Academic literature on the topic 'Virginity Test'

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Journal articles on the topic "Virginity Test"

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Tampubolon, Manotar. "Virginity Test in Police Recruitment System: Evidence from Indonesia." Budapest International Research and Critics Institute (BIRCI-Journal): Humanities and Social Sciences 4, no. 2 (2021): 2600–2611. http://dx.doi.org/10.33258/birci.v4i2.1965.

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It is difficult for women to become police officers in Indonesia. One of the mandatory requirements is to become a virgin. Women who are no longer virgins cannot pass the selection. However, if the woman's hymen is damaged not because of sexual intercourse but because of an accident, she still hopes to become a police officer. This study aims to examine the virgin criteria as a requirement to become a policewoman in Indonesia. This quantitative study examines the virginity for police admission based on virginity requirements from a human rights perspective and the concept of innocence. Inspired by the idea of purity from Hanne Blank that celibacy does not reflect a known biological necessity and provides no demonstrable evolutionary advantage. This article says that police virginity testing is not essential and makes up discrimination of women's opportunity to become a police officer because there is no correlation between virginity and police duty. This article evaluates this activity performed Indonesian police force from the lights of human rights. It criticizes the policy development specification of Indonesia which is even poor than India and Muslim countries as even in this country women empowerment is prioritized and respected. This country is needed to incorporate changes in this policy.
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Naghizadeh, Somayyeh, Mehri Robatjazi, Mahmoud Abbasi, and Azam Mohammadi. "Midwives' Views on Virginity Testing: A Cross-sectional Study." Journal of Holistic Nursing And Midwifery 33, no. 3 (2023): 203–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.32598/jhnm.33.3.2480.

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Introduction: Several cultural and social factors have influenced virginity testing as a medical procedure. This procedure is performed, but sometimes there is no scientific reason to perform it. Objective: This study investigated the views of midwives working in Tabriz, Iran, about virginity testing. Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted among 210 midwives using the sociodemographic and a researcher-made questionnaire to assess midwives’ views on virginity testing. The samples were selected by random sampling among midwives working in Tabriz City, Iran. The Pearson correlation test, independent t-test, and one-way ANOVA were used to determine the relationship between sociodemographic characteristics and midwives’ views on virginity testing. Results: The Mean±SD age of the participants was 35.25±8.9 years. The overall score of the midwives’ view on virginity testing was 206.98, of an attainable range from 55 to 275. There was a significant relationship between the overall score of midwives’ views on virginity testing with the variables of age (P=0.033), education level (P=0.001), ethnicity (P=0.012), place of residence (P=0.001), and place of employment (P=0.001). Most midwives (56.2%) believe virginity testing has no therapeutic value and prevention of problems and should not be done, and 59.1% opposed virginity testing motivated by a man’s right to impose a healthy virginity condition on marriage. Most participants (81.9%) agreed to perform virginity testing to investigate rape and sexual abuse. Conclusion: The authorities and the legislators should take the necessary measures to prepare the regulations and provide appropriate training to this group.
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Mindiono, Imam Arief. "The Relationship between the Perception of Virginity Values and Adolescent Attitudes in Maintaining Reproductive Health in Islamic High School (Man) 1 Semarang City." Journal of Medical and Health Studies 3, no. 4 (2022): 26–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.32996/jmhs.2022.3.4.4.

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Virginity over virginity in Indonesian society is a symbol of pride, dignity, and respect for women. This study aims to determine the relationship between the perception of virginity values and adolescent attitudes in maintaining reproductive health in Madrasah Aliyah Negeri (MAN) 1 Semarang City. The method used in this study is the Cross-Sectional approach. The data taken were primary data using questionnaires to 307 students with sampling techniques using random sampling. The statistical test used is chi-square with = 0.05. The results of most adolescents in MAN 1 Semarang support virginity values by 59.9%, while 40.1% of adolescents do not support virginity values in adolescents. The results also showed that most adolescents had a good attitude toward maintaining reproductive health (57.7%) (177 people), while the rest had a bad attitude toward maintaining reproductive health, as much as 42.3% (130 people). The results of the Chi-Square test obtained a p-value of 0.001 < 0.05, so it can be concluded that there is a meaningful relationship between adolescent perceptions of virginity values and adolescent attitudes toward maintaining reproductive health. The magnitude of the relationship odd ratio value is 2,171; in other words, adolescents who support the virginity value have a 2,171 times better chance of maintaining reproductive health compared to adolescents who do not support the virginity value. The conclusions of this study are that adolescents' perceptions of the value of virginity have a meaningful relationship with adolescent attitudes toward maintaining reproductive health.
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Tapan, Kumar Mahato, Kumar Ojha Sunil, and Singh Vishwakarma. "Two finger tests: Violation of right to privacy, physical and mental integrity and dignity." World Journal of Biology Pharmacy and Health Sciences 12, no. 2 (2022): 040–43. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7604616.

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On Monday, October 31, 2022, the Supreme Court of India outlawed the two-finger test, which is used to medically confirm rape. Doctors do this test by putting two fingers inside the victim's vagina to check for virginity. Girls and women who have never had physical contact are referred to as virgins. The virginity test is used to determine whether or not sexual activity has taken place. It is assumed that if two fingers can easily enter the vagina, the girl or woman is sexually active, which results in the virginity of the girl or woman. The Supreme Court (SC) noted that this makes it clear that it is never acceptable to rape a sexually active girl or woman. Additionally, SC claims that there is no scientific support for the idea of virginity and that it is rejected by science. This exam makes the girl or lady feel uncomfortable mentally and intensifies the trauma of the incident. SC urges the federal government to create and distribute guidelines to all states so they can discontinue the aforementioned test as soon as feasible through the Ministry of Health and Family Welfare. The SC directs medical colleges to take this material off their required reading lists. This article investigates the two finger test, how it's done, and how it infringes on a girl or woman's right to privacy, as well as their physical and mental integrity and dignity. Making a legislation will undoubtedly alter the current situation since everyone will be aware that doing tests like the two finger test is prohibited and that the government will take strict action to stop it.
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Tapan, Kumar Mahato, Kumar Ojha Sunil, and Singh Vishwakarma. "Two finger tests: Violation of right to privacy, physical and mental integrity and dignity." World Journal of Biology Pharmacy and Health Sciences 12, no. 02 (2022): 040–43. https://doi.org/10.30574/wjbphs.2022.12.2.0193.

