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Journal articles on the topic 'Virgin lands'
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1
Barabanova, Ksenia. "Virgin Oil Lands Conquered?" Sibirica 22, no. 3 (2023): 22–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.3167/sib.2023.220302.
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Abstract The historical memory of Siberia is heterogeneous and diverse; different parts of this region have their own emphases in the politics of historical memory. This article focuses on the historical memory of Yugra (a historical territory roughly coterminous with the Khanty-Mansiiskii Autonomous Okrug), as it is from this territory that the development of Siberian oil lands began. Oil has become the central focus of memory for the northern region of Western Siberia, and oil workers are symbols of territorial development in Yugra. The creation of the oil and gas complex is portrayed as a victory over nature, and oil workers are portrayed not only as pioneers who opened the region, but also as soldiers.
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Kocheshkov, Gennadiy N., and Aleksandr V. Grebenshchikov. "Presenting the image of a virgin lands worker in Soviet cinematography." Verhnevolzhski Philological Bulletin 4, no. 27 (2021): 197–204. http://dx.doi.org/10.20323/2499-9679-2021-4-27-197-204.
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The article identifies, interprets and compares the artistic images of «virgin lands workers» formed by the Soviet cinema, which is an important channel of the nation's historical memory and a means of communication of our time. The work gives a detailed description of the problem's historiography. A conclusion is made about the predominance of studies devoted to the social-economic, political and environmental consequences of the virgin lands development. At the same time, despite the growing interest of scientists in the social-cultural aspects of the virgin lands campaign in recent decades, there are very few works analyzing the daily life of virgin landers. The article uses various research methods: retrospective, comparative-historical, semiotic, and discourse analysis. In the course of the research, the author determines the features of virgin lands representation in mass culture as a special social-cultural space, shows the hard fate of virgin lands workers, their attitude to the system of values established in the post-war Soviet society. The main characters of the virgin lands epic represented in the cinematography are young people and «competent leaders», without whom it is impossible to imagine the success of major party projects. The attitude of the virgin lands explorers to the global project can be characterized as ambiguous and multi-layered: virgin land is seen both as an important agricultural project, allowing, under favorable circumstances, to solve the «eternal» grain problem, as an important social elevator for Soviet youth, and as a necessary stage of building communism. The study demonstrates both similarities and differences in the ideological and semantic concepts of the virgin lands filmography, and also reveals a certain transformation of directors' artistic ideas: from the propaganda and heroic message characteristic of 1950s films to the authors' desire to reveal the spiritual and moral potency of the campaign's heroes, characteristic of the 1960s and 1970s films.
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Datsyshen, Vladimir. "Russian Pioneers of Virgin Lands from China: Re-Emigrants in Eastern Siberia in 1954–1955." DEMIS. Demographic Research 5, no. 1 (2025): 40–53. https://doi.org/10.19181/demis.2025.5.1.3.
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The article is devoted to the problems of the history of the resettlement of the Russian-speaking population of North-Eastern China to the regions of Eastern Siberia for the development of virgin and fallow lands. In 1954–1955, the leadership of the USSR organized the repatriation of the Russian-speaking population from the People's Republic ofChina to their historical homeland. The repatriation was formalized in the form of resettlement for the development ofvirgin and fallow lands, Russian re-emigrants arrived in the regions of Russia and Kazakhstan as virgin land settlers. The easternmost regions of the Soviet Union where the re-emigrants were settled were the Irkutsk Region and the Krasnoyarsk Territory. The study was conducted based on office documents stored in the regional archives of Eastern Siberia, as well as personal sources and the recollections of the re-emigrants themselves. The mass and voluntary relocation of Russians from the PRC to the USSR began after the adoption of the resolution of the CPSU Central Committee in 1954 "On the further increase in grain production in the country and on the development of virgin and fallow lands", but this issue was resolved at the level of Soviet-Chinese relations back in 1953. The settlers from the PRC made up only a few percent of the total number of virgin land settlers, and a significant part of them already in 1954–1955 left agricultural enterprises, practically not taking part in the development of virgin and fallow lands. The problems of preparing the repatriation of theRussian-speaking population to the USSR, as well as their actual participation in the development of virgin and fallow lands, indicate that resettlement to develop virgin lands was a form of repatriation, with a concomitant solution to the problems of developing virgin and fallow lands. The resettlement of re-emigrants from China became an important factor in the development of the Krasnoyarsk Territory and the Irkutsk Region, not only in terms of developing virgin and fallow lands in these regions. Resettlement to develop virgin lands turned out to be the optimal repatriation of Russians from China totheir historical homeland in form and content.
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Abdiraiymova, Ardak S., Roza S. Zharkynbaeva та Akylbek B. Sarsenbayev. "Социально-экономические и политические аспекты освоения целинных и залежных земель в Казахстане". Oriental studies 15, № 2 (2022): 214–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.22162/2619-0990-2022-60-2-214-227.
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Introduction. The virgin and fallow lands campaign (1950s–1960s) resulted in most essential social changes that determined further trends of ethnocultural development in the Republic. The cultivation of virgin lands not only resolved utmost economic problems but also directly influenced Kazakhstan’s sociopolitical life. The Soviet period tended to turn a blind eye on major problematic aspects of the campaign, and the latter remained largely understudied. Goals. The article explores unclassified archival data to review the socioeconomic and political aspects of the virgin and fallow lands campaign in Kazakhstan, the reasons of crisis phenomena caused by ill-considered policies. Materials and methods. The work primarily investigates documents from the Russian State Archives of Economics, State Archive of the Russian Federation, Archive of the President of the Republic of Kazakhstan, and Central State Archive of the Republic of Kazakhstan. The system approach constitutes a basis for generalizations and analyses of collected materials, while a combination of macro and micro perspectives makes it possible to identify general and specific features in the processes examined. Results. The article uses a wide range of sources, official documents, memoirs and letters to analyze socioeconomic and political aspects of the virgin and fallow lands cultivation. The former are supplemented with data on social problems, conflicts, and mass brawls on virgin lands. This clarifies that conflict-free status of arrangements during the virgin lands campaign was not that universal. Conclusions. Thus, the paper shows that the mass resettlement of human resources to virgin and fallow lands cultivation zones was often ill-advised and eventually led to an increase in social tensions in Kazakhstan.
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Komilov, Oybek Kamilovich. "LAND RECLAMATION AND IRRIGATION MEASURES OF VIRGIN LANDS IN KARSHI STEPPE." Frontline Social Sciences and History Journal 02, no. 01 (2022): 35–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.37547/social-fsshj-02-01-05.
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This article is devoted reclamation of virgin land and increase of cotton monopoly in Karshi steppe in the period of Soviet government by the helping archive materials, historical literatures and media materials as well.
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Pakhomova, Elena V. "At the Epicenter of Virgin Lands Development: The Grandiose Campaign in the Assessment of an Ordinary Participant, 1954–68." Herald of an archivist, no. 4 (2023): 1111–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.28995/2073-0101-2023-4-1111-1122.
