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Journal articles on the topic 'Virtual power plant (VPP)'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 1 February 2022

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1

Chang, Ya Chin, Sung Ling Chen, Rung Fang Chang, and Chan Nan Lu. "Optimal Virtual Power Plant Dispatching Approach." Applied Mechanics and Materials 590 (June 2014): 511–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.590.511.

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As the integrator of energy resources (DERs), a virtual power plant (VPP) would be able to control the amount of the power access to the distribution transformers such that energy efficiency can be improved. Battery energy storage system (BESS) and demand response (DR) as DERs can entrust the VPP with certain controllability to regulate the power supply of the distribution system. This paper aims to maximize the benefit of the supplied powers over the 24 hours under VPP operation. Combining an iterative dynamic programming optimal BESS schedule approach and a PSO-based DR scheme optimization a

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Li, Tian Ran, Yun Hu Luo, and Lin Sun. "Risk Management of Virtual Power Plant Reserve Allocation." Applied Mechanics and Materials 448-453 (October 2013): 2695–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.448-453.2695.

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Virtual Power Plant (VPP) is a new entity in power systems that manages a set of various distributed energy resources (DERs). One of the functions of VPP is to determine the allocation of reserve to solve the problem of renewable generation uncertainty. In this paper, the reserve resources of VPP are classified into non-renewable distributed generation (NRDG), energy storage device (ESD), interruptible load (IL) and reserve bought from the market (RBFM). Their complementary properties should be utilized to improve the economy of reserve allocation. An optimal coordination model for risk manage

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Sun, Zhong Wei. "Communication System Architecture for Hierarchical Virtual Power Plant Control." Applied Mechanics and Materials 631-632 (September 2014): 878–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.631-632.878.

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Virtual Power Plant (VPP) is recognized as essential for the successful implementation of smart grids, and information communication technology is enabling technology for VPP implementation. However, finding the most appropriate technology that can satisfy their future communication needs is still an unsolving issue for VPP. Focusing on the hierarchial VPP control model, and utilizing Ethernet Passive Optical Network (EPON) network technology, this paper has presented an EPON-based communication architecture for virtual power plant.

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Su, Da Wei, Ji Nian Pang, and Hao Jiang. "Review on Functions and Control Technologies of Virtual Power Plant." Applied Mechanics and Materials 644-650 (September 2014): 3767–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.644-650.3767.

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The basic design concept and the necessities of virtual power plant (VPP) are introduced after analyzing the future conditions of global energy demand. According to the differences in functions, VPP is divided into two roles, the commercial virtual power plant and the technical virtual power plant. After comparing their characteristics, related connections between them are proposed. Power quality control technologies and auxiliary services provided by VPP are discussed in detail based on current domestic and international research situation. Finally three scheduling control modes, the centrali

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Geng, Shiping, Caixia Tan, Dongxiao Niu, and Xiaopeng Guo. "Optimal Allocation Model of Virtual Power Plant Capacity considering Electric Vehicles." Mathematical Problems in Engineering 2021 (June 12, 2021): 1–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/5552323.

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To push forward the development of electric vehicles while improving the economy and environment of virtual power plants (VPPs), research on the optimization of VPP capacity considering electric vehicles is carried out. In this paper, based on this, this paper first analyzes the framework of the VPP with electric vehicles and models each unit of the VPP. Secondly, the typical scenarios of wind power, photovoltaic, electric vehicle charging and discharging, and load are formed by the Monte Carlo method to reduce the output deviation of each unit. Then, taking the maximization of the net income

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Oh, Eunsung. "Risk-Based Virtual Power Plant Implementation Strategy for Smart Energy Communities." Applied Sciences 11, no. 17 (2021): 8248. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app11178248.

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This paper focuses on a virtual power plant (VPP) implementation strategy for smart local energy communities (SECs) with energy service providers. It is difficult to balance energy in the implementation stage due to uncertainties in demand and resources. Therefore, VPP implementation was modeled using the risk factor of energy balance. Using this risk factor, it was shown that the temporal correlation between demand and resources was the dominant factor involved in VPP implementation. Based on this, two risk-based VPP implementation strategies are proposed: an optimization-based strategy and a

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Duan, Jie, Xiaodan Wang, Yajing Gao, et al. "Multi-Objective Virtual Power Plant Construction Model Based on Decision Area Division." Applied Sciences 8, no. 9 (2018): 1484. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app8091484.

