Journal articles: 'Vireyas'

1

Schlossberg, Scott. "Abundance and Habitat Preferences of Gray Vireos (Vireo Vicinior) on the Colorado Plateau." Auk 123, no. 1 (January 1, 2006): 33–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/auk/123.1.33.

Full text

Abstract:

Abstract The Gray Vireo (Vireo vicinior; hereafter “vireo”) is a little-studied songbird with small breeding and wintering ranges. Because of uncertainty about vireo populations, conservationists are concerned about the future of this species. The goal of the present study was to provide new data on the ecology of the vireo to help determine its conservation status. During May and June 2001, I studied breeding habitat selection by vireos on the Colorado Plateau in northern Arizona and southern Utah. I surveyed for vireos and collected vegetation data on 31 transects in pinyon-juniper (Pinus edulis-Juniperus spp.) woodlands throughout this region. Estimated density of vireos was 0.064 ± 0.011 (mean ± SE) birds ha−1. Analysis at two scales showed that the vireo’s primary habitat preference was for areas where junipers predominate over pinyon pine. Vireos also preferred areas with some shrub cover, and they increased with the prevalence of sagebrush (Artemisia tridentata) among shrubs. Additionally, vireos were more common at lower elevations, an effect that was largely independent of vegetation characters. Habitats preferred by vireos are widespread in the southwestern United States and may be increasing in extent as woodlands expand into grasslands and shrublands. On the basis of these results, I suggest that vireo populations are relatively safe, at least for the short term. Additional data on vireo demography are needed to ensure the long-term conservation of this species. Abundancia y Preferencias de Hábitat de Vireo vicinior en la Planicie de Colorado

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

2

Cumming, Enid E. "Habitat Segregation Among Songbirds in Old-Growth Boreal Mixedwood Forest." Canadian Field-Naturalist 118, no. 1 (January 1, 2004): 45. http://dx.doi.org/10.22621/cfn.v118i1.881.

Full text

Abstract:

The foraging behaviour of ten species of insectivorous songbirds — Boreal Chickadee (Poecille hudsonicus), Golden-crowned Kinglet (Regulus satrapa), Ruby-crowned Kinglet (R. calendula), Blue-headed Vireo (Vireo solitarius), Tennessee (Vermivora peregrina), Blackburnian (Dendroica fusca), Magnolia (D. magnolia), Yellow-rumped [Myrtle] (D. coronata), Black-throated Green (D. virens), and Bay-breasted (D. castanea) warblers — was observed in the boreal mixedwood forest of Prince Albert National Park in central Saskatchewan. Birds segregated their habitat use by preferentially foraging in different tree species, and through preferential use of different foraging locations (height and position) within trees.White Spruce (Picea glauca) was used more than expected by Yellow-rumped Warblers, and Golden-crowned and Ruby-crowned kinglets. Tennessee and Magnolia warblers used White Birch (Betula papyrifera), more than expected and Boreal Chickadees and Blue-headed Vireos used Balsam Fir (Abies balsamea) more than expected. Boreal Chickadees, Ruby-crowned Kinglets, and Tennessee, Blackburnian and Yellow-rumped warblers all used the bottom part of trees less than expected, while Blueheaded Vireos foraged near the top of trees less than expected. Large inner branches were avoided by Tennessee, Blackburnian and Yellow-rumped warblers, while Bay-breasted Warblers and Blue-headed Vireos avoided small outer twigs. In conifers, Blackburnian Warblers foraged significantly higher in the trees than all other species except Black-throated Green and Baybreasted warblers. Blackburnian Warblers also foraged significantly higher than Blue-headed Vireos and Magnolia Warblers in deciduous trees.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

3

Argent, George. "SOME ATTRACTIVE VIREYA RHODODENDRONS." Curtis's Botanical Magazine 5, no. 3 (August 1988): 99–101. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-8748.1988.tb00126.x.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

4

Brown, Gillian K., Lyn A. Craven, Frank Udovicic, and Pauline Y. Ladiges. "Phylogenetic relationships of Rhododendron section Vireya (Ericaceae) inferred from the ITS nrDNA region." Australian Systematic Botany 19, no. 4 (2006): 329. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/sb05019.

Full text

Abstract:

Rhododendron L. taxonomy has been tested in recent times by molecular phylogenies based on several DNA regions. Most of these studies have aimed at higher-level relationships, despite the importance of lower ranks, such as sections, to most workers on the genus. Almost one-third of the species of Rhododendron are placed in one of the lepidote (scaly) sections, section Vireya (Blume) Copel.f. Results of phylogenetic analyses of the ITS region (ITS-1, 5.8S and ITS-2) for the genus Rhododendron, with sampling concentrated on section Vireya, are presented. The results of Bayesian and parsimony analyses were predominantly congruent. Subgenus Rhododendron is inferred to be monophyletic, while two of the three sections, Rhododendron and Vireya, are polyphyletic; the monophyly of section Pogonanthum Aitch. & Hemsl. was not tested in this study. Relationships between the species of section Vireya do not correspond to the traditional classification based on morphology, instead correlating strongly with geographic areas, with a disjunction between an Australian–New Guinea clade and clades of west and middle Malesian taxa. The phylogeny also indicates that the ITS region may not undergo complete homogenisation in all species of Rhododendron.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

5

Williams, EG, and JL Rouse. "Disparate Style Lengths Contribute to Isolation of Species in Rhododendron." Australian Journal of Botany 36, no. 2 (1988): 183. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/bt9880183.

Full text

Abstract:

For a group of closely related Rhododendron species in section Vireya, it is shown that success of interspecific pollinations is significantly dependent on male/female style length ratio (SLR), and apparently independent of whether both species belong to the same taxonomic subsection. Crosses with SLR < 0.2 or SLR > 6 were unsuccessful, with the probability of success increasing as SLR approached 1.0. When SLR was < 0.2 pollen tubes of the shorter-styled species were unable to reach the ovary. When SLR was > 5-6, pollen tubes of the longer-styled species penetrated deeply into the ovary but were rarely observed to enter ovules. Disparate style lengths are therefore a major incongruity factor among Vireya rhododendrons, and may contribute to species isolation.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

6

Tang, Jintian, Lu Zheng, Qie Jia, Hao Liu, Tom Hsiang, and Junbin Huang. "PCR Markers Derived from Comparative Genomics for Detection and Identification of the Rice Pathogen Ustilaginoidea virens in Plant Tissues." Plant Disease 101, no. 8 (August 2017): 1515–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/pdis-08-16-1088-re.

Full text

Abstract:

Ustilaginoidea virens is a fungal pathogen that causes the false smut disease in rice and reduces the yield and quantity of the grains. A nested polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-based assay was developed to detect U. virens using genes of U. virens as specific targets. Ninety-six candidate genes of U. virens were found through first-round homology screening against a local database comprising 46 genomes of fungi, bacteria, and plants, with a second-round comparison with the GenBank NR database to further identify genes unique to U. virens. Among 96 remaining candidate genes, 20 of them (GenBank accessions KY617806 to KY617825) were randomly selected for further testing and, eventually, six sets of nested PCR primers were developed after further sensitivity, specificity, and detection tests. All six sets could detect DNA of U. virens at as little as 1 to 10 fg/μl from field or lab samples. These primers may be used to detect infection by U. virens at early stages, for use in research toward mitigating disease spread, as well as for studying the ecology of U. virens. This study also serves to illustrate that a comparative genomics method may allow for selection and development of highly specific primers once draft or complete genomes are available.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

7

Halifu, Saiyaremu, Xun Deng, Xiaoshuang Song, Ruiqing Song, and Xu Liang. "Inhibitory Mechanism of Trichoderma virens ZT05 on Rhizoctonia solani." Plants 9, no. 7 (July 19, 2020): 912. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/plants9070912.

