Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Virus de Hepatitis VHC'
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Vuelvas, Galindez Silverio de Jesús. "ANÁLISIS DE LOS RESULTADOS DE LABORATORIO CLÍNICO DE PACIENTES CON PRUEBA CONFIRMATORIA A VHC DEL CENTRO ONCOLÓGICO ESTATAL EN EL PERIODO ENERO 2008 A DICIEMBRE 2017." Tesis de Licenciatura, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de México, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11799/104989.
Full textSantos, Márcio Bezerra. "Prevalência de marcadores sorológicos dos vírus das Hepatites B (VHB) e C (VHC) em indivíduos infectados por Schistosoma mansoni no bairro Santa Maria, Aracaju/SE." Universidade Federal de Sergipe, 2012. https://ri.ufs.br/handle/riufs/3246.
Full textThe Schistosomiasis is a parasitic disease, severe, chronic waterborne and development, whose etiologic agent is Schistosoma mansoni. It occurs in 74 countries with 207 million people infected and 700 million in risky areas. In Brazil, data indicate a prevalence of eight million. The Schistosomiasis can be exacerbated when patients are carriers of the Hepatitis B Virus (HBV) and C (HCV), resulting in simultaneous evolution of both pathologies. In Brazil, the prevalence of co-infection with HBV/HCV and S. mansoni found in studies ranged from 13.6% to 40% for HBV and 0.5% to 19.66% for the HCV. On this basis, this research aimed to identify the prevalence of serological markers of HBV and HCV and risky factors in individuals carrying the S. mansoni in the Santa Maria neighborhood, Aracaju, state of Sergipe. We conducted a cross-sectional epidemiological study. Data were collected for each patient by means of a questionnaire investigation. This questionnaire included variables identifying the subject of the research participants and variables that included the epidemiological risky factors for infection with HBV or HCV. We collected serum samples of research participants and forwarded to the laboratory testing to identify serological markers of hepatitis B and C: Total Anti-HBc IgG, Anti-HBs, HBsAg and Anti-HCV. All procedures performed using the technique of chemiluminescence immunoassay using the ARCHITECT assay for each serological marker following the protocols established by the laboratory equipment manufacturer SYSTEM ARCHITECT. In addition, we carried out the analysis of spatial distribution of co-infection in the district through the program using the TerraView Kernel intensity estimation. It was found that 16 individuals had contact with HBV (9.41%), one of these was positive for HBsAg. Only Thirty-two samples (18.82%) were positive for the marker Anti-HBs. Three samples were positive for anti-HCV (1.76%), and also a positive for Anti-HBc. The main risks of HBV and HCV infection were related to parenteral interventions of health services, as well as sexual activity without condom use in the case of HBV. Spatial analysis of cases of co-infection (Schistosomiasis and Hepatitis) allowed the visualization of areas of higher concentration of these infections, as well as those that are exposed to different degrees of risk of transmission. The survey results allow to offer, the municipal health services, a tool to facilitate the understanding of the spatial distribution of schistosomiasis and hepatitis (B and C) in Santa Maria neighborhood. Although our values are above the estimated prevalence for the Brazilian population and the Northeast, we can t infer that the individuals with Schistosomiasis are more susceptible to infection with HBV or HCV, since the risky factors were the means of risky transmission of causative agents of hepatitis and not infected with S. mansoni.
A Esquistossomose Mansônica é uma doença parasitária grave, de veiculação hídrica e evolução crônica, cujo agente etiológico é o Schistosoma mansoni. Ocorre em 74 países, com 207 milhões de pessoas infectadas e 700 milhões em áreas de risco. No Brasil, dados indicam uma prevalência de oito milhões. A Esquistossomose pode ser agravada quando os pacientes são portadores dos Vírus das Hepatites B (VHB) e C (VHC), resultando na evolução simultânea de ambas as patologias. No Brasil, As prevalências da co-infecção VHB/VHC e S. mansoni encontradas nos estudos realizados variaram de 13,6% a 40% para o HBV e de 0,5% a 19,66% para o HCV. Com base nisso, esta pesquisa objetivou identificar a prevalência de marcadores sorológicos do VHB e VHC e os fatores de risco em indivíduos portadores do S. mansoni no Bairro Santa Maria, Aracaju/SE. Foi realizado um estudo epidemiológico do tipo transversal. Coletaram-se dados de cada paciente por meio de um questionário investigativo. Este questionário contemplou variáveis de identificação do sujeito participante da pesquisa e variáveis epidemiológicas que incluíram os fatores de risco para infecção pelo HBV ou HCV. Foram coletadas alíquotas de soro dos participantes da pesquisa e encaminhadas para a realização das análises laboratoriais para identificação de marcadores sorológicos dos Vírus das Hepatites B e C: Anti-HBc Total IgG, Anti-HBs, HBsAg e Anti-HCV. Todos os procedimentos realizados utilizaram a técnica de Imunoensaio Quimioluminescente através do Ensaio ARCHITECT para cada marcador sorológico seguindo os protocolos de análises laboratoriais estabelecidos pelo fabricante do equipamento ARCHITECT SYSTEM. Além disso, realizou-se a análise espacial da distribuição da co-infecção no bairro através do programa TerraView utilizando o estimador de intensidade Kernel. Constatou-se que 16 indivíduos tiveram contato com o HBV (9,41%), desses um foi positivo para HBsAg. Apenas Trinta e duas amostras (18,82%) foram positivas para o marcador Anti-HBs. Três amostras foram positivas para Anti-HCV (1,76%), sendo uma também positiva para Anti-HBc. Os principais riscos de infecção pelo HBV e HCV foram relacionados às intervenções parenterais dos serviços de saúde, assim como à atividade sexual sem uso de preservativo, no caso do HBV. A análise espacial dos casos de co-infecção (Esquistossomose e Hepatite) permitiu a visualização de áreas de maior concentração dessas infecções, assim como as que são expostas a diferentes graus de risco de transmissão. Os resultados da pesquisa possibilitam oferecer, aos serviços municipais de saúde, um instrumento que facilite a compreensão da distribuição espacial da Esquistossomose e Hepatites (B e C) no bairro Santa Maria. Embora nossos valores sejam acima da prevalência estimada para a população brasileira e da região nordeste, não podemos inferir que os indivíduos portadores da Esquistossomose são mais susceptíveis à infecção pelo HBV ou HCV, uma vez que, os fatores de risco foram as vias de risco de transmissão de agentes causadores de hepatite e não a infecção pelo S. mansoni.
Alencar, Regiane Saraiva de Souza Melo. "Ocorrência da infecção oculta pelo vírus da hepatite B (VHB) em pacientes com cirrose hepática pelo vírus da hepatite C (VHC) com ou sem carcinoma hepatocelular (CHC)." Universidade de São Paulo, 2006. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/5/5147/tde-16102014-103147/.
Full textThis study evaluated serum and liver tissue samples from 50 patients with liver cirrhosis due to hepatitis C virus (HVC) that underwent liver transplant at the Hospital das Clínicas - University of São Paulo School of Medicine during the period of 1993 to 2004, divided into two groups: Group 1 (33 cirrhotic patients due to HCV) and Group 2 (17 cirrhotic patients due to HCV with hepatocellular carcinoma - HCC). Our aim was to study the occurrence of occult HBV0 infection in cirrhotic patients due to HCV with or without HCC through the molecular study of HBV DNA in the serum, tumoral liver tissue and non tumoral liver tissue by the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) techniques using in house and real time PCR. All the patients were HBsAg negative, having previous serum samples frozen at -20ºC and liver tissue explanted in paraffin, without presenting concomitant cholestatic, metabolic and autoimmune liver diseases. The following variables were collected: gender, age, biochemical and coagulation laboratory tests and HBV serology (HBsAg, anti-HBc total, anti-HBs). Among the clinical data, ascites and encephalopathy were collected for the Child and MELD prognostic indexes. In the explanted liver tissue the Ishak\'s Score, The Brazilian Society of Pathology and Hepatology Classification for chronic hepatitis, and Edmondson and Steiner Classification for HCC were applied in the liver tissue. All samples with or without tumoral liver tissue and serum were negative for HBV DNA using in house PCR technique. By the real time PCR technique only one case from Group 2 was HBV DNA positive in serum (male, 66, isolated anti-HBc total positive and HCC). In the tumoral and non-tumoral liver tissues there were two indeterminated HBV DNA cases among Group 2 patients. All samples for Group 1 patients were negative for HBV DNA using both techniques. In conclusion, our study has shown the extremely low occult hepatitis B virus infection among the HCV cirrhotic patients with or without HCC, maybe due to the low HBV past infection among the Southeastern Brazilian population
Santos, Ana Carolina de Oliveira. "Determinação do RNA-VHC no sêmen de pacientes cronicamente infectados pelo vírus da Hepatite C." Universidade de São Paulo, 2009. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/5/5134/tde-28082009-091828/.
Full textIntroduction: Hepatitis C vírus is a huge problem for public health, and its global prevalence is estimated around 3%. Its transmission by seminal fluid is still in discussion in several fields, such as assisted reproduction and in studies about risk factors, whether the hepatitis C virus is an STD (sexually transmitted disease) or not. Twenty-three patients were investigated. Objectives: 1.Establish a technique to detect the presence or absence of the HCV in semen from chronically infected patients; 2.Compare semen samples handling techniques, in order to decrease the amount of inhibitors on the samples; 3.Compare different PCR and detection techniques for the HCV in semen samples, in order to increase the sensibility of the test. Methods: On the first phase 20 patients were selected (13 filled the inclusion criterion). Semen and serum samples were collected. The semen samples were processed with the help of Percoll® 90% and 45%. The presence of the RNA-HCV were analyzed in serum with Amplicor Roche method, qualitative test. When positive, the serum samples were genotyped and the semen samples were extracted, by the same method, and the PCR was done. On the second phase 23 patients were selected, some of them were old patients from the first phase (20 filled the inclusion criterion). Semen and serum samples were collected. The semen samples were processed through a dilution series. The presence of HCV-RNA was analised by Amplicor Roche, qualitative test and by PCR in Real-time. The epidemiological data and genotypes were analised. Resultados: From the 23 patients selected the mean age was 40,7 years, mean 45 years. The mean time of Discovery was 7,15 years. Ten patients (37,1%) didn´t present any apparent epidemiology, eight patients (29,6%) contracted HCV through injection and inhalatory drug use; six patients (22,2%) through blood transfusion; two patients (7,4%) had history of drug use and blood transfusion and one patient (3,7%) who was a health professional. Genotype 3a was found in 40,7% of the patients, followed by 1a with 26% of the patients, 1b with 14,8%, 2b with 11,1% e 1a/1b in 7,4% of the patients. The samples processed with Percoll, 86,5% presented inhibited results. Whereas on the samples that were processed with dilution series and amplified on the conventional PCR only 25,62% presented inhibited results, 65% were undetected and 9,38% were positive. On the samples processed with dilution series on the Real-time PCR 95% were undetected and only 5% were positive. Conclusion: On the attempt of decreasing the amount of inhibitors found on the semen samples, the procedure of dilution series showed us more efficient results when compared to the Percoll procedure. However, the great amount of undetected showed that the viral load might have being diluted, leading us to the necessity of a more sensitive technique. There was no significant difference between the results of the conventional PCR and the Real-time. These increase on the undetected results may be a consequence of the absence of a internal control on the PCR reactions.
Clement, Camille. "Etude de la dynamique spatiotemporelle des interactions VHC-récepteurs." Thesis, Strasbourg, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019STRAJ098.
Full textTo infect hepatocytes the hepatitis C virus (HCV) interacts with many entry factors and thedynamics of HCV interaction with these receptors lead to virus uptake. Among them,Claudin 1 (CLDN1) and Occludin (OCLN), major proteins composing the tight junctions(TJs). The dynamics of spatiotemporal interaction and the location of the interaction remainunclear and controversial. During my pHD I used live cell imaging to study spatiotemporaldynamics of HCV-receptors. I developed biological imaging tools and generated several celllines that endogenously expressed OCLN and CLDN1 fused to a fluorescent tag andlabeled HCV particles. Live cell imaging and tracking of single viral particles demonstratedthat the HCV-OCLN interaction occurs outside of TJs and that the OCLN seems to stabilizethe HCV-receptor complex to allow its uptake in the cell
Picelli, Natália [UNESP]. "Coinfecção pelos vírus da hepatite C (VHC) vírus da imunodificência humana (HIV): polimosrfismo dos sistemas HPA -1, -3, 3 e -5." Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/92140.
Full textAlém de fatores virais e do hospedeiro a progressão da fibrose hepática resultante da infecção pelo Vírus da Hepatite C (VHC) tem sido relacionada a polimorfismos genéticos do hospedeiro. Nesta linha, recentemente polimorfismos dos Antígenos Plaquetários Humanos (HPA) foram associados à progressão para fibrose em pacientes monoinfectados pelo VHC. Alguns destes antígenos HPA residem em proteínas da família das integrinas, cuja expressão, também, já foi associada à progressão da fibrose hepática. No entanto, estudos relacionando polimorfismos genéticos do hospedeiro em pacientes coinfectados com o VHC e o Vírus da Imunodeficiência Humana (HIV) são raros e, não há nenhum estudo relacionando polimorfismos HPA com progressão para fibrose. Assim, o objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar possíveis associações dos polimorfismos dos sistemas HPA-1, -3 e -5, que residem em integrinas, na progressão da fibrose hepática em indivíduos coinfectados VHC/HIV. DNA Genômico de 56 pacientes coinfectados VHC/HIV foi utilizado como fonte para genotipagem dos sistemas HPA -1 e -3 por PCR-SSP, e HPA -5 por PCR-RFLP. Progressão da fibrose foi avaliada utilizando o escore de METAVIR, sendo constituídos dois grupos: Grupo 1 (G1): pacientes coinfectados VHC/HIV com baixo grau de fibrose (F1, fibrose portal sem septos ou F2, com poucos septos) e Grupo 2 (G2): pacientes coinfectados VHC/HIV com fibrose avançada (F3, numerosos septos ou F4, cirrose). Um grupo controle, do estudo de Silva e colaboradores (2012), constituído por pacientes monoinfectados pelo VHC com baixo grau de fibrose (F1 ou F2) e fibrose avançada (F3 ou F4) foi utilizado para as análises realizadas neste estudo. O Teste Exato de Fisher foi utilizado para avaliar possíveis associações entre o polimorfismo dos sistemas HPA -1, -3 e -5 e a progressão para fibrose, utilizando um nível de significância de 5%. Não houve desvio do equilíbrio...
To evaluate the associations of Human Platelet Antigen (HPA) polymorphisms -1, -3 and -5 with HIV/HCV coinfection. In this study were included 60 HIV/HCV-coinfected patients from the Sao Paulo State health service centers. Data reported by Verdichio-Moraes et al (2009) were used as the non-infected and HCV monoinfected groups to evaluate the association of HPA -1, -3 and -5 in HIV/VHC coinfected patients. HPA genotyping was performed in 60 HIV/HCV coinfected patients by PCR-SSP or PCR-RFLP. HIV subtyping and HCV genotyping was performed by RT-PCR followed sequencing. The data analyses were performed using the c2 test or Fisher’s Exact Test and the logistic regression model. HIV/HCV coinfected patients presented HCV either genotype 1 (78.3%) or non-1 (21.7%) and HIV either subtype B (85.0%) or non-B (15%). The HPA-1a/1b genotype was more frequent (p<0.05) in HIV/HCV coinfection than in HCV monoinfection and the allelic frequency of HPA-5b in the HIV/HCV coinfected patients was lower (P<0.05) than in HCV monoinfected cases and non-infected individuals. These data suggest that HIV presence may have influenced the interaction of HCV with platelets. On the other hand, HPA-5a/5b was more frequent (p<0.05) in HIV/HCV coinfected and HCV monoinfected groups than in the non-infected individuals, suggesting that this platelet genotype is related to HCV infection, regardless of HIV presence. Results suggest that the HPA profile in HIV/HCV coinfected individuals differs from the one of both HCV monoinfected and non-infected population. So, the HPA polymorphism can be a genetic marker associated with HIV/HCV coinfection
Shen, Hong. "Hepatitis C infection models." Thesis, Paris 5, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012PA05T016.
