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Journal articles on the topic 'Virtual power player (VPP)'

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Published: 3 June 2025

Last updated: 31 July 2025

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1

Petcharaks, Nit, Keerati Chayakulkeeree, Supattana Nirukkanaporn, and Patch Nantivatana. "Energy Storage System Owner as a New Player in an Electricity Structure." Journal of Current Science and Technology 13, no. 3 (2023): 657–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.59796/jcst.v13n3.2023.1143.

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Daily load demand causes different marginal cost at each hour due to different operation generation units. During peak load period, expensive generation units are determined to be turned on to provide sufficient electricity supply and sufficient spinning reserve. During light load period, generation units could not be unloaded due to their minimum up/down time, startup time and startup cost, causing uneconomic operation of the generating capacities. This excess capacity during light load period can be stored in the energy storage system (ESS) and the power can be released to supply the peak lo

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Faria, Pedro, João Spínola, and Zita Vale. "Distributed Energy Resources Scheduling and Aggregation in the Context of Demand Response Programs." Energies 11, no. 8 (2018): 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en11081987.

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Distributed energy resources can contribute to an improved operation of power systems, improving economic and technical efficiency. However, aggregation of resources is needed to make these resources profitable. The present paper proposes a methodology for distributed resources management by a Virtual Power Player (VPP), addressing the resources scheduling, aggregation and remuneration based on the aggregation made. The aggregation is made using K-means algorithm. The innovative aspect motivating the present paper relies on the remuneration definition considering multiple scenarios of operatio

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Bianchi, Stefano, Allegra De Filippo, Sandro Magnani, Gabriele Mosaico, and Federico Silvestro. "VIRTUS Project: A Scalable Aggregation Platform for the Intelligent Virtual Management of Distributed Energy Resources." Energies 14, no. 12 (2021): 3663. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en14123663.

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The VIRTUS project aims to create a Virtual Power Plant (VPP) prototype coordinating the Distributed Energy Resources (DERs) of the power system and providing services to the system operators and the various players of the electricity markets, with a particular focus on the industrial sector agents. The VPP will be able to manage a significant number of DERs and simulate realistic plants, components, and market data to study different operating conditions and the future impact of the policy changes of the Balancing Markets (BM). This paper describes the project’s aim, the general structure of

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Gao, Yajing, Xiaojie Zhou, Jiafeng Ren, Xiuna Wang, and Dongwei Li. "Double Layer Dynamic Game Bidding Mechanism Based on Multi-Agent Technology for Virtual Power Plant and Internal Distributed Energy Resource." Energies 11, no. 11 (2018): 3072. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en11113072.

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As renewable energies become the main direction of global energy development in the future, Virtual Power Plant (VPP) becomes a regional multi-energy aggregation model for large-scale integration of distributed generation into the power grid. It also provides an important way for distributed energy resources (DER) to participate in electricity market transactions. Firstly, the basic concept of VPP is outlined, and various uncertainties within VPP are modeled. Secondly, using multi-agent technology and Stackelberg dynamic game theory, a double-layer nested dynamic game bidding model including V

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Silva, Cátia, Pedro Faria, and Zita Vale. "Multi-Period Observation Clustering for Tariff Definition in a Weekly Basis Remuneration of Demand Response." Energies 12, no. 7 (2019): 1248. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en12071248.

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Distributed energy resources can improve the operation of power systems, improving economic and technical efficiency. Aggregation of small size resources, which exist in large number but with low individual capacity, is needed to make these resources’ use more efficient. In the present paper, a methodology for distributed resources management by an aggregator is proposed, which includes the resources scheduling, aggregation and remuneration. The aggregation, made using a k-means algorithm, is applied to different approaches concerning the definition of tariffs for the period of a week. Differe

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Cátia, Silva, Faria Pedro, and Vale Zita. "Multi-Period Observation Clustering for Tariff Definition in a Weekly Basis Remuneration of Demand Response." Energies 12, no. 7 (2019): 1248. https://doi.org/10.3390/en12071248.

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Distributed energy resources can improve the operation of power systems, improving economic and technical efficiency. Aggregation of small size resources, which exist in large number but with low individual capacity, is needed to make these resources’ use more efficient. In the present paper, a methodology for distributed resources management by an aggregator is proposed, which includes the resources scheduling, aggregation and remuneration. The aggregation, made using a k-means algorithm, is applied to different approaches concerning the definition of tariffs for the period of a week. D

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Le Goff Latimier, R., B. Multon, and H. Ben Ahmed. "Impact of the management strategy on the sizing of a collaborative system." COMPEL: The International Journal for Computation and Mathematics in Electrical and Electronic Engineering 34, no. 6 (2015): 1807–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/compel-11-2014-0323.

