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1
Vignest, Romain. "La latinité dans la poésie de Victor Hugo pendant l'exil Virgile, Horace, Lucrèce, Juvénal." L'information littéraire Vol. 59, no. 1 (March 1, 2007): 42–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.3917/inli.591.0042.
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Bills, Charles E., and Daniel C. Whiting. "Major Oil Spills Caused by Hurricane Hugo, St. Croix, U.S. Virgin Islands1." International Oil Spill Conference Proceedings 1991, no. 1 (March 1, 1991): 247–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.7901/2169-3358-1991-1-247.
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ABSTRACT The destruction caused by Hurricane Hugo in September 1989 resulted in two major oil spills on the island of St. Croix, U.S. Virgin Islands. Roughly 10,000 barrels of oil were discharged from damaged storage tanks at the Hess Oil Virgin Islands Corporation (HOVIC), and 14,000 barrels of oil were discharged from the Virgin Islands Water and Power Authority (VIWAPA) facility in Christiansted. Pollution responders overcame the lack of power, water, food, lodging, communications, and transportation to perform an effective cleanup of these spills. This paper presents details of the pollution response effort as coordinated by the federal on-scene coordinator.
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Riffaterre, Michael. "Virgil's Romantic Muse: Rewrites of a Classic in Chateaubriand and Hugo." MLN 110, no. 5 (1995): 1165–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/mln.1995.0091.
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Houghton, L. B. T. "Hugh Last Fellowship: Virgil's fourth Eclogue: a cultural history." Papers of the British School at Rome 80 (September 24, 2012): 337–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0068246212000268.
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Askins, Robert A., and David N. Ewert. "Impact of Hurricane Hugo on Bird Populations on St. John, U.S. Virgin Islands." Biotropica 23, no. 4 (December 1991): 481. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2388270.
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Reilly, Anne E. "The Effects of Hurricane Hugo in Three Tropical Forests in the U.S. Virgin Islands." Biotropica 23, no. 4 (December 1991): 414. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2388260.
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Gasti, Helen. "Three notes on Virgil,Aeneid2." Cambridge Classical Journal 52 (2006): 128–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1750270500000506.
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Aeneas begins his narrative with the story of the Trojan Horse. The Greeks, after constructing a huge wooden horse, within which they hide a great many armed soldiers, flee the land. The Trojans rejoice, thinking that they have driven off their opponents. Lines 27–8 express the joy of the Trojans as they visit the Greek camp:iuuat ire et Dorica castradesertosqueuidere locos litusquerelictumIt is disputed whetherdesertosandrelictumare used with an attributive or predicative function. The repeateddesertus(24huc se prouecti deserto in litore condunt, i.e. the Greeks) directs the reader's attention to its earlier use in an attributive function (‘they hid on thevacant shoreof Tenedos’). The image of the deserted shore of Tenedos is clearly meant to suggest the potential destructiveness of the Doric camp and shore deserted now. Such an interpretation seems to be further supported by the predicative use ofdesertosandrelictum, since we see the Greek camp through the eyes both of Aeneas and of his countrymen.
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Hovasse, Jean-Marc. "Virginie Geisler, Victor Hugo, chiffonnier de la littérature, «Je ne sais pas écrire avec une épingle»." Studi Francesi, no. 178 (LX | I) (April 1, 2016): 138. http://dx.doi.org/10.4000/studifrancesi.2511.
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Eörsi, Anna. "“Imaige A La Vierge Marie” The Hours of Mary Of Burgundy, Her Marriage, and Her Painter, Hugo Van Der Goes." Acta Historiae Artium 61, no. 1 (December 18, 2020): 19–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1556/170.2020.00002.
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AbstractThe Vienna Hours, illuminated by the artist known as the “Master of Mary of Burgundy”, was originally commissioned by Margaret of York. The later parts of the manuscript commemorate the love and marriage between Mary of Burgundy and Maximilian of Habsburg, and their (newborn or expected) child.The miniatures and texts in question convey the same idea expressed on several occasions by the official historian, Jean Molinet: in the Burgundian court, the duchess was venerated as the Virgin Mary (and in consequence of this, Maximilian – and Philip – came to be revered as the Saviour, and Frederick III, Holy Roman Emperor, as the Father). Underlying the tendency to identify Mary of Burgundy with the Virgin Mary was the situation of Burgundy and its heiress, which was understood by means of salvation-historical analogies. In the book of hours, the figures of the two Marys are conflated several times in a variety of ways (fols. 14v, 19v, 43v, 94v, 99v). The hymn in praise of the heavenly joys of the Virgin Mary, which is organically related to the frontispiece image, is thus (also) a chanted sequence for the eternal beatitude of the young bride. The painter conjured up the imaginary figure of Maximilian in the foreground of the two miniatures with window scenes, while the jewels in the border around the image of the Crucifixion scene allude to Margaret of York. These miniatures have a playful tone (as evidenced by the role-swapping between the Marys, the book-within-a-book, picture-within-a-picture, vision-within-a-vision, trompe l’oeil solutions, and the complex dialogue between objects, materials and locations).There are a number of factors supporting the argument that the miniatures, hitherto attributed to the Master of Mary of Burgundy, were illuminated by Hugo van der Goes, who was a resident of the Red Cloister at the time, and that he was commissioned by the Austrian Archduke. The date of 1478 is rendered likely by stylistic and biographical factors (the paintings Hugo made in the cloister, both before and after, his later illness, the visit of Maximilian, the birth of Philip the Handsome). It was also at this time that Jean Molinet wrote Le Chappellet des dames, which makes multiple comparisons between the duchess and the Virgin Mary, and whose imagery is often echoed in the folios of the Vienna Hours. It is possible that the first (co-)owner of the manuscript was Maximilian of Habsburg.
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Miller, Arnold I., Ghislaine Llewellyn, Karla M. Parsons, Hays Cummins, Mark R. Boardman, Benjamin J. Greenstein, and David K. Jacobs. "Effect of Hurricane Hugo on molluscan skeletal distributions,Salt River Bay, St. Croix, U.S. Virgin Islands." Geology 20, no. 1 (1992): 23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1130/0091-7613(1992)020<0023:eohhom>2.3.co;2.
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Ridderbos, Bernhard. "Hugo van der Goes's Death of the Virgin and the Modern Devotion: an analysis of a creative process." Oud Holland - Quarterly for Dutch Art History 120, no. 1-2 (2007): 1–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/187501707x00248.
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Stadler, Ulrich. "Moving Objects, Moved Observers: On the Treatment of the Problem of Relativity in Poetic Texts and Scientific Prose." Science in Context 18, no. 4 (December 2005): 607–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0269889705000682.
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ArgumentWhen Copernicus pointed out that the apparent movement of the sun was in fact the effect of the rotation of the earth, he explained his view by referring to a passage in Virgil's Aeneid. Thus he established the link between science and literature. This topic recurred frequently in both science and literature whenever the question of the relativity of motion arose. In this article, I will focus above all on two authors who took up this question: Ernst Mach and Hugo von Hofmannsthal. Moreover I will try to show the different roles of scientific and literary prose in the works of Mach and in Hofmannsthal's Das Glück am Weg (1893).
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Watlington, R. A., E. Lewis, and D. Drost. "Coordinated management of coastal hazard awareness and preparedness in the USVI." Advances in Geosciences 38 (April 30, 2014): 31–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/adgeo-38-31-2014.
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Abstract. As far back as history has been written in the islands today known as the US Virgin Islands (USVI), residents have had to endure and survive costly and deadly onslaughts from tropical storms such as the 1867 San Narciso Hurricane, Hurricane Hugo and Hurricane Marilyn. Keenly alerted by recent tragic events in the Indian Ocean in 2004, in Haiti in 2010 and in Japan in 2011, the USVI was reminded that it had suffered its greatest tsunami impact in a well-documented event that had followed the 1867 hurricane by fewer than three weeks. To address their community's continual vulnerability to coastal hazards, USVI emergency managers, scientists and educators, assisted by national and regional disaster management agencies and warning programs, have engaged programs for understanding, anticipating and mitigating these hazards. This paper focuses on how three public-serving institutions, the Virgin Islands Territorial Emergency Management Agency (VITEMA), the University of the Virgin Islands and the Caribbean Ocean Observing System have responded to the community's need for improved preparedness through programs of physical preparation, planning, research, observations, education and outreach. This report reviews some of the approaches and activities employed in the USVI in the hope of sharing their benefits with similarly vulnerable coastal communities.
