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Journal articles on the topic 'Viral Transport Media'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 5 June 2025

Last updated: 2 August 2025

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1

Johnson, F. B. "Transport of viral specimens." Clinical Microbiology Reviews 3, no. 2 (1990): 120–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/cmr.3.2.120.

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The diagnosis of viral infections by culture relies on the collection of proper specimens, proper care to protect the virus in the specimens from environmental damage, and use of an adequate transport system to maintain virus activity. Collection of specimens with swabs that are toxic to either virus or cell culture should be avoided. A variety of transport media have been formulated, beginning with early bacteriological transport media. Certain swab-tube combinations have proven to be both effective and convenient. Of the liquid transport media, sucrose-based and broth-based media appear to b

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Mears, Matthew J., Michael J. Wallace, Jacob S. Yount, et al. "Viral transport media for COVID-19 testing." MethodsX 8 (2021): 101433. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.mex.2021.101433.

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Ngetsa, Caroline, Victor Osoti, Dorcas Okanda, et al. "Validation of saline, PBS and a locally produced VTM at varying storage conditions to detect the SARS-CoV-2 virus by qRT-PCR." PLOS ONE 18, no. 2 (2023): e0280685. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0280685.

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Coronavirus Disease-2019 tests require a Nasopharyngeal (NP) and/or Oropharyngeal (OP) specimen from the upper airway, from which virus RNA is extracted and detected through quantitative reverse transcription-Polymerase Chain Reaction (qRT-PCR). The viability of the virus is maintained after collection by storing the NP/OP swabs in Viral Transport Media (VTM). We evaluated the performance of four transport media: locally manufactured (“REVITAL”) Viral Transport Media (RVTM), Standard Universal Transport Media (SUTM), PBS and 0.9% (w/v) NaCl (normal saline). We used laboratory cultured virus to

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Kyriakopoulos, Leandros. "Viral Economies." Homo Virtualis 3, no. 2 (2020): 15. http://dx.doi.org/10.12681/homvir.25446.

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The article examines the Covid-19 pandemic by investigating the ways in which viruses are mapped out through the biosciences and recognized as threats in informational systems. Two examples are analyzed that, although seemingly unrelated, intersect the assemblages of biological and communicational networks. The first one concerns the speed at which a third of the world's population was quarantined. The second one involves the readiness of the material-technical infrastructure to support, and the political planning to transfer, a multitude of social and labour activities onto digital platforms.

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Beniwal, Nisha, and Baljeet Singh Saharan. "Emerging Importance of Viral Transport Media in High-Throughput Sequencing Fidelity for Genomic Analysis." Journal of Scientific Research and Reports 29, no. 10 (2023): 99–103. http://dx.doi.org/10.9734/jsrr/2023/v29i101801.

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The impact of Viral Transport Media (VTM) components on the efficacy and accuracy of high-throughput Next-Generation Sequencing (NGS) techniques is a subject of paramount importance in the field of viral genomics and diagnostics. VTMs play a pivotal role in preserving viral samples, and their composition can profoundly influence the quality and reliability of NGS results. This study explores the intricate relationship between VTM components and NGS outcomes, with a focus on optimizing diagnostic precision and the efficiency of NGS in viral genomics. Through comprehensive investigation, this re

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A. AlTaie, Anmar, Muhammad Abdul-Ghani Muhammad, Mohammad M. Salih, Noor Raad Abdulghany, and Iman Mutasher Auf. "Human Bocavirus Diagnosis by Molecular Method from Respiratory Infection Patients in Mosul City." Sumer 4 8, CSS 4 (2023): 1–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.21931/rb/css/2023.08.04.82.

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The Bocavirus, which causes respiratory illness in the lower respiratory tract in newborns, children, and healthy adults, was investigated in this study. Methodology and results: The samples were taken as Nasopharyngeal / Throat swabs kept in sterile VTM ( Viral Transport Media ), Which was collected from Mosul Hospitals within six months of the study. The Tested patients' ages ranged from under 20 to above 40 ( between 11 57 ) for both sex males and females. The dominion age group was above 30, and the DNA of this virus was extracted by the real-time PCR method ). Conclusion, significance, an

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Baek, Young Hyun, Min Young Park, Ho Jae Lim, et al. "Evaluation of Alternative Transport Media for RT-qPCR-Based SARS-CoV-2 Testing." International Journal of Analytical Chemistry 2022 (August 10, 2022): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2022/5020255.