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Purpose – To foster the grid integration of both electric vehicles (EV) and renewable generators, the purpose of this paper is to investigate the possible synergies between these players so as to jointly improve the production predictability while ensuring a green mobility. It is here achieved by the mean of a grid commitment over the overall power produced by a collaborative system which here gathers a photovoltaic (PV) plant with an EV fleet. The scope of the present contribution is to investigate the conditions to make the most of such an association, mainly regarding to the management stra

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Gao, Yan, Long Gao, Pei Zhang, and Qiang Wang. "Two-Stage Optimization Scheduling of Virtual Power Plants Considering a User-Virtual Power Plant-Equipment Alliance Game." Sustainability 15, no. 18 (2023): 13960. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su151813960.

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Distributed renewable energy, loads, and power sources can be aggregated into virtual power plants (VPPs) to participate in energy market transactions and generate additional revenue. In order to better coordinate the transaction relationships among various entities within VPPs, this paper proposes a two-stage optimization model for VPPs that considers the user-VPP-equipment alliance. Firstly, starting from the basic structure of VPP, it is proposed to divide the alliances in VPP into two alliances: demand-side user-VPP and supply-side equipment-VPP. And a VPP optimization framework considerin

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Joao, Soares, Borges Nuno, Vale Zita, and de Moura Oliveira P.B. "Enhanced Multi-Objective Energy Optimization by a Signaling Method." Energies 9, no. 10 (2016): 1–23. https://doi.org/10.3390/en9100807.

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In this paper three metaheuristics are used to solve a smart grid multi-objective energy management problem with conflictive design: how to maximize profits and minimize carbon dioxide (CO<sub>2</sub>) emissions, and the results compared. The metaheuristics implemented are: weighted particle swarm optimization (W-PSO), multi-objective particle swarm optimization (MOPSO) and non-dominated sorting genetic algorithm II (NSGA-II). The performance of these methods with the use of multi-dimensional signaling is also compared with this technique, which has previously been shown to boost metaheuristic

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Chang, Ya Chin, Sung Ling Chen, Rung Fang Chang, and Chan Nan Lu. "Optimal Virtual Power Plant Dispatching Approach." Applied Mechanics and Materials 590 (June 2014): 511–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.590.511.

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As the integrator of energy resources (DERs), a virtual power plant (VPP) would be able to control the amount of the power access to the distribution transformers such that energy efficiency can be improved. Battery energy storage system (BESS) and demand response (DR) as DERs can entrust the VPP with certain controllability to regulate the power supply of the distribution system. This paper aims to maximize the benefit of the supplied powers over the 24 hours under VPP operation. Combining an iterative dynamic programming optimal BESS schedule approach and a PSO-based DR scheme optimization a

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Sun, Zhong Wei. "Communication System Architecture for Hierarchical Virtual Power Plant Control." Applied Mechanics and Materials 631-632 (September 2014): 878–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.631-632.878.

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Virtual Power Plant (VPP) is recognized as essential for the successful implementation of smart grids, and information communication technology is enabling technology for VPP implementation. However, finding the most appropriate technology that can satisfy their future communication needs is still an unsolving issue for VPP. Focusing on the hierarchial VPP control model, and utilizing Ethernet Passive Optical Network (EPON) network technology, this paper has presented an EPON-based communication architecture for virtual power plant.

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Li, Tian Ran, Yun Hu Luo, and Lin Sun. "Risk Management of Virtual Power Plant Reserve Allocation." Applied Mechanics and Materials 448-453 (October 2013): 2695–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.448-453.2695.

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Virtual Power Plant (VPP) is a new entity in power systems that manages a set of various distributed energy resources (DERs). One of the functions of VPP is to determine the allocation of reserve to solve the problem of renewable generation uncertainty. In this paper, the reserve resources of VPP are classified into non-renewable distributed generation (NRDG), energy storage device (ESD), interruptible load (IL) and reserve bought from the market (RBFM). Their complementary properties should be utilized to improve the economy of reserve allocation. An optimal coordination model for risk manage

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Su, Da Wei, Ji Nian Pang, and Hao Jiang. "Review on Functions and Control Technologies of Virtual Power Plant." Applied Mechanics and Materials 644-650 (September 2014): 3767–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.644-650.3767.

