Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Virus de l’hépatite C'
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Sahuc, Marie-Emmanuelle. "Identification de composés naturels inhibant le virus de l’hépatite C." Thesis, Lille 2, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017LIL2S056/document.
Full textHepatitis C is a liver disease affecting 170 million people worldwide. This disease is caused by hepatitis C virus (HCV). New treatments, recently marketed, against HCV are very expensive and not really accessible for most-infected patients especially in low-income countries. Moreover, the use of these new molecules generates the emergence of HCV resistant variants responsible for treatment failure for 5 to 10% of the patients. Therefore, the discovery of new antiviral molecules is always needed. Since centuries, plants are used in traditional medicine. They are a very attractive source of bio-active compounds. Plant extracts or natural molecules used in combination with actual therapy, could significantly reduce the cost of these new treatments and render them accessible to more patients.Epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG) and delphinidin are natural molecules derived respectively from green tea and red berries. These two molecules inhibit HCV entry into hepatocyte cells. We have shown that this inhibition is due to a deformation of viral particles by the molecules inducing a blockade of virus attachment to the cell surface. We further investigated the process leading to this deformation, and conclude that it might be related to aggregation of viral envelope glycoproteins.We screened extracts of extremophile plants from Tunisia and showed that the crude extract of Juncus maritimus rhizome inhibited HCV replication step. J. maritimus is a plant present in arid soils in Tunisia but also in French coasts. In collaboration with the Pharmacognosy laboratory of Lille and thanks to a bioguided fractionation, the active compound present in this plant could be isolated. It was identified as dehydrojuncusol, which inhibits viral replication with a half maximal effective concentration of 1.31 μM. We have also shown that dehydrojuncusol is able to inhibit replication of viruses with resistance mutations to current treatments targeting the viral protein NS5A. We have also tried to identify the viral target of dehydrojuncusol, and it seems that the target might also be the NS5A protein.The results obtained in this thesis confirm the hypothesis that natural molecules could be used in the treatment of hepatitis C
Ndongo, Thiam Ndiémé. "Etude de la réponse humorale neutralisante contre le Virus de l’Hépatite C." Thesis, Lyon 1, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010LYO10019/document.
Full textHepatitis C Virus (HCV) is the major etiological agent of liver disease in the world with approximately180 million people who are seropositive. The majority (60‐90%) of infected individuals progressesto chronic hepatitis that increases their risk for developing cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma.One of the major limitations of HCV research is the lack of efficient in vitro culture systems andappropriateanimal models. vitro direct cell‐binding assay and an infection system of the human HepaRG cell line were developedby using HCVsp. The HepaRG cells possess potent ability to acquire a mature hepatocyte phenotype.The E1E2‐specific mAb D32.10 was shown to inhibit efficiently and specifically high affinityinteractionsthrough glycosaminoglycans and the CD81 tetraspanin between HCVsp and HepaRGcells with an IC50 = 0.5 μg/ml. This inhibition was more efficient when E1E2‐positive envelopedHCVsp were used selectively for binding studies (IC50 < 0.5 μg/ml). Establishment of infection,replication and propagation of HCVsp were shown to depend on the proliferation/differentiationstage of HepaRG cells. Persistent HCV infection in HepaRG cells could be obtained with production ofE1E2/RNA(+) infectious HCV particles. Preliminary data showed a complete early inhibitory effect ofthe D32.10 mAb on virion RNA production in HepaRG culture supernatants (95% at D14 and 80% atD21 post‐infection).Furthermore, the detection of the anti‐E1E2/D32.10‐binding peptide antibodies during natural HCVinfection demonstrated significant prevalence (90%) of these antibodies: (1) in patients whorecovered spontaneously from HCV infection with high titers compared to patients with chronichepatitis C, and (2) in patients who are complete responders compared to non responders toantivirals. Kinetic analyses revealed that the anti‐E1E2/D32.10‐like humoral response appeared veryearly with high titers (≥ 1/1000) and was associated with complete virus eradication. The positiveand negative predictive values (ROC curve analysis) for achieving or not a sustained viral response toantiviral therapy are 100% and 86%, respectively, reflecting diagnostic accuracy. The anti‐E1E2/D32.10‐binding peptide antibodies may thus predict the outcome of HCV infection andrepresent a new relevant pronostic marker in serum for the HCV diagnosis.Convergence of in vitro and in vivo data strongly support the neutralizing activity of the D32.10 mAb,and thus immunotherapeutic potential of this unique anti‐E1E2 D32.10 mAb
Maurin, Guillemette. "Etude de l’entrée cellulaire du virus de l’hépatite C et de sa neutralisation." Lyon, Ecole normale supérieure, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010ENSL0608.