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Edmunds, PJ, and JD Witman. "Effect of Hurricane Hugo on the primary framework of a reef along the south shore of St. John, US Virgin Islands." Marine Ecology Progress Series 78 (1991): 201–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.3354/meps078201.
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Budin, Salina, Koay Mei Hyie, Hamid Yussof, Aulia Ishak, and Rosnani Ginting. "Investigation on Mechanical Properties of Blend Virgin and Recycled Acrylonitrile-Butadiene-Styrene (ABS) in Injection Molding." Key Engineering Materials 833 (March 2020): 8–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.833.8.
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Acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene (ABS) is one of the most widely used plastic. The application of ABS increases rapidly in industries recently. The drawback of the increasing demand of ABS is the increment of ABS waste. Huge increment in ABS waste has led to the increasing of environmental pollution. The demand in green technology and sustainability of resources has urged the need of recycling of ABS waste. However, the mechanical properties of the recycled ABS are deteriorated. Hence, this work aims to study the mechanical properties of blend virgin and recycled ABS. The first sample started with 100wt% of virgin ABS. While the second to eleventh samples was a mixing of virgin and recycled ABS at 10wt% incremental recycled ABS. The last sample was prepared using 100wt% of recycled ABS. The results show that the tensile strength of 100wt% of recycled ABS is slightly decreased as compared to 100wt% virgin ABS. Similar trend was observed on traverse rupture strength (TRS) when the TRS for 100wt% of recycled ABS is lower by 8% when compared to 100wt% of virgin ABS. The most significant change is observed on the impact strength. The impact strength for 100wt% of recycled ABS is substantially dropped by 86% as compared to 100wt% of virgin ABS.
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Ma, Zheng Feei, and Yeong Yeh Lee. "Virgin Coconut Oil and its Cardiovascular Health Benefits." Natural Product Communications 11, no. 8 (August 2016): 1934578X1601100. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1934578x1601100829.
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Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is known as the number one cause of death worldwide. It is associated with huge health care costs and loss of productivity in the population. Poor diet is an important risk factor in CVD. Diet rich in polyunsaturated fatty acids, such as virgin coconut oil (VCO), has been associated with a reduced risk of CVD. This systematic review focused on studies that reported the association between VCO and the biochemical measurements associated with CVD. These studies conclude that VCO shows promising effects in improving the biochemical derangements associated with CVD, thus lowering the CVD risk. However, most of these studies were performed in animals with very limited data from human. Future investigations are needed to examine the health benefits of VCO in human intervention studies.
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Martens, Didier. "Una tabla flamenca procedente de Peñaranda de Bracamonte en el Palacio de Bellas Artes de Lille." De Arte. Revista de Historia del Arte, no. 7 (August 28, 2014): 93. http://dx.doi.org/10.18002/da.v0i7.1388.
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El objetivo del presente artículo es atraer la atención sobre una tabla flamenca de principios del siglo XVI que, en 1901-1903, se encontraba todavía en la iglesia de las Carmelitas descalzas de Peñaranda de Bracamonte (Salamanca). En 1946 esta tabla, de la que parecía haberse olvidado la procedencia española, fue adquirida en París por el Museo del Louvre y depositada en el Palais de Beaux-Arts de Lille. Representa un tema bastante raro: Cristo bendiciendo a María. El pintor debió trabajar en Brujas. De hecho, en otra obra que se le puede atribuir, una Virgen con el Niño rodeada de Santa Catalina y Santa Bárbara, conservada en Florencia, se ha inspira en un modelo utilizado con bastante frecuencia en la pintura de Brujas: la Virgo inter virgines atribuida a Hugo Van der Goes.
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Budin, Salina, Koay Mei Hyie, Normariah Che Maideen, and Nor Azirah Mohd Fohimi. "Effect of Natural Weathering Ageing on Mechanical Properties of Virgin and Recycled Polylactic Acid." Key Engineering Materials 880 (March 2021): 103–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.880.103.
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Due to a huge usage of plastics in the packaging industry, an abundant of plastics wastes is dumped at landfills. The environmental issue has given a serious impact to wildlife and humans. Hence, it is strongly advised to substitute the petroleum-based plastics with other plant-based polymers. One of the most popular bioplastics is polylactic acid (PLA). PLA can be biodegraded and recycled. The aim of this work is to investigate the effect of natural weathering ageing on the mechanical properties of virgin and recycled PLA. The investigation was focused on the tensile strength, transverse rupture strength (TRS) and impact energy. The samples were produced using the injection molding process. The samples were exposed to natural weathering continuously for 150 days. The sample inspection was monitored for every 30 days. The results showed that a decreasing in tensile strength of the recycled PLA was faster as compared to the virgin PLA. After 150 days exposed in natural weathering, there is about 41% reduction in the tensile strength of the recycled PLA. As for virgin PLA, the tensile strength is reduced approximately 11%. Similar trend was observed on the transverse rupture strength. The TRS for virgin PLA has dropped almost 14%. On the other hand, the TRS for recycled PLA declined at 17%. The diminishing in impact energy is more significant where it reduced 56% and 73% for virgin PLA and recycled PLA, respectively.
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Horsfall, Nicholas. "Non Viribus Aequis: Some Problems in Virgil's Battle-Scenes." Greece and Rome 34, no. 1 (April 1987): 48–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0017383500027698.
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Little of the ‘Iliadic’Aeneidis devoted to actual combat: two-fifths of books 7–12, on a generous count. Modern scholarship largely avoids the topic; certainly, Virgil has not yet found his Fenik. This paper grew from a desire to know just what determined victory in Virgilian combat, and though the actual answer may prove simple and unexciting, the question itself sheds new light upon the structure and personalities of the later books. The issue is vastly more complex in Homer's huge battle-scenes: there the ‘serious and grim Achaeans’ are more frequent victors and it is clear that the outcome of many duels will have pre-existed the creation of theIliadand could not be altered. In Homer too, the vastly greater number of heroes developed into figures of individual interest results in the establishment of what is in effect an unofficial ‘rating’ system: not only is ‘The minor warriors of theIliad'substantial and valuable study, but within that group, further clear discriminations of ranking apply: Idomeneus, Antilochus, Helenus, Deiphobus, for example, stand in mid-scale and Homer's system of ‘seeding’ excludes unexpected or improbable winners: thus when Aeneas meets Diomedes inIl.5, he is clearly outclassed, but also, traditionally, survives the battles against the Achaeans. An honourably drawn fight would be too good a result for Aeneas' talents and a divine rescue is an alternative fortunately open to Homer. What then happens in theAeneid?
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Bythell, J. C., M. Bythell, and E. H. Gladfelter. "Initial results of a long-term coral reef monitoring program: Impact of Hurricane Hugo at Buck Island Reef National Monument, St. Croix U.S. Virgin Islands." Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology 172, no. 1-2 (November 1993): 171–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0022-0981(93)90096-7.
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Mazhitova, Zhanna, Aigul Zhalmurzina, Sveta Kolganatova, Aitzhan Orazbakov, and Tastanbek Satbai. "Environmental consequences of Khrushchev’s Virgin Land Campaign in Kazakhstan (1950s–1960s)." E3S Web of Conferences 258 (2021): 05036. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202125805036.
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This paper discusses issues related to environmental problems that arose as a result of the virgin and fallow lands development in Kazakhstan in the second half of the twentieth century. The authors emphasize that the level of agricultural production in the post-war years failed to meet the needs of Soviet citizens. Under these conditions, the massive plowing of land had to solve a whole range of tasks, first of all, to solve the problem of food hunger by means of a huge increase in the area for sowing grain crops. According to the authors, solid tracts of plowed soil, having a dark color, became very hot, provoking drought, which, with chronic manifestation, caused aridization of the entire steppe zone, causing significant drying up of rivers and lakes. The authors believe that large works on the virgin lands development have made serious changes in the nature of the region. Stocks of valuable hunting and game species of animals were undermined, and in some places completely destroyed. Taking advantage of the lack of control, the new settlers along with the local residents, mercilessly consumed the gifts of the environment, which gave rise to massive poaching. The methodological basis of the study was the complex use of various approaches, methods and assessments used in interdisciplinary research.
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Terrones-Saeta, Juan María, Jorge Suárez-Macías, Francisco Antonio Corpas-Iglesias, Valentyn Korobiichuk, and Volodymyr Shamrai. "Development of Ceramic Materials for the Manufacture of Bricks with Stone Cutting Sludge from Granite." Minerals 10, no. 7 (July 10, 2020): 621. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/min10070621.
