Academic literature on the topic 'Virtuality of work'
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Journal articles on the topic "Virtuality of work"
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Perry, Sara Jansen, Natalia M. Lorinkova, Emily M. Hunter, Abigail Hubbard, and J. Timothy McMahon. "When Does Virtuality Really “Work”? Examining the Role of Work–Family and Virtuality in Social Loafing." Journal of Management 42, no. 2 (2013): 449–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0149206313475814.
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KIRKMAN, BRADLEY L., and JOHN E. MATHIEU. "THE ROLE OF VIRTUALITY IN WORK TEAM EFFECTIVENESS." Academy of Management Proceedings 2004, no. 1 (2004): L1—L6. http://dx.doi.org/10.5465/ambpp.2004.13862418.
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Costa, Patrícia L., Lisa Handke, and Thomas A. O’Neill. "Are All Lockdown Teams Created Equally? Work Characteristics and Team Perceived Virtuality." Small Group Research 52, no. 5 (2021): 600–628. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1046496421997897.
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Team virtuality has been mostly conceptualized as structural features, such as the percentage of time team members communicate via technology. However, the perception of distance and of information deficits (team perceived virtuality, TPV) may be an indispensable construct to understand virtual teams’ functioning. The lockdowns imposed on most countries due to COVID-19 created virtual teams with high degrees of structural virtuality. With structural virtuality held constant among teams, we explore configurations of work characteristics (autonomy, interdependence, and organizational support) that influence TPV. With a sample of 296 multinational workers, a Latent Profile Analysis identified four distinct profiles of those work characteristics. Those profiles related differently to TPV. Contrary to previous findings, interdependence seems to play an important role in these teams high in structural virtuality when their autonomy is also high, highlighting the pivotal role of frequent interaction among team members, under conditions of high structural virtuality.
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Kennedy, Miles. "Virtue and Virtuality." International Journal of Technoethics 2, no. 1 (2011): 1–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/jte.2011010101.
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This paper is an attempt to establish a foundation for technoethics of IT that makes an account of the virtual environment based within the lived situation of those who work and dwell in that emerging realm. The most important phenomenon for technoethics of IT is the relationship between knowledge about information and the capacity to turn information into knowledge. This relationship is embodied in being a Master of Information Technology. To achieve mastery of information and mould it into knowledge, a useful tool-like entity, is to have power in the contemporary world. Once this situation is recognised ethical questions arise of their own volition. A selection of these questions are dealt with in the following paper, they are the questions of the distinction between information and knowledge, the central issue of virtue and virtuality, and the distinction between stealing and sharing in the virtual environment. This paper constitutes a think piece; readers who have a stake in the virtual environment and its ethical makeup are urged to ask themselves these questions and come up with others in turn.
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Handke, Lisa, Florian E. Klonek, Sharon K. Parker, and Simone Kauffeld. "Interactive Effects of Team Virtuality and Work Design on Team Functioning." Small Group Research 51, no. 1 (2019): 3–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1046496419863490.
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This review study aimed to investigate how team work design shapes the impact of team virtuality on team functioning. Based on 48 studies, we identified key work design variables that influence both team functioning, that is, team performance and intermediary outcomes (i.e., team processes and emergent states), under conditions of high virtuality (or in interaction with virtuality). First, while outcome interdependence showed positive effects on the functioning of virtual teams, particularly via motivational increases, task interdependence showed mixed results. Second, high levels of knowledge characteristics (e.g., task complexity) appear to worsen team functioning within virtual contexts, likely because these characteristics add to the demands of an already demanding context. Third, job resources (e.g., feedback) showed positive associations with team functioning, suggesting these variables might buffer the high demands of virtual work. Given these results, more investigations that explicitly examine the interaction between work design and team virtuality are needed.
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Tijunaitis, Karolis, Debora Jeske, and Kenneth S. Shultz. "Virtuality at work and social media use among dispersed workers." Employee Relations: The International Journal 41, no. 3 (2019): 358–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/er-03-2018-0093.
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Purpose Technology and globalization of services have facilitated the digitalization of many processes at work. However, their impact on social capital is unknown. The purpose of this paper is to examine the relationships between virtuality in the workplace and social capital. Design/methodology/approach Using an online survey, the authors recruited 152 female student workers using an opportunity sampling approach. Findings Participants who used social media at work (n=112) reported higher social capital overall than participants who did not use any social media to communicate with colleagues at work (n=40). This difference also presented itself in terms of the social capital subscales (network ties, shared vision and trust). Mediation analysis conducted with users of social media at work revealed that social media use was a significant mediator in the relationship between virtuality at work and social capital overall (partial mediation). Subsequent analyses with the subscales for virtuality and social capital suggested full mediation of the relationship in most instances (with the exception of work practices). Originality/value This is the first study to examine the relationship between virtuality, social media and social capital at work. The result of this study suggests that social media use at work between colleagues can play a significant role in promoting social capital in workplaces that are heavily reliant on technological application to support interactions at work and feature geographical and temporal dispersion.
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Orhan, Mehmet A., John B. Rijsman, and Gerda M. van Dijk. "Invisible, therefore isolated: Comparative effects of team virtuality with task virtuality on workplace isolation and work outcomes." Revista de Psicología del Trabajo y de las Organizaciones 32, no. 2 (2016): 109–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.rpto.2016.02.002.
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Gurung, Anil. "The role of virtuality and work family conflict in forming attitudes towards virtual work." International Journal of Information Systems and Change Management 2, no. 1 (2007): 69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1504/ijiscm.2007.013882.
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Bhargava, Sushant. "Virtuality and teams: Dealing with crises and catastrophes." Human Systems Management 39, no. 4 (2020): 537–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.3233/hsm-201050.
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BACKGROUND: This article bridges the gap between theory and practice and elaborates, for practitioners, how to convert the COVID-19 and other similar crises into opportunities for keeping their business on track for growth. It shows how movement to virtual modes of working, especially virtual teams, can help practitioners meet the current crisis effectively and also prepare for future crisis efficiently. OBJECTIVE: The objective of this article is to show how the concept of virtuality can help design practices which enable managers/practitioners in effectively managing necessary transitions to virtual work. METHODS: The article reviews and integrates essential literature on virtuality and virtual teams. It enumerates the benefits and challenges which accompany a sudden and necessary movement to virtual work in teams. Also used are the recently developed theoretical frameworks of teams as essential emergent states and its implications on virtual work. RESULTS: By distilling insights from past literature, the article advises managers on how to deal with the present and prepare for future disruptions. Usage of overarching frameworks rather than industry/work specific literature enables managers to move away from specific recommendations and focus on general characteristics for wider impact. CONCLUSIONS: The article demonstrates how organizations can meet disruptive challenges successfully and also prepare for future challenges sustainably using virtuality as a starting point.
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Styhre, Alexander. "Peer learning in construction work: virtuality and time in workplace learning." Journal of Workplace Learning 18, no. 2 (2006): 93–105. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/13665620610647809.
