Journal articles: 'Virtual Square'

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Yonghe, Deng. "Improved Total Least Square Algorithm." Open Civil Engineering Journal 9, no. 1 (June 26, 2015): 394–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1874149501509010394.

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Aim to blemish of total least square algorithm based on error equation of virtual observation,this paper proposed a sort of improved algorithm which doesn’t neglect condition equation of virtual observation,and considers both error equation and condition equation of virtual observation.So,the improved algorithm is better.Finally,this paper has fitted a straight line in three-dimensional space based on the improved algorithm.The result showed that the improved algorithm is viable and valid.

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Economou, A., S. D. Bolis, C. E. Efstathiou, and G. J. Volikakis. "A “virtual” electroanalytical instrument for square wave voltammetry." Analytica Chimica Acta 467, no. 1-2 (September 2002): 179–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0003-2670(02)00191-5.

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Davoli, Renzo, and Michael Goldweber. "Virtual square ( V 2 ) in computer science education." ACM SIGCSE Bulletin 37, no. 3 (September 2005): 301–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/1151954.1067528.

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Kim, Seungnam, Jaecheol Kim, and Beakchan Kim. "Immersive Virtual Reality-Aided Conjoint Analysis of Urban Square Preference by Living Environment." Sustainability 12, no. 16 (August 10, 2020): 6440. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su12166440.

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Though several studies have explored the ways in which people perceive the qualities of urban squares, the influence of living environments on such perceptions has received little attention. To fill this gap, this study examined differences in preferences for urban square design elements, particularly, the ratio of the width of a public space to the height of the surrounding buildings (D/H ratio), square size, and façade details, among people with different living environments. Virtual reality simulation techniques were used in controlled experiments with 100 participants of various nationalities, mostly Koreans, and conjoint analysis was applied to determine what combination of design elements most influenced urban square preferences. Participants experienced eight virtual squares designed with different combinations of the three design elements and assessed them based on five indicators of the quality of urban squares. Among the three design elements, the D/H ratio most significantly influenced the perceptions of quality, regardless of participants’ living environments. We conclude that the level of experience in various urban environments may affect people’s familiarity with these environments and their spatial perception and preferences. We thus suggest that socio-cultural differences related to users’ living environments should receive more attention in urban design practice. We also demonstrate that the emerging combination of immersive virtual reality technology and conjoint analysis can function as a useful tool for urban design research.

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Yang, Dong-Sheng, and Qiang Xu. "Virtual boundary meshless least square integral method with moving least squares approximation for 2D elastic problem." Engineering Analysis with Boundary Elements 37, no. 3 (March 2013): 616–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.enganabound.2013.01.006.

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Sun, Liang, Le Feng, Yiyun Zhang, Xiang Ji, Han Wong, and Zhibin Wei. "Research on Correlation Between Underground Squares’ Interface Morphology and Spatial Experience Based on Virtual Reality." International Journal of Pattern Recognition and Artificial Intelligence 34, no. 03 (July 24, 2019): 2050004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218001420500044.

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Underground square, as a recreation and activity place for citizens, represents the underground space quality of a city, so its spatial experience is of great significance. This research discussed the influence and effects of underground squares’ interface morphology on spatial experience. By field research of ten large-scale urban underground spaces, the basic elements and related numerical interval of underground squares’ interface morphology were summarized, and on basis of this, underground square virtual models with different interface morphology were built. Based on the platform of immersive virtual reality system (IVRS), combing the isovist method and the SD method, this paper made a quantitative analysis on the relevance between interface morphology and spatial experience, and the relevant compliance indicators of interface morphology were summarized. The experimental results show that the spatial experience is good at the interface density of 0.402 and interface opening’s aspect ratio of 2–3. This can provide reference and foundation for urban underground spatial design in future.

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Xinwang Gui, Xinwang Gui, Michael Anthony Galle Michael Anthony Galle, Li Qian Li Qian, Weilong Liang Weilong Liang, Ciming Zhou Ciming Zhou, Yiwen Ou Yiwen Ou, and Dian Fan Dian Fan. "Demodulation method combining virtual reference interferometry and minimum mean square error for fiber-optic Fabry–Perot sensors." Chinese Optics Letters 16, no. 1 (2018): 010606. http://dx.doi.org/10.3788/col201816.010606.

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Yoga, I. Putu Harta, and Gst Ayu Vida Mastrika Giri, S.Kom., M.Cs. "Virtual Hybrid Synthesizer Application." JELIKU (Jurnal Elektronik Ilmu Komputer Udayana) 8, no. 3 (January 27, 2020): 357. http://dx.doi.org/10.24843/jlk.2020.v08.i03.p19.

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Hybrid synthesizers can be syntheses with digital or analog signals on a hardware device. In this article hybrid means make a virtual digital synthesis which combines several synthesis methods. The method used is the synthesis method of additive, substractive, and amplitude modulation (AM). Where the initial signal is an oscillator by making waves with the form Sinusoide Wave, Square Wave and Saw Tooth Wave. This virtual synthesis produces sound that has the same fundamental frequency as the fundamental frequency of notes. Keywords: Hibrid Synthesizer, Additive, Substractive, Amplitude Modulation

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Khademian, Behzad, Jacob Apkarian, and Keyvan Hashtrudi-Zaad. "Assessment of Environmental Effects on Collaborative Haptic Guidance." Presence: Teleoperators and Virtual Environments 20, no. 3 (June 1, 2011): 191–206. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/pres_a_00044.