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Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), which causes coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), is still rapidly spreading as of March 2022. An accurate and rapid molecular diagnosis is essential to determine the exact number of confirmed cases. Currently, the viral transport medium (VTM) required for testing is in short supply due to a sharp increase in the laboratory tests performed, and alternative VTMs are needed to alleviate the shortage. Guanidine thiocyanate-based media reportedly inactivate SARS-CoV-2 and are compatible with quantitative reverse transcription polymerase

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Amaniampong, A., E. Akowuah, M. A. Boasiako, et al. "Comparative Analysis of SARS-Cov-2 Detection Using Viral Swab in Viral Transport Medium Against Cotton Swab in 0.9% Normal Saline." GET Journal of Biosecurity and One Health 2, no. 2 (2023): 28–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.36108/gjoboh/3202.20.0240.

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Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) has become a major health problem causing severe acute respiratory illness in humans. With the high case count and mortality rate, a broad testing method is required to detect the virus in infected people, as well as less common clinical manifestations of the disease. Consequently, the high demand for testing has resulted in a depletion of commercially available consumables, including the recommended swabs and viral transport media (VTM) required for oropharyngeal sampling. To address this issue, we evaluated the utility of a commonly found cotton swab in 0.

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S Sahajpal, Nikhil, Ashis K. Mondal, Allan Njau, et al. "Effective optimization of SARS-CoV-2 laboratory testing variables in an era of supply chain constraints." Future Microbiology 15, no. 15 (2020): 1483–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.2217/fmb-2020-0094.

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RT-PCR-based assays for the detection of SARS-CoV-2 have played an essential role in the current COVID-19 pandemic. However, the sample collection and test reagents are in short supply, primarily due to supply chain issues. Thus, to eliminate testing constraints, we have optimized three key process variables: RNA extraction and RT-PCR reactions, different sample types and media to facilitate SARS-CoV-2 testing. By performing various validation and bridging studies, we have shown that various sample types such as nasopharyngeal swab, bronchioalveolar lavage and saliva, collected using conventio

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Parikh, Bijal A., Meghan A. Wallace, Broc T. McCune, Carey-Ann D. Burnham, and Neil W. Anderson. "The Effects of “Dry Swab” Incubation on SARS-CoV-2 Molecular Testing." Journal of Applied Laboratory Medicine 6, no. 5 (2021): 1281–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jalm/jfab010.

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Abstract Background Widespread testing of SARS-CoV-2 has resulted in shortages of collection devices and transport media. We evaluated the stability of flocked swabs inoculated with SARS-CoV-2-containing specimen incubated dry (i.e., without transport medium) at room temperature. Methods A pool of SARS-CoV-2 positive specimen was used to inoculate flocked swabs. Five swabs were placed immediately into universal transport media (UTM) following inoculation, and tested immediately (day 0). Fifteen of the swabs were placed into sterile 15-mL conical tubes and incubated at room temperature for 1, 2

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Nazario-Toole, Ashley, Holly M. Nguyen, Hui Xia, Dianne N. Frankel, John W. Kieffer, and Thomas F. Gibbons. "Sequencing SARS-CoV-2 from antigen tests." PLOS ONE 17, no. 2 (2022): e0263794. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0263794.

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Genomic surveillance empowers agile responses to SARS-CoV-2 by enabling scientists and public health analysts to issue recommendations aimed at slowing transmission, prioritizing contact tracing, and building a robust genomic sequencing surveillance strategy. Since the start of the pandemic, real time RT-PCR diagnostic testing from upper respiratory specimens, such as nasopharyngeal (NP) swabs, has been the standard. Moreover, respiratory samples in viral transport media are the ideal specimen for SARS-CoV-2 whole-genome sequencing (WGS). In early 2021, many clinicians transitioned to antigen-

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Adnan, Fareeha, Nazia Khursheed, Moiz Khan, Maira Khan, Nazia Parveen, and Marium Khan. "Value of in-house viral transport medium in breaking the bottlenecks for viral testing in Pakistan." Infectious Diseases Journal of Pakistan 33, no. 4 (2024): 167–72. https://doi.org/10.61529/idjp.v33i4.322.

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Background: Maintenance of a steady supply of viral transport medium (VTM) for transporting clinical samples to the laboratory for viral testing is critical amid periods of viral outbreak. Hence, we prepared an in-house VTM and validated its capacity to preserve viral nucleic acids. Material and Methods: We used Phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) supplemented with sterile glycerol and a combination of antibiotics viz. vancomycin, colistin sulphate, amphotericin B and trimethoprim lactate, for our VTM formulation. For stability, antimicrobial efficacy and sterility evaluation, representative sampl

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Kunzelmann, Karl, Jane Sun, Jayesh Meanger, Nicholas J. King, and David I. Cook. "Inhibition of Airway Na+ Transport by Respiratory Syncytial Virus." Journal of Virology 81, no. 8 (2007): 3714–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/jvi.02621-06.