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Virtual power plant (VPP) is an effective technology form to aggregate the distributed energy resources (DERs), which include distributed generation (DG), energy storage (ES) and demand response (DR). The establishment of a unified and coordinated control of VPP is an important means to achieve the interconnection of energy internet. Therefore, this paper focuses on the research of VPP construction model. Firstly, a preliminary introduction on all kinds of the DERs is carried out. According to the relevant guidelines, the decision area of the VPP is carefully divided, and the decision variable

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Candra, Dodiek, Kilian Hartmann, and Michael Nelles. "Economic Optimal Implementation of Virtual Power Plants in the German Power Market." Energies 11, no. 9 (2018): 2365. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en11092365.

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The burden of excess energy from the high renewable energy sources (RES) share creates a significant reduction of residual load for the future, resulting in reduced market prices. The higher the share of stochastic RES, the more often the price will be 0 €/MWh. The power market needs new methods to solve these problems. The development of virtual power plants (VPPs) is aimed at solving techno-economic problems with an increasing share of RES in the power market. This study analyses a possible implementation of stochastic and deterministic RES in a VPP to generate secured power, which can be im

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Podder, Amit Kumer, Sayemul Islam, Nallapaneni Manoj Kumar, et al. "Systematic Categorization of Optimization Strategies for Virtual Power Plants." Energies 13, no. 23 (2020): 6251. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en13236251.

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Due to the rapid growth in power consumption of domestic and industrial appliances, distributed energy generation units face difficulties in supplying power efficiently. The integration of distributed energy resources (DERs) and energy storage systems (ESSs) provides a solution to these problems using appropriate management schemes to achieve optimal operation. Furthermore, to lessen the uncertainties of distributed energy management systems, a decentralized energy management system named virtual power plant (VPP) plays a significant role. This paper presents a comprehensive review of 65 exist

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Lin, Whei-Min, Chung-Yuen Yang, Zong-Yo Wu, and Ming-Tang Tsai. "Optimal Control of a Virtual Power Plant by Maximizing Conditional Value-at-Risk." Applied Sciences 11, no. 16 (2021): 7752. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app11167752.

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This research acquired data from the Central Weather Bureau Observation Data Inquiry System (CODIS) for historical weather information, such as observation time, temperature, humidity, wind speed, global radiation, etc., and constructed a historical weather database by using Excel software. Least square support vector machine (LSSVM) was used to forecast wind speed and solar radiation; then, the power output of wind and solar was derived. Considering factors of the demand response and the load and electricity pricing, a maximized risk income model of the virtual power plant (VPP) is establishe

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Jasiński, Michał. "Combined Correlation and Cluster Analysis for Long-Term Power Quality Data from Virtual Power Plant." Electronics 10, no. 6 (2021): 641. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/electronics10060641.

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Analysis of the connection between different units that operate in the same area assures always interesting results. During this investigation, the concerned area was a virtual power plant (VPP) that operates in Poland. The main distributed resources included in the VPP are a 1.25 MW hydropower plant and an associated 0.5 MW energy storage system. The mentioned VPP was a source of synchronic, long-term, multipoint power quality (PQ) data. Then, for five related measurement points, the conclusion about the relation in point of PQ was performed using correlation analysis, the global index approa

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Jasiński, Michał, Tomasz Sikorski, Dominika Kaczorowska, et al. "A Case Study on Data Mining Application in a Virtual Power Plant: Cluster Analysis of Power Quality Measurements." Energies 14, no. 4 (2021): 974. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en14040974.

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One of the recent trends that concern renewable energy sources and energy storage systems is the concept of virtual power plants (VPP). The majority of research now focuses on analyzing case studies of VPP in different issues. This article presents the investigation that is based on a real VPP. That VPP operates in Poland and consists of hydropower plants (HPP), as well as energy storage systems (ESS). For specific analysis, cluster analysis, as a representative technique of data mining, was selected for power quality (PQ) issues. The used data represents 26 weeks of PQ multipoint synchronic m

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Yu, Jie, Qizhi Feng, Yang Li, and Jinde Cao. "Stochastic Optimal Dispatch of Virtual Power Plant considering Correlation of Distributed Generations." Mathematical Problems in Engineering 2015 (2015): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2015/135673.

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Virtual power plant (VPP) is an aggregation of multiple distributed generations, energy storage, and controllable loads. Affected by natural conditions, the uncontrollable distributed generations within VPP, such as wind and photovoltaic generations, are extremely random and relative. Considering the randomness and its correlation of uncontrollable distributed generations, this paper constructs the chance constraints stochastic optimal dispatch of VPP including stochastic variables and its random correlation. The probability distributions of independent wind and photovoltaic generations are de

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Sun, Zhong Wei, and Jing Jiao. "A Survey of Vehicle-to-Grid Implementation through Virtual Power Plants." Applied Mechanics and Materials 631-632 (September 2014): 314–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.631-632.314.