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<strong>Abstract&nbsp;</strong> On Monday, October 31, 2022, the Supreme Court of India outlawed the two-finger test, which is used to medically confirm rape. Doctors do this test by putting two fingers inside the victim&#39;s vagina to check for virginity. Girls and women who have never had physical contact are referred to as virgins. The virginity test is used to determine whether or not sexual activity has taken place. It is assumed that if two fingers can easily enter the vagina, the girl or woman is sexually active, which results in the virginity of the girl or woman. The Supreme Court (SC) noted that this makes it clear that it is never acceptable to rape a sexually active girl or woman. Additionally, SC claims that there is no scientific support for the idea of virginity and that it is rejected by science. This exam makes the girl or lady feel uncomfortable mentally and intensifies the trauma of the incident. SC urges the federal government to create and distribute guidelines to all states so they can discontinue the aforementioned test as soon as feasible through the Ministry of Health and Family Welfare. The SC directs medical colleges to take this material off their required reading lists. This article investigates the two finger test, how it&#39;s done, and how it infringes on a girl or woman&#39;s right to privacy, as well as their physical and mental integrity and dignity. Making a legislation will undoubtedly alter the current situation since everyone will be aware that doing tests like the two finger test is prohibited and that the government will take strict action to stop it.
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Tapan Kumar Mahato, Sunil Kumar Ojha, and Vishwakarma Singh. "Two finger tests: Violation of right to privacy, physical and mental integrity and dignity." World Journal of Biology Pharmacy and Health Sciences 12, no. 2 (2022): 040–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.30574/wjbphs.2022.12.2.0193.

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On Monday, October 31, 2022, the Supreme Court of India outlawed the two-finger test, which is used to medically confirm rape. Doctors do this test by putting two fingers inside the victim's vagina to check for virginity. Girls and women who have never had physical contact are referred to as virgins. The virginity test is used to determine whether or not sexual activity has taken place. It is assumed that if two fingers can easily enter the vagina, the girl or woman is sexually active, which results in the virginity of the girl or woman. The Supreme Court (SC) noted that this makes it clear that it is never acceptable to rape a sexually active girl or woman. Additionally, SC claims that there is no scientific support for the idea of virginity and that it is rejected by science. This exam makes the girl or lady feel uncomfortable mentally and intensifies the trauma of the incident. SC urges the federal government to create and distribute guidelines to all states so they can discontinue the aforementioned test as soon as feasible through the Ministry of Health and Family Welfare. The SC directs medical colleges to take this material off their required reading lists. This article investigates the two finger test, how it's done, and how it infringes on a girl or woman's right to privacy, as well as their physical and mental integrity and dignity. Making a legislation will undoubtedly alter the current situation since everyone will be aware that doing tests like the two finger test is prohibited and that the government will take strict action to stop it.
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Sasongko, Purwanto Panji. "Pemeriksaan Selaput Dara Dari Perspektif HAM." Sahabat Sosial: Jurnal Pengabdian Masyarakat 3, no. 2 (2025): 319–30. https://doi.org/10.59585/sosisabdimas.v3i2.611.

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Hymen examination is synonymous with the 'virginity test' which is a controversial examination by medical professionals. One of the famous myths about virginity is that 'virginity' is proven by writing the appearance of "intact hymen". Along with the times, this can also have an impact on the legal field, especially health law, that examination of the hymen which is carried out by medical professionals raises pros and cons. The hymen is done by medical professionals properly and correctly when viewed from the perspective of human rights. The form of this research is normative juridical research. with a conceptual approach, while the type of research is descriptive exploratory. Examination of the hymen which can be called a virginity test is not allowed because it is not in accordance with the dignity of women and contains elements of discrimination. This is contrary to Law No. 7 of 1984 (women's convention). While the understanding that is believed to support the elimination of discrimination is the ideology of Feminism, Feminism is an ideology that views differences in women's rights based on the equality of women and men and this is interesting to discuss because of the belief that women experience injustice because of their gender.
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Panji Sasongko, Purwanto, Wiend Sakti Myharto, Sofiana, Sofiana, and Muhammad Rafi Razan Darmawan. "Kajian Hukum Pemeriksaan Selaput Dara dari Perspektif Ham dan Ditinjau dari Sistem Hukum Negara." Jurnal Syntax Admiration 4, no. 10 (2023): 1822–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.46799/jsa.v4i10.762.

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Hymen examination is synonymous with the 'virginity test' which is a controversial examination by medical professionals. One of the famous myths about virginity is that 'virginity' is proven by writing the appearance of "intact hymen". Along with the times, this can also have an impact on the field of law, especially health law, that examination of the hymen which is carried out by medical professionals raises pros and cons. when viewed also from the side of Human Rights (HAM) and how it relates when faced with the State Law system for the sake of law. The form of this research is normative juridical research. with a conceptual approach (Conceptual Approach), while the type of research is descriptive exploratory using the philosophy of Integrative Law Theory. Examination of the hymen which can be called a virginity test is not allowed because it is not in accordance with the dignity of women and contains elements of discrimination. Medical examinations that aim to assist law enforcement include making a post mortem et repertum for someone sent by the police (investigators). The application of Article 133 of the Criminal Procedure Code in Indonesia is an application of the Continental European legal system. judicial medical experts (forensic doctors) can be included in the examination at the crime scene (TKP) in order to establish the cause of death and the manner of death.
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Kholifah, Asrofin Nur, and Tri Wahyu Setiawan Prasetyoningsih. "Revoicing Attitude of Virginity Test: An Appraisal-based Translation Study on News Discourse." Jurnal Lingua Idea 15, no. 1 (2024): 48. http://dx.doi.org/10.20884/1.jli.2024.15.1.11855.