Full text

Abstract:

Trichoderma is a filamentous fungus that is widely distributed in nature. As a biological control agent of agricultural pests, Trichoderma species have been widely studied in recent years. This study aimed to understand the inhibitory mechanism of Trichoderma virens ZT05 on Rhizoctonia solani through the side-by-side culture of T. virens ZT05 and R. solani. To this end, we investigated the effect of volatile and nonvolatile metabolites of T. virens ZT05 on the mycelium growth and enzyme activity of R. solani and analyzed transcriptome data collected from side-by-side culture. T. virens ZT05 has a significant antagonistic effect against R. solani. The mycelium of T. virens ZT05 spirally wraps around and penetrates the mycelium of R. solani and inhibits the growth of R. solani. The volatile and nonvolatile metabolites of T. virens ZT05 have significant inhibitory effects on the growth of R. solani. The nonvolatile metabolites of T. virens ZT05 significantly affect the mycelium proteins of R. solani, including catalase (CAT), superoxide dismutase (SOD), peroxidase (POD), selenium-dependent glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px), soluble proteins, and malondialdehyde (MDA). Twenty genes associated with hyperparasitism, including extracellular proteases, oligopeptide transporters, G-protein coupled receptors (GPCRs), chitinases, glucanases, and proteases were found to be upregulated during the antagonistic process between T. virens ZT05 and R. solani. Thirty genes related to antibiosis function, including tetracycline resistance proteins, reductases, the heat shock response, the oxidative stress response, ATP-binding cassette (ABC) efflux transporters, and multidrug resistance transporters, were found to be upregulated during the side-by-side culture of T. virens ZT05 and R. solani. T. virens ZT05 has a significant inhibitory effect on R. solani, and its mechanism of action is associated with hyperparasitism and antibiosis.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

8

Héraux, Farah MG, Steven G. Hallett, K. G. Ragothama, and Stephen C. Weller. "Composted Chicken Manure as a Medium for the Production and Delivery of Trichoderma virens for Weed Control." HortScience 40, no. 5 (August 2005): 1394–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.40.5.1394.

Full text

Abstract:

Trichoderma virens (Gliocladium virens) (Miller et al.) von Arx is a soilborne fungus with a high degree of rhizosphere competence that produces a potent herbicidal compound, viridiol, and therefore has potential for development as a bioherbicide. We investigated the possibility of using composted chicken manure (CCM) as a medium for the production and deployment of T. virens. We chose CCM since the safe disposal of chicken manure presents significant logistic problems, and composted manures, as well as serving as an organic source of nitrogen, have been shown to support the activity of other biological control agents. Composted chicken manure supported the growth of T. virens and the rapid production of high concentrations of viridiol, but only when it was supplemented with large quantities of nutrients, including sucrose (16% w/w). Viridiol was not stable when stored in CCM, with a rapid decline in viridiol concentrations observed in T. virens-inoculated CCM cultures. Clearly, a cheaper alternative to sucrose is required as a carbon source for T. virens in CCM or similar media, and effective storage methods would need to be found for a T. virens-based bioherbicide product. Importantly, CCM did not need to be sterilized to support the growth of T. virens and its concomitant production of viridiol, suggesting that on-farm production systems may be feasible. Trichoderma virens-colonized CCM reduced the emergence and seedling growth of redroot pigweed (Amaranthus retroflexus L.) in a greenhouse experiment and dramatically reduced the emergence of a mixed community of broadleaf weeds in the field.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

9

Wei, Xianying, Fuquan Yang, and David C. Straney. "Multiple non-ribosomal peptide synthetase genes determine peptaibol synthesis in Trichoderma virens." Canadian Journal of Microbiology 51, no. 5 (May 1, 2005): 423–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/w05-006.

Full text

Abstract:

Trichoderma virens, an imperfect fungus, is used as a biocontrol agent to suppress plant disease caused by soilborne fungal pathogens. Antimicrobial peptides it produces include peptaibols of 11, 14, and 18 amino acids in length. These peptaibols were previously reported to be synthesized by a non-ribosomal peptide synthetase (NRPS) encoded by the Tex1 gene in strain Tv29-8. The present study examined the Tex1 homolog in a commercially relevant T. virens strain, G20. Although the gene in G20 was 99% identical in DNA sequence to Tex1 in the 15.8 kb compared, gene disruption results indicate that it is only responsible for the production of an 18-mer peptaibol, and not 11-mer and 14-mer peptaibols. Additional NRPS adenylate domains were identified in T. virens and one was found to be part of a 5-module NRPS gene. Although the multimodule gene is not needed for peptaibol synthesis, sequence comparisons suggest that two of the individual adenylate domain clones might be part of a separate peptaibol synthesis NRPS gene. The results indicate a significant diversity of NRPS genes in T. virens that is unexpected from the literature.Key words: Hypocrea virens, Gliocladium virens, Trichoderma virens.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

10

Chaverri, Priscila, Gary J. Samuels, and Elwin L. Stewart. "Hypocrea virens sp. nov., the Teleomorph of Trichoderma virens." Mycologia 93, no. 6 (November 2001): 1113. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3761672.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

11

Chaverri, Priscila, Gary J. Samuels, and Elwin L. Stewart. "Hypocrea virens sp. nov., the teleomorph of Trichoderma virens." Mycologia 93, no. 6 (November 1, 2001): 1113–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00275514.2001.12063245.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

12

Earp, Lawrence, Gordon K. Greene, and Terence Scully. "French Secular Music: Virelais." Notes 46, no. 1 (September 1989): 218. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/940770.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

13

Chaudhary, Balkishan, Sanjeev Kumar, and Shiva Kant Kushwaha. "Bio-efficacy of Trichoderma species against Pigeonpea wilt pathogen." Journal of Applied and Natural Science 9, no. 4 (December 1, 2017): 2327–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.31018/jans.v9i4.1531.

Full text

Abstract:

Three biocontrol agent viz., Trichoderma viride, Trichoderma virens and Trichoderma harzianum were evaluated to test the antagonism against Fusarium udum under in vitro conditions. All the three biocontrol agents have the potential of parasitizing the growth of Fusarium udum in vitro. The rate of parasitism was found fastest in T. viride (61.12% over growth in 96 hrs) than T. virens and T. harzianum. The volatile compounds from Trichoderma viride suppressed the mycelial growth of Fusarium udum by 43.13% and found effective when compared to Tricho-derma virens and Trichoderma harzianum. Non-volatile compounds or culture filtrate from Trichoderma virens at 15% concentration shows complete mycelial inhibition of the test fungi. The antagonist T. virens was chosen to be the most promising bio-control agent for F. udum.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

14

Putri, Dyan Meiningsasi. "Fenologi Rhododendron spp. (Subgenus Vireya) Koleksi Kebun Raya Eka Karya Bali." Jurnal Hortikultura 21, no. 3 (October 13, 2016): 232. http://dx.doi.org/10.21082/jhort.v21n3.2011.p232-244.