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ABSTRACT In previous studies, we have shown that two major respiratory pathogens, influenza virus and parainfluenza virus, produce acute alterations in ion transport upon contacting the apical membrane of the respiratory epithelium. In the present study, we examine the effects on ion transport by the mouse tracheal epithelium of a third major respiratory pathogen, respiratory syncytial virus (RSV). RSV infections are associated with fluid accumulation in the respiratory tract and cause illnesses that range in severity from rhinitis, sinusitis, otitis media, and bronchitis to bronchiolitis and

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Kline, Ahnika, Nicole E. Putnam, Jung-Ho Youn, et al. "Dacron swab and PBS are acceptable alternatives to flocked swab and viral transport media for SARS-CoV-2." Diagnostic Microbiology and Infectious Disease 99, no. 1 (2021): 115209. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.diagmicrobio.2020.115209.

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Robinet, Sylvain, François Parisot, Laurie Cochonot, et al. "RT-PCR detection of SARS-CoV-2 in nasopharyngeal and salivary specimens: contribution of alternative collection systems and extraction processes to cope with mass screening. Interpretation of low viral loads." LaboratoriumsMedizin 46, no. 2 (2022): 99–106. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/labmed-2021-0157.

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Abstract Objectives Due to massive screening of the persistent coronavirus SARS-CoV-2, supply difficulties emerged for swabs and extraction reagents leading to test alternative choices. Quality sampling may have an impact on the result and a low RNA detection may be difficult to interpret because it does not necessarily mean that infectious particles are present in biological samples. There is a need to understand whether the Ct value information is relevant and informative. Methods We compared the pre-analytical stability of RNA in saline solution, UTM®, Amies and Cary-Blair transport media.

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Kannuri, Sriram, Rajashri Patil, Sahjid Mukhida, et al. "Dual testing for SARS Covid-19 in asymptomatic medico-legal cases: Experience and suggestions." Journal of Dr. YSR University of Health Sciences 13, no. 2 (2024): 148–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.4103/jdrysruhs.jdrysruhs_181_22.

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ABSTRACT Context: A person caught by police known as a Medical Legal Case (MLC) should be negative for Covid-19 before they are presented in court. Police officers always insist on collecting a sample from MLC patients for both the rapid antigen test (RAT) and reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RTPCR). Using both tests for the same patient at the same time is a waste of resources. The aim of the study is to analyze and compare Covid-19 RAT and RTPCR testing results in MLC cases and to find out the need to prevent resource wasting due to dual tests. Methods: The study was conducte

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Tokarev, Alexey, Anastasia Mozokhina, and Vitaly Volpert. "Competition of SARS-CoV-2 Variants in Cell Culture and Tissue: Wins the Fastest Viral Autowave." Vaccines 10, no. 7 (2022): 995. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/vaccines10070995.

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Replication of viruses in living tissues and cell cultures is a “number game” involving complex biological processes (cell infection, virus replication inside infected cell, cell death, viral degradation) as well as transport processes limiting virus spatial propagation. In epithelial tissues and immovable cell cultures, viral particles are basically transported via Brownian diffusion. Highly non-linear kinetics of viral replication combined with diffusion limitation lead to spatial propagation of infection as a moving front switching from zero to high local viral concentration, the behavior t

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Roat, Chetana, and Nilay Harshadkumar Dave. "Evaluation of the time, labor, and money required for manual and automated nucleic acid (RNA) isolation for the detection of SARS-COV-2 by QRT-PCR using the qiamp viral RNA mini kit and kingfisher flex." Indian Journal of Microbiology Research 11, no. 1 (2024): 48–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.18231/j.ijmr.2024.009.

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We undertook this cross-sectional investigation to assess the time, manpower, and average run cost per sample using manual Qiamp Viral RNA micro kit (Qiagen) and automated kingfisher flex instrument extraction methods for SARS-Cov-2 identification.The study used 120 Viral Transport Media-collected nasopharyngeal/ oropharyngeal swabs.Magnetic bead-based RNA extraction was performed using the Thermo Fisher Scientific kingfisher flex instrument and manual Extraction was Silica membrane-based Qiagen spin column kits. The TaqPath™ COVID-19 Combo Kit from Thermo Fisher Scientific was used for detect

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Bradley, J. A., and L. Thrasher-Stallard. "Leading Laboratory Testing through a Viral Pandemic." American Journal of Clinical Pathology 154, Supplement_1 (2020): S131. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ajcp/aqaa161.287.