Full textDissertations / Theses on the topic "Virtuality of work"
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Seely, Peter W. "The impact of virtuality on team functioning: a meta-analytic integration." Thesis, Georgia Institute of Technology, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/45894.
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Communication technologies have become a central characteristic of workplace functioning. The literature has suggested that the use of these technologies fundamentally changes the manner in which team members interact. The present study sought to reorganize previous research on the impact of virtuality on team emergent states and behavioral processes to elucidate how different degrees of team virtuality shape team functioning, and to investigate the manner in which these relationships differ according to team type, team membership stability, and publication year. Findings from 174 studies (total number of teams = 9204; total N approximately 26,050) suggest that there is not a strong relationship between team virtuality and emergent states and behavioral processes. However, moderator analyses revealed that a reliance on highly virtual tools may be most detrimental to action teams and ad hoc teams. Moreover, findings demonstrate that the degree to which virtuality shapes team transition and action process may be changing over time.
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Berggren, Max, and Johanna Wiklund. "Conditions for Collaborative Creativity in Mobile Multi-Locational Work Systems : A managerial perspective on supporting collaborative creativity in a virtualized setting." Thesis, KTH, Industriell ekonomi och organisation (Inst.), 2013. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-124521.
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The increasingly virtualized work life, brought on by increased demand on flexibility and work- life balance as well as technological development, has changed the way we work. At the same time the need for organizations to be creative in order to compete on the expanding market has grown. This is a fact that increases the need for groups to be creative through collaboration. Hence, this study investigates how collaborative creativity can be created in Mobile Multi-Locational Work Systems, from a managerial point of view. The existing theoretical body of knowledge on collaborative creativity and virtual structures, such as Mobile Multi-Locational Work Systems, points to communication as an area of key importance. When further investigating the factor of communication, two sub-areas were identified; Social Factors and Coordination. Moreover the role of leadership in collaborative creativity implies that managers have an important role in creating conditions for collaborative creativity. In order to investigate how collaborative creativity can be stimulated in Mobile Multi-Locational Work Systems, managerial perceptions of work within such a system were collected through interviews at our case company, Microsoft AB. The organization had implemented a Mobile Multi- Locational Work Systems called the New World of Work, allowing employees to work flexibly. Results imply that Mobile Multi-Locational Work Systems affect conditions for collaborative creativity in both stimulating and inhibiting manners. The system implementation appears to increase group external communication across organizational boundaries. It likely increases the amount of ideas and knowledge available, which is positive for collaborative creativity. However, handling factors related to communication, social factors and work coordination within work groups appears to be critical in facilitating collaborative creativity as they appear to be affected by the Mobile Multi-Locational Work System implementation. Results indicate that if managers allows freedom with responsibility, provides a clear framework, creates forums for social and work interaction, coaches their employees and acts as role models it is likely that they will stimulate collaborative creativity in their team.
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Tucker, Ashton. "Virtual and Physical Environments in the work of Pipilotti Rist, Doug Aitken, and Olafur Eliasson." University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2012. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1337084536.
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Arriola, Guillén Marcela, and Motta Hermelinda Clemencia Neyra. "Análisis en la eficiencia del trabajo remoto en el Poder Judicial." Master's thesis, Universidad Peruana de Ciencias Aplicadas (UPC), 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/10757/654024.
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El presente trabajo de investigación permitirá estudiar, analizar y explorar sobre la eficacia del trabajo remoto en el sistema judicial peruano, puntualmente en el Segundo Juzgado de Paz Letrado Laboral de la zona 01 de Lima Este. A partir de esta experiencia buscaremos encontrar las mejores prácticas y presentarlas para su potencial replica en otros módulos de justicia a fin de modernizar la tramitación de los procesos judiciales. A partir de la información de los colaboradores del juzgado se ha podido analizar las ventajas y desventajas del trabajo remoto. El contexto en el que se desarrolló este trabajo fue durante la declaración de pandemia pronunciada por la OMS, hecho que originó la dación de una serie de normas a fin de crear el marco legal que permita el desarrollo de las labores judiciales y sobre todo que éstas no se suspendan. Se propone que el trabajo remoto permanezca en el ámbito judicial, aunque se supere la pandemia. Dado que si bien, no hay la data suficiente aún para afirmar categóricamente sobre las ventajas, hay indicios de beneficios para el sistema, porque al haberse modificado algunos procesos se han hecho más modernos y eficientes y han reducido tiempos. Cabe resaltar que el trabajo remoto se encuentra alineado y es muy importante como medio para la transformación y digitalización del servicio judicial en el país.<br>This research will allow us to study, analyze and explore the effectiveness of remote work in the Peruvian judicial system, specifically in the Second Labour Court of the Peace in zone 01 of East Lima. Based on this experience we will seek to find the best practices and present them for potential replication in other justice modules in order to modernize the processing of judicial processes. From the information of the court collaborators we have been able to analyze the advantages and disadvantages of remote work. The context in which this work was developed was during the declaration of the pandemic by the WHO, which led to the creation of a series of norms to create the legal framework that allows the development of judicial work and, above all, to ensure that it is not suspended. It is proposed that the remote work remain in the judicial field, even if the pandemic is overcome. Although there is not enough data yet to categorically affirm the advantages, there are indications of benefits for the system, because as some processes have been modified they have become more modern and efficient and have reduced time. It should be noted that remote work is aligned and is very important as a mean for the transformation and digitalization of the judicial service in the country.<br>Trabajo de investigación
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Dempsey, Jennifer Camille. "Virtualizing the word| Expanding Walter Ong's theory of orality and literacy through a culture of virtuality." Thesis, Duquesne University, 2014. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=3615934.
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<p> This dissertation seeks to create a vision for virtuality culture through a theoretical expansion of Walter Ong's literacy and orality culture model. It investigates the ubiquitous and multimodal nature of the virtuality cultural phenomenon that is mediated by contemporary technology and not explained by pre-existing cultural conventions. Through examining the theoretical underpinnings of orality and literacy culture, the dissertation explores the cultural shift that is just beginning to restructure human consciousness through the ways that society is connecting, exploring and communicating. Further, this dissertation examines the contrasts between virtuality culture features and those related to traditional literacy and orality types, including the gap between the theory of secondary orality and virtuality culture. This dissertation also proposes three ways that contemporary technology creates human presence related to virtuality culture. Finally, this dissertation describes the broad implications for the evolution of virtuality culture in areas such as education, technology, literacy, philosophy, politics, linguistics, ethics, history, the arts and cultural studies.</p>
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Nazer, Nancy. "Operating virtually within a hierarchical framework, how a virtual organization really works." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 2001. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk3/ftp04/NQ58641.pdf.
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Füller, William, and Oona Heiska. "Born to work virtually? An exploration of digital natives and digital immigrants’ perceptions of organising the virtual workplace." Thesis, Jönköping University, Internationella Handelshögskolan, 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hj:diva-48608.
