Journal articles: 'Virtual CRASH'

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Faught, Edward. "Real Spikes Crash Virtual Cars." Epilepsy Currents 16, no. 6 (November 2016): 378–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.5698/1535-7511-16.6.378.

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Hoxha, Gezim, Ahmet Shala, and Rame Likaj. "Vehicle Speed Determination in Case of Road Accident by Software Method and Comparing of Results with the Mathematical Model." Strojnícky casopis – Journal of Mechanical Engineering 67, no. 2 (November 1, 2017): 51–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/scjme-2017-0017.

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AbstractThe paper addresses the problem to vehicle speed calculation at road accidents. To determine the speed are used the PC Crash software and Virtual Crash. With both methods are analysed concrete cases of road accidents. Calculation methods and comparing results are present for analyse. These methods consider several factors such are: the front part of the vehicle, the technical feature of the vehicle, car angle, remote relocation after the crash, road conditions etc. Expected results with PC Crash software and Virtual Crash are shown in tabular graphics and compared in mathematical methods.

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Chen, Zhi, Xiao Qin, Renxin Zhong, Pan Liu, and Yang Cheng. "Predicting Imminent Crash Risk with Simulated Traffic from Distant Sensors." Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board 2672, no. 38 (August 12, 2018): 12–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0361198118791379.

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The aim of this research was to investigate the performance of simulated traffic data for real-time crash prediction when loop detector stations are distant from the actual crash location. Nearly all contemporary real-time crash prediction models use traffic data from physical detector stations; however, the distance between a crash location and its nearest detector station can vary considerably from site to site, creating inconsistency in detector data retrieval and subsequent crash prediction. Moreover, large distances between crash locations and detector stations imply that traffic data from these stations may not truly reflect crash-prone conditions. Crash and noncrash events were identified for a freeway section on I-94 EB in Wisconsin. The cell transmission model (CTM), a macroscopic simulation model, was applied in this study to instrument segments with virtual detector stations when physical stations were not available near the crash location. Traffic data produced from the virtual stations were used to develop crash prediction models. A comparison revealed that the predictive accuracy of models developed with virtual station data was comparable to those developed with physical station data. The finding demonstrates that simulated traffic data are a viable option for real-time crash prediction given distant detector stations. The proposed approach can be used in the real-time crash detection system or in a connected vehicle environment with different settings.

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Masseria, Frédéric, André Berger, and Benjamin Kaiser. "Virtual Composite Manufacturing Simulation Chain." Materials Science Forum 825-826 (July 2015): 671–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.825-826.671.

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Composite materials have been introduced in the 90’s in the car racing, naval and aeronautic sectors for weight reduction purposes. In the automotive industry, the introduction of composite materials to reduce also the weight of the vehicles leads to additional challenges for Virtual Prototyping on top of difficulties already encountered with metallic structures modeling. The impact of manufacturing on product performance is critical for composites, as the imperfections from the process may greatly affect the statics and crash performance of the final composite component. The paper will describe the state of the art of ESI Composite Solution on global composite manufacturing simulation chain (Forming, Injection, Curing, and Distortion) and how it couples to Structure/Crash through selected industrial examples.

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Chen, Ke, Xue Feng Tong, and Xin Fang Wang. "Simulation and Analysis on Vehicle Frontal Crash Based on Virtual Proving Ground." Applied Mechanics and Materials 128-129 (October 2011): 1222–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.128-129.1222.

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Based on the vehicle crash finite element theory and the virtual proving ground (VPG), vehicle frontal crash is simulated. Under the VPG environment, the unit element meshes are determined for the entire vehicle CAD model, whereas the element types and material parameters, together with welding nodes, contacts and constraints are defined. According to the ECER94 safety regulations, a rigid wall model, along with initial crash conditions is established. By calling the LS-DYNA, the simulation model is calculated and the stress distribution, vehicle body aberration nephogram, energy and acceleration curves are attained. Afterwards, the vehicle crash safety performance is obtained through simulation. Therefore, this approach sets a reference for vehicle mass assessment.

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Young, Emma. "‘Crash-tested’ virtual skulls reveal clues to animal extinctions." New Scientist 198, no. 2651 (April 2008): 22–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0262-4079(08)60911-2.

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Ciunel, Stefanita, Dragos Laurentiu Popa, George Gherghina, Mihaela Liana Bogdan, and Dragos Tutunea. "Human Head-Neck System Behavior during Virtual Impact Automotive Simulations." Applied Mechanics and Materials 659 (October 2014): 177–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.659.177.

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The paper presents the studies made on a similar biomechanical system composed by neck, head and dummy body components. The models were defined in a CAD environment which includes Adams algorithm for dynamic simulations. After simulation was obtained the entire mechanical behavior based on data tables or diagrams. That virtual model composed by neck and head was included in complex system (as a car system) and supposed to impact simulations (virtual crash tests). This paper presents issues concerning the use of CAD systems in modern technology virtual prototyping, in this case a complex virtual model for a car system used for impact simulations. Virtual prototyping is a process that uses a virtual prototype instead of the physical prototype for testing and evaluating specific elements of the designed product. Virtual prototype is created on the computer closer to the actual characteristics and operating conditions so as to allow the simulation to perform the role for which it was designed. The three-dimensional model has been exported into simulation software able to perform kinematics simulations and finite element analysis, at the same time. With that virtual model were analysed different situations similar with car crash. Results of simulations have been analysed and can be compared with measurements made on the experimental device (under construction).

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Ciunel, Stefanita, Dragos Laurentiu Popa, and Nicolae Dumitru. "Studies about Movement Biofidelity of a Dummy Neck Used in an Impact Testing Device." Applied Mechanics and Materials 371 (August 2013): 539–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.371.539.

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The paper presents the studies made on a similar biomechanical system composed by neck, head and thorax bones. The main movements analyzed were: axial rotation (left-right), lateral bending (left-right) and flexion-extension movement. After simulation was obtained the entire mechanical behavior based on data tables or diagrams. The models were defined in a CAD environment which includes Adams algorithm for dynamic simulations. The virtual models were obtained starting with CT images made on a living human subject. That virtual model composed by neck and head can be included in complex system (as a car system) and supposed to impact simulations (virtual crash tests). Also was developed a mathematical model based on Lagrange equations for a frontal impact testing cervical system. Our research team built main components of a testing device for dummy car crash neck-head system using anatomical data.

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Fiolana, Farrady Alif, Fajar Yumono, and Muhammad Yusuf Ari Anggara. "Virtual Drum Based Image Processing System." JTECS : Jurnal Sistem Telekomunikasi Elektronika Sistem Kontrol Power Sistem dan Komputer 1, no. 1 (January 1, 2021): 59. http://dx.doi.org/10.32503/jtecs.v1i1.688.