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Abstract Introduction/Objective In March, thrown into the 2019 Novel Coronavirus pandemic the first test result was returned on the first suspected of this virus. Since, we implemented numerous plans of action, control measures, test procedures and managed the flow of accurate information to the entire facility. Methods Control and leadership engagement were key to our success. Control of collection process, creating collection “kits”, methods of shipment, results reporting and regulated distribution. Key players maintained order and track all samples on a spreadsheet. The spreadsheet utilized

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Kirkland, P. D., and M. J. Frost. "The impact of viral transport media on PCR assay results for the detection of nucleic acid from SARS-CoV-2." Pathology 52, no. 7 (2020): 811–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.pathol.2020.09.013.

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Gitis, Vitaly, Avner Adin, Abed Nasser, Jenny Gun, and Ovadia Lev. "Fluorescent dye labeled bacteriophages—a new tracer for the investigation of viral transport in porous media: 1. Introduction and characterization." Water Research 36, no. 17 (2002): 4227–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0043-1354(02)00163-x.

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Hassan, Ferdaus, Jordan Crawford, Aleta B. Bonner, Nathan A. Ledeboer, and Rangaraj Selvarangan. "Multicenter evaluation of the Alere™ i influenza A&B assay using respiratory specimens collected in viral transport media." Diagnostic Microbiology and Infectious Disease 92, no. 4 (2018): 294–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.diagmicrobio.2018.07.002.

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Kirichenko, I. M., V. I. Popadyuk, N. S. Kozlova, and A. I. Chernolev. "Acute rhinosinusitis in children in outpatient practice: The possibilities of rational therapy and prevention of complications." Meditsinskiy sovet = Medical Council, no. 19 (November 25, 2024): 69–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.21518/ms2024-443.

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In outpatient practice, both pediatrician and otorhinolaryngologist, acute rhinosinusitis is the most common infectious disease of the upper respiratory tract. The formation of sinusitis against the background of acute respiratory viral infection (colds) in children is facilitated by the unjustified administration of antibiotics, decreased immunity, allergies, changes in the structure of the nose and paranasal sinuses, metabolic disorders, beriberi, chronic diseases, adverse environmental factors. The administration of systemic antibiotics for viral infections of the upper respiratory tract le

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Greub, Gilbert, Giorgia Caruana, Michael Schweitzer, et al. "Multicenter Technical Validation of 30 Rapid Antigen Tests for the Detection of SARS-CoV-2 (VALIDATE)." Microorganisms 9, no. 12 (2021): 2589. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms9122589.

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During COVID19 pandemic, SARS-CoV-2 rapid antigen tests (RATs) were marketed with minimal or no performance data. We aimed at closing this gap by determining technical sensitivities and specificities of 30 RATs prior to market release. We developed a standardized technical validation protocol and assessed 30 RATs across four diagnostic laboratories. RATs were tested in parallel using the Standard Q® (SD Biosensor/Roche) assay as internal reference. We used left-over universal transport/optimum media from nasopharyngeal swabs of 200 SARS-CoV-2 PCR-negative and 100 PCR-positive tested patients.

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Ledesma, C. J., M. Cavazos, and L. Chase. "Thermal Shock Viral RNA Release in COVID-19 Testing." American Journal of Clinical Pathology 158, Supplement_1 (2022): S140—S141. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ajcp/aqac126.298.

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Abstract Introduction/Objective The public health emergency of the COVID-19 pandemic emphasized the crucial role of medical laboratory professionals and scientists in molecular diagnostics laboratories to ensure success in infection control strategies. The demand for laboratory testing using nucleic acid amplification tests to detect SARS-CoV-2 RNA imposed strains in laboratory supplies. Here, we explored an alternative cost-effective solution that will simplify the pre-PCR steps by using a simple heating method to release viral RNA. Methods/Case Report Samples tested using the reference autom

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Banik, Sukalyani, Kaheerman Saibire, Shraddha Suryavanshi, et al. "Inactivation of SARS-CoV-2 virus in saliva using a guanidium based transport medium suitable for RT-PCR diagnostic assays." PLOS ONE 16, no. 6 (2021): e0252687. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0252687.

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Background Upper respiratory samples used to test for SARS-CoV-2 virus may be infectious and present a hazard during transport and testing. A buffer with the ability to inactivate SARS-CoV-2 at the time of sample collection could simplify and expand testing for COVID-19 to non-conventional settings. Methods We evaluated a guanidium thiocyanate-based buffer, eNAT™ (Copan) as a possible transport and inactivation medium for downstream Reverse Transcriptase-Polymerase Chain Reaction (RT-PCR) testing to detect SARS-CoV-2. Inactivation of SARS-CoV-2 USA-WA1/2020 in eNAT and in diluted saliva was st

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Benaissa, Elmostafa, Amal Zouaoui, and Rachid Aabi. "Comparison of Abbot ID Now Method with Eurobioplex RT-PCR SARS-Cov-2 Multiplex Method for Detection of SARS-Cov-2 from Nasopharyngeal and Oropharyngeal Samples." Saudi Journal of Medical and Pharmaceutical Sciences 10, no. 09 (2024): 704–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.36348/sjmps.2024.v10i09.010.