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Virtuality of work has become increasingly important in the modern work environment due to globalization and increased technological development. Further, the workforce being composed of digital natives and digital immigrants with varying levels of technical abilities might have implications on organising virtual work due to different perceptions. Therefore, the purpose of our study is to understand how and why digital natives and digital immigrants differ in their perceptions of organising virtual work. In order to gain understanding of this an exploratory, qualitative research design was chosen. Data was collected from ten digital immigrants and ten digital natives and then analysed with a content analysis. The results showed that there are many similarities as well as differences between the populations. Beyond the populations, the findings suggest that work values as well as the usage of ICTs influence how the challenges and opportunities of performing work virtually are perceived by the individuals. Further, these challenges and opportunities shape the perceptions regarding the organisation of virtual work. These findings advance research in the field of virtual work through discussing the differences in perceptions between the populations and beyond them through the conceptual model on how perceptions about organising virtual work are formed. Additionally, the findings can benefit managers to understand their employees better and therefore create better virtual work environments for the future.
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Gladys, Ann. "A phenomenological study of the lived experiences of employees who work virtually and their perceptions of leadership behaviors that create a successful virtual organization." Thesis, Pepperdine University, 2014. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=3619351.
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<p>Can virtual work simply be described as doing the same work in a different venue? Is the virtual workforce merely a construct of technology? Where does the virtual worker fit into the paradigm of telework? And how does leadership of the virtual workforce need to adapt to accomplishing work in a virtual environment? The fact is that the culture of virtual work has become increasingly rooted over the years. Most recently, economic struggles and the advanced technology associated with a global economy have set the stage for a more connected workforce in more disconnected venues. Virtual work offers distinct positives for organizations as well as employees. Employers save financially by reducing the costs associated with physical footprints, and employees save commute time as well as commute costs. While virtual organizations may appear to be a panacea for the economic and time complexities that beset employees and corporations, the success of the virtual workforce presents a viable challenge to leaders. Instead of leading less in a relatively anonymous environment, leaders need to alter their leadership behaviors to be able to lead more in the virtual workspace. Through a phenomenological study, the research herein was designed to explore and offer insights into leadership behaviors, from the vantage point of virtual workers, that positively or negatively influence the success of virtual organizations. The significance of this topic rests in the fact that leadership behaviors play a central role in defining the success of a virtual organization (Society for Human Resource Management, 2010). Hence, the purpose of this study is to explore the leadership behaviors that positively and negatively impact the success of a virtual organization. Using an analysis of research that defines the successful virtual organization as one that maintains metrics that are equal to or exceed in-office environments in terms of employee productivity, retention, attendance, development, and promotions, this study examines leadership behaviors from the vantage point of virtual workers. </p><p> <i>Keywords</i>: virtual workforce, telework, leadership traits, leadership behaviors, productivity, retention, attendance, training, employee promotions </p>
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Véras, Cassandra Carmo de Lima. "O sucesso do desemprego:as agências on-line e o emprego como mercadoria." Universidade Federal da Paraíba, 2008. http://tede.biblioteca.ufpb.br:8080/handle/tede/7340.
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Previous issue date: 2008-04-01<br>Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPES<br>This thesis deals with changes in the world of work and has as its main object of
analysis the social relationship among the on-line employment agencies (ONEAGs)
and their users, in Brazil. It s a study about the Information Technology impacts,
specifically the internet, with respect to the groups and individuals involved in the
work s reorganization turned a lucrative product. I will use post-modern theory as
opposed to denotative statements, merely descriptive, both in the analysis of the data
and in writing form. Alongside the quantitative analysis I will propose a critical of
the empirical data, based on a focus-post-modern discourse, introducing characters
(personages) and dialogues that will help to question the status of Science and its
legitimacy face contemporary social metamorphosis.<br>Esta tese trata das transformações no mundo do trabalho e tem como seu principal
objeto de análise as relações sociais entre as agências de emprego on-line
AGEONs, e seus usuários, no Brasil. É um estudo sobre a aplicação e o impacto das
tecnologias da informação, especificamente a internet, em relação aos envolvidos na
reorganização do trabalho, onde vagas de empregos se tornaram lucrativa
mercadoria. A teoria pós-moderna como contraposição aos enunciados denotativos,
meramente descritivos, tanto na análise dos dados como na escrita é o que se poderia
chamar de choque epistemológico . Paralelamente às análises quantitativas é
proposta a crítica aos dados empíricos, com base em um enfoque discursivo pósmoderno
com a introdução de personagens e diálogos que ajudaram a questionar o
status da ciência e sua legitimação diante das metamorfoses sociais na
contemporaneidade. Para tanto a Catho Online S/C foi utilizada como estudo de
caso.
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Sandström, Maria, and Matilda Elm. "Virtal Design and Construction : Hinder och drivkrafter i produktion." Thesis, Tekniska Högskolan, Högskolan i Jönköping, JTH, Byggnadsteknik, 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hj:diva-41151.
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Purpose: Low productivity, poor quality and rising costs are some of the problems within the building industry. These problems can be attributed to the complexity of the building industry, low digitisation and outdated ways to manage building projects. Virtual Design and Construction (VDC) is a way of working which can reduce these problems and lead to improvements and higher efficiency. VDC is used by several actors in the building industry, mainly during the design process but not so much during construction even though it would render an even bigger effect if used then as well. The aim of this study is therefore to investigate difficulties and incentives regarding implementation of VDC in construction. Method: This qualitative study is based on a literature study and a case study which provides good validity and reliability. The case study includes observations and interviews with personnel at two different building projects as well as a design process manager. Findings: Difficulties found in this study are the building industry´s high level of institutionalization, lack of information concerning the meaning of VDC and poor communication of the educations, guidelines and management documents that exists regarding the use of VDC. Further difficulties are the low level of VDC knowledge within the construction teams and compatibility issues and costs that may arise when introducing new technology. Among the incentives found are the way VDC contributes to a greater product through more thought-through solutions, increased understanding and increased involvement of all concerned. Using VDC leads to clearer communication, easier management and a better overview of projects and safer workplaces as risks are more easily detected. Another important incentive found is the positive attitude among the construction team members towards the use of VDC. Implications: The result of the study provides a basis for successful implementation of VDC in production. To overcome the difficulties noted, clear communication about what VDC is and how it is used is recommended, as well as designing management documents and developing and communicating VDC education to construction team members. It is also important to involve the staff in changes of work procedures, take notice of their opinions and to take advantage of their experience. Limitations: The result ought to be applicable to companies where VDC is used in the design process and that has similar ambitions as the company this study was carried out in cooperation with. Keywords: Virtual Design and Construction, building virtually, 3D-models, construction management, change in work-processes.<br>Syfte: Byggbranschen har problem med bland annat låg produktivitet, bristande kvalitet och stigande byggkostnader. Många av dessa problem kan härledas till branschens komplexitet, låga digitalisering och omoderna sätt att styra projekten. Virtual Design and Construction (VDC) är ett arbetssätt som kan minska dessa problem och leda till förbättringar och effektiviseringar. VDC används av flertalet aktörer i branschen men då till största delen under projekteringsfasen av ett projekt trots att det skulle ge ännu större effekt om det även användes under produktionen. Målet med detta arbete är därför att undersöka hinder och drivkrafter gällande införande av VDC i produktionen. Metod: Arbetet är en kvalitativ studie och bygger på en litteraturstudie och en fallstudie vilket ger god validitet och reliabilitet. Under fallstudien har observationer gjorts och semistrukturerade intervjuer har genomförts med personal från två olika projekt samt med en projekteringsledare. Resultat: Arbetet visar på hinder som byggbranschens höga grad av institutionalisering, bristande information om innebörden av VDC samt bristande kommunikation om de utbildningar, riktlinjer och styrdokument som finns kring VDC-användning i projekt. Andra hinder är den bristande kunskapen hos produktionspersonalen och de kompabilitetsproblem och kostnader som kan uppstå vid införandet av ny teknik. Drivkrafter som arbetet belyser är bland annat att VDC bidrar till en bättre slutprodukt genom mer genomtänkta lösningar, ökad förståelse och ökat engagemang av samtliga berörda. Att använda VDC leder till bättre och tydligare kommunikation, enklare styrning och bättre översikt av projekten och säkrare arbetsplatser då risker lättare upptäcks. En annan viktig drivkraft är de anställdas positiva attityd till VDC. Konsekvenser: Arbetets resultat ger förutsättningar för en lyckad implementering av VDC i produktionen. För att övervinna de hinder som uppmärksammats rekommenderas en tydlig kommunikation om vad VDC är och hur det ska användas, att styrdokument utformas och att VDC-utbildningar till produktionspersonalen vidareutvecklas och förmedlas. Det är även viktigt att involvera personalen i förändringsarbetet, ta hänsyn till deras åsikter och dra nytta av deras erfarenhet. Begränsningar: Resultatet bör vara tillämpbart på företag där VDC används i projekteringen och har liknande ambition som företaget arbetet utförts i samarbete med. Nyckelord: Virtual Design and Construction, virtuellt byggande, 3D-modeller, produktionsplanering, förändringsarbete.