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The virginity test is a long-standing tradition that has been documented in at least 20 countries around the globe (WHO, 2018). Women and girls are frequently subjected to or forced to undergo this test for various reasons. In the Indonesian context, this gynecological examination conducted under the belief to determine if a woman has had vaginal intercourse has to be experienced by female military candidates. In response, the Indonesian army has set to remove this somewhat controversial policy. Through media, this issue was packed in such a way that reflects the media's stance. Accordingly, this research aims to investigate how media take a stance toward this issue and how the translated version delivers it from the perspective of translation studies and appraisal theory using the qualitative method. Appraisal resources identified the data and compared the original text to the Indonesian versions retrieved from the ABC online news portal (Australian and Indonesia-based). This method is conducted to gather and interpret any attitudinal resources in both original and translated texts. It reveals that the translated version, compared to the more neutral-sounded original one, exploits a more clear-cut attitude towards the issue. Various attitudinal lexis including invasive, gender-based, victim and abusive, are chosen to revoice her stance that this practice is groundless. Through its translation, the author articulates her attitude louder. It proves that different target readers influence how the information is packed and constructed. As a re-situated text, translation barely occurs in an empty space.
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Manurung, Oktafiana. "FAKTOR-FAKTOR YANG MEMENGARUHI USIA MENIKAH PADA WANITA USIA SUBUR DI DESA PANCUR NAPITU KECAMATAN TANAH JAWA KABUPATEN SIMALUNGUN TAHUN 2017." Elisabeth Health Jurnal 2, no. 2 (2017): 65–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.52317/ehj.v2i2.226.

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From the information of midwife coordinator in Pancur Napitu Village, Simalungun Regency, there are many married teenagers and interviews of 15 mothers who have given birth with &lt;20 years of age. Goals : The purpose of this study is to analyze the factors that affect the age of marriage in women of childbearing age. Methods : Type of survey research with cross sectional approach. Population is all Women Age Fertile in Pancur Napitu Village Tanah Java Subdistrict Simalungun Regency as many as 371 people, 154 sample with simple random sampling technique. Data obtained through interview with questionnaire. Data were analyzed by univariate stage, bivariate using chi-square and multivariate test using multiple logistic regression analysis at significance level 95% Result : The results showed that respondents who married at age ≥ 20 years amounted to 68.8% and married at age &lt;20 years of 31.2%. There is influence of education, socioeconomic, knowledge and virginity value to married age. The most influential variable is education with the value of coefficient B 10,196. The percentage correct score of 80.5% indicates educational, socioeconomic, knowledge, and virginity values can explain its effect on the age of marriage in women of childbearing age. While the rest of 19.5% influenced by other factors. Conclution : It is recommended to Pancur Napitu Puskesmas and Kepala Desa to cooperate with local government in counseling to increase knowledge about marriage age and to prevent problems of pregnancy complication that often occur in WUS. As well as increasing the family's economic income for high education children, good knowledge, and avoid free association through the addition of workload.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Virginity Test"

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Cassell, Jeffrey. "Relationships between Student Attendance and Test Scores on the Virginia Standards of Learning Tests." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2007. https://dc.etsu.edu/etd/2152.

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This study examines the relationship between student attendance and student test scores on a criterion-referenced test, using test scores of all 5th graders in Virginia who participated in the 2005-2006 Standards of Learning tests in reading and mathematics. Data collection for this study was performed with the cooperation of the Virginia Department of Education using a state database of student testing information. Pearson correlation coefficients were determined for the overall student population and for the subgroups of economically disadvantaged, students with disabilities, limited English proficient, white, black, and Hispanic. The results of this study indicate that there is a significant positive correlation (p<.01) between student attendance, as measured by the number of days present, and student performance on the Virginia SOL test, a criterion-referenced test. Positive correlations were found between student attendance and student test scores for all subgroups. The correlation between student attendance and student performance on the SOL mathematics test was higher than the correlation for the same variables on the English test. The correlation for the overall student population on the English SOL test was higher than the correlation for any subgroup on the English SOL test. Only the LEP and Hispanic subgroups had higher correlations on the mathematics test than the overall student population. This study will contribute to a growing body of research resulting from the enactment of the No Child Left Behind legislation and the national attention that this legislation has focused on student attendance and student performance on standardized tests.
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Wingfield, Robert P. "Factors motivating black male students to pass the Virginia Literacy Passport Test after failing several administrations and being labeled "ungraded"." Diss., This resource online, 1995. http://scholar.lib.vt.edu/theses/available/etd-06062008-163620/.

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Brown, William Michael. "Virginia teachers' perceptions and knowledge of test accommodations for students with disabilities." W&M ScholarWorks, 2007. https://scholarworks.wm.edu/etd/1550154029.

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Thomasson, Victoria Lee. "A Study of the Relationship Between School Climate and Student Performance on the Virginia Standards Of Learning Tests in Elementary Schools." VCU Scholars Compass, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/10156/1810.

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McKelvey, Susan P. "The Relationship Between the Virginia Standards of Learning Tests and the New PSAT/NMSQT." VCU Scholars Compass, 2006. http://scholarscompass.vcu.edu/etd/739.

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This study examined the relationships between the SOL End-of-Course Reading and Writing tests and the new PSAT/NMSQT Verbal and Writing tests. The PSAT/NMSQT Writing tests were administered for the first time in October 2004. Two linear regression analyses were utilized, with PSAT/NMSQT Verbal and writing scores, gender, race, and special education as the independent variables, and SOL End-of-Course Reading and Writing scores as the dependent variables. Additionally, two logistic regression analyses were employed with the same variables to predict whether or not a student would pass the SOL End-of-Course Reading and Writing tests. Results indicated that the PSAT/NMSQT Verbal and Writing scores accounted for the bulk of the variance in the SOL Reading and Writing scores. Special education students were predicted to have much lower scores than their non-special education counterparts. Gender and race contributed the least to the regression analyses. With the emphasis on scientifically-based research, this study could be utilized to develop remediation programs for students predicted to fail the SOL tests. Further research is warranted using additional variables, such as GPA, socio-economic status, and a wider variety of race.
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Cox, Paul Andrew. "Comparison of Selected Benchmark Testing Methodologies as Predictors of Virginia Standards of Learning Test Scores." Diss., Virginia Tech, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/29586.