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Background: COVID 19 created an urgent demand for rapid diagnosis to encircle this pandemic and improve patient management. In this context, we evaluated the concordance of the ID NOW test compared to the Eurobioplex RT-PCR test in the rapid diagnosis of SARS-CoV-2. Methods: To evaluate the concordance of the assay at different viral loads, 154 positive samples were selected to represent the full range of Ct values observed on the Eurobioplex RT-PCR assay, ranging from 14 to 38 cycles. Positive concordance for the ID Now assay was calculating dusing Eurobioplex RT-PCR as the reference test. An

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Małecki, Krzysztof, Jarosław Jankowski, and Mateusz Szkwarkowski. "Modelling the Impact of Transit Media on Information Spreading in an Urban Space Using Cellular Automata." Symmetry 11, no. 3 (2019): 428. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/sym11030428.

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Information spreading processes are the key drivers of marketing campaigns. Activity on social media delivers more detailed information compared to viral marketing in traditional media. Monitoring the performance of outdoor campaigns that are carried out using this transportation system is even more complicated because of the lack of data. The approach that is presented in this paper is based on cellular automata and enables the modelling of the information-spreading processes that are initiated by transit advertising within an urban space. The evaluation of classical and graph cellular automa

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Mohamad, Nadia, Yuvaneswary Veloo, Muhammad Alfatih Pahrol, Jeyanthi Suppiah, Rafiza Shaharudin, and Rohaida Ismail. "DETECTION OF SARS-COV-2 FROM SURFACE OF PATIENTS’ LEFTOVER FOOD PACKAGES AT A COVID-19 QUARANTINE CENTRE." Malaysian Journal of Public Health Medicine 21, no. 3 (2021): 217–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.37268/mjphm/vol.21/no.3/art.1205.

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In healthcare facilities, food waste and its packaging are mostly managed as non-infectious general waste. However, waste from SARS-CoV-2 positive patients, are treated as medical waste as they may be contaminated by the virus. We investigated the possibility of SARS-CoV-2 contamination from positive COVID-19 patients to their leftover food packages at a quarantine centre. Food packages surface was swabbed using prewetted cellular foam, placed into viral transport media and analysed using real time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction. SARS-CoV-2 RNA was detected in two samples (4.5

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Gleaves, Curt A., Daniel H. Rice, and Carrie F. Lee. "Evaluation of an enzyme immunoassay for the detection of herpes simplex virus (HSV) antigen from clinical specimens in viral transport media." Journal of Virological Methods 28, no. 2 (1990): 133–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0166-0934(90)90027-d.

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Al-Saud, Haya, Khaldoun Al-Romaih, Razan Bakheet, et al. "Automated SARS-COV-2 RNA extraction from patient nasopharyngeal samples using a modified DNA extraction kit for high throughput testing." Annals of Saudi Medicine 40, no. 5 (2020): 373–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.5144/0256-4947.2020.373.

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ABSTRACT BACKGROUND: The pandemic of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-COV-2) has prompted a need for mass testing to identify patients with viral infection. The high demand has created a global bottleneck in testing capacity, which prompted us to modify available resources to extract viral RNA and perform reverse transcription quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) to detect SARS-COV-2. OBJECTIVES: Report on the use of a DNA extraction kit, after modifications, to extract viral RNA that could then be detected using an FDA-approved SARS-COV-2 RT-qPCR ass

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Nayak, Niranjan, Arnab Ghosh, Dharma Raj Bhatta, and Dilasma Gharti Magar. "COVID-19: a brief review." Journal of Pathology of Nepal 10, no. 1 (2020): 1659–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/jpn.v10i1.28946.

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In December 2019, Wuhan, in China, became the center of an outbreak of pneumonia of unknown cause. In January 2020, a novel coronavirus was identified. Later the whole genomic sequence of this novel virus was established. The World Health Organization named the disease “COVID-19” and marked it as a pandemic. The origin of the virus is still conjectural. Studies suggested markedly increased levels of several pro-inflammatory cytokines and chemokines in these patients, which lead to injury to several organs. The organ which is most commonly damaged is the lungs. On histopathology, lung shows dif

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Gitis, Vitaly, Avner Adin, Abed Nasser, Jenny Gun, and Ovadia Lev. "Fluorescent dye labeled bacteriophages—a new tracer for the investigation of viral transport in porous media: 2. Studies of deep-bed filtration." Water Research 36, no. 17 (2002): 4235–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0043-1354(02)00164-1.

