Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Virus d'hépatite B (VHB)'
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Wu, Yuanfei. "Pathogenèse moléculaire du carcinome hépatocellulaire : rôle de facteurs viraux et mécanismes génétiques." Paris 7, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003PA077191.
Full textThermet, Séverine. "Étude moléculaire et biologique de variants du VHB." Lyon 1, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006LYO10139.
Full textTisne, Bertrand. "Dermatopolymyosite, VIH, VHB et corticothérapie au long cours." Bordeaux 2, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988BOR25408.
Full textGheit, Tarik. "Mise en place d'un nouveau modèle primate pour l'étude du VHB." Lyon 1, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004LYO10050.
Full textGautier, Nicolas. "Contribution de la vaccination spécifique chez les patients atteints d'hépatite virale B chronique active : à propos d'un cas." Bordeaux 2, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999BOR2M164.
Full textSoussan, Patrick. "Virus de l'hepatite b (vhb) et variabilite genetique : etude de la variabilite genetique du vhb apres vaccinotherapie de porteurs chroniques du vhb. role d'un arn episse du vhb sur la persistance virale." Paris 7, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001PA077051.
Full textKhamduang, Woottichai. "Analyse des mutants du virus de l'hépatite B (VHB) chez des patients co-infectés par le VIH et le VHB en Thaïlande." Thesis, Tours, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011TOUR3317/document.
Full textThailand is an endemic area for chronic HBV infection. Despite implementation of HBV vaccination, perinatal HBV transmission remains a major cause of chronic infection. This study aimed at identifying HBV mutants that may be associated with vaccine failure, misdiagnosis of chronic HBV infection and antiviral treatment failure. The dissertation is divided in three parts. In the first part, we analyzed the prevalence of perinatal HBV transmission in a large HIV prevention cohort in Thailand and characterized the HBV vaccine escape mutants. Among 3,349 HIV-infected pregnant women, 7% were found HBsAg positive. Eleven children born to HBsAg-positive mother were found HBsAg-positive at 2–18 months of age. Complete series of samples were available for 9 mother-child pairs. Based on direct sequencing and cloning analysis, 3 patterns of transmission were observed : i) transmission of wild-type variants from mothers with high HBV DNA level, ii) transmission of maternal minor variant and iii) transmission of variants already present in maternal blood samples. The capacity of HBV variants to escape from anti-HBs neutralization in vitro will be further studied using HBV-pseudoviral particles harboring the characterized mutations
Mrani, Saad. "Caractérisation moléculaire des infections à VHB occultes au cours des hépatites C chroniques." Lyon 1, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007LYO10064.
Full textOccult Hepatitis B infection (HBV), defined by HBV DNA positivity in absence of HBsAg in the serum was found in 30% of hepatitis of unknown aetiology and frequently among HCV chronic carriers. In order to better understand how HBV escape to diagnosis tests and determine the consequences of this co-infection on HCV chronic infection, we analyzed by ultra sensitive molecular tests developed in the lab, serum samples from 203 HCV chronic carriers before any antiviral treatment. The results from this first study showed that occult HBV infection frequency could reach 20% in France and that occult HBV infection may worsen the course of HCV infection being associated to a bad response to antiviral therapy and aggravation of liver disease. In order to perform the molecular characterization of hepatitis B viruses in cases of occult HBV infections, the whole HBV genome was amplified by a new technique developed in the lab, named Rolling Cycle Amplification (RCA), cloned and sequenced in a HCV transplanted case. The analysis of the cloned sequences did not show the presence of any of the known mutations in the viral genome that may explain HBsAg negativity. Our results suggest, on one hand, the implication of other factors in the suppression of the HBV replication and altered expression of HBV, on the other hand, the importance of extra hepatic sites of HBV replication during occult HBV infections, since it was able to persist after liver transplantation. Our work emphasise the need to develop new diagnostic and therapeutic tools in the case of occult HBV infections especially during co-infection with HCV
Baginski, Isabelle. "Apport de l'amplification moléculaire à l'étude de la biologie du virus de l'hépatite B humaine (VHB)." Aix-Marseille 2, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991AIX22060.
Full textBayard, Florence. "Etude des réponses cellulaires T spécifiques de la protéine hepatitis B spliced-generated protein (HBSP) du virus de l'hépatite B (VHB) et caractérisation de nouveaux épitopes du VHB." Paris 7, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009PA077089.
Full textChronic HBV infection remains a Worldwide health problem, as 400 million people are chronic HBV-carriers. Detection of antibodies against the recently identified "Hepatitis B spliced-generated protein" (HBSP) in 30% of HBV chronic carriers has been related to the severity of fîbrosis. This suggests a possible role of HBSP-specific T cell immune response in fibrogenesis. We first studied the HBSP-specific T cell immune response in HLA-A2 and HLArB7:transgenic mice immunized with HBSP-encoding vectors. Several epitopes activated CD8 T cell responses in immunized mice. Then, we showed that these epitopes were efficiently processed and recognized by T cells from HBV chronic carriers. We are currently investigating the possible link of these immune responses with severe fibrosis and/or viral replication by exploring the HBSP-specific T cell immune response/in patients with different clinical settings. In a second part, we studied the helper potential of two HLA-DRl-restricted epitopes derived from HBV. Invariant chain of our vectors allowed efficient transport and processing of HLA-DR1 epitopes. These epitopes efficiently helped to develop a polyfunctional CD8 T cell response specific for HBV envelope. Ail the epitopes described here are strong activators of CD8 and/or CD4 T cell immune responses. They could be included in polyepitopic DNA vaccine constructs to increase the cellular responses primed by such vaccines. Moreover, if HBSP-specific T cell responses are correlated with outcome of disease, it could have a great clinical impact, for example to develop a diagnostic tool for fibrosis progression
Loirat, Delphine. "Rupture de la tolérance à l'antigène de surface du virus de l'hépatite B par l'immunisation génétique : modèle d'étude pour l'immunothérapie des hépatites B chroniques." Paris 7, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001PA077215.
Full textDessolin, Jean. "Synthèse et évaluation des propriétés antivirales (VIH et VHB) de conjugués polyazamacrocycle-nucléoside et bis-polyazamacrocycle-nucléoside." Aix-Marseille 2, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998AIX22105.
Full textMichel, Marie. "Développement d'une nouvelle stratégie vaccinale bivalente anti-VIH-1 et anti-VHB dans les plantes transgéniques." Paris 5, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007PA05D008.
Full textA fusion protein formed by an HIV-1 polyepitope restricted to the HLA*A2. 01 allele combined to HBV HBsAg has been optimized to obtain virus like particles (VLP) production in vitro and in vivo. An expression plasmid of the fusion protein has been used for DNA vaccination of humanized transgenic mice. This immunization induced gamma interferon-producing CD8+ T cells and anti-HIV-1 cytotoxic T lymphocytes as well as anti-VHB antibody production. The new developments in plant biotechnology allowed the production in plant of vaccines against HBV that can be administrated by ingestion. In order to experiment this strategy for HIV-1, the fusion protein gene has been inserted into the genome of Nicotiana tabacum and Arabidopsis thaliana. We were able to show the stable expression of VLP in these plants. Finally, the analysis of the first generation of tobacco-plants obtained by sexual reproduction showed the conservation of the fusion protein gene as well as the VLP production
Causse, Xavier. "Interet de l'adn polymerase du virus de l'hepatite b dans l'evaluation therapeutique des hepatites chroniques a vhb seul." Lyon 1, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988LYO1M125.
Full textPeltekian, Cécile. "Activité antivirale de la protéine MxA contre le virus de l'hépatite B." Paris 7, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004PA077139.
Full textPizarro, Juan Carlos. "Etudes structurales des interactions anticorps-antigene de la region pres du virus de l'hepatite b (vhb)." Paris 11, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001PA112199.
Full textSAURIN, JEAN-CHRISTOPHE. "Hepatocarcinome et infection par le virus vhb : etude de l'expression d'oncogenes dans un modele animal, la marmotte." Lyon 1, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993LYO1M143.