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The manufacture of bricks for building purposes consumes large quantities of virgin materials, such as clay. On the other hand, the ornamental stone processing industry produces a huge amount of stone cutting sludge in its process. Therefore, this study presents the development of ceramic materials for the manufacture of bricks with stone cutting sludges, more specifically from granite. For this purpose, the physical properties of the stone cutting sludge and the chemical composition were mainly analyzed. Subsequently, different groups of ceramic samples were conformed and sintered with various combinations of clay and of stone cutting sludges. The conformed samples were evaluated with different physical tests and with the compressive strength test. The addition of stone cutting sludges to the ceramics reflected the creation of a material with lower density and higher porosity. The compressive strength of the different groups reflected a maximum allowable percentage of stone cutting sludges incorporation of 70%. Therefore, ceramic materials were developed with stone cutting sludges, developing a sustainable, lighter material with acceptable mechanical and physical characteristics. Avoiding the deposition of a polluting waste in a landfill and at the same time avoiding the extraction of new virgin materials.
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Gedik, Abdulgazi, Abdullah Hilmi Lav, and Musaffa Aysen Lav. "Investigation of alternative ways for recycling waste foundry sand: an extensive review to present benefits." Canadian Journal of Civil Engineering 45, no. 6 (June 2018): 423–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/cjce-2017-0183.
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Foundry sand, an indispensable component of the metal casting process, is discarded after a number of metal casting operations. Virgin sand is then required for any new casting processes, and the spent foundry sand is treated as waste, resulting in huge amounts of discarded sand being either stockpiled or dumped into landfills. This results in a wide scale consumption of natural resources despite the fact that this “waste” can be recycled as a viable resource in various engineering processes. To this end, this study represents a detailed investigation into the possible uses for waste foundry sand. Obtained results concluded that this material can best be utilized in highway and hydraulic barrier construction, as well as low strength concrete production. Thus, the recycling of waste foundry sand results in the conservation and saving of natural and financial resources.
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Weddle, Michael, and Hugo Prado-Monje. "Utilization of Military Support in the Response to Hurricane Marilyn: Implications for Future Military-Civilian Cooperation." Prehospital and Disaster Medicine 14, no. 2 (June 1999): 49–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1049023x00027321.
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AbstractIntroduction:The past decade has been a period of evolution for the Federal disaster response system within the United States. Two domestic hurricanes were pivotal events that influenced the methods used for organizing Federal disaster assistance. The lessons of Hurricane Hugo (1989) and Hurricane Andrew (1992) were incorporated into the successful response to Hurricane Marilyn in the U.S. Virgin Islands in 1995. Following each of these storms, the Department of Defense was a major component of the response by the health sector. Despite progress in many areas, lack of clear communication between military and civilian managers and confusion among those requesting Department of Defense health resources may remain as obstacles to rapid response.Methods:This discussion is based on an unpublished case report utilizing interviews with military and civilian managers involved in the Hurricane Marilyn response.Results:The findings suggest that out-of-channel pathways normally utilized in the warning and emergency phase of the response remained operational after more formal civilian-military communication pathways and local assessment capability had been established.Conclusion:It is concluded that delays may be avoided if the system in place was to make all active pathways for the request and validation of military resources visible to the designated Federal managers located within the area of operations.
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Makhov, Aleksander E. ""...DRAWS US UPWARD". TOPOS IN THE FINAL LINES OF GOETHE’S "FAUST"." RSUH/RGGU Bulletin. "Literary Theory. Linguistics. Cultural Studies" Series, no. 9 (2020): 161–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.28995/2686-7249-2020-9-161-168.
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In the final lines of “Faust” the attention of researchers was primarily attracted by the image of the Eternal Feminine (Das Ewig-Weibliche) that has given rise to a lot of interpretations. However, from the point of view of “Toposforschung” as a philological method developed by Ernst Robert Curtius, the very last line (“Draws us upward” – “Zieht uns hinan”) is no less important: it places the image of the Eternal Feminine in the historical sequence of variations of a topos which expresses the idea of a certain spiritual power that draws man upward. Various concepts can act as such a power: hope (John Chrysostom), wisdom (Hugo of Saint-Victor), right reasoning (anonymous medieval poem), eternity (Walter of Châtillon), anagogical sense in the system of polysemous interpretation of the Bible (Absalon of Springiersbach), Virgin Mary (Hildegard of Bingen), Jesus Christ (Anselm of Canterbury, Georgette de Montenay), poetry (Giovanni Boccaccio). Goethe updates the topos inserting in its scheme a new image of the Eternal Feminine. While the nominative part of the topos (designation of the force acting on man) was continually changing, the predicative part (designation of the action itself) remained unchanged: in all the analyzed examples, as in Goethe’s Faust, there is the verb “to draw” (Latin “trahere”, French “tirer”, German “ziehen”) which shows that the spiritual principle has material power.
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Habieb, Ahmad Basshofi, Federico Milani, Gabriele Milani, and Renato Cerchiaro. "Rubber compounds made of reactivated EPDM for fiber-reinforced elastomeric isolators: an experimental study." Iranian Polymer Journal 29, no. 11 (September 2, 2020): 1031–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s13726-020-00859-9.
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Abstract Rubber recycling technology is a popular issue in many research fields, considering the huge amount of rubber waste in the environment. This paper discusses an application of regenerated ethylene propylene diene monomer (EPDM) to produce vulcanized items such as fiber-reinforced elastomeric isolators (FREIs), which are nowadays considered efficient low-cost seismic protection devices for low rise buildings (e.g., made by masonry) in developing countries. Two types of regenerated EPDM are studies and blended with two different virgin rubbers, Vistalon 3666 and Dutral 4038. The first virgin rubber is used to produce a compound with a hardness of around 30 Shore A, while the latter exhibits 60 Shore A. The present study, which is part of a wider research project aimed at the production of low cost un-bonded seismic isolation devices, focuses exclusively on the determination of both crosslinking degree through rheometer tests and elasticity/mechanical properties of the rubber pads, before and after ageing (hardness, tensile strength, elongation-at-break, stretch-stress behavior before and after ageing). The results show that the compounds with the second reactivated EPDM (type B) exhibit the most satisfactory performance, before and after ageing. This paper discusses also the method of fabrication of FREIs, obtained by the interposition of pads made by the selected recycled rubber and dry glass fiber-reinforced polymer (GFRP) textiles. The hardness tests performed on the sliced FREI specimen indicate that the vulcanization temperature used in the production is roughly suitable to obtain the expected rubber properties.
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Stefanovic-Banovic, Milesa. "Oration of John of Damascus on the feast of annunciation in edition and translation of Gavril Stefanovic-Venclovic." Zbornik Matice srpske za drustvene nauke, no. 164 (2017): 681–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/zmsdn1764681s.
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Gavril Stefanovic Venclovic is, in many ways, a unique figure in Serbian literature. Today, we know this travelling preacher, hieromonk and scribe as the author of a huge collection of handwritings, out of which some less than a half written in folk language. Most of them are translations of Church-Slavonic anthologies to Serbian, with valuable Venclovic?s adaptations and additions to the source text. An Annunciation Day oration by John of Damascus is particularly interesting in that sense. By its dialog form, it was suitable for Venclovic?s literary method, as his numerous additions and adaptations show. Conversations between Archangel Gabriel and Virgin Mary, and Virgin Mary and Joseph get distinct folklore character in Venclovic?s interpretation. This paper brings an overview of Venclovic?s edition of Annunciation Day oration by John of Damascus. In order to provide a broader context, we present a brief history of Annunciation Day celebration, as well as the historical development of this feast?s orations in Christian tradition, with focus on Venclovic?s likely sources. To illustrate his original literal creation, segments without matches in source text are extracted. Language and colloquial tone of Venclovic?s edition have their roots in the source text. However, they are also in line with his enlightenment endeavour, expressed in his effort to reach his listeners in order to pass the orations moral efficiently. For these reasons, Venclovic?s insertions in John?s oration are numerous and represent a sketch of folk spirit from the first half of 18th century, as well as an alternative path along which the written language could have been developed.
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Temesgen, Selamu, Mirko Rennert, Tamrat Tesfaye, and Michael Nase. "Review on Spinning of Biopolymer Fibers from Starch." Polymers 13, no. 7 (April 1, 2021): 1121. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym13071121.