Full textHepatitis C virus (HCV) is one of the major causes of liver disease all over the world which has a high risk to progress to cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma. Currently, the licensed standard treatment of HCV infection is Pegylated-interferon (peg-IFN) and ribavirin. Although the sustained viral response (SVR) rate of treatment has improved during these years, this therapy is not effective in all patients. In addition, several toxic side effects, complication and high cost limit the patient compliance and the efficacy of the treatment. There is no easy model of HCV infection and it is necessary to develop useful in vitro and in vivo models to study the pathobiology of HCV infection, including early events of acute infection (viral entry, immunological mechanisms, and genetic predictors) as well as the evaluation of the potency of the HCV antiviral drugs. We report here in our efforts in developing suitable models of HCV infection. In a first step, we preliminary established a small animal model to study HCV infection. Tupaia is a small, closed related to primate and cost-effective animal. In our work, we investigated the susceptibly of tupaia to HCV infection. Twelve adult tupaias were inoculated with native HCV from patient serum and full-length HCV RNA (Genotype 1a). Three young tupaias were artificially breeded for a month and then inoculated by native HCV from patient serum. HCV RNA, anti-HCV and HCV quasi species evolution were determined in the animal before and after inoculation. Transient and intermittent infection occurred in two among 3 young tupaias and HCV chronic infection occurred in four among 12 adult tupaias. Tupaia should represent a useful model for study HCV chronic infection. In a second step, an in vitro culture system of primary tupaia hepatocytes has been established in which HCV infection could be blocked neither by the soluble CD81 nor by antibodies against CD81. To understand these results, we cloned, sequenced the large extracellular loop (LEL) of tupaia CD81 and analyzed the interaction of HCV E2 with the tupaia CD81 LEL by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (EIA). We found that in the tupaia the amino acids sequence of HCV CD81 LEL presented in 6 different amino acid residues compared with human CD81 LEL sequence and the CD81 LEL ability to bind to HCV E2 was also decreased. The different structure of CD81 between human and tupaia could explain the alteration of the interaction between HCV E2 and CD81. This result demonstrated an important role of CD81 LEL for HCV entry. In a third step, we developed an ex vivo model of human liver slices culture and their infection with HCV. The development of human cultured HCV-replication-permissive hepatocarcinoma cell lines has provided important new virological tools to study the mechanisms of HCV infection; however this experimental model remains distantly related to physiological and pathological conditions. Here, we report the development of a new ex vivo model using human adult liver slices culture, demonstrating, for the first time, the ability of primary isolates to undergo de novo viral replication with the production of high titer infectious virus, as well as JFH-1, H77/C3, Con1/C3 (HCVcc). This experimental model was validated by demonstrating the HCV neutralization or HCV inhibition, in a dose-dependent manner, either by CD81 or E2 specific antibodies or convalescent serum from a recovered HCV patient, or by anti-viral drugs. This new ex vivo model represents a powerful tool for studying the viral life cycle, dynamics of virus spread in the liver and also for evaluating the efficacy of the new antiviral drugs. In the last step, we evaluated the efficacy of the new antiviral drugs with our ex vivo model of human adult liver slices. HCV NS3/4A protease is essential for viral replication and has been one of the most important target for developing specific antiviral drug
Matas, Crespí Marina. "Interacció VHC-hoste: Estudi genètic i clínic en pacients coinfectats amb VHC-VIH." Doctoral thesis, Universitat de les Illes Balears, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/111335.
Full textPassini, Sione Souza Santos. "Prevalência de infecção pelo vírus da hepatite C (VHC)em gestantes e transmissão materno-infantil." Centro de Pesquisas Gonçalo Moniz, 2012. https://www.arca.fiocruz.br/handle/icict/7151.
Full textMade available in DSpace on 2013-10-15T16:15:07Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Sione Passini Prevalência de infecção... 2013.pdf: 2410664 bytes, checksum: 9fd8b1765a81738455f4e2fc95fd769a (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012
Fundação Oswaldo Cruz. Centro de Pesquisas Gonçalo Moniz. Salvador, BA, Brasil
A transmissão materno-infantil (TMI) do vírus da hepatite C (VHC) ocorre em 4%-13% das gestações quando a mãe é infectada, e poucos estudos de prevalência foram realizados em gestantes no Brasil. O objetivo desta pesquisa foi determinar a prevalência de infecção e fatores associados à presença de infecção pelo VHC em gestantes, e determinar a taxa de TMI do VHC. O estudo foi realizado em Salvador, no período entre Maio de 2009 e Abril de 2011, na Maternidade Referência Professor José Maria Magalhães Netto. Todas as voluntárias que assinaram ao TCLE, tiveram seus prontuários revisados e tiveram amostra de soro coletada para a realização do teste rápido anti-VHC (Bioeasy), ELISA 3ª geração (Artech), e detecção do VHC-RNA Qualitativo e Quantitativo (AMPLICOR HCV TESTE, ROCHE versão 2.0). Em uma subamostra de gestantes selecionada aleatoriamente, realizouse entrevista para analisar fatores sócio-demográficos e de exposição ao VHC não disponíveis nos prontuários. A análise estatística descritiva e de associação foram realizadas utilizando o programa EPI Info 3.5.3 (CDC, Atlanta, GE, EUA). Foram incluídas no estudo 3.049 gestantes, sendo que 8 (0,26%; IC 95%: 0,12%-0,50%)foram soropositivos para o anti-VHC pelo ELISA e 6 (0,20%; IC 95%: 0,08%-0,41%) confirmaram viremia. Todos os VHC genotipados pertenceram ao genótipo 1, 1a ou 1b. Os principais fatores associados à infecção materna pelo VHC foram uso de drogas, tatuagem, e infecção por HIV (p < 0,05). Das 6 gestantes com HCV positivo, 2 (33,3%; IC 95%: 6,0%-73,8%) transmitiram o HCV para seus filhos. Em um dos casos de TMI, a mãe relatou ter feito uso de drogas injetáveis e inaláveis durante a gestação, possuía tatuagem e era portadora do HIV sob tratamento antiretroviral. O recém-nascido (RN) nasceu com idade gestacional (IG) de 38 semanas através de parto cesariano eletivo. No outro caso, a mãe relatou uso de drogas injetáveis e inaláveis, possuía piercing e tatuagem, mas não foi portadora de HIV. O RN nasceu com IG de 39 semanas, através de parto normal, com tempo de ruptura da bolsa de 15 horas. Concluímos que a prevalência de infecção pelo VHC entre gestantes é baixa quando comparada à da população em geral na mesma localidade, sendo associado a uso de drogas e tatuagem. A taxa de TMI do VHC encontrada foi maior do que o esperado. Assim, estudos mais amplos serão necessários.
The mother-to-child transmission (MTCT) of hepatitis C virus (HCV) occurs in 4%- 13% of pregnancies when the mothers are infected and very few studies were conducted to determine the HCV prevalence in pregnant women in Brazil. The aim of this work was to determine the prevalence and associated factors of HCV infection in pregnant women, and the rate of the MTCT of HCV. It was conducted in Salvador, between March 2009 and April 2011, at the maternity hospital Prof. José Maria Magalhães Netto. All volunteers signed to informed consent, their medical records were reviewed and serum samples were collect for screening anti-HCV antibody by a rapid anti-HCV testing (Bioeasy), ELISA 3rd generation (Artech), and HCV-RNA qualitative and quantitative detection (AMPLICOR HCV TEST, ROCHE version 2.0). In a randomly selected pregnant women subsample, interviews were made to evaluate socio-demographic and exposure factors for HCV, not available in the records. The descriptive and association statistical analysis were performed using Epi Info 3.5.3 (CDC, Atlanta, GE, USA). The study included 3.049 pregnant women, 8 (0.26%; 95% CI: 0.12%-0.50%) were anti-HCV positive by ELISA and 6 (0.20%; 95% CI: 0.08%-0.41%) confirmed viremia. All genotypes HCV belonged to genotype 1, 1a or 1b. Injection and inhaled drug use, tattoo and piercing were the most important associated factors for the mother infection. Out of the 6 HCV infected mothers, 2 (33.3%; 95% CI: 6.0%-73.8%) transmitted HCV to their newborns. In one of the cases of MTCT, the mother reported to injection and inhaled drug user during pregnancy, had tattoo and was HIV carrier held under antiretroviral therapy. The newborn was born at gestational age (GA) 38 weeks by elective cesarean section. In the other case, the mother was also injection and inhaled drug user, had piercing and tattooing. Her newborn was born at GA 39 weeks by normal delivery, and time of rupture of membranes was estimated to be 15 hours. We conclude that the prevalence of HCV infection among pregnant women was lower than the prevalence in the general population in the same locality, been associated to drug use and tattoo. The rate of MTCT of HCV was higher than expected. Thus, larger studies are required.
Castro, Bohórquez Francisco José. "Utilidad de la monitorización del ARN del virus de la Hepatitis C durante el tratamiento antiviral como factor predictor de respuesta mantenida." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 2001. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/4356.
Full textA) Para la evaluación de unas técnicas de RT/PCR de segunda generación en sus versiones cualitativa (Amplicor v2.0) y cuantitativa (Monitor v2.0) utilizamos tres tipos de muestras: donantes de sangre con anticuerpos Anti-VHC pero ARN no detectable por una técnica cualitativa de primera generación (n=132), pacientes con hepatitis crónica C (n=326) y diluciones de un estándar de VHC de concentración conocida. El límite inferior de detección fue de 100 copias de estándar del VHC /mL para Amplicor v2.0 y de 1000 copias/mL para Amplicor v1.0. De los 132 donantes de sangre con serología anti-VHC positiva y ARN del VHC indetectable por Amplicor v1.0, en 6 (5%) casos se detectó ARN del VHC utilizando Amplicor v2.0. La carga viral según Monitor v2.0 fue mayor que la obtenida mediante Monitor v1.0 para todos los genotipos. No hubo diferencias entre las cargas virales medias de los genotipos 1, 2 y 3 al utilizar Monitor v2.0, mientras que la carga viral del genotipo 4 fue inferior al resto. Se ha descrito que Monitor 1.0 subestima la carga viral en los genotipos 2 y 3 con respecto al genotipo 1. En cambio Monitor v2.0 cuantifica por igual los genotipos 1, 2 y 3. Además ha reducido la diferencia entre el genotipo 4 y el resto de 1.5 log a 0.5 log. En conjunto las técnicas de segunda generación son más sensibles en un logaritmo y menos genotipo dependientes que las de primer generación.
B) Fueron incluidos 184 pacientes afectos de hepatitis la crónica C que habían seguido tratamiento antiviral: 62 pacientes con interferón y 122 pacientes con interferón más ribavirina. En ambos grupos ALT y ARN de VHC se determinaron mensualmente. La respuesta mantenida ocurrió en 13 (22%) pacientes en el grupo de interferón y 21 pacientes (17%) en el grupo de terapia combinada. La persistencia de viremia cualitativa tras un mes de interferón monoterapia y tras cinco mes de terapia combinada eran los predictores más potentes de no respuesta (valor predictivo negativo de 100% y 99%, respectivamente). Las variables asociadas con la respuesta mantenida eran HCV genotipo (P=0.06), carga viral < 5.1 log/ml (P=0.005) y ARN VHC no detectable tras un mes (P<0.0001) en el grupo de interferón monoterapia; sexo femenino (P=0.04), genotipo (P=0.03), la carga viral < 5.5 log/ml (P=0.01), ALT normal (P=0.001) y descenso en la carga viral >1.2 log/ml después de 2 meses de interferón monoterapia (P<0.001) y viremia negativa tras cinco meses de terapia combinada (P<0.0001) en el grupo de tratamiento combinado. La evaluación cualitativa de ARN de VHC durante el tratamiento es el predictor más potente de respuesta mantenida de la hepatitis crónica C.
C) Se incluyeron 30 pacientes que habían seguido tratamiento con interferón-"2b más ribavirina durante 12 meses. Seis meses tras la retirada de la terapia 10 pacientes presentaron una respuesta mantenida y los otros 20 fueron considerados no respondedores. Se determinó la carga viral basal, al mes, dos meses y tres meses de tratamiento mediante una RT/PCR cuantitativa calibrada en unidades internacionales (Amplicor HCV Monitor v2.0). La carga viral no mostró variaciones significativas en los pacientes no respondedores durante los primeros meses de terapia combinada (6.3±0.7 versus 6±0.9, 5,7±1 and 5,9±0.9 log UI/mL al inicio y tras uno, dos y tres meses, respectivamente). Sin embargo la carga viral de los pacientes que presentaron respuesta mantenida disminuyó progresivamente en cada muestra mensual, llegando a ser indetectable al tercer mes en todos los pacientes. Se construyeron curvas COR referentes a la carga viral en los meses 1, 2 y 3 para predicción de respuesta mantenida. Fueron detectados los siguientes picos de sensibilidad: 5 log/mL en el mes 1, 4 log/mL en el mes 2 y 3 log/mL en el mes 3. La carga viral durante los tres primeros meses de tratamiento con interferón y ribavirina es el predictor de respuesta más potente.
The hepatitis C virus (HCV), a single-stranded RNA virus, is the etiologic agent in most cases of post-transfusion and sporadic non-A, non-B hepatitis worldwide. This infection has a high rate of persistence and progression to chronic liver disease. HCV infection is a leading cause of end-stage liver disease requiring liver transplantation, and is also associated with hepatocellular carcinoma. To evaluate the utility of monitoring RNA HCV levels during antiviral therapy as predictor of long-term response, we have done three studies.
A) HCV RNA qualitative and quantitative second generation assays (Amplicor HCV v2.0 and Amplicor HCV Monitor v2.0, respectively) have been evaluated by testing serum samples from 132 blood donors anti-HCV positive HCV RNA negative by first generation qualitative assay and 326 viremic patients. An HCV RNA transcript was synthesized and ten-fold dilutions were used to assess sensitivity. Second generation assays were one log more sensitive than their respective first generation tests (102 copies/ml vs. 103 for the qualitative tests; 103 copies/ml vs. 104 for the quantitative tests). From the 132 anti-HCV positive RNA negative subjects, 6 (5%) were positive by Amplicor v2.0. Quantification figures by Monitor v2.0 were similar in genotypes 1, 2 and 3, whereas Monitor 1.0 values were higher in genotype 1 than in genotype 2 or 3. In 114 patients, branched-DNA v2.0 obtained higher values than Monitor v2.0 and Monitor v1.0 (6.6+0.6 log RNA copies/ml, 6.4+0.6, and 5.3+0.7, respectively, P<0.001). HCV RNA qualitative and quantitative second generation assays are more sensitive and genotype independent than first generation assays.
B) One hundred and eighty-four patients with chronic hepatitis C treated with interferon alone (62 patients) or interferon plus ribavirin (122 patients) for 12 months were studied. In both groups aminotransferase and HCV RNA were tested weekly for one month, biweekly for two months and monthly thereafter. Sustained response ocurred in 13 (22%) and 21 patients (17%) in the interferon and combination group, respectively. Persistence of viremia at one month of interferon monotherapy and at five month of combination therapy were the strongest predictors of non-response (predictive value of 100% and 99%, respectively; 95% confidence interval 93.2-99.9%). Independent variables associated with sustained response were HCV genotype (P=0.06), viral load £ 5.1 logs/ml (P=0.005) and negative HCV RNA at one month (P<0.0001) in the interferon group. And female sex (P=0.04), genotype (P=0.03), viral load £ 5.5 logs/ml (P=0.01), normal ALT (P=0.001) and decline in viral load *1.2 logs/ml after 2 months of interferon monotherapy f(P<0.001) and negative viremia at five months of ribavirin onset (P<0.0001) in the combination group. Qualitative assessment of HCV RNA during treatment is the strongest predictor of sustained response during interferon or combination therapy for chronic hepatitis C.
C) The dynamics of hepatitis C virus RNA during treatment with interferon plus ribavirin are not well known. We evaluated the predictive value of HCV RNA early decline during combination therapy. Thirty chronic hepatitis C patients that had followed interferon plus ribavirin for twelve months were included. Serum HCV RNA was measured in sera obtained at baseline and at 4, 8 and 12 weeks after initiation of treatment using a second generation commercially available quantitative RT/PCR assay. After six months of postherapy follow-up 10 (33%) patients were considered sustained responders and 20 (66%) non responders. While in non responders HCV RNA levels remained stable during the first three months of treatment (6.3±0.7 versus 6±0.9, 5,7±1 and 5,9±0.9 log10 HCV RNA IU/mL at baseline and at weeks 4, 8 and 12 respectively) sustained responders showed significant declines in viral load at each subsequent sample (rHCV RNA of 3.5±1.6 log10 IU/mL, 5.1±1.7, and 6±0.9 at weeks 4,8 and 12 respectively). At week 12 all sustained responders had HCV RNA levels below 600 IU/mL, as compared to only one of 20 non responders (P<0.001). ROC curves of HCV RNA level for sustained response prediction identified sensitivity peaks (5 log at 4 weeks, 4 log at 8 weeks and 3 log at 12 weeks) with 100% negative predictive value. Our results suggest that HCV RNA levels during the first three months of combination therapy for chronic hepatitis C are the strongest predictors of response.