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The Smart Grid uses two-way flows of electricity and information to create a widely distributed automated energy delivery network, and Vehicle-to-Grid (V2G) and Virtual Power Plant (VPP) are two innovative smart grid applications. This survey focuses on V2G implementation through VPPs. First, the concept of V2G and its architectures are introduced. Then VPP, a new power plant concept and its corresponding control methods are described. Finally, implementation strategies of V2G through VPPs are categorized.

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Ropuszyńska-Surma, Edyta, and Magdalena Węglarz. "The Virtual Power Plant – A Review Of Business Models." E3S Web of Conferences 108 (2019): 01006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/201910801006.

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The aim of the article is to present a critical comparison of different business models of Virtual Power Plant and pointing out both the common and the unique features for each model. Therefore, the American, German, Finnish, Danish and Australian VPP’s business models are described in the article. The VPP is an IT structure which integrates different types of distributed energy sources, flexible consumers and energy storage with each other and with other market segments in real time through a smart grid. The VPP gives positive effects on electricity grid like ensuring energy security, improvi

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Tan, Zhong-fu, Huan-huan Li, Li-wei Ju, and Qing-kun Tan. "Joint Scheduling Optimization of Virtual Power Plants and Equitable Profit Distribution Using Shapely Value Theory." Mathematical Problems in Engineering 2018 (2018): 1–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2018/3810492.

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The installation capacity of wind and solar photovoltaic power is continually increasing, which makes renewable energy grid connection and power generation an important link of China’s power structure optimization. A virtual power plant (VPP) is an important way to help distributed energy resource grid connection and promote renewable energy industry development. To study the economic scheduling problem of various distributed energy resources and the profit distribution problem of VPP alliance, this study builds a separate operation scheduling model for individual VPP and a joint operation sch

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Oest, Frauke, Malin Radtke, Marita Blank-Babazadeh, Stefanie Holly, and Sebastian Lehnhoff. "Evaluation of Communication Infrastructures for Distributed Optimization of Virtual Power Plant Schedules." Energies 14, no. 5 (2021): 1226. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en14051226.

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With the transition towards renewable energy resources, the impact of small distributed generators (DGs) increases, leading to the need to actively stabilize distribution grids. DGs may be organized in virtual power plants (VPPs), where DGs’ schedules must be coordinated to enable the VPP to act as a single plant. One approach to solving this problem is using multi-agent systems (MAS) to offer autonomous, robust, and flexible control methods. The coordination of such systems requires communication between agents. The time required for this depends on communication characteristics, determined b

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Pal, Poushali, Parvathy Ayalur Krishnamoorthy, Devabalaji Kaliaperumal Rukmani, et al. "Optimal Dispatch Strategy of Virtual Power Plant for Day-Ahead Market Framework." Applied Sciences 11, no. 9 (2021): 3814. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app11093814.

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Renewable energy sources prevail as a clean energy source and their penetration in the power sector is increasing day by day due to the growing concern for climate action. However, the intermittent nature of the renewable energy based-power generation questions the grid security, especially when the utilized source is solar radiation or wind flow. The intermittency of the renewable generation can be met by the integration of distributed energy resources. The virtual power plant (VPP) is a new concept which aggregates the capacities of various distributed energy resources, handles controllable

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Kaczorowska, Dominika, Jacek Rezmer, Michal Jasinski, et al. "A Case Study on Battery Energy Storage System in a Virtual Power Plant: Defining Charging and Discharging Characteristics." Energies 13, no. 24 (2020): 6670. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en13246670.

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A virtual power plant (VPP) can be defined as the integration of decentralized units into one centralized control system. A VPP consists of generation sources and energy storage units. In this article, based on real measurements, the charging and discharging characteristics of the battery energy storage system (BESS) were determined, which represents a key element of the experimental virtual power plant operating in the power system in Poland. The characteristics were determined using synchronous measurements of the power of charge and discharge of the storage and the state of charge (SoC). Th

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Sikorski, Tomasz, Michal Jasiński, Edyta Ropuszyńska-Surma, et al. "A Case Study on Distributed Energy Resources and Energy-Storage Systems in a Virtual Power Plant Concept: Technical Aspects." Energies 13, no. 12 (2020): 3086. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en13123086.