Full textFARZA, HEND. "Expression des genes du virus humain de l'hepatite b (vhb) et sa regulation dans des souris transgeniques." Paris 6, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989PA066179.
Full textCova, Lucyna. "Le virus de l'hépatite B du canard (DHBV) comme modèle pour l'étude de la réplication du virus de l'hépatite B humaine (VHB) et de son rôle dans l'oncogenèse hépatique." Lyon 1, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990LYO10001.
Full textPatient, Romuald. "Obtention de particules sous-virales d'enveloppe du virus de l'hépatite C." Thesis, Tours, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008TOUR3108.
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Osseman, Quentin. "Analyse du transport intracytoplasmique de la capside du virus de l’hépatite B : analyse des interactions entre les capsides du VHB et les chaînes du complexe de la dynéine." Thesis, Bordeaux, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014BORD0304/document.
Full textHepatitis B virus (HBV) needs the nuclear transcription machinery for replication. The virus thus depends on the transport of its genome from the cell periphery to the nuclear envelope. In general this retrograde intracytoplasmic trafficking is facilitated along Mt (MT) using motor protein complexes of the dynein family. As we showed earlier HBV capsid transport also depends upon intact MT in order to allow their arrival at the nuclear pores, which in turn is required for genome liberation from the capsid.In the analysis we used virus-derived HBV capsids obtained from the supernatant of HepG2.2.15, which contain the mature partially double-stranded DNA genome (mature capsids) and capsids expressed in E. coli. The latter were applied in two forms: as unspecific E. coli RNA- containing capsids and as empty capsids. Upon microinjection into Xenopus laevis oocytes we observed that mature and empty capsids were translocated to the nuclear pores with a similar kinetic. RNA-containing capsids failed to arrive at the pores implying that transport of the two other capsid types was active. Active translocation was confirmed by pre-injecting anti tubulin antibodies which interfere with MT-mediated translocation.In vitro reconstitution assays confirmed the specific attachment of mature and empty capsids to MTs and showed the need of further cytosolic proteins. Using pull-down and co-sedimentation experiments we identified one dynein light chain (DYNLL1, member of the Lc8 family) as interaction partner of the capsids. Injecting an excess of recombinant DYNLL1 with empty capsids into Xenopus laevis oocytes inhibited capsid transport to the nuclear pores indicating that DYNLL1 was only functional interaction partner implied in active transport.DNYLL2 did not interact with the capsids although differing from DYNLL1 by just six amino acids. Site directed mutagenesis of DYNLL1 revealed that two amino acids were critical for a direct interaction with the capsids. Both localized at the exterior of the DYNLL1 dimer and not in the groove of DYNLL1, which interacts with the dynein intermediate chain. Accordingly we could reconstitute a complex consisting of empty capsids, DYNLL1 and dynein intermediate chain as it should be in the in vivo situation
Latthaphasavang, Vatthanaphone. "Suivi prospectif d’une cohorte de femmes enceintes chroniquement infectées par le virus de l’hépatite B (VHB) et de leurs enfants en RDP Laos." Thesis, Lyon, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018LYSE1336/document.
Full textBackground: An estimated 257 million people are chronically infected with the hepatitis B virus (HBV) worldwide. Mother-to-child transmission accounts for the majority of new chronic HBV carriers, especially in Asia. HBV can be transmitted in utero, during delivery or during infancy and later. About 80–90% of infants infected at birth will develop a chronic HBV infection, and will have a high risk of developing serious complications including liver fibrosis, cirrhosis, hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and liver-related death during adult age. We aimed at assessing the percentage of infants successfully immunized in two major hospitals in Vientiane, Lao People's Democratic Republic (Lao PDR) where HB immune globulin (HBIg) is not available. Methods: We studied a prospective cohort of chronically HBV infected pregnant women and their infants until 6 months post-partum from January 2015 to March 2017. All infants received the HB vaccine at birth and 6, 10 and 14 weeks thereafter, and their HBV status was assessed at 6 months of age. HBV surface gene sequencing was performed in infected mother-infant pairs.Results: Of 153 mothers with HB surface antigen (HBsAg), 60 (39%) had detectable serum HBe antigen (HBeAg). HBeAg positive pregnant women were younger than those negative (median age 26 versus 28 years; p=0.02) and had a significantly higher HBV viral load at delivery (median 8.0 versus 4.0 log10 IU/mL, p <0.001). A total of 141 infants including a pair of twins were included in the study and information at the time of vaccine administration after birth was available for 112 newborns. Of these, 110 (98%) received the HepB-BD within 24 hours after birth. One newborn received the vaccine 26 hours after birth because the vaccine was not available at the delivery room, and another newborn 3 days after birth due to fetal distress, which was erroneously considered to be a vaccine contra-indication. Among the 120 infants assessed at 6 months of age, 5 (4%) were positive for HBsAg and had a detectable HBV viral load by polymerase chain reaction. All were born to mothers with HBeAg and a viral load >8.5 log10 IU/mL. However, only four (3.3%, 95% CI 0.5% to 7.0 %) had a virus strain closely related to their mother’s strain. HBV surface gene mutations were detected in 4 of the 5 infected infants (G145G/R, G145G/A, M133T, M133I). Anti-HBs antibody level was above 10 IU/L in 105 (88%) infants at 6 months of age. Conclusions: Mother-to-child transmission occurred less frequently than expected without the use of HBIg. Adding HBIg and/or maternal antiviral prophylaxis may have prevented some of these infections. The observation of unsatisfactory levels of anti-HBs antibodies in 9% of the uninfected infants at 6 months highlights the need for improvement of the universal immunization procedures
Bouezzedine, Fidaa. "Analyse de l'entrée du virus de l'hépatite B : Etude du processus de fusion et de l'effet de l'interleukine 6." Thesis, Rennes 1, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015REN1B003/document.
Full textHepatitis B is a severe and extremely contagious infectious disease. Despite an effective vaccine more than 240 million people are suffering from chronic infection and over 780 000 persons die each year from the consequences of acute and chronic hepatitis B. Current treatments consisting in the use of interferon and/or viral replication inhibitors are insufficient. New therapeutics targeting viral entry are in progress, such as Myrcludex B that has been shown to inhibit HBV infection by preventing HBV entry. However, the mechanism of HBV entry into hepatocytes is still poorly understood. Recently, the identification of NTCP as a specific HBV receptor allowed us to better understand the attachment of this virus. This receptor is now a target for antiviral molecules. It is also a carrier for bile salts known to be strongly regulated by pro inflammatory cytokines. The aims of our thesis were: (i) to study HBV entry by establishing an artificial model of fusion between purified viral particles and liposomes, and (ii) to study the interleukin 6 effect on viral entry. Our results with fusion assays suggest an absence of fusion in the entry process of this virus. However, fusion could require peculiar conditions related to HBV specificities. Our results also demonstrated that interleukin 6 inhibits virus entry by down-regulating NTCP expression
Lapalus, Martine. "Etude de marqueurs non-invasifs pour prédire la réactivation virale et la sévérité de la fibrose chez les patients atteints d'hépatite chronique B." Paris 7, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014PA077248.