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This study examined how Math-Curriculum Based Measurement (M-CBM) benchmark assessment scores predict fifth grade math Standards of Learning (SOL) assessment scores.  Three school districts participated in the study by providing student data on math benchmark assessments and fifth grade math SOL assessment scores. Scores were organized and analyzed to determine the level of prediction between the two data sets. The results of the study indicated that M-CBM benchmark assessments were good predictors of fifth grade math SOL assessment scores. A second purpose of the study was to measure the differences in the capacity of three different M-CBM benchmark assessments in predicting fifth grade math SOL assessment scores. The three school districts used M-CBM benchmark assessments that varied in the method of creation and the type (commercial, teacher created, released test item) to develop the assessments. The findings show the M-CBM benchmark assessments created by teachers were better predictors of student scores on the fifth grade math SOL assessment followed by released test items and the commercially developed assessments. The third goal of the research study was to determine if there were differences in costs associated with three different M-CBM benchmark assessments. The reported costs for each of the three assessment types were analyzed but the gross cost per student did not accurately reflect the total costs involved in creating, operating, and/or maintaining the M-CBM benchmark assessment systems in any of the three districts. A literature review identified contributions in the field in the areas of assessment, Curriculum Based Measurement (CBM), and predicting student performance. The research design was quantitative and the school district data collected was over the 2009-2010 school year.  Recommendation for future research was to focus on the implementation methods and utilization of M-CBM benchmark assessments by teachers to modify instruction. Possible research on how the benchmark data can be utilized or converted into a practical classroom predictor of SOL assessment outcomes was recommended also.<br>Ed. D.
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Rosenthal, Sarah Louise. "Contemporary Sanctuary: constructing an addition to Chestnut Methodist Church, Newport News, Virginia." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/32835.

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The project offers a design for an addition to a Methodist Church in Newport News, Virginia. The proposal includes a new sanctuary, kitchen, meeting room, and entrance. Axonometric inquiries, detailed sections, and explorations with 3-d models document the structural configuration and the inner sanctuary walls of the addition. In addition to the overall design, further investigations include details for seating design, lighting schemes, and flooring specifications.<br>Master of Architecture
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Williams, Arthur S. "An analysis of achievement tests for selected Virginia high school business computer applications students." Diss., This resource online, 1994. http://scholar.lib.vt.edu/theses/available/etd-06062008-170601/.

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Evers-Lush, Mary Jean. "An analysis of accounting tests used in the 1989 Virginia FBLA regional competitions." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 1989. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/44633.

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<p>This study had four purposes. They were to determine whether accounting tests used during the 1989 Virginia FBLA regional accounting competitive events were reliable, valid, comprised of test items at appropriate difficulty levels, and to ascertain if the curricular drift was present.</p> <p>Secondaryâ level high school business students, all of whom were members of Virginia FBLA, participated in this study. Nine of the 11 Virginia FBLA regions were represented in this study. Test scores for 152 students were obtained for Accounting I and 81 students for Accounting II.</p> <p>The researcher examined the tests for reliability by applying Kuder-Richardson Formula 20 (KR-20). Both the Accounting I and Accounting II tests were found to have low reliability estimates, .81 and .78 respectively.</p><br>Master of Science
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Isaacs, Thelma M. "Putting West Virginia middle schools to the test implementation of key practices as a predictor of school achievement /." Morgantown, W. Va. : [West Virginia University Libraries], 2001. http://etd.wvu.edu/templates/showETD.cfm?recnum=2148.

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Thesis (Ed. D.)--West Virginia University, 2001.<br>Title from document title page. Document formatted into pages; contains xi, 130 p. : ill. Vita. Includes abstract. Includes bibliographical references (p. 107-117).
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Books on the topic "Virginity Test"

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Klein, Marjorie. Test pattern. Morrow, 2000.

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Maupin, G. W. Glasphalt test sections in Virginia. Virginia Transportation Research Council, 1997.

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Klein, Marjorie. Test pattern. Perennial, 2001.

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Klein, Marjorie. Test pattern. Perennial, 2001.

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Moses, Michael J. Structure of the Bane Dome, Giles County, Virginia: A gravity test. Commonwealth of Virginia, Dept. of Mines, Minerals, and Energy, Division of Mineral Resources, 1991.

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Smith-Daughety, Desiree. Camping Virginia and West Virginia: A comprehensive guide to public tent and RV campgrounds. FalconGuides, an imprint of Globe Pequot Press, 2013.

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Crawford, M. L. Electromagnetic radiation test facilities evaluation of reverberation chambers located at NSWC, Dahlgren, Virginia. U.S. Dept. of Commerce, National Bureau of Standards, 1986.

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Rosenberg, Michael. Open Doors and Accused Brides. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190845896.003.0007.

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The Babylonian Talmud introduces an entirely new standard for testing a woman’s virginity—a groom’s subjective experience of his bride as an “open door” rather than “locked.” This standard places even greater power in the hands of men, thus diminishing the safety of new brides. At the same time, it generates a discourse of male sexuality that discourages aggressive sexual activity—a revolution in sexual ideals. The chapter then studies the series of six stories that follow the legal pericope concerning the “open door.” These stories undercut the ability of men to make claims against brides’ virginity, as they create a sustained attack on the idea of objectivity, using the two kinds of virginity test developed in the legal pericope and the assumption that the “open door” test is more “subjective” than blood claims to undermine the perceived objectivity of all virginity testing.
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Rosenberg, Michael. Bloodied Sheets. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190845896.003.0003.