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This article contains a small, previously unpublished excerpt from the typewritten manuscript of the Orenburg pervotselinnik (first virgin lands volunteer) Alexander Ferapontovich Plokhotnichenko (1918–2001). The memoirs materials presented in the article were written in the late 1990s, shortly before the author's death. In fact, these are memoirs-reflections, a significant part of which relates to the time of the mass development of virgin and fallow lands on the territory of the Adamovka district of the Orenburg region. On the pages of his manuscript, the author rethought most significant events and phenomena of the “virgin lands” decade in the difficult days of post-Soviet reality. Within the framework of this study, a brief historiographical overview of scholarship on colossal memoir heritage of the virgin lands era is presented. The published excerpt from the manuscript of A. F. Plokhotnichenko is unique in terms of content, since analytical memoirs are extremely rare among the memoir sources of the virgin lands era. In the Orenburg region such materials are not to be found. The article is to provide comprehensive analysis of the presented fragment of A.F. Plokhotnichenko's memoirs as an exceptional historical source on the history of the virgin lands development. The scientific value of this documentary publication is due to the author’s long-term participation in the large-scale development campaign. When working with memoirs, specific historical and historical-typological approaches have been used. They permit, on the one hand, to consider the memoirs as an original retrospective text containing specific factual information and, on the other, to analyze the transmitted socio-historical experience. The author of the memoirs underscored the “trouble spots” of the epoch-making development campaign, its obvious mistakes and miscalculations. Having an opportunity to evaluate the virgin lands epic in a broad historical retrospect, A.F. Plokhotnichenko wondered what the Orenburg region and the country as a whole had gained from the massive development of new lands. Memoirs are published in abbreviated form. Nevertheless, the editing did not distort the general meaning of the materials left by A.F. Plokhotnichenko, did not change his reasoning and main conclusions. Their introduction into scientific use may contribute to expansion of the source base and formation of a more objective perception of the history of the virgin lands development. Despite their pronounced subjectivity, memoirs can be of undoubted interest to both specialists (primarily historians and local historians) and to a wide range of researchers.
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Rybin, Andrei A. "Medical Care for Residents of Ivanovo, Kostroma and Yaroslavl Regions in Virgin Lands in 1954–1964 Years." Izvestiya of Saratov University. New Series. Series: History. International Relations 20, no. 3 (2020): 405–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.18500/1819-4907-2020-20-3-405-410.
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The problem of the introduction of unused land into agricultural turnover is currently relevant in society, since at the present stage the state is implementing a campaign to develop the uninhabited territories of the Far East of the country. During this period, a large number of studies on virgin lands were published, but today many questions remain open. In particular, the problem of medical care in the virgin lands is not sufficiently studied by historians. The article defines the stages of development of medicine in the areas of development of new lands, also considers the problem of lack of medical institutions and qualified personnel. Finally, medicine was developed in the virgin lands, in particular, it was possible to move from small medical stations to the polyclinic health care system.
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Belov, Andrey, and Andrey Rybin. "The daily life in the virgin and fallow lands in 1954–1964." Вестник антропологии (Herald of Anthropology) 45, no. 1 (2019): 80–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.33876/2311-0546/2019-45-1/80-87.
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Based on the records of management documentation, periodicals, memoirs of contemporaries, the article presents an overall picture of the daily life of virgin lands (tselina). The study showed that upon arrival to the new land volunteers were often forced to live in the severe conditions of lack of infrastructure. They had to live in tents or field trailers. At the same time, settlers themselves could improve their living conditions by building state-farm (sovkhoz) settlements. Such work required a lot of effort. The average working time was 12–14 hours a day, regardless of the age, length of service and experience of a volunteer who arrived to the virgin lands. Earnings ranged between 500–1400 rubles per month in average. Food supply system in the new land development areas was essential to support the physical strength of the volunteers. However, as contemporaries remember, the food was unsatisfactory. The diet, as a rule, was monotonous, in view of which workers often staged strikes. In the end, gradually the infrastructure in the virgin lands acquired the level usual for the Central Russia. In particular, leisure time outside the virgin lands was spent in cinemas, clubs, libraries, amateur circles, holding sports competitions. However, social security was in poor condition as well as medical care. Not all medical centers worked; there was a constant lack of doctors, which led to increased injuries. Many volunteers who came to the new lands had no experience in agriculture – in this regard, medicine played an important role in the daily life of virgin lands. New settlers also faced a number of problems, which led to disruption of the usual daily life. In particular, cases of hooliganism caused by alcoholism, fights with lethal outcomes were frequent in the new lands. The indigenous population was often hostile to visitors. In addition, the residents of virgin lands were harmed by the military, who conducted nuclear weapons tests in the vicinity of new farms. In the end, the new settlers were able to cope with the difficulties they were facing and in a short time established a large-scale production of grain crops. Due to this, the country was able to temporarily overcome the food issue that had become urgent in the post-war period. Key words: living conditions, working process, wages, leisure, daily life, virgin and fallow lands.
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EMELYANOV, D. V. "EXHIBITION PROJECT "TIME OF VIRGIN LANDS" ALTAI STATE MUSEUM OF LOCAL LORE WITHIN THE FRAMEWORK OF THE AGRICULTURAL FORUM "SIBERIAN FIELD DAY-2024"." Field studies in the Upper Ob, Irtysh and Altai (archeology, ethnography, oral history and museology) 19 (2024): 258–65. https://doi.org/10.37386/2687-0584-2024-19-258-265.
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The article presents the experience of creating an extramusory exhibition project dedicated to the development of virgin and fallow lands in the Altai Territory. Using the installation method, the theme of the history of everyday life of virgin lands in the regions of the Altai Territory in the 1950s is revealed.
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Mironova, Anastasiya V., Igor’ V. Liskin, and Andrey I. Panov. "Technology for restoring virgin and fallow lands." Tekhnicheskiy servis mashin, no. 2 (June 10, 2020): 111–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.22314/2618-8287-2020-58-2-111-121.
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The soils that are subject to restoration include virgin and fallow lands, neglected pastures, soils overgrown with shrubs and young trees, swampy, with admixtures of hummocks and debris. The article shows the shortest period of restoration of virgin and fallow lands. (Research purpose) The research purpose is in comparative analysis of the need for equipment, economic and labor costs for the restoration of fallow lands using traditional and proposed by VIM technologies. (Materials and methods) Authors determined the indicators that characterize the properties of the soil for its restoration. It has been taken into account that for the treatment of this fallow soil, it is preferable to use combined aggregates or equipment with replaceable working bodies. Authors have compiled a set of aggregates for the proposed by VIM technology for soil recovery. The article shows the most productive and economically viable technology. The calculations of the cost of the necessary units, fuel and lubricants consumption, and labor costs are presented. (Results and discussion) It was determined that the restoration of fallow lands using the technology proposed by VIM reduces the cost of using the machine and tractor fleet by 35 percent by reducing the number of agricultural machines, fuel and lubricants by 17 percent, and the labor costs by 12 percent. The article shows that the efficiency of implementing the technology proposed by VIM for restoring virgin and fallow lands without shrubs and trees can reach 28 percent or more. (Conclusions) From the point of view of ecology, resource and energy saving, the most preferable are soil-processing combined units or agricultural machinery with changing working bodies (including those that perform various tasks). When restoring a 200-hectare section of fallow land with a heavy clay mechanical composition on soils that have not been treated for four consecutive years, according to the proposed VIM technology, the cost of restoration decreased by an average of 28 percent.
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Demakina, Irina Igorevna, Elena Vladimirovna Zavyalova, Anastasiya Sergeevna Buzueva, and Boris Viktorovich Fisenko. "Ecological features of the formation of fertility and productivity of biocenoses on chernozem soils of the Saratov region." Agrarian Scientific Journal, no. 12 (December 13, 2022): 23–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.28983/asj.y2022i12pp23-26.