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This paper investigates the effect of environmental factors on user performance in a dual-user haptic guidance system. The system under study allows for interaction between both users, the trainee and the trainer, to collaboratively perform a common task in a shared virtual environment. User studies are carried out to experimentally evaluate the users' performance while following square and circular trajectories with two viewpoints of the environment (top view and front view), while the virtual manipulator tool moves in free motion or against forbidden-region virtual fixtures. The performance is measured and statistically evaluated against task completion time, tracking accuracy, and user energy exchange. The studies revealed that changing the environment geometry from a square to a circle results in reduced task completion time and tracking error. Changing the environment viewpoint from top to front decreases the task completion time in both geometries. Forbidden-region virtual fixtures increase energy exchange by both users and decrease task completion time while compromising the tracking performance in the square-following task. However, when visual feedback is removed in the presence of the fixtures, the square tracking performance improves. The results also indicate a strong relationship between user dominance and tracking error only when the experiment is time-limited.

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FUCHS, GUNTER. "HIERARCHIES OF (VIRTUAL) RESURRECTION AXIOMS." Journal of Symbolic Logic 83, no. 1 (March 2018): 283–325. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/jsl.2017.65.

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AbstractI analyze the hierarchies of the bounded resurrection axioms and their “virtual” versions, the virtual bounded resurrection axioms, for several classes of forcings (the emphasis being on the subcomplete forcings). I analyze these axioms in terms of implications and consistency strengths. For the virtual hierarchies, I provide level-by-level equiconsistencies with an appropriate hierarchy of virtual partially super-extendible cardinals. I show that the boldface resurrection axioms for subcomplete or countably closed forcing imply the failure of Todorčević’s square at the appropriate level. I also establish connections between these hierarchies and the hierarchies of bounded and weak bounded forcing axioms.

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Nor Azwadi, C. S., M. Y. Mohd Fairu, and S. Syahrullai. "Virtual Study of Natural Convection Heat Transfer in an Inclined Square Cavity." Journal of Applied Sciences 10, no. 4 (February 1, 2010): 331–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.3923/jas.2010.331.336.

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Yue, Xian, Yaliang Yang, Fei Xiao, Hao Dai, Chao Geng, and Yudong Zhang. "Optimization of Virtual Shack-Hartmann Wavefront Sensing." Sensors 21, no. 14 (July 9, 2021): 4698. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s21144698.

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Virtual Shack–Hartmann wavefront sensing (vSHWS) can flexibly adjust parameters to meet different requirements without changing the system, and it is a promising means for aberration measurement. However, how to optimize its parameters to achieve the best performance is rarely discussed. In this work, the data processing procedure and methods of vSHWS were demonstrated by using a set of normal human ocular aberrations as an example. The shapes (round and square) of a virtual lenslet, the zero-padding of the sub-aperture electric field, sub-aperture number, as well as the sequences (before and after diffraction calculation), algorithms, and interval of data interpolation, were analyzed to find the optimal configuration. The effect of the above optimizations on its anti-noise performance was also studied. The Zernike coefficient errors and the root mean square of the wavefront error between the reconstructed and preset wavefronts were used for performance evaluation. The performance of the optimized vSHWS could be significantly improved compared to that of a non-optimized one, which was also verified with 20 sets of clinical human ocular aberrations. This work makes the vSHWS’s implementation clearer, and the optimization methods and the obtained results are of great significance for its applications.

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Kuijken, Konrad. "Large surveys and the Virtual Observatory." Proceedings of the International Astronomical Union 2, no. 14 (August 2006): 580. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1743921307011787.

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Increasingly, large surveys of the sky in multiple wavelength bands are becoming an important part of how astronomy is being done. These surveys produce huge homogeneous datasets, and as such are prime material for dissemination and analysis through the VO. As an example, the KIDS survey (see Fig. 1), which will map 1500 square degrees of sky in ugriZYJHK using ESO's VST and VISTA telescopes, and which is expected to start in 2007, will generate some 15 TB of pixel data, as well as several TB of derived source parameters. More than 100 TB of raw data will have to be processed.

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Li, Heng, Lemiao Qiu, Shuyou Zhang, Jianrong Tan, Zili Wang, and Xiaojian Liu. "A surface modeling method for product virtual assembly based on the root mean square of the regional residuals." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part B: Journal of Engineering Manufacture 234, no. 1-2 (June 20, 2019): 229–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0954405419856764.

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The micro-topographic quality of a product’s surface directly affects the performance of the virtual assembly. The computational precision of the fractal dimension has a significant effect on the accuracy of the virtual assembly model. To address the imprecision and large deviation of the calculation method under some conditions, a virtual product assembly surface modeling method is proposed in this article based on the root mean square of the area residuals. First, the fractal dimension of the surface is calculated using the regional residual root mean square (3R method). The feasibility of the 3R method is verified by comparing with the existing methods on isotropic and anisotropic surfaces. Second, the fractal dimension of a real part surface is obtained using the 3R method. According to the Weierstrass–Mandelbrot function, a partial surface model of the machined part is established. The surface contours, roughness, waviness, and flatness of the part are extracted by wavelet transform. Then, the digital surface model for virtual assembly with the same profile parameters is generated by reconstructing the surface contours of the actual parts. Finally, the method proposed by taking the virtual assembly of a VTM200/F5 turn-milling composite machining center guideway is verified in this article.

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Yonghe, Deng. "A Sort of New Improved Algorithm For Total Least Square." Open Construction and Building Technology Journal 9, no. 1 (September 15, 2015): 238–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1874836801509010238.

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Aim to blemish of total least square algorithm based on error equation of virtual observation, this paper put forward and deduced a sort of new improved algorithm which selects essential unknown parameters among designing matrix, and then, doesn’t consider condition equation of unknown parameters among designing matrix. So, this paper perfected and enriched algorithm, and sometimes, new method of this paper is better. Finally, the results of examples showed that new mothod is viable and valid.

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Jiang, Yan Tao, Si Tian Chen, and Cheng Hua Li. "Fast Multipole Virtual Boundary Element - Least Square Method for Solving 2-D Elastic Problems." Advanced Materials Research 204-210 (February 2011): 2196–201. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.204-210.2196.