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The basic design concept and the necessities of virtual power plant (VPP) are introduced after analyzing the future conditions of global energy demand. According to the differences in functions, VPP is divided into two roles, the commercial virtual power plant and the technical virtual power plant. After comparing their characteristics, related connections between them are proposed. Power quality control technologies and auxiliary services provided by VPP are discussed in detail based on current domestic and international research situation. Finally three scheduling control modes, the centrali

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Liu, Xinxing, and Ciwei Gao. "Review and Prospects of Artificial Intelligence Technology in Virtual Power Plants." Energies 18, no. 13 (2025): 3325. https://doi.org/10.3390/en18133325.

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With the rapid development of global renewable energy, the virtual power plant (VPP), as an emerging power management model, has attracted increasing attention. Traditional manual management is difficult to effectively deal with because of the complexity and uncertainty of the VPP. The application of artificial intelligence (AI) technology provides new solutions for the VPP to cope with these problems. This review presents the research of AI technology in the VPP. Firstly, the basic concepts and theoretical framework of the VPP are presented. Then, the application of AI technology in VPP funct

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Geng, Shiping, Caixia Tan, Dongxiao Niu, and Xiaopeng Guo. "Optimal Allocation Model of Virtual Power Plant Capacity considering Electric Vehicles." Mathematical Problems in Engineering 2021 (June 12, 2021): 1–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/5552323.

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To push forward the development of electric vehicles while improving the economy and environment of virtual power plants (VPPs), research on the optimization of VPP capacity considering electric vehicles is carried out. In this paper, based on this, this paper first analyzes the framework of the VPP with electric vehicles and models each unit of the VPP. Secondly, the typical scenarios of wind power, photovoltaic, electric vehicle charging and discharging, and load are formed by the Monte Carlo method to reduce the output deviation of each unit. Then, taking the maximization of the net income

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Shokouhinejad, Hossein, and Eduardo Castillo Guerra. "Self-Scheduling Virtual Power Plant for Peak Management." Energies 17, no. 11 (2024): 2705. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en17112705.

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An efficient and reliable management system for a cluster of distributed energy resources (DERs) is essential for the sustainable and cost-effective peak management (PM) operation of the power grid. The virtual power plant (VPP) provides an efficient way to manage a variety of DERs for the PM process. This paper proposes a VPP framework for PM of local distribution companies by optimizing the self-scheduling of available resources, considering uncertainties and constraints. The study examines two separate scenarios and introduces novel algorithms for determining threshold values in each scenar

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Cao, Boyuan, Shuang Wang, Yang Du, Zhongguang Yang, and Lingyu Guo. "Power and voltage stability analysis of electric vehicle distribution network considering virtual power plants." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2835, no. 1 (2024): 012054. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2835/1/012054.

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Abstract Electric vehicles (EVs) are receiving increasing attention because of the development of renewable energy. Operators are promoting the use of EVs as virtual power plants (VPP) to improve the reliability of existing power grids. However, the integration of EVs will have a significant impact on the stability of the distribution network. In view of this, a dispatching cost model for EVs is proposed based on active power and reactive power, which is aggregated into a comprehensive cost model for VPP. In addition, corresponding hierarchical control strategies and dispatching optimization m

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Candra, Dodiek, Kilian Hartmann, and Michael Nelles. "Economic Optimal Implementation of Virtual Power Plants in the German Power Market." Energies 11, no. 9 (2018): 2365. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en11092365.

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The burden of excess energy from the high renewable energy sources (RES) share creates a significant reduction of residual load for the future, resulting in reduced market prices. The higher the share of stochastic RES, the more often the price will be 0 €/MWh. The power market needs new methods to solve these problems. The development of virtual power plants (VPPs) is aimed at solving techno-economic problems with an increasing share of RES in the power market. This study analyses a possible implementation of stochastic and deterministic RES in a VPP to generate secured power, which can be im

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Podder, Amit Kumer, Sayemul Islam, Nallapaneni Manoj Kumar, et al. "Systematic Categorization of Optimization Strategies for Virtual Power Plants." Energies 13, no. 23 (2020): 6251. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en13236251.