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Increasing interest in bio-based polymers and fibers has led to the development of several alternatives to conventional plastics and fibers made of these materials. Biopolymer fibers can be made from renewable, environmentally friendly resources and can be fully biodegradable. Biogenic resources with a high content of carbohydrates such as starch-containing plants have huge potentials to substitute conventional synthetic plastics in a number of applications. Much literature is available on the production and modification of starch-based fibers and blends of starch with other polymers. Chemistry and structure–property relationships of starch show that it can be used as an attractive source of raw material which can be exploited for conversion into a number of high-value bio-based products. In this review, possible spinning techniques for the development of virgin starch or starch/polymer blend fibers and their products are discussed. Beneficiation of starch for the development of bio-based fibers can result in the sustainable replacement of oil-based high-value materials with cost-effective, environmentally friendly, and abundant products.
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Garnett, Jane, and Gervase Rosser. "The Virgin Mary and the People of Liguria: Image and Cult." Studies in Church History 39 (2004): 280–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0424208400015163.
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We begin with an image, and a story. Explanation will emerge from what follows. Figure 1 depicts a huge wooden statue of the Virgin Mary, once the figurehead on the prow of a ship, but now on the high altar of the church of Saints Vittore and Carlo in Genoa, and venerated as Nostra Signora della Fortuna. On the night of 16-17 January 1636 a violent storm struck the port of Genoa. Many ships were wrecked. Among them was one called the Madonna della Pieta, which had the Virgin as its figurehead. A group of Genoese sailors bought this image as part of the salvage washed up from the sea. First setting it up under a votive painting of the Virgin in the harbour, they repaired it, had it repainted, and on the eve of Corpus Christi brought it to the church of San Vittore, close by the port. A famous blind song-writer was commissioned to write a song in honour of the image. Sailors and groups of young girls went through the streets of the city singing and collecting gifts. The statue became at once the focus of an extraordinary popular cult, thousands of people arriving day and night with candles, silver crowns, necklaces, and crosses in gratitude for the graces which had immediately begun to be granted. Volleys of mortars were let off in celebration. The affair was managed by the sailors who, in the face of mounting criticism and anxiety from local church leaders, directed devotions and even conducted exorcisms before the image. To stem the gathering tide of visitors and claims of miracles, and to try to establish control, the higher clergy first questioned the identity of the statue (some held it to represent, not the Virgin, but the Queen of England); then the statue was walled up; finally the church was closed altogether. Still, devotees climbed into the church, and large-scale demonstrations of protest were held. The archbishop instituted a process of investigation, in the course of which many eye-witnesses and people who claimed to have experienced miracles were interviewed (giving, in the surviving manuscript, rich detail of their responses to the image). Eventually the prohibition was lifted, and from 1637 until well into the twentieth century devotion to Nostra Signora della Fortuna remained strong, with frequent miracles or graces being recorded. So here we have a cult focused on an image of secular origin, transformed by the promotion of the sailors into a devotional object which roused the enthusiasm of thousands of lay people. It was a cult which, significantly, sprang up at a time of unrest in the city of Genoa, and which thus focused pressing issues of authority. The late 163os witnessed growing tension between factions of ‘old’ and ‘new’ nobility, the latter being marked by their hostility to the traditional Genoese Spanish alliance. Hostilities were played out both within the Senate and in clashes in the streets of the city. The cult of Nostra Signora della Fortuna grew up in this context, but survived and developed in subsequent centuries, attracting devotion from all over Italy.
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Dergacheva, Irina. "PRECEDENTIAL INTERTEXT IN THE POEM “THE GRAND INQUISITOR”." Проблемы исторической поэтики 19, no. 2 (May 2021): 125–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.15393/j9.art.2021.9622.
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The poem "The Grand Inquisitor" is part of the novel "The Brothers Karamazov," written by Ivan Karamazov about Christian freedom of will and told by him to his brother Alyosha, who rightly perceived it as an Orthodox theodicy. The article presents an intertextual analysis of the precedent texts used by F. M. Dostoevsky in the poem "The Grand Inquisitor". In particular, the meanings of direct quotations from the New Testament, especially its last book, the Revelation of John the Theologian, and the translated apocrypha "The Walking of the Virgin in Torment" are interpreted; medieval Western European mysteries in the paraphrase of V. Hugo; poetic quotations from the works of A. S. Pushkin, V. A. Zhukovsky, F. I. Tyutchev, which linked together the axiological concepts of the narrative text. Appeals to the precedent texts of world literature contribute to the disclosure of the multifaceted symbolism of the poem, which glorifies the spiritual freedom of humanity as an act of faith, and help to generalize and deepen its axiological discourse. The author analyzes the speech and behavioral tactics of the Grand Inquisitor, based on the substitution of concepts characteristic of the techniques of "black rhetoric". In contrast to the Grand Inquisitor's distortion of cause-and-effect relations and the concepts of good and evil, and his denial of the idea of Christian freedom, direct and indirect quoting of texts that have become part of the heritage of world culture creates a text rich in axiological meanings, designed to influence the spiritual space of the reader, enriching it and orienting it to the correct understanding of eternal truths.
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Sharma, Sanjay, and Jonathan Wong. "Book Review Age-Related Macular Degeneration: A Comprehensive Textbook Edited by D. Virgil Alfaro III, Peter E. Liggett, William F. Mieler, Hugo Quiroz-Mercado, Rama D. Jager, and Yasuo Tano. 364 pp., illustrated. Philadelphia, Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, 2006. $159. 0-7817-3899-7." New England Journal of Medicine 355, no. 14 (October 5, 2006): 1507–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1056/nejmbkrev39704.
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Ghimire, Him Lal. "A Study of Living Godess Kumārī: The Source of Cultural Tourism in Nepal." Gaze: Journal of Tourism and Hospitality 9 (April 30, 2018): 23–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/gaze.v9i0.19718.
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The Kumārī- living goddess, as the spirit of the goddess of power believed to be embodied in a long succession of Nepali virgin girls, has been worshiped for centuries. The Kumārī is a prepubescent girl who is hailed as manifestations of divine and spiritual energy, the living incarnation of the Hindu goddess of power; for Buddhist devotees, the Kumārī is a manifestation of Vajradevi or Tara. The most important requirement is that the girl has never menstruated. Hindu and Buddhist devotees bow their forehead on the toes of the living goddesses the Kumārī with high level of respect to fulfil their wishes. The Kumārī is commonly “Mother Deity or Kumārī ma”. As a Mother Deity it is believed that the Kumārī can transmit power or śakti directly into the bodies of those devotees who come to have her audience (darśana). The Kumārī culture is Nepali’s identity and historical cultural heritage. The Kumārī culture has a huge potential to develop cultural tourism in Nepal however, it has not been well-known to the rest of the world adequately. It is one of the country’s oldest tradition and should be preserved.The Gaze: Journal of Tourism and Hospitality Vol.9 2018 p.23-42
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Yaacob, Nor Suhaila, Mohd Fadzli Ahmad, Nobuyuki Kawasaki, Maegala Nallapan Maniyam, Hasdianty Abdullah, Emi Fazlina Hashim, Fridelina Sjahrir, Wan Muhammad Ikram Wan Mohd Zamri, Kazuhiro Komatsu, and Victor S. Kuwahara. "Kinetics Growth and Recovery of Valuable Nutrients from Selangor Peat Swamp and Pristine Forest Soils Using Different Extraction Methods as Potential Microalgae Growth Enhancers." Molecules 26, no. 3 (January 27, 2021): 653. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules26030653.
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Soil extracts are useful nutrients to enhance the growth of microalgae. Therefore, the present study attempts for the use of virgin soils from Peninsular Malaysia as growth enhancer. Soils collected from Raja Musa Forest Reserve (RMFR) and Ayer Hitam Forest Reserve (AHFR) were treated using different extraction methods. The total dissolved nitrogen (TDN), total dissolved phosphorus (TDP), and dissolved organic carbon (DOC) concentrations in the autoclave methods were relatively higher than natural extraction with up to 132.0 mg N/L, 10.7 mg P/L, and 2629 mg C/L, respectively for RMFR. The results of TDN, TDP, and DOC suggested that the best extraction methods are autoclaved at 121 °C twice with increasing 87%, 84%, and 95%, respectively. Chlorella vulgaris TRG 4C dominated the growth at 121 °C twice extraction method in the RMRF and AHRF samples, with increasing 54.3% and 14%, respectively. The specific growth rate (µ) of both microalgae were relatively higher, 0.23 d−1 in the Ayer Hitam Soil. This extract served well as a microalgal growth promoter, reducing the cost and the needs for synthetic medium. Mass production of microalgae as aquatic feed will be attempted eventually. The high recovery rate of nutrients has a huge potential to serve as a growth promoter for microalgae.