Books on the topic "Virtuality of work"
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Christina, Garsten, and Wulff Helena, eds. New technologies at work: People, screens, and social virtuality. Berg, 2003.
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(Igorʹ), Gelʹbakh I., Gosudarstvennyĭ russkiĭ muzeĭ (Saint Petersburg, Russia), and Muzeĭ Li︠u︡dviga, eds. Leonid Lamm: From utopia to virtuality : works, 1946-2008. Palace Editions Europe, 2009.
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Paul, Joret, and Remael Aline, eds. Language and beyond : actuality and virtuality in the relations between word, image and sound =: Le language et ses au-dela : actualité et virtualité dans les rapports entre le verbe, l'image et le son. Rodopi, 1998.
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Bluemink, Johanna. Virtually face to face: Enriching collaborative learning through multiplayer games. University of Oulu, 2011.
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B, Carlile Janice, ed. Elementary school librarian's survival guide: Ready-to-use tips, techniques, and materials to help you save time and work in virtually every aspect of your job. Center for Applied Research in Education, 1993.
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The 10% solution for a healthy life: How to eliminate virtually all risk of heart disease and cancer. Crown Publishers, 1993.
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Samama, Leo. The Meaning of Music. Amsterdam University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.5117/9789089649799.
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For virtually all of our lives, we are surrounded by music. From lullabies to radio to the praises sung in houses of worship, we encounter music at home and in the street, during work and in our leisure time, and not infrequently at birth and death. But what is music, and what does it mean to humans? How do we process it, and how do we create it? Musician Leo Samama discusses these and many other questions while shaping a vibrant picture of music's importance in human lives both past and present. What is remarkable is that music is recognised almost universally as a type of language that we can use to wordlessly communicate. We can hardly shut ourselves off from music, and considering its primal role in our lives, it comes as no surprise that few would ever want to. Able to transverse borders and appeal to the most disparate of individuals, music is both a tool and a gift, and as Samama shows, a unifying thread running throughout the cultural history of mankind.
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Jacobi, Lauren, and Daniel Zolli, eds. Contamination and Purity in Early Modern Art and Architecture. Amsterdam University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.5117/9789462988699.
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The concepts of purity and contamination preoccupied early modern Europeans fundamentally, structuring virtually every aspect of their lives, not least how they created and experienced works of art and the built environment. In an era that saw a great number of objects and people in motion, the meteoric rise of new artistic and building technologies, and religious upheaval exert new pressures on art and its institutions, anxieties about the pure and the contaminated – distinctions between the clean and unclean, sameness and difference, self and other, organization and its absence – took on heightened importance. In this series of geographically and methodologically wide-ranging essays, thirteen leading historians of art and architecture grapple with the complex ways that early modern actors negotiated these concerns, covering topics as diverse as Michelangelo’s unfinished sculptures, Venetian plague hospitals, Spanish-Muslim tapestries, and emergency currency. The resulting volume offers surprising new insights into the period and into the modern disciplinary routines of art and architectural history.
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New Technologies at Work: People, Screens and Social Virtuality. Berg Publishers, 2004.
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New Technologies at Work: People, Screens and Social Virtuality. Taylor & Francis Group, 2020.
Find full textBook chapters on the topic "Virtuality of work"
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Chudoba, Katherine M., and Mary Beth Watson-Manheim. "Shared communication practices and mental models in the virtual work environment." In Exploring Virtuality Within and beyond Organizations. Palgrave Macmillan UK, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/9780230593978_3.
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Scheel, Tabea, and Christine Gockel. "Two Emerging Topics for Humor Research and Practice: Diversity and Virtuality." In Humor at Work in Teams, Leadership, Negotiations, Learning and Health. Springer International Publishing, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-65691-5_8.
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Blank, Andreas, Lukas Zikeli, Sebastian Reitelshöfer, Engin Karlidag, and Jörg Franke. "Augmented Virtuality Input Demonstration Refinement Improving Hybrid Manipulation Learning for Bin Picking." In Lecture Notes in Mechanical Engineering. Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-18326-3_32.
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AbstractBeyond conventional automated tasks, autonomous robot capabilities aside human cognitive skills are gaining importance in industrial applications. Although machine learning is a major enabler of autonomous robots, system adaptation remains challenging and time-consuming. The objective of this research work is to propose and evaluate an augmented virtuality-based input demonstration refinement method improving hybrid manipulation learning for industrial bin picking. To this end, deep reinforcement and imitation learning are combined to shorten required adaptation timespans to new components and changing scenarios. The method covers initial learning and dataset tuning during ramp-up as well as fault intervention and dataset refinement. For evaluation standard industrial components and systems serve within a real-world experimental bin picking setup utilizing an articulated robot. As part of the quantitative evaluation, the method is benchmarked against conventional learning methods. As a result, required annotation efforts for successful object grasping are reduced. Thereby, final grasping success rates are increased. Implementation samples are available on: https://github.com/FAU-FAPS/hybrid_manipulationlearning_unity3dros
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Hallett, Charles A., and Elaine S. Hallett. "“More Virtually does Shakespeare’s Work for him”: Dogmas of the “More Myth”." In The Artistic Links Between William Shakespeare and Sir Thomas More. Palgrave Macmillan US, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/9780230119529_1.