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In this paper, the fast multipole virtual boundary element - least square method (Fast Multipole VBE - LSM) is proposed and used to simulate 2-D elastic problems, which is based on the fast multipole method (FMM) and virtual boundary element - least square method (VBE - LSM).The main idea of the method is to change computational model by applying the FMM to conventional VBE - LSM. The memory and operations could be reduced to be of linear proportion to the degree of freedom (DOF) and large scale problems could be effectively solved on a common desktop with this method. Numerical results show that this method holds virtues of high feasibility, accuracy and efficiency. Moreover, the idea of this method can be generalized and extended in application.

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Tsuji, Yosuke, Gregg Bennett, and James H. Leigh. "Investigating Factors Affecting Brand Awareness of Virtual Advertising." Journal of Sport Management 23, no. 4 (July 2009): 511–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/jsm.23.4.511.

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The purpose of this study was to investigate factors affecting brand awareness of virtual advertising in sports. Specifically, the study tested the effects of animation, repetition, baseball involvement, and team identification. An experiment using two Latin square designs was conducted to assess the effects of these factors on awareness levels. Results indicated no effect of animation, while effects of repetition, baseball involvement, and team identification were found to affect viewers’ cognitive responses. Managerial implications, limitations, and future research are discussed.

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Manousakis, Nikolaos M., Constantinos S. Psomopoulos, George Ch Ioannidis, and Stavros D. Kaminaris. "A Binary Integer Programming Method for Optimal Wind Turbines Allocation." Clean Technologies 3, no. 2 (June 1, 2021): 462–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cleantechnol3020027.

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The present study introduces a Binary Integer Programming (BIP) method to minimize the number of wind turbines needed to be installed in a wind farm. The locations of wind turbines are selected in a virtual grid which is constructed considering a minimum distance between the wind turbines to avoid the wake effect. Additional equality constraints are also included to the proposed formulation to prohibit or enforce the installation of wind turbines placement at specific locations of the wind farmland. Moreover, a microscopic wind turbine placement considering the local air density is studied. To verify the efficiency of this proposal, a square site was subdivided into 25 square cells providing a virtual grid with 36 candidate placement locations. Moreover, a virtual grid with 121 vertices related with a Greek island is also tested. All simulations conducted considering the area of geographical territory, the length of wind turbine blades, as well as the capacity of each turbine.

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Saidi, Imen, Nahla Touati, Ahmed Dhahri, and Dhaou Soudani. "A comparative study on existing and new methods to design internal model controllers for non-square systems." Transactions of the Institute of Measurement and Control 41, no. 13 (April 12, 2019): 3637–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0142331219834608.

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This paper focuses on a challenging problem in the internal model control (IMC) strategy: the model inversion to design the IMC controller for non-square systems. Several existing approaches for the synthesis of a specific inversion of the identified model will be presented in this paper to deal with the differences between the system’s inputs and outputs numbers. The non-square effective relative gain is firstly presented. It consists of the measurement of interactions between the loops of the system in order to square the system and make it invertible. The equivalent transfer function method is presented as well. It is based on tuning the pseudo-inverse of the process to design the internal model controller. These methods are then compared with a novel proposed model inversion approach based on virtual outputs method. Virtual adding is considered in order to obtain an invertible square transfer matrix to design the internal model controller. This simple yet effective method ensures robust control performance. Its efficiency and availability, as compared with other presented methods, is illustrated through simulations on an overactuated system with three inputs/two outputs.

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Walton, N. A., J. Drew, E. Gonzalez-Solares, and M. J. Irwin. "Virtual Observatory Access to the The IPHAS Data Releases." Proceedings of the International Astronomical Union 5, H15 (November 2009): 803. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1743921310011816.

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AbstractWe highlight the IPHAS Data Releases and how access to the primary data products has been implemented through use of standard virtual observatory (VO) publishing interfaces as provided by the Astro- Grid system. The IPHAS Early Data release (EDR), is a photometric catalogue of more than 200 million unique objects, coupled with associated image data covering more than 1000 square degrees in three colours. These data represent the largest data sets to date published solely through Virtual Observatory interfaces.

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Burch, Stuart. "A VIRTUAL OASIS: TRAFALGAR SQUARE’S ARCH OF PALMYRA." International Journal of Architectural Research: ArchNet-IJAR 11, no. 3 (November 22, 2017): 58. http://dx.doi.org/10.26687/archnet-ijar.v11i3.1401.

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This paper considers the destruction of the Arch of Palmyra in Syria in 2015 and its temporary reconstruction a year later in London’s Trafalgar Square. Attention is paid to an adjacent pedestal known as the Fourth Plinth, with a particular focus on a proposed monument by the Iraqi-American conceptual artist, Michael Rakowitz (born 1973). His works provide the basis for a discussion of public memorials and art’s commemorative function; the preservation, destruction and politicisation of heritage; the role of technology for the purposes of documentation and reconstruction; notions of authenticity; ethics and legal issues surrounding the global trade in cultural artefacts.

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Jansen-Osmann, Petra, and Martin Heil. "The process of spatial knowledge acquisition in a square and a circular virtual environment." Advances in Cognitive Psychology 3, no. 3 (January 1, 2007): 389–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/v10053-008-0003-6.

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Liu, Yanheng, Longxiang Suo, Dayang Sun, and Aimin Wang. "A virtual square grid-based coverage algorithm of redundant node for wireless sensor network." Journal of Network and Computer Applications 36, no. 2 (March 2013): 811–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jnca.2012.12.003.

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HOGREVE, H. "BOUND, VIRTUAL AND RESONANCE STATES OF THE THREE-DIMENSIONAL DIRAC AND SCHRÖDINGER SQUARE WELL." International Journal of Modern Physics E 22, no. 11 (November 2013): 1350079. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218301313500791.