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Hudson, Jared M. "THE EMPIRE IN THE EPITOME: FLORUS AND THE CONQUEST OF HISTORIOGRAPHY." Ramus 48, no. 01 (June 2019): 54–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/rmu.2019.9.
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Sorting out just what Florus’ condensed work of history is has proved a significant impediment to an understanding of what it might mean. F.R.D. Goodyear's terse précis of Florus ‘The historian’—carefully decoupled from ‘The orator’ and ‘The poet’—in the Cambridge History of Classical Literature begins tellingly: ‘Florus’ outline of Roman history, ending with Augustus, was in late antiquity inaccurately described as an epitome of Livy.’ This is accurate enough. Despite the transmitted title, Epitoma(e) de Tito Liuio (also Bellorum omnium annorum septingentorum libri n. duo), Florus’ work is notably distinct from, say, Justin's abridgment of Pompeius Trogus or the Livian Periochae. Livy looms large in Florus’ history, but at no point in the text is he signaled by name, and numerous structural and thematic features mark this diminutive work's divergence from its huge predecessor. Florus’ Tableau (Jal's chosen title) simply doesn't read as mere paraphrase of Ab urbe condita. He frequently reshuffles, omits, or contradicts material found in Livy, or covers content that Livy does not include, or does not reach chronologically. Alongside Livy, Cato, Caesar, Sallust, Virgil, Seneca the Elder, Lucan, and (seemingly) Tacitus are conspicuous presences in Florus. Much has been said about how Florus fails to be a proper epitome. However, and perhaps more significantly as regards the reception of Florus’ quirky historiography, Goodyear's emphatic non-definition reinforces a summary dismissal of Florus’ value as a text. That is to say, in such a portrayal (and in that of many others), Florus suffers double punishment. He ‘has little to say which is new or remarkable’, but at the same time definitely fails as a reliable compiler. Derivative, and yet faithless: whatever Florus may be, he is something worse than epitome.
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Torelli, Mario. "Innus: A God of Archaic Latium and His Sanctuary at Fosso dell’Incastro (Ardea)." etst 16, no. 2 (November 1, 2013): 263–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/etst-2013-0015.
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Abstract In 2006, the Soprintendenza Archeologica del Lazio began an excavation at the site of Fosso dell’Incastro on the coastline of Ardea. A well-preserved settlement buried under huge sand dunes was discovered, featuring a Roman castrum created in the fourth century BCE around a sanctuary dating back to the mid-sixth century BCE. Its characteristics not only suggested that the ancient site was Castrum Inui, previously known only through the ancient literary sources (e.g., Virgil, Servius and Macrobius), but also that its sanctuary could be attributed to an inconspicuous local deity, Inuus—often correlated with Pan and Sol. In its final phase (the early Imperial period), the sanctuary housed three sacred buildings: Temple A, Temple B, and a small shrine dedicated to Aesculapius. Temple B, the site of Inuus’ worship, was constructed in the Etrusco-Italic style during the first quarter of the fifth century BCE, while Temple A was built during the mid-second century BCE. Temple B was oriented to the southwest, one typical for religious buildings connected to chthonic cults; two altars built during the fourth century BCE were placed along the façade of the temple, one facing the east and on the axis of the temple, the second close to its southwest corner. It was also enhanced with an acroterion depicting the head of a warrior with the skin and horns of a goat or cow over his helmet, a motif that establishes a connection between Innus, Pan and Faunus. Temple A, on the other hand, faced the northeast and was enhanced with a sculpted pediment in high relief showing an assembly of gods and possibly Aeneas. Both its orientation and the iconography of the pediment suggest that it was dedicated to Aeneas Indiges, a pan-Latin version of the old cult of Inuus.
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Bhat, Iqbal Ahmad, and Shyju P. J. "Prospects of Ecotourism Development in Ganderbal District of Jammu and Kashmir." Atna - Journal of Tourism Studies 9, no. 1 (January 1, 2014): 39–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.12727/ajts.11.4.
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Tourism is considered as an important industry in the state of Jammu and Kashmir in general and the Valley of Kashmir in particular. Though the State’s economy is largely depended on agriculture and horticulture, tourism is still considered as the backbone of the economy as it generates large scale employment opportunities. The industry has generated large number of jobs; particularly it has benefitted the younger generation. Boosting the economic activities in the primary, secondary and tertiary sectors in the state, tourism has continued to play a vital role in the economy of the state. The Valley of Kashmir witnesses a huge rush of tourists especially during peak seasons and every corner of Srinagar city is filled with high movement of tourists. The movement of tourists has largely been restricted to Golden Triangle of Kashmir i.e. Srinagar, Phalgam and Gulmarg. The Government has started earmarking other virgin destinations of Kashmir and established authorities for the development of the same, but on the ground level the scene is quite different. It is imperative to assess the carrying capacity of tourist attractions especially new and emerging destinations, in order to minimize the negative impacts of tourism. Keeping in view these considerations, the present work is an attempt to highlight the tourism potential of unexplored areas in Ganderbal District, which have immense potential for ecotourism development.
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Warati, Darwish, Feyessa, and Ghebrab. "Suitability of Scoria as Fine Aggregate and Its Effect on the Properties of Concrete." Sustainability 11, no. 17 (August 26, 2019): 4647. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su11174647.
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The increase in the demand for concrete production for the development of infrastructures in developing countries like Ethiopia leads to the depletion of virgin aggregates and high cement demand, which imposes negative environmental impacts. In sustainable development, there is a need for construction materials to focus on the economy, efficient energy utilization, and environmental protections. One of the strategies in green concrete production is the use of locally available construction materials. Scoria is widely available around the central towns of Ethiopia, especially around the rift valley regions where huge construction activities are taking place. The aim of this paper is therefore to analyze the suitability of scoria as a fine aggregate for concrete production and its effect on the properties of concrete. A differing ratio of scoria was considered as a partial replacement of fine aggregate with river sand after analyzing its engineering properties, and its effect on the mechanical properties of concrete were examined. The test results on the engineering properties of scoria revealed that the material is suitable to be used as a fine aggregate in concrete production. The replacement of scoria with river sand also enhanced the mechanical strength of the concrete. Generally, the findings of the experimental study showed that scoria could replace river sand by up to 50% for conventional concrete production.
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Dheyauldeen, Atheer, Omar Al-Fatlawi, and Md Mofazzal Hossain. "Incremental and acceleration production estimation and their effect on optimization of well infill locations in tight gas reservoirs." Journal of Petroleum Exploration and Production Technology 11, no. 6 (June 2021): 2449–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s13202-021-01179-1.
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AbstractThe main role of infill drilling is either adding incremental reserves to the already existing one by intersecting newly undrained (virgin) regions or accelerating the production from currently depleted areas. Accelerating reserves from increasing drainage in tight formations can be beneficial considering the time value of money and the cost of additional wells. However, the maximum benefit can be realized when infill wells produce mostly incremental recoveries (recoveries from virgin formations). Therefore, the prediction of incremental and accelerated recovery is crucial in field development planning as it helps in the optimization of infill wells with the assurance of long-term economic sustainability of the project. Several approaches are presented in literatures to determine incremental and acceleration recovery and areas for infill drilling. However, the majority of these methods require huge and expensive data; and very time-consuming simulation studies. In this study, two qualitative techniques are proposed for the estimation of incremental and accelerated recovery based upon readily available production data. In the first technique, acceleration and incremental recovery, and thus infill drilling, are predicted from the trend of the cumulative production (Gp) versus square root time function. This approach is more applicable for tight formations considering the long period of transient linear flow. The second technique is based on multi-well Blasingame type curves analysis. This technique appears to best be applied when the production of parent wells reaches the boundary dominated flow (BDF) region before the production start of the successive infill wells. These techniques are important in field development planning as the flow regimes in tight formations change gradually from transient flow (early times) to BDF (late times) as the production continues. Despite different approaches/methods, the field case studies demonstrate that the accurate framework for strategic well planning including prediction of optimum well location is very critical, especially for the realization of the commercial benefit (i.e., increasing and accelerating of reserve or assets) from infilled drilling campaign. Also, the proposed framework and findings of this study provide new insight into infilled drilling campaigns including the importance of better evaluation of infill drilling performance in tight formations, which eventually assist on informed decisions process regarding future development plans.
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Pinck, Stéphane, Lucila Martínez Ostormujof, Sébastien Teychené, and Benjamin Erable. "Microfluidic Microbial Bioelectrochemical Systems: An Integrated Investigation Platform for a More Fundamental Understanding of Electroactive Bacterial Biofilms." Microorganisms 8, no. 11 (November 23, 2020): 1841. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms8111841.