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Due to the rapid growth in power consumption of domestic and industrial appliances, distributed energy generation units face difficulties in supplying power efficiently. The integration of distributed energy resources (DERs) and energy storage systems (ESSs) provides a solution to these problems using appropriate management schemes to achieve optimal operation. Furthermore, to lessen the uncertainties of distributed energy management systems, a decentralized energy management system named virtual power plant (VPP) plays a significant role. This paper presents a comprehensive review of 65 exist

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Sun, Weibin, Sanming Liu, Hao Dong, and Qifan Huang. "Electric power dispatching of virtual power plant with electric vehicle." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2409, no. 1 (2022): 012019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2409/1/012019.

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Abstract Because electric vehicles have many advantages such as low carbon, environmental protection, and low cost compared with fuel vehicles, electric vehicles have developed rapidly in recent years, which will lead to large-scale impact load. In this paper, the electric vehicle is regarded as an energy storage device, a multi-energy VPP electric thermal scheduling model including electric vehicles is established, and a scheduling strategy for electric vehicles to participate in the power system scheduling is proposed. With the minimum cost of VPP and the minimum carbon dioxide emissions as

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Liu, Hong, Zhiwei Li, Pengde Liu, Qing Cheng, Yajuan Ji, and Jiping Qu. "Recent Advances on Distributed Dispatching and Control Algorithms in Virtual Power Plant." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2247, no. 1 (2022): 012031. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2247/1/012031.

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Abstract In recent years, the concept of Virtual Power Plant (VPP) is becoming more and more popular due to its capability of aggregating Distributed Energy Resources (DERs) and exploring its potential of providing flexibility to the existing power grid. Distributed algorithms have several potential advantages over centralized approaches, such as sharing limited amounts of information, performing parallel computations, and having strong robustness. In this context, this paper surveys the literature of distributed algorithms regarding VPP applications. Firstly, we established the VPP framework

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Gao, Yanghe, Jie Ji, Mingliang Liang, et al. "A Virtual Power Plant Operating Approach for Steelworks." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2351, no. 1 (2022): 012044. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2351/1/012044.

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The production process of steel can be divided into two processes: from ironstone to steel (long process) or from steel scrap to steel (short process). As for short process, through the automatic control system, the electric arc furnace (EAF) can be temporarily shut down to realize the load regulation, which helps to maintain power balance during the peak load period. In this paper, Virtual Power Plant (VPP) is considered to aggregate steelworks to participate in demand response project. By studying the production process of steelworks, we build an optimization model which maximizes the net re

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Zhang, Jiatong. "The Concept, Project and Current Status of Virtual Power Plant: A Review." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2152, no. 1 (2022): 012059. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2152/1/012059.

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Abstract Due to technological advancements in recent years, distributed energy resources (DER) applications have become more prevalent in households and businesses, including various renewable energy applications. While the virtual power plant (VPP) can integrate energy storage, flexible loads and DER, etc., it can support the power grid operating stability and security. Therefore, more and more researchers give their attention to VPP and advise on their optimization. This paper states the VPP concept from other researchers’ studies and provides a detailed explanation. Meanwhile, some typical

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Oh, Eunsung. "Risk-Based Virtual Power Plant Implementation Strategy for Smart Energy Communities." Applied Sciences 11, no. 17 (2021): 8248. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app11178248.

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This paper focuses on a virtual power plant (VPP) implementation strategy for smart local energy communities (SECs) with energy service providers. It is difficult to balance energy in the implementation stage due to uncertainties in demand and resources. Therefore, VPP implementation was modeled using the risk factor of energy balance. Using this risk factor, it was shown that the temporal correlation between demand and resources was the dominant factor involved in VPP implementation. Based on this, two risk-based VPP implementation strategies are proposed: an optimization-based strategy and a

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Wang, Dewen, Zhao Wang, and Xin Lian. "Research on Distributed Energy Consensus Mechanism Based on Blockchain in Virtual Power Plant." Sensors 22, no. 5 (2022): 1783. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s22051783.

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Virtual power plant (VPP) composed of a large number of distributed energy resources (DERs) has become a regional multienergy aggregation model to realize the large-scale integration of renewable energy generation into the grid. Due to the characteristics of centralized management, the existing energy operation mode is difficult to simply apply to distributed energy resources transactions. The decentralization, transparency, contract execution automation and traceability of blockchain technology provide a new solution to the aggregation of decentralized resources and the opacity of transaction

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Tan, Zhong-fu, Huan-huan Li, Li-wei Ju, and Qing-kun Tan. "Joint Scheduling Optimization of Virtual Power Plants and Equitable Profit Distribution Using Shapely Value Theory." Mathematical Problems in Engineering 2018 (2018): 1–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2018/3810492.