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The transition scenario between bound, virtual and resonance states is investigated for the Dirac and Schrödinger operator with a spherically symmetric square well potential of varying depth λ≥0. This includes rigorous results derived with the help of the Birman–Schwinger principle and perturbation methods, and a numerical study of the motion of the corresponding S-matrix poles as a function of λ by displaying the computed energy curves in the complex plane.

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Chen, Li Jie, and Ping Zou. "Study on the Virtual Instrument for Coaxiality Error." Applied Mechanics and Materials 220-223 (November 2012): 45–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.220-223.45.

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Used LabWindows/CVI as software platform, existing apparatus in laboratory and a data acquisition card as hardware platform, the virtual instrument for coaxiality error was developed. It combines the theory to measure form and position error with technology about virtual instrument. Coaxiality error by least square method and the minimum zone method is measured. The image of coaxiality error can be displayed on the screen to analyse the causes of error, so as to control the manufacturing error. The virtual instrument has the advantages of high precision, stablity, low manufacturing cost, especially the excellent function expandability. It can be used for experimental teaching and the actual production.

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Si, Hui Ling. "Design of Virtual Function Signal Generator Based on Sound Card." Applied Mechanics and Materials 543-547 (March 2014): 850–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.543-547.850.

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In this paper, the use of Lab VIEW virtual instrument development platform, designs the virtual function signal generator based on sound card. The instrument can generate sine wave, square wave, saw tooth wave, triangle wave, gauss white noise, superposition of sine wave, custom formula waveform, it can be arbitrarily set parameter as frequency, amplitude, phase, the noise standard deviation, it has simple operation, good interaction, it save the cost and can be widely used in scientific research and experiment teaching.

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Haider, Sajjad, Assem Barakat, and Zaheer Ul-Haq. "Discovery of Potential Chemical Probe as Inhibitors of CXCL12 Using Ligand-Based Virtual Screening and Molecular Dynamic Simulation." Molecules 25, no. 20 (October 20, 2020): 4829. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules25204829.

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CXCL12 are small pro-inflammatory chemo-attractant cytokines that bind to a specific receptor CXCR4 with a role in angiogenesis, tumor progression, metastasis, and cell survival. Globally, cancer metastasis is a major cause of morbidity and mortality. In this study, we targeted CXCL12 rather than the chemokine receptor (CXCR4) because most of the drugs failed in clinical trials due to unmanageable toxicities. Until now, no FDA approved medication has been available against CXCL12. Therefore, we aimed to find new inhibitors for CXCL12 through virtual screening followed by molecular dynamics simulation. For virtual screening, active compounds against CXCL12 were taken as potent inhibitors and utilized in the generation of a pharmacophore model, followed by validation against different datasets. Ligand based virtual screening was performed on the ChEMBL and in-house databases, which resulted in successive elimination through the steps of pharmacophore-based and score-based screenings, and finally, sixteen compounds of various interactions with significant crucial amino acid residues were selected as virtual hits. Furthermore, the binding mode of these compounds were refined through molecular dynamic simulations. Moreover, the stability of protein complexes, Root Mean Square Deviation (RMSD), Root Mean Square Fluctuation (RMSF), and radius of gyration were analyzed, which led to the identification of three potent inhibitors of CXCL12 that may be pursued in the drug discovery process against cancer metastasis.

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Ortega Lisbona, José Luis. "Identidad y hegemonía: Times Square y la producción amateur." AUSART 4, no. 1 (July 12, 2016): 155–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1387/ausart.16694.

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Si pensamos en la relación del espacio urbano contemporáneo con la luz, debemos hablar de dinámicas sociales dentro de las metrópolis contemporáneas y de cómo estos suponen un paradigma de la transformación tecnológica y social respecto a los media dentro del espacio urbano. Esto ha culminado con la conversión de las pantallas basadas en tecnología LCD en parte del medio en el cual nos desenvolvemos socialmente mediante las redes sociales. Por otro lado el lugar se diluye dentro de imágenes virtuales, dislocadas y descontextualizadas, convirtiendo la ciudad en un interfaz comunicativo, y lo visual en una experiencia espacial. Es por ello que es de especial interés analizar este fenómeno en el cual entran en juego elementos que afectan a los marcos constitutivos de nuestras experiencias sociales e identitarias dentro de un espacio variable y contingente, gracias al cual se está produciendo un desplazamiento de los usos dentro de la esfera pública, generando nuevas formas de espectáculo que producen nuevas políticas de vigilancia del otro.Palabras-Clave: TIMES SQUARE; IDENTIDAD; REDES SOCIALES; PANTALLAS URBANAS; ESPACIO PÚBLICO Identity and hegemony: Times Square and the amateur productionAbstractIf we think about the relationship of contemporary urban space and light, we must talk about social dynamics within contemporary cities and how these represent a paradigm of technological and social transformation with respect to the media in the urban space. This has culminated in the conversion of LCD technology screens into part on the environment in which we operate through social networks. On the other hand the place is diluted into virtual images, dislocated and decontextualized, turning the city into a communicative interface, and the visual in a spatial experience. That’s why it’s especially interesting to analyze this phenomenon in which elements come into play affecting the constituent frames of our social experience and identity in a variable and contingent space, through which it is producing a shift of uses within public sphere, creating new forms of entertainment that produce new surveillance policies of the other.Keywords: TIMES SQUARE; IDENTITY; SOCIAL NETWORKS; URBAN SCREENS; PUBLIC SPACE

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Oliveira, Natalice Sousa de, Bruno Frazão Gribel, Leniana Santos Neves, Elizabeth Maria Bastos Lages, Soraia Macari, and Henrique Pretti. "Comparison of the accuracy of virtual and direct bonding of orthodontic accessories." Dental Press Journal of Orthodontics 24, no. 4 (August 2019): 46–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/2177-6709.24.4.046-053.oar.