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Drum/drumset adalah gabungan dari beberapa alat perkusi yang dimainkan oleh satu atau dua orang pemain. Bagian drum sendiri biasanya terdiri dari hihat, tom, crash, dan bass kick. Image processing dapat menjadikan bagian tersebut praktis dan mudah dibawa dengan membuat program pendeteksi gerakan ujung stik yang berbentuk lingkaran menggunakan HSV dan hough circle. Hasil deteksi digunakan untuk pengambilan keputusan jenis suara yang dikeluarkan terhadap koordinat drum yang telah di tentukan. Terdapat 3 posisi drum dalam frame yang menentukkan jenis suara yang berbeda.

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Demyanushko, I. V., I. A. Karpov, P. S. Mikheev, and A. A. Mukhametova. "Virtual modelling of the crash cushion operation with projected destruction." IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering 1129, no. 1 (April 1, 2021): 012002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1757-899x/1129/1/012002.

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Deepak, S., A. Vasanthanathan, and P. Nagaraj. "Finite Element Modelling and Simulation of Train Car Body Structure Using LS-Dyna^®." Applied Mechanics and Materials 787 (August 2015): 270–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.787.270.

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This article emphasizes on finite element modeling and simulation of train car body structure in order to ensure a crashworthy structure. Crashworthiness is a principal parameter to be considered to be taken into account in case of design of train car body structure. The present paper deals with the development of virtual prototype with energy absorption capabilities. The train car body structure with trapezoidal core has been modeled using SOLIDWORKS® software. The entire crash simulation in the present study was done by using LS-Dyna® Explicit finite element software. The crash analysis of train car body over a rigid concrete wall was numerically simulated at three different speeds viz. 60 km/hr, 90 km/hr, 120 km/hr. In every crash analysis, the stress plot and history of deformation from the developed virtual prototype. The simulation of the rail vehicle collision presented in this article is based upon the standard specified in crashworthy section of Technical Standards of interoperability. The dynamic numerical simulation of two train car bodies with equal velocities has also performed using LS-Dyna®.

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Chen, Jing, Hong Yin Wang, Qian Wang, and Xiong Long Tao. "Passive Safety Analysis for the Commercial Vehicle Cab after Weight-Reduction Design." Applied Mechanics and Materials 798 (October 2015): 48–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.798.48.

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Lighter weight commercial vehicles facilitate faster transport, higher mobility and fuel conservation. Weight reduction and safety are mutually competing objectives. And the safety should not be compromised after weight reduction. Full size crash tests are expensive and time consuming to organize. Using a numerical simulation for predicting crash to the occupants’ safety can minimize the number of such trials. In this paper three virtual crash simulations for the three load cases: Front impact test, Roof strength test and Rear wall strength test are performed according to the European regulation ECE-R29. The explicit finite element program LS-DYNA is used for that purpose. The comparisons between simulation results and test data available in the literature are also presented in this paper.

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Ciunel, Stefanita, Bebe Tică, and Cristian Klement. "Studies about In Situ and Virtual of the Musculoskeletal Behaviour of the Cranio-Cervical Complex of Dummy Car Crash Tests." Applied Mechanics and Materials 896 (February 2020): 229–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.896.229.

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The paper presents the studies realized a similar biomechanical system composed by neck, head and muscles complementary to the human neck. The model was defined starting with a real human object and which was made CT, after in a CAD environment, The main movements (axial rotation, lateral bending, and flexion-extension) has been obtained behavior based on date, tables or diagrams. The virtual model composed of the neck, head andmuscles, which was included in a complex system (similar with a car system), and a lot of virtual simulations car crash tests were made. As well is studied the behavior of shape memory springs, with which has been achieved anatomical-functional similarity with those of a human subject, comparing them in the end with the ones determined virtually with anatomical-myographic studies.

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Kumar Gupta, Abhay, Sharad Kumar Pradhan, Lokesh Bajpai, and Varun Jain. "Finite Element based Crash and Impact Analyses of a Newly Developed Road Cum Rail Vehicle." Science & Technology Journal 8, no. 2 (July 1, 2020): 103–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.22232/stj.2020.08.02.15.

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"The two most significant engineering steps required in developing a good quality vehicle is crash and structural analysis in the field of automobile design. Simulating the crashworthiness of the vehicle is a significant step to design automobiles of the present age and automotive industry has probably the widest application of such simulations. Crash simulation is a virtual representation of a destructive crash test of a vehicle and its components using computer-aided analysis software to examine the level of safety of the vehicle and its occupants by analysing the level and nature of impact stresses occurring in the component and the magnitude and nature of the deformation happening in the cosmponent during a crash situation. In the current study, a road cum rail vehicle is designed. The main purpose of the vehicle is to clean the rail track. Since the vehicle will be used on the live rail track so it is very important to know the dynamic behaviour of the vehicle during crash or impact. The dynamic behaviour of complete vehicle chassis with four rail wheel and for rubber wheel in contact with rails and moving at 60 km/hr is simulated under frontal crash. Further, 10g frontal impact and the 5g rear impact are also applied on the developed vehicle chassis at rest to investigate its dynamic behaviour"

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Garg, Ravin, Iman Babaei, Davide Salvatore Paolino, Lorenzo Vigna, Lucio Cascone, Andrea Calzolari, Giuseppe Galizia, and Giovanni Belingardi. "Predicting Composite Component Behavior Using Element Level Crashworthiness Tests, Finite Element Analysis and Automated Parametric Identification." Materials 13, no. 20 (October 11, 2020): 4501. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma13204501.

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Fibre reinforced plastics have tailorable and superior mechanical characteristics compared to metals and can be used to construct relevant components such as primary crash structures for automobiles. However, the absence of standardized methodologies to predict component level damage has led to their underutilization as compared to their metallic counterparts, which are used extensively to manufacture primary crash structures. This paper presents a methodology that uses crashworthiness results from in-plane impact tests, conducted on carbon-fibre reinforced epoxy flat plates, to tune the related material card in Radioss using two different parametric identification techniques: global and adaptive response search methods. The resulting virtual material model was then successfully validated by comparing the crushing behavior with results obtained from experiments that were conducted by impacting a Formula SAE (Society of Automotive Engineers) crash box. Use of automated identification techniques significantly reduces the development time of composite crash structures, whilst the predictive capability reduces the need for component level tests, thereby making the development process more efficient, automated and economical, thereby reducing the cost of development using composite materials. This in turn promotes the development of vehicles that meet safety standards with lower mass and noxious gas emissions.

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Wang, Li Wen, Dan Dan Shi, and Hao Wang. "Study of 3D Sound of Airport Crash Fire Vehicle Simulator." Applied Mechanics and Materials 105-107 (September 2011): 2221–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.105-107.2221.