Full textThe process of Hepatitis C Virus (HCV) entry is induced by the two envelope glycoproteins E1 and E2 which represent the focus of this thesis. After isolation of E1E2 sequences derived from sera or B lymphocytes, genetic analysis showed the existence of HCV quasi-species specific to hepatocytes or lymphocytes (named compartimentalisation) suggesting adaptation of E1E2 to these compartments. On the other hand, the strains isolated from lymphocytes, tested in a HCVpp model, do not infect efficiently lymphocyte cell-lineages but are still hepatotropic which confirms the idea that B lymphocytes could play a role as a viral reservoir in vivo. Secondly, a study of neutralization of different HCVpp of sera from patients HIV/HCV coinfected and liver transplanted, highlighted that sera from these patients are weakly neutralizing and that the number of CD4+ T lymphocytes is positively correlated with neutralization. Our results confirm that the facilitation of infection by the sera involves SR-BI and HVR1. The weak neutralization is negatively correlated with the immune status of patients and the neutralisation and facilitation of sera could be implicated in pathology severity. Our third study exploited E1E2 chimeric heterodimers composed of H77 and Con1 strains of HCV which are non functional for entry. Using chimeras or point mutants, we isolated domains in E1E2 that have co-evolved (come from the same strain) reflecting the inter-relationship necessary for entry. Our results have highlighted an interaction, in the H77, between the N-terminal domain and the transmembrane domain of E1. These data confirm the important role of E1 in HCV entry
Benzoubir, Nassima. "Rôle du TGF-béta dans la carcinogenèse hépatique liée au virus de l’hépatite C." Thesis, Paris 11, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014PA11T080/document.
Full textChronic HCV infection) may progress to liver fibrosis, cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). HCV core binds several cellular proteins and in particular Smad3, a major protein of transforming growth factor beta (TGF-Β) signalling.. The aim of this study was to determine the implication of HCV core protein in TGF-Β responses. High genetic variability is a characteristic of HCV and it was previously shown that HCV core protein isolated from tumour (cT) or adjacent non-Tumour (cNT) livers displayed different sequences. Both were able to shift TGF-B responses from tumour suppressor to tumour promotor by decreasing hepatocyte apoptosis and increasing epithelial-Mesenchymal transition (EMT). Core cT was more potent than core cNT to promote this effect that was mainly attributed to the capacity of HCV core to alleviate Smad3 activity. Moreover, HCV core protein activated the latent form of TGF-Β through increased thrombospondin expression. It is commonly accepted that αSMA (alpha smooth muscle actin) is a hallmark of EMT. In the current study another SMA isoform, γSMA was found to be polymerized during hepatocyte EMT. γSMA was expressed in HCC tissues and correlated with EMT, stem cell and aggressiveness markers. In conclusion, this work contributed to a better understanding of the HCV core role in hepatitis fibrosis and HCC related to HCV. Indeed, HCV core might act both as an autocrine and paracrine way by modulating TGF-Β responses within hepatocytes and by activating hepatic stellate cells in stromal environment through its capacity to activate TGF-Β
Maqbool, Muhammad Ahmad. "Etude de l’impact de la variabilité génétique de la protéine NS5A du virus de l’hépatite C dans la pathogenèse et la réplication virale." Thesis, Paris Est, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012PEST0026/document.