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The article presents calculations and power flow of a real virtual power plant (VPP), containing a fragment of low and medium voltage distribution network. The VPP contains a hydropower plant (HPP), a photovoltaic system (PV) and energy storage system (ESS). The purpose of this article is to summarize the requirements for connection of generating units to the grid. Paper discusses the impact of the requirements on the maximum installed capacity of distributed energy resource (DER) systems and on the parameters of the energy storage unit. Firstly, a comprehensive review of VPP definitions, aims

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Bianchi, Stefano, Allegra De Filippo, Sandro Magnani, Gabriele Mosaico, and Federico Silvestro. "VIRTUS Project: A Scalable Aggregation Platform for the Intelligent Virtual Management of Distributed Energy Resources." Energies 14, no. 12 (2021): 3663. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en14123663.

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The VIRTUS project aims to create a Virtual Power Plant (VPP) prototype coordinating the Distributed Energy Resources (DERs) of the power system and providing services to the system operators and the various players of the electricity markets, with a particular focus on the industrial sector agents. The VPP will be able to manage a significant number of DERs and simulate realistic plants, components, and market data to study different operating conditions and the future impact of the policy changes of the Balancing Markets (BM). This paper describes the project’s aim, the general structure of

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Moreno, Guillermo, Carlos Santos, Pedro Martín, Francisco Javier Rodríguez, Rafael Peña, and Branislav Vuksanovic. "Intra-Day Solar Power Forecasting Strategy for Managing Virtual Power Plants." Sensors 21, no. 16 (2021): 5648. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s21165648.

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Solar energy penetration has been on the rise worldwide during the past decade, attracting a growing interest in solar power forecasting over short time horizons. The increasing integration of these resources without accurate power forecasts hinders the grid operation and discourages the use of this renewable resource. To overcome this problem, Virtual Power Plants (VPPs) provide a solution to centralize the management of several installations to minimize the forecasting error. This paper introduces a method to efficiently produce intra-day accurate Photovoltaic (PV) power forecasts at differe

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Przychodzień, Arkadiusz. "Virtual power plants - types and development opportunities." E3S Web of Conferences 137 (2019): 01044. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/201913701044.

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Modern power engineering meets new challenges. With the development of new energy production and storage technologies, creates new demands for energy services. To support this development, it is necessary to implement new teleinformatic systems that will allow for resource management. Such systems are called Virtual Power Plants (VPP). There are many definitions of this type of solutions due to the very wide range of possible applications. VPPs can be developed by many types of entities, e.g. distribution system operators, electricity generators, energy clusters. The ability to build a system

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Gao, Rui, Hongxia Guo, Ruihong Zhang, et al. "A Two-Stage Dispatch Mechanism for Virtual Power Plant Utilizing the CVaR Theory in the Electricity Spot Market." Energies 12, no. 17 (2019): 3402. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en12173402.

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The electricity spot market is now being implemented in China. Demand response, as a kind of flexible resource, is also being studied and explored for the constructed power market. Among the many demand response applications, the virtual power plant (VPP) as an aggregator of distributed energy resources (DERs), receives ever-increasing attention. However, the participation manner and related impacts of the VPP to the electricity spot market are still unknown within the current power market rules. Under this background, obeying the present trading rules of China’s electricity spot market, a two

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Ko, Rakkyung, and Sung-Kwan Joo. "Stochastic Mixed-Integer Programming (SMIP)-Based Distributed Energy Resource Allocation Method for Virtual Power Plants." Energies 13, no. 1 (2019): 67. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en13010067.

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Virtual power plants (VPPs) have been widely researched to handle the unpredictability and variable nature of renewable energy sources. The distributed energy resources are aggregated to form into a virtual power plant and operate as a single generator from the perspective of a system operator. Power system operators often utilize the incentives to operate virtual power plants in desired ways. To maximize the revenue of virtual power plant operators, including its incentives, an optimal portfolio needs to be identified, because each renewable energy source has a different generation pattern. T

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Alhelou, Hassan Haes, Pierluigi Siano, Massimo Tipaldi, Raffaele Iervolino, and Feras Mahfoud. "Primary Frequency Response Improvement in Interconnected Power Systems Using Electric Vehicle Virtual Power Plants." World Electric Vehicle Journal 11, no. 2 (2020): 40. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/wevj11020040.