Full textChronic hepatitis B (CHB) infection is associated with an increased risk of cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma. The aim of my thesis was to study both host and viral non-invasive markers to predict i) the viral reactivation in asymptomatic HBeAg negative patients and ii) the severity of liver fibrosis. A total of 129 and 377 patients were respectively included in the two studies. First, a combination of HBsAg > 1000 IU/mL and HBV-DNA > 200 IU/mL at the first visit, allows to identify HBeAg negative CHB patients who are at high risk of reactivation with a high sensitivity (92 %) and negative predictive value (NPV, 96 %). These patients will benefit from a treatment to limit the progression of liver disease. Interestingly, a single HBsAg measurement < 1000 UI/mL or an annual decrease > 0. 3 logioUl/mL predict HBsAg seroclearance (PPV: 89 %, NPV: 95 %). We next investigated factors associated with significant fibrosis (METAVIR >F2). Advanced age (p < 0. 0001), ALT level (p = 0. 02), HBV-DNA viral load (p = 0. 0006) and the presence of HBV variants (basal core promoter (BCP) and precore (PC), p < 0. 0001) are independently associated with significant fibrosis (METAVIR >F2). The combination of these 4 non-invasive variables accurately predicts significant fibrosis (c-index = 0. 76 [95% IC 0. 71-0. 81]) in CHB patients. The strong association of the BCP mutation with the severity of the disease suggests its impact on the natural history of CHB. In this work, we characterized several non-invasive markers clinically relevant to improve the management of CHB patients in particular regarding the decision to initiate a treatment
Billioud, Gaëtan. "Étude des performances de variants du virus de l’hépatite B." Thesis, Lyon 1, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011LYO10077.
Full textCurrent therapies against the hepatitis B virus (HBV) combine one or more nucleoside analogues that directly inhibit viral replication by blocking reverse transcription step. These treatments are very effective, however, faced with the emergence of viruses resistant to these treatments. These resistances are the result of the emergence and selection of mutants with mutations can be complex in both the polymerase gene (pol) and the viral envelope. The main objectives of this PhD was to study the sensitivity of resistant HBV variants vis-à-vis similar nucleos(t)ides and new compounds non-nucleos(t)idic acting against the nucleocapsid, but also compare the performance of different viral mutants to understand the process of selection of mutants that occurs in patients under therapeutic pressure. These studies have characterized the sensitivity of some resistance mutations to nucleoside analogues, to highlight the importance of the envelope changes due to resistance mutations in the process of emergence and selection of variants in the quasispecies virus and to identify new effective antiviral drugs may allow, in combination with nucleoside analogues, to greatly reduce the phenomenon of HBV resistance. Better understanding the phenomenon of resistance, the processes of emergence, selection and transmission of HBV mutants to develop the best clinical strategies of combination therapy can significantly reduce the number of people affected by this virus
Kostrzak, Anna. "Les pseudo-particules virales du VHB, produites chez les plantes, comme vecteur d'un polyépitope du VIH-1 pour un vaccin oral bivalent contre le sida et l'hépatite B." Versailles-St Quentin en Yvelines, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009VERS0042.
Full textCurrently one of the most important worldwide demands is to find a more efficacious, cost-effective and reliable method of mass immunization for hepatitis B and many other fatal diseases afflicting underdeveloped regions of the globe. Plants plants could potentially symplify, and thus lower, the cost of immunization and by obviating the need for needles and specialized medical staff. We obtained the transgenic tobacco plants expressing small hepatitis B antigen (SHBsAg). The production and structure of SHBsAg was measured by anti-SHBsAg ELISA, western blot and transmission electron microscopy. Transformants showing high SHBsAg expression were lyophilized and the immunogenicity of dried leaves containing SHBsAg was evaluated by measuring cellular and humoral responses. For the cellular response, we measured the activation of CD8 T cells and the presence of T regulatory cells (Tregs) in peripheral lymph nodes and spleen. The humoral response was evaluated by ELISA tests, measuring anti-SHBsAg IgGs in serum and anti-SHBsAg IgAs in faeces and serum. Non-transgenic tobacco plants and plants producing SHBsAg were used for genetic transformation with three different constructs containing an HIV polyepitope-SHBsAg fusion protein. These results brings new knowledge in the use of the Hepatitis B virus-like particles as carrier of an HIV-1 polyepitope in palnts, second genetic plant transformation and plant oral immunization
Kabissa, Imed. "Résultat du traitement par la lamivudine chez trois groupes de patients atteints d'hépatite chronique virale B : non greffés, greffés hépatiques et greffés rénaux." Bordeaux 2, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000BOR23065.
Full textMabit, Hélène. "Infection des cellules d'hepatome humain hepg2 par le virus de l'hepatite b et identification de la gapdh comme candidat recepteur au vhb." Paris 11, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995PA112273.
Full textSantos, Márcio Bezerra. "Prevalência de marcadores sorológicos dos vírus das Hepatites B (VHB) e C (VHC) em indivíduos infectados por Schistosoma mansoni no bairro Santa Maria, Aracaju/SE." Universidade Federal de Sergipe, 2012. https://ri.ufs.br/handle/riufs/3246.
Full textThe Schistosomiasis is a parasitic disease, severe, chronic waterborne and development, whose etiologic agent is Schistosoma mansoni. It occurs in 74 countries with 207 million people infected and 700 million in risky areas. In Brazil, data indicate a prevalence of eight million. The Schistosomiasis can be exacerbated when patients are carriers of the Hepatitis B Virus (HBV) and C (HCV), resulting in simultaneous evolution of both pathologies. In Brazil, the prevalence of co-infection with HBV/HCV and S. mansoni found in studies ranged from 13.6% to 40% for HBV and 0.5% to 19.66% for the HCV. On this basis, this research aimed to identify the prevalence of serological markers of HBV and HCV and risky factors in individuals carrying the S. mansoni in the Santa Maria neighborhood, Aracaju, state of Sergipe. We conducted a cross-sectional epidemiological study. Data were collected for each patient by means of a questionnaire investigation. This questionnaire included variables identifying the subject of the research participants and variables that included the epidemiological risky factors for infection with HBV or HCV. We collected serum samples of research participants and forwarded to the laboratory testing to identify serological markers of hepatitis B and C: Total Anti-HBc IgG, Anti-HBs, HBsAg and Anti-HCV. All procedures performed using the technique of chemiluminescence immunoassay using the ARCHITECT assay for each serological marker following the protocols established by the laboratory equipment manufacturer SYSTEM ARCHITECT. In addition, we carried out the analysis of spatial distribution of co-infection in the district through the program using the TerraView Kernel intensity estimation. It was found that 16 individuals had contact with HBV (9.41%), one of these was positive for HBsAg. Only Thirty-two samples (18.82%) were positive for the marker Anti-HBs. Three samples were positive for anti-HCV (1.76%), and also a positive for Anti-HBc. The main risks of HBV and HCV infection were related to parenteral interventions of health services, as well as sexual activity without condom use in the case of HBV. Spatial analysis of cases of co-infection (Schistosomiasis and Hepatitis) allowed the visualization of areas of higher concentration of these infections, as well as those that are exposed to different degrees of risk of transmission. The survey results allow to offer, the municipal health services, a tool to facilitate the understanding of the spatial distribution of schistosomiasis and hepatitis (B and C) in Santa Maria neighborhood. Although our values are above the estimated prevalence for the Brazilian population and the Northeast, we can t infer that the individuals with Schistosomiasis are more susceptible to infection with HBV or HCV, since the risky factors were the means of risky transmission of causative agents of hepatitis and not infected with S. mansoni.