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An analysis of the species composition of vegetation on fallow plots of different duration and virgin lands made it possible to conclude that the fallow plots succession to the state of virgin lands with increasing age. Comparison of zootechnical parameters of hay from experimental agrocenoses made it possible to state that the average content of fat, ash and fiber for fallow variants is 17.0%, 9.8% and 7.7%, respectively, higher than in hay of the virgin variant. Analysis of the chemical composition of the hay of the experimental agrocenoses showed that the average concentrations of nitrogen, carbon, calcium and magnesium in the hay were lower than in the hay of the virgin agrocenosis by 11.4%, 2.6%, 44.0% and 51 .8% respectively. At the same time, a higher content of available phosphorus and potassium in the hay of fallow agrocenoses by 9.3% and 17.1%, respectively, was observed compared to virgin agrocenosis.
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Abdigali, Nurken, and Sayat Nabiev. "THE HISTORY OF PEOPLES IN KAZAKHSTAN DURING THE VIRGIN LANDS: PROCESS AND CONSEQUENCES." Journal of history 114, no. 3 (2024): 31–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.26577/jh.2024.v114i3-03.
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The article describes the demographic impact of the peoples who moved to Kazakhstan during the years of development of virgin and fallow lands, one of the largest reforms under the Soviet regime. During this resettlement process, the number of diasporas in Kazakh lands increased dramatically, and the Kazakh people became a minority. This was especially evident in the northern regions of Kazakhstan, where virgin lands were built up. Over the years of developing virgin and fallow lands, Kazakhstan has moved from various industries to the forefront in the union republics. Also during the migration process there were visitors from other countries, except for the union republics. In particular, the Kazakhs who moved to China during the famine were given the opportunity to return to their homeland. Such an event, to a lesser extent, had a significant impact on the share of the Kazakh population in the demographic situation. This migration process was large-scale both territorially and ethnically. During the period in which the chronology of the virgin lands entered, the movement of peoples was also directed to an external channel. Chechens, Ingush, Karachays, Balkars, and others who were involuntarily deported to Kazakhstan during World War II. The peoples were able to return to their homeland. However, most of them remained in Kazakhstan. The article uses monographs, articles and statistical collections of researchers from the beginning of the Mother of God years to the present day. In addition, with the help of the historical-comparative method, the migration process of the peoples of this period was compared with statistical data.
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Usupova, Cholpon, Rakhat Satybaldieva, Bibizhamal Omarova, Bekzhan Kamzayev, and Zhanna Mazhitova. "Problems of developing a culture of treatment of intestinal infections in Tselinograd in the 1970s." E3S Web of Conferences 376 (2023): 02031. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202337602031.
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The paper notes that after the establishment of the Virgin Lands area, specialists from all republics of the former Soviet Union came to the reclamation of virgin lands. Intestinal diseases, like other infectious diseases, were widespread among the local and arriving population. The authors have shown that large epidemic outbreaks of intestinal infections were possible in organized and unorganized collectives of residents of Tselinograd in case of violation of sanitary and hygienic regulations. Attempts, made by the city’s health authorities, did not always lead to an improvement in the quality of medical care. The authors emphasize that the shortage of specialists and healthcare institutions, violation of the treatment regimen, and other reasons influenced the deterioration of the epidemiological situation. The authors pay attention to the main directions and specific actions of the city administration to carry out epidemic control measures on the example of the sanitary service of Tselinograd during the difficult period of reclamation of virgin lands in Kazakhstan in the 1970s.
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Chebochakov, E. Ya, O. A. Ivanov, A. I. Kapsargin, and V. N. Murtaev. "The impact of technologies for the development and use of virgin, fallow lands on agroecological stability and soil fertility." Agrarian science 1, no. 9 (2024): 82–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.32634/0869-8155-2024-386-9-82-87.
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Relevance. The research was carried out in order to analyze the impact of technologies for the development of virgin and fallow lands on erosion processes in the steppe zone in the 60s and modern conditions.Methods. The analysis of approaches to the prevention of soil degradation and desertification of the territory is carried out based on materials obtained in the steppe zone of the Republic of Khakassia in the second half of the XX century and in modern conditions. We used the results of the application of technologies for the development of virgin and fallow lands of Tselinnoye LLC in different periods. Information about dust storms was taken from data from the Bey and Shire weather stations. In 1954–1960 when plowing the chernozem of the southern virgin lands, technology was used using plows, huskers and other tillage tools. The lack of adapted ways of developing and using new lands has led to an outbreak of wind erosion of soils over large areas, including in the south-east of the country.Results. The dump system of soil treatment during the mass development of virgin and fallow lands in the 60s, without taking into account soil, climatic and other conditions, led to a strong development of wind erosion. The number of days with dust storms in Khakassia reached up to 4.8–11.6 per year. In modern conditions, the removal of highly ventilated soils from arable lands and the use of strip placement of crops and minimal tillage on the rest of the arable land contribute to increasing the erosion resistance of agricultural landscapes. The use of the Tornado 500 herbicide in August during the development of the deposit reduces the erodibility by 2.5 times, compared with the technology with its introduction in early summer.
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Chimitdorzhieva, E. O. "Protease activity of mealy-carbonated chernozems under different types of land use." Агрохимия, no. 8 (September 13, 2024): 88–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.31857/s0002188124080126.
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The protease activity of powdery carbonate chernozems (Haplic Chernozem Hypocalcic) was studied under various types of land use – arable land, virgin land, fallow. The research area is located in the Tugnui basin, Mukhorshibirsky district, Republic of Buryatia. The activity of the protease enzyme was determined by application using photographic film, which was laid in a layer of 0–20 cm of soil. Observations of protease activity in the first year of the study showed that the maximum activity occurred at the end of July–beginning of August. On arable land, the indicator was 35–39%, on fallow land – 34– 36%, on virgin land – 33–39%. In the 2nd year of the study, proteolytic activity increased from the beginning of the growing season. The first peak of activity was observed in the 2nd half of July, which amounted to 44% in arable land, 43% in fallow, and 47% in virgin lands. The second peak of protease activity occurred in the 2nd half of August and amounted to 30% in arable land, 35% in fallow and 37% in virgin lands. In chernozems, proteolytic activity was higher in virgin lands, its intensity decreased from arable land to fallow lands. This indicated an average proteolytic activity in powdery carbonate chernozems under various types of land use. Focality and mosaic character were noted during gelatin hydrolysis as a result of 10-day exposure in all variants. This indicated an uneven distribution of enzyme systems in the soil column and the presence of separate microzones with different protease activity. Statistical processing of the data showed that the activity of proteases depended on hydrothermal conditions.
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Belov, Andrey M., and Andrey A. Rybin. "Was the Virgin Lands Campaign a Venture? To the 70th Anniversary of the New Land Use." Вестник антропологии (Herald of Anthropology), no. 4 (January 19, 2025): 395–407. https://doi.org/10.33876/2311-0546/2024-4/395-407.