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Airport crash fire vehicle simulator is an important device that is used in training of the airport firefighters, which has advantage of safe, energy saving and decreasing training cost. Sound system is an important part of airport crash fire vehicle simulator, which provides voice message to training personnel, which can make training personnel have immersed sense. Based on the principles of sound source position to analyze the different physical structure of the human body (head, torso, pinna) the impact of sound localization, the establishment of head-related transfer function model, using the model of the sound source, filtering, delay processing, and virtual sound source. And we have tested and verified with listening experiment.

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Gëzim, Hoxha, Shala Ahmet, Likaj Ramë, and Bajrami Xhevahir. "Mathematical Model for Velocity Calculation of Three Types of Vehicles in the Case of Pedestrian Crash." Strojnícky casopis – Journal of Mechanical Engineering 68, no. 3 (November 1, 2018): 95–110. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/scjme-2018-0029.

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AbstractThis paper treats influencing factors in the determination of vehicles speed on the pedestrian crash moment according to pedestrian throw distance and formulates a mathematical model for vehicle speed determination. Vehicle speed is one of the highest causes of accidents. The mathematical model formulation (as the target of this paper) for velocity calculation, in the case of pedestrian accidents, presents great help and guidance to experts of this field when dealing with accident analysis that through accurate determination of this parameter to find other circumstances as close as possible to the technical process of pedestrian accidents. The target of this paper is to define a mathematical model formulation for vehicle velocity calculation in pedestrian crash moment depending on relevant parameters. For the purpose of model formulating, we have selected three cases of real accidents that involved vehicles (“Peugeot 307”, “VW Golf ” and “Mercedes E 220”) with different geometrical parameters of the front profile and pedestrians with different heights and weights. For regression analysis we used “R” and “SPSS” software, which enables the statistical analysis of the data and mathematical model formulation. Also, for analysis of impact of relevant factors, model formulation and model testing have used “Virtual Crash” and “PC Crash” software, which enables pedestrian-vehicle crash simulation using vehicles with real technical characteristics and various pedestrian characteristics. Inductive, comparative, and deductive methods are part of the research methods in this paper.

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Gerard, Joseph G., Reena Lederman Gerard, and Maureen Casile. "Course Crash in Hybrid Space: An Exploration and Recommendations for Virtual Course Space." Journal of Educational Technology Systems 38, no. 2 (December 2009): 165–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.2190/et.38.2.h.

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Hennemann, S., V. Hohm, P. Horst, and H. Honnakkalavar. "Numerical treatment of fiber reinforced plastic crushing mechanism in virtual performance solution: Possibilities and limitations." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part L: Journal of Materials: Design and Applications 233, no. 11 (June 4, 2019): 2365–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1464420719852968.

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This paper describes both experimental and numerical investigations on the crushing behavior of fiber-reinforced plastic composites (triaxial-braid) for almost rectangular crush specimens. Fiber-reinforced plastic in general is an enormously versatile material group which allows engineers to adapt it to varying tasks, but causes large challenges regarding a trustable numerical forecast in structural simulations. The virtual performance solution (Virtual PAM-CRASH) solver can manage the crushing behavior of fiber-reinforced plastic by a phenomenological implementation, the innovation PLY100. It's possibilities as well as limitations are described briefly in the present paper. These limitations are the incentive for a new approach based on shell elements, which are arranged in a stacked shell order. The delamination process is modelled by using cohesive interface contacts. General ply cards, which are derived from standard material characterization tests, are improved via the inverse method, called MCMC method with an integrated Metropolis algorithm. Besides the numerical simulations, a large experimental drop-weight-tower study was conducted, of which a small extract is presented here. In conclusion, the new numerical approach is able to predict the crushing mechanism and also the mechanical properties during crushing accurately. Small deviations between numerical and experimental results are presented and will be addressed in a future publication.

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Kamarbhari, Syakirah, Faieza Abdul Aziz, and Fairuz Izzuddin Romli. "Kinematic Response of Crash Condition for Ergonomic Child Restraint System in Aircraft." Journal of Computational and Theoretical Nanoscience 15, no. 2 (February 1, 2018): 637–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1166/jctn.2018.7138.

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The development of the automotive Child Restraint System (CRS) has reached its utmost success in many aspects, especially in ergonomic aspect. However, the development of (CRS) for aircraft use that is specifically designed for infants is still under comprehensive research and development. This paper focused on modelling and analyzing the kinematic response in crash condition for the new design of the Ergonomic CRS that was purposely designed to occupy infants below 24 months of age. The objective of this study is to simulate the performance of an Ergonomic CRS final concept design that occupy with infant in crash condition. This analysis involved the application of HyperMesh and LS DYNA software to model and simulates the new Ergonomic CRS for infants under the crash condition; with the presence of a 12 month old virtual infant dummy. The outcome from this study showed that the new concept of Ergonomic CRS could provide an adequate safety level as other existing device while, at the same time could deliver better comfort, usability and convenient towards the end users.

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Kim, Chul Woo, Jungchul Park, Myung Hwan Yun, Sung H. Han, and Hee-Dong Ko. "Evaluation of Product Preference Using Virtual Prototyping: Case Study of an Automobile Interior." Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting 46, no. 6 (September 2002): 740–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/154193120204600612.

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The objective of this study was to develop a product evaluation method applicable to virtual prototypes and to apply the method to automobile interior design. Considering that virtual reality-based product prototypes could represent design alternatives comparable to physical prototypes, prototypes developed in virtual reality environments were employed as design alternatives. After a procedure to evaluate virtual prototypes was developed specifically for a virtual reality environment, the procedure was applied to the problem of automobile interior design. 34 subjects evaluated 32 different virtual prototypes generated from the combination of design element variations. Four categories of subjective impression were used to evaluate the 32 virtual prototypes: luxuriousness, comfort, harmoniousness, and controllability. ANOVA and multiple linear regression analysis were performed to specify design elements critical to customer preference and to interpret the relationship between design elements and subjective impressions. As the result, the shapes of frontal area including crash pad and center fascia, door trim and steering wheel were selected as important variables related to subjective impressions. The proposed evaluation method for virtual prototypes could be utilized as an alternative way of identifying the relationship between subjective impressions and design elements.

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Wang, Yong, Lin Zhao, and Jin Bao Kou. "Virtual Machining of Spiral Bevel Gear Based on VERICUT." Advanced Materials Research 199-200 (February 2011): 1885–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.199-200.1885.

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Spiral bevel gear milling machine is one typical representative of complex manufacturing equipments. In order to simulate spiral bevel gear cutting, a five-axis virtual CNC gear cutting machine under VERICUT software is established in this paper. Based on a spiral bevel gear generating theory, the surface forming of the spiral bevel gear is studied by using coordinate transformation method in spatial kinematics, and the G-code required by actual gear cutting is generated. Then, according to the properties of the general five-axis CNC system, the machine model and the relevant configuration parameters under VERICUT is created, so the spiral bevel gear virtual NC machining system is set up. Finally, the cutting simulation and crash examination are accomplished under VERICUT. By using this method, the accuracy of the bevel gear cutting system based on a general five-axis CNC can be well verified.