A Esquistossomose Mansônica é uma doença parasitária grave, de veiculação hídrica e evolução crônica, cujo agente etiológico é o Schistosoma mansoni. Ocorre em 74 países, com 207 milhões de pessoas infectadas e 700 milhões em áreas de risco. No Brasil, dados indicam uma prevalência de oito milhões. A Esquistossomose pode ser agravada quando os pacientes são portadores dos Vírus das Hepatites B (VHB) e C (VHC), resultando na evolução simultânea de ambas as patologias. No Brasil, As prevalências da co-infecção VHB/VHC e S. mansoni encontradas nos estudos realizados variaram de 13,6% a 40% para o HBV e de 0,5% a 19,66% para o HCV. Com base nisso, esta pesquisa objetivou identificar a prevalência de marcadores sorológicos do VHB e VHC e os fatores de risco em indivíduos portadores do S. mansoni no Bairro Santa Maria, Aracaju/SE. Foi realizado um estudo epidemiológico do tipo transversal. Coletaram-se dados de cada paciente por meio de um questionário investigativo. Este questionário contemplou variáveis de identificação do sujeito participante da pesquisa e variáveis epidemiológicas que incluíram os fatores de risco para infecção pelo HBV ou HCV. Foram coletadas alíquotas de soro dos participantes da pesquisa e encaminhadas para a realização das análises laboratoriais para identificação de marcadores sorológicos dos Vírus das Hepatites B e C: Anti-HBc Total IgG, Anti-HBs, HBsAg e Anti-HCV. Todos os procedimentos realizados utilizaram a técnica de Imunoensaio Quimioluminescente através do Ensaio ARCHITECT para cada marcador sorológico seguindo os protocolos de análises laboratoriais estabelecidos pelo fabricante do equipamento ARCHITECT SYSTEM. Além disso, realizou-se a análise espacial da distribuição da co-infecção no bairro através do programa TerraView utilizando o estimador de intensidade Kernel. Constatou-se que 16 indivíduos tiveram contato com o HBV (9,41%), desses um foi positivo para HBsAg. Apenas Trinta e duas amostras (18,82%) foram positivas para o marcador Anti-HBs. Três amostras foram positivas para Anti-HCV (1,76%), sendo uma também positiva para Anti-HBc. Os principais riscos de infecção pelo HBV e HCV foram relacionados às intervenções parenterais dos serviços de saúde, assim como à atividade sexual sem uso de preservativo, no caso do HBV. A análise espacial dos casos de co-infecção (Esquistossomose e Hepatite) permitiu a visualização de áreas de maior concentração dessas infecções, assim como as que são expostas a diferentes graus de risco de transmissão. Os resultados da pesquisa possibilitam oferecer, aos serviços municipais de saúde, um instrumento que facilite a compreensão da distribuição espacial da Esquistossomose e Hepatites (B e C) no bairro Santa Maria. Embora nossos valores sejam acima da prevalência estimada para a população brasileira e da região nordeste, não podemos inferir que os indivíduos portadores da Esquistossomose são mais susceptíveis à infecção pelo HBV ou HCV, uma vez que, os fatores de risco foram as vias de risco de transmissão de agentes causadores de hepatite e não a infecção pelo S. mansoni.
Lucifora, Julie. "Etude de la réplication du VHB et de la réponse à l'intracellulaire à l'infection virale." Phd thesis, Université Claude Bernard - Lyon I, 2008. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00342583.
Full textMouzannar, Karim. "Identification du récepteur nucléaire des acides biliaires FXR alpha comme facteur proviral pour le virus de l’hépatite B." Thesis, Lyon, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018LYSE1098/document.
Full textHepatitis B virus (HBV) infection is a major global health problem with more than 257 million chronic carriers worldwide that remain at significant risk for developing cirrhosis and/or hepatocellular carcinoma. The natural history of infection is very different depending on the age at which the infection is contracted. Whereas in adults most HBV infections spontaneously resolve, in infants and young children they usually result in chronic infection. cccDNA is the molecular form of viral persistence in infected hepatocytes and serves as a transcription template for all viral RNAs. The viral protein HBx plays a crucial role in the recruitment of epigenetic factors to the cccDNA and promotes its transcriptional activity. Currently, interferon and nucleot(s)ide analogues are the first-line agents in the treatment of chronic hepatitis B without allowing eradication of cccDNA and their interruption are almost always followed by a reactivation of the replication of the virus. New therapeutic molecules targeting cccDNA are therefore needed to hope for a functional cure in chronically infected patients. HBV infection and bile acid (BA) metabolism are tightly linked. Therefore, our team has previously shown that the bile acid nuclear receptor, the farnesoid X receptor alpha (FXRalpha) bind to two response elements present in the Enhancer II - Core promoter region of HBV genome and modulate its transcriptional activity. Moreover, HBV and BA compete for the same entry receptor of hepatocytes NTCP and modify BA cell concentration with consequences on the function and expression of FXRalpha. Finally, HBx interacts with FXRalpha and modify its activity. During my PhD. we have first identified a reciprocal regulation between HBV replication and FXRalpha. Second, we have showed in vitro, in HepaRG differentiated cells and in primary human hepatocytes, that FXRalpha is a proviral factor for HBV and that FXRalpha agonists inhibit the expression of all HBV markers in a dependent or independent manner of the viral protein HBx. Finally, in an in vivo model of C3H/HeN mice transduced with a recombinant AAV2/8-HBV vector, we obtained the inhibitory effect of FXRalpha agonists but only in adult and not in young mice. Considering the evolution of the gut flora with age and its importance in the metabolism of BA, these results suggest that the high rate of chronic progression in young children might be related to the immaturity of BA metabolism. The identification of a link between BA metabolism, gut microbiome composition and evolution of HBV infection will represent a big step toward the understanding of HBV natural history. Moreover, the identification of FXRalpha as a proviral factor for HBV and the capacity of FXRalpha ligands to modulate the transcriptional activity of cccDNA suggest that FXR ligands might represent a new class of molecules with the aim to obtain functional cure for HBV infected patients
Pol, Jonathan. "Implication des particules défectives et de la protéine HBSP du Virus de l’Hépatite B dans la pathogenèse virale." Paris 6, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008PA066498.
Full textWith almost 400 million chronic carriers, Hepatitis B Virus (HBV) is a major issue of world public health. The follow-up of infected patients is necessary to prevent viral disease evolution and to adapt treatment. We tested and validated a new method for the diagnosis of circulating HBV, based on quantitative PCR, and characterized by a broader window of detection than standard methods based on molecular hybridization. In addition, our group suggested an impact of the genetic variability of HBV, implying the synthesis of defective viral particles, on viral pathogenesis. These HBV defective particles are generated after packaging-reverse transcription of a spliced viral RNA Moreover, this spliced viral RNA encodes for a new HBV protein, identified in our laboratory and called HBSP. In chronically infected patients, we showed that the proportion of circulating defective particles and the presence of anti-HBSP antibody were associated with the severity of the liver disease. In order to characterize the influence of HBSP protein on viral pathogenesis, we studied, in vitro, its impact on the transcriptional expression profile of cellular genes, by RT-qPCR. By this approach, we highlighted a decrease of the expression of NF-κB inducible genes. We confirmed an inhibition of the NF-κB pathway activation upon treatment with the inflammatory cytokine TNF-α Under these conditions, the inhibition of the anti-apoptotic NF-κB pathway was associated with an over-activation of the pro-apoptotic JNK pathway. These observations could explain the sensitization to apoptosis of cells expressing HBSP. In conclusion, our data contribute to widening our knowledge on HBV biology and bring new evidence for a direct role of the virus in pathogenesis
Gómez, Basilio Rosario. "Respuesta a la vacuna del virus hepatitis B en pacientes en hemodialisis: influencia e importancia como factor pronóstico de morbilidad y mortalidad." Doctoral thesis, Universitat de Lleida, 1994. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/300299.
Full textAhodantin, James. "Protéine HBx du virus de l'hépatite B : impacts sur la polyploïdisation hépatique au cours du développement et de la maladie du foie." Thesis, Paris 6, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017PA066373/document.
Full textHepatitis B virus X protein (HBx) is involved in the development of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). However, how HBx promotes genetic instability or DNA damage during liver proliferation remains unclear. For that, we used mice transgenic for the full-length HBx (FL-HBx) to investigated the impact of HBx expression on polyploidization during normal liver proliferation and in liver diseases (fibrosis : carbon tetrachloride and HCC : diethyl nitrosamine, treatments). During postnatal liver development as well as in liver diseases, FL-HBx inhibits liver binucleation and triggers early production of polyploid nuclei (≥ 4n). These features were associated with aberrant G1/S and G2/M transitions and the propagation of DNA damage. Furthermore, hepatitis B virus infection, in liver humanized mouse model, shows similar deregulation of hepatocytes polyploidization. In FL-HBx animals, HCC initiation was associated with impairment of ChK1 activation and Mre11 and Rad51 expression (DNA repair proteins), inhibited apoptosis and upregulated IL-6 transcription while in fibrosis, increased expression of α-sma, PdgfR-β, TGF-β, TNF-α as well as a defect in glutamine synthetase expression were observed. In addition, treated FL-HBx animals displayed marked alterations to the cell cycle associated with stronger expression of HCC progenitor cell markers (Ly6D, GpC3, AFP). Finally, we showed that FL-HBx protein induces pathological polyploidization of hepatocytes by upregulating PLK1 through p38/ERK Mapks pathways. That promotes a loss of genomic integrity and an increase of hepatocytes expressing tumor progenitor cell markers during liver fibrosis and HCC initiation
Alencar, Regiane Saraiva de Souza Melo. "Ocorrência da infecção oculta pelo vírus da hepatite B (VHB) em pacientes com cirrose hepática pelo vírus da hepatite C (VHC) com ou sem carcinoma hepatocelular (CHC)." Universidade de São Paulo, 2006. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/5/5147/tde-16102014-103147/.