Ahmed, El Sayed Neveen. "Study of RNA synthesis of hepatitis C virus in vitro and in cells of hepatocarcinoma." Thesis, Bordeaux 2, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011BOR21868/document.
Full textThe hepatitis C virus (HCV) NS5B protein displays a RNA-dependent RNA polymerase activity essential for replication of the viral RNA genome. This replication involves the synthesis of a replication intermediate of negative polarity. In vitro and likely in vivo, the NS5B initiates RNA synthesis by a de novo mechanism which requires specific interactions between the polymerase and viral RNA elements. In the first part of results, we described a combined structural and functional analysis of HCV-NS5B to study the role of a C-terminal segment (termed linker) and of GTP in RNA synthesis. Our results demonstrated that high GTP concentrations are necessary for the transition from the initiation to the elongation of RNA synthesis, and that linker mutations at position S556 did not modify the GTP requirement of NS5B for this transition. However, the initiation of RNA synthesis was greatly enhanced by a S556K mutation. These results together with a structural analysis point to the direct involvement of the linker in the de novo initiation of RNA synthesis. In the second and third parts of results, we studied the role of RNA elements in RNA synthesis. We demonstrated that the SL-E1 stem–loop formed by nucleotides 177–222 from the 3’-end of the HCV (-) RNA is important for RNA synthesis both in vitro by the recombinant NS5B and in Huh7 cells by HCV replication complex (RC). We also showed that SL-E1 is involved in initiation of RNA synthesis, at least in vitro. Then we studied the role of other viral RNA elements in core coding sequences (SLV and SLVI stem loops) and the involvement of the microRNA miR122 in RNA translation and RNA synthesis. For SLV and SLVI, our data did not show any clear role of these core-coding sequences or of their complement in the (-) RNA in RNA synthesis both in vitro by the recombinant NS5B and in cell culture by HCV-RC. We confirmed their negative effect on HCV-IRES translation through long range RNA-RNA interaction between SL-VI sequences and the 5’UTR and demonstrated that miR122 cannot disrupted this interaction and switches the region to an open conformation. Conversely, our data indicated that the SL-VI domain can counteract the negative effect of the interaction between the domain III of IRES and the 5BSL3.2 stem loop localized at the 3’end of the genome. These results point to the complexity of RNA/RNA and RNA/proteins interactions in the HCV replication cycle
Larrousse, Morellón Maria. "Avances en el diagnóstico de la fibrosis hepática, manejo y tratamiento de la hepatitis crónica por el virus de la hepatitis C en pacientes infectados por el virus de la inmunodeficiencia humana." Doctoral thesis, Universitat de Barcelona, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/2330.
Full textEn los países desarrollados, la introducción del tratamiento antirretroviral de gran actividad (TARGA) ha revolucionado la perspectiva del paciente infectado por el virus de la Inmunodeficiencia Humana tipo 1(VIH), produciendo un aumento espectacular de la supervivencia y una reducción muy importante de las infecciones oportunistas y neoplasias asociadas al síndrome de inmunodeficiencia adquirida (SIDA). En este contexto, la infección crónica por el virus de la hepatitis C (VHC) ha tomado gran relevancia clínica situándose como una de las primeras causas de ingreso hospitalario y muerte en los pacientes infectados por el VIH.
La coinfección de estos virus no es un proceso aislado. De los 40 millones estimados de pacientes infectados por el VIH-1 en el mundo, aproximadamente un tercio presenta una infección crónica por el VHC lo que supone unos 12 millones de pacientes coinfectados a nivel mundial. Aproximadamente el 30% de la población seropositiva está coinfectada por el VHC. Esta elevada tasa de prevalencia de coinfección se debe en gran medida a que ambos virus comparten similares vías de transmisión. Si nos centramos exclusivamente en los pacientes que han adquirido la infección por el VIH por vía parenteral, principalmente en pacientes adictos a drogas endovenosas o pacientes hemofílicos, este número se eleva aproximadamente a un 90% de los pacientes (6). Estudios epidemiológicos han demostrado que el 65% de los pacientes con adicción a drogas por vía parenteral presentan anticuerpos para el VHC a los 12 meses tras el inicio del consumo. Este dato permite calcular el tiempo que un paciente lleva infectado por el VHC.
En los últimos años se ha detectado que los pacientes coinfectados por ambos virus tienen peor pronóstico que los monoinfectados por VHC. La progresión de la enfermedad hepática se encuentra acelerada, los pacientes presentan una mayor progresión a cirrosis, mayor incidencia de hepatocarcinoma, y menor supervivencia desde la primera descompensación respecto a los pacientes con monoinfectados por el VHC. Por tanto, la consideración del tratamiento de la VHC es una prioridad en el manejo y tratamiento de los pacientes coinfectados por el VIH y VHC.
La presente tesis recoge un total de cinco artículos en los que se ha difundido la investigación asociada con la misma. El primero ("Noninvasive Diagnosis of Hepatic Fibrosis in HIV/HCV-Coinfected Patients". JAIDS 2007; 46:304-311) analiza los marcadores no invasivos de fibrosis hepática en pacientes infectados por el VIH y VHC. El segundo ("Peginterferon alfa-2b plus ribavirin compared with interferon alfa-2b plus ribavirin for treatment of HIV/HCV co-infected patients". AIDS. 2004; 18(13):27-36.) contiene un estudio clínico que compara dos estrategias de tratamiento de la hepatopatía por VHC con Peginterferon alfa-2b con ribavirina comparada con interferon alfa-2b con ribavirina en pacientes coinfectados por el VIH y el VHC. El tercer artículo ("Predictive Value of Early Virologic Response in HIV/Hepatitis C Virus-Coinfected Patients Treated With an Interferon-Based Regimen Plus Ribavirin". JAIDS 2007; 44:174-178.) estudia el valor predictivo de la RVP en pacientes coinfectados por VIH y VHC tratados con un régimen basado un interferon y ribavirina. Por su parte, el artículo número cuatro ("Randomized trial comparing pegylated interferon alpha-2b versus pegylated interferon alpha-2a, both plus ribavirin, to treat chronic hepatitis C in human immunodeficiency virus patients". Hepatology 2009; 49:22-31) realiza un estudio clínico randomizado que compara dos estrategias de tratamiento con interferón pegilado alfa 2a versus interferon pegilado alfa 2b junto con Ribavirina en ambos grupos en pacientes coinfectados por el VIH y VHC. Por último, el artículo cinco ("Pharmacokinetics of Fosamprenavir plus Ritonavir in HIV-1-infected Adult Subjects with Hepatic Impairment." Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. 2009; 53: 5185-96) realiza un estudio de farmacocinética de fase I con fosamprenavir y ritonavir en pacientes infectados por el VIH con disfunción hepática.
Revuelto, Artigas Tamara. "Ateromatosis subclínica en pacientes con infección crónica por virus de la Hepatitis C: Factores de riesgo y modificación tras la terapia con Antivirales de Acción Directa." Doctoral thesis, Universitat de Lleida, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/667849.
Full textOBJETIVO: Analizar si la infección VHC es un factor de riesgo independiente de ateromatosis subclínica y conocer las características que influyen en la composición de las placas, así como su modificación tras 12 meses de la terapia con Antivirales de acción directa (AAD). MATERIAL Y MÉTODOS: Estudio prospectivo que compara 185 pacientes VHC con diferentes genotipos y fibrosis hepática antes de AAD, frente a 411 sujetos sin infección, con similar riesgo cardiovascular. La ateromatosis subclínica (GIM y presencia de placas) y composición de la placa (software HEMODYN 4) se evaluó con ecografía en territorio carotídeo y femoral al inicio y tras 12 meses de AAD. RESULTADOS: Se detectó mayor GIM (0,83 vs 0,73mm; p=0,045), placa de ateroma (63% vs 44%; p<0,001) con composición lipídica (50% vs 29%; p<0,001) en los pacientes VHC que en controles. El porcentaje de lípidos se asocio con edad y VHC (p<0,001).Los factores de riesgo de ateromatosis fueron la infección VHC (OR=2,64), el sexo masculino (OR=2,79), la edad (OR=1,08, con un RR=3,11 en pacientes infectados menores de 55años), el tabaquismo (OR=3,25), la tensión arterial (OR=1,02) y el índice de insulinorresistencia (TyG, OR=3,18). Respecto a las características virales, solo influyó el genotipo (OR=2,46, con un riesgo de placa G2 45,4%, G1 55,3%, G4 78,8% y G3 94,4%) independiente de la fibrosis hepática. Tras 12meses de la respuesta viral sostenida con AAD, evaluamos 85 pacientes sin detectar modificación del GIM (0,74 vs 0,81mm; p=0,068) ni en la placa (66% vs 72%; p=0,063). En la composición, se observó una leve tendencia a la disminución de lípidos no significativa (49,5 vs 47%; p=0,305). Tras este periodo, detectamos una mejoría de la esteatosis y fibrosis hepática, pero un aumento de los niveles séricos de colesterol (p<0,001). CONCLUSIONES: La infección crónica por VHC es factor de riesgo independiente de ateromatosis subclínica acelerada con placas predominantemente lipídicas, la ecografía arterial es un método no invasivo para la evaluación del riesgo cardiovascular. Tras 12meses de la erradicación del VHC con AAD no mejora la ateromatosis globalmente ni al ajustar por factores vasculares o severidad de fibrosis hepática.
OBJECTIVE: To analyze whether HCV infection is an independent risk factor for subclinical atheromatosis and to know the characteristics that influence the composition of the plaques, as well as its modification after 12 months of direct action antiviral therapy (DAA). MATERIAL AND METHODS: Prospective study comparing 185 HCV patients with different genotypes and liver fibrosis before AAD, compared to 411 subjects without infection, with similar cardiovascular risk. Subclinical atheromatosis (IMT and presence of plaques) and plaque composition (software HEMODYN 4) was evaluated with ultrasound in the carotid and femoral territory at the beginning and after 12 months of DAA. RESULTS: Higher MIC was detected (0.83 vs 0.73 mm, p = 0.045), atheroma plaque (63% vs 44%, p <0.001) with lipid composition (50% vs 29%, p <0.001) in the HCV patients than in controls. The percentage of lipids was associated with age and HCV (p <0.001). The risk factors for atheromatosis were HCV infection (OR = 2.64), male sex (OR = 2.79), age (OR = 1.08, with RR = 3.11 in infected patients under 55 years of age), smoking (OR = 3.25), blood pressure (OR = 1.02) and the insulin resistance index (TyG, OR = 3 , 18). Regarding the viral characteristics, only the genotype influenced (OR = 2.46, with a risk of G2 plaque 45.4%, G1 55.3%, G4 78.8% and G3 94.4%) independent of fibrosis hepatic After 12 months of the sustained viral response with DAA, we evaluated 85 patients without detecting a change in the IMT (0.74 vs 0.81 mm, p = 0.068) or in the plaque (66% vs 72%, p = 0.063). In the composition, there was a slight tendency to decrease lipids not significant (49.5 vs 47%, p = 0.305). After this period, we detected an improvement in steatosis and liver fibrosis, but an increase in serum cholesterol levels (p <0.001). CONCLUSIONS: Chronic HCV infection is an independent risk factor for accelerated subclinical atheromatosis with predominantly lipid plaques; arterial ultrasound is a non-invasive method for evaluating cardiovascular risk. After 12 months of eradication of HCV with DAA, atheromatosis does not improve globally nor does it adjust for vascular factors or severity of liver fibrosis.
Jordier, Edme. "Epidémiologie moléculaire du virus de l'hépatite C (VHC) chez les donneurs de sang français entre 2008 et 2011 : caractérisation de génomes complets du VHC appartenant au génotype 2." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013AIXM5095.
Full textThe distribution of genotypes of hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection among blood donors French between 2008 and 2011 was analyzed in order to update our knowledge. Genotyping strains identified the diversity of circulating genotypes. Subtypes 1a, 1b and 3a are found predominantly (80 % of strains). Phylogenetic analysis showed a great variability in types 2 and 4 represented by many subtypes. The results show that risk behaviors tend to influence and reshape the distribution of these genotypes in the general population. Some subtypes are spreading risk groups where they eventually adopt an epidemic profile. Finally, donor selection and implementation of diagnostic tests reduced drastically blood contamination. Epidemic data were enriched of new knowledge about the evolution and classification of HCV. 15 complete coding sequences of several strains of type 2 have been characterized. Phylogenetic analysis reveals two distinct clusters. Cluster 1 includes most strains while cluster 2 includes subtype 2l. Genomes obtained have an ORF of 9042 to 9108 bases (3014-3036 amino acids). The average distances between subtypes are equal to 20% in cluster 1 and 26 % between the two clusters. The bifurcation between clusters occurred early during the evolution of the virus. The insertion of 60 bases in the NS5A region characteristic of Type 2 is absent in 2l. So the appearance and fixing it is late in the evolution of the virus
Pacheco, Sidelcina Rugieri. "Prevalência de infecção pelo vírus da hepatite C (VHC) em pacientes com anemia falciforme (AF) e associação entre a hepatite viral e as manifestações clínicas da doença de base." reponame:Repositório Institucional da FIOCRUZ, 2010. https://www.arca.fiocruz.br/handle/icict/4303.
Full textMade available in DSpace on 2012-08-29T20:58:12Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Sidelcina Rugieri Pacheco Prevalencia de enfecção pelo virus da hepatite c....pdf: 867639 bytes, checksum: 379cd008d8b47ad5e4f6b594cffcdace (MD5) Previous issue date: 2010
Fundação Oswaldo Cruz. Centro de Pesquisas Gonçalo Moniz. Salvador, Bahia, Brasil
Os indivíduos com anemia falciforme são considerados como pertencentes aos grupos de risco para infecção pelo vírus da hepatite C (VHC) pós-transfusional, sobretudo, antes da implantação da triagem sorológica nos bancos de sangue, que no Brasil ocorreu em 1993. O objetivo do presente estudo foi determinar a prevalência de infecção e os genótipos do VHC circulantes nos pacientes com anemia falciforme, bem como avaliar a contribuição de outros fatores de risco para a aquisição do VHC e a possível associação do VHC com as manifestações clínicas da doença de base. Os pacientes com anemia falciforme atendidos no ambulatório multidisciplinar da HEMOBA foram convidados a participar do estudo, mediante assinatura do TCLE e resposta a um questionário clínico-epidemiológico individual. O diagnóstico laboratorial do VHC foi realizado através de ELISA de 4. geração para o anticorpo anti-VHC pela HEMOBA e a confirmação da infecção e genotipagem do RNA do VHC (VHC-RNA) nas amostras soropositivos para o anti-VHC através de técnicas de biologia molecular no LACEN-BA. Dados adicionais, tais como, histórico clínico e resultado de exames sorológicos e bioquímicos foram obtidos através da revisão de prontuários. Entre janeiro de 2009 e setembro de 2010, 585 pacientes com anemia falciforme foram incluídos no estudo. A média de idade foi de 21,1 ± DP 13,1 anos (1 - 65 anos). Trinta e sete pacientes com anemia falciforme apresentaram soropositividade para anti-VHC, que representa uma soroprevalência global de 6,4% (IC 95% 4,4 – 8,3 %). A soroprevalência foi associada com residência na Região Metropolitana de Salvador (RMS), período da primeira transfusão, número de transfusões e utilização de seringa não descartável (p<0,05), mas não foi encontrada associação com sexo, compartilhamento de utensílios domésticos ou uso de drogas. Entre os menores de 17 anos a soroprevalência foi de 1,5 % semelhante à prevalência na população em geral. A prevalência de infecção confirmada pela detecção do VHC RNA foi de 3,3 % (21/583) (IC 95% 2,1 – 5,1%). O genótipo 1 do VHC foi predominante, presente em 76,2%, seguido do genótipo 3, presente em 23,8% dos pacientes com anemia falciforme. O HTLV I/II foi encontrado em 2,6 % e a co-infecção com VHC chegou a 53,3%. Não foram encontrados casos de HIV. A infecção pelo VHC demonstrou associação significativa com manifestações clinicas da anemia falciforme como dactilite e osteonecrose. A anemia falciforme determina alterações em vários marcadores de avaliação do perfil hepático, entretanto, apenas elevações de TGP foram associadas com a infecção pelo VHC. Foi observado nesse estudo que o risco de infecção pelo VHC em pacientes com anemia falciforme foi reduzido desde a implantação da triagem sorológica, porém um risco residual ainda existe.