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The installation capacity of wind and solar photovoltaic power is continually increasing, which makes renewable energy grid connection and power generation an important link of China’s power structure optimization. A virtual power plant (VPP) is an important way to help distributed energy resource grid connection and promote renewable energy industry development. To study the economic scheduling problem of various distributed energy resources and the profit distribution problem of VPP alliance, this study builds a separate operation scheduling model for individual VPP and a joint operation sch

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Ramos, Lucas Feksa, Luciane Neves Canha, Josue Campos do Prado, and Leonardo Rodrigues Araujo Xavier de Menezes. "A Novel Virtual Power Plant Uncertainty Modeling Framework Using Unscented Transform." Energies 15, no. 10 (2022): 3716. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en15103716.

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This paper proposes a new strategy for modeling predictability uncertainty in a stochastic context for decision making within a Virtual Power Plant (VPP). Modeling variable renewable energy generation is an essential step for effective VPP planning and operation. However, it is also a challenging task due to the uncertain nature of its sources. Therefore, developing tools to effectively predict these uncertainties is essential for the optimal participation of VPPs in the electricity market. The purpose of this paper is to present a novel method to model the uncertainties associated with energy

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Zeng, Rui, Gaofeng Yang, Duyang Xie, et al. "Multi-objective optimal planning of urban virtual power plant based on electrical distance." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2087, no. 1 (2021): 012069. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2087/1/012069.

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Abstract Currently, virtual power plants (VPP) in urban areas face problems such as over-dispersion of distributed power sources, insufficient source-load coordination. Traditional VPP planning method increases the difficulty in the operation and the dispatch of VPP. Therefore, this paper proposes a planning method for urban VPP that fully considers the coupling characteristics between the buses. From the distribution network to district to bus, a multi-objective bilevel optimization planning model for urban VPP is established. The upper-level planning model aims at minimizing the annual compr

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Duan, Jie, Xiaodan Wang, Yajing Gao, et al. "Multi-Objective Virtual Power Plant Construction Model Based on Decision Area Division." Applied Sciences 8, no. 9 (2018): 1484. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app8091484.

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Virtual power plant (VPP) is an effective technology form to aggregate the distributed energy resources (DERs), which include distributed generation (DG), energy storage (ES) and demand response (DR). The establishment of a unified and coordinated control of VPP is an important means to achieve the interconnection of energy internet. Therefore, this paper focuses on the research of VPP construction model. Firstly, a preliminary introduction on all kinds of the DERs is carried out. According to the relevant guidelines, the decision area of the VPP is carefully divided, and the decision variable

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Wang, Zeyi, Yao Wang, Li Xie, Dan Pang, Hao Shi, and Hua Zheng. "Load Frequency Control of Multiarea Power Systems with Virtual Power Plants." Energies 17, no. 15 (2024): 3687. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en17153687.

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Virtual power plants (VPPs) integrate diverse energy resources using advanced communication technologies and intelligent control strategies. This integration enhances the utilization and efficiency of distributed generation. This paper explores the incorporation of VPPs into load frequency control (LFC) systems. It includes an analysis of VPP-aggregated resources’ frequency regulation characteristics and a VPP-inclusive LFC model. Additionally, a decentralized automatic generation control strategy is proposed to distribute power outputs effectively, enabling swift grid frequency adjustments. T

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Jasiński, Michał, Tomasz Sikorski, Dominika Kaczorowska, et al. "A Case Study on Data Mining Application in a Virtual Power Plant: Cluster Analysis of Power Quality Measurements." Energies 14, no. 4 (2021): 974. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en14040974.

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One of the recent trends that concern renewable energy sources and energy storage systems is the concept of virtual power plants (VPP). The majority of research now focuses on analyzing case studies of VPP in different issues. This article presents the investigation that is based on a real VPP. That VPP operates in Poland and consists of hydropower plants (HPP), as well as energy storage systems (ESS). For specific analysis, cluster analysis, as a representative technique of data mining, was selected for power quality (PQ) issues. The used data represents 26 weeks of PQ multipoint synchronic m

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Setiawan, Agus, Fauzan Hanif Jufri, Fatih Dzulfiqar, et al. "Opportunity Assessment of Virtual Power Plant Implementation for Sustainable Renewable Energy Development in Indonesia Power System Network." Sustainability 16, no. 5 (2024): 1721. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su16051721.