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Zhang, Xiao Yun, Xian Long Jin, Wenguo Qi, and Yi Sun. "Virtual Reconstruction of Vehicle Crash Accident Based on Elastic-Plastic Deformation of Auto-Body." Key Engineering Materials 274-276 (October 2004): 1017–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.274-276.1017.

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Al-Jothery, H. K. M., T. M. B. Albarody, P. S. B. M. Yusoff, M. A. Abdullah, A. R. Hussein, and M. F. B. M. Pahmi. "Crashworthiness Design for Trapezoid Origami Crash Structure Numerical." International Journal of Automotive and Mechanical Engineering 17, no. 1 (March 30, 2020): 7667–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.15282/ijame.17.1.2020.14.0569.

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Corrugations can be considered to be one of the ways to improve the mechanical properties of thin-walled structure in terms of manipulation of surface area. However, this theory requires further validation through experimentation of different materials. Although many research works have been done towards the corrugated shell structures, the flexibility of corrugated sheets of thermoset composite material remains unknown. This study focused on the effects of surface area manipulation by using trapezoid origami structure which is trapezoidal folded lobe shape on the absorbed energy and mechanical properties of Epoxy reinforced with S-type fibreglass. Then the trapezoidal folded lobe shape design was drawn by using AutoCAD which consist of the design of the corrugated composite sheets and the design of trapezoidal folded lobe shape mould. Moreover, the fabrication of the Aluminum mould was done by using a CNC milling machine according to the drawing. So, a compression moulding machine will be used to fabricate the composite structure. Therefore, the vibration and compression tests were carried out to perform a study on the behaviour of the trapezoidal folded lobe thermoset samples and to investigate their deformation behaviour respectively. Based on those tests, the results are shown that the trapezoidal origami samples have higher virtual stiffness than the flat samples, and the trapezoidal origami crash thin wall absorbs 40 % more energy in Y-axis direction compared to in X-axis direction.

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Wang, Wei, Xu Liang Xie, Fu Lin Shen, and Xiao Feng Wang. "Virtual Testing for Frontal Impact of High-Top Cab of Heavy Truck." Applied Mechanics and Materials 148-149 (December 2011): 1081–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.148-149.1081.

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ECE R29 regulation has legally claimed that the survival space must be guaranteed for the safety for driver and front seat passenger in event of crash during design of truck cabin. In this paper, a finite element model of a high-top cabin of a heavy truck with a manikin on the driver seat was built with commercial code Hypermesh, The explicit finite element program Ls-Dyna was used to simulate the frontal pendulum impact on the high-top cab in the light of ECE R29 regulation. Deformation of the truck cabin and the survival space of the dummy were analyzed and discussed. Also, some suggestions were given to solve the contact possibility between steering column and the knees of manikin.

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Kumar, Vijay. "SURVEY OF FAULT DETECTION ALGORITHM IN WSN." International Journal of Research -GRANTHAALAYAH 5, no. 5 (May 31, 2017): 207–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.29121/granthaalayah.v5.i5.2017.1851.

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In recent years, applications of wireless sensor networks (WSNs) have been improved due to its vast potential to connect the physical world to the virtual world. Also, a progress in microelectronic fabrication technology reduces cost of developed portable wireless sensor nodes. Faults occurring to sensor nodes are familiar due to the sensor device itself and the harsh environment where the sensor nodes are deploy. WSNs is mainly affect by the crash of sensor nodes. Possibility of sensor node failure increases with increase number of sensors. Wireless sensor networks have been recognized, at an early stage in their development, to be a useful measurement technology for environmental monitoring applications. Based on their independence from accessible infrastructures, wireless sensor networks can be deploy in virtually any location and provide sensor samples in a spatial and temporal resolution.

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Larsson, Jenny, Hanna Israelsson, Anders Eklund, and Jan Malm. "Epilepsy, headache, and abdominal pain after shunt surgery for idiopathic normal pressure hydrocephalus: the INPH-CRasH study." Journal of Neurosurgery 128, no. 6 (June 2018): 1674–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.3171/2017.3.jns162453.

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OBJECTIVEAdverse events related to shunt surgery are common and might have a negative effect on outcome in patients with idiopathic normal pressure hydrocephalus (INPH). The authors’ objectives were to establish the frequencies of epilepsy, headache, and abdominal pain and determine their impact on patient quality of life (QOL), in long-term follow-up after shunt surgery for INPH.METHODSOne hundred seventy-six shunt-treated patients with INPH (mean age 74 years) and 368 age- and sex-matched controls from the population were included. The mean follow-up time after surgery was 21 months (range 6–45 months). Each participant answered a questionnaire regarding present frequency and severity of headache and abdominal pain. Confirmed diagnoses of epilepsy and all prescriptions for antiepileptic drugs (AEDs) before and after shunt surgery for INPH were gathered from national registries. Equivalent presurgical and postsurgical time periods were constructed for the controls based on the date of surgery (the division date for controls is referred to as virtual surgery). All registry data covered a mean period of 6 years (range 3–8 years) before surgery/virtual surgery and 4 years (range 2–6 years) after surgery/virtual surgery. Provoked epileptic seizures were excluded. Patient QOL was assessed with the EuroQoL 5-dimension 5-level instrument.RESULTSEpilepsy was more common in shunt-treated patients with INPH than in controls (4.5% vs 1.1%, respectively; p = 0.023), as was treatment with AEDs (14.8% vs 7.3%, respectively; p = 0.010). No difference was found between the populations before surgery/virtual surgery (epilepsy, 2.3% [INPH] vs 1.1% [control], p = 0.280; AED treatment, 8.5% [INPH] vs 5.4% [control], p = 0.235). New-onset epilepsy and new AED treatment after surgery/virtual surgery were more common in INPH (epilepsy, 2.3% [INPH] vs 0.0% [control], p = 0.011; AED, 8.5% [INPH] vs 3.3% [control], p = 0.015). At follow-up, more patients with INPH than controls experienced headache several times per month or more often (36.1% vs 11.6%, respectively; p < 0.001). Patients with INPH and unilateral headache had more right-sided headaches than controls (p = 0.038). Postural headache was experienced by 16% (n = 27 of 169) of the patients with INPH. Twenty percent (n = 35) of the patients with INPH had persistent abdominal pain. Headache was not correlated to lower QOL. The study was underpowered to draw conclusions regarding QOL in patients with INPH who had epilepsy and abdominal pain, but the finding of no net difference in mean QOL indicates that no correlation between them existed.CONCLUSIONSEpilepsy, headache, and abdominal pain are common in long-term follow-up in patients after shunt surgery for INPH and are more common among patients with INPH than in the general population. All adverse events, including mild and moderate ones, should be considered during postoperative follow-ups and in the development of new methods for shunt placement.