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Morehouse, Zachary P., Caleb Proctor, Gabriella Ryan, and Rodney J. Nash. "693. Shaking Things Up: Direct-to-PCR Viral Detection off Swabs Using Shaker-Mill Homogenization." Open Forum Infectious Diseases 7, Supplement_1 (2020): S399. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ofid/ofaa439.885.

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Abstract Background As the number of viral diseases are on the rise, it is critical to continue to innovate and advance diagnostic, treatment, and surveillance methods surrounding viral infections. Currently, one of the most reliable methods for viral infection detection are polymerase chain reaction (PCR) based assays. These assays often involve procedures of swabbing a patient, processing the sample to lyse the virus, extract, and purify it’s nucleotides, and then run the purified genetic material via PCR for detection of a gene product needed to confirm the patient’s suspected diagnosis. Th

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Budiyatno, Kevin Chrisanta, Adik Wibowo, and Samuel Lay Riwu. "The use of salivary specimen for COVID-19 detection using RT-PCR assay: a systematic review." International Journal of Public Health Science (IJPHS) 11, no. 2 (2022): 646. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/ijphs.v11i2.21173.

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As coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) cases arose globally, active case finding by performing throat swab test proposed high risk for the healthcare workers. Saliva had recently been reported to show positive detection means for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) and proposed advantages of self-collection, less requirement of transport media, and reduced nosocomial transmission risk. However, support evidence regarding its diagnostic value was still lacking and varied widely in specimen collection method. This systematic review aimed to assess the diagnostic value of

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Kevin, Chrisanta Budiyatno, Wibowo Adik, and Lay Riwu Samuel. "The use of salivary specimen for COVID-19 detection using RT-PCR assay: a systematic review." International Journal of Public Health Science (IJPHS) 11, no. 2 (2022): 656–53. https://doi.org/10.11591/ijphs.v11i2.21173.

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As coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) cases arose globally, active case finding by performing throat swab test proposed high risk for the healthcare workers. Saliva had recently been reported to show positive detection means for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) and proposed advantages of self-collection, less requirement of transport media, and reduced nosocomial transmission risk. However, support evidence regarding its diagnostic value was still lacking and varied widely in specimen collection method. This systematic review aimed to assess the diagnostic value of

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Mishra, Pravakar, Lipika Nayak, Rashmi Ranjan Das, Bhagirathi Dwibedi, and Amitabh Singh. "Viral Agents Causing Acute Respiratory Infections in Children under Five: A Study from Eastern India." International Journal of Pediatrics 2016 (2016): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2016/7235482.

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Background. Acute respiratory infections (ARIs) are important cause of mortality and morbidity in children under five in developing country.Methods. This observational study was conducted over two-year period in a tertiary care teaching hospital of Eastern India. Nasal and throat swabs were collected, transported to the laboratory at 2–8°C in viral transport media, and then processed for detection of viruses using mono/multiplex real-time polymerase chain reaction.Results. A total of 300 children aged 2–60 months with ARIs were included. The most common age group affected with LRI was 2–12 mo

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Frank, Mayu O., Nathalie E. Blachere, Salina Parveen, et al. "DRUL for school: Opening Pre-K with safe, simple, sensitive saliva testing for SARS-CoV-2." PLOS ONE 16, no. 6 (2021): e0252949. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0252949.

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To address the need for simple, safe, sensitive, and scalable SARS-CoV-2 tests, we validated and implemented a PCR test that uses a saliva collection kit use at home. Individuals self-collected 300 μl saliva in vials containing Darnell Rockefeller University Laboratory (DRUL) buffer and extracted RNA was assayed by RT-PCR (the DRUL saliva assay). The limit of detection was confirmed to be 1 viral copy/μl in 20 of 20 replicate extractions. Viral RNA was stable in DRUL buffer at room temperature up to seven days after sample collection, and safety studies demonstrated that DRUL buffer immediatel

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Syed, Tanwir Alam, Biswas Samrat, Begum Sonuwara, and Pathak Mihirjyoti. "An Analysis of Incidence of COVID-19 in Patients Aged Less Than 75 Years in a Tertiary Care Hospital in North-East India." International Journal of Pharmaceutical and Clinical Research 16, no. 7 (2024): 352–59. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12778685.