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Olivier, Hannes, and Niels Pinkwart. "Does “Virtually Being There” Help? Comparing Collaborative Work between 3D and 2D Conditions." In Lecture Notes in Computer Science. Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-23801-7_8.
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Eckmann, Beno. "Some Recent Developments in the Homology Theory of Groups (Groups of Finite and Virtually Finite Dimension)." In Springer Collected Works in Mathematics. Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-37339-8_55.
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Hentschke, Guilbert C. "Monetizing and Growing the Assets of Higher Education Institutions." In International Experience in Developing the Financial Resources of Universities. Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-78893-3_2.
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AbstractMonetizing assets of higher education institutions (HEIs) includes virtually all that a HEI can work with to improve itself. This perspective represents a newer, broader (still slightly controversial) view of assets that includes people
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Decher, Reiner. "Pressure: The Bernoulli Principle and Flow Energy Conservation." In The Vortex and The Jet. Springer Singapore, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-16-8028-1_5.
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AbstractThe relation between descriptive variables of flowing air, pressure and the like, and the dynamic field, speeds or velocities, are often invoked for their understanding. Such relationships depend on whether the flow is compressible or not. When it is, physical work done by air elements on one another, become important. This chapter, virtually devoid of illuminating images, nevertheless sheds light on how to think about air flows in general and how to deduce the local pressures from knowledge of the flow field.
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Akhilesh, K. B., C. V. Sindhuja, and Simran K. Kahai. "Extending Role of “I” Virtually – Identity Performance and Their Influence on Individual Behaviour and Team Performance in Globally Distributed Work Virtual Teams." In Cross-Cultural Design. Cultural Differences in Everyday Life. Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-39137-8_21.
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Liebhold, Andrew M., Faith T. Campbell, Doria R. Gordon, et al. "The Role of International Cooperation in Invasive Species Research." In Invasive Species in Forests and Rangelands of the United States. Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-45367-1_13.
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AbstractThe root cause of the biological invasion problem is globalization, which has facilitated the planet-wide breakdown of biogeographic barriers to species migration (Mooney and Hobbs 2000). In order to understand and manage the problem, coordination on a global scale is essential, and international cooperation among affected countries as well as with countries of pest origin must therefore play a critical role in virtually all aspects of research on biological invasions (Chornesky et al. 2005; McNeely et al. 2001; Perrings et al. 2010; Wingfield et al. 2015). Here we discuss key aspects of research on biological invasions, where international collaboration and coordination are important, and what infrastructures play a role in this work.
Conference papers on the topic "Virtuality of work"
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Martens, Bob, and Ziga Turk. "Work in Progress on CUMINCAD." In ACADIA 2000: Eternity, Infinity, and Virtuality. ACADIA, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.52842/conf.acadia.2000.025.
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Martens, Bob, and Ziga Turk. "Work in Progress on CUMINCAD." In ACADIA 2000: Eternity, Infinity, and Virtuality. ACADIA, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.52842/conf.acadia.2000.025.
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Betancourth, Carlos H. "Virtuality, Architecture, and the Question of Control." In 1995 ACSA International Conference. ACSA Press, 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.35483/acsa.intl.1995.65.
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I would discuss Electronic Environments in relation to the theme of the Conference, namely, "Defining The Urban Condition: Accelerating Change in The Geography of Power". In so doing, I will refer this discussion to design and architecture. In order to do this, I will look at the implications of Virtuality and Virtual Spaces for organizations in which Information, is the main raw-material of work. Since design maybe one of these organizations, I hope this will be of relevance to design organizations. I will read the implications of virtuality for such organizations by looking at the structure of virtual space. Next, I will deal with the implications of virtuality for both, the concept of space and architecture. I will then derive the main limitations of virtuality from its effects on space. I will also try to see how these consequences of virtuality on space and architecture may cause us to re-think what we mean by an Organization. I will then suggest ways by means of which "electronic environments" can help us to overcome the limitations of virtuality. I will end with some comments on some of the main limitations of this electronic environments.
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Peicheva, Dobrinka, Valentina Milenkova, Dilyana Keranova, Vladislava Lendzhova, and Violeta Nikolova. "Virtuality and Reality. The Digitalization of Societies and the Possible Consequences." In Intelligent Human Systems Integration (IHSI 2022) Integrating People and Intelligent Systems. AHFE International, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.54941/ahfe100987.
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The spread of the internet - the brightest symbol of digitalization and the introduction of newer and newer digital tools is turning its back on analog development. The internet has developed into a giant digital network, which has caused comprehensive transformations in the work environment, the created products, the interpersonal contacts, and the competitive relations of the organizations. Their double being and positioning - in the realities of the internet and physical reality brought out an abundance of critical scientific topics - the consequences of mixing realities and spaces, the trust in digital information, the directions of digital and analog developments, the educational effects. Some of the defended ideas are based on a sociological survey conducted by the authors, and others on the analytical rethinking of the prevailing theoretical achievements. The thesis is launched that analog and digital developments should be interconnected.
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Horva´th, Imre, Zolta´n Rusa´k, Bram de Smit, Adrie Kooijman, and Eliab Z. Opiyo. "From Virtual Reality to Tangible Virtuality: An Inventory of the Technological Challenges." In ASME-AFM 2009 World Conference on Innovative Virtual Reality. ASMEDC, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/winvr2009-720.
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The paradigm of tangible virtuality (TV) has grown out from the paradigm of virtual reality (VR), leaving some key concepts of projective and immersive VR behind, but introducing many new ones. The ultimate objective of TV is to intuitively generate air-borne synthetic objects (SOs), share them between remote work environments in real time, simulate their physical behavior, and enable a physics-obeying interaction of humans with SOs. The major challenges for the implementation of TV originate in the need for multi-sensory integral rendering of SOs and un-instrumented generation of high fidelity sensations. These scientific and technological challenges have a strong influence on the current advancement of TV. Actually, implementation of fully featured TV environments is still in its infancy. The goal of this paper is to analyze the main implementation concepts and to make an inventory of the technological challenges and opportunities. Six major issues have been identified: (i) use of natural interaction modalities to express SOs, (ii) multi-aspect (e.g., tactile, haptic and auditory) volumetric rendering and sensation of air-borne SOs, (iii) simulation of physical behavior of interacting SOs, and (iv) manipulative human interaction with SOs. The paper investigates the opportunities of a short-term implementation based on the current technologies and of a near-future implementation based on emerging and anticipated technologies. The conclusion is that current technologies allow only a limited implementation of SOs and a low fidelity multi-sensorial experience. For a full scale implementation, radically new technologies and implementation concepts are needed, but it also requires a goal-driven extension of the existing scientific knowledge.
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Chan, Chiu-Shui. "Evaluating the Cognition in a Work Space Virtually." In CAADRIA 2007: Digitization and Globalization. CAADRIA, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.52842/conf.caadria.2007.x.v8d.