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Lin, Jui Chang, W. S. Lin, and King Sun Lee. "A 3D Virtual FEM and SA Method to Determining the Optimization Clearance for a Punching Die." Key Engineering Materials 419-420 (October 2009): 277–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.419-420.277.

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This study is subject to 3D virtual simulation and experiment design method application in the optimal clearance design in the 3D shell punched processing. During the simulation stage, the PAM-CRASH and 3D-CAD (Pro/E) system are used to model the punching processing. The results of the punching maximum punched burr from the 3D virtual punching simulation were input to a neural network to establish a model corresponding to the 3D shell punched variables. Once the metal punching control parameters, such as punch/die radius, punch/die clearance, punch cutting angle and different material thickness, were given, the punching processing performance (the punching maximum burr and maximum stress) can be accurately predicted by this developed network. Therefore, in this research, a satisfactory result based on the simulation verification is established.

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Kulkarni, Siddharth, David John Edwards, Craig Chapman, M. Reza Hosseini, and De-Graft Owusu-Manu. "A preliminary mechanical design evaluation of the Wikispeed car: for light-weighting implications." Journal of Engineering, Design and Technology 17, no. 1 (February 4, 2019): 230–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jedt-09-2018-0154.

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Purpose Road passenger transportation faces a global challenge of reducing environmental pollution and greenhouse gas emissions because of the vehicle weight increases needed to enhance passenger safety and comfort. This paper aims to present a preliminary mechanical design evaluation of the Wikispeed Car (with a focus on body bending, body torsion and body crash) to assess light-weighting implications and improve the vehicle’s environmental performance without compromising safety. Design/methodology/approach For this research, finite element analysis (FEA) was performed to examine the Wikispeed chassis for light-weighting opportunities in three key aspects of the vehicle’s design, namely, for body bending the rockers (or longitudinal tubes), for body torsion (again on the rockers but also the chassis as a whole) and for crash safety – on the frontal crash structure. A two-phase approach was adopted, namely, in phase one, a 3D CAD geometry was generated and in phase, two FEA was generated. The combination of analysis results was used to develop the virtual model using FEA tools, and the model was updated based on the correlation process. Findings The research revealed that changing the specified material Aluminium Alloy 6061-T651 to Magnesium EN-MB10020 allows vehicle mass to be reduced by an estimated 110 kg, thus producing a concomitant 10 per cent improvement in fuel economy. The initial results imply that the current beam design made from magnesium would perform worst during a crash as the force required to buckle the beam is the lowest (between 95.2 kN and 134 kN). Steel has the largest bandwidth of force required for buckling and also requires the largest force for buckling (between 317 kN and 540 kN). Originality/value This is the first study of its kind to compare and contrast between material substitution and its impact upon Wikispeed car safety and performance.

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Vettorello, Andrea, Giuseppe A. Campo, Giovanni Goldoni, and Mauro Giacalone. "Numerical-Experimental Correlation of Dynamic Test of a Honeycomb Impact Attenuator for a Formula SAE Vehicle." Metals 10, no. 5 (May 18, 2020): 652. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/met10050652.

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A honeycomb impact attenuator for a Formula SAE (FSAE) prototype vehicle is examined using both experimental and numerical analyses. Two common FSAE impact attenuators were compared to a new design concept, combining four layers of hexagonal honeycomb. The comparison aimed to obtain the combination of the lowest mass and highest energy absorption. The attenuator must comply with both the FSAE championship rules and further internally-defined design constraints. The work continues addressing the numerical-experimental correlation of the applied materials. Finally, the finite element models for virtual crash testing are presented and were validated through the experimental tests.

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Ar-Razy, Ikhwan, Rinta Kridalukmana, and Eko Didik Widianto. "Implementasi Cloud Storage Menggunakan OwnCloud yang High-Availability." Jurnal Teknologi dan Sistem Komputer 4, no. 2 (April 23, 2016): 209. http://dx.doi.org/10.14710/jtsiskom.4.2.2016.209-214.

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Implementation of practicum courses in Department of Computer Engineering Diponegoro University has some drawbacks, one of them is a lot of lab assistant and the practitioner experiencing difficulties in terms of archiving. One solution to solve the problem is implementing a shared file storage system that is easy and can be accessed by both practitioners or lab assistants. The purpose of this research is to build a cloud-based storage systems that are reliable to preventing crash damage hardware and high availability. The purpose of this research is achieved by designing the appropriate methodology. The result of this research is a storage system that is on the server side by using virtualization and data replication (DRBD) as a storage method. The system is composed of two physical servers and one virtual server. Physical servers are using Proxmox VE as operating system and virtual server is using Ubuntu Server as operating system. OwnCloud applications and files are stored in the virtual server. File storage system has several major functions, which are: upload, download, user management, remove, and restore. The functions are executed through web pages, desktop application and Android application.

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Kohar, Christopher P., Daniel S. Connolly, Timofei Liusko, and Kaan Inal. "Using Artificial Intelligence to Aid Vehicle Lightweighting in Crashworthiness with Aluminum." MATEC Web of Conferences 326 (2020): 01006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/202032601006.

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Significant efforts have been made in the automotive industry to reduce vehicle weight in order to improve vehicle fuel economy and reduce greenhouse gas emissions. New innovations in structural lightweight alloys and manufacturing techniques have allowed automakers to replace conventional steel with lighter aluminum structures. However, automakers have an enormous number of material and gauge thickness combinations to consider in the development process of the next generation production vehicle. Furthermore, the design combination of these materials and structures must not compromise the integrity of the vehicle during a vehicle collision. With the proliferation of inexpensive computational resources, automakers can now explore the effect of material selection on the crashworthiness of next-generation vehicles using computer simulations. While information from these simulations can be manually extracted, the vast amount of data lends itself to artificial intelligence (AI) techniques that can extract knowledge faster and provide more useful interpretations that can be convenient for designers and engineers. This work presents a framework for using artificial intelligence to aid the vehicle design cycle in crashworthiness using aluminum. Virtual experiments of a frontal crash condition of a pick-up truck are performed using finite element analysis to generate the data for this method. Different commercially available aluminum alloys and gauge thicknesses are varied in the virtual experiments. An advanced type of recurrent neural network is used to predict the time-series response of the occupant crash-pulse response, which is a key crashworthiness metric that is used for evaluating safety. This work highlights how automotive designs and engineers can leverage this framework to accelerate the development cycle of the next-generation lightweight vehicle.

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Ciunel, St, and B. Tica. "The virtual morphology and the main movements of the human neck simulations used for car crash studies." IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering 147 (August 2016): 012116. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1757-899x/147/1/012116.

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Havaj, Peter. "The Quality and the Complete Evidence Securing during the Traffic Crime Scene Investigation and its Relevance for Evidence Completion during the Traffic Accidents." Communications - Scientific letters of the University of Zilina 20, no. 4 (December 31, 2018): 76–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.26552/com.c.2018.4.76-81.