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It is the ambition of many researchers to finally be able to close in on the fundamental, coupled phenomena that occur during the formation and expression of electrocatalytic activity in electroactive biofilms. It is because of this desire to understand that bioelectrochemical systems (BESs) have been miniaturized into microBES by taking advantage of the worldwide development of microfluidics. Microfluidics tools applied to bioelectrochemistry permit even more fundamental studies of interactions and coupled phenomena occurring at the microscale, thanks, in particular, to the concomitant combination of electroanalysis, spectroscopic analytical techniques and real-time microscopy that is now possible. The analytical microsystem is therefore much better suited to the monitoring, not only of electroactive biofilm formation but also of the expression and disentangling of extracellular electron transfer (EET) catalytic mechanisms. This article reviews the details of the configurations of microfluidic BESs designed for selected objectives and their microfabrication techniques. Because the aim is to manipulate microvolumes and due to the high modularity of the experimental systems, the interfacial conditions between electrodes and electrolytes are perfectly controlled in terms of physicochemistry (pH, nutrients, chemical effectors, etc.) and hydrodynamics (shear, material transport, etc.). Most of the theoretical advances have been obtained thanks to work carried out using models of electroactive bacteria monocultures, mainly to simplify biological investigation systems. However, a huge virgin field of investigation still remains to be explored by taking advantage of the capacities of microfluidic BESs regarding the complexity and interactions of mixed electroactive biofilms.
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Gou, Mifeng, Longfei Zhou, and Nathalene Wei Ying Then. "Utilization of tailings in cement and concrete: A review." Science and Engineering of Composite Materials 26, no. 1 (January 28, 2019): 449–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/secm-2019-0029.
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AbstractOne of the advantages of cement and the cement concrete industry in sustainability is the ability to utilize large amounts of industrial solid wastes such as fly ash and ground granulated blast furnace slag. Tailings are solid wastes of the ore beneficiation process in the extractive industry and are available in huge amounts in some countries. This paper reviews the potential utilization of tailings as a replacement for fine aggregates, as supplementary cementitious materials (SCMs) in mortar or concrete, and in the production of cement clinker. It was shown in previous research that while tailings had been used as a replacement for both fine aggregate and cement, the workability of mortar or concrete reduced. Also, at a constant water to cement ratio, the compressive strength of concrete increased with the tailings as fine aggregate. However, the compressive strength of concrete decreased as the replacement content of the tailings as SCMs increased, even whentailings were ground into smaller particles. Not much research has been dedicated to the durability of concrete with tailings, but it is beneficial for heavy metals in tailings to stabilize/solidify in concrete. The clinker can be produced by using the tailings, even if the tailings have a low SiO2 content. As a result, the utilization of tailings in cement and concrete will be good for the environment both in the solid waste processing and virgin materials using in the construction industry.
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Sauer, Christina, Dieter Dudaczek, Bert Hölldobler, and Roy Gross. "Tissue Localization of the Endosymbiotic Bacterium “Candidatus Blochmannia floridanus” in Adults and Larvae of the Carpenter Ant Camponotus floridanus." Applied and Environmental Microbiology 68, no. 9 (September 2002): 4187–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aem.68.9.4187-4193.2002.
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ABSTRACT The distribution of endosymbiotic bacteria in different tissues of queens, males, and workers of the carpenter ant Camponotus floridanus was investigated by light and electron microscopy and by in situ hybridization. A large number of bacteria could be detected in bacteriocytes within the midguts of workers, young virgin queens, and males. Large amounts of bacteria were also found in the oocytes of workers and queens. In contrast, bacteria were not present in oocyte-associated cells or in the spermathecae of mature queens, although occasionally a small number of bacteria could be detected in the testis follicles of males. Interestingly, the number of bacteriocytes in mature queens was strongly reduced and the bacteriocytes contained only very few or no bacteria at all, although the endosymbionts were present in huge amounts in the ovaries of the same animals. During embryogenesis of the deposited egg, the bacteria were concentrated in a ring of endodermal tissue destined to become the midgut in later developmental stages. However, during larval development, bacteria could also be detected in other tissues although to a lesser extent. Only in the last-instar larvae were bacteria found exclusively in the midgut tissue within typical bacteriocytes. Tetracycline and rifampin efficiently cleansed C. floridanus workers of their symbionts and the bacteriocytes of these animals still remained empty several months after treatment had ceased. Despite the lack of their endosymbionts, these adult animals were able to survive without any obvious negative effect under normal cultivation conditions.
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Islam, Md Jahidul, Md Shahjalal, Md Mehedi Hasan, and Zarin Tasnim Chowdhury. "Effect of Admixture on Physical and Mechanical Properties of Recycled Brick Aggregate Concrete." MIST INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY 9 (June 27, 2021): 37–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.47981/j.mijst.09(01)2021.287(37-44).
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With the increasing population of the world, the rate of development of infrastructure is increasing day by day; which has placed a massive demand for natural aggregates. Besides, huge amount of demolished construction wastes are generated all over the world which creates pressure on the environment as well as landfills. Therefore, it is necessary to find a sustainable solution to adopt these C&D wastes as an alternative to natural aggregates for construction purposes. Therefore, the objective of the present study is to explore the influence of superplasticizers while adopting recycled brick aggregate (RBA) in the sustainable concrete application as a coarse aggregate. Six different mixes are considered with 100% replacement of recycled brick aggregate and three diverse water-cement (w/c) ratios, such as 0.40, 0.45, and 0.50. To improve the workability and mechanical characteristics of concrete a superplasticizer is used as an admixture. Fresh properties of concrete, compressive strength at normal and high temperatures, flexural strength and splitting tensile strength are presented. The results indicate that addion of superplasticizer improves slump values and reduces air voids of concrete. Although strengths of RBA concrete are lesser than the virgin brick aggregate concrete, they are still satisfactory in the application for structural concrete and can be also significantly improved by incorporating admixture. Finally, this research will help to recycle the brick aggregate instead of dumping it as waste in a landfill.
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Gulhane, Shreyas, and Sanjay Gulhane. "Analysis of Housing Structures Made From Recycled Plastic." IRA-International Journal of Technology & Engineering (ISSN 2455-4480) 7, no. 2 (S) (July 10, 2017): 45. http://dx.doi.org/10.21013/jte.icsesd201705.
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Due to rise in unleashed industrial development, our world is now engulfed by solid wastes. In that huge pile of wastes, plastic is one of the prime culprits for degrading our nature. The used plastics (which are not recycled) are either end up in oceans or landfills and continue to create environmental problems. On regular basis, thousands of tonnes of plastic waste is being created all around the world. In some cases, recycling plastic is costlier than using virgin plastic. Hence there is a necessity to create a situation in which adequate price for recycling plastic must come into play. Such type of situation can be created by using plastic as a primary construction material for small houses. The main objective of the study is to show how plastic as a construction material can reduce the stacks of junk plastic piles around the globe. Along with that how it can reduce the time and labor required for construction and also help to reduce the casualties during natural calamities like earthquake and to understand the ‘total plastic’ construction phenomenon with its advantages and disadvantages. Today there are some companies which are trying to use plastic as a primary construction material but none of them tried for the total plastic approach. The studies have shown that total plastic approach can eventually reduce the recycling and implementation costs of waste plastic, the time consumed and labor required for plastic recycling. Also to understand the actual practical situation of using plastic houses and required structure and method for shelters made out of such material were analyzed using FEA software. The problems like fireproofing and base development were also studied.
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Markl, Erich, and Maximilian Lackner. "Devulcanization Technologies for Recycling of Tire-Derived Rubber: A Review." Materials 13, no. 5 (March 10, 2020): 1246. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma13051246.
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In general, composite materials are difficult to recycle. Tires belong to this class of materials. On top, one of their main constitutents, vulcanized rubber, is as elastomer, which cannot be remolten and hence is particularly challenging to put to a new use. Today, the main end-of-life routes of tires and other rubber products are landfilling, incineration in e.g., cement plants, and grinding to a fine powder, generating huge quantities and indicating a lack of sustainable recycling of this valuable material. True feedstock recycling is not feasible for complex mixtures such as tires, but devulcanization can be done to reactivate the cross-linked polymer for material recycling in novel rubber products. Devulcanization, i.e., the breaking up of sulfur bonds by chemical, thermophysical, or biological means, is a promising route that has been investigated for more than 50 years. This review article presents an update on the state-of-the art in rubber devulcanization. The article addresses established devulcanization technologies and novel processes described in the scientific and patent literatures. On the one hand, tires have become high-tech products, where the simultaneous improvement of wet traction, rolling resistance, and abrasion resistance (the so-called “magic triangle”) is hard to achieve. On the other hand, recycling and sustainable end-of-life uses are becoming more and more important. It is expected that the public discussion of environmental impacts of thermoplastics will soon spill over to thermosets and elastomers. Therefore, the industry needs to develop and market solutions proactively. Every year, approximately 40 million tons of tires are discarded. Through the devulcanization of end-of-life tires (ELT), it is possible to produce new raw materials with good mechanical properties and a superior environmental footprint over virgin products. The devulcanization process has become an interesting technology that is able to support the circular economy concept.