Full text

Abstract:

Hingga saat ini belum banyak data hasil penelitian tentang fenologi Rhododendron spp. Penelitian fenologi Rhododendron spp. sangat dibutuhkan untuk upaya pengembangan pemanfaatan koleksi. Studi fenologi Rhododendron spp. (Subgenus Vireya) telah dilakukan di pembibitan Kebun Raya Eka Karya Bali dari bulan Januari 2008 sampai dengan Desember 2010. Penelitian bertujuan untuk mengetahui fenologi Rhododendron spp. (Subgenus Vireya). Metode yang digunakan ialah model kelas/grading. Dari hasil pengamatan masa berbunga dan berbuah 14 jenis Rhododendron spp. yang dipelajari diketahui bahwa Rhododendron dapat dikelompokkan menjadi tiga yaitu: (1). Rhododendron yang berbunga pada bulan–bulan tertentu saja, (2) Rhododendron yang berbunga sepanjang tahun, dan (3). Rhododendron yang belum atau tidak berbunga. Faktor lingkungan seperti suhu dan kelembaban udara juga mempengaruhi jumlah jenis Rhododendron yang dapat berbunga dan berbuah. Bulan Mei merupakan bulan di mana paling banyak jenis Rhododendron yang berbunga, sedangkan untuk masa buah siap panen bervariasi tiap tahunnya. Hasil penelitian ini dapat dimanfaatkan untuk meningkatkan jumlah koleksi Rhododendron spp. koleksi Kebun Raya Eka Karya Bali, dasar untuk penelitian kawin silang (breeding), dan pengoleksian biji (seed bank).<br /><br /><br />Until now there are a lot of data resulted from phenology researches on of Rhododendron spp. Phenology research of Rhododendron spp. is needed to develop utility of their collection. The phenology study of Rhododendron spp. (subgenus vireya) was conducted at Bali Botanical Garden from January 2008 to Desember 2010. This study aimed to determine the phenology of Rhododendron spp. (subgenus vireya). The method used was the classroom/grading model. From the observation it was known period of flowering and fruiting 14 species of Rhododendron and grouped into three categories, namely: (1) Rhododendron which blooming in certain month only, (2) Rhododendron which blooming throughout the year, and (3) Rhododendron which not or not yet flowering. Environmental factors such as temperature and humidity also affected the amount of Rhododendron species that can flower and bear fruit. May was the appropriate month for flowering of the Rhododendron where most species flowered, while for the fruit ready for harvest varied each year. The results of this study could be used to increase the number of Rhododendron spp. collections in Bali Botanical Gardens, the basis for intercross research (breeding), and collecting of seeds (seed banks).

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

15

Sopialena, Sopialena. "Test the potensial use of Trichoderma harzianum Rifai and Gliocladium virens Arx fungi to control leaf spot disease in cayenne pepper (Capsicum frutescens L.)." Jurnal Agroekoteknologi Tropika Lembab 1, no. 1 (July 31, 2019): 61. http://dx.doi.org/10.35941/jatl.1.1.2018.1511.61-66.

Full text

Abstract:

This study aims to determine the effect of effective administration and dose of antagonistic fungus Trichoderma harzianum and Gliocladium virens that can suppress the intensity of disease attacks. So this indirectly has an effect to increase yield on cayenne pepper (Capsicum frutescens L.). This research is done about 4 months from May until August 2017 starting from preparation of research of Harvest. This research was conducted at Jl. Struggle 9 Village South Sempaja, North Samarinda District, Samarinda City and the Laboratory of Plant Disease Pest Faculty of Agriculture Mulawarman University. This study used Competely Randomized Design (CRD) consisting of six treatments and five replications. Without treatment (p0), Trichoderma harzianum with a dose of 24 g (p1), Gliocladium virens at a dose of 24 g (p2), 6 g T. harzianum + 18 g G. virens (p3), 12 g T. harzianum + 12 g G virens (p4), 18 g T. harzianum + 6 g G. virens (p5). The results showed that treatment of p1 with a dose of 24 grams Trichoderma harzianum able to suppress the intensity of disease attacks up to 17.08%. Treatment p2 with a dose of 24 grams Gliocladium virens is able to increase fruit weight to 19.95 grams.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

16

Afriani, Astri, Maria Heviyanti, and Fitra syawal Harahap. "Effectiveness of gliocladium virens in controlling Fusarium oxysporum F. sp. capsici disease on chilli plant." Jurnal Pertanian Tropik 6, no. 3 (December 1, 2019): 403–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.32734/jpt.v6i3.3187.

Full text

Abstract:

Wilt disease which is caused by Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. capsici is one of the importantdiseases in chili plants that can reduce growth, fruits yield, quality, and chili production. Thisfungus comes inside the vascular bundle through the root tissue and quickly colonizes in xylemvessels and causing typical wilt symptoms on plants. In line with the development of organicfarming systems, biological control by using biological agents is the prospective method incontrolling diseases on the plant. Gliocladium virens are one of the biological agents that obstruct thespreading of disease. The aim of this study was to determine the effectiveness of Gliocladiumvirens in controlling Fusarium oxysporum f. Sp. Capsici on chili plant. This research usedrandomized block design with two factors: 1 The Time application of Gliocladium virens (W)factor; 2. Dosages of Gliocladium virens (D). The results show that on the treatment time ofapplication of Gliocladium virens W1 of 0.06, W2 of 0.05, W3 of 0.09 and W4 of 0.08 were notsignificantly different. The treatment given Gliocladium virens disease intensity at week 3 waslower that is equal to 0.125% compared to without treatment of G. virens (D0) the intensity ofthe disease at week 3 was higher at 1%.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

17

Craven, L. A., L. A. Goetsch, B. D. Hall, and G. K. Brown. "Classification of the Vireya group of Rhododendron (Ericaceae)." Blumea - Biodiversity, Evolution and Biogeography of Plants 53, no. 2 (October 29, 2008): 435–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.3767/000651908x608070.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

18

ATKINSON, RUTH, KWITON JONG, and GEORGE ARGENT. "CHROMOSOME NUMBERS OF SOME TROPICAL RHODODENDRONS (SECTION VIREYA)." Edinburgh Journal of Botany 57, no. 1 (March 2000): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0960428600000019.

Full text

Abstract:

Chromosome counts for 27 species plus one intersubsectional hybrid are presented from all seven subsections of section Vireya in the genus Rhododendron. Twenty-three are new, and five confirm previously published counts. The plants originate from a wide geographical and altitudinal range; all have a uniform somatic number of 2n=26.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

19

Argumedo-Delira, Rosalba, Mario J. Gómez-Martínez, and Ramiro Uribe-Kaffure. "Trichoderma Biomass as an Alternative for Removal of Congo Red and Malachite Green Industrial Dyes." Applied Sciences 11, no. 1 (January 5, 2021): 448. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app11010448.

Full text

Abstract:

The present study evaluated the removal efficiency of two dyes, Congo red (CR) and malachite green (MG), using either fresh or dry fungal biomass of two species of Trichoderma (T. virens and T. viride) and activated carbon. After 24 h, the CR removal efficiency obtained with fresh biomass was higher than that obtained with activated carbon. For the MG dye, the average removal with activated carbon (99%) was higher than those obtained with dry and fresh biomass of T. viride and T. virens. Experimental results for fresh and dry fungal biomass showed a good correlation with Langmuir isotherms. The adsorption rates of CR and MG by of T. virens and T. viride can be more appropriately described using the pseudo-second-order rate. We found an adsorption capacity of 81.82 mg g−1 for T. virens with MG dye. Results show that fresh or dry biomass of T. virens can represent a simple and cost-effective alternative for removing industrial dyes such as CR and MG.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

20

Yang, Xue, Mohamed N. Al-Attala, Yong Zhang, Ai-Fang Zhang, Hao-Yu Zang, Chun-Yan Gu, Tong-Chun Gao, et al. "Rapid Detection of Ustilaginoidea virens from Rice using Loop-Mediated Isothermal Amplification Assay." Plant Disease 102, no. 9 (September 2018): 1741–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/pdis-01-18-0065-re.