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Although female virginity is clearly prized in the Hebrew Bible, the reasons for this prizing are far from clear. The bloodied sheets test of Deuteronomy 22, however, suggests that the valorizing of virginity is tied up with male violence—a connection made stronger when Deuteronomy is read alongside Genesis 19. Both Deut. 22:20–21 and Gen. 19:4–11 highlight the ways in which the biblical construction of female virginity is imbricated with male sexual aggression. Whether this connection of virginity and violence reflects something about the origins of this culture’s concerns with female virginity or is simply the consequence of some other set of concerns, one should not read Deut. 22:13–21 without the implications of Gen. 19:4–11 informing one’s understanding.
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Rosenberg, Michael. “Trustworthy Women” and Other Witnesses. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190845896.003.0004.

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Second Temple and early Rabbinic texts modify and adapt the virginity test of Deuteronomy 22 to fit their own legal concerns as, for example, by replacing bloodied sheets with midwives’ examinations. However, all of these works maintain the fundamental assumption of Deuteronomy, namely, that a woman’s virginity can be read through the remainders of physical violence committed in the act of first-time penetrative intercourse. The measures of virginity—bloodied sheets and ruptured genitalia—thus come to define the very meaning of virginity. At the same time, uncertainty about the sufficiency of such measures to establish the chastity of the bride emerge in the recognition that nonvaginal intercourse leaves behind no measurable physical traces.
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Book chapters on the topic "Virginity Test"

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Baarda, Tjitze. "Jesus and Mary (John 20 16f.) in the Second Epistle on Virginity Ascribed to Clement." In Studien zum Text und zur Ethik des Neuen Testaments, edited by Wolfgang Schrage. De Gruyter, 1986. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/9783110850154-003.

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Wadud-Muhsin, Amina. "Qur’an and Woman." In Liberal Islam. Oxford University Press, 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780195116212.003.0015.

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Abstract Muslims number more than 3 million in the United States and constitute one of the country’s fastest-growing religious groups. African-Americans, comprising a third of this Islamic community-most of the rest are immigrants from Islamic countries and their descendants-have traditionally practiced heterodox forms of Islam not recognized as “Islamic” by Muslim scholars in other countries. Since Malcolm X’s ( 1925-1965) famous pilgrimage in 1964, however, many African-American Muslims have adopted more orthodox Islamic practices. At the same time, African-American Muslims have brought their own historical experiences to bear on their Islamic faith. A leading representative of this approach is Amina Wadud-Muhsin (United States, born 1952), a professor at Virginia Commonwealth University in Richmond, Virginia. Wadud-Muhsin combines gendered readings of the Qur’an with the experience of African-American women to argue that Islamic injunctions must be interpreted in relation to specific historical circumstances.ing” I mean the process of reviewing the words and their context in order to derive an understanding of the text. Every “reading” reflects, in part, the intentions of the text, as well as the “prior text” of the one who makes the “reading.” Although each “reading” is unique, the understanding of various readers of a single text will converge on many points.
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"Virginity Test." In Tragedy of the Commons (Poetry). Langaa RPCIG, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/j.ctv12pnnrp.24.

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Bose, Nairita. "TOPIC- PRESSURE OF SEXUAL TABOOS AGAINST WOMEN IN THE CONTEXT OF THE VIRGINITY TEST OF WOMEN." In Futuristic Trends in Social Sciences Volume 3 Book 5. Iterative International Publishers, Selfypage Developers Pvt Ltd, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.58532/v3bkso5p1ch1.

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The research aims to analyse the pressure faced by Indian women due to sexual taboos in the context of virginity tests. The objectives of this research are to explore the impact of the pressure of sexual taboos against women in the context of virginity tests in India and evaluate the challenges faced by women who are pressured to pass the virginity test. Virginity tests are done by checking if the hymen is intact. However rupturing of the hymen is not the scientific mode of checking virginity as the hymen is a thin layer which can be ruptured while swimming, bicycling or participating in athletics. A secondary data collection method is used in this research to detect the pressure faced by Indian girls and women to maintain virginity and the sexual taboos related to it. In order to mitigate the taboos of virginity, strategies such as generating awareness of healthy reproductive health among married couples and unmarried youth can help society understand virginity and prevent taboos related to it. Moreover, it is recommended that Legal policies need to be deployed to penalise the wrongdoers in Indian societies.
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Lawrence, D. H. "The Test on Miriam." In Sons and Lovers, edited by David Trotter. Oxford University Press, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/owc/9780199538881.003.0014.

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With the spring came again the old madness and battle. Now he knew he would have to go to Miriam. But what was his reluctance? He told himself it was only a sort of overstrong virginity in her and him which neither could break...
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Modi, RAI BAHADUR Jaising P. "VIRGINITY, PREGNANCY AND DELIVERY." In A Text-book of Medical Jurisprudence and Toxicology. Elsevier, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/b978-1-4832-0033-0.50018-8.

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Nagel, Paul C. "A Test of Courage: 1775-1779." In The Lees of Virginia. Oxford University PressNew York, NY, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780195305609.003.0009.

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Abstract In 1775, the Anglo-American empire collapsed, smashing a relationship cherished by four generations of Lees. The courage of the family’s earlier personalities had been tested amid circumstances very different from those that tried Richard Henry and his brothers. They would be even more sternly challenged. Having to break with England grieved them, as it did most Americans. Among those who still referred to the mother country as “home” was Colonel Phil. By dying in 1775, he was spared seeing others in the Lee family defend the move for independence. Although at the time of his death Phil was a senior statesman in Virginia, his papers contain no comment on the increasing tension between the Old Dominion and England. One wonders if he tried to ignore the fact that much of the imperial agitation came from his brothers and their cohorts.
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Nagel, Paul C. "A Test of Courage 1775-1779." In The Lees of Virginia. Oxford University PressNew York, NY, 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780195074789.003.0009.