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The smart grid concept enables demand-side management, including electric vehicles (EVs). Thus way, some ancillary services can be provided in order to improve the power system stability, reliability, and security. The high penetration level of renewable energy resources causes some problems to independent system operators, such as lack of primary reserve and active power balance problems. Nowadays, many countries are encouraging the use of EVs which provide a good chance to utilize them as a virtual power plant (VPP) in order to contribute to frequency event. This paper proposes a new control

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Jasiński, Michal, Tomasz Sikorski, Dominika Kaczorowska, et al. "A Case Study on Power Quality in a Virtual Power Plant: Long Term Assessment and Global Index Application." Energies 13, no. 24 (2020): 6578. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en13246578.

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The concept of virtual power plants (VPP) was introduced over 20 years ago but is still actively researched. The majority of research now focuses on analyzing case studies of such installations. In this article, the investigation is based on a VPP in Poland, which contains hydropower plants (HPP) and energy storage systems (ESS). For specific analysis, the power quality (PQ) issues were selected. The used data contain 26 weeks of multipoint, synchronic measurements of power quality levels in four related points. The investigation is concerned with the application of a global index to a single-

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Behi, Behnaz, Ali Baniasadi, Ali Arefi, Arian Gorjy, Philip Jennings, and Almantas Pivrikas. "Cost–Benefit Analysis of a Virtual Power Plant Including Solar PV, Flow Battery, Heat Pump, and Demand Management: A Western Australian Case Study." Energies 13, no. 10 (2020): 2614. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en13102614.

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Achieving the renewable energy integration target will require the extensive engagement of consumers and the private sector in investment and operation of renewable-based energy systems. Virtual power plants are an efficient way to implement this engagement. In this paper, the detailed costs and benefits of implementing a realistic virtual power plant (VPP) in Western Australia, comprising 67 dwellings, are calculated. The VPP is designed to integrate and coordinate rooftop solar photovoltaic panels (PV), vanadium redox flow batteries (VRFB), heat pump hot water systems (HWSs), and demand mana

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Jasiński, Michał, Tomasz Sikorski, Dominika Kaczorowska, et al. "A Case Study on a Hierarchical Clustering Application in a Virtual Power Plant: Detection of Specific Working Conditions from Power Quality Data." Energies 14, no. 4 (2021): 907. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en14040907.

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The integration of virtual power plants (VPP) has become more popular. Thus, research on VPP for different issues is highly desirable. This article addresses power quality issues. The presented investigation is based on multipoint, synchronic measurements obtained from five points that are related to the VPP. This article provides a proposition and discussion of using one global index in place of the classical power quality (PQ) parameters. Furthermore, in the article, one new global power quality index was proposed. Then the PQ measurements, as well as global indexes, were used to prepare inp

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Gao, Yajing, Xiaojie Zhou, Jiafeng Ren, Xiuna Wang, and Dongwei Li. "Double Layer Dynamic Game Bidding Mechanism Based on Multi-Agent Technology for Virtual Power Plant and Internal Distributed Energy Resource." Energies 11, no. 11 (2018): 3072. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en11113072.

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As renewable energies become the main direction of global energy development in the future, Virtual Power Plant (VPP) becomes a regional multi-energy aggregation model for large-scale integration of distributed generation into the power grid. It also provides an important way for distributed energy resources (DER) to participate in electricity market transactions. Firstly, the basic concept of VPP is outlined, and various uncertainties within VPP are modeled. Secondly, using multi-agent technology and Stackelberg dynamic game theory, a double-layer nested dynamic game bidding model including V

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Sikorski, Tomasz, Michał Jasiński, Edyta Ropuszyńska-Surma, et al. "A Case Study on Distributed Energy Resources and Energy-Storage Systems in a Virtual Power Plant Concept: Economic Aspects." Energies 12, no. 23 (2019): 4447. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en12234447.

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This paper analyzes the technical and economic possibilities of integrating distributed energy resources (DERs) and energy-storage systems (ESSs) into a virtual power plant (VPP) and operating them as a single power plant. The purpose of the study is to assess the economic efficiency of the VPP model, which is influenced by several factors such as energy price and energy production. Ten scenarios for the VPP were prepared on the basis of the installed capacities of a hydropower plant (HPP), rooftop solar photovoltaic (PV), and energy-storage system (ESS), as well as weather conditions, in Pola

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Dey, Partha Pratim, Dulal Chandra Das, Abdul Latif, S. M. Suhail Hussain, and Taha Selim Ustun. "Active Power Management of Virtual Power Plant under Penetration of Central Receiver Solar Thermal-Wind Using Butterfly Optimization Technique." Sustainability 12, no. 17 (2020): 6979. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su12176979.