Full textThis study evaluated serum and liver tissue samples from 50 patients with liver cirrhosis due to hepatitis C virus (HVC) that underwent liver transplant at the Hospital das Clínicas - University of São Paulo School of Medicine during the period of 1993 to 2004, divided into two groups: Group 1 (33 cirrhotic patients due to HCV) and Group 2 (17 cirrhotic patients due to HCV with hepatocellular carcinoma - HCC). Our aim was to study the occurrence of occult HBV0 infection in cirrhotic patients due to HCV with or without HCC through the molecular study of HBV DNA in the serum, tumoral liver tissue and non tumoral liver tissue by the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) techniques using in house and real time PCR. All the patients were HBsAg negative, having previous serum samples frozen at -20ºC and liver tissue explanted in paraffin, without presenting concomitant cholestatic, metabolic and autoimmune liver diseases. The following variables were collected: gender, age, biochemical and coagulation laboratory tests and HBV serology (HBsAg, anti-HBc total, anti-HBs). Among the clinical data, ascites and encephalopathy were collected for the Child and MELD prognostic indexes. In the explanted liver tissue the Ishak\'s Score, The Brazilian Society of Pathology and Hepatology Classification for chronic hepatitis, and Edmondson and Steiner Classification for HCC were applied in the liver tissue. All samples with or without tumoral liver tissue and serum were negative for HBV DNA using in house PCR technique. By the real time PCR technique only one case from Group 2 was HBV DNA positive in serum (male, 66, isolated anti-HBc total positive and HCC). In the tumoral and non-tumoral liver tissues there were two indeterminated HBV DNA cases among Group 2 patients. All samples for Group 1 patients were negative for HBV DNA using both techniques. In conclusion, our study has shown the extremely low occult hepatitis B virus infection among the HCV cirrhotic patients with or without HCC, maybe due to the low HBV past infection among the Southeastern Brazilian population
Deroubaix, Aurélie. "Etude de la localisation intracellulaire de la protéine core du virus de l’hépatite B humaine et de ses multimères." Thesis, Bordeaux 2, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011BOR21907/document.
Full textHepatitis B is a liver inflammation caused by the Hepatitis B virus (HBV). It is responsible of one to two millions deaths per year in the world. HBV is the cause of important liver damages and may lead to cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma.HBV is a member of hepadnaviral family. It has a capsid composed of 240 copies of the same protein: the core protein. In literature, patients’ biopsies showed that capsid is found either in the nucleus or in the cytoplasm or both compartments of hepatocytes. In general, a cytoplasmic localization is related to an advanced state of the disease.In our study, we observed that in HuH-7 cells, core protein alone has a nuclear localization, whereas in viral context it is essentially found in the cytoplasm. We verified that these observations were not due to culture conditions. Then, we demonstrated that the cytoplasmic localization of core was due to viral factors. The viral polymerase is implied by its TP domain. The second component is the viral pregenomic RNA, by its Epsilon stem loop structure. At last, core localization is also influenced by the phosphorylation state of its serines 157, 170 and 172.Thus, we demonstrated that the core protein traffic is very complex and regulated by different viral and cellular factors. This work will further study the regulation of intracellular trafficking of the core protein and allow a better outcome for the infected patients
Roingeard, Philippe. "Etude immunocytochimique et ultrastructurale des cellules hépatocytaires infectées par le virus de l'hépatite B (VHB) à partir de deux modèles : lignées continues d'hépatocarcinomes humains ; lignée d'hépatoblastome transfectée avec le génome viral." Tours, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988TOUR3802.
Full textSaindou, Maoulide. "Prévalence et déterminants des infections sexuellement transmissibles chez les femmes enceintes de Mayotte : étude épidémiologique concernant le virus de l’immunodéficience humaine, le virus de l’hépatite B et du Treponema pallidum." Thesis, Lyon 1, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013LYO10043/document.
Full textThe epidemiology of sexually transmitted infections (STIs) is poorly documented in Mayotte especially among pregnant women (PW) and knowledge of determinants that increased STI in the island, and in this particular socio-economic and health situation, is needed. The objectives of this study were to estimate the frequency and risk factors associated with HIV, HBV, and syphilis, to study the HBV vaccination and describe the knowledge, attitudes, beliefs and behaviors related to HIV/AIDS-STIs in PW. A prospective cross-sectional study was conducted among 671 PW followed in Mayotte public prenatal clinic (Protection Maternelle et Infantile (PMI)) services. No case of HIV seropositivity was observed. The prevalence of HBsAg of HBV was 3.4% and of active syphilis was 2.1%, but the prevalence of HBV infection and HBV vaccination was respectively 35.5% and 18.6%. The HBV infection was associated with birthplace (Comoros), behavioral factors and history of STIs. Syphilis was rather associated with lack of education and history of STIs. The HBV vaccination was associated with sociodemographic determinants. The socio-behavioral study showed that there is a good knowledge of HIV/AIDS-STIs in PW despite the practice of some risky sexual behaviors. This work has helped to draw up an update of HIV and STIs, and their determinants among PW in Mayotte, and could lead to the development of prevention methods adapted to this context
Delpuech, Eve-Oona. "Implication des virus des hépatites B et C dans l'immuno-pathogenèse et la carcinogenèse hépatique : étude in vitro de l'effet du virus de l'hépatite C sur la production d'une cytokine immunomodulatrice, l'interleukine-10 : analyse du profil d'expression génique sur macroarray de carcinomes hépatocellulaires liés aux virus des hépatites B et C." Paris 6, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002PA066100.
Full textGonzález, Fernández Carolina. "Complejidad y conservación de la quasiespecies del virus de la hepatitis B analizada mediante secuenciación masiva en el gen X. Asociación con la actividad replicativa e identificación de regiones híper-conservadas en el genoma viral." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/667276.
Full textThe hepatitis B virus X protein (HBx), encoded by the X gene of this virus (HBX), is crucial for HBV replication and regulates the expression of multiple host genes. For this reason, there must be highly conserved areas at nucleotide (HBX) and/or amino acid (HBx) level, essential for its regulatory activity. However, the insertions and deletions described in the C-terminal end of this protein seem to limit the possibility that these areas are located in the 3’ region of HBX. By this reason, the 5’-end of HBX has been chosen to study its conservation by next-generation sequencing. In this region, 2 hyper-conserved regions have been identified. These regions could be used as potential therapeutic targets for a new antiviral treatment strategy, based on gene therapy against HBx through gene silencing. This treatment could be useful to achieve “functional cure” of the HBV infection in all clinical stages and in the presence of all viral genotypes. In addition to the conservation of the 5’ end of HBX, in this thesis the complexity and specific variants of the quasispecies (QS) of this region have also been studied in depth in patients at different clinical stages of HBeAg (-) chronic HBV infection, to investigate its relationship with the mechanisms that allow to control viral replication. The study of the complexity and variability of the QS of a group of patients with HBeAg (-) chronic infection (IC) showed a more conserved and complex QS in these patients than in patients with chronic hepatitis (with or without liver lesion such liver cirrhosis and HCC), characterized by the presence of a high number of highly mutated haplotypes, probably at very low frequencies, so they do not affect conservation. Likewise, a group of genotype-specific mutations has been evidenced. In particular, a mutational pattern has been described in genotype D haplotypes of IC patients, probably associated with a reduction of viral expression. This genotype-specific mutational pattern demonstrates the need to adequately genotype the virus in the HBV infected patients follow-up. In summary, the 5’-end of HBX contains hyper-conserved regions that could be essential for the HBx function and could be exploited as a target for antiviral treatment based on gene therapy. In addition, the IC patients’ QS presents differential characteristics of complexity and conservation. These characteristics, together with patterns of genotype-specific mutations, could be related to the low replication of HBV in these patients.