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ABSTRACT Introduction: Conventional direct and indirect bonding techniques fail to obtain the ideal bracket position. Objective: To compare the accuracy of virtual and conventional direct bonding of orthodontic accessories. Methods: A single virtual configuration (dental mannequin with Class I malocclusion) served as basis for generating the reference model (treated virtually) and the intervention models (10 digital models and 10 solid models, obtained by means of prototyping). A total of 560 teeth were then equally distributed between a group of orthodontists (Group I, direct bonding; and Group II, virtual bonding), working in two different time intervals. The individual positions of the accessories were measured after three-dimensional superimposition with customized software. The Student’s-t test for paired samples, and Chi-square tests were used for statistical analysis, both at the level of significance of 5%. Results: In comparison of the errors in raw values, there were significant differences only in the vertical (p< 0.001) and horizontal dimensions (p< 0.001). Considering the groups of ranges by clinical limits of the deviations, these differences were significant in the three dimensions, vertical (p< 0.001), horizontal (p= 0.044) and angular (p= 0.044). Conclusion: Virtual bonding made it possible to obtain more precise/accurate positioning of the orthodontic accessories. The potential accuracy of this method brings new perspectives to refining the indirect bonding protocols.

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Yang, Xun, Can Zhang, and Yong Lei. "Parameter Modeling Method for Aeroengine Virtual Testing System." Advanced Materials Research 601 (December 2012): 242–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.601.242.

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Aeroengine parameters model is pivotal for development of aeroengine virtual testing system. So the modeling method is discussed in this paper in detail. Firstly, dependency relationships between parameters are established according to the variational character of each parameter in different working state, including transient processes such as false start, cold run, start, acceleration, deceleration, stop and stable processes such as idle, warming, performance test. Then parameter equations are formulated based on least square fit, utilizing actual test data of some kind of turbo-fan aeroengine as prototype. With the method, modeling work for aeroengine virtual testing system is facilitated. And each parameter varying pattern is consistent to that of real aeroengine. Furthermore, different test process can be simulated via changing relevant setting parameters. It makes the development of aeroengine virtual testing system much easier.

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Xu, Qiang, Zhijia Zhang, and Wei Si. "Virtual boundary meshless least square collocation method for calculation of 2D multi-domain elastic problems." Engineering Analysis with Boundary Elements 36, no. 5 (May 2012): 696–708. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.enganabound.2011.12.008.

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Gu, Li Zhi, and Chun Jiang Xiang. "Application of Wavelet Analysis in the Virtual Measurement of Roundness/Cylindricalness for Shaft-Like Components." Key Engineering Materials 392-394 (October 2008): 69–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.392-394.69.

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Wavelet analysis was applied to detect the greatest deviation from the perfect circle for the roundness and cylindricalness of shaft-like components in the virtual manufacturing engineering. Based on the concepts of the roundness and cylindricalness, the least square method was adopted into the determination of the reference—the least square circle from which the deviation was calculated. In order to obtain the extremum of the errors, wavelet transform was carried out with binary wavelet from the time domain to frequency domain. A virtual probe was used to have the signals for the measured point by using WTnode_gettranslation() function. The accuracy of the measurement depends, to a large extent, on the length of individual step along the axis and the density of the measured points on the sections. Experiments have shown that the measuring processing was time-saving and the results from the wavelet analysis were much reliable.

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Gawron, Magdalena, and Artur Strzelecki. "Consumers’ Adoption and Use of E-Currencies in Virtual Markets in the Context of an Online Game." Journal of Theoretical and Applied Electronic Commerce Research 16, no. 5 (April 13, 2021): 1266–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jtaer16050071.

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Virtual worlds have created unique economies whose outcome is e-currencies, which link the electronic universe and reality. This article aims to examine how perceived usefulness, perceived ease of use, perceived risks, and perceived trust significantly impact consumers’ virtual currencies’ behaviour. The study tested and used an adapted TAM model in the context of virtual currencies using structural equation modelling. The partial least square method of structural equation modelling is employed to test the proposed research model. The study utilises an online survey to obtain data from 205 virtual currency consumers. The data set was analysed using SmartPLS 3 software. The results showed that the best predictor of consumers’ intention to use virtual currencies is perceived usefulness, followed by perceived ease of use. Perceived trust predicts consumers’ perceived usefulness and perceived ease of use. These findings reveal that virtual currencies are seen as useful and easy to use. Consumers trust them enough but notice the risks they carry. They can also accept problems associated with them when it comes to their intention to use them.

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Utsintong, Maleeruk, Todd T. Talley, Palmer W. Taylor, Arthur J. Olson, and Opa Vajragupta. "Virtual Screening Against α-Cobratoxin." Journal of Biomolecular Screening 14, no. 9 (September 4, 2009): 1109–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1087057109344617.

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α-Cobratoxin (Cbtx), the neurotoxin isolated from the venom of the Thai cobra Naja kaouthia , causes paralysis by preventing acetylcholine (ACh) binding to nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs). In the current study, the region of the Cbtx molecule that is directly involved in binding to nAChRs is used as the target for anticobratoxin drug design. The crystal structure (1YI5) of Cbtx in complex with the acetylcholine binding protein (AChBP), a soluble homolog of the extracellular binding domain of nAChRs, was selected to prepare an α-cobratoxin active binding site for docking. The amino acid residues (Ser182-Tyr192) of the AChBP structure, the binding site of Cbtx, were used as the positive control to validate the prepared Cbtx active binding site (root mean square deviation < 1.2 Å). Virtual screening of the National Cancer Institute diversity set, a library of 1990 compounds with nonredundant pharmacophore profiles, using AutoDock against the Cbtx active site, revealed 39 potential inhibitor candidates. The adapted in vitro radioligand competition assays using [3H]epibatidine and [125I]bungarotoxin against the AChBPs from the marine species, Aplysia californica ( Ac), and from the freshwater snails, Lymnaea stagnalis ( Ls ) and Bolinus truncates ( Bt), revealed 4 compounds from the list of inhibitor candidates that had micromolar to nanomolar interferences for the toxin binding to AChBPs. Three hits (NSC42258, NSC121865, and NSC134754) can prolong the survival time of the mice if administered 30 min before injection with Cbtx, but only NSC121865 and NSC134754 can prolong the survival time if injected immediately after injection with Cbtx. These inhibitors serve as novel templates/scaffolds for the development of more potent and specific anticobratoxin. ( Journal of Biomolecular Screening 2009:1109-1118)