Full text

Abstract:

Ustilaginoidea virens is an important fungus that causes rice false smut disease. This disease significantly reduces both grain yield and quality. Various methods have been developed for the detection of U. virens but most of these methods need sophisticated equipment such as a thermal cycler. Here, we present a loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) assay for the specific detection of U. virens. This assay used a specific region of the UvG-β1 gene (212-bp region) to design six LAMP primers. The LAMP assay was optimized by the combination of rapidity, simplicity, and high sensitivity for the detection of about 1 pg of target genomic DNA in the reaction whereas, with polymerase chain reaction (PCR), there was no amplification of DNA with concentrations less than 1 ng. Among the genomic DNA of 22 fungus species and two strains of U. virens, only the tube containing the DNA of U. virens changed to yellowish green with SYBR Green I. The color change was indicative of DNA amplification. No DNA was amplified from either the other 22 fungus species or the negative control. Moreover, 20 spikelets and 22 rice seed samples were used for the detection of rice false smut via LAMP. The results were comparable with conventional PCR. We conclude that gene UvG-β1 coupled with LAMP assay, can be used for the detection and identification of U. virens gene via LAMP.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

21

Rosmini, Rosmini, Nur Hayati, Burhanuddin Nasir, Flora Pasaru, and Sri Anjar Lasmini. "Pengaruh dekomposisi Trichoderma virens pada berbagai jenis kompos kotoran ternak untuk menekan penyakit busuk pangkal batang bawang merah." AGROMIX 11, no. 2 (August 16, 2020): 177–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.35891/agx.v11i2.2081.

Full text

Abstract:

Palu Valley shallot production is still very low namely 5.31 tonnes/ha when compared to national production which reaches 9.7 tonnes/ha, this is due to the attack of the base stem rot disease caused by Fusarium oxsyporum f.sp. cepae. This study aims to determine the effect of various types of organic fertilizer decomposed by Trichoderma virens on the incidence of stem rot disease and shallot yields. The research was conducted at the Laboratory of Pests and Plant Diseases, Faculty of Agriculture, Tadulako University, and shallot planting in Oloboju Village, Sigi Biromaru District, Sigi Regency, Central Sulawesi Province and lasted from March 2018 to August 2018. This research used a Randomized Block Design (RBD) with five treatments consisting of, without organic fertilizer (B0), cow manure 10 tons/ha + Trichoderma virens 100g/L (B1), chicken manure 10 tons/ha + T. virens 100g/L (B2), goat manure 10 tons/ha + T. virens 100g/L (B3), and petrogenic 5 tons/ha+ T. virens 100g/L (B4). The results showed that the use of 10 tons/ha cow manure decomposed by T. virens (B1) can reduce the intensity of stem rot disease on the Palu Valley shallot which is 5.61% to be 1.88% (3rd week) and 2.89% to be 0.98% (7th week), and increase shallot yield from 4.09 tons/ha to be 7.48 tons/ ha.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

22

Ais, Chatamarrasjid. "ULTRA VIRES DAN PERTANGGUNGJAWABAN DIREKSI." Jurnal Hukum & Pembangunan 32, no. 3 (June 19, 2017): 328. http://dx.doi.org/10.21143/jhp.vol32.no3.1343.

Full text

Abstract:

Perbuatan hukum perseroan atau direksi sebagai agen dari perseroan dikatakan ultra vires bila melampaui batas wewenang yang tercantum dalam anggaran dasar dan peraturan perundang-undangan. Wewenang direksi dibatasi oleh anggaran dasar dan tujuan perseroan. Perbuatan hukum yang melampaui wewenang direksi sebagaimana tercantum dalam anggaran dasar, dan atau yang bertentangan dengan tujuan perseroan, tetap ultra vires walaupun disetujui oleh RapatUmum Pemegang Saham. Bila tujuan perseroan lebih dari satu, maka masing-masing tujuan bersifat independen. Doktrin ultra vires dimaksudkan untuk melindungi para investor/pemegang saham, yaitu untuk mencegah direksi melakukan perbuatan ultra vires. atau kemudian untuk memperoleh ganti kerugian dari perseroan (aspek internal dari ultra vires). Aspek eksternal dari ultra vires, adalah persoalan apakah kontrak ultra vires mengikat pihak ketiga dan perseroan bersangkutan. Pada dasarnya suatu kontrak "ultra vires" adalah tidak sah (unlawful). Kasus ultra vires, kadang-kadang berbaur dengan kasus "fiduciary duty".

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

23

Levačić, Patrick. "Tko je autor starofrancuskoga virelaia iz katedrale sv. Stošije u Zadru?" Croatica et Slavica Iadertina 16, no. 2 (March 1, 2021): 359–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.15291/csi.3246.

Full text

Abstract:

Starofrancuski virelai iz 14. stoljeća, otkriven za vrijeme restauriranja korskih sjedala u zadarskoj stolnoj crkvi 1969. godine, najstariji je notni zapis svjetovne glazbe u Hrvatskoj. Notni zapis popraćen je starofrancuskim ljubavnim stihovima koje je anonimni francuski pjesnik kreirao tako da se, među ostalim, inspirirao Romanom o Ruži, remek-djelom francuskoga 13. stoljeća. Do sada su otkrivene tri verzije iste pjesme: pariška, bolonjska i zadarska. Dosadašnja istraživanja pokazala su da sve tri verzije potječu od jednoga jedinstvenog izvora. Zadarski tekst (virelai) ukazuje da je original nastao na sjeveru Francuske, točnije u Pikardiji. Cilj je rada analizirati književnu strukturu virelaia i ukazati na pojedine elemente te strukture koje se mogu sagledati iz prizme srednjovjekovne francuske lirike. Na temelju izdvojenih elemenata odgovorit ćemo kojemu se francuskom književniku može najviše približiti zadarski virelai. Naša je hipoteza da on najviše odgovara poetici srednjovjekovnoga francuskog književnika Jeana Froissarta (1337. – 1405.). On je podrijetlom iz sjeverne Francuske odnosno Pikardije, mnogo je putovao Italijom, pisao je romane po uzoru na Lancelota, a lirske pjesme kao virelai piše po uzoru na Guillaumea de Machauta te se također inspirira Romanom o Ruži. Konkretna sadržajna specifičnost koja ga neposredno povezuje sa zadarskim ljubavnim stihovima pojavljuje se preko djela Le dit du chevalier bleu.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

24

Wei, Songhong, Yingling Wang, Jianming Zhou, Shibo Xiang, Wenxian Sun, Xunwen Peng, Jing Li, Yingfan Hai, Yan Wang, and Shuai Li. "The Conserved Effector UvHrip1 Interacts with OsHGW and Infection of Ustilaginoidea virens Regulates Defense- and Heading Date-Related Signaling Pathway." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 21, no. 9 (May 10, 2020): 3376. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms21093376.

Full text

Abstract:

Ustilaginoidea virens, which causes rice false smut (RFS), is one of the most detrimental rice fungal diseases and poses a severe threat to rice production and quality. Effectors in U. virens often act as a group of essential virulence factors that play crucial roles in the interaction between host and the pathogen. Thus, the functions of individual effectors in U. virens need to be further explored. Here, we demonstrated a small secreted hypersensitive response-inducing protein (hrip), named UvHrip1, which was highly conserved in U. virens isolates. UvHrip1 was also proven to suppress necrosis-like defense symptoms in N. benthamiana induced by the oomycete elicitor INF1. The localization of UvHrip1 was mainly in the nuclei and cytoplasm via monitoring the UvHrip1-GFP fusion protein in rice cells. Furthermore, Y2H and BiFC assay demonstrated that UvHrip1 interacted with OsHGW, which is a critical regulator in heading date and grain weight signaling pathways in rice. Expression patterns of defense- and heading date-related genes, OsPR1#051 and OsMYB21, were down-regulated over U. virens infection in rice. Collectively, our data provide a theory for gaining an insight into the molecular mechanisms underlying the UvHrip1 virulence function.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

25

Korneyev, S. "Description of Third Instar Larvae of Terellia Colon and T. Virens (Diptera, Tephritidae)." Vestnik Zoologii 42, no. 2 (January 1, 2008): e-24-e-31. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/v10058-008-0003-5.