Kania, Dramane. "Développement d’outils et de stratégies pour le diagnostic et le suivi biologique des infections VIH, VHB et VHC dans les pays à ressources limitées." Thesis, Montpellier 1, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014MON1T017/document.
Full textDiagnosis and management of hepatitis B, hepatitis C and HIV infections are a real challenge in middle and low-income countries. There is an urgent need for simple, reliable and inexpensive tools to control these infections in high prevalence sittings like Africa and Asia. The challenge is immense in clinical and public health policy hands. The main goal of this research work performed for our PhD is the development and validation of strategies and tools to diagnose and monitor HIV, HBV and HCV infections in resource-constrained countries. At a first step, we investigated the results of HIV discordant results, since it is important to establish the real HIV status of people tested with clear results for appropriate decision-making in biological and clinical practice. This work show that discordant results obtained in the algorithm of HIV screening among pregnant women in Burkina Faso, are false positive results in 94% of cases due to the Determine™ HIV-1/2 immunochromatographic test and false negative results in 4% of cases due to the Genie II ™ HIV-1 / HIV-2 test. In public health practice, women with this type of result can be considered as negative for HIV testing in centers where additional investigations are not possible, especially in countries like Burkina Faso with a low incidence and a low genetic diversity of HIV.In a second step, we focused our work on the feasibility of a screening strategy that detects HIV, HBV and HCV infections into a single card of DBS. In this pilot study, we demonstrated that DBS collected in parallel to HIV rapid testing in a voluntary counseling and testing center allows HIV confirmation using immunoblotting, and an additional testing by diagnosing HBV and HCV using ELISA followed by immunoblotting and PCR for HCV confirmation. This strategy can serve as a model to promote and scale-up the screening of HBV and HCV in resource-limited countries. DBS can be served as control and confirmation of HIV, HBV and HCV diagnosis. Furthermore, we evaluated the performance of two 4th generation chemiluminescent immunoassays (Elecsys HIV Combi PT assay, Roche Diagnostics and Liaison XL Murex HIV Ab/Ag test, DiaSorin) tested on filter paper samples in comparison to rapid diagnostic test and fresh serum samples from patients with acute HIV infection. These studies have clearly shown that the two 4th generation tests performed on filter paper offer good performance in terms of sensitivity for the diagnosis of HIV infection in its early phases compared with rapid diagnostic tests. This approach may be used in combination with HIV rapid tests in hard-to-reach individuals and populations living in remote areas of when an early HIV infection is suspected since rapid tests do not offer appropriate performance in this case.Finally, we developed a real-time PCR for HBV DNA detection and quantification. In this study, we evaluated two in-house PCR targeting two different regions of HBV genome (X gene for qPCR 1 and S gene for qPCR 2) in comparison with a commercial Roche HBV DNA test (Cobas AmpliPrep / Cobas TaqMan HBV Test, version 2.0, Roche Diagnostics) as a gold standard. The qPCR 2 with a low detection limit of 91 IU/ml (vs 104 IU/ml for 1 qPCR) showed a better performance in HBV DNA quantification. This inexpensive qPCR with best performance characteristics is producing by a start-up called OMUNIS. This kit will be evaluated in France, in Africa and in South and East Asia in a research study funded by ANRS (France REcherche Nord & sud Sida-hiv Hépatites)
Pacheco, Sidelcina Rugieri. "Avaliação de mutações de resistência ao tratamento com análogos de nucleos(t)ídeos e de escape vacinal do vírus da hepatite B (VHB) em pacientes com hepatite crônica." reponame:Repositório Institucional da FIOCRUZ, 2016. http://www.arca.fiocruz.br/handle/icict/14836.
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CAPES / CNPq
Fundação Gonçalo Moniz. Centro de Pesquisas Gonçalo Moniz. Salvador, BA, Brasil
INTRODUÇÃO: A hepatite B (VHB) é uma infecção dinâmica crônica, que apesar de existir programas de imunização e tratamento antiviral disponível, existe o risco de emergência de mutações de resistência aos análogos de núcleos(t)ídeos (AN) que devem ser rastreadas, devido as suas implicações clínicas. O Brasil disponibiliza pelo SUS cinco drogas para o tratamento antiviral: IFN, LAM, ADF, ETV e TDF e um guia de conduta clínica para orientar o tratamento no território nacional, o Protocolo de Diretrizes Terapêuticas para Hepatite B e co-infecções. OBJETIVO: O objetivo do presente estudo foi avaliar as mutações de resistência aos AN, mutações de escape vacinal e genótipos circulantes em pacientes com hepatite B crônica em dois centros de referencia em Hepatites, na Bahia (região Nordeste) e no Acre (região Norte) do Brasil. MATERIAL E MÉTODOS: Foi utilizadas ferramentas de biologia molecular e bioinformática, através de nested PCR e sequenciamento direto das amostras, para rastrear as mutações de resistência, a região alvo foi a transcriptase reversa (RT) do gene P e as mutações de escape vacinal foi a região do gene S do VHB, como também os genótipos e subgenotipos do VHB. RESULTADOS: Foram incluídos 527 pacientes durante o período de 2011-2015, sendo 320 pacientes do HUPES/BA e 207 do FUNDHACRE/AC. Os pacientes que representam a região Nordeste foram 59,3 % do sexo masculino e uma média de idade de 44,75±12,4 DP, os pacientes da região Norte 42% foram do sexo masculino e a média de idade foi de 40,36±13,9 DP. Todos os pacientes incluídos apresentaram AgHBs persistente por mais de seis meses e 86,1% apresentaram AgHBe negativo. Foram sequenciadas 296 amostras dos pacientes com VHB crônica. Foram encontradas mutações de resistência aos AN na Região Norte 1,2% (2), Região Nordeste 7,4%(8) e no global 3,8%(20). Os padrões de mutações de resistência primária encontrados foram: rtA194T, (3) rtL180M+M204V, rtL180M+M204I, rtS202I, rtM204I, rtA181S, rtA181E e rtA184S. Em relação ao escape vacinal a frequencia para a Região Norte foi de 7,1% (11), Região Nordeste 8,4% (9) e no global 7,6% (20). Nos pacientes virgens de tratamento (n=189), a frequência de mutações de resistência foi de 6%, somente nas amostras da região Nordeste. Não houve diferença estatisticamente significante entre o grupo com ou sem mutação dos pacientes virgens de tratamento. Não foram encontradas mutações de resistência nas amostras da região Norte. Os genótipos circulantes nas duas regiões foram A, D e F, e a região Nordeste foi encontrada o genótipo C (C2). CONCLUSÃO: Os resultados demonstram a importância de rastrear e monitorar as mutações de resistência aos AN e de escape vacinal devido a importância epidemiológica e clínica na conduta terapêutica.