People affected by sickle cell anemia are considered at risk for post-transfusional hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection, especially prior to the implementation of serological screening tests in blood banks such as those that occurred in Brazil in 1993. The impact of this control measure and the possible interaction between hepatitis C and severity of sickle cell disease are unknown. We aim to determine the prevalence of infection and HCV genotypes circulating among patients with sickle cell anemia, to assess the contribution of other risk factors to the occurrence of new infections and to investigate the possible effect of HCV on the underlying disease severity. Sickle cell anemia outpatients who attended the multidisciplinary clinic from HEMOBA were invited to participate in the study, required to sign the informed consent waiver and answer an individual clinical-epidemiological questionnaire. HCV laboratory diagnosis was performed in HEMOBA using ELISA 4.generation to detect the anti-HCV antibody. Infections were confirmed and genotyped for the anti-HCV positive samples in LACEN-BA with molecular biology techniques. Additional data such as clinical history and examination results were obtained by reviewing patient’s charts. Between January 2009 and September 2010, 585 sickle cell anemia were included. The mean age was 21.1 ± 13.1 years (1-65 years). Thirty-seven sickle cell anemia showed seropositivity for anti-HCV, which represents an overall seroprevalence of 6.4% (95% CI 4.4 to 8.3%). The seroprevalence was associated with residence in the Metropolitan Region of Salvador (RMS), the time of first transfusion, number of transfusions and use of disposable syringe (p <0.05) but was not associated with sex, sharing domestic utensils or drug use. Among those younger than 17 years the prevalence was 1.5% similar to the prevalence in the general population. Blood transfusion was the only risk factor identified in this group. The prevalence of HCV infection confirmed by detection of HCV-RNA was 3.3% (21/583) (95% CI 2.1 to 5.1%). The HCV genotype 1 was predominant, it was present in 76.2%, followed by genotype 3, 23.8%. HTLV I / II was sickle cell anemia and HCV co-infection reached 53.3%. HIV infections were not reported in this study group. HCV infection showed a significant association with clinical manifestations of sickle cell disease and dactylitis and osteonecrosis. Sickle cell anemia causes alterations in several markers for assessing the hepatic profile, however only ALT was associated with HCV infection. Risk of HCV infection in sickle cell anemia was reduced after the implementation of serological screening, but residual risk remains.
García, Retortillo Montserrat. "Recurrencia de la infección crónica por el virus de la hepatitis C (VHC) tras el trasplante hepático: factores predictivos de recidiva precoz y grave." Doctoral thesis, Universitat de Barcelona, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/2183.
Full textLa recurrencia de la infección por el VHC se produce de forma universal tras el trasplante hepático. La hepatopatía secundaria a la recurrencia de la infección tras el trasplante hepático evoluciona de forma más rápida que en sujetos inmunocompetentes y condiciona una peor supervivencia del injerto y del paciente.
-El estudio de la cinética viral del VHC durante el trasplante y en la fase inmediatamente posterior. A través de este estudio se describió un descenso rápido de la carga viral en la fase anhepática y en la de reperfusión debido a la falta de producción de viriones y de aclaramiento hepático. Sin embargo, el ARN del VHC es detectable durante prácticamente todo el proceso y es a partir de estas partículas circulantes que se infecta el injerto. La replicación viral se inicia a las pocas horas tras la reperfusión hepática como lo demuestra el incremento de la carga viral que se produce en los días posteriores.
-Eficacia y seguridad del tratamiento antiviral con interferón y ribavirina en pacientes cirróticos infectados por el VHC en lista de espera para trasplante hepático. Una de las estrategias propuestas para impedir la recidiva de la infección tras el TH es la erradicación del VHC en la fase pre-TH. La cirrosis avanzada constituye una contraindicación para el tratamiento antiviral con interferón y ribavirina. Sin embargo, con una selección adecuada de los pacientes y un seguimiento estrecho, la eficacia del tratamiento antiviral alcanzó un 30% (negativización del ARN-VHC).En un 20% de los pacientes del estudio se logró evitar la recidiva de la infección tras el trasplante
-Recurrencia de la infección por el VHC tras el TH en receptores de órganos cadavéricos versus receptores de donante vivo. A través de este estudio prospectivo se demostró que la recurrencia de la infección por el VHC en receptores de donante vivo es significativamente más grave que en los receptores de órgano cadavérico. Las complicaciones biliares o el fenómeno de la regeneración hepática podrían justificar esta mayor agresividad. Estos resultados deberían tenerse en cuenta en la toma de decisiones por parte de los diferentes equipos de transplante ya que podría comprometer la supervivencia del injerto y del paciente.
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"Hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection recurrence after liver transplantation: prognostic factors for early and severe recurrence."
HCV recurrence after liver transplantation (LT) is almost universal. HCV-related liver disease progresses more rapidly after liver transplantation than in immunocompetent individuals. Thus, survival after LT is also lower in these patients compared to other groups.
-HCV virus kinetics during and immediately after LT. This study demonstrated a sharp decrease in viral load during the anhepatic phase and reperfusion, most likely owing to a lack of virions production and hepatic clearance.However, HCV-RNA is detectable during almost all the surgical procedure and circulating virions are supposed to cause graft infection.Viral replication begins immediately after graft reperfusion as demonstrated by the rapid increase in viral load during the first days after transplantation.
-Efficacy and safety of antiviral therapy in HCV-cirrhotic patiens awaiting liver transplantation. One of the strategies that may avoid HCV-recurrence after LT is to erradicate viral infection before the surgery. Antiviral therapy is contraindicated in decompensated cirrhotic patients because its relative low efficacy and high risk of adverse events. However, we have demonstrated that an accurate selection and follow up of patients can lead to a succesful outcome in 30% of them (HCV-negativization during treatment). HCV-recurrence after LT was avoided in 20% of patients.
-HCV-recurrence after living donor and cadaveric donor liver transplantation. In this prospective study we observed that HCV recurrence was significantly more severe in living donor liver transplantation compared to cadaveric liver transplantation.Type of donor (living vs cadaveric) was an independent prognostic factor for severe HCV-recurrence. Biliary complications and liver regeneration may play a role in this more severe outcome of HCV recurrence after living donor liver transplantation.These results should be taken into account in the decission-making process of transplant programs, since severe HCV-recurrence may ultimately compromise graft and patient survival.
Tenesa, Bordas Montserrat. "Asociación entre el acúmulo de grasa intraabdominal medido por tomografía computarizada y la gravedad de la fibrosis hepática en pacientes infectados por el virus de la inmunodeficiencia humana y el virus de la hepatitis C." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/458689.
Full textSince the emergence of highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) against HIV, there has been a substantial decline in mortality related to complications of HIV infection and acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS), however, little impact on reducing deaths related to liver disease. Currently, liver disease in HIV patients is due to a combination of causes such as coinfection with hepatitis C virus, HAART-related hepatotoxicity, microbial translocation and metabolic disorders, such as insulin resistance (IR) and metabolic syndrome (MS). In HIV/HCV co-infected patients, the association of IR with liver fibrosis is especially relevant, since both HCV and HIV infection per se, as well as antiretroviral therapy and persistent chronic inflammation, cause dyslipidemia and IR, as well as intra-abdominal fat accumulation (IFA) and in the hepatocytes, that will evolve to hepatic steatosis and fibrosis and subsequent progression to cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma. The hypothesis of this thesis is that quantification of IFA by abdominal CT is a radiological marker of the severity of hepatic fibrosis in patients with HIV/HCV coinfection. The following objectives are proposed: a) Primary objective: To demonstrate an independent association between CT-measured IFA and the severity of hepatic fibrosis in patients with HIV/HCV coinfection. b) Secondary objectives: 1. To determine the diagnostic accuracy of the radiological variables studied: IFA and quantification of hepatic steatosis in segments III and VI, in order to predict the severity of liver fibrosis. 2. To obtain the optimal cut-off point of the IFA value in detecting the severity of liver fibrosis. 3. To demonstrate the reproducibility of the IFA measurement by CT. 120 consecutive HIV infected and HCV coinfected patients with active viral replication were selected and assessed at the HIV Clinical Unit of the Germans Trias i Pujol University Hospital in Badalona. Anthropometric variables were collected, a blood test was performed, the stage of liver fibrosis was determined by transient elastography and patients were referred to the Radiology Service where they performed the same day an abdominal CT to determine IFA and hepatic steatosis. Quantification of intra-abdominal and subcutaneous fat was carried out with the help of a specific post-processing program. Hepatic steatosis was assessed by obtaining the attenuation coefficient of the liver and spleen. After a first phase of reading and validation of the database, different statistical analyzes were carried out. As for the results, we could confirm that the only independent factor associated with stage F2 fibrosis was IFA. Albumin and body mass index (BMI) were associated with F3. The independent predictors of hepatic cirrhosis were albumin concentration and IFA. Regarding the diagnostic accuracy of IFA and hepatic steatosis, IFA may be considered useful in the prediction of liver fibrosis, in patients with fibrosis. In the diagnosis of cirrhosis, an optimum cutoff point (cm2) for IFA was obtained. Regarding reproducibility, no intraobserver variability was observed in the assessment of all variables, nor interobserver in the assessment of IFA, instead, a significant interobserver variability in the assessment of hepatic steatosis was observed. In conclusion, this thesis confirms that CT-measured IFA is an independent factor associated with the severity of liver fibrosis in HIV / HCV co-infected patients, that the highest diagnostic accuracy for the prediction of liver cirrhosis is reached in women with a cut-off point of IFA value of 144 cm2 and that the measurement of the IFA by CT is a reproducible technique with little intra and interobserver variability.
Bes, Maijó Marta. "Caracterització funcional de la resposta CD4+ associada a resolució de la infecció pel Virus de la hepatitis c i restauració Funcional de limfòcits t cd4+ específics de Ns3 en infecció persistent." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/96183.
Full textThe HCV genome characterization in 1989, the development of antibodies detection techniques and, more recently, the introduction of molecular methods for identification of viral RNA have allowed to reduce the risk of HCV transmission associated with blood products transfusion. However, in current practice, the antibody screening techniques and the confirmatory methods based on immunoblot assays generate indeterminate results (antibodies against a single viral antigen in the absence of viremia), representing a problem for blood banks to inform donors about the cause of the definitive exclusion of altruistic donation. Moreover, although the effectiveness of antiviral treatment for persistent HCV infection has improved considerably in recent years, there are special groups of patients for whom currently available therapy is contraindicated or is frankly inadequate. A better understanding of the mechanisms of viral persistence or spontaneous clearance may be thus clinically relevant. Sustained persistence of powerful and multispecific CD4+ and CD8+ Th1 responses are essential for spontaneous HCV clearance, and persistent infection is characterized by the absence or the functional alteration of antigen-specific T cells. Experimental studies in chimpanzees have shown that the absence of HCV-specific CD4+ T lymphocytes cooperation can generate viral persistence, so it is possible that chronic infection in humans may be primarily due to a dysfunction of the CD4+ immune response. The causes of this dysfunction may be various, including the induction of anergy by altered peptide ligands, as has been postulated in the case of tolerance to tumour cells. Based on these findings, we raised two main objectives for this thesis: (1) to determine the significance of indeterminate immunoblot patterns in blood donors and (2) to evaluate the presence of CD4+ T lymphocytes with anergic phenotype in patients with persistent infection, to determine the antigenic specificity, and whether HCV-specific CD4+ T cells dysfunction can be reversed in vitro. Study results have allowed to demonstrate that approximately half of donors with indeterminate immunoblot pattern have resolved a previous HCV infection and suggested that ELISpot-IFN-γ might be a useful tool to distinguish donors with false positive serological techniques results from those with resolved spontaneous infections. In addition, we showed that the CD4+ Th1 immune response against NS3 helicase domain is the discriminate factor in the immune response in resolved infection. The second study showed that HCV-specific CD4+ T cells, although dysfunctional, are present in the peripheral blood of most patients with persistent HCV infection and can be easily detected, irrespectively of their functional profile, by the transient antigen - specific upregulation of CD40 ligand (CD154). We also demonstrated that it was possible to rescue NS3-specific CD4+ T cell response in most chronic HCV patients by in vitro expansion in the absence of HCV-specific antigen and presence of homeostatic cytokines (IL-7 and IL-15), providing a new tool to understand the mechanisms of viral persistence and investigate the use of these cells for immunotherapy of adaptive strategies.
Silva, Giovanni Faria. "Genotipos do virus da hepatite C (VHC) em doadores de sangue da região de Botucatu : relação com aspectos epidemiologicos e com a severidade das lesões hepaticas." [s.n.], 2001. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/309109.
Full textDissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Ciencias Medicas
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Resumo: Os objetivos deste estudo foram pesquisar as associações entre os genótipos do VHC, e modos de transmissão da infecção por este vírus em uma população de doadores de sangue da região de Botucatu, São Paulo, estudar a associação entre estadiamento da doença e os genótipos encontrados, além de avaliar os fatores de risco envolvidos na progressão da doença. A população avaliada foi composta por 100 doadores de sangue consecutivos, portadores do anti-VHC positivo, em todos com posterior determinação do VHC por PCR. Foram estudados diversas variáveis: sexo, idade, comportamento sexual, idade à contaminação, tempo de infecção, e fatores de risco associados a infecção pelo VHC entre outros. A biópsia hepática foi realizada para avaliar o estadiamento da doença e atividade necro-inflamatória. Em 8 doadores, não se conseguiu a extração do RNA do VHC, em 3 não se conseguiu o c-DNA e em 78 deles foi permitida a biópsia hepática...Observação: O resumo, na íntegra, poderá ser visualizado no texto completo da tese digital
Abstract: The goals of this study were to research the association between the genotypes of HCV and the ways of transmission of the disease and its staging, as to check which were the factors that were associated with progression of infection. The valued population was made up of 100 consecutive blood donors with the positive anti-HCV test. These patients were valued as regards the several risks factors, bioquimics exams, HCV genotypes, hepatic fibrosis staging and necro-inflammatory activities grading. In 89 the HCV genotypes was carried out, and in 78 the hepatic biopsy was performed...Note: The complete abstract is available with the full electronic digital thesis or dissertations
Mestrado
Clinica Medica
Mestre em Clinica Medica
Cubero, León María Dolores. "Estudio de complejidad y evolución del gen NS3 del virus de la hepatitis C (VHC) mediante ultra-deep pyrosequencing (UDPS) en pacientes expuestos al mismo inóculo viral." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/400831.
Full textThe main topic in this thesis has been to study the variability of hepatitis C virus (HCV). This doctoral thesis has been developed in the Liver Disease Laboratory, Vall d’Hebron Institut de Recerca (VHIR). Two papers have been published and a third is under writing. In the first work, the diversification of the NS3 gene sequence in an HCV chronically infected patient and after accidental transmission to his host sexual partner was studied by cloning and Sanger sequencing. We demonstrated that transmission of HCV by sexual route causes a bottlenecking passage from patient to patient in which there is a transmission of a very small number of viral particles. In the second work we studied the presence of basal resistant mutations to antiviral inhibitors in patients with chronic HCV infection who had not received treatment. We detected a resistant mutation to most of the accepted and underdevelopment NS3 inhibitors. Basal detection of such mutations in naïve treated patients is a direct consequence of the continuous generation of variants. It has been demonstrated that this represents a significant drawback in the treatment of viral diseases suggesting the need to characterize the resistance profile of viral quasispecies in patients with HCV infection before starting specific treatment with direct antiviral agents (DAAs). Given the limitations of cloning and Sanger sequencing to be implemented as a routine diagnostic test, we studied the use of massive sequencing techniques by ultra-deep pyrosequencing (UDPS), especially through the use of the 454 GS-FLX platform to detect such minority mutants. In the third paper, we set up the UDPS technology using HCV controls. The aim of the third work was to adapt UDPS to the study of viral and patient predictive factors that could help explain the evolution to chronicity or spontaneous resolution after primary infection. Since the size of the transmitted viral inoculum size may be a key factor, we studied three different routes of transmission of HCV by comparing the source (chronic patient) and the recipient: (i) transmission a smaller number of particles per bottleneck (patients A and B), (ii) transmission of an unspecified number of viruses (patients C and D) (iii) massive transmission of particles after liver transplantation in HCV-infected patient (patient Epre and Epost). Summarizing, we observed that the massive sequencing data associated with specific CD4 immune response against C_terminal NS3 region may be important to evolve to either chronicity or spontaneous resolution of infection. The patient that self-spontaneously resolved acute HCV-infection had a different behavior in the C-terminal NS3 region than that observed in chronic patients and in cases of new infections that progressed to chronicity. The deep analysis of thousands of sequences of the viral population gives a more accurate picture of the HCV behavior, and could allow designing molecular tools for diagnosis, and personalized treatments for HCV infection.
Murillas, Angoiti Javier. "Tratamiento e historia natural de la Hepatitis crónica C en pacientes coinfectados por VIH-1." Doctoral thesis, Universitat de Barcelona, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/2331.