Full text

Abstract:

Description of Third Instar Larvae ofTerellia ColonandT. Virens(Diptera, Tephritidae)Third instar larvae of T. colon (Meigen, 1826) and T. virens (Loew, 1846) are described and figured for the first time based on material from Kyiv Region (Ukraine).

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

26

Iapichino, Giovanni, Tony H. H. Chen, and Leslie H. Fuchigami. "Adventitious Shoot Production from a Vireya Hybrid of Rhododendron." HortScience 26, no. 5 (May 1991): 594–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.26.5.594.

Full text

Abstract:

An efficient adventitious shoot production protocol has been developed for Rhododendron laetum × aurigeranum. Shoot tips taken from greenhouse-grown plants were cultured on Anderson's medium supplemented with 74 μM 2iP. Axillary shoots were excised and cultured on medium containing 23 μM IAA and 74 μM 2iP. After 6 months, brown callus developed at the cut surfaces of the shoot-tip explants. This callus produced many adventitious shoots (up to 70 per explant). Clusters of adventitious shoots were divided, subculture, and continued to proliferate shoots. An estimated 1600-fold increase in the number of shoots could be readily achieved in 6 months. In vitro rooting of adventitious shoots was accomplished in 4 weeks. Seventy-three percent of shoots rooted on 1/4 strength Anderson's medium supplemented with 28 μm IAA. Plantlet survival was 100%3 weeks after transfer to soil. Chemical names used: 1-H-indole-3-acetic acid (MA); N-(3 -methy1-2-butenyl) -1H-purine-6 amine (2iP).

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

27

Harborne, Jeffrey B. "Flavonoid patterns and phytogeography: the genus Rhododendron section Vireya." Phytochemistry 25, no. 7 (January 1986): 1641–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0031-9422(00)81226-1.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

28

Howell, C. R., L. E. Hanson, R. D. Stipanovic, and L. S. Puckhaber. "Induction of Terpenoid Synthesis in Cotton Roots and Control of Rhizoctonia solani by Seed Treatment with Trichoderma virens." Phytopathology® 90, no. 3 (March 2000): 248–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/phyto.2000.90.3.248.

Full text

Abstract:

Research on the mechanisms employed by the biocontrol agent Trichoderma virens to suppress cotton (Gossypium hirsutum) seedling disease incited by Rhizoctonia solani has shown that mycoparasitism and antibiotic production are not major contributors to successful biological control. In this study, we examined the possibility that seed treatment with T. virens stimulates defense responses, as indicated by the synthesis of terpenoids in cotton roots. We also examined the role of these terpenoid compounds in disease control. Analysis of extracts of cotton roots and hypocotyls grown from T. virens-treated seed showed that terpenoid synthesis and peroxidase activity were increased in the roots of treated plants, but not in the hypocotyls of these plants or in the untreated controls. Bioassay of the terpenoids for toxicity to R. solani showed that the pathway intermediates desoxyhemigossypol (dHG) and hemigossypol (HG) were strongly inhibitory to the pathogen, while the final product gossypol (G) was toxic only at a much higher concentration. Strains of T. virens and T. koningii were much more resistant to HG than was R. solani, and they thoroughly colonized the cotton roots. A comparison of biocontrol efficacy and induction of terpenoid synthesis in cotton roots by strains of T. virens, T. koningii, T. harzianum, and protoplast fusants indicated that there was a strong correlation (+0.89) between these two phenomena. It, therefore, appears that induction of defense response, particularly terpenoid synthesis, in cotton roots by T. virens may be an important mechanism in the biological control by this fungus of R. solani-incited cotton seedling disease.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

29

Wilhite, S. E., R. D. Lumsden, and D. C. Straney. "Peptide Synthetase Gene in Trichoderma virens." Applied and Environmental Microbiology 67, no. 11 (November 1, 2001): 5055–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aem.67.11.5055-5062.2001.

Full text

Abstract:

ABSTRACT Trichoderma virens (synonym, Gliocladium virens), a deuteromycete fungus, suppresses soilborne plant diseases caused by a number of fungi and is used as a biocontrol agent. Several traits that may contribute to the antagonistic interactions ofT. virens with disease-causing fungi involve the production of peptide metabolites (e.g., the antibiotic gliotoxin and siderophores used for iron acquisition). We cloned a 5,056-bp partial cDNA encoding a putative peptide synthetase (Psy1) fromT. virens using conserved motifs found within the adenylate domain of peptide synthetases. Sequence similarities with conserved motifs of the adenylation domain, acyl transfer, and two condensation domains support identification of the Psy1 gene as a gene that encodes a peptide synthetase. Disruption of the native Psy1 gene through gene replacement was used to identify the function of this gene. Psy1 disruptants produced normal amounts of gliotoxin but grew poorly under low-iron conditions, suggesting that Psy1 plays a role in siderophore production. Psy1 disruptants cannot produce the major T. virens siderophore dimerum acid, a dipetide of acylatedN δ-hydroxyornithine. Biocontrol activity against damping-off diseases caused byPythium ultimum and Rhizoctonia solani was not reduced by the Psy1 disruption, suggesting that iron competition through dimerum acid production does not contribute significantly to disease suppression activity under the conditions used.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

30

Fang, Anfei, Yanqing Han, Nan Zhang, Min Zhang, Lijuan Liu, Shuai Li, Fen Lu, and Wenxian Sun. "Identification and Characterization of Plant Cell Death–Inducing Secreted Proteins From Ustilaginoidea virens." Molecular Plant-Microbe Interactions® 29, no. 5 (May 2016): 405–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/mpmi-09-15-0200-r.

Full text

Abstract:

Ustilaginoidea virens (Cooke) Takah (telemorph Villosiclava virens) is an ascomycetous fungus that causes rice false smut, one of the most important rice diseases. Fungal effectors often play essential roles in host-pathogen coevolutionary interactions. However, little is known about the functions of U. virens effectors. Here, we performed functional studies on putative effectors in U. virens and demonstrated that 13 of 119 putative effectors caused necrosis or necrosis-like phenotypes in Nicotiana benthamiana. Among them, 11 proteins were confirmed to be secreted, using a yeast secretion system, and the corresponding genes are all highly induced during infection, except UV_44 and UV_4753. Eight secreted proteins were proven to trigger cell death or defenses in rice protoplasts and the secretion signal of these proteins is essential for their cell death–inducing activity. The ability of UV_44 and UV_1423 to trigger cell death is dependent on the predicted serine peptidase and ribonuclease catalytic active sites, respectively. We demonstrated that UV_1423 and UV_6205 are N-glycosylated proteins, which glycosylation has different impacts on their abilities to induce cell death. Collectively, the study identified multiple secreted proteins in U. virens with specific structural motifs that induce cell death or defense machinery in nonhost and host plants.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

31

Huang, Shiwen, Lianmeng Liu, Ling Wang, and Yuxuan Hou. "Research on Advance of Rice False Smut Ustilaginoidea virens (Cooke) Takah Worldwide: Part II. Studies Progress on the Pathogen and Its Toxin of U. virens." Journal of Agricultural Science 11, no. 15 (September 15, 2019): 251. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/jas.v11n15p251.

Full text

Abstract:

In this part, the history of the study on RFS pathogen U. virens was reviewed, including the pathogen naming and the change process, morphological characteristics of U. virens and culture characters both of asexual and sexual stages, and mycelium, chlamydospore, conidiophore and sclerotium germination. Genetic diversity, pathogenicity, the strain-host interaction, host range of U. virens and it’s early detection were also discussed. The research of Ustiloxins of RFS, including biological activity, toxicity to plants and animal, the potential possibility utilization of Ustiloxins, for example use as screening agent for rice varieties resistance to RFS, and anticancer drugs.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

32

Kumar, Ramesh, Sanjeev Kumar, and Balkishan Chaudhary. "Effects of Trichoderma Species on the Growth of Fusarium Verticillioides." Bangladesh Journal of Botany 50, no. 2 (June 18, 2021): 423–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjb.v50i2.54101.