INTRODUTION: Hepatitis B virus (HBV) is a chronic dynamic infection, which although there immunization programs and antiviral therapy available, there is a risk of emergence of resistance mutations cores analogs (t) ide to be screened, because of their implications clinics. The Brazil offers the SUS five drugs for antiviral treatment: IFN, LAM, ADF, ETV and TDF and clinical guide of conduct to guide treatment in the country, the Therapeutic Guidelines Protocol for Hepatitis B and co-infections. AIM: The aim of this study was to evaluate the resistance mutations core analogues (t) ide, vaccine escape mutations and circulating genotypes in patients with chronic hepatitis B in two reference centers in Hepatitis, Bahia (Northeast) and Acre (Northern region) of Brazil. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Was used tools of molecular biology and bioinformatics by nested PCR and direct sequencing of samples to track resistance changes, the target region is the reverse transcriptase (RT) P gene and vaccine escape mutations was region of the gene S of HBV, as well as the HBV genotypes and subgenotipos. RESULTS: 527 patients were included during the period 2011-2015, with 320 patients HUPES / BA and 207 FUNDHACRE / AC. Patients representing the Northeast were 59.3% male and an average age of 44.75 ± 12.4 PD patients in the northern region 42% were male and the average age was 40, 36 ± 13.9 DP. All patients had persistent HBsAg for more than six months and 86.1% were HBeAg negative. We were sequenced 296 samples from patients with chronic HBV. the cores of similar resistance mutations were found (t) ide in the North 1.2% (2), Northeast 7.4% (8) and 3.8% overall (20). The patterns of primary resistance mutations were: rtA194T (3) rtL180M + M204V, M204I + rtL180M, rtS202I, rtM204I, rtA181S, and rtA181E rtA184S. Regarding vaccine escape the frequency for the Northern Region was 7.1% (11), Northeast 8.4% (9) and the global 7.6% (20). In treatment-naïve patients (n = 189), the frequency of resistance mutations was 6%, only the samples in the Northeast. There was no statistically significant difference between the groups with or without mutation of naive patients. There were no resistance mutations in samples from the North. Circulating genotypes in the two regions A, D and F, and the Northeast found the C genotype (C2). CONCLUSION: The results demonstrate the importance of tracking and monitoring the resistance mutations similar cores (t) ide and vaccine escape due to epidemiological and clinical importance in the therapeutic approach.
Mohamed, Sofiane. "Recherche de mutations induisant des résistances aux antiviraux chez des patients atteints du virus de l'immunodéficience humaine de type 1, du virus de l'hépatite B et de l'hépatite C." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015AIXM5000/document.
Full textMolecular biology based assays are invaluable tools for the patients follow-up. They can help to establish the prognosis, guide for the treatment decisions and assess the virological response to therapy. Highly variable viruses like Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV), Hepatitis B Virus (HBV) and Hepatitis C virus (HCV) which have a quasispecies distribution. Selection pressure on viral replicative environment such as an antiviral drug treatment, generally lead to a redistribution of the viral quasispecies with an increasing of the best adapted viral mutant. Our work allowed in this context to validate the clinical impact of majority but also minority mutations through the implementation of several sequencing techniques (pyrosequencing, high-throughput sequencing and allele-specific PCR). We also validated the use of a simple, reliable and routinely software solution by clinician for clinical interpretation of the mass of data generated by high-throughput sequencing. Finally, in the context of the diagnostic testing, we clinically validated in a cohort of patients infected with HBV, use the Dried Blood Spot technique as a supporting noninvasive diagnostic alternative sampling, especially for populations that have no access to conventional health structures and developing countries
RUMIN, SYLVIE. "Hepatocytes humains infectes in vitro par le virus de l'hepatite b : un modele pour l'etude de l'initiation de l'infection, de la replication et de la carcinogenese associee au vhb." Rennes 1, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995REN10175.
Full textKimura, Lucinete Okamura. "Epidemiologia molecular do vírus da hepatite B em população indígena dos rios Curuçá e Itaquaí no Vale do Javari, Estado do Amazonas." Universidade Federal do Amazonas, 2011. http://tede.ufam.edu.br/handle/tede/2777.
Full textHepatitis B virus (HBV) infection is one of the most serious public health problems in the world. At least two billion people are infected, with over 350 million showing serological markers of active infection, despite prevention by vaccination. In Brazil, the HBV endemicity is heterogeneous, with the most prevalent disease in the north region. Among the indigenous population, epidemiological serum studies have reported high rates of hepatitis B prevalence in the Brazilian component of the Amazon rainforest. Studies have shown that in some cases the serological markers are not enough to detect viral activity, and in these situations, molecular tests are more sensitive and specific. The proposal of this study was to determine the prevalence of DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid) of hepatitis B virus in indigenous ethnic groups (Kanamary, Matis, Mayoruna, Marubo, Kulina and Korubo) in habitants of the rivers Curuçá and Itaquaí at the Javari Valley, Amazon, Brazil. This was a descriptive, cross-sectional study, such as used in case detection. One hundred and eighty (180) samples were analyzed from the indigenous communities of São Sebastião, Volta Grande, Pedro Lopes, Massapê, Remancinho and Bananeira. The samples were subjected to polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and semi-nested PCR to Hepatitis B virus, S gene. The prevalence for HBV-DNA of S gene was 51.1% (92/180). Among the PCR positive samples for HBV-DNA, 18/49 (36.7%) were from Marubo, 68/125 (54.4%) from Kanamary and 6/6 (100%) from other ethnicities. With regards to socio-demographic data, no significant difference was found (p=0.889) in relation to gender (statistical analysis at 5%). However, when analyzing age it was observed that the natives had lower median age (p<0.001) of 23 years old, suggesting that sexual activity was the main form of HBV transmission. There was no statistical difference found in relation to sources of infection and the presence of HBV DNA, as well as clinical aspects, with the exception of fever (p<0.001). The high prevalence of HBV-DNA of 75% (15/20) in pregnant women (p=0,009) demonstrates association with vertical transmission. The results confirm the high prevalence of HBV DNA in the Javari Valley, making it important to devise strategies for control and a more effective prevention in combating the spread of HBV
A infecção pelo vírus da hepatite B (VHB) é um dos mais sérios problemas de Saúde Pública do mundo. Estima-se que dois bilhões de pessoas estejam infectadas, com mais de 350 milhões apresentando marcadores sorológicos de infecção ativa, apesar da prevenção pela vacinação. No Brasil, a endemicidade do VHB é heterogênea, sendo a doença mais prevalente na região norte do país. Entre a população indígena, estudos soro epidemiológicos relatam altas taxas de prevalência de hepatite B na Amazônia brasileira. Pesquisas têm demonstrado que, em alguns casos, os marcadores sorológicos não são suficientes para detectar uma atividade viral e, nessas situações, os testes moleculares se mostram mais sensíveis e específicos. O presente estudo se propôs determinar a prevalência do DNA (ácido desoxirribonucléico) do vírus da hepatite B em povos de etnias indígenas habitantes dos rios Curuçá e Itaquaí no Vale do Javari, Amazonas, Brasil, pertencentes às etnias Kanamary, Matis, Mayoruna, Marubo, Kulina e Korubo. Tratou-se de um estudo descritivo, transversal, do tipo detecção de caso. Foram analisadas 180 amostras pertencentes às comunidades indígenas de São Sebastião, Volta Grande, Pedro Lopes, Massapê, Remancinho e Bananeira. As amostras foram submetidas à reação em cadeia da polimerase (PCR) e semi-nested para vírus da hepatite B, gene S. A prevalência encontrada para o DNA-VHB gene S foi de 51,1% (92/180). Entre as amostras positivas para DNA-VHB PCR, 18/49 (36,7%) pertenciam à etnia Marubo, 68/125 (54,4%) à Kanamary e 6/6 (100%) a outras etnias. Quanto aos dados sóciodemográficos dos casos positivos para DNA-VHB PCR, pôde-se verificar que não houve diferença significante ao nível de 5% em relação ao gênero (p= 0,889). No entanto, quando se analisou a idade foi observado que os indígenas com PCR positiva para DNA-VHB apresentavam menores mediana de idade (p<0,001) de 23 anos, sugerindo ser a atividade sexual uma das principais formas de transmissão do VHB. Não foi constatada nenhuma diferença estatística em relação às fontes de contágio e à presença do DNA-VHB, como também aos aspectos clínicos, com exceção da febre (p<0,001). A alta prevalência do DNA-VHB de 75% (15/20) em gestantes (p=0,009) demonstra associação com a transmissão vertical. Os resultados comprovam a alta prevalência do DNA-VHB no Vale do Javari, tornando-se importante traçar estratégias de controle e prevenção mais eficazes no combate à disseminação do VHB
Gallucci, Lara. "Interactions of HBV capsid involved in nuclear transport." Thesis, Bordeaux, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018BORD0130/document.