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<strong>Background: </strong>Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) which is also called COVID-19 has had a profound impact on human lives, reshaping societies and altering the course of daily existence. The virus, which spread rapidly across the globe, led to widespread illness and a significant loss of life. Healthcare systems were strained, exposing vulnerabilities and prompting urgent adaptations. <strong>Objective: </strong>The present study aimed to examine the incidence and possible association between age and gender among positive COVID-19 patients

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Kutera-Chrobok, Katarzyna, Renata Klekotka, Joanna Symela-Kaspera, Aleksandra Ślaska-Kaspera, Włodzimierz Dziubdziela, and Jarosław Markowski. "Role of the microbiology laboratory tests in diagnosis inflammation of the upper respiratory tract." Polski Przegląd Otorynolaryngologiczny 10, no. 3 (2021): 13–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0015.2592.

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Infections of the upper respiratory tract are one of the main reasons why patients visit their primary care physician. Most of these are viral infections, requiring only symptomatic treatment. In the case of infections of bacterial etiology, apart from thorough medical history and physical examination, microbiological tests play an important role. They allow for the precise identification of the microorganism and determine sensitivity to antibiotics. Avoiding unjustified or wrong antibiotic therapy supports the fight against multi-drug resistant organisms, which are an increasing challenge for

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Padgett, Leah R., Lauren A. Kennington, Charlotte L. Ahls, et al. "Polyester nasal swabs collected in a dry tube are a robust and inexpensive, minimal self-collection kit for SARS-CoV-2 testing." PLOS ONE 16, no. 4 (2021): e0245423. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0245423.

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Background In order to identify an inexpensive yet highly stable SARS-CoV-2 collection device as an alternative to foam swabs stored in transport media, both contrived (“surrogate”) CoV-positive and patient-collected spun polyester swabs stored in dry tubes were evaluated for time- and temperature-stability using qPCR. Methods Surrogate specimens were prepared by combining multiple, residual SARS-CoV-2-positive clinical specimens and diluting to near-LOD levels in either porcine or human mucus (“matrix”), inoculating foam or polyester nasal swabs, and sealing in dry tubes. Swabs were then subj

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Rader, Theodore, Graham Snyder, Lee Harrison, et al. "Whole-genome sequencing cluster analysis reveals complex healthcare-associated COVID-19 dynamics." Antimicrobial Stewardship & Healthcare Epidemiology 3, S2 (2023): s84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/ash.2023.341.

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Background: Identifying and interrupting transmission of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 and resulting disease (COVID-19) in acute-care settings can be challenging due to incubation period, asymptomatic infection, and prevalent community disease. To elucidate routes of infection and interrupt COVID-19 outbreaks with uncertain epidemiological chains of transmission, UPMC utilized reactive whole-genome sequencing (WGS) of viral specimens. Methods: UPMC infection prevention teams identified healthcare-associated COVID-19 clusters with uncertain transmission pathways among patients

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P., Nirmal* Dr. G. Selvi M. Selva Vignesh. "A Novel Bimodal Release Strategy for Atazanavir And Ritonavir: Mini-Tablet in Capsule Formulation with Ph-Dependent Coatings and Simultaneous Estimation Via UV Spectroscopy." International Journal of Scientific Research and Technology 2, no. 4 (2025): 170–85. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.15183608.

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The objective of this research was to create a mini-tablet-in-capsule formulation of Atazanavir and Ritonavir that facilitates bimodal release, intended to deliver both immediate and controlled release within a single dosage unit. This approach aimed to improve patient compliance, reduce conventional dose, prolong drug release, and prevent viral resurgence in the treatment of HIV. Immediate-release mini-tablets (IRMT) and controlled-release mini-tablets (CRMT) were prepared using the direct compression method, with the optimized CRMTs subsequently coated with pH-dependent polymers at varying c

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Alaifan, Taghreed, Asmaa Altamimi, Dalia Obeid, Turki Alshehri, Shaihana Almatrrouk, and Ahmed Albarrag. "SARS-CoV-2 direct real-time polymerase chain reaction testing in laboratories with shortage challenges." Future Virology 16, no. 2 (2021): 133–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.2217/fvl-2020-0187.

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Aim: In our study, we propose the use of direct real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), this test does not require extraction or a preheating step, which saves a lot of cost, labor, processing time and provides a solution for supply shortage. Materials & methods: We assayed 185 nasopharyngeal samples stored in viral transport media. The indirect method was done with RNA extraction step, and the direct RT-PCR was done without an extraction step, both assays were evaluated on a commercially validated severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) kit targeting E gene. Res

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Silva, Lívia Mara, Lorena Rodrigues Riani, Marcelo Silva Silvério, Olavo dos Santos Pereira-Júnior, and Frederico Pittella. "Comparison of Rapid Nucleic Acid Extraction Methods for SARS-CoV-2 Detection by RT-qPCR." Diagnostics 12, no. 3 (2022): 601. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/diagnostics12030601.