Full text

Abstract:

Six biocontrol treatments viz., Trichoderma viride, Trichoderma virens, Trichoderma harzianum, T. harzianum + T. viride, T. harzianum + T. virens and T. viride + T. virens were evaluated to test the antagonism against Fusarium verticillioides under in vitro conditions. The maximum growth inhibition (90.6%) was recorded in consortium of T. harzianum + T. viride in dual culture technique . The volatile and non volatile compounds from the consortium of T. harzianum + T. viride also found best and suppressed the mycelial growth of F. verticillioides to the tune of 83.90 and 84.61 %, respectively. Bangladesh J. Bot. 50(2): 423-425, 2021 (June)

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

33

de Silva, Amal, Keith Patterson, Craig Rothrock, and James Moore. "Growth Promotion of Highbush Blueberry by Fungal and Bacterial Inoculants." HortScience 35, no. 7 (December 2000): 1228–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.35.7.1228.

Full text

Abstract:

The highbush blueberry cultivar Bluecrop was inoculated with potential plant growth-promoting (PGPR) candidates, including bacterial inoculants Pseudomonas fluorescens (Migula) (strains Pf 5, PRA 25, 105, or 101), Bacillus pumilus (Mayer and Gottheil) (strain T4), Pseudomonas corrugata (Roberts and Scarlett) (strain 114), and fungal isolates Gliocladium virens (Miller et al., Von Arx) (strain Gl.21) and Trichoderma harzianum (Rifai) (strain T 22). Addition of G. virens to pasteurized soil increased leaf area and the number of leaves produced in a 4-month growth period, as well as shoot content of P, Zn and Cu in 1997. Treatment with P. fluorescens Pf 5 increased leaf area and stem diameter. In nonpasteurized soil, plants inoculated with G. virens had greater leaf area, stem diameter, shoot and root dry weight, and more leaves per plant. These results demonstrate the potential of G. virens for increasing growth when used to inoculate blueberry plants in the nursery or at transplanting.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

34

Santos, Otilene dos Anjos, Antonio Carlos Webber, and Flávia Regina Capellotto Costa. "Biologia reprodutiva de Psychotria spectabilis Steyrm. e Palicourea cf. virens (Poepp & Endl.) Standl. (Rubiaceae) em uma floresta tropical úmida na região de Manaus, AM, Brasil." Acta Botanica Brasilica 22, no. 1 (March 2008): 275–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0102-33062008000100025.

Full text

Abstract:

Este estudo descreve a fenologia reprodutiva, morfologia e biologia floral, polinização e sucesso reprodutivo de Psychotria spectabilis e Palicourea cf. virens. Psychotria spectabilis floresceu de setembro a dezembro enquanto Palicourea cf. virens floresceu de maio a outubro. As inflorescências de Psychotria spectabilis são inflorescências terminais do tipo capítulo, com brácteas amarelas, flores brancas e heterostilia associada a diferenças na papila estigmática. Palicourea cf. virens apresenta inflorescências terminais do tipo corimbo, com flores amarelas homostílicas. Os recursos florais oferecidos foram néctar e pólen em ambas as espécies. Os beija-flores Phaethornis bourcieri e o macho de Thalurania furcata foram os principais visitantes florais de Psychotria spectabilis. Palicourea cf. virens também foi visitada por Thalurania furcata, com maior freqüência de visitas pela fêmea desta espécie. A abelha Trigona fulviventris visitou as flores das duas espécies, mas se comportou como pilhadora. O sucesso reprodutivo pré-emergente (SRPE) das duas espécies foi baixo, embora tenham apresentado um alto potencial reprodutivo.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

35

Sun, Wenxian, Jing Fan, Anfei Fang, Yuejiao Li, Muhammad Tariqjaveed, Dayong Li, Dongwei Hu, and Wen-Ming Wang. "Ustilaginoidea virens: Insights into an Emerging Rice Pathogen." Annual Review of Phytopathology 58, no. 1 (August 25, 2020): 363–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1146/annurev-phyto-010820-012908.

Full text

Abstract:

False smut of rice, caused by Ustilaginoidea virens, has become one of the most important diseases in rice-growing regions worldwide. The disease causes a significant yield loss and imposes health threats to humans and animals by producing mycotoxins. In this review, we update our understanding of the pathogen, including the disease cycle and infection strategies, the decoding of the U. virens genome, comparative/functional genomics, and effector biology. Whereas the decoding of the U. virens genome unveils specific adaptations of the pathogen in successfully occupying rice flowers, progresses in comparative/functional genomics and effector biology have begun to uncover the molecular mechanisms underlying U. virens virulence and pathogenicity. We highlight the identification and characterization of the produced mycotoxins and their biosynthetic pathways in U. virens.The management strategies for this disease are also discussed. The flower-specific infection strategy makes the pathogen a unique tool to unveil novel mechanisms for the interactions between nonobligate biotrophic pathogens and their hosts.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

36

Puspita, Fifi, Adiwirman Adiwirman, Elza Zuhry, Muhammad Ali, Erlida Ariani, Kausar Kausar, and Rachmad Saputra. "Pemberdayaan petani karet rakyat dalam mengendalikan penyakit jamur akar putih dengan teknologi biofungisida tepung berbahan aktif Trichoderma virens endofit di Kecamatan Mempura Kabupaten Siak." Unri Conference Series: Community Engagement 1 (September 27, 2019): 210–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.31258/unricsce.1.210-218.

Full text

Abstract:

Kegiatan pengabdian masyarakat berupa kegiatan Desa Binaan melalui program penerapan teknologi pembuatan formulasi Trichoderma virens endofit dalam formula tepung dilaksanakan di Kelompok Tani Lubuk Betuah, Pelimauan Jaya dan Anugrah di desa Teluk Merempan Kecamatan Mempura Kabupaten Siak. Tujuan kegiatan ini ialah peningkatan pengetahuan, keterampilan anggota kelompok tani dalam pembuatan formulasi Trichoderma virens endofit dalam formula tepung dan Menghasilkan biofungisida berbentuk tepung yang ramah lingkungan sehingga dapat meningkatkan produksi dan kualitas latek, disamping dapat meringankan beban petani terhadap kebutuhan pupuk. Dari kegiatan ini disimpuilkan beberapa hal, yakni : sosialisasi program teknologi pengendalian R. microporus pada kelompok tani sasaran 100% belum mengetahui penggunaan T. virens sebagai biofungisida. Pelatihan pembuatan biofungisida tepung dan cara aplikasi biofungisida untuk pengendalian R. microporus 50% dari kelompok tani sasaran mempunyai keinginan untuk menggunakan biofungisida T. virens. Pendampingan pembuatan biofungisida tepung seluruh peserta pelatihan dapat membuat biofungisida tepung. Kegiatan tahun berikutnya dilakukan monitoring dan evaluasi hasil pengendalian R. microporus dan produksi masal biofungisida tepung untuk meningkatkan pendapatan petani karet.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

37

VILLALOBOS-GUERRERO, TULIO F., and TORKILD BAKKEN. "Revision of the Alitta virens species complex (Annelida: Nereididae) from the North Pacific Ocean." Zootaxa 4483, no. 2 (September 21, 2018): 201. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4483.2.1.