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Striving for the suppression of greenhouse emissions, the modern power network is facing fundamental changes with the utilization of renewable energies (REs) for the future carbon-free society. The utilization of intermittent renewable-green power needs a better power management system and virtual power plant (VPP) can be a vital candidate that meets this demand. This study investigates a coordinated control grid integrated virtual power plant (VPP) in the presence of Central Receiver Solar Thermal System (CRSTS), Wind Turbine Generator (WTG), and Electric Vehicle (EV). To this end, CRSTS empl

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Sun, Guoqiang, Weihang Qian, Wenjin Huang, et al. "Stochastic Adaptive Robust Dispatch for Virtual Power Plants Using the Binding Scenario Identification Approach." Energies 12, no. 10 (2019): 1918. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en12101918.

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The present study establishes a stochastic adaptive robust dispatch model for virtual power plants (VPPs) to address the risks associated with uncertainties in electricity market prices and photovoltaic (PV) power outputs. The model consists of distributed components, such as the central air-conditioning system (CACS) and PV power plant, aggregated by the VPP. The uncertainty in the electricity market price is addressed using a stochastic programming approach, and the uncertainty in PV output is addressed using an adaptive robust approach. The model is decomposed into a master problem and a su

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Luo, Jingjing, Yajing Gao, Wenhai Yang, Yongchun Yang, Zheng Zhao, and Shiyu Tian. "Optimal Operation Modes of Virtual Power Plants Based on Typical Scenarios Considering Output Evaluation Criteria." Energies 11, no. 10 (2018): 2634. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en11102634.

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Stimulated by the severe energy crisis and the increasing awareness about the need for environmental protection, the efficient use of renewable energy has become a hot topic. The virtual power plant (VPP) is an effective way of integrating distributed energy systems (DES) by effectively deploying them in power grid dispatching or electricity trading. In this paper, the operating mode of the VPP with penetration of wind power, solar power and energy storage is investigated. Firstly, the grid-connection requirements of VPP according to the current wind and solar photovoltaic (PV) grid-connection

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Meng, Shao Xin, Hao Bai, and Yu Li Wang. "Optimal Energy Management for Smart Distribution Grid Based on Virtual Power Plant." Advanced Materials Research 986-987 (July 2014): 388–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.986-987.388.

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Virtual Power Plant (VPP) technology can take advantage of interactive communication and energy management system to optimize and coordinate the control of distributed generation, controllable load, energy storage device, so as to integrate them and participate in the energy exchange of the grid and the quote trading of power market. This paper is devoted to study the energy management system in virtual power plant. Under the day-ahead market ,this project puts forward the maximum profit model, analyzes the operation condition of various elements in virtual power plant, and set restrictions fo

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Ko, Rakkyung, Daeyoung Kang, and Sung-Kwan Joo. "Mixed Integer Quadratic Programming Based Scheduling Methods for Day-Ahead Bidding and Intra-Day Operation of Virtual Power Plant." Energies 12, no. 8 (2019): 1410. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en12081410.

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As distributed energy resources (DERs) proliferate power systems, power grids face new challenges stemming from the variability and uncertainty of DERs. To address these problems, virtual power plants (VPPs) are established to aggregate DERs and manage them as single dispatchable and reliable resources. VPPs can participate in the day-ahead (DA) market and therefore require a bidding method that maximizes profits. It is also important to minimize the variability of VPP output during intra-day (ID) operations. This paper presents mixed integer quadratic programming-based scheduling methods for

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Li, Xiangyu, Dongmei Zhao, and Baicang Guo. "Decentralized and Collaborative Scheduling Approach for Active Distribution Network with Multiple Virtual Power Plants." Energies 11, no. 11 (2018): 3208. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en11113208.

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In order to build an active distribution system with multi virtual power plants (VPP), a decentralized two-stage stochastic dispatching model based on synchronous alternating direction multiplier method (SADMM) was proposed in this paper. Through the integration of distributed energy and large-scale electric vehicles (EV) in the distribution network by VPP group, coordinative complementarity, and global optimization were realized. On the premise of energy autonomy management of active distribution network (AND) and VPP, after ensuring the privacy of stakeholders, the power of tie-line was take

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Zhang, Jiahui, Zhiyu Xu, Weisheng Xu, Feiyu Zhu, Xiaoyu Lyu, and Min Fu. "Bi-Objective Dispatch of Multi-Energy Virtual Power Plant: Deep-Learning-Based Prediction and Particle Swarm Optimization." Applied Sciences 9, no. 2 (2019): 292. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app9020292.