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The issue of developing new lands continues to be relevant in our country and around the world. On a global scale, the world’s population is actively growing, people are increasingly bringing undeveloped lands into the agricultural cycle, thus increasing the space for living. On the world stage, Russia ranks first in terms of land resources that need to be further developed. Proper use of vacant land will give our country the opportunity to solve the problem of food security and become independent of food imports from abroad. In addition, it will be possible to increase the export of food products to other countries. The purpose of this work is a comprehensive review of the historical experience of the Soviet Union in the development of the virgin lands in the middle of the 20th century. In particular, the study pays attention to the problem of participation of the Upper Volga economic region in the development of the virgin lands. The study is based on scientific and research literature and on archival data. Using the method of regional research, it was possible to determine the volume of work done by the people of the Upper Volga region in the virgin lands of Kazakhstan in 1954–1956. The results of the study revealed that in the first years of the development of the new lands in the Kazakh SSR, the people of Ivanovo, Kostroma and Yaroslavl managed to organize 13 new grain farms on their own, to staff collective farms and state farms with qualified personnel, thereby laying the foundation for the development of virgin lands infrastructure. We came to the conclusion that the personnel from Upper Volga played a notable role in the development of the regions of Northern Kazakhstan. Today, the Republic of Kazakhstan is the largest producer and exporter of wheat, the gross harvest in 2022–2023 amounted to 16.4 million tons. In many ways, today’s success is based on the economic transformations of the mid-20th century, when agricultural and industrial infrastructure was built in the empty steppe.
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Medvedev, Ivan Philippovich, Anastasiya Serggevna Buzueva, Valentina Ivanovna Ephimova, et al. "The effect of nitrogen fertilizers on the formation of root and vegetative masses of plants of various cenosis." Agrarian Scientific Journal, no. 10 (October 23, 2019): 34–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.28983/asj.y2019i10pp34-39.
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The article presents the results of a study of the effect of nitrogen fertilizers on the productivity of the root and vegetative masses of various cenosis (virgin lands, fallow lands, arable land under spring wheat) in an agrolandscape.
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Pakhomova, Elena V. "Virgin Frontier: Features of Virgin Land Development in Orenburg Region." RUDN Journal of Russian History 19, no. 3 (2020): 625–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.22363/2312-8674-2020-19-3-625-640.
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The present article studies the massive virgin land campaigns as a special frontier process of the Soviet period. The author characterizes virgin regions as a space of a unique inner frontier. The main prerequisite for the beginning of a large-scale development campaign was the presence, in the East of the country, of vast areas that were sparsely populated and almost unused. This study identifies Orenburg region as one of the largest regions that saw an attack on virgin land. As the virgin campaign unfolded, it began to face various kinds of problems and difficulties. In the process of plowing new land masses, the specifics of the regions in the immediate development zone were practically not taken into account. The use of standardized techniques had a negative impact on the development of the farms established on virgin land. Obvious mistakes were made in the course of organizing the production and social infrastructure. The article focuses on the difficult living and working conditions on virgin land in the first years. The development of new lands led to the formation of a unique virgin area. Its creation was preceded by a complex process. A virgin brotherhood emerged through the joint overcoming of many difficulties, in parallel with the development of virgin villages. At the initial stage, the territorial and informational isolation of the region contributed to the consolidation of the resettlement community. It is demonstrated that the virgin land gradually lost the features typical for frontier regions. Already by the mid-1960s, the zone of development of new lands in Orenburg region almost completely lost the inherent frontier specificity that it had at the beginning of the campaign.
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Ramzaev, V. P., and A. N. Barkovsky. "Method for identifying areas of virgin soils using a portable gamma-spectrometer-dosimeter." Radiatsionnaya Gygiena = Radiation Hygiene 13, no. 2 (2020): 123–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.21514/1998-426x-2020-13-2-123-128.
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The dose rate of gamma radiation in air at a height of 1 m above the surface of virgin (undisturbed) soil is the starting point in the basic model that is used to estimate the dose of external radiation to the population living in areas contaminated due to the Chernobyl accident. Today, i.e. more than 30 years after the fallout, the finding of truly virgin lands is a rather difficult task, because many meadows were repeatedly plowed and/or rehabilitated after the accident. The purpose of this study was to develop a quantitative criterion for the detection of virgin soil areas using a portable gamma-ray spectrometer-dosimeter. To achieve this, we have conducted a statistical analysis of published and new data on the use of in situ gamma-ray spectrometry in radioactively contaminated territories of the Bryansk region of Russia and the Gomel region of Belarus in 2015–2018. The sample contains results of decoding 60 gamma spectra recorded at a height of 1 m above the ground in virgin meadows, cultivated lands and forests. Based on the performed analysis, a quantitative dosimetric criterion is proposed for in situ identification of virgin soils using a portable gamma-spectrometer-dosimeter. The article presents an algorithm for searching a virgin plot.
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Kotsik, Stanislav Aleksandrovich. "The implementation of N. S. Khrushchev's "virgin lands campaign" in the Krasnoyarsk Territory." Manuscript 18, no. 1 (2025): 329–36. https://doi.org/10.30853/mns20250048.
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The purpose of the study is to identify the main features of the virgin land campaign in the Krasnoyarsk Territory during the years of N. S. Khrushchev's leadership. The article highlights the main measures for the organization, conduct and elimination of problems during the virgin campaign. The paper also provides quantitative and qualitative indicators of agricultural development, on the basis of which the impact of the virgin land campaign on the increase in grain production in the Krasnoyarsk Territory is considered. The scientific novelty of the research is determined by the weak knowledge of the topic of agricultural transformations by N. S. Khrushchev on the territory of the Krasnoyarsk Territory, as well as relying on archival documents that were first introduced into scientific circulation. As a result of the study, it was found that the virgin land campaign contributed to a significant increase in grain production in the region, rapid economic growth in the main areas of its implementation, and improved working and living conditions of the Soviet peasantry. At the same time, the slowdown in the virgin land campaign in the second half of the 1950s and the first half of the 1960s was due to the persistence of a number of agricultural production problems. The unsuccessful completion of the virgin land campaign demonstrated to the Khrushchev leadership the exhaustion of the potential of an extensive course of agrarian development, and also determined the turn of agrarian policy towards the intensification of agriculture.
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M.K., Seytimbetov. "The History of The Nukus-Chimbay Railway Construction." American Journal Of Social Sciences And Humanity Research 5, no. 4 (2025): 110–13. https://doi.org/10.37547/ajsshr/volume05issue04-25.
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The article examines the construction history of the Nukus-Chimbay railway, which plays a significant role in developing the productive forces of the northern regions of the republic, further developing new virgin lands and fallow lands, and further improving the cultural and living standards of the population.
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Mazhitova, Zhanna, Minar Amrina, Zauresh Saktaganova, Valeria Kozina, Svetlana Yeleukhanova, and Akkaiyn Balykova. "The Baltic Peoples in the Development of Virgin Lands in Kazakhstan: Cultural Relations and Standards / Deviations in Everyday Life (The 1950s–1960s)." Journal of Ecohumanism 3, no. 6 (2024): 1960–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.62754/joe.v3i6.4151.
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This article aims to investigate the issues of “standards and deviations” in the everyday life of the Baltic peoples who came to Kazakhstan for the development of virgin and fallow lands in the 1950s and 1960s. The authors attempted to trace the history of the appearance of the Baltic peoples on the territory of Kazakhstan, as well as issues of “standards and deviations” in everyday life during the years of virgin lands development. The study focuses on the fact that assistance from the Baltic republics to virgin land Kazakhstan with human and material resources has become the norm of the Soviet everyday life. The state and party organs imperatively implemented the standards of contribution and “behaviour” of the Soviet republics in the implementation of the virgin project, shaping various positive/negative socio-cultural everyday practices. According to the authors, the Soviet leadership created “deviations” in the form of protest sentiments, inter-ethnic conflicts and discontent of national minorities on a wide range of political and socio-economic issues through ideological principles.