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Renewable energy sources have become one of the important roles for sustainable energy development. One of the promising mechanisms to deploy renewable energy is through a Virtual Power Plant (VPP), which can integrate various distributed renewable energy resources into a single controllable and deployable entity. This paper examines the opportunity for VPP adoption in Indonesia, which investigates the minimum implementation criteria, provides a gap analysis for VPP implementation, and proposes recommendations for VPP implementation in Indonesia. The implementation criteria are obtained from t

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Oladimeji, Oluwaseun, Álvaro Ortega, Lukas Sigrist, Luis Rouco, Pedro Sánchez-Martín, and Enrique Lobato. "Optimal Participation of Heterogeneous, RES-Based Virtual Power Plants in Energy Markets." Energies 15, no. 9 (2022): 3207. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en15093207.

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In this work, the optimal participation of heterogeneous, Renewable Energy Source (RES)-based Virtual Power Plant (VPP) in Day-Ahead Market (DAM) and Intra-Day Market (IDM) is studied. For this purpose, a detailed model of the RES-based VPP and of the market operation is needed. The VPP includes both dispatchable and non-dispatchable RESs and flexible demand assets. This paper presents an improved, linear solar thermal plant model to consider its non-linear efficiency curve. A novel demand model with two flexibility levels that are associated with the different market sessions is also proposed

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Fu, Jingyu, Tao Zhou, Xueting Zhao, et al. "Practice and Enlightenment of Australian Virtual Power Plant Participating in Market Operation." E3S Web of Conferences 466 (2023): 01009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202346601009.

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Under the new power system, the proportion of new energy and new entities continues to grow, new business users are diversified, and the power supply and demand sides exhibit a "double randomness" characteristic. Faced with such challenges, VPP (Virtual Power Plant), as source network load storage integrators that aggregate multiple distributed resources, provide the possibility for the supply-demand balance of the power system. At present, there is no mature operation mode for VPP in China, and they still rely mainly on aggregating load side resources for demand response. This article analyse

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Lei, Cheng, Mingshan Mo, Yu Liang, Jinfeng Nie, and Suhua Lou. "Virtual power plant optimal operation considering renewable energy uncertainty." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2588, no. 1 (2023): 012008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2588/1/012008.

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Abstract An optimal operation model for a virtual power plant (VPP) is developed to promote the decarbonization of electricity as well as to enable the efficient grid integration of distributed power sources and electric vehicles. The model considers the uncertainty of renewable energy and the environmental punishment of gas turbines to achieve coordinated optimization of distributed resources within the VPP. The case demonstrates the utility of the model.

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Pan, Weiwei, Kan Yang, Yunlei Zhang, et al. "Optimal dispatch of a thermal-electric virtual power plant considering heat storage tanks." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 983, no. 1 (2022): 012026. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/983/1/012026.

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Abstract Characteristic of thermoelectric coupling of Combined heat and power (CHP) units reduces the flexibility of power generation and heat generation in the “Three-North” region of China. Meanwhile, the uncertainty of renewable energy generation (REG) and demand side management (DSM) pose challenges to the optimal operation of the whole system, leading to difficulty in improving the economic benefits of the whole system. In order to mitigate the above problems, wind generators, solar generators, CHP units, conventional generating units, interruptible loads, battery energy storage systems (

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Li, Sheng, and Yujie Huang. "Energy Sharing of Multiple Virtual Power Plants Based on a Peer Aggregation Model." Journal of Electrical and Computer Engineering 2023 (December 23, 2023): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2023/9130209.

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With the increasing number of virtual power plants (VPP) participating in market transactions, the joint operation and energy sharing mode of multiple virtual power plants (multi-VPP) has attracted attention. A peer aggregation model for the multi-VPP energy sharing is proposed based on sharing price. At the VPP autonomous optimization level, each VPP operator formulates an autonomous optimization strategy based on the price incentives and the internal resource parameters and adopts a robust optimization method to improve the strategy’s robustness. At the overall level, a sharing level index i

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Tong, Yongjie, Zhen Meng, Peng Qiu, et al. "The carbon trading operation optimization for virtual power plants of industrial parks considering wind power." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2474, no. 1 (2023): 012032. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2474/1/012032.

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Abstract Virtual power plants can participate in power market transactions by combining wind and solar power generation and energy storage technologies, They participate in energy market transactions for aggregating distributed energy and user-side resources, Meanwhile, the carbon trading market is an effective tool to control the greenhouse effect, As a market subject with unlimited potential, VPP of industrial park plays its environmental benefits by participating in the carbon trading market, It is able to promote the growth of VPP benefits and reduce carbon emissions, Firstly, this paper i

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Liu, Chuan, Jing Tao, Ying Liu, Xiangqun Wang, and Wei Peng. "Data-Driven Network Latency Processing for Auxiliary Services in Virtual Power Plant." Electronics 12, no. 20 (2023): 4276. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/electronics12204276.