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Lin, Grier. "Beyond the Collaborative Technology: Making Beautiful Dreams Come True Virtually." In 2007 11th International Conference on Computer Supported Cooperative Work in Design. IEEE, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/cscwd.2007.4281398.
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Lopez Frasca, Stella, Federico Soriano Pelaez, and Ana Laura Castillo. "Superorganismo." In Jornadas sobre Innovación Docente en Arquitectura (JIDA). Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya. Iniciativa Digital Politècnica, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.5821/jida.2022.11670.
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The year 2020 was marked by virtuality, a situation derived from the pandemic caused by the Covid-19 virus. This situation brought with it an infinity of structural problems in terms of the digital and spatial divide. From the shared experience, it was sought to achieve a dynamic collaborative activity where the differences and cultural coincidences of two academic units from two continents (Europe and South America) were able to achieve a synergy that would enhance critical thinking. During this linking experience, the question arose if information technology produces mutations in the Design Process. This new paradigm has had implications not only in the practice of architecture, but also in its teaching. In this way, mixed work cells were created, presenting a unique architectural project. The interchangeable corrections were closed with qualifications through the disappearance of limits and borders, and the combination in a single teaching entity. El año 2020 estuvo marcado por la virtualidad, situación derivada por la pandemia originada por el virus Covid-19. Esta situación trajo aparejados infinidad de problemas estructurales en cuanto a la brecha digital y espacial. De la experiencia compartida se buscó lograr una actividad dinámica colaborativa donde las diferencias y coincidencias culturales de dos unidades académicas de dos continentes (Europa y América del Sur) pudieron lograr una sinergia que potenciara el pensamiento crítico. Durante esta experiencia de vinculación surgió la pregunta si la tecnología de la información produce mutaciones en el Proceso Proyectual. Este nuevo paradigma ha tenido implicancia no sólo en la práctica de la arquitectura, sino también en su enseñanza. De esta manera se constituyeron células de trabajo mixtas presentando un proyecto arquitectónico único. Las correcciones intercambiables se cerraron con calificaciones a través de la desaparición de límites y fronteras, y de la combinación en una sola entidad docente.
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Haeck, Wim, N. Gibson, A. C. Kahler, C. Josey, M. Staley, and J. L. Conlin. "NJOY work in FY21 [Slides]." In Nuclear Criticality Safety Program (NCSP) Technical Program Review 2022, Held Virtually, Oak Ridge, TN (United States), 15-17 Feb 2022. US DOE, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1885989.
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Clarity, Justin, Riley Cumberland, and Mathieu Dupont. "FY 21 ORNL Integral Experiment Work [Slides]." In Nuclear Criticality Safety Program (NCSP) Technical Program Review 2022, Held Virtually, Oak Ridge, TN (United States), 15-17 Feb 2022. US DOE, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1886365.
Full textReports on the topic "Virtuality of work"
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Panchenko, Liubov F., Tetiana A. Vakaliuk, and Kateryna V. Vlasenko. Augmented reality books: concepts, typology, tools. [б. в.], 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.31812/123456789/4414.
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The article discussed the usage of augmented reality books in educational process. The object of research is augmented reality books. The subject of the study is the concepts and classification of augmented reality books; digital story making tools that emphasize child-teacher co-operation; difficulties in augmented reality using. The methods of research are: the analysis of publications about the issue; the analysis of digital tools capabilities; systematization and generalization of research information. In the article the facet classification for augmented books is proposed; the main facets are: reality- virtuality continuum, type of augmented materials, device types, type of interaction, spatial space of book, book’s category. Content for a module of a specialty course about augmented reality books for the system of professional training and retraining for educators in postgraduate education is discussed. Some samples of tasks for educators are presented: audio augmented book about world’s books monuments; analysis augmented reality examples in the textbook of the New Ukrainian school (subject name, topic, didactic tasks, quality of implementation, directions of expansion etc.), search and analysis augmented books according to the professional interests of the educators; discussion how augmented reality can help to improve student motivation with accent to attention, relevance, confidence and satisfaction; group work about design and creation a fragment of own textbook with augmented reality.
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Zinonos, Natalya O., Elena V. Vihrova, and Andrey V. Pikilnyak. Prospects of Using the Augmented Reality for Training Foreign Students at the Preparatory Departments of Universities in Ukraine. CEUR-WS.org, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.31812/123456789/2657.
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The purpose of the study is to highlight the potential and the prospects of using the augmented reality in the mathematical education for foreign students at the preparatory departments of universities. Objectives of the study: to determine the peculiarities of the virtualization of the training of foreign students at the preparatory departments of universities, as well as the possibilities of using the technology of complementary reality in the teaching of mathematics. Object of research: a virtually oriented educational environment of foreign students at the preparatory departments of universities. Subject of research: virtualization of learning with the augmented reality of mathematical education of foreign students at the preparatory departments of universities. Used research methods: theoretical – analysis of scientific and methodological literature; empirical-study, observation of the educational process. Results of the research: on the basis of the analysis of scientific publications, the notion of virtualization of education and the virtually oriented educational environment of foreign students at the preparatory departments of higher educational institutions is described. The main conclusions and recommendations: 1) the article outlines the possibilities and prospects of using the augmented reality in the mathematical education for foreign students at the preparatory departments of universities; 2) the considering the various targets of mobile applications, which are used in solving mathematical problems, as well as analysis of the characteristics of various practical achievements of using the augmented reality in the mathematical preparation for foreign students at the preparatory departments of universities, it is planned to devote a separate work.
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Saptsin, Vladimir, and Володимир Миколайович Соловйов. Relativistic quantum econophysics – new paradigms in complex systems modelling. [б.в.], 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.31812/0564/1134.
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This work deals with the new, relativistic direction in quantum econophysics, within the bounds of which a change of the classical paradigms in mathematical modelling of socio-economic system is offered. Classical physics proceeds from the hypothesis that immediate values of all the physical quantities, characterizing system’s state, exist and can be accurately measured in principle. Non-relativistic quantum mechanics does not reject the existence of the immediate values of the classical physical quantities, nevertheless not each of them can be simultaneously measured (the uncertainty principle). Relativistic quantum mechanics rejects the existence of the immediate values of any physical quantity in principle, and consequently the notion of the system state, including the notion of the wave function, which becomes rigorously nondefinable. The task of this work consists in econophysical analysis of the conceptual fundamentals and mathematical apparatus of the classical physics, relativity theory, non-relativistic and relativistic quantum mechanics, subject to the historical, psychological and philosophical aspects and modern state of the socio-economic modeling problem. We have shown that actually and, virtually, a long time ago, new paradigms of modeling were accepted in the quantum theory, within the bounds of which the notion of the physical quantity operator becomes the primary fundamental conception(operator is a mathematical image of the procedure, the action), description of the system dynamics becomes discrete and approximate in its essence, prediction of the future, even in the rough, is actually impossible when setting aside the aftereffect i.e. the memory. In consideration of the analysis conducted in the work we suggest new paradigms of the economical-mathematical modeling.