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Since 2020, humanity has been facing the COVID-19 pandemic, a respiratory disease caused by the SARS-CoV-2. The world’s response to pandemic went through the development of diagnostics, vaccines and medicines. Regarding diagnostics, an enormous challenge was faced due to shortage of materials to collect and process the samples, and to perform reliable mass diagnosis by RT-qPCR. In particular, time-consuming and high cost of nucleic acid extraction procedures have hampered the diagnosis; moreover, several steps in the routine for the preparation of the material makes the extracted sample suscep

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Ahmed, Abeera, Fatima Sana, M. Yasir, Hamid Jamal, Shagufta Yousaf, and Aysha Khan. "Epidemiology of SARS-CoV-2 with Implications of Reinfection Update After 01 Year of Ongoing Pandemic: Cross Sectional Study From Tertiary Care Hospital From Southern Region of Pakistan." Pakistan Armed Forces Medical Journal 72, no. 1 (2022): 91–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.51253/pafmj.v72i1.7060.

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Objective: To share the epidemiological, clinical and laboratory -based evidence of severe acute respiratory syndrome Corona Virus-2 with focus on the cases of re-infection; an update after one year of the ongoing pandemic. Study Design: Prospective observational study. Place and Duration of Study: Department of Pathology, in collaboration with Department of Medicine, Combined Military Hospital, Malir, from Mar 2020 to Feb 2021. Methodology: Total 5190 nasopharyngeal swabs were collected and transported to the laboratory in viral transport media for severe acute respiratory s

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Hogan, Catherine, Anthony T. Le, Justin Mak, Malaya Kumar. Sahoo, Tina Cowan, and Benjamin A. Pinksy. "1791. Novel Metabolomics Approach for the Diagnosis of Respiratory Viruses Directly from Nasopharyngeal Specimens." Open Forum Infectious Diseases 6, Supplement_2 (2019): S660. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ofid/ofz360.1654.

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Abstract Background Respiratory virus infections are important causes of morbidity and mortality among pediatric and adult patients. These viruses infect respiratory epithelial cells, where they may induce specific metabolite alterations. As a proof-of-concept, we investigate the novel use of liquid chromatography (LC) combined with quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry (Q-TOF) for the study of host cell metabolite alterations to diagnose and differentiate respiratory viruses. Methods We studied nasopharyngeal swab samples positive for respiratory viruses by the eSensor Respiratory Viral

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Rekrut, K., and K. Schleuter. "Application of EM to differentiate herpes virus from pox virus in genital specimens." Proceedings, annual meeting, Electron Microscopy Society of America 52 (1994): 262–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0424820100169043.

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Confirmation of herpes simplex virus (HSV) from genital lesions of obstetrical (OB) patients may affect both the management of the delivery and of the neonate.(l,2) During 1992 and 1993, 4,450 genital specimens from OB patients were submitted in viral transport media for herpes culture. The specimens were inoculated into MRC-5, Vero, and A-549 tissue culture tubes, incubated, and examined daily for 7 days for cytopathic effect (CPE). The original specimens were frozen at −70° C until final reports were issued. Culture tubes with CPE were tested by the Dupont Herpchek enzyme immuno assay (EIA)

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Sharoni, Shlomit, Miri Trainic, Daniella Schatz, et al. "Infection of phytoplankton by aerosolized marine viruses." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 112, no. 21 (2015): 6643–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1423667112.

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Marine viruses constitute a major ecological and evolutionary driving force in the marine ecosystems. However, their dispersal mechanisms remain underexplored. Here we follow the dynamics ofEmiliania huxleyiviruses (EhV) that infect the ubiquitous, bloom-forming phytoplanktonE. huxleyiand show thatEhV are emitted to the atmosphere as primary marine aerosols. Using a laboratory-based setup, we showed that the dynamic ofEhV aerial emission is strongly coupled to the host–virus dynamic in the culture media. In addition, we recoveredEhV DNA from atmospheric samples collected over anE. huxleyibloom

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Abhishek, Velamuri, Sukrutha Gopalareddy, and Shiva Priya Eswaran. "Prevalence of Influenza Viruses A and B in Seasonal Flu : A Tertiary Care Hospital Study." International Journal of Current Microbiology and Applied Sciences 14, no. 3 (2025): 170–79. https://doi.org/10.20546/ijcmas.2025.1403.020.

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Influenza is a public health problem and one among global threats. Influenza is viral infection leading to morbidity and mortality proving itself to be fatal during outbreaks. Understanding the pathogenesis of influenzae virus helps in framing a preventive strategy. This has become cumbersome due to the genetic mutations resulting in evolution of multiple strains. So, appropriate management of influenza is of utmost importance in curbing and combating the ill effects during any pandemic. Total 2010 appropriate swabs (nasopharyngeal and oropharyngeal swabs) were collected of the upper respirato

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