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This paper addresses the coordinative operation problem of multi-energy virtual power plant (ME-VPP) in the context of energy internet. A bi-objective dispatch model is established to optimize the performance of ME-VPP in terms of economic cost (EC) and power quality (PQ). Various realistic factors are considered, which include environmental governance, transmission ratings, output limits, etc. Long short-term memory (LSTM), a deep learning method, is applied to the promotion of the accuracy of wind prediction. An improved multi-objective particle swarm optimization (MOPSO) is utilized as the

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Ullah, Zahid, and Nayyar Hussain Mirjat. "Virtual power plant: state of the art providing energy flexibility to local distribution grids." E3S Web of Conferences 231 (2021): 01002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202123101002.

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Integrating decentralised energy sources into the traditional distribution networks can result in technical issues impacting the power quality. Innovative ideas are, therefore, needed to promote the transformation of systems to a smart grid. Distribution System operator (DSO) could make use of the flexibility of emerging technologies as a method to address these power quality issues. This study aims to present an overview of a local flexibility market (LFM) which will allow DSO requirements to be fulfilled through the (VPP) as an energy flexibility provider. The required optimization loads, ge

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Lyu, Xu, Wang, Fu, and Xu. "A Two-Layer Interactive Mechanism for Peer-to-Peer Energy Trading Among Virtual Power Plants." Energies 12, no. 19 (2019): 3628. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en12193628.

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This paper addresses decentralized energy trading among virtual power plants (VPPs) and proposes a peer-to-peer (P2P) mechanism, including two interactive layers: on the bottom layer, each VPP schedules/reschedules its internal distributed energy resources (DERs); and on the top layer, VPPs negotiate with each other on the trade price and quantity. The bottom-layer scheduling provides initial conditions for the top-layer negotiation, and the feedback of top-layer negotiation affects the bottom-layer rescheduling. The local scheduling/rescheduling of a VPP is formulated as a stochastic optimiza

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Kalaf, A. A., O. Sh Alyozbaky, and A. I. Alghannam. "A modern technique to manage energy profile in Iraq: virtual power plant (VPP)." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 1973, no. 1 (2021): 012078. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/1973/1/012078.

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Nguyen, Duc Huu. "An approach to balance state of charges of distributed batteries in virtual power plants." Vietnam Journal of Science and Technology 56, no. 1 (2018): 81. http://dx.doi.org/10.15625/2525-2518/56/1/8715.

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Small distributed energy sources could be aggregated to form a virtual power plant (VPP) in order to overall improve technical and market issues. VPPs should be composed of several distributed batteries (DB) to solve the problem of intermittency due to wind and solar. This paper presents an approach to balance state of charge batteries. It is therefore to improve the lifetime of batteries in VPPs. According to the proposed method, the real-time SOC of DB will be tracking on the balancing SOC determined in VPP. During operation, the difference of SOC among DBs will be shrunk and finally the sha

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Pudjianto, D., C. Ramsay, and G. Strbac. "Microgrids and virtual power plants: Concepts to support the integration of distributed energy resources." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part A: Journal of Power and Energy 222, no. 7 (2008): 731–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1243/09576509jpe556.

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This article presents the concepts of the microgrid and the virtual power plant (VPP) as vehicles to facilitate cost-efficient integration of distributed energy resources (DERs) into the existing power system. These concepts were designed to enhance the system value and the controllability of DER and to provide frameworks for the development of interfaces among energy and ancillary service resources, system operators, and energy market participants. Through aggregation, DER access to energy markets is facilitated, and DER-based system support and ancillary services can be provided. By enabling

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Zhong, Weilin, Junru Chen, Muyang Liu, Mohammed Ahsan Adib Murad, and Federico Milano. "Coordinated Control of Virtual Power Plants to Improve Power System Short-Term Dynamics." Energies 14, no. 4 (2021): 1182. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en14041182.

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The paper proposes a coordinated frequency control strategy for Virtual Power Plant (VPPs), with the inclusion of Distributed Energy Resource (DERs), e.g., Solar Photo-Voltaic Generation (SPVG), Wind Generator (WG) as well as Energy Storage System (ESS). The objective is to improve the short-term dynamic response of the overall power system. The robustness of the proposed control is evaluated through a Monte Carlo analysis and a detailed modeling of stochastic disturbances of loads, wind speed, and solar irradiance. The impact of communication delays of a variety of realistic communication net

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Behi, Behnaz, Ali Arefi, Philip Jennings, Arian Gorjy, and Almantas Pivrikas. "Advanced Monitoring and Control System for Virtual Power Plants for Enabling Customer Engagement and Market Participation." Energies 14, no. 4 (2021): 1113. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en14041113.