Full textHepatitis C virus (HCV) causes a chronic infection in the majority of infected patients,ultimately leading to liver cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Although the rolesof the HCV proteins in the viral life cycle are increasingly understood, the precise function ofthe HCV NS5A protein has yet to be elucidated. To date, the only putative direct functionattributed to NS5A is its transcriptional transactivation properties. Our group has previouslyshown that quasispecies variants of NS5A isolated from the serum samples of the samepatient bear different transactivating properties according to their amino acid sequence. Basedon these observations, we performed preliminary phylogenetic and functional analysis ofNS5A variants isolated from liver tissue of individuals infected with HCV of genotype 1b.This analysis revealed genetic and functional compartmentation of NS5A variants in tumoraland adjacent non-tumoral tissue. We hypothesized that the natural variability of NS5A mayimpact its proposed transactivation properties. We also hypothesized that NS5A’s putativetransactivation properties could play a role in HCV replication and in liver pathogenesis. Theaim of the study presented in this thesis was to investigate the role of NS5A transactivationproperties in the development of HCV-induced liver pathogenesis as well as in viralreplication. To study the role of NS5A transcriptional activation properties in liver pathogenesis, wedeveloped lentiviral vectors for the expression of selected NS5A variants bearing differenttransactivation potentials in cultured primary human hepatocytes. We now intend to extendthese preparations using RNAseq technology to analyse the, transcriptome of primaryhepatocytes transduced with lentiviral vectors encoding strongly and weakly transactivatingNS5A variants to identify the cellular pathways targeted by NS5A, allowing us to decipherthe role of NS5A mediated host gene regulation in development of HCV inducedpathogenesis. For in vivo studies, we have begun the development of transgenic mice allowingliver-specific conditional expression of NS5A variants with high and low transactivationpotentials. These transgenic mice will be used to study the possible role of NS5Atransactivation properties in development of HCC. To study the role of NS5A transcriptional activation properties in HCV RNA replication, weused the sub-genomic replicon system expressing previously characterized NS5A sequences..Using this system, we have demonstrated that a subset of NS5A protein can translocate to thenucleus and is recruited to cellular promoters of host cell genes known to be required forefficient replication of HCV replicon RNA as well as those implicated in pathogenesis.Moreover, we have shown that NS5A directly regulate the expression of these genes.Consequently, it was observed that replicons encoding NS5A variants with differenttransactivation potentials exhibited different replication capacities, and that this correlatedwith the transactivation potential of the corresponding NS5A variant. In agreement with theseobservations, inhibition of nuclear translocation of NS5A resulted in the inhibition ofreplication of the HCV subgenomic replicon, further confirming the role of NS5Atransactivation properties in viral RNA replication. In conclusion, we have demonstrated that NS5A-mediated transcriptional regulation ofcellular genes is required for HCV replication. Such NS5A-mediated modulation of cellulargenes may also constitute one of the mechanisms involved in HCV-related liver pathogenesisand development of HCC, an aspect which is currently under investigation using the toolsdeveloped during this project. This study will contribute towards deciphering the role ofNS5A in viral replication as well as providing insight into its role in HCV-induced liverpathogenesis
Régeard, Morgane. "Caractérisation de l’étape d’infection des hépatocytes humains en culture primaire par le virus de l’hépatite C." Rennes, Agrocampus Ouest, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007NSARI047.