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Abstract In 1775, the Anglo-American empire collapsed, smashing a relationship cherished by four generations of Lees. The courage of the family’s earlier personalities had been tested amid circumstances very different from those that tried Richard Henry and his brothers. They would be even more sternly challenged. Having to break with England grieved them, as it did most Americans.
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Parab, Varsha, Ramesh Mahadik, and Diksha Tripathi. "The ‘Diesel Gate’." In Indian Business Case Studies Volume VII. Oxford University PressOxford, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780192869432.003.0018.

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Abstract The ‘Diesel gate’ scandal was suppressed for years—while we should have been driving electric cars. Volkswagen Jetta was selected as first test subject, and a Volkswagen Passat next. Regulators in California agreed to do the routine certification test for them, and the council hired researchers from West Virginia University to then drive the same cars through cities, along highways, and into the mountains, using equipment that tests emissions straight from the cars’ exhausts. German had been around the auto industry all his life, so he had a pretty good idea of what was going on. This had to be a ‘defeat device’—a deliberate effort to evade the rules.
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Fifield, Peter. "Virginia Woolf." In Modernism and Physical Illness. Oxford University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198825425.003.0003.

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Woolf’s formation as an experimental writer was founded on early observation of illness, and of bereavement. The Voyage Out uses illness to subvert the marriage plot by colliding it with stories of exploration and adventure, where tropical fever tests the protagonist. Rachel Vinrace’s fever, however, is not a climax of self-realization but a violent interruption that collapses plot and novelistic convention. In Rachel, Woolf uses the fever to create a distorting and disorienting, but also vividly mimetic portrayal of the mind. In Mrs. Dalloway Woolf provides the complementary view to the rich interiority of The Voyage Out, relating the perspective of onlookers who repeatedly see Clarissa as an influenza sufferer; a viewpoint that influences her own experience in turn.
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Conference papers on the topic "Virginity Test"

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Oldfield, John W. "Corrosion Initiation and Propagation of Nickel Base Alloys in Severe Sea Water Applications." In CORROSION 1995. NACE International, 1995. https://doi.org/10.5006/c1995-95266.

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Abstract Nickel base alloys such as Alloy 625, C22, C276 and 59 are generally considered to have exceptional corrosion resistance in critical sea water applications at ambient temperature. Test results published in recent years however indicate that severe crevice corrosion of some of these alloys may occur under certain conditions. Exposure tests have been carried out in natural and chlorinated sea water on these alloys, together with two high N alloys, Alloy 24 and Alloy 654SMO. Electrochemical studies and simple mathematical modelling have also been carried out. These data, together with surface studies, help explain the observed phenomena and assist in the safe selection of alloys for critical sea water applications. This work has been fully sponsored by the Office of Naval Research (ONR), Department of the Navy, Arlington, Virginia.
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Moss, Elizabeth. "The West Virginia State Capitol Dome: Lessons Learned from a Failing Finish." In SSPC 2007. SSPC, 2007. https://doi.org/10.5006/s2007-00064.

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Abstract Located on the banks of the Kanawha River surrounded by the rugged Allegheny Mountains, the gilded lead-coated copper dome of Cass Gilbert’s 1932 West Virginia State Capitol has never successfully weathered the harsh climate nor withstood the test of time. Although beautifully detailed and successful at resisting water infiltration, the dome’s appearance was problematic soon after its completion and has remained so even after four significant refinishing campaigns - in 1946, 1961, 1977 and most recently in 1988. The causes for its failures are multiple but are underscored by deficient surface preparation and unsuitable coating systems. Through careful study of the past failures combined with careful analysis of present coating systems, gilding techniques and testing procedures the mistakes of the past are being used to ensure success in the future.
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Fleming, Jonathan, Matthew Langford, Will Walton, et al. "Experimental and Numerical Acoustic Scaling Investigation of a Low Tip Speed eVTOL Proprotor in Hover." In Vertical Flight Society 81st Annual Forum and Technology Display. The Vertical Flight Society, 2025. https://doi.org/10.4050/f-0081-2025-99.

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To document noise characteristics and provide validation data for acoustic modeling of rotor systems appropriate for eVTOL/UAM aircraft, the authors performed an outdoor static test of a subscale 5-blade proprotor. The testing was carried out as part of a program to demonstrate feasibility and overall performance of a quiet proprotor system in support of the eVTOL industry. The authors designed a low-tip speed proprotor to approximate performance required by a 4-5 passenger UAM vehicle. A driving design feature was low-tip speed operation (Mtip ˜0.27) at system disk loadings of 7 to 8 psf (˜3.7 N/m2). The test article was designed as a ground adjustable pitch 5-blade proprotor, with aerodynamic and acoustic data collected in outdoor static hover testing. The test article diameter of 3 feet (0.91 m) represented a scale factor of approximately 30% to 40% compared to vehicles currently in operation or development. The aerodynamic performance in hover was consistent with other rotor systems tested in the past by the authors (Figure of Merit ˜0.72-0.75), and the effects of naturally occurring turbulence on rotor acoustics were measured using a 180-deg arc array of ground plane microphones at the Virginia Tech Drone Park test facility. The paper closes with a prop diameter scaling investigation using lattice-Boltzmann method CAA with and without atmospheric turbulence.
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Alvin, M. A., F. Pettit, G. Meier, et al. "Materials and Component Development for Advanced Turbine Systems." In AM-EPRI 2007, edited by R. Viswanathan, D. Gandy, and K. Coleman. ASM International, 2007. https://doi.org/10.31399/asm.cp.am-epri-2007p0413.