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To integrate large-scale renewable energy into energy systems, an effective participation from private investors and active customer engagement are essential. Virtual power plants (VPPs) are a very promising approach. To realize this engagement, an efficient monitoring and control system needs to be implemented for the VPP to be flexible, scalable, secure, and cost-effective. In this paper, a realistic VPP in Western Australia is studied, comprising 67 dwellings, including a 810 kW rooftop solar photovoltaic (PV) system, a 700 kWh vanadium redox flow battery (VRFB), a heat pump hot water syste

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Naval, Natalia, and Jose M. Yusta. "Water-Energy Management for Demand Charges and Energy Cost Optimization of a Pumping Stations System under a Renewable Virtual Power Plant Model." Energies 13, no. 11 (2020): 2900. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en13112900.

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The effects of climate change seriously affect agriculture at different latitudes of the planet because periods of drought are intensifying and the availability of water for agricultural irrigation is reducing. In addition, the energy cost associated with pumping water has increased notably in recent years due to, among other reasons, the maximum demand charges that are applied annually according to the contracted demand in each facility. Therefore, very efficient management of both water resources and energy resources is required. This article proposes the integration of water-energy manageme

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Ju, Liwei, Peng Li, Qinliang Tan, Zhongfu Tan, and GejiriFu De. "A CVaR-Robust Risk Aversion Scheduling Model for Virtual Power Plants Connected with Wind-Photovoltaic-Hydropower-Energy Storage Systems, Conventional Gas Turbines and Incentive-Based Demand Responses." Energies 11, no. 11 (2018): 2903. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en11112903.

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To make full use of distributed energy resources to meet load demand, this study aggregated wind power plants (WPPs), photovoltaic power generation (PV), small hydropower stations (SHSs), energy storage systems (ESSs), conventional gas turbines (CGTs) and incentive-based demand responses (IBDRs) into a virtual power plant (VPP) with price-based demand response (PBDR). Firstly, a basic scheduling model for the VPP was proposed in this study with the objective of the maximum operation revenue. Secondly, a risk aversion model for the VPP was constructed based on the conditional value at risk (CVa

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Zhang, Ming, Mingxing Guo, Bingqing Bai, et al. "Research on the designation of business model and bi-level optimization scheduling strategy of a VPP in energy market." E3S Web of Conferences 256 (2021): 02010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202125602010.

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With the rapid development of distributed energy resource, a more powerful market operation and energy management system is in great demand for a more precise scheduling strategy. And owing to the advantages in communication and control, virtual power plant (VPP) can provide solutions to these problems. In this paper, the business orientation and service plan are discussed first. Then the mathematical model of the settled market is established to figure out the scheduling strategy of participating in energy market. And a bi-level optimization model is built, with the upper level of maximizing

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Raab, Andreas, Enrico Lauth, Kai Strunz, and Dietmar Göhlich. "Implementation Schemes for Electric Bus Fleets at Depots with Optimized Energy Procurements in Virtual Power Plant Operations." World Electric Vehicle Journal 10, no. 1 (2019): 5. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/wevj10010005.

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For the purpose of utilizing electric bus fleets in metropolitan areas and with regard to providing active energy management at depots, a profound understanding of the transactions between the market entities involved in the charging process is given. The paper examines sophisticated charging strategies with energy procurements in joint market operation. Here, operation procedures and characteristics of a depot including the physical layout and utilization of appropriate charging infrastructure are investigated. A comprehensive model framework for a virtual power plant (VPP) is formulated and

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Nadeem, Furquan, Mohd Asim Aftab, S. M. Suhail Hussain, et al. "Virtual Power Plant Management in Smart Grids with XMPP Based IEC 61850 Communication." Energies 12, no. 12 (2019): 2398. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en12122398.

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Communication plays a key role in the effective management of virtual power plants (VPPs). For effective and stable operation of VPPs, a reliable, secure, and standardized communication infrastructure is required. In the literature, efforts were made to develop this based on industry standards, such as the IEC 60870-5-104, OpenADR 2.0b and IEC 61850. Due to its global acceptance and strong object-oriented information models, IEC 61850 standard-based communication is preferred for smart grid operations, including VPPs. However, communication models based on IEC 61850 present cybersecurity and s

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