Full textHepatitis C virus (HCV) is a human pathogen responsible for liver diseases including acute and chronic hepatitis, cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma. Its high prevalence, the absence of a prophylactic vaccine and the poor efficiency of current therapies raises huge medical problems. In order to control HCV infection and to develop direct or indirect antivirals, our knowledge of the virus has to be improved. Hepatitis C virus has been identified in 1989 and is an developed, positive-stranded virus classified in the Flaviridae family. The development of HCV pseudoparticles in 2003 and, most recently, in 2005 of cell culture grown HCV allowed the study of the early event occurring during infection of hepatoma cell lines. The originality of this work is to make use of an in vitro infection model base on the infection of human hepatocytes in primary culture by HCV particles contained in the sera of infected individuals. This model is closed to the physiological situation of infection and reproduces the entire life cycle of HCV. In this infection system, three different research projects have been developed to decipher the early event of infection
Zlatev, Ivan. "Synthèse et étude d'analogues de dinucléosides phosphoramidates - inhibiteurs de la polymérase NS5B du Virus de l’Hépatite C." Montpellier 2, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008MON20129.
Full textWith more than 3% of the world's population chronically infected, hepatitis C is nowadays one of the leading infectious diseases. The research and development of novel antiviral molecules is hence of great importance. We describe in this manuscript the development and the synthesis of two major series of phosphoramidate dinucleosides 2'-O-methylguanosin-3'-yl-cytidin-5'-yle and 2'-O-methylguanosin-3'-yl-3'-désoxycytidin-5'-yle, used as HCV polymerase inhibitors. The target compounds were evaluated in vitro on a purified recombinant NS5B polymerase and in cells containing a HCV sub-genomic replica. Tested compounds exhibited modest inhibitory activity towards HCV replication
Trotard, Maud. "Identification de kinases cellulaires impliquées dans l’entrée et la réplication du virus de l’hépatite C." Rennes 1, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009REN1S109.
Full textThe hepatitis C virus (HCV) chronically infects ~170 million people worldwide and is responsible for life-threatening liver diseases such as cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma. No vaccine is available and current treatments have limited effectiveness. Understanding the interactions between host and pathogen will define new therapeutic targets. In this context, the objective of my PhD thesis was to identify cellular factors involved in the HCV spread. Our strategy was to analyze the impact of the extinction of individual cellular genes on the susceptibility of cells to HCV infection. Our results have shown that the partial knockdown of genes involved in clathrin mediated endocytosis protected cells from infection. Furthermore, we also found that a decreased expression of phosphatidylinositol 4-kinase type III-α (PI4KIIIα) could prevent the entry of viruses into cells. Additional experiments performed on different PI4Ks family members showed that the expression levels of PI4KIIIα and β in cells not only influenced the cell susceptibility to HCV infection but also their ability to ensure the HCV replication. Conversely, the PI4KIIα and β did not seem to be involved in any stage of the HCV life cycle. We also demonstrated that the HCV dependency to PI4KIIIs vary depending on the viral genotype. Finally, my researches revealed that the kinases PI4KIIIα and β represent new interesting therapeutic targets for viral hepatitis C
Badillo, Aurélie. "Analyses structurales et fonctionnelles de la protéine non-structurale 5A (NS5A) du virus de l’hépatite C." Thesis, Lyon 1, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012LYO10239.
Full textNS5A is essential for HCV replication and particle assembly, and constitutes a very promising drug target. However, no clear function has yet been described for NS5A, and structural knowledge remains limited. We characterized the intrinsically disordered nature of NS5A domains D2 and D3, and describe their folding propensity and their overall conformational behaviour by combining different biophysical methods. We also highlighted the structural variability of D2 domain in HCV genotypes, which might be correlated with the disparities observed between genotypes in terms of pathogenesis and efficiency of therapies. The interactions between D2 and D3 with human cyclophilin A (CypA) was analysed by surface plasmon resonance (SPR). We showed that mutations in the D2 domain conferring resistance of HCV replication to CypA inhibitors did not prevent the interaction between D2 and CypA. However, they induce structural perturbations that may affect the kinetics of conformers interconversion of D2. We also showed by SPR that D2 and D3 interact with the of DNA-binding domain of the nuclear receptor FXR (farnesoid X receptor alpha). This interaction reduce the binding of FXR to its DNA target, suggesting an involvement of NS5A in the modulation of the transcriptional activity of FXR. All this data led us to propose a model of the overall structure of NS5A, which provides a useful template for a better understanding of structural and functional properties of this enigmatic protein
Tremblay, Marie-Pier. "Nouveau rôle oncogénique pour les virus de l’hépatite B et C : l’altération des événements d’épissage alternatif." Mémoire, Université de Sherbrooke, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/11143/8169.