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Khanna, N. K., O. P. Shukla, M. G. Gogate, and S. L. Narkhede. "Leucaena for paper industry in Gujarat, India: Case study." Tropical Grasslands-Forrajes Tropicales 7, no. 2 (May 31, 2019): 200–209. http://dx.doi.org/10.17138/tgft(7)200-209.
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Keynote paper presented at the International Leucaena Conference, 1‒3 November 2018, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia.India is one of the major producers/consumers of paper and pulp products (3–4% of global share). Approximately one-fourth of industry raw material has come from wood-based plantations from the 1990s onwards. The greatest development challenge faced by the industry since that time is sourcing robust raw material from agroforestry on private lands. Following genetic improvement of leucaena (Leucaena leucocephala) and realization of its potential as a multiple-use species, it was introduced into India in 1980 under an international cooperation effort with support from the Swedish International Development Cooperation Agency (SIDA). It has since spread across the country as a panacea for rural needs of fuel wood, small timber and cattle forage.The paper industry has found that it has potential as raw material for paper making. One of the largest Indian paper companies is JK Paper Ltd, which has an annual production capacity of 550,000 t/yr with 3 integrated pulp and paper plants located at Songadh (Gujarat), Rayagada (Orissa) and Kagaznagar (Telangana) producing writing and printing paper and virgin packaging boards.This case study describes the leucaena farm forestry plantation program initiated by JK Paper Ltd, Unit CPM (Central Pulp Mills). The unit, under its agroforestry and farm forestry plantation approach, planted leucaena plantations in 2009-2010 in parts of Gujarat, Maharashtra and Madhya Pradesh States. To motivate farmers in the mill’s catchment area, and to build confidence in on-farm plantations, exposure visits were arranged to Andhra Pradesh, where huge tracts of agricultural land were under leucaena plantations. As a result, to date, this unit has engaged >7,800 farmers who have established leucaena plantations covering an area of >18,400 ha.A robust plantation R&D network addressed issues such as seed treatment, seed germination, rhizobial inoculation, geometry of plantations, agro-forestry models, selection and development of high production clones, establishment of clonal seed orchards, genetic improvement through mutation techniques and hybridization programs for wood quality improvement.
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Subba, Bharat Raj. "Impact of climate change on food value of molluscs in Nepal." Nepalese Journal of Biosciences 2 (January 24, 2013): 98–108. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/njbs.v2i0.7496.
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The questionnaires and interviews were taken randomly with ethnic people, the molluscs consumers of different districts of Tarai regions. Regarding other information about the impact of climate change in the context of Nepal, literature survey was done. Edible molluscs are cheap non-conventional source of protein for huge population of poor ethnic peoples (53 castes living in twenty districts of Tarai in Nepal), from time immemorial. Up to, nearly four and half decades back, there were virgin forests in Tarai region, water sources were in better condition but because of rapid population explosion, encroachment of wetlands and deforestation the water sources began to dry up early in the year. Gradual increase in atmospheric temperature due to imbalanced amount of CO2 and precipitation, is worsening the environment. The climate change is not only destroying the suitable aquatic environment of the molluscs habitats but their foods of plant and animal origins as well. Several changes in water chemistry might have taken place threatening aquatic lives including molluscs. As a result, annual production of mollusc also has decreased. The climate change is enforcing molluscs to change their original habitats and habits. While their production of molluscs is decreasing, demand is increasing due to rapid human population growth. The price of molluscs meat also has increased 100% as compared to one decade back (Bellamya Rs 20-25/kg with shell, Pila without shell Rs 48-60/kg, similarly bivalves (Lamellidens and Parreysia) Rs 20-30/kg with shell whereas Rs 50-60/kg without shell; Brotia Rs 10-12/kg with shell). Local production of Nepal covers hardly 30-40% demand of molluscs. The rest 60% demand is met imported from India. The only solution of the problem is to initiate molluscs culture which will also help conserve water sources and other aquatic organisms as well. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/njbs.v2i0.7496 Nepalese Journal of Biosciences 2 : 98-108 (2012)
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Faradisa, Farikah, Yulia Esti Katrini, and Imam Baihaqi. "BALESARI CULTURE AND LANGUAGE (BCL) SEBAGAI KATALISATOR DESA WANA WISATA BALESARI." Dimas: Jurnal Pemikiran Agama untuk Pemberdayaan 17, no. 2 (April 21, 2018): 313. http://dx.doi.org/10.21580/dms.2017.172.2001.
Full textAbstract:
<p>Wana Wisata of Balesari village has huge potential to be developed into a national and even international tourist village. Balesari village is also categorized as a virgin, and it still has many local wisdoms that can be a special attraction for domestic visitors and also foreign tourists if the community of Balesari can manage it properly and maximally.. The focus of the contribution of Tidar University to the community is to serve the community to support the development of rural areas, one of them is Wana Wisata of Balesari Village. The development of villages is focused on Balesari Culture and Language activities that is cultural and linguistic conservation that manifests in awareness of activities, training, and cultural and linguistic assistance to become a tourist icon in Balesari village. In addition gradually over a period of 3 years, Balesari Culture and Language programs will also conserve the culture and language based on local wisdom in the village of Balesari gradually as a catalyst that will participate in improving the development of Balesari Wana Tourism Village.</p><p> </p><p>Desa Wana Wisata Balesari memiliki potensi yang sangat besar untuk dapat dikembangkan menjadi sebuah desa wisata bertaraf nasional bahkan internasional. Desa Balesari juga dikategorikan masih perawan, masih terdapat banyak kearifan lokal yang dapat menjadi daya tarik tersendiri bagi para pengunjung domestik apalagi wisatawan asing apabila masyarakat dapat mengelolanya dengan baik, maksimal, dan profesional. Fokus kontribusi Universitas Tidar kepada masyarakat adalah melakukan pengabdian kepada masyarakat untuk mendukung pembangunan wilayah perdesaan salah satunya adalah Desa Wana Wisata Balesari. Pembangunan desa tersebut difokuskan dalam kegiatan <em>Balesari Culture and Language</em> yaitu konservasi budaya dan bahasa yang mewujud dalam kegiatan penyadaran, pelatihan, dan pendampingan budaya dan bahasa agar menjadi ikon wisata di desa Balesari. Selain itu secara bertahap dalam jangka waktu 3 tahun, program <em>Balesari Culture and Language </em>juga akan melakukan konservasi budaya dan bahasa berbasis kearifan lokal yang terdapat di desa Balesari secara bertahap sebagai katalisator yang akan ikut mempercapat laju perkembangan Desa Wana Wisata Balesari.</p>
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Španjol-Pandelo, Barbara. "Prilog poznavanju djelovanja Mateja Andrijina Moronzona*." Ars Adriatica, no. 6 (January 1, 2016): 103. http://dx.doi.org/10.15291/ars.179.
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Matteo Moronzon, a member of the Venetian family of woodcarvers, was mentioned for the first time in 1407 according to the present known archival documents. Probably after being trained in his father's workshop in Venice, he moved to Zadar with his family – his wife Francisca and sons Pietro and Francesco. In 1418 he undertook the commission of furnishing carved choir stalls for the cathedral of St. Anastasia in Zadar. Various archival documents testify that Matteo lived and worked in Zadar for many years. Therefore it can be assumed that he probably founded his own workshop in Zadar where his son Francesco was trained too. Apart from the attempt to reconstruct Matteo's life and career, the aim of this paper is to interpret one important woodcarving work of art preserved in situ: choir stalls in the former cathedral of Rab, today the arch parish church of the Assumption of the Blessed Virgin Mary in Rab. Without doubt Matteo was the master carver in the production of the choir stalls in Zadar. Since he lived in Zadar it was not unusual that he had the main role in carving the stalls. In Zadar the selection of motives is more balanced and there are no significant differences in the modelling of decorative elements. However, the question whether Matteo carved absolutely everything or he had assistants arises. Considering the amount of work that had to be done it must be assumed that he had assistants who participated in work and helped him to shape the stalls. However, in literature Matteo was considered the only and undisputed author of the choir stalls in Zadar, mostly because of the preserved document. The analysis of the choir stalls in Rab by Ivo Petricioli as well as their evident formal and stylistic similarities with the stalls from the cathedral in Zadar have led to the general acceptance of the hypothesis that they were carved at the workshop of Matteo Moronzon. However, a comprehensive comparative analysis that could confirm that hypothesis was still missing. The analysis of the details and the whole led to the overall conclusion that there were a huge number of similarities between the choir stalls in Rab and Zadar. Therefore it was concluded that Matteo was the principal designer of the choir stalls in Rab who also carved the best parts in Rab, while others, less successful parts, were made by his apprentices and assistants who at the time lived on the island of Rab. In this respect, if Matteo was accepted as the author of the choir stalls of the cathedral in Zadar he must also be accepted as the author of the choir stalls from the excathedral in Rab.