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Nowadays, with the increasingly prominent contradiction between environment and development, renewable energy technology has received extensive attention. However, due to natural fluctuation, there are many challenges in safety and stationarity in an electric power system with a large-scale portion of renewable energy. Meanwhile, the conventional electric power system in which the power supply follows the load change paradigm is gradually broken. Thanks to advanced information and communication technology, energy storage technology, and automatic control technology, the power supply, grid, loa

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Zhang, Zhen, Yan Zhao, Wen Bo, Donglai Wang, Dong Zhang, and Jiaqi Shi. "Optimal Scheduling of Virtual Power Plant Considering Revenue Risk with High-Proportion Renewable Energy Penetration." Electronics 12, no. 21 (2023): 4387. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/electronics12214387.

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Distributed power supplies have gradually become a new trend in power supply development, but access to a large number of distributed energy sources has a certain impact on the stable operation of the power grid. A virtual power plant (VPP) can integrate a variety of distributed power sources for coordination and optimization; thus, it can effectively solve the difficulties faced by a distributed energy grid connection and promote the complementarity of energy sources. However, renewable energy often has a degree of volatility and randomness when distributed, which can bring certain risks to t

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Roozbehani, Mohammad Mohammadi, Ehsan Heydarian-Forushani, Saeed Hasanzadeh, and Seifeddine Ben Elghali. "Virtual Power Plant Operational Strategies: Models, Markets, Optimization, Challenges, and Opportunities." Sustainability 14, no. 19 (2022): 12486. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su141912486.

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High penetration of distributed generation and renewable energy sources in power systems has created control challenges in the network, which requires the coordinated management of these resources. Using virtual power plants (VPPs) on a large scale has solved these challenges to a significant extent. VPPs can be considered systems consisting of distributed generations, energy storage, controllable loads, electric vehicles (EVs), and other types of resources to provide energy and ancillary services. VPPs face various challenges such as energy management, operation, resource uncertainty, partici

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Zhang, Weishi, Chuan He, Haichao Wang, Hanhan Qian, Zhemin Lin, and Hui Qi. "Optimal Operation of Virtual Power Plants Based on Stackelberg Game Theory." Energies 17, no. 15 (2024): 3612. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en17153612.

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As the scale of units within virtual power plants (VPPs) continues to expand, establishing an effective operational game model for these internal units has become a pressing issue for enhancing management and operations. This paper integrates photovoltaic generation, wind power, energy storage, and constant-temperature responsive loads, and it also considers micro gas turbines as auxiliary units, collectively forming a typical VPP case study. An operational optimization model was developed for the VPP control center and the micro gas turbines, and the game relationship between them was analyze

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Jasiński, Michał. "Combined Correlation and Cluster Analysis for Long-Term Power Quality Data from Virtual Power Plant." Electronics 10, no. 6 (2021): 641. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/electronics10060641.

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Analysis of the connection between different units that operate in the same area assures always interesting results. During this investigation, the concerned area was a virtual power plant (VPP) that operates in Poland. The main distributed resources included in the VPP are a 1.25 MW hydropower plant and an associated 0.5 MW energy storage system. The mentioned VPP was a source of synchronic, long-term, multipoint power quality (PQ) data. Then, for five related measurement points, the conclusion about the relation in point of PQ was performed using correlation analysis, the global index approa

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Yan, Qingyou, Xingbei Ai, and Jinmeng Li. "Low-Carbon Economic Dispatch Based on a CCPP-P2G Virtual Power Plant Considering Carbon Trading and Green Certificates." Sustainability 13, no. 22 (2021): 12423. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su132212423.

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To improve the economic benefits of power systems in the process of achieving multi-energy complementation and decarbonization, this paper proposes a dispatching optimization model for virtual power plants (VPP) that considers carbon trading and green certificates. Firstly, the structure of the VPP system integrating wind and solar generators (WP and PV), power-to-gas (P2G), carbon capture power plants (CCPP) and price-based demand response (PBDR) is established. Secondly, the two-way interactive trading models among the VPP, carbon trading and green certification market are constructed. Then,

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Lin, Whei-Min, Chung-Yuen Yang, Zong-Yo Wu, and Ming-Tang Tsai. "Optimal Control of a Virtual Power Plant by Maximizing Conditional Value-at-Risk." Applied Sciences 11, no. 16 (2021): 7752. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app11167752.