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Main purpose of this paper is to point out the problems considering the modern scientific usage of methods, ways and approaches, including the crime investigation of traffic accidents-collisions. We want to show the basic need of experienced traffic crime detective, his/her deep knowledge of the whole issue - the process of the traffic accident perpetrating as a complex process with the direct impact on the traffic crime detective work, which could be used in the process of the clearance the case, the video-record output created by program PC CRASH as the virtual element of legal evidence, enabling deeper knowledge of the whole process.

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Milani, Andrea, and Giovanni B. Valsecchi. "Whom should we call? Data policy for immediate impactors announcements." Proceedings of the International Astronomical Union 10, H16 (August 2012): 484–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1743921314011880.

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After the PR disaster of 1997 XF11 (March 1998), we started a crash research program on impact predictions. The difficulty was the chaotic motion of Earth-crossing asteroids (orbit uncertainty increases exponentially with time); it can be solved by replacing a real asteroid with a swarm of Virtual Asteroids. In 1999 we introduced Geometric Sampling to replace Monte-Carlo methods (see Milani, Chesley & Valsecchi, A&A 346, 1999). In November 1999 the first Impact Monitoring system CLOMON was operational. From 2002 the second generation systems CLOMON2 at Pisa and SENTRY at JPL are operational: critical cases are scanned for possible impacts in the next 90–100 years.

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Pampel, Sanna M., Katherine Lamb, Gary Burnett, Lee Skrypchuk, Chrisminder Hare, and Alex Mouzakitis. "An Investigation of the Effects of Driver Age When Using Novel Navigation Systems in a Head-Up Display." PRESENCE: Virtual and Augmented Reality 27, no. 1 (March 2019): 32–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/pres_a_00317.

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Although drivers gain experience with age, many older drivers are faced with age-related deteriorations that can lead to a higher crash risk. Head-Up Displays (HUDs) have been linked to significant improvements in driving performance for older drivers by tackling issues related to aging. For this study, two Augmented Reality (AR) HUD virtual car navigation solutions were tested (one screen-fixed, one world-fixed), aiming to improve navigation performance and reduce the discrepancy between younger and older drivers by aiding the appropriate allocation of attention and easing interpretation of navigational information. Twenty-five participants (12 younger, 13 older) undertook a series of drives within a medium-fidelity simulator with three different navigational conditions (virtual car HUD, static HUD arrow graphic, and traditional head-down satnav). Results showed that older drivers tended to achieve navigational success rates similar to the younger group, but experienced higher objective mental workload. Solely for the static HUD arrow graphic, differences in most workload questionnaire items and objective workload between younger and older participants were not significant. The virtual car led to improved navigation performance of all drivers, compared to the other systems. Hence, both AR HUD systems show potential for older drivers, which needs to be further investigated in a real-world driving context.

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Aghakhani, Kamran, Azadeh Memarian, and Mohammadreza Shalbafan. "The Modification of the Education System in a Medical Faculty in Iran During the COVID-19 Outbreak." International Journal of Medical Toxicology and Forensic Medicine 11, no. 1 (April 13, 2021): 32077.1–32077.4. http://dx.doi.org/10.32598/ijmtfm.v11i1.32077.

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Background: The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has had an important effect on medical education. Universities around the world responded to the crisis by announcing the immediate closure and substituted the in-person sessions with online ones. Methods: Iran University of Medical Sciences designed a platform for medical students. To maintain the social distance, only onethird of students living in the dormitory were present at the dormitory in this condition. Some training courses were divided into two parts and each group was supposed to participate in given courses in-person for 15 days. The crash courses were trained on all days of the week. Then, the first group left the dormitories and was replaced with the second group, and they used dormitories for 15 days after being disinfected. Besides, for the best use of time, students who could not present in these 15-day training courses took part in virtual training programs. Results: It is depopulate the educational sessions at hospitals and classes in educational sectors. Besides, using the virtual classroom software given by the university, students can take part in virtual training programs. Conclusion: Using this platform, the number of trainees, as well as the gathering of students at dormitories, was reduced.

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KIM, SEUNG ROK, and JEONG SEO KOO. "A STUDY ON STRAIN RATE EFFECT IN COLLISION ANALYSIS OF ROLLING STOCK." International Journal of Modern Physics B 22, no. 09n11 (April 30, 2008): 1423–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217979208046876.

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In this paper, the strain rate effect of energy absorption members in rolling stock is studied using the virtual testing model (VTM) for Korean high speed train (KHST). The VTM of KHST was simulated for two different strain rate conditions. The VTM is composed of FE models for structures, and nonlinear spring/damper models for dynamic components. To simplify numerical model for the full rake KHST, the first three units consist of full flexible multi-body dynamic models, and the remainder does 1-D spring/damper/mass models. To evaluate the strain rate effect of KHST, the crash simulation was performed under the accident scenario for a collision with a rigid mass of 15 tons at 110kph. The numerical results show that the overall crash response of the train is not largely affected as much as expected, but individual components have some different deformations according to strain rate. The deformation of the front end structure without strain rate effect is larger than that with it. However, the deformation of the rear end structure without strain rate effect is smaller than that with it. Finally, the intrusion of the driver's cabin is overestimated for no strain rate effect when compared to the case with it.

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Barrett, Bob. "Connecting Non-Financial Human Resource Management Students with a Crash Course in Finance in a Virtual Learning Environment." International Journal of System Modeling and Simulation 2, no. 3 (September 30, 2017): 14. http://dx.doi.org/10.24178/ijsms.2017.2.3.14.

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Traditionally, business and management subjects have been linked to what is known by one’s culture and business traditions in terms of how business dealings are operated and managed according to given and proven business and managerial theories, concepts, ideas, and overall best practices. However, as more and more technology has been introduced into today’s modern workplace, changes to the overall business landscape have gone from domestic to global to now virtual opportunities. Consequently, many of the traditional business and management fields have been undergoing a metamorphosis in order to complete with the growing needs in today’s busines world. In particular, the field of Human Resource Management (HRM) has been transitioning from the role of just managing the human capital (employees) in an organiztion over to becoming more of a strategic partnership. Thus, HRM professionals today have to master more content knowledge, skils skills, and be prepared for additonal roles in the workpace. This paper will overview how one of these new roles in the area of finance is being placed into the realm of HRM professionals and how educational educations are meeting the need of teaching finance basics to non-financial HR managers.

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Carlier, Jerome, and Toshiyuki Murakami. "Virtual Force Field Based of Force-Feedback of Road Condition for Driving Assistant Design in Electric Vehicle." International Journal of Automation Technology 5, no. 6 (November 5, 2011): 908–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.20965/ijat.2011.p0908.