Full textLévy, Pierre. "Hepatitis C virus-induced reprogramming of glutamine metabolism." Thesis, Lyon 1, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014LYO10328.
Full textChronic infection with hepatitis C virus (HCV) is one of the main etiologies of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). However, mechanisms of HCV-related tumorigenesis are ill-defined. Recent literature data suggest that HCV infection may reprogram glucose metabolism in a cancerlike fashion. The Warburg effect, or aerobic glycolysis, is a hallmark of cancer. Activation of this pathway allows tumor cells to sustain high rates of energy production and provide sufficient biosynthetic precursors for proliferation. Likewise, the induction of similar metabolic alterations may favor HCV multiplication through the rapid production of nucleotides, amino acids and lipids. To complement aerobic glycolysis, tumor cells become frequently dependent on glutamine. The partial oxidation of glutamine through the glutaminolytic pathway can fuel their energy metabolism and several anabolic pathways. However, the role of glutamine metabolism in HCV life cycle has not been documented so far. I focused my PhD research project on the characterization of metabolic alterations triggered by HCV. In particular, I evaluated the occurrence of distinctive features of tumor cell metabolism in HCVinfected cells, with a specific attention on glutamine utilization. In the HCVcc cell culture model, I report the induction of a metabolic reprogramming towards higher rates of glutaminolysis upon HCV infection. HCV-induced transcriptional activation of MYC, along with several glutamine transporters and glutaminase, is likely to be responsible for this metabolic shift. Interestingly, increases in transcript levels of these factors in liver biopsies of patients with chronic hepatitis C suggest that this metabolic reprogramming may be relevant in vivo. Moreover, these metabolic changes may expose new drug targets against HCV as suggested by the inhibition of the virus replication upon suppression of glutaminolysis via different strategies. Altogether, these findings uncover a potential link between chronic hepatitis C and HCC through the installation of a favorable metabolic environment for tumor development
Ratinier, Maxime. "Les protéines alternatives de la protéine de capside du virus de l’hépatite C : détermination des mécanismes moléculaires impliqués dans leur production et localisation cellulaire." Lyon 1, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007LYO10188.
Full textNew HCV proteins decoded in the core protein +1 Open Reading Frame (ORF) harbor +1 core reading frame in part or totality of their sequence have been described. They form a new HCV proteins family named Alternate Reading Frame Proteins ARFP. The discovery of anti-ARFP antibodies and anti-ARFP T cell responses confirm that these proteins are expressed during natural HCV infection. The goal of this thesis was to : (1) Analyze the unknown molecular mechanism of the ARFP1a synthesis. To this end, we used several in vitro and in cellulo HCV expression systems, including the replicon system and the recently described JFH1 infectious clone. The results show for the first time that the production of ARFP1a is promoted by a transcriptional slippage of the viral polymerase, NS5B. (2) Obtain the intracellular localisation of each of the ARFPs to determine their function(s). The co-localization of the ARFP arising from an internal initiation of the translation at codon 26 in the +1 ORF (ARFP26) with the mitochondria has been established. This result is a major discovery. The signal peptide mapping shows that the structural integrity of the whole protein drive its targeting to the mitochondria. Moreover, expression of various HCV genotypes allows us to consider the ARFP26 cellular localisation as genotype dependant. Finally, we show that this protein does not share pro- or anti-apoptotic activities. These studies bring conclusive and fundamental knowledge on the HCV ARFP family, notably we discover of a specific RNA structural element which could be associated with the translation regulation of the VHC genomic RNA
Lemasson, Matthieu. "Détournement du métabolisme lipidique hépatocytaire par le virus de l’hépatite C : exemple de la lysophosphatidylcholine acyltransférase 1." Thesis, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015USPCB225/document.