Full textA finales de los años setenta se extendió en España el uso intravenoso de drogas, fundamentalmente heroína, lo que abrió una nueva vía de contagio: el uso compartido de material de inyección de drogas intravenosas. El pico de máxima incidencia de nuevos consumidores de heroína inyectada fue a comienzos de la década de los ochenta. En Europa se observan tres patrones de transmisión, el Norte de Europa, con baja prevalencia 0,1%-1% de la población general, la región centroeuropea, con una prevalencia media, y el sur de Europa (sur de Francia, España, Italia y Grecia) con prevalencias de 2,5-3-5%. Con el control de la transmisión nosocomial y transfusional, los genotipos más prevalentes pasaron a ser los relacionados con la adicción a drogas por vía parenteral, 1b, 3 y 4, en detrimento de los genotipos 1a y 2. Apareció entonces la pandemia del síndrome de inmunodeficicencia adquirida SIDA, cuyo agente causal, el VIH, fue rápidamente identificado. Hasta 1989 no se identifica el agente responsable de la hepatitis crónica noA noB, el Flavivirus VHC.
Al compartir mecanismos de transmisión, ambas infecciones se entrecruzaron, dando lugar a un solapamiento de las dos epidemias que según algunas estimaciones podría afectar a 10-12 millones de personas. En nuestro país, la cifra de personas infectadas por el VIH-1 es aproximadamente 160.000, de las cuales globalmente, el 55%-65% están coinfectados por VHC, siendo esta cifra mayor entre aquellos que adquirieron la infección vía parenteral, hemofílicos y adictos a drogas, entre los que puede alcanzar el 80-90% de prevalencia, y más baja entre aquellos que adquirieron la infección por transmisión sexual, en los que la prevalencia es tan baja como 4-8%; estas diferencias se deben a que el VHC se transmite muy eficazmente vía parenteral, se estima que el 90% de los adictos de infectan en el primer año de adicción, y poco eficazmente por transmisión sexual. La transmisión vertical, aunque algo mayor en pacientes coinfectados, está alrededor del 10%.
La coexistencia en el mismo enfermo de ambas infecciones tiene efectos deletéreos para ambas enfermedades. En la mayoría de los pacientes la respuesta inmunológica frente al VHC llega tarde o no es suficientemente vigorosa o completa, lo que permite una replicación viral sostenida que, a través de errores de trascripción en los continuos ciclos de replicación viral, dará lugar a una cuasi especie del VHC cada vez más adaptada al ambiente del huésped y, por tanto, con mayor capacidad para eludir su sistema inmunitario. La coinfección, además, se asocia con títulos mas elevados de ARN-VHC sobretodo en pacientes con CD4 bajos lo cual posiblemente refleja un déficit en el control de la replicación del VHC secundario a la inmunodeficiencia causada por el VIH-1. El valor de la carga viral del VHC en sangre no se ha relacionado con la evolución de la enfermedad pero si tiene valor pronóstico de cara a la respuesta al tratamiento. La enfermedad hepática progresa más rápidamente hacia la cirrosis y la muerte comportándose para algunos autores como una infección oportunista.
En cuanto al VIH, la tolerancia al tratamiento antirretroviral y la respuesta inmunológica son peores en los pacientes coinfectados por el VHC. El VHC podría actuar como cofactor acelerando la progresión de la enfermedad por VIH-1 por diferentes mecanismos: mediante la estimulación del sistema inmunológico podría favorecer la replicación del VIH-1; además la infección de células inmunitarias por el VHC podría favorecer la depleción de linfocitos CD4 y reducir la recuperación inmunológica que acompaña a la supresión de la replicación viral con el tratamiento antirretroviral y, por último, la infección por VHC podría comprometer el beneficio proporcionado por dicho tratamiento como consecuencia de una más frecuente toxicidad hepática que motivaría interrumpir el tratamiento.
Al comienzo de la pandemia de SIDA la mortalidad era tan masiva y precoz que minimizaba el impacto de la hepatitis crónica C entre los pacientes coinfectados. Pero incluso entonces ya había descripciones de cómo la infección VIH era capaz de modificar la historia natural de la hepatitis crónica C (HCC), acelerando la evolución hacia la cirrosis. Con el advenimiento del TARGA (terapia antirretroviral de gran actividad), a partir de 1996, la mortalidad por SIDA desciende dramáticamente, y es a partir de entonces que la mortalidad y morbilidad de causa hepática comienza a ser un problema y es responsable en gran medida del exceso de mortalidad de los pacientes infectados por VIH y VHC, comportándose como un epidemia dentro de la epidemia de SIDA.
La presente tesis doctoral se presenta como compendio de publicaciones según la normativa aprobada por la Comisión de Doctorado del Consejo de Gobierno de este Universidad en julio de 2008. Los trabajos presentados se enmarcan un una misma línea de investigación: el cuidado de los enfermos de hepatitis crónica C e infección VIH-1.
ARTÍCULOS, INCLUIDOS COMO ANEXOS:
1. Laguno M, Cifuentes C, Murillas J, Veloso S, Larrousse M, Payeras A, Bonet L, Vidal F, Milinkovic A, Bassa A, Villalonga C, Pérez I, Tural C, Martínez- Rebollar M, Calvo M, Blanco JL, Martínez E, Sánchez-Tapias JM, Gatell JM, Mallolas J. "A randomized trial to compare the efficacy and safety of PEGinterferon alfa-2b plus ribavirin versus PEG-interferon alfa-2a plus ribavirin for treatment of chronic hepatitis C in HIV co-infected patients". Hepatology 2009; 49:22-310
2. Laguno M, Larrousse M, Murillas J, Blanco JL, León A, Milinkovic A, Loncá M, Martinez E, Sánchez-Tapias JM, de Lazzari E, Gatell JM, Costa J, Mallolas J. "Predictive Value of Early Virologic Response in HIV/Hepatitis C Virus- Coinfected Patients Treated With an Interferon-Based Regimen Plus Ribavirin". J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr. 2007 Feb 1; 44(2):174-8.
3. Laufer N, Laguno M, Perez I, Cifuentes C, Murillas J, Vidal F, Bonet L, Veloso S, Gatell JM, Mallolas J. "Abacavir does not influence the rate of virological response in HIV-HCV-coinfected patients treated with pegylated interferon and weight-adjusted ribavirin". Antivir Ther. 2008; 13(7):953-7.
4. Murillas J, Rimola A, Laguno M, De Lazzari E, Rascón J, Aguero F, Blanco JL, Moitinho E, Moreno A, Miro JM, and the ESLD-HIV Working Group Investigators. "The Model for End-Stage Liver Disease Score Is the Best Prognostic Factor in Human Immunodeficiency Virus 1-Infected Patients with End-Stage Liver Disease: A Prospective Cohort Study". Liver Transplantation 2009, en prensa.
5. Murillas J, Del Río M, Riera M, Vaquer P, Salas A, Leyes M, Angeles Ribas M, Peñaranda Vera M, Villalonga C. "Increased incidence of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) in HIV-1 infected patients". Eur J Intern Med. 2005 Apr; 16(2):113-115.
6. Miró JM, Murillas J, Laguno M, Tuset M, Aguero, Moreno A, Rimola A and the Hospital Clinic OLT in HIV Working Group. "Liver Transplantation in HIV-Infected Patients: Update in 2006". HEPATOLOGY Reviews 2006; 3:16-29
Chidaine, Stéphane. "Epidémiologie du virus de l'hépatite C (VHC) en Afrique et dans l'Océan Indien : prévalence et transmission; revue bibliographique." Bordeaux 2, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000BOR2M044.
Full textVirlogeux, Victor. "Traitement du virus de l'hépatite C (VHC) par agents antiviraux directs : modélisation de l'optimisation des traitements et impact sur l'histoire naturelle et l'épidémiologie." Thesis, Lyon, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018LYSE1165/document.
Full textThe arrival of direct-acting antivirals agents (DAAs) has spurred a rapid revolution in the treatment of hepatitis C virus (HCV), supplanting the previous standard of care, i.e. pegylated interferon and ribavirin. These new treatments are associated with an increased rate of virological response however they rapidly faced some limits more particularly at the beginning with the first generation NS3/4A protease inhibitors. From 2014 on the second wave of DAA was available for treatment of chronic HCV infection and surpassed previous encountered limits. These treatments are nowadays the gold standard for HCV treatment in high-income countries.The idea of HCV eradication recently emerged since DAA treatment are highly effective. However, their associated high cost and recent high-risk behaviors associated with an increased risk of HCV transmission (among intravenous drug users and homosexuals) have been reported. These issues need therefore to be addressed in order to achieve the objectives of the World Health Organization for 2030 of an HCV eradication. Moreover, these treatments allow a sustained virological response in almost all patients and consequently reduce the risk of liver-related complications, but a recent controversy regarding a potential increased risk of hepatocellular carcinoma after DAA treatment has been raised.Three issues will be extensively discussed in this manuscript regarding how these treatments can be used to optimize their effect on HCV natural history at the individual and population level through different statistical approaches.As regards the first issue, this project allowed us to demonstrate regarding the tolerance and efficacy of DAA treatment: (i) a lower antiviral efficacy than previously reported in the phase III trials for first generationprotease inhibitor regimen (telaprevir and boceprevir), (ii) impairment of renal function during first generation protease inhibitor treatment, (iii) an increased rate of reported side effects during first-generation protease inhibitor treatment and more particularly anemia, potentially related to an increased ribavirin biodisponibility induced by protease inhibitor intake and (iv) a remarkable antiviral efficacy of second generation DAAs without impact of patients' characteristics norpharmacology on virological response rate. The recent issue regarding a higher risk of HCC recurrence after DAA treatment was also explored through a local cohort study and no impact of DAA treatment was observed when comparing DAA-exposed vs non DAA-exposed patients. Finally, we conducted amodelling study on HCV transmission in the coinfected HIV-HCV French population and our results suggested that an annual DAA treatment coverage rate of 50% was required in the homosexual population with high-risk behaviors to counter the recent observed epidemic in this population.Our different works provide new insights on how to optimize the use of DAA treatment through several statistical approaches and bring new elements for discussion on the recent controversy. The new DAA have an excellent efficacy and tolerance profile and should be universally used in all populations without restriction. However, further studies are required to explore on a deeper level the question regarding HCC recurrence after DAA treatment. Efforts are also still needed regarding DAA treatment access, associated costs and HCV screening to reach the objective of HCV eradication
Jaouen-Jouvencel, Anne-Christine. "Variabilité du génome du virus de l'hépatite C dans la région HVR 1 du gène E2 : étude sur 22 patients co-infectés par le VHC et le VIH." Bordeaux 2, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000BOR23063.
Full textNguyen, Truong Tam. "Co-infection VIH/VHC : développement et mise en oeuvre d’outils paracliniques pour la prise en charge dans le pays à ressource limitée et la personnalisation thérapeutique." Thesis, Montpellier, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015MONT3508/document.
Full textChronic viral hepatitis is a major public health issue worldwide in the field of infectious dis and mostly affects resource-constrained countries. The challenge for the resource-limited countries is to implement the strategies for screening and management of viral hepatitis, particularly for hepatitis C among people who inject drugs.In this thesis we have evaluated new tests and strategies to improved diagnosis and therapeutic monitoring of HCV and HIV infection in low resource setting. The first study evaluated the performances of HIV testing using filter paper (DSS – Dried serum spot) compared with rapid tests during the early phase of HIV infections. A total of 39 serum samples form newly diagnosed HIV infected persons was included. Fourth generation immunoassays (ElecsysCombi PT test reactive and Liaison XL test reactive) identified 34 out of 39 HIV early infections using dried serum spot, whereas the Determine TM HIV-1/2 rapid test detected 24 out of 39 HIV positive serum (87.2% vs 61.5% respectively, p = 0.009). Fourth generation Ag/Ab immunoassays performed on DSS had good performance for HIV testing during the early phases of HIV infection. In the second study, we conducted a cross-sectional study aimed to assess the proportion of clinically significant fibrosis in HIV/HCV-co-infected patients followed in Viet Tiep Hospital in Haiphong, Northern Vietnam. From February to March 2014, 104 HIV-HCV coinfected patients receiving antiretroviral therapy (ART) were prospectively enrolled. 93 (89.4%) had detectable HCV RNA, median 6.19 (4.95-6.83 Log10 IU/mL). Patients were mainly infected with genotypes 1a/1b (69%) and genotypes 6a/6e (26%). 43 patients (41.3%) had fibrosis ≥ F2 including 24 patients (23.1%) with extensive fibrosis (F3) and/or cirrhosis (F4). Using Fibroscan® as a gold standard, the high threshold (2) of AST-to-platelet ratio index (APRI) had very good performances for the diagnosis of extensive fibrosis/cirrhosis (Se: 90%, Sp: 84%, AUROC=0.93, 95%CI: 0.86-0.99).In the last study, the impact of pegylated interferonα (PegINFα) and ribavirin therapy on T cell immune response was explored in HIV/HCV coinfected patients. Concentrations of 25 cytokines and CD8+ T cell activation were monitored in HCV/HIV co-infected patients. Results were compared between patients retrospectively classified as sustained virological responders (SVR, n=19) and non-responders (NR, n = 11). High pretreatment concentrations of IP-10 (CXCL-10) and MCP-1 (CCL-2) were associated with poor anti-HCV response. Highest rise in MIP-1β; and MCP-1 levels was observed four weeks after anti-HCV treatment initiation in SVR compared to NR, whereas a decrease of IL-8 concentration was associated with treatment failure (p= 0.052). Treatment based on drugs having immunomodulating activities may benefits from immunomonitoring using multiplex techniques. In conclusion, improving access to HIV and HCV diagnosis and monitoring are critical toward the control of these infections. Our work performed illustrate how dried blood spot, point of care testing, Fibroscan and simplified assays may contribute to HIV and HCV care in low resource setting. Key word : Co-infection HIV-HCV, IV drug user, dried blood Spot, liver fibrosis, fibroscan, APRI, Pegylated interferon, Vietnam
Epeirier, Jean-Marie. "Evaluation de la transmission sexuelle du virus de l'hépatite C : étude prospective de 63 couples (associée à l'étude du génotype viral chez 12 couples dont les 2 conjoints sont infectés par le VHC)." Montpellier 1, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995MON11127.
Full textClemente, Casares Pilar. "Epidemiologia molecular del virus de l'hepatitis E (VHE) en zones industrialitzades." Doctoral thesis, Universitat de Barcelona, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/2398.
Full textL'objectiu general d'aquesta tesi és l'estudi de l'epidemiologia molecular del VHE en regions industrialitzades, mitjançant la identificació de soques causants d'infeccions a la població i de possibles reservoris animals.
S'analitzaren mostres d'aigua residual recollides a l'entrada d'una planta depuradora de la ciutat de Barcelona. Es detectà el genoma del virus en 24 de las 51 mostres analitzades (47,0%), 22 de les quals pertanyien al període entre desembre de 2000 i juny de 2002. S'identificaren 18 seqüències del VHE diferents. També s'analitzaren mostres d'aigua residual procedents de 4 regions considerades no endèmiques pel virus: Washington D.C. (EUA), Patras (Grècia), Umeå (Suècia) i Nancy (França), detectant-lo en 1 mostra de Washington i una de Nancy. Un estudi de diversitat va mostrar l'existència de múltiples soques del VHE infectant simultàniament la població.
També s'analitzaren mostres de sèrum de pacients amb hepatitis agudes i IgG antiVHE en el moment de l'hepatitis. S'aïllà la soca causant de la infecció de 3 pacients, en un cas després d'un viatge a Etiòpia. L'estudi de marcadors d'infecció aguda pel VHE mostrà que els 3 pacients als quals se'ls hi havia detectat el genoma del virus també tenien nivells detectables d'IgM antiVHE. També s'identificaren casos amb possible diagnòstic d'hepatitis aguda pel VHE amb absència d'IgM antiVHE però amb increment dels nivells d'IgG antiVHE i disminució posterior, així com possibles coinfeccions con altres virus causants d'hepatitis.
S'analitzaren mostres de sèrum i femta de porcs procedents de 3 granges comercials situades a Catalunya. A una d'elles es detectà una seroprevalença del 18,2%. Cap animal estudiat de 8 o menys setmanes havia seroconvertit en el moment de la presa de la mostra. S'aïllà la soca del VHE causant de la infecció (soca Por1) i s'observà que era molt similar a les soques identificades infectant la població de Barcelona. A les altres 2 granges no se detectaren infeccions pel VHE. Tampoc s'identificà cap soca del VHE d'origen boví a l'estudi preliminar realitzat.
Finalment es va dur a terme un estudi per identificar els aminoàcids de l'epítop neutralitzant del VHE que podien ser potencialment importants per la conformació d'aquest epítop. S'estudià el comportament d'anticossos contra l'epítop neutralitzant de la soca Sar55 (genotip 1) davant la Mex14 (genotip 2) i pèptids mutats de Sar55 que contenien aa presents a Mex14. No s'observaren diferències en el reconeixement per part dels anticossos, confirmant l'existència d'epítops comuns a ambdues soques.