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Most of the common road accidents are due to the driver’s inappropriate behavior, lack of attention, tiredness, and road conditions which usually cause the vehicle to deviate from the roadway or crash into others. Although, thanks to the Steer-by-Wire system, recent research showed that is now possible to enhance vehicles’ manipulability and users’ safety by stimulating the drivers to react efficiently in common and critical situations. This paper describes a new strategy to assist the driver in his trajectories’ planning on a multiple-lane highway. A driving assistant is here designed to give appropriate and continuous tactile feedbacks generated from a virtual force field present in the roadway’s environment. First, the assistant algorithm global structure is presented. Then, a road condition dependant virtual force field based driving input is designed in order to avoid road deviations as well as to enhance safety in presence of potentially dangerous road conditions, as lack of adherence and visibility. The performance of the system is evaluated firstly through preliminary simulations, and then confirmed on a driving simulator.

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Veldhuizen, Linda JL, Maja Slingerland, Lauren Barredo, and Ken E. Giller. "Carbon-free conferencing in the age of COVID-19." Outlook on Agriculture 49, no. 4 (September 21, 2020): 321–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0030727020960492.

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The COVID-19 pandemic has been a crash course for many in working from home using various online tools, many of which can be used to organize e-conferences. An e-conference is a fully online event with multiple sessions and virtual discussion in one platform. In this paper, we aim to provide insights in and present key steps to organize a successful e-conference, increase our understanding of the impact of e-conferences, and identify key strengths, weaknesses, and success factors. Based on a participant survey and our own experience, we found that e-conferences are relatively easy to organize with readily-available and free tools, that they are more accessible and thus inclusive than physical meetings, and that they are virtually carbon-free which can contribute to large emission savings. Three important success factors are attracting a good set of speakers, building an interested audience, and reaching your objectives and desired impact. A successful e-conference can enable joint learning among speakers and participants, and allows novel ways of disseminating scientific knowledge while also enabling networking for the many participants who might not be able to attend an in-person event.

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Yang, Xiao Long, Ping Li, Tao Lv, and Xue Hua Liao. "Traffic Accident Reconstruction Technology Research." Advanced Materials Research 756-759 (September 2013): 946–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.756-759.946.

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Based on the virtual simulation theory, we used three-dimensional modeling software to build modeling road facilities (vehicles, trees, street lights, etc.) for simulating the accident environment, and by using OpenGL technology, achieved reading, displaying and controlling the three-dimensional models. This dynamically realized the three-dimensional animated simulation of vehicle movement. Simultaneously we have calculated in progress the simulation of vehicle crash with the basic theory of automobile collision, vehicle collision model and the law of conservation of energy and momentum. Finally, we constructed a flexible platform for the simulation experiment. The platform is enabling to add and update road, trees, street lamps and house on the simulation environment dynamically, and has ability to analysis the traffic accident. This could give an assistant to the handling traffic accidents.

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Agrawal, Ravi, Michael Knodler, Donald L. Fisher, and Siby Samuel. "Advanced Virtual Reality Based Training to Improve Young Drivers’ Latent Hazard Anticipation Ability." Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting 61, no. 1 (September 2017): 1995–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1541931213601994.

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The crash rate for young novice drivers is at least eight times higher than that of their experienced counterparts. Literature shows that the young novice drivers are not careless drivers but they are clueless drivers’ - clueless because of their inability to predict the risk ahead of time that might materialize on the forward roadway. Other error-feedback training programs exist that emphasize the teaching of risk awareness and perception skills to young drivers. In the current study, a Virtual reality based risk awareness and perception training program (V-RAPT) was developed on the Oculus Rift and evaluated on a driving simulator. The training program provides 360 degrees’ views of 6 high risk driving scenarios towards training the young driver to anticipate and mitigate latent hazards. Twenty-four participants in three experiment groups were trained on one of 3 training programs- VRAPT, RAPT and Control, and were evaluated on a driving simulator. Eye movements were collected throughout the experiment. The simulator evaluation drives included six near-transfer scenarios used in the training and four far-transfer scenarios not used in the training but validated previously in other similar studies. The young drivers trained on the V-RAPT were found to anticipate a significantly greater proportion (86.25%) of the potential latent hazards as compared to the RAPT trained young drivers (62.36%) and control trained drivers (30.97%). The VR-based training program is shown to be effective in improving young drivers’ ability to anticipate latent threats.

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Acosta, Andrés Hermann. "Ficcionalización, pensamiento, lenguaje y nuevas narrativas virtuales. Ficcionalization, thought, language and new virtual narratives." Sophía 1, no. 12 (June 30, 2012): 107. http://dx.doi.org/10.17163/soph.n12.2012.06.

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Pensamiento, tecnología, lenguaje y nuevas narrativas virtuales constituyen formas de realidad virtual. Según los aportes conceptuales de David Deutsch en su texto La estructura de la realidad, la tecnología tiene como punto de inicio y concepción los procesos de pensamiento, imaginación y creación, que desde la perspectiva del aporte de este trabajo se irán articulando con el campo literario como expresión de ficcionalización y virtualización del conocimiento en el ciberespacio o metaverso.La propuesta de este trabajo es mostrar cómo literatura urbana y cyberpunk, a partir del uso de las Nuevas Tecnologías de la Información y la Comunicación (NTIC), han planteado nuevas formas de relacionamiento, comunicación y narrativas, las cuales han permitido pasar del texto lineal al hipertexto, el cual propone el uso de imágenes, sonidos y enlaces dinámicos como nuevas formas de lenguaje.Para poder entender las nuevas narrativas virtuales como formas de pensamiento y lenguaje abstracto, se analizarán dos obras del género literario cyberpunk: Snow crash de Neal Stephenson y Ygdrasil de Jorge Baradit. De esta manera se podrá ubicar espacial y temporalmente los inicios del cyberpunk en los Estados Unidos, para luego entender cuál ha sido el impacto de este género en el contexto latinoamericano.El metaverso es un nuevo escenario que constituye un entorno digital simbólico que se aproxima a la idea de una metáfora del mundo real. Este “no-lugar” ubicado en Internet propone nuevas formas de narración, así como la destemporalización y desterritorialización de las relaciones sociales, y la democratización del acceso a los saberes, conocimientos, pluralidad de textos, tecnología, filosofía y representaciones artísticas, como nuevas formas de metarelatos en el ciberespacio.El enfoque epistemológico que se sustentará el trabajo de las nuevas narrativas virtuales será el aporte del filósofo Ludwig Wittgenstein, que versa sobre el desarrollo del pensamiento a partir del lenguaje y el análisis de las proposiciones como oraciones o núcleos conceptuales que posibilitan la aclaración del lenguaje lógico y la consolidación de la estructura de la realidad.

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Keklikoglou, Andronikos, Cole D. Fitzpatrick, and Michael A. Knodler. "Investigation of Time and Speed Perception using a Driving Simulator." Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board 2672, no. 37 (May 23, 2018): 132–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0361198118776519.