Full textNo abstract
Abdullah, Remal Abdulaziz. "De l’infection au carcinome hépatocellulaire : interactions entre le virus de l’hépatite C et les cellules cibles : implication des cellules progénitrices." Lyon 1, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008LYO10115.
Full textApproximately 90% of human hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) develops in a setting of chronic inflammation. We have undertaken to define the role of endothelial cells as HCV mediators between blood and hepatic cells. After characterization of human hepatic endothelial cells and expression analysis of putative receptors for HCV-entry, we have confirmed that the capture of viral particles by these cells promotes the transinfection of target cells. In chronic liver diseases, activation of hepatic progenitor cells make them a potential target cell for HCC. In addition, four new cell lines (CLP11, CLP12, CLP13, and CLP21) had been isolated from a same HCC. Their morphology, karyotype and immunophenotype showed that these cells are progenitors or intermediate hepatocytes. These partially transformed cells are not tumorigenic in immunodepressed mice. Only cells presenting the minor chromosomal alterations (CLP11, 12, and CLP21) are able of fibroblastoid conversion (epithelial-mesenchymal transition or EMT) spontaneously and/or in response to TGF-β. This EMT ability is associated with motility and invasion properties in vitro and in vivo. CLP13 that present the more altered karyotype, are able of invasion in vitro, but not of migration. TGF-β transdifferentiated cells are not able of migration in vitro or in vivo. These results confirm the implication of hepatic progenitor cells in HCC. They suggest that the potential capacity for local and distal migration could be an intrinsic property of progenitors and not acquired during tumoral progression
Soranzo, Thomas. "Approches Recombinantes pour l’Etude Structure/Fonction des Protéines E1, E2 et p7 du Virus de l’Hépatite C." Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015GREAV056.
Full textThe Hepatitis C virus (HCV) is a major cause of chronic liver disease, including cirrhosis and liver cancer. An estimated 170 million people worldwide are chronically infected with HCV and 3 to 4 million people are infected each year. One of the major handicaps of the HCV research is the lack of effective in vitro culture systems and animal models. To adress this issue, we chose a recombinant approach to study the E1, E2 and p7 proteins of HCV.The E1, E2 and p7 proteins are involved in critical steps of the viral cycle. They are membrane proteins, a class of protein that is extremely complex to express. Indeed, overexpression of membrane proteins is often toxic to the host cells. This phenomenon is caused by protein aggregation or degradation in the cytoplasm due to a lack of available membrane space for their integration into the host cell. Moreover, overexpression of membrane proteins induces saturation of the cellular machinery linked to membrane proteins. This diversion prevents the flow of a normal cell cycle and is fatal to the host cell. Destabilization of the host cell's membrane and its homeostatis may also be caused by the high concentration of membrane proteins or their heterologous nature. To circumvent these limitations, we used a method for producing membrane proteins in their native form by a cell-free system in the presence of liposomes; a technology patented by the University Joseph Fourier and licenced by the startup company Synthelis. First, we have set up the cell-free production system using a bacterial lysate from E. coli and a complementary energy mix. We then used this system to study the p7 viroporine. This protein is essential for the production of infectious virus particles and is involved in viral assembly making it an attractive therapeutic target. The production of a large quantity of p7 proteoliposomes allowed us to characterize the protein by biochemical and biophysical techniques. We have demonstrated the inhibition of oligomerization of p7 by HMA, which thereby inhibits its ion channel function. Thanks to the flexibility of the cell-free expression system we have characterized the structure of the viroporine within the membrane in a neutron reflectivity assay and have confirmed the funnel shape of the protein complex. Preliminary results on proteoliposomes E1E2 offer hope for the production viral particles mimicking the hepatitis C virus in order to better study the virus and fight against this epidemic.Together, these results confirm the suitability of the expression of membrane proteins in native forms using a cell-free system in the presence of liposomes. Proteoliposomes products are a new tool for the study of HCV and consideration for very broad therapeutic applications and the development of biopharmaceuticals based on the use of recombinant membrane proteins
Ajjaji, Dalila. "Interaction de la protéine core du virus de l’hépatite C avec les corps lipidiques : mécanisme et fonction." Thesis, Paris Sciences et Lettres (ComUE), 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019PSLEE056.