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McInerney, Michael K., and John M. Carlyle. : Demonstration of Acoustic Sensing Techniques for Fuel-Distribution System Condition Monitoring : Final Report on Project F07-AR07. Engineer Research and Developmenter Center (U.S.), 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.21079/11681/39560.
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Leaks in fuel storage tanks and distribution piping systems have been identified as a mission-critical problem by the Department of Defense and the U.S. Army. Fuel system leaks are often hard to locate and virtually inaccessible for efficient repair because the piping is often installed under a concrete pad or tarmac. Leak repair could cost up to $2,000, and the cost of cleanup and re-mediation for fuel spills can exceed $50,000. In this project an acoustic remote sensing system was installed to monitor an Army heliport refueling system to determine whether it could detect and accurately locate fuel leaks using computer software technolo-gies to distinguish acoustic leakage signatures from normal fuel system operational noise. Demonstration and validation efforts were disadvantaged by the fact that no fuel leaks occurred in the monitored system for the duration of the project. However, the monitoring system did identify several unusual acoustic events within the fueling system and interpret them as indications of intermittent malfunctions of a check valve and a fuel pump. The 30-year ROI is about 6.42. Further work is required before the technology can be fully implemented: its ability to detect fluid leaks must be proven, and the system specifications must be certified through an EPA third party.
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Vreeland, Heidi, Christina Norris, Lauren Shum, et al. Collaborative Efforts to Investigate Emissions From Residential and Municipal Trash Burning in India. RTI Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.3768/rtipress.2018.rb.0019.1809.
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Emissions from trash burning represent an important component of regional air quality, especially in countries such as India where the practice of roadside, residential, and municipal trash burning is highly prevalent. However, research on trash emissions is limited due to difficulties associated with measuring a source that varies widely in composition and burning characteristics. To investigate trash burning in India, a collaborative program was formed among RTI, Duke University, and the India Institute of Technology (IIT) in Gandhinagar, involving both senior researchers and students. In addition to researching emission measurement techniques, this program aimed to foster international partnerships and provide students with a hands-on educational experience, culminating in a pilot study in India. Before traveling, students from Duke and IIT met virtually to design experiments. IIT students were able to visit proposed sites and offer specified knowledge on burning practices prior to the pilot study, allowing potential experiments to be iteratively improved. The results demonstrated a proof of concept of using a low-cost sensor attached to a commercial drone to measure emissions from a municipal dump site. In addition, for small-scale residential and roadside trash burning, a combustor was designed to burn trash in a consistent way. Results suggested that thermocouples and low-cost sensors may offer an affordable way for combustor designers to assess particulate emissions during prototype iterations. More experiences like this should be made available so that future research can benefit from the unique insights that come from having veteran researchers work with students and from forming international partnerships.
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Adegoke, Damilola, Natasha Chilambo, Adeoti Dipeolu, Ibrahim Machina, Ade Obafemi-Olopade, and Dolapo Yusuf. Public discourses and Engagement on Governance of Covid-19 in Ekiti State, Nigeria. African Leadership Center, King's College London, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.47697/lab.202101.
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Numerous studies have emerged so far on Covid-19 (SARS-CoV-2) across different disciplines. There is virtually no facet of human experience and relationships that have not been studied. In Nigeria, these studies include knowledge and attitude, risk perception, public perception of Covid-19 management, e-learning, palliatives, precautionary behaviours etc.,, Studies have also been carried out on public framing of Covid-19 discourses in Nigeria; these have explored both offline and online messaging and issues from the perspectives of citizens towards government’s policy responses such as palliative distributions, social distancing and lockdown. The investigators of these thematic concerns deployed different methodological tools in their studies. These tools include policy evaluations, content analysis, sentiment analysis, discourse analysis, survey questionnaires, focus group discussions, in depth-interviews as well as machine learning., These studies nearly always focus on the national government policy response, with little or no focus on the constituent states. In many of the studies, the researchers work with newspaper articles for analysis of public opinions while others use social media generated contents such as tweets) as sources for analysis of sentiments and opinions. Although there are others who rely on the use of survey questionnaires and other tools outlined above; the limitations of these approaches necessitated the research plan adopted by this study. Most of the social media users in Nigeria are domiciled in cities and their demography comprises the middle class (socio-economic) who are more likely to be literate with access to internet technologies. Hence, the opinions of a majority of the population who are most likely rural dwellers with limited access to internet technologies are very often excluded. This is not in any way to disparage social media content analysis findings; because the opinions expressed by opinion leaders usually represent the larger subset of opinions prevalent in the society. Analysing public perception using questionnaires is also fraught with its challenges, as well as reliance on newspaper articles. A lot of the newspapers and news media organisations in Nigeria are politically hinged; some of them have active politicians and their associates as their proprietors. Getting unbiased opinions from these sources might be difficult. The news articles are also most likely to reflect and amplify official positions through press releases and interviews which usually privilege elite actors. These gaps motivated this collaboration between Ekiti State Government and the African Leadership Centre at King’s College London to embark on research that will primarily assess public perceptions of government leadership response to Covid-19 in Ekiti State. The timeframe of the study covers the first phase of the pandemic in Ekiti State (March/April to August 2020).
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Shani, Uri, Lynn Dudley, Alon Ben-Gal, Menachem Moshelion, and Yajun Wu. Root Conductance, Root-soil Interface Water Potential, Water and Ion Channel Function, and Tissue Expression Profile as Affected by Environmental Conditions. United States Department of Agriculture, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2007.7592119.bard.