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Makunina, NI. "Fallow Lands of Tuva (Russia): 30 years of Steppe Demutation." Journal of Plant Science and Phytopathology 7, no. 3 (2023): 113–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.29328/journal.jpsp.1001115.
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Tuva has been a cattle-breeding region since ancient times, extremely continental climate of this region is little suitable for agriculture. However, the steppes of intermountain depressions in Tuva were heavily plowed by the early 1980s. In the 1990s most of the arable lands were abandoned; the process of restoration (demutation) of natural vegetation on fallow lands began. By now, 30 years later, the old fallows are expected to achieve the stage of the secondary steppe. The purpose of this work is to estimate the differences between virgin steppes and corresponding secondary steppes in Tuva. Tussock, hummock, and desert virgin steppes have been compared with corresponding to three types of 30-year-old fallow communities. For this study, 330 geobotanical releves have been used. The criteria for comparison have been chosen as follows: the similarity of species composition, the spectrum of dominant species, species richness, grass cover, and grass height. The statistical validity of their differences has been verified. According to these criteria, virgin steppes and their 30-year-old fallow derivatives are shown to differ significantly.
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Pakhomova, Elena Vitalyevna. "The «second virgin land» performance: an attempt to implement the «super program» in the Orenburg Region." Samara Journal of Science 8, no. 3 (2019): 239–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.17816/snv201983221.
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This paper discusses complex problems of the second virgin land performance - livestock production development. The study analyzes specific conditions in the late 1950s when a massive campaign began; it was widely covered in the periodicals. The author and ideological inspirer of the new project was N.S. Khrushchev, he believed that the farms established on the virgin lands had all the necessary resources for the effective development of the livestock industry. In this regard, in the paper, special attention is paid to the study of a real state of affairs in state farms organized shortly before as well as their potential capabilities identification. At the same time, feature characteristics of the second virgin land performance on the territory of the Orenburg Territory were noted. The information given in this paper allows us to trace the dynamics of animal husbandry development in the virgin regions. We study the impact of the campaign on the development of traditional pasture and stall (stall-pasture) livestock, characterized by the main ways to improve production efficiency. We raise a problem of providing virgin lands with human resources - specialists demanded directly in the livestock industry. The conducted research allows us to assume that the result of the second virgin land performance was a unique experience; however, the results of this campaign are mixed.
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Mussagaliyeva, Arailym, and Roza Mussabekova. "Activities of the All-Union Research Institute of Grain Farming in the Framework of Combating Soil Erosion in Virgin Regions of Kazakhstan (1960–1970)." Vestnik Volgogradskogo gosudarstvennogo universiteta. Serija 4. Istorija. Regionovedenie. Mezhdunarodnye otnoshenija, no. 3 (July 2020): 31–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.15688/jvolsu4.2020.3.3.
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Introduction. The history of the contribution of Soviet scientists to the development of virgin and fallow lands in Kazakhstan is one of the relevant and new topics in the study of the history of the USSR in modern society. Methods and materials. Studying the history of a large agricultural project of the Soviet Union is necessary to develop new concepts in modern historical science. In Soviet and modern historiography, historians have studied virgin soil as a political and economic reform of the state. In this vein, the contribution of Soviet scientists who solved the issues of environmental and economic efficiency of this agrarian reform was not sufficiently represented. The works do not present the fight against land erosion, organized by the All-Union Research Institute of Grain Farming located in Northern Kazakhstan. Analysis. For scientific work and research of virgin lands, the opening of the AllUnion Scientific Research Institute of Grain Farming in Northern Kazakhstan was necessary. Famous agricultural scientists worked at the institute; they conducted their research in the fields of Tselinny Krai. Academician A.I. Baraev, breeder, academician V. Kuzmin were among them. They were engaged not only in scientific work, but also in a short time saved the virgin lands of Kazakhstan. Their direct scientific work was related to the fight against land erosion and the protection of soils from wind erosion. At the Institute, scientists created new soil tilling tools and seeders, improved a new farming system, and created new highly productive varieties of crops. The Institute defended dissertations on topics related to the fight against land erosion, and conducted many scientific projects. Results. The work with new sources of local archives of Kazakhstan makes it possible to talk about the enormous contribution of Soviet scientists in the development of virgin and long-fallow lands of the arid North Kazakhstan and the development of agriculture in this region. Their experience and scientific results were invaluable in the agricultural sector of the republic.
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Komilov, Oybek. "Mastering of virgin lands in Uzbekistan (as an example of Surkhan-Sherabad deserts, 1950-1980)." Общество и инновации 5, no. 2/S (2024): 125–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.47689/2181-1415-vol5-iss2/s-pp125-129.
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In the article, under the influence of the agrarian policy of the Soviet government in Uzbekistan in the 1950s-1980s, the issues of the mastering of virgin lands in Surkhan-Sherabad, the establishment of regions and cotton fields on new lands were thoroughly analyzed using the information from archival documents and periodical press publications.
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Rychkov, Aleksandr V. "Environmental Lessons of Virgin Lands: Organisational and Scientific Aspects." Izvestia of the Ural federal university. Series 2. Humanities and Arts 25, no. 1 (2023): 257–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.15826/izv2.2023.25.1.017.
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This article considers the reasons for the aggravation of the ecological situation which manifested itself in the wind erosion of soil over vast territories during the mass development of virgin lands in the Soviet Union through the prism of the history of agricultural science. The author refers to materials from central and regional archives, most of which are being introduced into scholarly circulation for the first time; the article also refers to special agricultural literature. The author outlines the main approaches to solving the grain problem in the eastern part of the USSR: the introduction of new territories into agricultural use, on the one hand, and the introduction of new varieties of grain crops into production, on the other. In conditions where the main attention of the state was directed to accelerated industrialisation, scientists considered these approaches the most accessible and realistic. It is substantiated that the subsequent reorientation of science towards selection as the main means of developing agricultural production led to the curtailment of research in the field of soil science and agricultural technology. According to the author, this negatively affected both the process of allocating land for virgin land development and limited the possibilities of science in terms of the operational development of a soil-protective system of agriculture. Later, by the end of the 1950s, the accumulation of virgin soil experience and research by scientists made it possible to propose recommendations to ensure soil protection from wind erosion. However, their implementation was restrained by the predominance of administrative approaches in implementation activities and the associated mistrust of production workers in the recommendations of science. The author concludes that the widespread introduction of a soil-protective system of agriculture became possible only in the second half of the 1960s when the necessary state-legal and organisational-scientific conditions were created for this and administrative “excesses” were eliminated. The development of the entire front of scientific research and the formation of a mechanism for the rapid introduction of scientific recommendations into production are necessary conditions for the implementation of major national economic programmes.
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Ruzikulova, Maftunakhon. "THЕ HISTORY OF CЕNTRAL FЕRGHANA IRRIGATION (1950-1991)". TAMADDUN NURI JURNALI 1, № 64 (2025): 280–84. https://doi.org/10.69691/xze5zg31.