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Yao, Guo Nian, Hai Ying Huang, Jun Hu Wei, and Guo Ji Sun. "Research on Dynamics Modeling and Simulation for Transportation Truck Based on ADAMS." Applied Mechanics and Materials 26-28 (June 2010): 32–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.26-28.32.

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In order to verify the fitting degree of whole vehicle simulation modeling and practical vibration, the transportation truck subsystem simulation models are established and the whole vehicle virtual model is assembled with ADAMS software based on multi-body dynamics theory and virtual prototyping. The documents of rural road are created in the MATLAB with harmonic superposition principle according to the description of pavements in different grades in the national standard. Through loading road documents, the obtained vibration spectrums are compared with the measured spectrums. The RMS(Root of Mean Square) of the virtual test inosculates basically with the RMS of practical running-in test in each test point by analyzing. It shows that the simulation experimental results have enough reliability and the established virtual prototyping can be used as a basis for structural design of vibration simulation system.

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Giller, Cole A., and Jeffrey A. Fiedler. "Virtual framing: the feasibility of frameless radiosurgical planning for the Gamma Knife." Journal of Neurosurgery 109, Supplement (December 2008): 25–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.3171/jns/2008/109/12/s6.

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Object Gamma Knife (GK) treatments are typically delivered in 1 day with little opportunity to test different planning strategies. The authors demonstrate 2 methods for imposing GK coordinate systems upon imaging datasets without frame attachment to allow leisurely preprocedural planning, and discuss potential applications. Methods A “virtual framing” is constructed by coregistering a CT scan of a Leksell frame with a patient dataset using the GammaPlan (Multiview) module. Equations for skull radii are derived by approximating the skull as an ellipsoid. No proprietary software other than that of the GK system is required. In a second method, images of fiducial markers are directly superimposed on the patient dataset. Validation of the first method was achieved by comparing the lengths of 75 line segments and 60 single shot diameters measured in the virtual coordinates with those measured in real coordinates. In addition to preplanning, 2 applications are discussed. The first is the use of GK software to aid radiosurgical planning for other devices. The second is the use of virtual framing to enhance automatic optimization algorithms. Results Mean (± standard deviation) and root-mean-square differences in lengths were 0.18 ± 0.32 and 0.37 mm. Mean and root-mean-square differences in diameters of single-shot plans were 0.01 ± 0.18 and 0.18 mm. Conclusions Virtual framing allows exploration of radiosurgical planning strategies prior to the day of treatment using only the GK software. Other applications include enhancement of radiosurgical planning for other systems and enhancement of optimization algorithms.

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Shih, Ya-Chun. "Vocabulary Acquisition From a Virtual Street-View Context." International Journal of Computer-Assisted Language Learning and Teaching 10, no. 4 (October 2020): 14–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/ijcallt.2020100102.

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This study incorporated Google Street View into a 3D virtual environment, known as VECAR, in which EFL learners controlled their avatars to learn vocabulary in a context of New York City. New York City's Times Square is full of real-life materials, realia, which can be used to assist situated incidental vocabulary learning and to connect vocabulary acquisition to the real world. The case study design combining both qualitative and quantitative analysis was used mainly to investigate the program's impact on vocabulary acquisition, and to track the ongoing dynamics of the vocabulary acquisition across the four research phases, learner motivation in terms of self-efficacy and attitudes toward vocabulary learning, and strategy use across learners. The results showed that all participants involved in the study acquired the target vocabulary, increased motivation, and deepened strategy use gradually over time. The program supported both contextualized and motivated vocabulary learning processes in realistic situations.

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Wang, Fa Yu, Jing Chao Wang, and Baoan Lu. "Study on the Application of Virtual Reality Technology in the Production of Industrial Products Based on OpenGL." Applied Mechanics and Materials 392 (September 2013): 206–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.392.206.

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This paper mainly discusses the use of virtual reality technology to make the complex steel production environment into direct, simple virtual interface. The model of square steel and the model of cylindrical steel have been founded through object-oriented method and powerful 3D image edit function provided by OpenGL which is employed in this system. Simulation system framework and friendly man-machine interaction are founded using 3-tier application for interactive control. The establishment and maintenance of the steel template, the real-time processing of the temperature in the steel production.

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Liu, Shi Bin, Cheng Wang, Yan Ping Yang, and Xing Yan Liu. "Algorithm of Hardy Function Interpolation and its Visualization in the Formation of the Virtual Battlefield Terrain." Advanced Materials Research 709 (June 2013): 495–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.709.495.

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this thesis puts forward the idea of using the searching method to retrieve two kinds of data points of the circle and the square to generate DEM data of the collected discrete points by means of using C# language and OpenGL DLL, thus realizing the visualization of the three-dimensional virtual terrain from contours on the two-dimensional surface. This thesis makes a comparison and analysis of the visualization effect which indicates that this algorithm is quick and effective. This research has a certain reference value for the formation of the virtual battlefield terrain.