Full text

Abstract:

Alitta virens species complex encompasses elongate nereidids appreciated commercially both in the fishing and aquaculture industries. This complex has been well studied in biological and ecological terms. Nevertheless, detailed taxonomic analyses have scarcely been addressed, to the extent that only a few species in the complex have been recognized as valid but with some difficulties: Alitta brandti Malmgren, 1865 (Sea of Okhotsk), A. grandis (Stimpson, 1853) (northeastern USA) and A. virens (Sars, 1835) (Norway). Whereas, other several species have typically been regarded as synonyms, including those originally described from the North Pacific Ocean: Nereis (Alitta) virens plenidentata Moore, 1909 (California, USA), Nereis dyamusi Izuka, 1912 (Japan) and Nereis foliata Baird, 1863 (Vancouver, Canada). In this study, an examination of the immature and epitoke type and non-type material available for the A. virens species complex from the North Pacific was carried out. Herein, the status of A. brandti as a valid species is reinforced being clearly distinct from A. virens and related species. Alitta dyamusi n. comb., A. plenidentata n. comb. and A. williami nom. nov. are reinstated and transferred to Alitta, the specific epithet of the latter species is a replacement name for Nereis foliata Baird, 1863, which is a junior, primary homonym of Nereis foliata Dalyell, 1853. Lectotypes for A. plenidentata n. comb. and A. williami nom. nov. are designated. The North Pacific species of the A. virens complex, excluding A. plenidentata n. comb. which has several distinctive features that differ from all the Alitta species, are characterized by having homogomph spinigers in both supracicular and subacicular neurochaetae, oral ring with a larger number of rows and paragnaths, and epitoke males with unmetamorphosed pygidium and epitoke-modified chaetae in both neuropodial fascicles. The morphology of epitoke females in the A. virens complex is described for the first time. Identification keys to atoke and epitoke species of this complex are also provided.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

38

Tang, Y. X., J. Jin, D. W. Hu, M. L. Yong, Y. Xu, and L. P. He. "Elucidation of the infection process ofUstilaginoidea virens(teleomorph:Villosiclava virens) in rice spikelets." Plant Pathology 62, no. 1 (May 9, 2012): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-3059.2012.02629.x.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

39

Lestari Magdalena. "UJI FORMULA BIOFUNGISIDA TABLET BERBAHAN AKTIF KONSORSIUM Trichoderma virens ENDOFIT DAN MIKORIZA INDIGENOUS TERHADAP PENYAKIT JAP PADA BIBIT KARET." DINAMIKA PERTANIAN 37, no. 1 (September 15, 2021): 57–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.25299/dp.2021.vol37(1).7719.

Full text

Abstract:

The objective of this research is to determine the effect of biofungicide tablets with active ingredient of the consortium consisted Trichoderma virens endophyte and mycorrhiza indigenous and to get the best formula to control the JAP disease on rubber plant. The research was carried out experimentally by using a completely randomized design (RAL), consisting of 6 treatments and 4 replications in order to obtain 24 experimental units. Each experimental unit consisted of two seeds, so there were 48 rubber seeds. The treatments seed were: F1 (15 ml T. virens endophyte), F2 (15 gr inokulan mychorrhiza), F3 (15 ml T. virens endophyte + 15 gr inokulan mychorrhiza + 100 gr palm fronds powder + 25 gr zeolite + 25 gr tapioca powder), F4 (15 ml T. virens endophyte + 15 gr inokulan mychorrhiza + 100 gr sago powder + 25 gr sago dregs + 25 gr tapioca powder), F5 (15 gr inokulan mychorrhiza + 100 gr solid + 25 gr zeolite + 25 gr tapioca powder) and F6 (15 ml T. virens endophyte + 100 gr cocoa shells powder + 25 gr sago dregs + 25 gr tapioca powder). Parameter observerd were initial symptoms on seedlings, intensity of disease, addition of plant height, stem diameter, and weight of dry seedlings. The data obtained were analyzed for variance followed by further tests of honest real difference (BNJ) at the 5% level. The results indicated that F3 (15 ml T. virens endophyte + 15 gr inokulan mychorrhiza + 100 gr palm fronds powder + 25 gr zeolite + 25 gr tapioca powder) was the best formula in controlling JAP with initial symptoms of infection of 24,50 days with the seedling height was 69,46 cm, stem diameter and dry weight were 6,60 cm and 103,62 gr respectively.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

40

Le Baillif, Anne-Marie. "Autour de la figure de Marie Stuart." Nordlit 15, no. 2 (March 26, 2012): 121. http://dx.doi.org/10.7557/13.2048.

Full text

Abstract:

The Sixteenth century constitutes an inspiration for writers of the nineteenth century. My paper is based on two works: Jean de Virey’s tragédie: Jeanne d’Arques published in 1600; Le quadrille de la duchesse de Berry which took place in 1829. In both the life of Marie, Queen of Scots, is given a political meaning: she was a woman who made herself conspicuous and consequently became a symbol of decadent power.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

41

MAHMUD, YUSMAR, CINDY ROMANTIS, and SYUKRIA IKHSAN ZAM. "EFEKTIVITAS Trichoderma virens DALAM MENGENDALIKAN Ganoderma boninense DI PRE NURSERY KELAPA SAWIT PADA MEDIUM GAMBUT." Jurnal Agroteknologi 11, no. 1 (August 14, 2020): 11. http://dx.doi.org/10.24014/ja.v11i1.8751.

Full text

Abstract:

Palm oil production in Riau continues to increase from year to year. The increase in palm oil production still has obstacles caused by pests and diseases, among others caused by pathogenic fungi, Ganoderma boninense, this fungus causes root rot disease. Control of stem rot disease is needed appropriate techniques, especially controls that are environmentally friendly. One of the uses of biological agents, such as Trichoderma, especially Trichoderma virens. This study aims to obtain a dose of Trichoderma virens that is effective in controlling Ganoderma boninense in oil palm pre nursery on peat medium. This research was conducted at the experimental field of the Faculty of Agriculture and Animal Husbandry of the State Islamic University of Sultan Syarif Kasim Riau. This research was conducted in December 2018 - March 2019. This research was a field experiment (experiment) using a Non Factorial Completely Randomized Design (RAL) by conducting Trichoderma virens test on oil palm seeds with various doses where each treatment was repeated 6 times there are 30 experimental units. The results showed that the parameters observed were macroscopic and microscopic fungi ,in-vitro test, speed of infection, intensity of disease attack, plant height, stem diameter and root root ratio. The results showed that Trichoderma virens fungi can reduce the intensity of fungal disease attack Ganoderma boninense given Trichoderma virens increased the growth of stem diameter of oil palm seedlings.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

42

Wang, Yingling, Jing Li, Shibo Xiang, Jianming Zhou, Xunwen Peng, Yingfan Hai, Yan Wang, Shuai Li, and Songhong Wei. "A putative effector UvHrip1 inhibits BAX-triggered cell death in Nicotiana benthamiana, and infection of Ustilaginoidea virens suppresses defense-related genes expression." PeerJ 8 (June 12, 2020): e9354. http://dx.doi.org/10.7717/peerj.9354.

Full text

Abstract:

Rice false smut (RFS), caused by Ustilaginoidea virens, is one of the most detrimental rice fungal diseases and pose a severe threat to rice production and quality. Effectors in U. virens often act as a set of essential virulence factors that play crucial roles in the interaction between host and the pathogen. Thus, the functions of each effector in U. virens need to be further explored. Here, we performed multiple alignment analysis and demonstrated a small secreted hypersensitive response-inducing protein (hrip), named UvHrip1, was highly conserved in fungi. The predicted SP of UvHrip1 was functional, which guided SUC secreted from yeast and was recognized by plant cells. The localization of UvHrip1 was mainly in the nucleus and cytoplasm monitored through the GFP fusion protein in Nicotiana benthamiana cells. uvhrip1 was drastically up-regulated in the susceptible cultivar LYP9 of rice during the pathogen infection, while did not in the resistant cultivar IR28. We also proved that UvHrip1 suppressed the mammalian BAX-induced necrosis-like defense symptoms in N. benthamiana. Furthermore, patterns of expression of defense-related genes, OsPR1#012 and OsPR10b, were regulated over U. virens infection in rice. Collectively, our data demonstrated that infection of U. virens suppresses defense-related genes expression and UvHrip1 was most likely a core effector in regulating plant immunity.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

43

Lumsden, R. D., C. J. Ridout, M. E. Vendemia, D. J. Harrison, R. M. Waters, and J. F. Walter. "Characterization of major secondary metabolites produced in soilless mix by a formulated strain of the biocontrol fungus Gliocladium virens." Canadian Journal of Microbiology 38, no. 12 (December 1, 1992): 1274–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/m92-210.