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Thirty-four drivers participated in a driving simulator experiment which investigated time and speed perception as it related to cognitive workload resulting from secondary tasks. Each participant drove the virtual drive twice, once with either an audio or a map task and again with no distractions as a control. Participants knew from a practice drive that they would be asked to estimate their speed and time duration of driving, thus this study used the prospective paradigm. Based on previous literature it was expected that there would be an underestimation of time and an overestimation of speed. The reverse occurred, participants overestimated time and underestimate their speed. This suggests that drivers may have found the drive unstimulating, despite the secondary tasks, and that the rural environmental may have impacted speed perception. In addition, a large group of participants, nine out of 34, crashed the virtual vehicle at a horizontal curve that was not problematic in previous simulator studies. When investigating these crashes further, it was found that drivers who crashed in the second drive had significantly worse time perception in the first drive as compared to drivers who did not crash in the second drive. This finding suggests that current time perception may be a predictor of future speed selection.

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Mishra, Ankur, and Aayushi Priya. "A Comprehensive Study on Intelligent Transportation Systems." SMART MOVES JOURNAL IJOSCIENCE 4, no. 10 (October 13, 2018): 10. http://dx.doi.org/10.24113/ijoscience.v4i10.167.

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Transportation or transport sector is a legal source to take or carry things from one place to another. With the passage of time, transportation faces many issues like high accidents rate, traffic congestion, traffic & carbon emissions air pollution, etc. In some cases, transportation sector faced alleviating the brutality of crash related injuries in accident. Due to such complexity, researchers integrate virtual technologies with transportation which known as Intelligent Transport System. Intelligent Transport Systems (ITS) provide transport solutions by utilizing state-of-the-art information and telecommunications technologies. It is an integrated system of people, roads and vehicles, designed to significantly contribute to improve road safety, efficiency and comfort, as well as environmental conservation through realization of smoother traffic by relieving traffic congestion. This paper aims to elucidate various aspects of ITS - it's need, the various user applications, technologies utilized and concludes by emphasizing the case study of IBM ITS.

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Grujicic, Mica, JS Snipes, and S. Ramaswami. "Process modeling, joint virtual testing and construction of joint connectors for mechanical fastening by flow-drilling screws." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part B: Journal of Engineering Manufacture 231, no. 6 (March 30, 2015): 1048–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0954405415577709.

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In this work, a computational approach is proposed in order to help establish the effect of various flow-drilling screw process and material parameters on the quality and the mechanical performance of the resulting flow-drilling screw joints. Toward that end, a sequence of three distinct computational analyses is developed. These analyses include the following: (a) finite element modeling and simulations of the flow-drilling screw process; (b) determination of the mechanical properties of the resulting flow-drilling screw joints through the use of three-dimensional, continuum finite element–based numerical simulations of various mechanical tests performed on the flow-drilling screw joints and (c) determination, parameterization and validation of the constitutive relations for the simplified flow-drilling screw connectors, using the results obtained in (b) and the available experimental results. The availability of such connectors is mandatory in large-scale computational analyses of whole-vehicle crash or even in simulations of vehicle component manufacturing, for example, car-body electro-coat paint-baking process. In such simulations, explicit three-dimensional representation of all flow-drilling screw joints is associated with a prohibitive computational cost. The approach developed in this work can be used, within an engineering-optimization procedure, to adjust the flow-drilling screw process and material parameters (design variables) in order to obtain a desired combination of the flow-drilling screw joint mechanical properties (objective function).

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Raksincharoensak, Pongsathorn, Yuta Akamatsu, Katsumi Moro, and Masao Nagai. "Driver Speed Control Modeling for Predictive Braking Assistance System Based on Risk Potential in Intersections." Journal of Robotics and Mechatronics 26, no. 5 (October 20, 2014): 628–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.20965/jrm.2014.p0628.

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<div class=""abs_img""><img src=""[disp_template_path]/JRM/abst-image/00260005/12.jpg"" width=""300"" />Predictive braking assistance system</div> This paper describes the assessment of a predictive braking assistance system, which is done using a driving simulator that reconstructs near-miss incident scenarios relevant to pedestrians. An autonomous braking assistance algorithm for collision avoidance is designed based on pedestrian movement prediction and an artificial risk potential field. A virtual spring connecting the vehicle and the pedestrian is used to determine the repulsive potential field and the intensity of the deceleration. The feasibility of the proposed braking assistance algorithm is examined through experiments using the driving simulator and a comparison to actual driving data. Near-miss incident data relevant to pedestrians in intersections are analyzed to get the basic parameters of a crash scenario model relevant to pedestrians. Driving simulator experiments are used to verify the effectiveness of the proposed system.

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Oţăt, Oana Victoria, and Nicolae Dumitru. "The Vehicle’s Frontal Impact Influence on Driver in out of Position." Applied Mechanics and Materials 772 (July 2015): 84–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.772.84.

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The present paper underpins a contrastive study of the driver’s behavior and the injuries suffered in frontal vehicle collision, with a focus on the analysis of head-specific injuries. Four different simulation cases have been performed by means of the LS-DYNA software, where a seated belted and/or unbelted Hybrid III 50th percentile male dummy was in turns normally-positioned and out of position. Accordingly, both the analyses as well as the numerical simulation have been completed by applying a five-component model that encompasses: the dummy, the seat, the seatbelt, the steering wheel and the airbag. The assembly’s prescribed motion has been defined following a frontal Virtual Crash software-based impact simulation of a mid-size sedan at a velocity of 50 km/h against a rigid wall. The results analysis aimed at identifying the longitudinal variation laws over time in head displacements and accelerations as well as lateral motion. Admittedly, the results analysis certified that a more controlled-oriented approach to the selection of the driver’s normal positioning is a prerequisite in compliance with typical driving particularities.

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Hanash Martínez, Macarena. "Feminist Cyber-resistance to Digital Violence: Surviving Gamergate." Debats. Revista de cultura, poder i societat 5 (December 30, 2020): 287–302. http://dx.doi.org/10.28939/iam.debats-en.2020-17.

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Women in cyberspace do not escape patriarchal violence and are subject to strict social control exercised through technological means. Cyber-violence especially affects women with an explicitly feminist presence in virtual spaces. Their participation in and advocacy of feminist values are considered a transgression of the patriarchal mandate, which seeks to exclude women from public spaces or, failing that, to marginalise them. That is why they are the targets of grave intimidation, harassment and threats. At the same time, digital networks have spawned a plethora of spaces for women’s collective, political and social action. Thus, online activity has played a key role in the resurgence and revitalisation of feminist communities and debates. This paper analyses the projects launched by Zoë Quinn and Anita Sarkeesian, two of the main targets of the Gamergate movement. We will study: (1) Crash Override and Speak Up & Stay Safe(r), a helpline and a resource platform for cyber-violence victims, respectively; (2) feminist cyber-resistance projects, within the framework of cyber-feminism and the current paradigm shift in the culture of protest and feminist organisation.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Virtual CRASH'

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