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Wijaya, Jeremiah Purna, Natasya Yemima Ongkosuwito, and Regina Jokom. "PENGARUH INTERAKSI VIRTUAL DAN EKUITAS MEREK NEX CARLOS TERHADAP MINAT BELI PENGIKUT DI INSTAGRAM." Jurnal Manajemen Perhotelan 7, no. 1 (August 1, 2021): 32–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.9744/jmp.7.1.32-41.

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Nex Carlos adalah salah satu selebriti endorser yang populer di Indonesia yang terkenal dengan konten makanannya. Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk mengetahui seberapa besar tingkat pengaruh Interaksi Virtual dan Ekuitas Merek (kesadaran merek, citra merek, dan loyalitas merek) Nex Carlos terhadap minat beli pengikutnya di Instagram. Data penelitian didapat dengan melakukan survei kepada 218 pengikut akun Instagram Nex Carlos. Teknik Analisa data yang dugunakan adalah Partial Least Square. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa interaksi virtual dan ekuitas merek Nex Carlos berpengaruh secara positif dan signifikan terhadap minat beli pengikutnya di Instagram.

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Wu, Bao Gui, Shao Ping Li, and Shu Fa Yan. "Vehicle Ride Comfort Simulation Based on Virtual Prototyping Technology." Applied Mechanics and Materials 697 (November 2014): 190–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.697.190.

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Vehicle ride comfort determines vehicle performance, affects the ride comfort and reliability. Aimed at the problems in establishing the vehicle dynamics model by traditional classical mechanical methods, the vehicle ride comfort simulation analysis scheme on the basis of virtual prototyping technology is put forward. Based on Multi-body dynamics, the virtual prototype vehicle model was established. According to the national standards, the vehicle ride comfort simulation scheme was designed, including the simulation test with sine wave excitation, the simulation test on triangular bump road and random uneven road. Through the test, the root mean square of weighed acceleration can be got and the evaluating process can be accomplished according to the ISO standard. The results show a good ride comfort of the testing vehicle. Virtual test provides a useful reference for the complex mechanical product design of physical prototype.

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Nasar, Jack L., and Saleheh Bokharaei. "Impressions of Lighting in Public Squares After Dark." Environment and Behavior 49, no. 3 (July 27, 2016): 227–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0013916515626546.

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Lighting may affect impressions of public squares. Following studies on office interior lighting, the present research manipulated three modes of lighting—non-uniform–uniform, peripheral–overhead, and dim–bright—in three virtual squares. One study had 32 participants (15 men, 17 women) judge the spaciousness and privacy of each of the 24 public squares. A second study had a different group of 30 participants (16 men, 14 women) rate the appeal, safety from crime, and excitement of each square. Study 1 found that judged spaciousness increased with uniform and bright lighting, and that privacy increased with non-uniform, dim, and peripheral lighting. Study 2 found that rated appeal increased with uniform and bright lighting, as did safety from crime and excitement. Across the two studies, the uniform and bright lighting conditions contributed most to the kinds of favorable experiences people might expect to have in public spaces after dark.

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Walters, Lori C., Darin E. Hughes, and Charles E. Hughes. "Interconnections." Games and Culture 6, no. 6 (November 2011): 538–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1555412011431360.

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Virtual reality (VR) transports the mind beyond the two-dimensional bounds of text and photographs; it engages the imagination and forms visual and cognitive links. VR can free participants from stereotyped bounds projected by society. Interconnections: Revisiting the Future applies these innate qualities of virtual worlds to weave together individual threads of singular disciplines into a multidisciplinary tapestry of exploration. The authors are creating an accurately modeled 1964–1965 New York World’s Fair where users can freely explore 140+ pavilions set on 660 virtual square acres. The myriad of pavilions offer links to multiple disciplines—science, engineering, technology, national and international political/cultural affairs, art, history, and architecture. The project provides on-site museum experiences with its partners, the New York Hall of Science and Queens Museum of Art. The three-dimensional virtual Fair environment serves as a central portal that links together not only subjects within that environment but also experiences at these partnering institutions.

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Deeb, Mervat, and Tawfeeq Albakry. "Simulation of Virtual Reality and its Impact on Competitive State Anxiety and Level of Performance of Table Tennis Players." Journal of Educational and Psychological Studies [JEPS] 9, no. 2 (March 1, 2015): 325. http://dx.doi.org/10.24200/jeps.vol9iss2pp325-339.

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This study aimed at exploring the impact of using a training program which employs simulation of virtual reality on competitive state anxiety; and the level of performance of the table tennis players in Jordan and Saudi Arabia. The sample consisted of 10 players (age 13–15 years); with five players purposefully selected from each country. The researchers administered the training program, using the immersive and nonimmersive virtual reality for 6 weeks 5 times a week. Competitive state anxiety inventory "CSAI-2" and a questionnaire for evaluating the performance in the "fore-hand drive" were used. The data were analyzed, using Mann–Whitney U test, Wilcoxon signed ranks test; and Chi square test. The results indicated that the program with simulation of virtual reality had a positive impact on the study parameters as the post measurement was significantly greater than the pre training measurement. In light of the results, the researchers recommended modern technological devices be used in sports psychology. Also, immersive simulation of virtual reality is recommended.

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Zhang, Yi, Ting-jian Zhang, Shun Tu, Zhen-hao Zhang, and Fan-hao Meng. "Identification of Novel Src Inhibitors: Pharmacophore-Based Virtual Screening, Molecular Docking and Molecular Dynamics Simulations." Molecules 25, no. 18 (September 8, 2020): 4094. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules25184094.