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Anurati Chaudhuri, Lina Chakraborty and Sankar Roy Maulik. "Recycling– an Approach towards Sustainability." International Journal for Modern Trends in Science and Technology 06, no. 9S (October 16, 2020): 169–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.46501/ijmtst0609s28.
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Recycling and up-cycling are two popular buzz-words in today’s society and is a large component of the environmental movement to reduce ecological damage. Recycling refers to those products that are used till they are considered waste and then used again to make similar or different kinds of products. Textile recycling is the method of reusing or reprocessing of used fabrics, fibrous materials, natural renewable resources and clothing scraps. Recycled textiles are generally used in low quality end use thereby downgrading the standards of ultimate products. In India, clothing plays an important role in deciding one’s status since historic period. In today’s world, people wear branded clothes to show their fashion sense and financial position in the society. Fashion is considered to be one of the fastest brand industries on the planet and approximately 80 billion new pieces of clothing are being sold every year throughout the world, which is around 400% more than the production of 40 years ago. Fashion employ more than 300 million people worldwide and clothing production has doubled during the last fifteen year. In order to produce 1 kg of fabric 23 kg of green house gases are emitted. Textile industry generates more CO2 and half of the cloth present in the wardrobe may never been worn in a year. Fashion is now considered as the second most polluting industry and increasing middle classes in developing world for making their own fashion statement, the situation is getting worse. A huge amount of water, manpower, electricity is needed to produce raw materials and that same amount or more is used to produce the final products. As estimated, the total clothing sales will reach 175 million tons by 2050, which will turn the planet into biggest fashion victim. Thus this industry is facing challenges on sustainability. In this context, the aim of this paper is to show upcycling of textiles in the era of fast fashion. Most of the people is not familiar to the term up-cycling and have the misconception that up-cycled materials are made from second hand products and are not as good as branded clothes. This may be true to a certain extent but to preserve our mother earth it is very essential to think in this approach of recycling and/or up-cycling in the coming years. The objective is to create innovative designs from the activity of recycling. The products are made from used clothes, whereas dyeing and printing of apparels is done by using the waste materials of nature. Bark and dry flowers of trees is used for dyeing; whereas dry leaves are used for Botanical prints on old fabrics. Old sarees are used for making new apparel. The use of recycle materials will reduce the pressure on virgin resources; develop value added creative textiles, provide job opportunities among the surrounding communities, reduce the ecological damage and make people aware of using recycled textiles.
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Kadurina, A. O. "SYMBOLISM OF ROSES IN LANDSCAPE ART OF DIFFERENT HISTORICAL ERAS." Problems of theory and history of architecture of Ukraine, no. 20 (May 12, 2020): 148–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.31650/2519-4208-2020-20-148-157.
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Background.Rosa, as the "Queen of Flowers" has always occupied a special place in the garden. The emergence of rose gardens is rooted in antiquity. Rose is a kind of “tuning fork” of eras. We can see how the symbolism of the flower was transformed, depending on the philosophy and cultural values of society. And this contributed to the various functions and aesthetic delivery of roses in gardens and parks of different eras. Despite the large number of works on roses, today there are no studies that can combine philosophy, cultural aspects of the era, the history of gardens and parks with symbols of the plant world (in particular roses) with the identification of a number of features and patterns.Objectives.The purpose of the article is to study the symbolism of rosesin landscape gardening art of different eras.Methods.The historical method helps to trace the stages of the transformation of the symbolism of roses in different historical periods. The inductive method allows you to move from the analysis of the symbolism of roses in each era to generalization, the identification of patterns, the connection of the cultural life of society with the participation of roses in it. Graph-analytical method reveals the features of creating various types of gardens with roses, taking into account trends in styles and time.Results.In the gardens of Ancient Greece, the theme of refined aesthetics, reflections on life and death dominated. It is no accident that in ancient times it was an attribute of the goddesses of love. In antiquity, she was a favorite flower of the goddess of beauty and love of Aphrodite (Venus). In connection with the legend of the goddess, there was a custom to draw or hang a white rose in the meeting rooms, as a reminder of the non-disclosure of the said information. It was also believed that roses weaken the effect of wine and therefore garlands of roses decorated feasts, festivities in honor of the god of winemaking Dionysus (Bacchus). The rose was called the gift of the gods. Wreaths of roses were decorated: statues of the gods during religious ceremonies, the bride during weddings. The custom of decorating the floor with rose petals, twisting columns of curly roses in the halls came to the ancient palace life from Ancient Egypt, from Queen Cleopatra, highlighted this flower more than others. In ancient Rome, rose gardens turned into huge plantations. Flowers from them were intended to decorate palace halls during feasts. In Rome, a religious theme was overshadowed by luxurious imperial greatness. It is interesting that in Rome, which constantly spreads its borders, a rose from a "female" flower turned into a "male" one. The soldiers, setting out on a campaign, put on pink wreaths instead of helmets, symbolizing morality and courage, and returning with victory, knocked out the image of a rose on shields. From roses weaved wreaths and garlands, received rose oil, incense and medicine. The banquet emperors needed so many roses, which were also delivered by ships from Egypt. Ironically, it is generally accepted that Nero's passion for roses contributed to the decline of Rome. After the fall of the Roman Empire, rose plantations were abandoned because Christianity first associated this flower with the licentiousness of Roman customs. In the Early Middle Ages, the main theme is the Christian religion and roses are located mainly in the monastery gardens, symbolizing divine love and mercy. Despite the huge number of civil wars, when the crops and gardens of neighbors were violently destroyed, the only place of peace and harmony remained the monastery gardens. They grew medicinal plants and flowers for religious ceremonies. During this period, the rose becomes an attribute of the Virgin Mary, Jesus Christ and various saints, symbolizing the church as a whole. More deeply, the symbolism of the rose was revealed in Catholic life, when the rosary and a special prayer behind them were called the "rose garden". Now the rose has become the personification of mercy, forgiveness, martyrdom and divine love. In the late Middle Ages, in the era of chivalry, roses became part of the "cult of the beautiful lady." Rose becomes a symbol of love of a nobleman to the wife of his heart. Courtesy was of a socially symbolic nature, described in the novel of the Rose. The lady, like a rose, symbolized mystery, magnificent beauty and temptation. Thus, in the Late Middle Ages, the secular principle manifests itself on a par with the religious vision of the world. And in the Renaissance, the religious and secular component are in balance. The theme of secular pleasures and entertainments was transferred further to the Renaissance gardens. In secular gardens at palaces, villas and castles, it symbolized love, beauty, grace and perfection. In this case, various secret societies appear that choose a rose as an emblem, as a symbol of eternity and mystery. And if the cross in the emblem of the Rosicrucians symbolized Christianity, then the rose symbolized a mystical secret hidden from prying eyes. In modern times, secular life comes to the fore, and with it new ways of communication, for example, in the language of flowers, in particular roses. In the XVII–XVIII centuries. gardening art is becoming secular; sesame, the language of flowers, comes from Europe to the East. White rose symbolized a sigh, pink –an oath of love, tea –a courtship, and bright red –admiration for beauty and passionate love [2]. In aristocratic circles, the creation of lush rose gardens is in fashion. Roses are actively planted in urban and suburban gardens. In modern times, rose gardens carry the idea of aesthetic relaxation and enjoyment. Many new varieties were obtained in the 19th century, during the period of numerous botanical breeding experiments. At this time, gardening ceased to be the property of the elite of society and became publicly available. In the XX–XXI centuries. rosaries, as before, are popular. Many of them are located on the territory of ancient villas, palaces and other structures, continuing the tradition.