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Thе articlе dеscribеs, using primary sourcеs, thе procеssеs of dеvеlopmеnt and irrigation of virgin lands in Cеntral Fеrghana, as wеll as thе formation of districts and statе farms on thеsе lands basеd on thе cotton monopoly policy of thе Soviеt govеrnmеnt, incrеasing thе dеlivеry of cotton to thе Cеntеr and thеir nеgativе consеquеncеs. In addition, it is chronologically еstablishеd that from yеar to yеar capital funds arе allocatеd from thе statе budgеt and indivisiblе funds of collеctivе farms for thе dеvеlopmеnt of nеw lands in thе vallеy.
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Alimbaev, Turgai, Chinara Beksultanova, Zhanna Mazhitova, Gulzhamal Choybekova, Gulsunkan Zhunushalieva, and Nazira Tentigul kyzy. "The beginning of virgin lands development in Pavlodar region (in 1954)." E3S Web of Conferences 371 (2023): 06017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202337106017.
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The article focuses on the initial stage of the virgin and fallow lands development in Pavlodar region. The authors elaborated on the climatic features of the region, noting that this territory was characterized by complex natural and climatic zones and had huge deposits of minerals. The climate in north-eastern Kazakhstan was sharply continental, arid, and the soils were mostly unsuitable for farming, so the cultivation of grain crops was fraught with huge risks and difficulties. The authors conclude that, despite the natural, climatic and other difficulties encountered, the virgin land development activities were completed successfully and in the first years the sown area of grain crops in the Pavlodar region was significantly increased.
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Dembitsky, N. P., and S. I. Ljalkina. "Leonid Brezhnev – a land manager and an innovator in the development of virgin lands." Zemleustrojstvo, kadastr i monitoring zemel' (Land management, cadastre and land monitoring), no. 3 (March 6, 2023): 149–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.33920/sel-04-2303-03.
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Bratusa, Tina. "Between devotional practice and propaganda: miraculous images of the Virgin Mary in Marian pilgrimage churches in Slovenian Styria." CEM, no. 14 (2022): 53–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.21747/2182-1097/14a3.
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The purpose of this paper is to discuss different aspects of the miraculous depictions of the Virgin Mary in selected Marian pilgrimage churches in Styria, Slovenia. The paper focuses in particular on the devotional practices and propaganda context associated with such depictions of the Virgin Mary.Throughouthistory Styrians — Slovenian and Austrian alike — have been particularly strongly attached to the Virgin Mary as the patron of the Habsburg lands. Consequently, miraculous images of the Virgin Mary in various forms were widespread. The immense popularity of the Virgin Mary and the miraculousness attributed to her images encouraged the foundation of many pilgrim routes and churches. The importance of such images can be seen in ex-votos, miracle books, the depictions of miracles in church interiors as well as the numerous holy cards, not to mention the diverse devotional practices
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Komilov, Oybek. "Land reclamation and irrigation measures of virgin lands in Karshi steppe." Общество и инновации 2, no. 12/S (2022): 360–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.47689/2181-1415-vol2-iss12/s-pp360-365.
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This article discusses the development of virgin lands and the increase of the cotton monopoly in the Karshi steppe, during the Soviet period. The data is analyzed with the involvement of archival materials, historical literature and media materials.
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Viswanathan, Meera S., Helena Forsas-Scott, Chandra Talpade Mohanty, Ann Russo, and Lourdes Torres. "Maiden Voyages through Virgin Lands: Mapping Feminism in the World." Contemporary Literature 35, no. 2 (1994): 391. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/1208847.
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Mironova, Anastasiya V., Igor’ V. Liskin, and Irina I. Afonina. "Economic feasibility of restoration of degraded and neglected lands." Tekhnicheskiy servis mashin, no. 3 (August 20, 2020): 79–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.22314/2618-8287-2020-58-3-79-90.
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Neglect of soils leads to their degradation, worsens useful properties, and reduces fertility and productivity. (Research purpose) The research purpose is in conducting a comparative analysis of technologies for treating degraded soils, taking into account the economic feasibility of their restoration in non-black-soil regions of Russia. (Materials and methods) The article shows the main technological scheme of restoration of degraded soils. Authors have identified the main groups of land that are located in non-black-soil regions of Russia. (Results and discussion) The article presents the need for equipment, economic and labor costs for the restoration of each type of land in the non-black-soil regions of Russia. Authors took into account that the salary of machine operators depends on the time of direct execution of the task. It was found that the restoration of virgin and fallow lands was the most preferable from the economic, energy-saving and environmental points of view. The article shows that the restoration of pasture areas exceeds the cost of processing virgin lands, but the number of necessary machine and tractor units is comparable to work on virgin lands. Authors recommend to develop the soils with woody and shrubby vegetation in the first place, starting with land occupied by young plants. It is necessary to take into account the criteria for the fertility of the soil layer. It was found that soils with a small excess of moisture have small cost of its development, while on heavily swampy soils the cost of work on their development is many times higher than the cost of restoring other types of land. (Conclusion) The article shows that the restoration of neglected land is a necessary condition for improving the provision of human needs for food and a number of industrial goods. First of all, it is necessary to develop land that requires minimal investment of economic and labor costs.
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Kocheshkov, G. N., та A. V. Grebenshchikov. "Художественно-образная рефлексия темы освоения целины в творчестве Д. К. Мочальского". Вестник гуманитарного образования, № 3(31) (5 грудня 2023): 148–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.25730/vsu.2070.23.048.
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The article is devoted to the identification and understanding of the main artistic images used by Soviet artists in describing one of the most striking state projects of the "thaw" period – the program for the development of virgin and fallow lands in the Soviet Union, developed in the 1954–1960-ies. The attention of researchers is focused on the work of the People's Artist of the USSR Dmitry Konstantinovich Mochalsky (1908– 1988), the author of the cycle of paintings "People of virgin lands", Professor MGAKHI n. a. V. I. Surikov, a teacher who traveled to the virgin lands with students and had followers in the image of the campaign. The paper actualizes the problems of the representation of the virgin epic in various types of Soviet art, formulates conclusions about the features of the visual reflection of the campaign, puts forward theses about the potential of paintings about virgin land as a historical source, about the connection of the thematic heritage of the artist with the main trends in the development of Soviet painting era. Based on the material of the rich creative heritage of D. K. The authors of the article identify and interpret the most common images in the visualization of the program, which should include the image of a virgin and virgin land, labor collectivism, the image of a family and a child on virgin land, steppe landscape and nature, virgin life. The authors of the article come to the conclusion that the artist proposes to perceive virgin land as a special socio-cultural space, which is characterized by a close emotional connection between the participants of the campaign, the atmosphere of romance of everyday work and virgin life, the availability of opportunities for socialist creation, as well as for the creation of a family, the birth and upbringing of children. According to the researchers, the works depicting the virgin epic testify to the preservation of the positions of socialist realism as the main artistic style when describing large state projects during the years of the "thaw". Статья посвящена выявлению и осмыслению основных художественных образов, используемых советскими художниками при описании одного из наиболее ярких государственных проектов периода «оттепели» – программы по освоению целинных и залежных земель в Советском Союзе, разрабатываемой в 1954–1960-е гг. Внимание исследователей сосредоточено на творчестве народного художника СССР Дмитрия Константиновича Мочальского (1908–1988), автора цикла картин «Люди целинных земель», профессора МГАХИ имени В. И. Сурикова, преподавателя, выезжавшего на целину со студентами и имевшего последователей в изображении кампании. В работе актуализируется проблематика репрезентации целинной эпопеи в различных видах советского искусства, формулируются выводы об особенностях визуального отражения кампании, выдвигаются тезисы о потенциале произведений живописи о целине как исторического источника, о связи тематического наследия художника с основными тенденциями развития советской живописи эпохи. На материале богатого творческого наследия Д. К. Мочальского авторы статьи выделяют и интерпретируют наиболее часто встречающиеся образы в визуализации программы, к которым следует отнести образ целинника и целинницы, трудового коллективизма, образ семьи и ребенка на целине, степного ландшафта и природы, целинного быта. Авторы статьи приходят к выводу, что художник предлагает воспринимать целину как особое социокультурное пространство, которое характеризуется тесной эмоциональной связью между участниками кампании, атмосферой романтики трудовых будней и целинного быта, наличием возможностей для социалистического созидания, а также для создания семьи, рождения и воспитания детей. По мнению исследователей, произведения с изображением целинной эпопеи свидетельствуют о сохранении позиций социалистического реализма как основного художественного стиля при описании больших государственных проектов в годы «оттепели».