Full textA major step for the maintenance of the hepatitis C infection state in the cells is the binding of the Core protein from the capsid to the lipid droplets membrane formed in the liver. Core binds with an amphipathic helix to use it from the bilayer membrane of the endoplasmic reticulum to the water-oil interface of the lipid droplets. The mechanism of this passage has not yet been elucidated and the regulation of the link remains unclear. Understanding this physical Core traffic requires, among other things, a good knowledge of the biophysics of protein-membrane interaction, especially on emulsion interfaces. Little has been done in this direction. For this project, we investigated the mechanism of cellular traffic of Core and its partners between endoplasmic reticulum and lipid droplets. We adopted a multidisciplinary approach. To overcome the complexities associated with the multiple interactions of Core, and which currently prevent an understanding of the binding of the protein, we reconstituted it binding on model membranes. We formed drops of oil-in-water emulsions, mimicking the lipid droplets, and vesicles mimicking the endoplasmic reticulum. We thus determined the conditions favoring the binding of Core on the lipid droplets. This approach, coupled with in vivo manipulations, is innovative and bring an understanding that is currently lacking
Jaubert, Chloe. "Extrémités 3’ de l’ARN du Virus de l’Hépatite C : structures et Rôles dans la réplication du génome." Thesis, Bordeaux, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016BORD0219/document.
Full textThe hepatitis C virus genome consists of a linear positive sens (+) single-stranded RNA. RNA-RNA interactions play an essential role in the regulation of the viral cycle.RNA synthesis is performed by the RNA-dependent RNA-polymerase (RdRp) encoded by the virus. It would be initiated at the 3 'end of the molecule to be replicated. A complementary genomic RNA of negative polarity (-) is first synthesized. It then serves as a matrix for the production of genomic strands. The mechanisms that govern the recruitment of the polymerase and the initiation of RNA synthesis remain poorly understood today.The RNA structures found at the 3 'ends and their roles have therefore been studied during the work of this thesis. At the 3 'end of the (+) RNA, dimerization was shown to be essential for replication of the virus in cellulo. This work made it possible to characterize by gel shift assay and cryo-microscopy the dimerization of the genomic RNAs in solution. At the 3 'end of (-) RNA, the dimerization of two molecules could also be characterized by biochemical and biophysical approaches. Moreover, the presence of a G-quadruplex introduces a conformational reshuffle which proves to be indispensable for an efficient RNA synthesis. Similarly to the genomic strand, the resulting structural dynamics of these interactions appear to be necessary for efficient RNA replication by the RdRp.The results obtained here underline the importance of dimerization and conformational variations at the 3 'ends for RNA replication. These data then open the way to new perspectives on understanding the mechanisms that govern the functioning of HCV polymerase
Pernot, Sophie. "Identification systématique des microARNs impliqués dans les relations virus-hôte au cours de l'infection par le virus de l'hépatite C." Thesis, Strasbourg, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015STRAJ073/document.