The overall aim of this thesis is the study of the molecular epidemiology of the Hepatitis E virus (HEV) in industrialized countries, traditionally considered non-endemic for this virus. HEV is an important cause of sporadic and epidemic cases of acute hepatitis in endemic areas. In non-endemic regions sporadic cases are often associated to HEV strains imported from endemic areas, although autochthonous strains have also been isolated in industrialized countries, where the seroprevalence values vary from 1 to 5% or higher.
Urban sewage samples from Barcelona (Spain), Washington D.C. (USA), Patras (Greece), Umeå (Sweden) and Nancy (France) were processed and tested by nested RT-PCR. HEV was detected in Barcelona (47.0% positives samples, with more than 18 different strains detected), Washington D.C. (20% positives samples) and Nancy (25% positive samples). A high diversity of strains was detected infecting simultaneously the population. The strains identified in these industrialized areas belonged mainly to genotype 3.
Cases of acute hepatitis E were also detected in humans living in the area of Barcelona and caused by imported and autochthonous strains. The RNA of the virus was detected in patients with detectable levels of IgM antiHEV, although presumptive infections with only an increase and further decrease of the levels of IgG antiHEV were also identified.
Moreover, HEV was detected in a swine herd located in the area of Barcelona, where the seropositive animals were older than 8 weeks. The strain infecting the animals belonged to genotype 3 and was very similar to the human HEV strains detected in humans and sewage in the same area.
Finally an attempt to identify amino acids critical for the correct conformation of the neutralization epitope present in the capsid of the HEV was performed. Antibodies against Sar55 (genotype 1) were tested against Mex14 (genotype 2) and mutated peptides with the sequence of the neutralization epitope of Sar55 and some amino acids from Mex14. No differences were observed, confirming the existence of a common neutralization epitope in HEV strains from different genotypes.
Hernández, Rodríguez Ines. "Estudi de les característiques clínic-biològiques de la limfocitosi B monoclonal, la freqüència i significat pronòstic de les alteracions citogenètiques associades i la seva relació amb la infecció pel virus de la hepatitis C." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/459074.
Full textIntroduction. MBL was proposed in 2005 as a pre-leukemic entity with defined criteria. In the hospital, it is frequent to diagnose the high-count type. A 26% of MBL incidence among HCV infected has been described. Data are missing about the relationship between MBL and viral genotype of HCV. Hypothesis: 1/ A valuable percentage of patients with B-LPD could be reclassified as MBL. 2/ Cytogenetic alterations related to MBL may have a prevalence and prognostic impact comparable to their equivalent B-LPD. 3 / A high viral load and 1b or 4 HCV genotypes may be predictive factors of the occurrence of MBL. Objectives: 1 / To analyse the clinical and biologic features of our MBLs between 1998 and 2011. Redefine the cases of B-LPD 2/ To analyse the cytogenetic alterations and their prognostic significance in the cases of MBL. 3 / To assess the incidence of MBL in patients with HCV infection, and to analyse the relationship between the virus and the genotype or viral load. Results. One-hundred twenty-nine out of 547 B-LPD were reclassified as MBL, with a median age of 73 years and a 54% of males. Proportions of CLL-like LPD, CD5 negative non CLL-like and CD5 positive non CLL-like were 80%, 18% and 2%, respectively. The majority had an interstitial bone marrow infiltration (41%). Only 10% of patients had a concomitant infection with HCV. Sixty-one (64%) of patients had a FISH alteration, predominantly chromosome 13 deletion (45,2%). Sixty-five patients (52%) fulfilled criteria of LPD progression, with 17 patients requiring treatment (7 out of them because of progression of CLL). The mean (SD) B-lymphocyte count at diagnosis of patients with LPD progression was 6.1x10^9/L. Thirty-three (26%) patients had another neoplasia in a 15-year period, mainly before the MBL diagnosis. An 11% had an autoimmune disease, either previously or after the MBL diagnosis. Only 1 out of 15 patients had an oligoclonal IgH peak. The 15-year free-treatment survival was 79% (CI95% 66-92), with a median of 23 years. The 15-year overall survival was 69% (CI95% 56-82), with a median of 16.3 years and a median follow-up of living patients of 6.7 years (0-15.9). No differences were found regarding the OS between groups of low-count and high-count of B lymphocytes. FTS was significantly different (7.4 versus 3.0 years) (p=0.014) between these groups. Only 13 (8.1%) out of 160 VHC patients developed MBL. One case had a translocated IGH gene by FISH. No association was found with viral load nor viral genotype. Conclusions. An important proportion of LPD with peripheral involvement was reclassified as MBL. A higher prevalence of another neoplasia was described. A high percentage of patients in this series evolved to LPD, but a small subset required specific treatment. Among patients with HCV infection, a lesser incidence of MBL than described was found.
Brault, Charlène. "Modulation du stress oxydant par le virus de l'hépatite C et identification de propriétés pro virales de l'antioxydant GPx4." Thesis, Lyon 1, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013LYO10095.
Full textChronic infection with Hepatitis C virus (HCV) is frequently associated with metabolic disturbances (insulin-resistance and steatosis) as well as with changes to hepatic structure (fibrosis and cirrhosis) that favor hepatocellular carcinogenesis. Insulin resistance is in particular linked to oxidative stress, which is thought to play a key role in driving disease progression. However, molecular mechanisms by which HCV regulates oxidative stress are still unclear and reciprocally, the effect of oxidative stress on viral life cycle is not well understood. Until recently, induction of oxidative stress by HCV has mainly been investigated in non replicative in vitro models or in cell systems expressing viral proteins alone. Few studies have yet investigated oxidative stress in the context of productive HCV infection. My work consisted of studying the modulation of the cellular redox system using the HCVcc infection model, based on a replicative HCV isolate and the hepatoma cell line Huh7.5. This work provided a broad characterization of how HCV induces and prevents oxidative stress and identified glutathion peroxidase 4 (GPx4) as a pro-viral antioxydant enzyme. Indeed, we observed an HCVinduced upregulation of expression and activity of GPx4. We also demonstrated that GPx4 expression is required for viral replication and infectivity. As GPx4 possesses a particular catalytic activity, which is the detoxification of oxidized membrane lipids, we investigated the impact of the accumulation of oxidized lipids on HCV replication. These studies showed that GPx4 is an important host factor for HCV life cycle by maintaining membrane lipid integrity in an oxidative cellular environment
GUERIN, BOUCKAERT MARIE-FRANCOISE, and Philippe Guérin. "Maladies infectieuses et toxicomanie : vih, vhb, vhd, syphilis." Lille 2, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989LIL2M421.
Full textOsseman, Quentin. "Analyse du transport intracytoplasmique de la capside du virus de l’hépatite B : analyse des interactions entre les capsides du VHB et les chaînes du complexe de la dynéine." Thesis, Bordeaux, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014BORD0304/document.
Full textHepatitis B virus (HBV) needs the nuclear transcription machinery for replication. The virus thus depends on the transport of its genome from the cell periphery to the nuclear envelope. In general this retrograde intracytoplasmic trafficking is facilitated along Mt (MT) using motor protein complexes of the dynein family. As we showed earlier HBV capsid transport also depends upon intact MT in order to allow their arrival at the nuclear pores, which in turn is required for genome liberation from the capsid.In the analysis we used virus-derived HBV capsids obtained from the supernatant of HepG2.2.15, which contain the mature partially double-stranded DNA genome (mature capsids) and capsids expressed in E. coli. The latter were applied in two forms: as unspecific E. coli RNA- containing capsids and as empty capsids. Upon microinjection into Xenopus laevis oocytes we observed that mature and empty capsids were translocated to the nuclear pores with a similar kinetic. RNA-containing capsids failed to arrive at the pores implying that transport of the two other capsid types was active. Active translocation was confirmed by pre-injecting anti tubulin antibodies which interfere with MT-mediated translocation.In vitro reconstitution assays confirmed the specific attachment of mature and empty capsids to MTs and showed the need of further cytosolic proteins. Using pull-down and co-sedimentation experiments we identified one dynein light chain (DYNLL1, member of the Lc8 family) as interaction partner of the capsids. Injecting an excess of recombinant DYNLL1 with empty capsids into Xenopus laevis oocytes inhibited capsid transport to the nuclear pores indicating that DYNLL1 was only functional interaction partner implied in active transport.DNYLL2 did not interact with the capsids although differing from DYNLL1 by just six amino acids. Site directed mutagenesis of DYNLL1 revealed that two amino acids were critical for a direct interaction with the capsids. Both localized at the exterior of the DYNLL1 dimer and not in the groove of DYNLL1, which interacts with the dynein intermediate chain. Accordingly we could reconstitute a complex consisting of empty capsids, DYNLL1 and dynein intermediate chain as it should be in the in vivo situation
Gómez, Basilio Rosario. "Respuesta a la vacuna del virus hepatitis B en pacientes en hemodialisis: influencia e importancia como factor pronóstico de morbilidad y mortalidad." Doctoral thesis, Universitat de Lleida, 1994. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/300299.
Full textSturm, Nathalie. "Etude phénotypique et fonctionnelle des lymphocytes intra-hépatiques dans l'hépatite chronique virale C et le carcinome hépatocellulaire." Phd thesis, Université de Grenoble, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00649495.
Full textBayard, Florence. "Etude des réponses cellulaires T spécifiques de la protéine hepatitis B spliced-generated protein (HBSP) du virus de l'hépatite B (VHB) et caractérisation de nouveaux épitopes du VHB." Paris 7, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009PA077089.
Full textChronic HBV infection remains a Worldwide health problem, as 400 million people are chronic HBV-carriers. Detection of antibodies against the recently identified "Hepatitis B spliced-generated protein" (HBSP) in 30% of HBV chronic carriers has been related to the severity of fîbrosis. This suggests a possible role of HBSP-specific T cell immune response in fibrogenesis. We first studied the HBSP-specific T cell immune response in HLA-A2 and HLArB7:transgenic mice immunized with HBSP-encoding vectors. Several epitopes activated CD8 T cell responses in immunized mice. Then, we showed that these epitopes were efficiently processed and recognized by T cells from HBV chronic carriers. We are currently investigating the possible link of these immune responses with severe fibrosis and/or viral replication by exploring the HBSP-specific T cell immune response/in patients with different clinical settings. In a second part, we studied the helper potential of two HLA-DRl-restricted epitopes derived from HBV. Invariant chain of our vectors allowed efficient transport and processing of HLA-DR1 epitopes. These epitopes efficiently helped to develop a polyfunctional CD8 T cell response specific for HBV envelope. Ail the epitopes described here are strong activators of CD8 and/or CD4 T cell immune responses. They could be included in polyepitopic DNA vaccine constructs to increase the cellular responses primed by such vaccines. Moreover, if HBSP-specific T cell responses are correlated with outcome of disease, it could have a great clinical impact, for example to develop a diagnostic tool for fibrosis progression
PAROT-MONPETIT, ANNY. "Experience du dosage d'un marqueur de l'hepatite c, l'anticorps anti-vhc, par la methode ortho hcv elisa, dans le service de gastro-enterologie de l'hopital de vannes (morbihan) : etude prospective sur un an du 1er novembre 1989 au 31 octobre 1990." Besançon, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991BESA3057.
Full textLatthaphasavang, Vatthanaphone. "Suivi prospectif d’une cohorte de femmes enceintes chroniquement infectées par le virus de l’hépatite B (VHB) et de leurs enfants en RDP Laos." Thesis, Lyon, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018LYSE1336/document.
Full textBackground: An estimated 257 million people are chronically infected with the hepatitis B virus (HBV) worldwide. Mother-to-child transmission accounts for the majority of new chronic HBV carriers, especially in Asia. HBV can be transmitted in utero, during delivery or during infancy and later. About 80–90% of infants infected at birth will develop a chronic HBV infection, and will have a high risk of developing serious complications including liver fibrosis, cirrhosis, hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and liver-related death during adult age. We aimed at assessing the percentage of infants successfully immunized in two major hospitals in Vientiane, Lao People's Democratic Republic (Lao PDR) where HB immune globulin (HBIg) is not available. Methods: We studied a prospective cohort of chronically HBV infected pregnant women and their infants until 6 months post-partum from January 2015 to March 2017. All infants received the HB vaccine at birth and 6, 10 and 14 weeks thereafter, and their HBV status was assessed at 6 months of age. HBV surface gene sequencing was performed in infected mother-infant pairs.Results: Of 153 mothers with HB surface antigen (HBsAg), 60 (39%) had detectable serum HBe antigen (HBeAg). HBeAg positive pregnant women were younger than those negative (median age 26 versus 28 years; p=0.02) and had a significantly higher HBV viral load at delivery (median 8.0 versus 4.0 log10 IU/mL, p <0.001). A total of 141 infants including a pair of twins were included in the study and information at the time of vaccine administration after birth was available for 112 newborns. Of these, 110 (98%) received the HepB-BD within 24 hours after birth. One newborn received the vaccine 26 hours after birth because the vaccine was not available at the delivery room, and another newborn 3 days after birth due to fetal distress, which was erroneously considered to be a vaccine contra-indication. Among the 120 infants assessed at 6 months of age, 5 (4%) were positive for HBsAg and had a detectable HBV viral load by polymerase chain reaction. All were born to mothers with HBeAg and a viral load >8.5 log10 IU/mL. However, only four (3.3%, 95% CI 0.5% to 7.0 %) had a virus strain closely related to their mother’s strain. HBV surface gene mutations were detected in 4 of the 5 infected infants (G145G/R, G145G/A, M133T, M133I). Anti-HBs antibody level was above 10 IU/L in 105 (88%) infants at 6 months of age. Conclusions: Mother-to-child transmission occurred less frequently than expected without the use of HBIg. Adding HBIg and/or maternal antiviral prophylaxis may have prevented some of these infections. The observation of unsatisfactory levels of anti-HBs antibodies in 9% of the uninfected infants at 6 months highlights the need for improvement of the universal immunization procedures
Marie, Emilie. "Synthèse d'imidazo (1,2-a) pyridines à activité antivirale à l'encontre des virus de l'hépatite C et de la diarrhée virale bovine." Thesis, Tours, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012TOUR3802/document.
Full textHepatitis C is a silent disease, often asymptomatic, responsible for hepatic lesions which may lead to cirrhosis and in some cases, to cancer. Hepatocellular carcinoma caused by hepatitis C virus is the leading cause of liver transplantation. Bovine viral diarrhoea (BVDV) and hepatitis C (HCV) viruses are two pestiviruses from the Flaviviridae family that have a single-stranded RNA. Despite having different genomes, they present a similar structural organization and processes of development of the cell envelope.The laboratory’s chemical library screening has identified five hits, active against the HCV. Two of these compounds from the imidazo[1,2-a]pyridine serie were pharmacomodulated as part of the Ph.D. thesis of Jean-Baptiste Véron and Nicolas Henry.The first part of my research work was therefore to continue the pharmacomodulation study of these chemical series to improve their activity against HCV and their therapeutic index. To do so, the convergent synthesis of these molecules was performed using metal-catalyzed couplings.The second part of my project has focused on the study of the difunctionalization of positions 7 and 8 of the imidazo[1,2-a]pyridine nucleus. This work helped to develop new methodologies for introducing a functional diversity on these positions. The antiviral activity of these molecules was also assessed against HCV and one of them has shown interesting activity against this virus.In conclusion, activity against HCV and therapeutic index have been improved for two molecules, analogues of BPIP
Verga-Gerard, Amandine. "Perturbation de la voie de signalisation du TGF-β par les protéines du virus de l'hépatite C , impact sur la carcinogenèse." Phd thesis, Ecole normale supérieure de lyon - ENS LYON, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00780332.
Full textPacheco, Sidelcina Rugieri. "Avaliação de mutações de resistência ao tratamento com análogos de nucleos(t)ídeos e de escape vacinal do vírus da hepatite B (VHB) em pacientes com hepatite crônica." reponame:Repositório Institucional da FIOCRUZ, 2016. http://www.arca.fiocruz.br/handle/icict/14836.