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This research acquired data from the Central Weather Bureau Observation Data Inquiry System (CODIS) for historical weather information, such as observation time, temperature, humidity, wind speed, global radiation, etc., and constructed a historical weather database by using Excel software. Least square support vector machine (LSSVM) was used to forecast wind speed and solar radiation; then, the power output of wind and solar was derived. Considering factors of the demand response and the load and electricity pricing, a maximized risk income model of the virtual power plant (VPP) is establishe

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Kesavan, T., E. Kaliappan, C. R. Raghavendran, and K. Prabaakaran. "Proportional Resonant Controller-Based Virtual Powerplant with improved Dynamic Response in Distribution Network." Journal of Scientific Research 17, no. 1 (2025): 31–41. https://doi.org/10.3329/jsr.v17i1.72084.

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The concept of Virtual Power Plant (VPP) emerges as a pivotal advancement in power systems engineering, aiming to enhance the integration of renewable energy sources into the power market. This research delves into the challenges faced by Distributed Energy Resources (DERs), such as power losses, voltage variations, and revenue losses in the distribution network, hindering the effective participation of small-scale renewable energy sources in the power market. Furthermore, the research addresses the challenge of poor dynamic response in VPPs attributed to dynamic loads and DER characteristics.

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Moreno, Guillermo, Carlos Santos, Pedro Martín, Francisco Javier Rodríguez, Rafael Peña, and Branislav Vuksanovic. "Intra-Day Solar Power Forecasting Strategy for Managing Virtual Power Plants." Sensors 21, no. 16 (2021): 5648. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s21165648.

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Solar energy penetration has been on the rise worldwide during the past decade, attracting a growing interest in solar power forecasting over short time horizons. The increasing integration of these resources without accurate power forecasts hinders the grid operation and discourages the use of this renewable resource. To overcome this problem, Virtual Power Plants (VPPs) provide a solution to centralize the management of several installations to minimize the forecasting error. This paper introduces a method to efficiently produce intra-day accurate Photovoltaic (PV) power forecasts at differe

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Yang, Zhongguang, Weipeng Liang, and Yang Du. "Evaluation method of comprehensive contribution index of virtual power plant based on improved fuzzy analytic hierarchy process." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2823, no. 1 (2024): 012060. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2823/1/012060.

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Abstract A comprehensive assessment of the comprehensiveness of the internal resources of the virtual power plant (VPP) can fully tap the potential of the internal resources of the VPP and stimulate the internal aggregation of resources of the VPP, which is of positive significance to improve the safety of the power grid. This paper researches this. First, it analyzes the evaluation indicators of the comprehensive contribution of VPP, establishes a scientific and accurate index evaluation system, and evaluates the contribution of VPP from the three aspects of reliability, economy, and safety.

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Kesavan, T., and K. Lakshmi. "Optimization of a Renewable Energy Source-Based Virtual Power Plant for Electrical Energy Management in an Unbalanced Distribution Network." Sustainability 14, no. 18 (2022): 11129. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su141811129.

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The virtual power plant (VPP) is a developing concept in the modern engineering field. This paper presents a local search optimization (LSO) algorithm-based virtual power plant for energy management in a distribution network. The proposed LSO algorithm is used for the optimal selection and location of the distributed energy resources (DER), the optimal regulation of load, and the optimal usage of energy storage systems in a VPP. DERs are a renewable energy sources (RES) that consist of solar PV and a wind energy source. DERs face the challenge of energy losses, voltage variations, and revenue

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Nguyen Duc, Huy, and Nhung Nguyen Hong. "Optimal Reserve and Energy Scheduling for a Virtual Power Plant Considering Reserve Activation Probability." Applied Sciences 11, no. 20 (2021): 9717. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app11209717.

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With the increasing share of variable and limitedly predictable renewable energy in power systems worldwide, ensuring reserve capacity to maintain the balance of supply and demand becomes more important. On the other hand, the development of the virtual power plant model (VPP) allows renewable sources and energy storage to participate in reserve service. This paper addresses the optimal reserve bidding strategy problem of a VPP comprising of renewable energy resources (RESs), energy storage systems (ESSs), and several customers. The VPP participates in balance capacity (BC), day-ahead (DA), an

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