Full textThe Hepatitis B Virus (HBV) is an enveloped virus containing a partially double stranded DNA genome (rcDNA). HBV causes acute and chronic infections. HBV is not cytotoxic but chronic inflammation leads to liver fibrosis, cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma. HBV replicates via an RNA intermediate, which is transcribed from a covalently closed circular form of the viral DNA (cccDNA). This pregenomic RNA is specifically encapsidated into the capsid by interaction with the viral polymerase, which also interacts with the core protein (Cp), forming the capsid. The polymerase retrotranscribes the pregenomic RNA into single stranded DNA and subsequently partially double stranded DNA resulting in mature capsids (MatC). Cp is an 185 aa long polypeptide comprising a N-terminal assembly domain, and a flexible C-terminal domain (CTD). The CTD includes two overlapping nuclear localization signals (NLS) of eight aa and an Importin ß Binding Domain (IBB) of 34 aa. The CTD is fixed in the interior of the capsid by interacting with single stranded nucleic acids but translocates to the exterior in MatC and empty capsids (EmpC). Cp is over expressed leading to assembly of EmpC. The virus has to deliver its genome into the nucleus of infected cells for replication. Nuclear transport is mediated by the capsid that interacts with nuclear import receptors. The group has recently shown that MatC need either both, importin (Imp.) and importin ß (Imp.ß), or Imp.ß alone for transport of the capsids into the nuclear basket. In this structure where genome liberation likely occurs, the transport of the capsid is arrested by interaction between the capsid and the nucleoporin Nup153. In the thesis we demonstrate that MatC binds to Imp.α but not Imp.ß, suggesting that only the part of the CTD, which contains the NLSs is exposed on capsids’ surface. In collaboration with the Adam Zlotnick (Indiana University, U.S.A.) we showed that EmpC, in contrast, bind Imp.β directly without Imp.α acting as an adaptor. This interaction, which is stronger than the one of Imp. occurs needs IBB exposure, meaning that the entire CTD becomes externalized. Furthermore, exposure to very high Imp.ß concentration led to EmpC destabilization. The genome release within the nuclear basket implies that Nup153 is involved in genome liberation from MatC. To verify this hypothesis we used MatC with a radioactively labeled genome, which were exposed to the capsid binding-Nup153 fragment. Investigating the accessibility of the genome to nucleases we found that the Nup153 fragment had no impact on capsids stability, suggesting the need of cellular factors driving disassembly. This conclusion is in agreement with our observation that MatC added to isolated nuclei resulted in nuclear capsid entry, which requires disassembly. To further study the disassembly step and the consequent release of the viral genome, we developed a system to directly visualize the viral genome allowing investigations of genome uncoating in real time. The system is based on the cooperative binding of a fluorescent fusion protein between the bacterial protein OR with GFP to a double stranded DNA sequence called Anch. Using this model we showed that infection of OR-GFP-expressing hepatoma cells with HBV containing a modified Anch genome allowed monitoring genome release into the nucleus. In future, this system may help identifying factors involved in genome release and repair and to decipher their molecular interactions
Polesel-Laperche, Syria. "Contribution à la sécurité transfusionnelle par une veille épidémiologique de la diversité et de l'émergence virales." Paris 6, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007PA066052.
Full textEl, Idrissi Lalla Manale. "Déprotection et raccourcissement télomériques dans le carcinome hépatocellulaire." Thesis, Lyon 1, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013LYO10218.
Full textAmong the numerous genetic defects that underly with hepatocarcinogenesis, telomere abnormalities seem to play a role both in tumor promotion and maintenance. Telomeres, the chromosome extremities, are protected by specific proteins, the Shelterin complex and by additional factors. Besides telomerase dysregulation, changes in the expression of these telomere factors have been observed in cancers. Herewe first tested the hypothesis that such dysregulations might occur in HCC with patterns depending onthe cause of HCC. For HBV-, HCV- and alcool-dependant HCC we found that telomeric dysregulations appear to be carcinogen-specific and occur early during the course of the disease and are persistent in the tumor. At the late stage of HBV-dependent disease and corresponding tumors, hepatocytes produce 3’ deleted mutants of HBx (3’DM HBx) but also a rearranged form of the PreS/S gene: PreS2. We then found that, unlike WT HBx, 3’ DM HBx repress hTERT transcription, decrease telomerase activity, shorten telomere length, increase anaphase bridges and trigger senescence in transfected primary cells. It’s well known that hTERT it re-expressed in tumors, so we tested PreS2 and 3’DM HBx transfection. We show that PreS2 counteracts 3’DM HBx effect on hTERT transcription and telomerase activity. However surprisingly PreS2 wasn’t able to elongate telomeres in 3’DM HBx expressing cells. Telomeric factors interact with telomerase allowing telomere elongation. Moreover many of these factors are implicated in DNA damage repair systems. We found that all Shelterin’s and some other telomeric factors’s expression in dyregulated in 3’DM HBx expressing cells. Moreover we show that neocarcinostatin dependent DNA damage in MRC5 primary cell prevent hTERT-based telomere elongation. Also finding that PreS2 and 3’DM induce DNA damage, we suggest that 3’DM HBx prevents PreS2 and hTERT- based telomere elongation
Marotel, Marie. "Défauts fonctionnels des cellules NK en contexte de stimulation chronique." Thesis, Lyon, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019LYSE1234/document.
Full textNK cells are innate lymphocytes which play a crucial role in the early control of viral infection and in tumor immunosurveillance. However, a state of tolerance, where NK cells are poorly functional, occurs in the context of chronic stimulation. The mechanisms leading to this process remain poorly understood and whether this is a cause, or a consequence of chronicity is unknown. Targeting NK cells appears to be a potent therapeutic strategy but requires further investigation. With the lack of clarity in the field this work had three main objectives. First, we engineered a tumoral mouse model that was strongly immunogenic for NK cells and thus allowed us to study the anti-tumoral response of NK cells and to trigger chronic stimulation. Then, we used this model to investigate the mechanisms driving NK cell loss of function and to test potential therapeutic strategies to reverse this state. Finally, in the context of human chronic infection we analyzed samples from HBV infected patients in order to determine the phenotype, function and signaling capacity of NK cells to identify the drivers of NK cell dysfunction
Ortiz-Cuàran, Sandra. "Interactions between tumour suppressor p53 and HBV antigen HBx in liver carcinogenesis : molecular epidemiology and mechanistic studies." Thesis, Lyon 1, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012LYO10067.
Full textHepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the main form of primary liver cancer. HCC presents geographical variations in incidence that reflect variations in the prevalence of chronic infections by hepatitis B virus (HBV) and / or C (HCV) and dietary exposure to aflatoxins. In areas of high incidence, a specific mutation at codon 249 of TP53 gene is frequently detected in HCC and has been proposed as a molecular hallmark of aflatoxin exposure. The corresponding mutated protein p.R249S, interacts with the viral oncogene HBx, which modulates viral replication, proliferation and cell survival. HBX sequences are detectable in the genomic DNA of more than 80% of HBVrelated HCC. We investigated the associations of mutation R249S with the molecular characteristics of HBX and progression of HCC using specimens obtained in two case-control studies developed in Thailand and in The Gambia. Our results demonstrate (1) that the mutation R249S is preferentially associated with HCC that develop in the absence of pre-existing liver cirrhosis, (2) that the mutation is associated with the presence of polymorphisms in intron 1 of TP53, suggesting influence of genetic susceptibility factors on the formation of mutations, (3) that the mutation is usually associated with the retention of cancers with complete HBX sequences. These results suggest that the mutated protein p.R249S cooperates with HBx to promote the development of HCC without cirrhosis, and that susceptibility to the formation of this mutation is influenced by the polymorphic structure of TP53