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CAPES / CNPq
Fundação Gonçalo Moniz. Centro de Pesquisas Gonçalo Moniz. Salvador, BA, Brasil
INTRODUÇÃO: A hepatite B (VHB) é uma infecção dinâmica crônica, que apesar de existir programas de imunização e tratamento antiviral disponível, existe o risco de emergência de mutações de resistência aos análogos de núcleos(t)ídeos (AN) que devem ser rastreadas, devido as suas implicações clínicas. O Brasil disponibiliza pelo SUS cinco drogas para o tratamento antiviral: IFN, LAM, ADF, ETV e TDF e um guia de conduta clínica para orientar o tratamento no território nacional, o Protocolo de Diretrizes Terapêuticas para Hepatite B e co-infecções. OBJETIVO: O objetivo do presente estudo foi avaliar as mutações de resistência aos AN, mutações de escape vacinal e genótipos circulantes em pacientes com hepatite B crônica em dois centros de referencia em Hepatites, na Bahia (região Nordeste) e no Acre (região Norte) do Brasil. MATERIAL E MÉTODOS: Foi utilizadas ferramentas de biologia molecular e bioinformática, através de nested PCR e sequenciamento direto das amostras, para rastrear as mutações de resistência, a região alvo foi a transcriptase reversa (RT) do gene P e as mutações de escape vacinal foi a região do gene S do VHB, como também os genótipos e subgenotipos do VHB. RESULTADOS: Foram incluídos 527 pacientes durante o período de 2011-2015, sendo 320 pacientes do HUPES/BA e 207 do FUNDHACRE/AC. Os pacientes que representam a região Nordeste foram 59,3 % do sexo masculino e uma média de idade de 44,75±12,4 DP, os pacientes da região Norte 42% foram do sexo masculino e a média de idade foi de 40,36±13,9 DP. Todos os pacientes incluídos apresentaram AgHBs persistente por mais de seis meses e 86,1% apresentaram AgHBe negativo. Foram sequenciadas 296 amostras dos pacientes com VHB crônica. Foram encontradas mutações de resistência aos AN na Região Norte 1,2% (2), Região Nordeste 7,4%(8) e no global 3,8%(20). Os padrões de mutações de resistência primária encontrados foram: rtA194T, (3) rtL180M+M204V, rtL180M+M204I, rtS202I, rtM204I, rtA181S, rtA181E e rtA184S. Em relação ao escape vacinal a frequencia para a Região Norte foi de 7,1% (11), Região Nordeste 8,4% (9) e no global 7,6% (20). Nos pacientes virgens de tratamento (n=189), a frequência de mutações de resistência foi de 6%, somente nas amostras da região Nordeste. Não houve diferença estatisticamente significante entre o grupo com ou sem mutação dos pacientes virgens de tratamento. Não foram encontradas mutações de resistência nas amostras da região Norte. Os genótipos circulantes nas duas regiões foram A, D e F, e a região Nordeste foi encontrada o genótipo C (C2). CONCLUSÃO: Os resultados demonstram a importância de rastrear e monitorar as mutações de resistência aos AN e de escape vacinal devido a importância epidemiológica e clínica na conduta terapêutica.
INTRODUTION: Hepatitis B virus (HBV) is a chronic dynamic infection, which although there immunization programs and antiviral therapy available, there is a risk of emergence of resistance mutations cores analogs (t) ide to be screened, because of their implications clinics. The Brazil offers the SUS five drugs for antiviral treatment: IFN, LAM, ADF, ETV and TDF and clinical guide of conduct to guide treatment in the country, the Therapeutic Guidelines Protocol for Hepatitis B and co-infections. AIM: The aim of this study was to evaluate the resistance mutations core analogues (t) ide, vaccine escape mutations and circulating genotypes in patients with chronic hepatitis B in two reference centers in Hepatitis, Bahia (Northeast) and Acre (Northern region) of Brazil. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Was used tools of molecular biology and bioinformatics by nested PCR and direct sequencing of samples to track resistance changes, the target region is the reverse transcriptase (RT) P gene and vaccine escape mutations was region of the gene S of HBV, as well as the HBV genotypes and subgenotipos. RESULTS: 527 patients were included during the period 2011-2015, with 320 patients HUPES / BA and 207 FUNDHACRE / AC. Patients representing the Northeast were 59.3% male and an average age of 44.75 ± 12.4 PD patients in the northern region 42% were male and the average age was 40, 36 ± 13.9 DP. All patients had persistent HBsAg for more than six months and 86.1% were HBeAg negative. We were sequenced 296 samples from patients with chronic HBV. the cores of similar resistance mutations were found (t) ide in the North 1.2% (2), Northeast 7.4% (8) and 3.8% overall (20). The patterns of primary resistance mutations were: rtA194T (3) rtL180M + M204V, M204I + rtL180M, rtS202I, rtM204I, rtA181S, and rtA181E rtA184S. Regarding vaccine escape the frequency for the Northern Region was 7.1% (11), Northeast 8.4% (9) and the global 7.6% (20). In treatment-naïve patients (n = 189), the frequency of resistance mutations was 6%, only the samples in the Northeast. There was no statistically significant difference between the groups with or without mutation of naive patients. There were no resistance mutations in samples from the North. Circulating genotypes in the two regions A, D and F, and the Northeast found the C genotype (C2). CONCLUSION: The results demonstrate the importance of tracking and monitoring the resistance mutations similar cores (t) ide and vaccine escape due to epidemiological and clinical importance in the therapeutic approach.
Khamduang, Woottichai. "Analyse des mutants du virus de l'hépatite B (VHB) chez des patients co-infectés par le VIH et le VHB en Thaïlande." Thesis, Tours, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011TOUR3317/document.
Full textThailand is an endemic area for chronic HBV infection. Despite implementation of HBV vaccination, perinatal HBV transmission remains a major cause of chronic infection. This study aimed at identifying HBV mutants that may be associated with vaccine failure, misdiagnosis of chronic HBV infection and antiviral treatment failure. The dissertation is divided in three parts. In the first part, we analyzed the prevalence of perinatal HBV transmission in a large HIV prevention cohort in Thailand and characterized the HBV vaccine escape mutants. Among 3,349 HIV-infected pregnant women, 7% were found HBsAg positive. Eleven children born to HBsAg-positive mother were found HBsAg-positive at 2–18 months of age. Complete series of samples were available for 9 mother-child pairs. Based on direct sequencing and cloning analysis, 3 patterns of transmission were observed : i) transmission of wild-type variants from mothers with high HBV DNA level, ii) transmission of maternal minor variant and iii) transmission of variants already present in maternal blood samples. The capacity of HBV variants to escape from anti-HBs neutralization in vitro will be further studied using HBV-pseudoviral particles harboring the characterized mutations
Milagres, Flávio Augusto de Pádua. "Coinfecção pelo vírus da hepatite C (VHC) e vírus linfotrópicos de células T humanas dos tipos 1 (HTLV-1) ou 2 (HTLV-2) em ambulatório de referência de São Paulo: avaliação epidemiológica, clínica, laboratorial e histológica." Universidade de São Paulo, 2006. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/5/5134/tde-24012007-172553/.
Full textCo-infection with hepatitis C virus (HCV) and human T-lymphotropic virus types 1 (HTLV-1) and 2 (HTLV-2) is expected, as these viruses share common infection routes. Due to the relevance of these viral infections in Brazil and the existing gaps in knowledge about HCV/HTLV co-infection, we carried out this cross-sectional survey. A cohort of co-infected patients was compared to HCV-infected subjects, in regard to socio-demographic features, risk factors for viral acquisition, clinical and laboratory data, as well as liver histopathologic findings. Based on established serologic and molecular diagnostic algorithms, we selected HCV-viremic adult patients who attended the Hospital das Clínicas-FMUSP outpatient clinic from January 1993 to August 2005, whether or not they presented co-infection with HTLV-1 or HTLV-2. HBV and HIV-infected individuals were excluded from the sample. We collected patients\' sociodemographic characteristics, risk of exposure to blood-borne or sexually-transmitted viral agents, signs and symptoms related to HCV or HTLV disease, as well as laboratory data that included hematologic counts and liver function tests. Histopathologic findings were systematically reviewed, in accordance to the Ishak\'s scoring system. Patients from the HCV, HCV/HTLV-1 and HCV/HTLV-2 groups, were then compared by means of the X2 or Kruskal-Wallis tests for categorical or continuous variables, respectively. In addition, Fischer\'s linear discriminant analysis was applied to define classification functions that better identified the combined effect of variables important for discrimination of the study groups. Finally, the discriminating accuracy of the model was evaluated by cross-validation, using the leave-one-out technique. The study sample comprised 85 patients, 55 in the HCV group, 24 in the HCV/HTLV-1 group and 6 in the HCV/HTLV-2 group. In bivariable analysis, no significant difference was found among groups in regard to socio-demographic features, smoking, risk factors for viral acquisition, such as blood transfusion, tattooing, acupuncture, or number of sexual partners. In contrast, alcohol consumption, use of intravenous drugs or inhaled cocaine and sexual partnership with an intravenous drug user were more frequent in the HCV/HTLV-2 group, whereas patients in the HCV group more often reported a sexual partner with hepatitis. As far as clinical data are concerned, abdominal pain was the only variable to be reported differently, being more prevalent in the HCV group. Even though within normal ranges, co-infected patients presented higher median platelet counts, whereas aminotransferase and GGT levels were higher among HCV-infected subjects. No significant difference was seen in liver histopathologic findings, though HCV liver disease-associated abnormalities, such as fibrosis and necroinflammatory activity were often found in patients from the three groups. Classification functions, defined by discriminating analysis included as relevant variables sex, age, intravenous drug use and sexual partner with hepatitis. Cross-validation yielded high (87.3%) and intermediate (66,7%) discriminating accuracies for the HCV and HCV/HTLV-2 functions. However, this method was not shown clinically useful to distinguish HCV/HTLV-1 co-infected patients.
Lebourgeois, Samuel. "Etude du cycle infectieux du virus de l’hépatite A (VHA) et développement d'un modèle in vitro pour mettre en évidence son infectiosité." Thesis, Paris, Institut agronomique, vétérinaire et forestier de France, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018IAVF0027.
Full textHepatitis A virus (HAV) is a fecal-oral enteric virus that causes acute hepatitis. After entering the body orally, HAV interacts with the intestinal epithelium that it must cross to reach the liver via the bloodstream. HAV is to date the second viral etiological agent that can be involved in collective foodborne illness (TIAC). To assess the risk in food virology, the detection of RNA remains insufficient for the detection of infectious virions. Today, cultivating wild strains of HAV is difficult: they replicate very slowly in culture (release of new virions synthesized in Frhk-4 cells from 30-45 days) without inducing cytopathic effect (CPE). In contrast, some culturally adapted HAV strains are capable of inducing CPE resulting from apoptotic death of infected cells. My thesis work aimed to develop a new method of impedance detection of infectious viral particles of HAV in the context of viral diagnosis in food.In this study, using xCELLigence technology, the evaluation of the Real Time Cell Analysis (RTCA) system was undertaken to detect the ECP of the HAV adapted strain. (HM175 / 18f) on FRhK-4 cells. The results showed that cell impedance kinetics, during HAV infection, induced a decrease in cell index (CI) correlated with the occurrence of HAV-induced cell death. In addition, the time required for the fall in HAV-induced IC values was depending on the viral concentration. A linear relationship of 5 log10 could be established between the HAV concentration and the time required to reach 50% of the decrease in IC values (TdCI50), showing that RTCA monitoring could be used as an infectious HAV test method. In addition, RTCA monitoring can be performed in less than six days instead of 12 to 14 days with standard lysis range assays. Therefore, the titration method based on RTCA monitoring is a powerful tool for the evaluation of viral inactivation and antiviral treatments.Moreover, in order to be able to reproduce ECP in wild HAV strains, the pro-apoptotic caspase-dependent signalling pathways involved in apoptotic cell death of cells infected with the adapted strain were studied. From previous results showing the activation of caspase 3 during the infection of FRhK-4 cells by the HM175 / 18f strain of HAV, the extrinsic and mitochondrial pro-apoptotic pathways were identified. The expression of caspase 8, a marker of the extrinsic pathway, correlated with the expression of active caspase 3 as well as tBid protein was observed. In addition, the expression of the tBid protein induced the release of cytochrome c suggesting activation of the extrinsic pathway-dependent mitochondrial pathway. Therefore, a comparison of survival and cell death pathways during infection with wild-type strains and adapted to HAV can be performed in future work. Thus, the results offer new insights into the understanding of viral strategy for inducing ECP in host cells.In conclusion, beyond a better understanding of the pathophysiology of HAV, this study contributes to the development of cellular models to detect infectious particles of wild strains of HAV. In addition, RTCA monitoring in HAV inactivation studies will improve the assessment of viral risk in food virology by controlling the transmission of viruses through their elimination from food. This is also an important public health challenge to help reduce the burden of food-borne viral diseases
González, Fernández Carolina. "Complejidad y conservación de la quasiespecies del virus de la hepatitis B analizada mediante secuenciación masiva en el gen X. Asociación con la actividad replicativa e identificación de regiones híper-conservadas en el genoma viral." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/667276.
Full textThe hepatitis B virus X protein (HBx), encoded by the X gene of this virus (HBX), is crucial for HBV replication and regulates the expression of multiple host genes. For this reason, there must be highly conserved areas at nucleotide (HBX) and/or amino acid (HBx) level, essential for its regulatory activity. However, the insertions and deletions described in the C-terminal end of this protein seem to limit the possibility that these areas are located in the 3’ region of HBX. By this reason, the 5’-end of HBX has been chosen to study its conservation by next-generation sequencing. In this region, 2 hyper-conserved regions have been identified. These regions could be used as potential therapeutic targets for a new antiviral treatment strategy, based on gene therapy against HBx through gene silencing. This treatment could be useful to achieve “functional cure” of the HBV infection in all clinical stages and in the presence of all viral genotypes. In addition to the conservation of the 5’ end of HBX, in this thesis the complexity and specific variants of the quasispecies (QS) of this region have also been studied in depth in patients at different clinical stages of HBeAg (-) chronic HBV infection, to investigate its relationship with the mechanisms that allow to control viral replication. The study of the complexity and variability of the QS of a group of patients with HBeAg (-) chronic infection (IC) showed a more conserved and complex QS in these patients than in patients with chronic hepatitis (with or without liver lesion such liver cirrhosis and HCC), characterized by the presence of a high number of highly mutated haplotypes, probably at very low frequencies, so they do not affect conservation. Likewise, a group of genotype-specific mutations has been evidenced. In particular, a mutational pattern has been described in genotype D haplotypes of IC patients, probably associated with a reduction of viral expression. This genotype-specific mutational pattern demonstrates the need to adequately genotype the virus in the HBV infected patients follow-up. In summary, the 5’-end of HBX contains hyper-conserved regions that could be essential for the HBx function and could be exploited as a target for antiviral treatment based on gene therapy. In addition, the IC patients’ QS presents differential characteristics of complexity and conservation. These characteristics, together with patterns of genotype-specific mutations, could be related to the low replication of HBV in these patients.
Codran, Audrey. "Production de virus pseudotypes VSV/VHC : Etude de la fusion du VHC avec les cellules hôtes." Université Louis Pasteur (Strasbourg) (1971-2008), 2003. https://publication-theses.unistra.fr/public/theses_doctorat/2003/CODRAN_Audrey_2003.pdf.
Full textDue to the lack of cell culture system to propagate efficiently HCV, only few data are available concerning the early stages of HCV infection. In order to study HCV fusion and penetration into host cells, we have chosen to generate VSV/HCV pseudotyped viruses to mimic HCV envelope during the early stages of infection. First, E1 and E2 HCV glycoproteins are modified to be localized at the plasma membrane where VSV budding occurs. Thus, E1 (amino acid 311) and E2 (amino acid 661) ectodomains are fused to the transmembrane domain and the cytoplasmic tail of VSV G glycoprotein. Chimeric E1-TmG is also fused to EGFP to allow easy detection of this protein. Chimeric E1 and E2 are expressed in cells using non replicative recombinant adenoviruses. To produce pseudotypes, cells are first infected by both recombinant adenoviruses at 37 ʿC, and then super-infected by VSVtsO45 at 40. 5 ʿC. At this non-permissive temperature, the mutated VSV G glycoprotein is retained in the endoplasmic reticulum. Particles resulting from this triple infection are enveloped by modified E1 and E2 but their genome is still VSVtsO45. Therefore, infection with pseudotypes at 33 ʿC (permissive temperature for the mutation) will lead to production of VSVtsO45 virions. In a second step, we are interested in mechanisms involved in HCV penetration into the host cell. Pseudotypes are used to determine optimal pH required for cellular and viral membranes fusion. The use of such a tool has allowed to investigate and to understand part of the endocytic pathway implicated in early stages of HCV infection. Our results indicate that pseudotypes enter host cells via a pH-dependant route, that fusion of viral and cellular membranes occurs in the endosome, and that clathrin is involved in this mechanism
Tisne, Bertrand. "Dermatopolymyosite, VIH, VHB et corticothérapie au long cours." Bordeaux 2, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988BOR25408.