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Abstract In order to meet the 2010-2020 DOE Fossil Energy goals for Advanced Power Systems, future oxy-fuel and hydrogen-fired turbines will need to be operated at higher temperatures for extended periods of time, in environments that contain substantially higher moisture concentrations in comparison to current commercial natural gas-fired turbines. Development of modified or advanced material systems, combined with aerothermal concepts are currently being addressed in order to achieve successful operation of these land-based engines. To support the advanced turbine technology development, the National Energy Technology Laboratory (NETL) has initiated a research program effort in collaboration with the University of Pittsburgh (UPitt), and West Virginia University (WVU), working in conjunction with commercial material and coating suppliers as Howmet International and Coatings for Industry (CFI), and test facilities as Westinghouse Plasma Corporation (WPC) and Praxair, to develop advanced material and aerothermal technologies for use in future oxy-fuel and hydrogen-fired turbine applications. Our program efforts and recent results are presented.
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Baker, Devon, Gabriella Mirabelli, Warren Denning, and Alan Druschitz. "Effect of Chemistry and Heat Treatment on the Corrosion Resistance of Cast Nickel Alloy UNS N10276." In CORROSION 2015. NACE International, 2015. https://doi.org/10.5006/c2015-05808.

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Abstract Nickel alloy UNS(1) N10276 is commonly used for pipes in the sulfur scrubbers of coal-fired power plants. The pipes in these sulfur scrubbers are exposed to both gaseous and liquid sulfuric acid at moderate temperatures (&amp;lt;300°F), necessitating the use of corrosion-resistant alloys. The biggest factor that controls the corrosion behavior of nickel alloy UNS N10276 is the microstructure. There are two primary options for changing the microstructure of cast alloys: chemical composition and heat treatment. This project focused on the effect of both chemistry and heat treatment on microstructure and corrosion resistance. Samples with three chemistries (low, mid, high) within the alloy’s specification were produced at the Virginia Tech foundry. Chromium, molybdenum, and tungsten were varied due to their known ability to influence the corrosion resistance of this alloy. Heat treatments at various temperatures, holding times, and cooling rates were evaluated. Samples were corroded in the vapor produced by a 20 wt% sulfuric acid solution in water at 93°C. The low and mid alloy chemistries exhibited weight losses, whereas the high alloy chemistry exhibited weight gains. Overall, none of the samples exhibited high corrosion rates (all were &amp;lt;0.114 mm/y). In terms of chemistry, none of the corrosion rates were statistically different from one another except for the mid and high alloy with an air cooled heat treatment. In terms of heat treatment, for the mid alloy chemistry, the corrosion rates from all three heat treatments were statistically different from that of the non-heat treated (as-cast). For the low and high alloy, none of the heat treatments caused corrosion rates to be statistically different from one another including the non-heat treated. The heat treating temperature altered the shape of the intermetallic particles (μ and/or P phases) and the heat treating time affected both the shape and distribution of these intermetallic phases. The cooling rate, however, did not seem to affect them (this may have been a result of the small test specimen size). In addition, heat treating eliminated segregation that occurred during solidification. Overall, varying the chemistry within the specification range had no statistically significant effect on corrosion resistance of cast nickel alloy UNS N10276 in the environment tested.
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Druschitz, Alan P., Myrissa Maxfield, William Monzel, and Katie Tontodonato. "A Novel Approach for the Development of Low-Voltage, Aluminum, Sacrificial Anodes." In CORROSION 2015. NACE International, 2015. https://doi.org/10.5006/c2015-05702.

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Abstract Our research has two directions: 1) experimental determination of the relationships between chemistry, microstructure and corrosion behavior and 2) computational design of new alloys based on the experimentally established relationships. A variety of aluminum based sacrificial anode chemistries (binary, ternary and quaternary alloys) were prepared using high purity materials at the Kroehling Advanced Materials Foundry at Virginia Tech and their electrochemical performance characterized using laboratory tests. As a result of this study, numerous, new anode chemistries that meet the current performance requirements for low voltage, aluminum, sacrificial anodes specified by MIL-DTL-24779C(SH) 20131 have been developed using a novel “three element” approach. The new chemistries are composed of a base metal element (Al), one or more active elements (Bi, Ga, In, Zn) and a voltage control element (Cu, Ge, Si). This research expands the understanding of the effects of alloy chemistry, heat treatment and microstructure on sacrificial anode performance. Sacrificial anodes have been used on ships and marine structures for quite some time but these materials must be developed by trial and error since there is no materials theory that can be used for computational materials design. Typically, Zn, Mg or Al-Zn-In alloy anodes have been used, however, the electronegativity of these alloys can promote stress corrosion cracking (SCC) or hydrogen embrittlement (HE) of high strength steels.2 Pautasso determined that reducing the potential of the system to a range between -0.730 VSCE and -0.850 VSCE significantly reduced the amount of hydrogen liberated by the cathodic reaction thereby reducing the likelihood of SCC and/or HE. As a result of their work, an Al-0.1 wt% Ga anode was developed and large-scale experiments conducted by the U.S Navy confirmed that this low-voltage Al-Ga anode was a suitable option for cathodic protection of high strength steels.3 Our research has developed a new, novel approach to developing aluminum, sacrificial anode chemistries.
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Smith, Michael. "Test and Evaluation of Systems with Embedded Artificial Intelligence Components." In DATAWorks Defense and Aerospace Test and Analysis Workshop - Alexandria, Virginia, United States of America - April - 2023. US DOE, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/2431497.

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Claeys, James P., Kevin M. Elward, Warren J. Mick, and Richard A. Symonds. "Combustion System Performance and Field Test Results of the MS7001F Gas Turbine." In ASME 1992 International Gas Turbine and Aeroengine Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/92-gt-314.

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This paper presents the results of the combustion system test of the MS7001F installed at the Virginia Power Chesterfield station. Tests of water and steam injection for NOx control were performed. Results of emissions, combustor dynamics, and combustor hardware performance are presented. Emissions test results include NOx, CO, unburned hydrocarbons, VOC and formaldehyde levels. Combustor dynamic activity over a range of diluent injection ratios, and the performance of an actively cooled transition duct are also discussed. Combustion system mechanical performance is described following the first combustion system inspection.
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Umsrithong, Anake, and Corina Sandu. "Parameter Identification and Experimental Validation of a Discrete Mass Tire Model for Uneven Rigid Terrain." In ASME 2012 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc2012-70674.