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Src plays a crucial role in many signaling pathways and contributes to a variety of cancers. Therefore, Src has long been considered an attractive drug target in oncology. However, the development of Src inhibitors with selectivity and novelty has been challenging. In the present study, pharmacophore-based virtual screening and molecular docking were carried out to identify potential Src inhibitors. A total of 891 molecules were obtained after pharmacophore-based virtual screening, and 10 molecules with high docking scores and strong interactions were selected as potential active molecules for further study. Absorption, distribution, metabolism, elimination and toxicity (ADMET) property evaluation was used to ascertain the drug-like properties of the obtained molecules. The proposed inhibitor–protein complexes were further subjected to molecular dynamics (MD) simulations involving root-mean-square deviation and root-mean-square fluctuation to explore the binding mode stability inside active pockets. Finally, two molecules (ZINC3214460 and ZINC1380384) were obtained as potential lead compounds against Src kinase. All these analyses provide a reference for the further development of novel Src inhibitors.

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Jiang, Feng Guo, Bin Zhu, Yan Tao Wang, and Peng Liu. "Roundness Error Measurement of Shaft Parts Based on Virtual Instrument." Advanced Materials Research 591-593 (November 2012): 2595–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.591-593.2595.

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Roundness error is widely measured in machinery industry, but existing roundness error measuring instruments have much weakness such as single function and low intelligent level, etc. Aimed at the shortage of traditional roundness error measuring instruments, the roundness error measuring system based on virtual instrument is developed. This system which takes NI LabVIEW8.5 as development platform, evaluates roundness error with the least square method, adopts modular design, combines with 610H IPC, PCI-1716 data acquisition card, stepping motors, LVDT sensor and other hardware can realize fast, precise measurement of roundness error of shaft parts. It is verified to be feasible by measuring standard parts. Compared with the similar product, this system has many advantages such as simple operation, intuitive display, high intelligent level and so on.

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Wenderoth, Peter, Rick van der Zwan, and Martin Williams. "Direct Evidence for Competition between Local and Global Mechanisms of Two-Dimensional Orientation Illusions." Perception 22, no. 3 (March 1993): 273–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1068/p220273.

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Orientation illusions induced by two-dimensional stimuli, such as square outline frames or plaids, have been more or less adequately accounted for in terms of repulsion of the vertical test stimulus from the axis of symmetry nearest vertical of the inducing stimulus, whether that axis is real or virtual. Recently, data have been obtained which directly suggest a more complex mechanism: one in which the observed illusion is the sum of all effects—complementary and antagonistic—induced by all axes flanking vertical which are sufficiently close to vertical to exert a significant effect. Experiments are reported in which this latter hypothesis was directly tested by using nonorthogonal plaid component gratings and varying the real-axis orientations while a virtual plaid axis remained fixed in orientation at 10° from vertical. The data indicate that the real component gratings modulate the virtual-axis effect.

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Waters, Richard C., David B. Anderson, John W. Barrus, David C. Brogan, Michael A. Casey, Stephan G. McKeown, Tohei Nitta, Ilene B. Sterns, and William S. Yerazunis. "Diamond Park and Spline:Social Virtual Reality with 3D Animation, Spoken Interaction, and Runtime Extendability." Presence: Teleoperators and Virtual Environments 6, no. 4 (August 1997): 461–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/pres.1997.6.4.461.

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Diamond Park is a social virtual reality system in which multiple geographically separated users can speak to each other and participate in joint activities. The central theme of the park is cycling. Human visitors to the park are represented by 3D animated avatars and can explore a square mile of 3D terrain. In addition to human visitors, the park hosts a number of computer simulations, including tour buses and autonomous animated figures. Diamond Park is implemented using a software platform called Spline, which makes it easy to build virtual worlds where multiple people interact with each other and with computer simulations in a 3D visual and audio environment. Spline performs all the processing necessary to maintain a distributed, modifiable, and extendable model of a virtual world that is shared between the participants. For more information visit http://www.merl.com.

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Su, Chung-Ho, and Ting-Wen Cheng. "A Sustainability Innovation Experiential Learning Model for Virtual Reality Chemistry Laboratory: An Empirical Study with PLS-SEM and IPMA." Sustainability 11, no. 4 (February 16, 2019): 1027. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su11041027.

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This study focuses on serious virtual reality games, and how users can increase their understanding of the sustainable innovation learning (SIL) model and their familiarity with sustainable development strategies. “Users” of serious games consists of all possible target groups that are interested in attaining knowledge of sustainability through the use of games that are designed for a purpose beyond entertainment, in this case, for sustainable education. This research investigates the sustainable innovation experiential learning model by using a virtual chemistry laboratory to affect academic achievement. A questionnaire was completed by students who had used the virtual lab, and structural equation modeling (SEM) was applied for analysis. Importance-performance matrix analysis (IPMA) was able to help expand the basic partial least square (PLS)-SEM result with the fraction. The results show that experiential learning significantly affects learning motivation and academic achievement. Cognitive load and self-efficacy significantly affect learning motivation. Involvement significantly affects academic achievement. The virtual chemistry laboratory significantly affects academic achievement. Students who used the sustainability innovation experiential learning model obtained a better understanding of the chemical concepts. Moreover, a virtual lab promotes students’ motivation in regard to chemistry.

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Bogumilowicz, Y., J. M. Hartmann, F. Laugier, G. Rolland, and Thierry Billon. "Impact of the Growth Parameters on the Structural Properties of Si_0.8Ge_0.2 Virtual Substrates." Solid State Phenomena 108-109 (December 2005): 445–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/ssp.108-109.445.

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We have focused in this paper on the impact of the growth rate and of the grading rate on the structural properties of Si0.8Ge0.2 virtual substrates grown at 900°C in a commercial reduced pressure chemical vapour deposition reactor. Adopting a grading rate of 4% Ge / $m together with a growth rate around 140 nm min.-1 yields very high quality Si0.8Ge0.2 virtual substrates. Their macroscopic degree of strain relaxation is indeed very close to 100%, their surface root mean square roughness is around 2.3 nm and most importantly their field threading dislocation density is of the order of 6x104 cm-2 only, with almost no pile-ups.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Virtual Square'

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