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Samedov, P., and Z. Mustafayev. "Biological performance grey-brown (chestnut) soils, exposed by pollution of waste of Ganja aluminum plant." Bulletin of Science and Practice 5, no. 1 (2019): 182–86. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.2539659.
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The biological indicator of the natural under grass vegetation and biotopes of the virgin lands exposed to technogen pollution are examined in the article. An effect on soil invertebrates and microorganisms wastes is comparatively analyzed in Ganja aluminium plant
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Mazhitova, Zh S., Zh O. Khassenova, T. A. Alimbaev, and A. D. Utebayeva. "Methods of growing high grain yields in Northern Kazakhstan during the years of virgin lands development (the case of the Zarechny state farm)." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 1154, no. 1 (2023): 012056. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/1154/1/012056.
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Abstract This article examines the development of virgin and fallow lands in Kazakhstan in the 1950s. Since the climate in the Kazakh steppes was sharply continental, arid, and the soils unsuitable for farming, the cultivation of grain crops was associated with huge risks and difficulties. Everywhere in those years a great number of state farms were established in Kazakhstan, which had to develop not only vast areas in extraordinary conditions and terms, but also apply innovative for that time and for that area methods of cultivation of high yields of grain crops. Analysis of the materials showed that, despite the difficult natural and climatic conditions, lack of agricultural machinery and labour, the virgin lands cultivators harvested high yields by applying the method of layer-by-layer tillage. The authors concluded that in the course of land use state farm specialists tried to maintain the quality characteristics of the soil.
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Nagaibayeva, Zauresh, Valeria Kozina, Zinakul Bissembayeva, Zhanna Mazhitova, Dina Kurbanova, and Zauresh Saktaganova. "On the dermatovenereological service of the Tselinny kray (1962–1963)." E3S Web of Conferences 381 (2023): 02017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202338102017.
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This article deals with the organization of dermatovenereological services for the population in 1962–1963 in the Tselinny kray. The authors analyze the complex of reasons that led to the weak development of this area of medicine in the northern regions of Kazakhstan. The measures of regional and local executive authorities for the development of medical services for the population are considered. A sharp increase in the population of virgin lands put on the agenda the issues of accelerated development of medical services, the construction of dispensaries, hospitals and clinics. The authors emphasize that the fight against the growth of dermatovenereological diseases caused by the beginning of mass migration of people to the development of virgin and fallow lands became an important area of health development. The authors conclude that notable successes in the development of the dermatovenereological service in the region, however, did not fully solve the emerging problems of disease prevention and treatment, which in turn led to the periodicity of updating this issue.
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Hasanova, T., G. Mammadova, and G. Asgarova. "Phytomass of Gray-Brown Soils Forming in Arid Ecosystem of Azerbaijan." Bulletin of Science and Practice 7, no. 9 (2021): 110–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.33619/2414-2948/70/11.
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Formed in the arid ecosystem of the Greater Caucasus, gray-brown soils were studied in comparison with the phytomass in natural and cultivated cenoses, along with the agrochemical properties of these soils. Comparative study of these indicators on the dominant lands of economically important regions is innovative. Soils of various herbaceous natural cenoses and cover of cultivated cenoses, as well as their agrochemical properties, are important for attracting virgin soils to agriculture. The results show that these lands are suitable for agriculture and high yields.
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Belov, Andrey M., and Andrey A. Rybin. "RESIDENTS OF KOSTROMA REGION ON UNBROKEN VIRGIN SOIL IN 1954–1964." Historical Search 2, no. 3 (2021): 5–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.47026/2712-9454-2021-2-3-5-9.
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The virgin land campaign of 1954–1964 became a bright page in the national history and an example of the labor heroism of Soviet citizens. Its results were contradictory. On the one hand, in the difficult post-war years, the state managed to temporarily relieve food tension; on the other hand, plowing of large land plots in the east of the country resulted in an environmental disaster, which subsequently caused a new food crisis in the USSR, which led to grain purchases abroad. The lessons of the virgin epic are relevant today. In today’s rapidly changing world, the state must provide its citizens with food security, besides, Russia has a great agricultural potential. One of the main tasks of the Soviet state at the time of the new lands development was the task of providing qualified workers to the developed areas in order to get crops in a short time. Many regions of the country, under the draft of the Communist Party, were to send volunteers to empty lands. Residents of Kostroma region and other regions of the Soviet Union took an active part in the virgin land campaign and contributed to the development of the country’s agricultural sector. The study of archival materials, memoirs of campaign participants, periodicals makes it possible to establish what role the residents of Kostroma region played in implementing the virgin land campaign. The article contains excerpts from the participants’ memoirs about the course of the campaign, the working process and examines the results of the work carried out by Kostroma people on the virgin land. This information throws new light on the problem under study and gives us an opportunity to look at the events of the past years from another aspect.
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Temnikova, Elena E. "Development of Virgin and Fallow Lands: Some Results of the Study." Historical Courier, no. 4 (August 28, 2021): 88–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.31518/2618-9100-2021-4-8.
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Orazbayeva, Altaiy, Valeria Kozina, Zhanna Mazhitova, and Dina Kurbanova. "Problems of establishment and activity of the antituberculosis service in Kazakhstan during Virgin Lands campaign (early 1960s)." E3S Web of Conferences 371 (2023): 06018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202337106018.
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The paper notes that after the formation of the Virgin Lands area in December 1960, the local health authorities faced a pressing issue of solving the problems of tuberculosis spread among the local population, as well as people resettled there. Tuberculosis, like other infectious diseases, was widespread in Kazakhstan. The establishment of tuberculosis dispensaries and the creation of fluorography and X-ray machines have provided an opportunity to expand preventive measures for the examination and detection of tuberculosis patients. The health authorities of the Virgin Lands area considered work in this direction as improving the quality of medical care. However, the quality of treatment was often reduced due to the facts that the treatment regimen was violated in several dispensaries, there were not enough specialists, control over the full and long-term treatment of tuberculosis patients was not imposed. The authors of the paper concluded that insufficient and not universal organization of medical care was one of the reasons for the high incidence of tuberculosis among the population.
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Mazhitova, Zh S., G. T. Isakhan, and A. S. Bektursyn. "Environmental Consequences of Virgin Land Development in Kazakhstan (based on Nur-Sultan City Archive)." Bulletin of the Karaganda university History.Philosophy series 3, no. 103 (2021): 55–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.31489/2021hph3/55-64.