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A two-dimensional discrete mass tire model has been developed at the Advanced Vehicle Dynamics Laboratory (AVDL) at Virginia Tech to study the behavior of a tire during a transient regime such as when traversing over uneven rigid terrain (or obstacles). The accuracy of the tire model depends on the model parameters used. In this paper, the method for parameter identification using the Performance Engineering Research Laboratory (PERL) quarter car tire test rig is presented. Moreover, several experiments were conducted by using the portable tire test rig from the Intelligent Transportation Laboratory (ITL) for the tire model validation. Simulation results obtained using the tire model developed and experimental results from the parameter identification and the field tests with the portable tire test rig are presented in this paper. The simulation results show good agreement with the experimental data from tests over rectangular and triangular profile cleats, at various vehicle velocities and normal loads.
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Wayne, W. Scott, Ryan A. Barnett, Jeffrey M. Cutright, and Ted E. Stewart. "On-Site Emissions and Fuel Consumption Measurement to Compare Locomotive Fuel Injector Performance." In ASME 2006 Internal Combustion Engine Division Fall Technical Conference. ASMEDC, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icef2006-1522.

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As part of the Norfolk-Southern Railroad’s on-going investigation into fuel consumption reductions for their fleet of 3000 locomotives, the Center for Alternative Fuels, Engines and Emissions at West Virginia University conducted on-site locomotive engine performance and emissions measurements to characterize the performance, fuel consumption and emissions associated with fuel injectors from two injector suppliers. Emissions and fuel consumption were measured using the West Virginia University Transportable Locomotive Emissions Testing Laboratory, which was set up at the Norfolk-Southern Heavy Repair Facility in Roanoke, Virginia. The tests were conducted to evaluate potential emissions and fuel consumption differences between two fuel injector suppliers using an EMD GP38-2 locomotive equipped with a 2100 hp (1566 kW), 16-cylinder, EMD 16-645E engine. The test locomotive engine was freshly overhauled and certified to the EPA locomotive Tier 0 emissions standards. Emissions and fuel consumption measurements were conducted according to the Federal Test Procedures defined in the Code of Federal Regulations 40CFR Part 92 Subpart B [1]. The engine was first tested in the “as overhauled” configuration with the OEM fuel injectors to establish the baseline emissions and fuel consumption. The baseline FTP results confirmed that this locomotive was in compliance with the Federal Tier 0 emissions standards. The OEM specification fuel injectors were replaced with “Fuel Saver” injectors designed and manufactured by an aftermarket injector supplier referred to in this paper as Supplier B. The Supplier B injectors reduced fuel consumption on the average of 2–4% for each notch, except for Notch 4 and Low Idle. However, the Supplier B injectors increased the NOx levels by 20–30% for almost every notch, which is an expected result due to the improved combustion efficiency.
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Reports on the topic "Virginity Test"

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Broddus, Mike, Roy Flanagan, Watson Lawernce, et al. 2019 Virginia On-Farm Wheat Test Plots. Virginia Cooperative Extension, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.21061/spes-160np.

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Jones, Trent, Robbie Longest, Mike Broaddus, et al. Virginia On-Farm Corn Test Plots 2020. Virginia Cooperative Extension, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.21061/spes-293np.

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Crawford, Myron L., and Galen H. Koepke. Electromagnetic radiation test facilities evaluation of reverberation chambers located at NSWC, Dahlgren, Virginia. National Bureau of Standards, 1986. http://dx.doi.org/10.6028/nbs.ir.86-3051.

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Olsen and Stevens. PR-179-14202-R01 Field Evaluation of Timed Power Cylinder Lube Oil Injection. Pipeline Research Council International, Inc. (PRCI), 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.55274/r0010906.

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A timed lube oil injection system was developed for a field engine to improve power cylinder lubrication. The injection system used advanced prototype electronic injectors. The system was installed on a Cooper GMVA-10 located in West Virginia. A total of four cylinders were included in the study, two for the timed system and two for the baseline mechanical system. Cylinder wall lubrication, cylinder wear, piston wear, and ring wear tests were planned for various engine run times. The prototype timed lube oil system operated essentially until the prototype injector end-of-life was reached at about 1,200 hours. The project was discontinued because of injector issues and the site required a high level availability of the engine for gas compression.
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Schuler, Thomas M. Survival, growth, and juvenile-mature correlations in a West Virginia sugar maple provenance test 25 years after establishment. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, North Central Research Station, 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.2737/ne-rp-689.

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Thompson, Marshall, and Ramez Hajj. Flexible Pavement Recycling Techniques: A Summary of Activities. Illinois Center for Transportation, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.36501/0197-9191/21-022.

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Cold in-place recycling (CIR) involves the recycling of the asphalt portions (including hot-mix asphalt and chip, slurry, and cape seals, as well as others) of a flexible or composite pavement with asphalt emulsion or foamed asphalt as the binding agent. Full-depth reclamation (FDR) includes the recycling of the entire depth of the pavement and, in some cases, a portion of the subgrade with asphalt, cement, or lime products as binding agents. Both processes are extensively utilized in Illinois. This project reviewed CIR and FDR projects identified by the Illinois Department of Transportation (IDOT) from the Transportation Bulletin and provided comments on pavement designs and special provisions. The researchers evaluated the performance of existing CIR/FDR projects through pavement condition surveys and analysis of falling weight deflectometer data collected by IDOT. They also reviewed CIR/FDR literature and updated/modified (as appropriate) previously provided inputs concerning mix design, testing procedures, thickness design, construction, and performance as well as cold central plant recycling (CCPR) literature related to design and construction. The team monitored the performance of test sections at the National Center for Asphalt Technology and Virginia Department of Transportation. The researchers assisted IDOT in the development of a CCPR special provision as well as responded to IDOT inquiries and questions concerning issues related to CIR, FDR, and CCPR. They attended meetings of IDOT’s FDR with the Cement Working Group and provided input in the development of a special provision for FDR with cement. The project’s activities confirmed that CIR, FDR, and CCPR techniques are successfully utilized in Illinois. Recommendations for improving the above-discussed techniques are provided.
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