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Constraints on water resources and the environment necessitate more efficient use of water. The key to efficient management is an understanding of the physical and physiological processes occurring in the soil-root hydraulic continuum.While both soil and plant leaf water potentials are well understood, modeled and measured, the root-soil interface where actual uptake processes occur has not been sufficiently studied. The water potential at the root-soil interface (yᵣₒₒₜ), determined by environmental conditions and by soil and plant hydraulic properties, serves as a boundary value in soil and plant uptake equations. In this work, we propose to 1) refine and implement a method for measuring yᵣₒₒₜ; 2) measure yᵣₒₒₜ, water uptake and root hydraulic conductivity for wild type tomato and Arabidopsis under varied q, K⁺, Na⁺ and Cl⁻ levels in the root zone; 3) verify the role of MIPs and ion channels response to q, K⁺ and Na⁺ levels in Arabidopsis and tomato; 4) study the relationships between yᵣₒₒₜ and root hydraulic conductivity for various crops representing important botanical and agricultural species, under conditions of varying soil types, water contents and salinity; and 5) integrate the above to water uptake term(s) to be implemented in models. We have made significant progress toward establishing the efficacy of the emittensiometer and on the molecular biology studies. We have added an additional method for measuring ψᵣₒₒₜ. High-frequency water application through the water source while the plant emerges and becomes established encourages roots to develop towards and into the water source itself. The yᵣₒₒₜ and yₛₒᵢₗ values reflected wetting and drying processes in the rhizosphere and in the bulk soil. Thus, yᵣₒₒₜ can be manipulated by changing irrigation level and frequency. An important and surprising finding resulting from the current research is the obtained yᵣₒₒₜ value. The yᵣₒₒₜ measured using the three different methods: emittensiometer, micro-tensiometer and MRI imaging in both sunflower, tomato and corn plants fell in the same range and were higher by one to three orders of magnitude from the values of -600 to -15,000 cm suggested in the literature. We have added additional information on the regulation of aquaporins and transporters at the transcript and protein levels, particularly under stress. Our preliminary results show that overexpression of one aquaporin gene in tomato dramatically increases its transpiration level (unpublished results). Based on this information, we started screening mutants for other aquaporin genes. During the feasibility testing year, we identified homozygous mutants for eight aquaporin genes, including six mutants for five of the PIP2 genes. Including the homozygous mutants directly available at the ABRC seed stock center, we now have mutants for 11 of the 19 aquaporin genes of interest. Currently, we are screening mutants for other aquaporin genes and ion transporter genes. Understanding plant water uptake under stress is essential for the further advancement of molecular plant stress tolerance work as well as for efficient use of water in agriculture. Virtually all of Israel’s agriculture and about 40% of US agriculture is made possible by irrigation. Both countries face increasing risk of water shortages as urban requirements grow. Both countries will have to find methods of protecting the soil resource while conserving water resources—goals that appear to be in direct conflict. The climate-plant-soil-water system is nonlinear with many feedback mechanisms. Conceptual plant uptake and growth models and mechanism-based computer-simulation models will be valuable tools in developing irrigation regimes and methods that maximize the efficiency of agricultural water. This proposal will contribute to the development of these models by providing critical information on water extraction by the plant that will result in improved predictions of both water requirements and crop yields. Plant water use and plant response to environmental conditions cannot possibly be understood by using the tools and language of a single scientific discipline. This proposal links the disciplines of soil physics and soil physical chemistry with plant physiology and molecular biology in order to correctly treat and understand the soil-plant interface in terms of integrated comprehension. Results from the project will contribute to a mechanistic understanding of the SPAC and will inspire continued multidisciplinary research.
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Morrison, Mark, Joshuah Miron, Edward A. Bayer, and Raphael Lamed. Molecular Analysis of Cellulosome Organization in Ruminococcus Albus and Fibrobacter Intestinalis for Optimization of Fiber Digestibility in Ruminants. United States Department of Agriculture, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2004.7586475.bard.
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Improving plant cell wall (fiber) degradation remains one of the highest priority research goals for all ruminant enterprises dependent on forages, hay, silage, or other fibrous byproducts as energy sources, because it governs the provision of energy-yielding nutrients to the host animal. Although the predominant species of microbes responsible for ruminal fiber degradation are culturable, the enzymology and genetics underpinning the process are poorly defined. In that context, there were two broad objectives for this proposal. The first objective was to identify the key cellulosomal components in Ruminococcus albus and to characterize their structural features as well as regulation of their expression, in response to polysaccharides and (or) P AA/PPA. The second objective was to evaluate the similarities in the structure and architecture of cellulosomal components between R. albus and other ruminal and non-ruminal cellulolytic bacteria. The cooperation among the investigators resulted in the identification of two glycoside hydrolases rate-limiting to cellulose degradation by Ruminococcus albus (Cel48A and CeI9B) and our demonstration that these enzymes possess a novel modular architecture specific to this bacterium (Devillard et al. 2004). We have now shown that the novel X-domains in Cel48A and Cel9B represent a new type of carbohydrate binding module, and the enzymes are not part of a ceiluiosome-like complex (CBM37, Xu et al. 2004). Both Cel48A and Cel9B are conditionally expressed in response to P AA/PPA, explaining why cellulose degradation in this bacterium is affected by the availability of these compounds, but additional studies have shown for the first time that neither PAA nor PPA influence xylan degradation by R. albus (Reveneau et al. 2003). Additionally, the R. albus genome sequencing project, led by the PI. Morrison, has supported our identification of many dockerin containing proteins. However, the identification of gene(s) encoding a scaffoldin has been more elusive, and recombinant proteins encoding candidate cohesin modules are now being used in Israel to verify the existence of dockerin-cohesin interactions and cellulosome production by R. albus. The Israeli partners have also conducted virtually all of the studies specific to the second Objective of the proposal. Comparative blotting studies have been conducted using specific antibodies prepare against purified recombinant cohesins and X-domains, derived from cellulosomal scaffoldins of R. flavefaciens 17, a Clostridium thermocellum mutant-preabsorbed antibody preparation, or against CbpC (fimbrial protein) of R. albus 8. The data also suggest that additional cellulolytic bacteria including Fibrobacter succinogenes S85, F. intestinalis DR7 and Butyrivibrio fibrisolvens Dl may also employ cellulosomal modules similar to those of R. flavefaciens 17. Collectively, our work during the grant period has shown that R. albus and other ruminal bacteria employ several novel mechanisms for their adhesion to plant surfaces, and produce both cellulosomal and non-cellulosomal forms of glycoside hydrolases underpinning plant fiber degradation. These improvements in our mechanistic understanding of bacterial adhesion and enzyme regulation now offers the potential to: i) optimize ruminal and hindgut conditions by dietary additives to maximize fiber degradation (e.g. by the addition of select enzymes or PAA/PPA); ii) identify plant-borne influences on adhesion and fiber-degradation, which might be overcome (or improved) by conventional breeding or transgenic plant technologies and; iii) engineer or select microbes with improved adhesion capabilities, cellulosome assembly and fiber degradation. The potential benefits associated with this research proposal are likely to be realized in the medium term (5-10 years).
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Office of Anticorruption and Integrity Annual Report 2021. Asian Development Bank, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.22617/arm220160-2.
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The Office of Anticorruption and Integrity (OAI) leads the Asian Development Bank’s integrity initiatives by conducting investigations, proactive integrity reviews, integrity due diligence, and knowledge-sharing and collaboration. The coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic continued to impact OAI’s operations in 2021. With significant restrictions still in place at the time, this annual report outlines the initiatives deployed by OAI personnel while predominantly working from home and conducting most prevention and investigation work virtually. It shows how OAI used technology and continued to collaborate with colleagues from ADB resident missions and external experts to assist where in-country work was necessary.
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Office of Anticorruption and Integrity Annual Report 2021. Asian Development Bank, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.22617/arm220160-2.
Full textAbstract:
The Office of Anticorruption and Integrity (OAI) leads the Asian Development Bank’s integrity initiatives by conducting investigations, proactive integrity reviews, integrity due diligence, and knowledge-sharing and collaboration. The coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic continued to impact OAI’s operations in 2021. With significant restrictions still in place at the time, this annual report outlines the initiatives deployed by OAI personnel while predominantly working from home and conducting most prevention and investigation work virtually. It shows how OAI used technology and continued to collaborate with colleagues from ADB resident missions and external experts to assist where in-country work was necessary.