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This paper discusses issues related to environmental problems that arose as a result of the virgin and fallow lands development in Kazakhstan in the second half of the twentieth century. The authors emphasize that the level of agricultural production in the post-war years failed to meet the needs of Soviet citizens. Under these conditions the massive plowing of land had to solve a whole range of tasks, first of all, to solve the problem of food hunger by means of a huge increase in the area for sowing grain crops. According to the authors, solid tracts of plowed soil, having a dark color, became very hot, provoking drought, which, with chronic manifestation, caused aridization of the entire steppe zone, causing significant drying up of rivers and lakes. The authors believe that large works on the virgin lands development have made serious changes in the nature of the region. Stocks of valuable hunting and game species of animals were undermined, and in some places completely destroyed. Taking advantage of the lack of control, the new settlers along with the local residents mercilessly consumed the gifts of the environment, which gave rise to massive poaching. The methodological basis of the study was the complex use of various approaches, methods and assessments used in interdisciplinary research.
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Vivancos, Miguel C. "Santo Domingo de Silos, redentor de cautivos, y unas gallinas de Berbería." Aldaba, no. 43 (March 7, 2019): 211. http://dx.doi.org/10.5944/aldaba.43.2018.23996.
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Santo Domingo de Silos (muerto en 1073) fue invocado como redentor de cautivos cristianos, que estaban en manos de los moros. Algunos de sus milagros suceden en el norte de África. Uno de ellos, reelaborado desde el siglo XV, explica la presencia en Silos de unas gallinas de raza especial. El milagro del moro y el arca fue atribuido también a la Virgen en algunos santuarios marianos.St Dominic of Silos (†1073) was invoked as the rescuer of Christian captives held in Muslim lands. Some of his miracles take place in North Africa. One of which, re-elaborated since the fiteenth century, explains how a special breed of hen came to be kept in Silos. The miracle of the Muslim and the treasure-chest was also attributed to the Virgin in some Marian sanctuary-collections.
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Kelly, Casey Ryan, and Ryan Neville-Shepard. "Virgin Lands: Gender, Nature, and the Frontier Myth in David Magnusson’s Purity." Women's Studies in Communication 43, no. 1 (2019): 1–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/07491409.2019.1696436.
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Orynbaeva, Gulmira. "The Study of the Virgin Lands in Kazakhstan Historiography: Results and Problems." Historical Courier, no. 4 (August 28, 2023): 106–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.31518/2618-9100-2023-4-8.
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Starodubcev, Tatjana. "The cult of the Virgin Zoodochoz pege and its reflection in the painting of the Palaiologan era." Zograf, no. 33 (2009): 101–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/zog0933101s.
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The paper discusses the ways in which the miraculous cult and newly established liturgy of the shrine of the Virgin 'Zoodochoz pege' near Constantinople influenced the formation of a specific presentation of the Mother of God in the Palaiologan era, both in the Romaic Empire, and in the Eastern Christian lands where the liturgy was not performed in the Greek language.
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Mazhitova, Zhanna, Aigul Zhalmurzina, Sveta Kolganatova, Aitzhan Orazbakov, and Tastanbek Satbai. "Environmental consequences of Khrushchev’s Virgin Land Campaign in Kazakhstan (1950s–1960s)." E3S Web of Conferences 258 (2021): 05036. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202125805036.
Full textAbstract:
This paper discusses issues related to environmental problems that arose as a result of the virgin and fallow lands development in Kazakhstan in the second half of the twentieth century. The authors emphasize that the level of agricultural production in the post-war years failed to meet the needs of Soviet citizens. Under these conditions, the massive plowing of land had to solve a whole range of tasks, first of all, to solve the problem of food hunger by means of a huge increase in the area for sowing grain crops. According to the authors, solid tracts of plowed soil, having a dark color, became very hot, provoking drought, which, with chronic manifestation, caused aridization of the entire steppe zone, causing significant drying up of rivers and lakes. The authors believe that large works on the virgin lands development have made serious changes in the nature of the region. Stocks of valuable hunting and game species of animals were undermined, and in some places completely destroyed. Taking advantage of the lack of control, the new settlers along with the local residents, mercilessly consumed the gifts of the environment, which gave rise to massive poaching. The methodological basis of the study was the complex use of various approaches, methods and assessments used in interdisciplinary research.
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Liskin, I. V., and A. V. Mironova. "Artificial Soil Environment Justification for Laboratory Studies of Wear and Traction Characteristics of Soil-Cutting Working Bodies." Agricultural Machinery and Technologies 14, no. 3 (2020): 53–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.22314/2073-7599-2020-14-3-53-58.
Full textAbstract:
The authors presented the results of laboratory studies of artificial soil based on sand-paraffin mixtures, reflecting the physical and mechanical soil properties with the presence of plant residues. They conducted tests to determine the soil-cutting working bodies’ traction resistance during tillage with the presence of root and crop residues.(Research purpose) To substantiate the parameters of an artificial soil environment containing models of root and crop residues for laboratory studies of the wear and traction characteristics of soil-cutting working bodies operated on post-harvest, virgin and fallow farmland.(Materials and methods) An artificial soil environment was developed by introducing filamentous components 5-25 millimeters long into its composition.(Results and discussion) The authors determined the criteria of geometric similarity “model – nature” for the soil conditions of the Non-Black Earth Zone of Russia. It was found that the equality of the criteria “model – nature” for laboratory research of fallow lands occurred when the length of the filamentous components was from 20 mm and the concentration was from 20 segments per unit cross-sectional area when passing 0.1 meter in artificial soil. It was revealed that for modeling old arable lands, the length of the filamentous components should exceed 5 millimeters, the concentration should be from 10 segments per 0.1 meter of the length of passage in artificial soil. The authors conducted field tests of arable units on fallow and old arable lands.(Conclusions) The authors found out that the equality of the geometric criteria for the similarity of the artificial soil environment and real soil conditions allowed laboratory studies of the wear and traction characteristics of the tillage working bodies’ blades. It was determined that more than 30 percent of energy costs were accounted for by breaking the root system of the vegetation cover on virgin and fallow lands.
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Buzylev, Aleksey, Mariya Tikhonova, and Aleksey Rudenskiy. "Spatial and temporal distribution of humidity and dynamics of greenhouse gas emissions from upper soil horizons in floodplain fallow lands of the Bashmakovsky district of the Penza region." АгроЭкоИнфо 6, no. 54 (2022): 43. http://dx.doi.org/10.51419/202126643.
Full textAbstract:
In order to ensure the food security of our country, after more than 60 years since the experience of plowing virgin lands, the state decided to return to circulation lands that were abandoned for some reason and have not been used in agriculture in recent years. The uplift of deposits will contribute to the overall increase in acreage and partial removal of the "fatigue" of actively exploited arable lands by the introduction of innovative farming systems. When introducing fallow territories into agricultural circulation, it is necessary to take into account agroecological indicators of the soil, moisture saturation of the soil horizon, which directly affects land reclamation measures and land productivity, and it is also necessary to assess greenhouse gas emissions in order to control emissions that are provided for by the Climate Agenda. The work was carried out within the framework of the NCMU "Agrotechnologies of the Future" in the areas of "Research and development of new self-learning intelligent DSS for agroecological optimization of adaptive farming systems" and "Development and implementation of IoT systems for operational monitoring of effective fertility and ecological functions of soils". Keywords: FALLOW LANDS, GREENHOUSE GAS FLOWS, SOIL MOISTURE, RECLAIMED LANDS