Full textKimura, Lucinete Okamura. "Epidemiologia molecular do vírus da hepatite B em população indígena dos rios Curuçá e Itaquaí no Vale do Javari, Estado do Amazonas." Universidade Federal do Amazonas, 2011. http://tede.ufam.edu.br/handle/tede/2777.
Full textHepatitis B virus (HBV) infection is one of the most serious public health problems in the world. At least two billion people are infected, with over 350 million showing serological markers of active infection, despite prevention by vaccination. In Brazil, the HBV endemicity is heterogeneous, with the most prevalent disease in the north region. Among the indigenous population, epidemiological serum studies have reported high rates of hepatitis B prevalence in the Brazilian component of the Amazon rainforest. Studies have shown that in some cases the serological markers are not enough to detect viral activity, and in these situations, molecular tests are more sensitive and specific. The proposal of this study was to determine the prevalence of DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid) of hepatitis B virus in indigenous ethnic groups (Kanamary, Matis, Mayoruna, Marubo, Kulina and Korubo) in habitants of the rivers Curuçá and Itaquaí at the Javari Valley, Amazon, Brazil. This was a descriptive, cross-sectional study, such as used in case detection. One hundred and eighty (180) samples were analyzed from the indigenous communities of São Sebastião, Volta Grande, Pedro Lopes, Massapê, Remancinho and Bananeira. The samples were subjected to polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and semi-nested PCR to Hepatitis B virus, S gene. The prevalence for HBV-DNA of S gene was 51.1% (92/180). Among the PCR positive samples for HBV-DNA, 18/49 (36.7%) were from Marubo, 68/125 (54.4%) from Kanamary and 6/6 (100%) from other ethnicities. With regards to socio-demographic data, no significant difference was found (p=0.889) in relation to gender (statistical analysis at 5%). However, when analyzing age it was observed that the natives had lower median age (p<0.001) of 23 years old, suggesting that sexual activity was the main form of HBV transmission. There was no statistical difference found in relation to sources of infection and the presence of HBV DNA, as well as clinical aspects, with the exception of fever (p<0.001). The high prevalence of HBV-DNA of 75% (15/20) in pregnant women (p=0,009) demonstrates association with vertical transmission. The results confirm the high prevalence of HBV DNA in the Javari Valley, making it important to devise strategies for control and a more effective prevention in combating the spread of HBV
A infecção pelo vírus da hepatite B (VHB) é um dos mais sérios problemas de Saúde Pública do mundo. Estima-se que dois bilhões de pessoas estejam infectadas, com mais de 350 milhões apresentando marcadores sorológicos de infecção ativa, apesar da prevenção pela vacinação. No Brasil, a endemicidade do VHB é heterogênea, sendo a doença mais prevalente na região norte do país. Entre a população indígena, estudos soro epidemiológicos relatam altas taxas de prevalência de hepatite B na Amazônia brasileira. Pesquisas têm demonstrado que, em alguns casos, os marcadores sorológicos não são suficientes para detectar uma atividade viral e, nessas situações, os testes moleculares se mostram mais sensíveis e específicos. O presente estudo se propôs determinar a prevalência do DNA (ácido desoxirribonucléico) do vírus da hepatite B em povos de etnias indígenas habitantes dos rios Curuçá e Itaquaí no Vale do Javari, Amazonas, Brasil, pertencentes às etnias Kanamary, Matis, Mayoruna, Marubo, Kulina e Korubo. Tratou-se de um estudo descritivo, transversal, do tipo detecção de caso. Foram analisadas 180 amostras pertencentes às comunidades indígenas de São Sebastião, Volta Grande, Pedro Lopes, Massapê, Remancinho e Bananeira. As amostras foram submetidas à reação em cadeia da polimerase (PCR) e semi-nested para vírus da hepatite B, gene S. A prevalência encontrada para o DNA-VHB gene S foi de 51,1% (92/180). Entre as amostras positivas para DNA-VHB PCR, 18/49 (36,7%) pertenciam à etnia Marubo, 68/125 (54,4%) à Kanamary e 6/6 (100%) a outras etnias. Quanto aos dados sóciodemográficos dos casos positivos para DNA-VHB PCR, pôde-se verificar que não houve diferença significante ao nível de 5% em relação ao gênero (p= 0,889). No entanto, quando se analisou a idade foi observado que os indígenas com PCR positiva para DNA-VHB apresentavam menores mediana de idade (p<0,001) de 23 anos, sugerindo ser a atividade sexual uma das principais formas de transmissão do VHB. Não foi constatada nenhuma diferença estatística em relação às fontes de contágio e à presença do DNA-VHB, como também aos aspectos clínicos, com exceção da febre (p<0,001). A alta prevalência do DNA-VHB de 75% (15/20) em gestantes (p=0,009) demonstra associação com a transmissão vertical. Os resultados comprovam a alta prevalência do DNA-VHB no Vale do Javari, tornando-se importante traçar estratégias de controle e prevenção mais eficazes no combate à disseminação do VHB
Kabinda, Maotela Jeff. "Problématique du risque résiduel transfusionnel du VIH et des hépatites B et C en République Démocratique du Congo: un problème de santé publique." Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/209042.
Full textLa transfusion sanguine est un acte médical, qui a pour but d’apporter au malade du sang ou ses dérivés. Elle est le résultat d’une chaîne d’activités complexes au cours de laquelle interviennent différentes catégories de personnel médical et paramédical, par conséquent elle ne peut pas être considérée comme un acte anodin. Elle reste entachée de beaucoup de risques, qui peuvent être, de type infectieux, immunologiques, hémodynamiques et métaboliques.
Afin de lutter contre ces risques, la sécurité transfusionnelle (l’ensemble des mesures visant à éliminer les risques immunologiques et infectieux liés à la transfusion des produits sanguins a été définie par l’OMS qui de surcroit en a précisé les 3 composantes principales qui sont: a) la disponibilité du sang. b) l’innocuité du sang. c) l’utilisation judicieuse de produits sanguins labiles.
Notre travail s’est focalisé sur l’un de ces aspects à savoir l’innocuité du sang. En effet, tandis que les pays du Nord sont à la recherche des virus émergents et commencent à déclarer que les risques viraux sont de plus en plus maîtrisés, l’Afrique se trouve encore dans la phase d’implantation de politiques et stratégies de sécurité transfusionnelle sous l’impulsion de l’OMS .L’incidence des risques viraux globalement supérieures à celle des pays du Nord est différente d’un pays à un autre.
Le risque résiduel (qui est un risque qui subsiste après la réponse au risque ou après l'application de mesures d'atténuation du risque) viral transfusionnel peut être attribué à quatre facteurs :a) l’erreur technique la plupart du temps humaine ;b) un variant viral non reconnu par certains réactifs ;c) un don infectieux séronégatif chez un porteur chronique ;d) ou un don réalisé chez un sujet très récemment infecté (« fenêtre silencieuse »).
Hypothèses :
Les hypothèses émises pour ce travail étaient :
- La connaissance, les attitudes et les pratiques de la population générale, des donneurs de sang et des prestataires de soins ne sont pas adéquates vis-à-vis de la sécurité transfusionnelle.
- La sécurité transfusionnelle en RDC n’est pas suffisante associée à un taux élevé des dons familiaux, une prévalence élevée des marqueurs viraux, le risque résiduel de virus de VIH, VHB et VHC devrait être considérable.
Objectif :
Contribuer à l’amélioration de la transfusion sanguine en RD Congo en apportant des informations évidentes et actualisées, susceptibles de contribuer à la réduction de la morbidité liée aux maladies transmissibles par le sang.
Méthodologie
Ce travail regroupe huit études. Une première étude retrace l’historique de l’implantation des services de transfusion sanguine et les différents résultats obtenus. Les 3 études suivantes évaluent la connaissance, l’attitude et la pratique des différents intervenants (la population générale, les donneurs de sang et les prestataires de soins) de la chaine de la transfusion sanguine. Deux études se focalisent sur la séroprévalence des hépatites et l’estimation du risque résiduel des hépatites B, C et du VIH. Les deux dernières études ont porté sur les séroprévalences des hépatites B, C et du VIH chez les receveurs (femmes enceintes et enfants de 6-59 mois).
La première étude fut une synthèse des données des rapports annuels du Centre National de Transfusion Sanguine avec comme objectif de jeter un regard sur l’organisation du système transfusionnel et ses réalisations.
La deuxième étude était une étude transversale menée d’une manière aléatoire auprès de 416 personnes âgées de 18 à 65 ans, résidant dans les trois zones de santé de la ville de Bukavu à l’Est de la RDC. Elle avait comme objectif l’évaluation des connaissances, attitudes et pratiques en matière de don de sang dans la population générale.
La troisième étude transversale descriptive et analytique a concerné 595 donneurs de sang de la ville de Bukavu. Son objectif était d’évaluer les connaissances, attitudes, pratiques et comportements chez les donneurs de sang du Sud-Kivu et identifier les facteurs de risque des marqueurs viraux.
La quatrième étude qui était transversale, a porté sur tout le personnel des soins :médecins, infirmiers, sage femmes, agents de formation rapide en activité dans les services hospitaliers du Sud-Kivu. Elle a eu comme objectif l’évaluation des connaissances, attitudes et pratiques des prestataires en matière de transfusion sanguine, d’infections VIH et d’hépatites B et C dans la province du Sud-Kivu.
La cinquième étude fut celle de suivi de cohorte des donneurs de sang bénévoles et non rémunérés. Son objectif était d’évaluer la séroprévalence des hépatites B et C chez les donneurs de sang bénévoles et non rémunérés.
La sixième étude a consisté aussi à l’étude de cohorte de donneurs de sang bénévoles à Bukavu. Son l’objectif était de déterminer les taux d’incidences du VIH, AgHBs et VHC chez les donneurs bénévoles du sang et estimer le risque résiduel du VIH, AgHBs et VHC chez les donneurs de sang de Bukavu.
La septième étude était une étude transversale sur les femmes enceintes de la communauté de Maniema (RD Congo). Elle avait comme objectif de déterminer la prévalence de VHB, VHC et VIH chez la femme enceinte et identifier les facteurs de risque.
Enfin la huitième étude était aussi une étude transversale sur les enfants de 6 à 59 mois de la communauté de Maniema (RD Congo). Elle avait comme objectif de déterminer la prévalence de VHB, du VHC et du VIH chez les enfants de 6 à 59 mois et en déterminer les facteurs de risque.
Résultats
Le système transfusionnel en République Démocratique du Congo est en phase d’implantation. En douze ans, c'est-à-dire de 2 001 à 2 012, il y a eu 112 882 donneurs bénévoles de sang mobilisés, plus de 80 % de produits sanguins sécurisés et plus de 80% des besoins couverts. Par ailleurs 89 688 infections du VIH ont pu être évitées par la qualification systématique des produits sanguins. Pendant la même période, 8 461 personnes ont pu être formées en transfusion sanguine. Mais il y a eu surtout une régression des marqueurs viraux. C’est ainsi que pour le VIH la prévalence est passée de 4,7% à 2,1 % entre 2 001 et 2 012 tandis que l’hépatite B a connu une régression de 7,1% à 3,5% pendant la même période. Pour l’hépatite C, ce taux est passé de 11,8% à 2,3% entre 2 004 et 2 012.
Dans la population générale la pratique de don de sang est très peu connue, nos travaux ont montré que :61% de la population ne connaissaient pas la pratique de don de sang. Certains aspects (risque infectieux viral) de la sécurité transfusionnelle ne sont pas très connus par le premier maillon de la chaine transfusionnelle (donneur de sang) et les prestataires de soins. En effet les résultats de nos études ont montré que 23,5% de donneurs de sang avaient un bon score de connaissance sur les aspects de la sécurité transfusionnelle et 11,7% prestataires avaient un bon score de la connaissance et de la pratique sur la sécurité transfusionnelle. Notre travail a montré que la prévalence des trois virus chez les donneurs de sang est importante :dans une série la séroprévalence était pour le VHB de 4,8%, pour le VHC de 3,9% et pour le VIH de 1,6%. Dans une autre série la prévalence était de 4,2% et 3,8% respectivement pour les hépatites B et C tandis que la coïnfection VHB et VHC a été évaluée à 2,2%.
L’estimation du risque résiduel a montré que le risque résiduel est très élevé dans notre pays. Ce risque résiduel est de 1/1 515 dons pour le VIH soit 6 dons de sang sur 10 000 seraient séropositifs alors qu’ils étaient testés négatifs. Pour les hépatites B et C, le risque résiduel était de 1/329 pour le VHC et de 1/126 dons pour l’hépatite B. Pour 1 000 dons de sang testés au virus de l’hépatite B, 8 seraient séropositifs alors qu’ils avaient été déclarés négatifs au test. Pour le virus de l’hépatite C, ce sont 3 personnes pour 1 000 dons de sang.
Au niveau des principaux receveurs :la séroprévalence du VIH chez les femmes enceintes était de 4,1 %, mais elle était plus importante, 15,6%,chez les femmes enceintes qui avaient un antécédent de transfusion sanguine (OR =4,9 et p=0,02).La prévalence du VHB était de 5,9 % mais plus élevée chez la femme enceinte avec antécédent de transfusion (12,5%) et de tatouage (24,2%) et la prévalence du VHC était de 4,1% et plus élevée chez la femme avec antécédent de transfusion sanguine (12,5%).
Chez les enfants les résultats étaient les suivants :la prévalence du VHB observée dans notre étude était de 3,6%, mais cette prévalence était de 6,6% chez les enfants avec un antécédent de transfusion sanguine. Elle était de 5,7% chez les enfants dont la mère avait eu une transfusion sanguine lors de la grossesse. La prévalence du VHC était de 2,8%. Elle était plus élevée chez les enfants qui avaient un antécédent de transfusion (7,6%) et dont la mère avait un antécédent de transfusion sanguine (11,1%). La séroprévalence du VIH était de 3,7%. Une prévalence plus élevée du VIH était observée chez les enfants avec une histoire personnelle de transfusion sanguine (11,4%) et une histoire maternelle de transfusion (9,8%).
Conclusion
Les résultats de ce travail montrent que la sécurité transfusionnelle est précaire. Cette précarité se situe à plusieurs niveaux :au niveau des services ayant la transfusion en charge par suite d’insuffisance dans l’organisation et dans le financement. Ensuite au niveau des acteurs c.-à-d. la population générale et les institutions sanitaires, par l’insuffisance des notions de base de la sécurité transfusionnelle et de prévention des maladies virales transmissibles par le sang.
Les résultats de ce travail montrent que la séroprévalence des marqueurs du VIH, des hépatites B et C est importante et leur risque résiduel est considérable.
Il est utile de procéder au renforcement des capacités de tous les acteurs de la chaine transfusionnelle en appliquant certaines stratégies innovantes proposées dans ce travail (utilisation des sociologues, anthropologues dans les séances de sensibilisation de la population…), l’éducation de la population, des techniques éfficaces de dépistage afin d’espérer réduire le risque infectieux lié à la transfusion sanguine.
Doctorat en Sciences de la santé publique
info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublished
Qu, Di. "Hétérogénéité des génotypes du VHC en France." Lyon 1, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995LYO1T212.
Full textFenaux, Honorine. "Étude de la circulation du virus de l’hépatite E entre l’Homme et l’environnement par caractérisation moléculaire de souches humaines et environnementales." Thesis, Université de Lorraine, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019LORR0108.
Full textHepatitis E virus (HEV) causes hepatitis in humans. Although HEV infection is mainly self-limiting, chronic forms have been described in immunocompromised patients. Four major genotypes have been described. Genotypes 1 and 2 circulate in developing countries where they only infect humans with a waterborne transmission. Genotypes 3 and 4 mainly circulate in developed countries where they infect humans and some animals (pigs, wild boars, deer), and are transmitted to humans through consumption of an infected animal’s raw or undercooked meat. However, HEV transmission paths are still unclear in developed countries and a waterborne transmission is suspected. The aim of this work was to clarify HEV circulation in North-Eastern France (as a model of a developed country). We have studied human, wild boar, farm pig samples, effluent water from a pig slaughterhouse, incoming water of a wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) and little pure water mussels that can concentrate viruses possibly present in rivers. Genotype 3 HEV has been recovered from human, wild boars, slaughterhouse and WWTP samples. Several amino acid substitutions have been brought out. Some are possible signatures of a sample’s origin. Some lead to modifications in predicted antigenicity and hydrophobicity, which can have consequences on the virus’ behaviour and circulation. Finally, the WWTP samples showed a mixture of variants from different origins, in favour of a role of water in HEV circulation. Functional tests need to be performed to measure the impact of the observed substitutions
Causse, Xavier. "Interet de l'adn polymerase du virus de l'hepatite b dans l'evaluation therapeutique des hepatites chroniques a vhb seul." Lyon 1, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988LYO1M125.
Full text