Full text

Abstract:

A strain of Gliocladium virens (GL-21 = G-20) formulated in alginate prill was grown for 3 days in a commercial soilless potting medium. Chloroform extractions were separated by thin-layer chromatography and individual bands from G-20 cultures in soilless medium were identified by standards, mass spectrometry, and nuclear magnetic resonance as (i) a mixture of fatty acids, (ii) viridin, (iii) gliotoxin, (iv) dimethylgliotoxin, (v) viridiol, and (vi) a mixture of phenolics including ferulic acid. None of these compounds was detected in the medium not amended with prills of isolate G-20 of G. virens. Other isolates of G. virens, including G-3 and G-9, produced gliovirin and did not produce gliotoxin. Of all the metabolites produced by G-20 in soilless medium, only gliotoxin strongly inhibited germination of sporangia and growth of Pythium ultimum (growth prevention at 1.0 μg/mL), growth of Rhizoctonia solani mycelium (0.5 μg/mL), or germination of sclerotia and growth of Sclerotium rolfsii (50 μg/mL). Viridin was more inhibitory to growth of R. solani (1.0 μg/mL, minimum inhibitory concentration) than to P. ultimum (25 μg/mL) or S. rolfsii (50 μg/mL). Growth of G. virens isolate G-20 was inhibited by 25 μg/mL of viridin but not by 100 μg/mL gliotoxin. In contrast, growth of isolate G-3 was inhibited by 50 μg/mL gliotoxin but not by 100 μg/mL of viridin. Dimethylgliotoxin, fatty acids, and phenolics were not inhibitory to any of the fungi tested. These results suggest that gliotoxin is the major antibiotic metabolite inhibitory to Pythium and Rhizoctonia of this formulated strain of G. virens. This information will be useful for monitoring metabolite production by G. virens, determining optimum gliotoxin production in situ, and improving strain performance for biocontrol of plant pathogens. Key words: antibiotic, biological control, antagonist.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

44

Kushwaha, Shiva Kant, Sanjeev Kumar, and Balkishan Chaudhary. "Efficacy of Trichoderma against Sclerotium rolfsii causing collar rot disease of lentil under in vitro conditions." Journal of Applied and Natural Science 10, no. 1 (March 1, 2018): 307–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.31018/jans.v10i1.1622.

Full text

Abstract:

Three biocontrol agents viz., Trichoderma viride, T. virens and T. harzianum were evaluated to test the antagonism against Sclerotium rolfsii under in vitro conditions. All the three antagonists’ viz., T. viride, T. virens and T. harzianum have shown the potential of parasitizing the growth of Sclerotium rolfsii in vitro. The rate of inhibition was fastest in T. harzianum (63.60%) followed by T virens (51.5 %). Least inhibition was recorded in T. viride (50.85% ) after 72 hours of incubation. However, T. viride showed the highest (91.31%) reduction in sclerotia formation followed by T. harzianum (84.92%) and T. virens (84.29%) after 15 days of incubation. The volatile compounds from Trichoderma viride were found most effective in suppressing the mycelial growth (51.11%) and sclerotia production (95.90%) of the target pathogen. The culture filtrate from both T. harzianum and T. viride (15% concentration) was found very effective in inhibiting the radial growth (57.46 and 49.62%) and sclerotia formation (98.20 and 99.83%) of Sclerotium rolfsii. The antagonists such as T. harzianum and T. viride can be used as a bio-control agent against S. rolfsii under field condition.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

45

Juárez-Aragón, María Cruz, Yolanda del Rocio Moreno-Ramírez, Antonio Guerra-Pérez, Arturo Mora-Olivo, Fabián Eliseo Olazarán-Santibáñez, and Jorge Ariel Torres-Castillo. "Drying Effects on Phenolics and Free Radical-Scavenging Capacity of Rhus pachyrrhachis and Rhus virens Used in Traditional Medicine." Molecules 24, no. 13 (July 2, 2019): 2438. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules24132438.

Full text

Abstract:

Rhus pachyrrhachis and Rhus virens are medicinal plant species with important uses in northeastern Mexico. They belong to a complex of Rhus species called “lantriscos”, which are used for medicinal applications. The medicinal effects of these species are based on traditional use, however, they require phytochemical research to validate their medicinal properties, as well as structural characterization for their correct identification during the collecting practice and uses. The phytochemical potential of aqueous extracts from R. pachyrrhachis and R. virens was analyzed by the quantification of total phenolic content (TPC), free radical-scavenging potential, and total flavonoids, with a comparison of four drying methods, and some phenolic compounds were identified. Furthermore, the stems and leaves of both species were anatomically characterized to establish a differentiation. R. pachyrrhachis and R. virens showed similar values of phytochemical contents, although the TPC content (0.17 mg of gallic acid equivalent per gram of dry weight, GAE/g DW) was higher in R. virens. The drying method used affected the metabolite contents, and this behavior was related to the species. Regarding the phenolic compounds, shikimic acid, galloylquinic acid, and gallic acid were identified in both species, however, quinic acid was only found in Rhus pachyrrhachis, while vanillic acid O-hexoside was identified only in Rhus virens. At the anatomical level, the pubescence associated with trichomes on the leaves of Rhus pachyrrhachis was highlighted as the main differential characteristic.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

46

Kosta-Théfaine, Jean-François. "Les Virelais de Christine de Pizan." Le Moyen Français 48 (January 2001): 123–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1484/j.lmfr.3.65.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

47

Wilhite, S. E., and D. C. Straney. "Timing of gliotoxin biosynthesis in the fungal biological control agentGliocladium virens (Trichoderma virens)." Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology 45, no. 4 (May 1996): 513–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf00578464.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

48

Jones, Richard W., and Joseph G. Hancock. "Conversion of viridin to viridiol by viridin-producing fungi." Canadian Journal of Microbiology 33, no. 11 (November 1, 1987): 963–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/m87-169.

Full text

Abstract:

The fungistatic compound viridin, produced by the fungus Gliocladium virens, was found to be irreversibly reduced to the phytotoxin viridiol in liquid culture. Conversion occurred only in the presence of viridin-producing fungi and was subsequent to viridin production. Radiolabelled viridin was rapidly taken up by the mycelium of G. virens and reduced to radiolabelled viridiol, while labelled viridiol was not taken up to any significant extent by the mycelium. Reduction of viridin to viridiol was independent of culture pH, carbon source, and nitrogen source or quantity. A simple production system consisting of peat moss amended with dextrose and calcium nitrate and inoculated with G. virens supported production of 86 μg viridiol/g peat. This production system, when applied to soil, may have value as a herbicide.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

49

Argent, G. C. G. "New combinations and synonymy in some rhododendrons of section Vireya." Edinburgh Journal of Botany 52, no. 3 (November 1995): 363–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0960428600002079.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

50

Brown, Gillian K., Gareth Nelson, and Pauline Y. Ladiges. "Historical biogeography of Rhododendron section Vireya and the Malesian Archipelago." Journal of Biogeography 33, no. 11 (November 2006): 1929–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2699.2006.01548.x.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

Journal articles on the topic 'Vireyas'

Create a spot-on reference in APA, MLA, Chicago, Harvard, and other styles