Full textHepatitis C virus (HCV)-induced chronic liver disease is one of the leading causes of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). However, the molecular mechanisms that enable HCC development following chronic HCV infection remain poorly understood. MicroRNAs (miRs), small non coding RNAs that regulate gene expression at a post-transcriptional level have been reported to play an important role in cellular homeostasis within the liver. Increasing evidence suggests that HCV infection induces alteration of intrahepatic miR networks and that deregulation of miRs contributes to liver disease including HCC. Using high-throughput screening and RNA sequencing, we identified miRs that modulate the HCV life cycle and miRs that are modulated upon HCV infection. This comprehensive analysis of the HCV-host miR network improves the current knowledge of the HCV-host interactions that likely contribute to tumorigenesis in the liver and opens perspectives for novel potential approaches to prevent and/or treat HCC in HCV-infected patients
Denolly, Solène. "HCV assembly : from clustering of viral assembly factors to envelopment and lipidation of particles." Thesis, Lyon, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018LYSE1085/document.
Full textHepatitis C virus (HCV) is detected in the sera of infected patients as lipidated infectious particles of very-low density. HCV is an enveloped virus whose assembly of viral particles occurs at the endoplasmic reticulum membrane following sequential cleavage of its polyprotein and its maturation as structural and non-structural viral proteins. In this work, we aimed at better understanding the mechanisms of assembly, envelopment and secretion of infectious particles. In a first study, we highlighted the functional connection between replication complexes and assembly sites. In a second study, we showed that p7 dose-dependently slows down the ER-to-Golgi traffic, leading to intracellular retention of E2 viral glycoprotein. In addition, we showed that cleavage of an E2p7 precursor protein controls E2 intracellular expression and secretion levels of subviral particles and infectious virions. Finally, we also highlighted that p7 N-terminal extremity governs the specific infectivity of the infectious particles by coordinating the encountering of the nucleocapsid components with the glycoproteins and the envelopment of the nucleocapsids. In a third study, we discovered specific functions and factors from serum, producer cells, and HCV sequences that modulate lipidation of viral particles during their assembly and secretion. Altogether, these different works contributed at better understanding the steps of HCV assembly and the mechanisms modulating i) the transfer of viral RNAs from replication complexes to assembly sites, ii) the encountering of the nucleocapsids and glycoproteins followed by virion envelopment, and finally, iii) the acquisition of lipids by viral particles
Carpentier, Arnaud. "Production de virus de l'hépatite C infectieux en culture primaire d'hépatocytes humains adultes." Paris 6, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009PA066375.
Full textHoang, Xuan Su. "The control of immune responses in chronic hepatitis C virus infection." Thesis, Grenoble, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014GRENV011/document.
Full textHepatitis C virus (HCV) infection is a complex interaction process between the host and viral factors. The host immune responses and genetic polymorphisms have been shown to be associated with the outcome of HCV infections and the responses to treatments. Thus, it is very important to identify pre-treament factors to predict treatment outcomes. The overall aim of the thesis study is to investigate the role of host genetic polymorphisms on response to combination therapy and immune response in the liver in chronic HCV infection. The study has focused on polymorphisms in the interferon lambda (IFNL) genes, interferon gamma, interleukin 10, and interleukin 17 in relation to response to therapy with peg-IFNα and Ribavirin (RBV) and liver immune responses in patients with chronic HCV infection.First, we have established a simple and reliable method for genotyping of the IFNL3 polymorphisms. We designed primers and selected restriction enzymes BstUI and BrsDI for genotyping 2 variants rs12979860 C/T and rs8099917 T/G, respectively. The results indicate that this PCR-RFLP method yields to identical data than standard sequencing method and commercial kit. We suggest that PCR-RFLP method could be used routinely in conventionally clinical laboratory for genotyping of IFNL3 polymorphisms. Next, we analysed the association of these variants with response in combination therapy of peg-IFNα and RBV. Among 108 treated patients infected with HCV genotype 1, by using logistic regression model analyses, we showed that patients who had favorable IFNL4 genotype (genotype TT/TT of ss469415590) and presented a rapid virological response (RVR) were independent predictors of achieving sustained virological response rate (OR = 3.93, CI = 1.53 -10.08, p = 0.004 and OR = 6.74, CI = 1.33 - 34.06, p= 0.021), whereas patients with high baseline viral load level were associated with failure to treatment (OR = 0.34, CI = 0.13 - 0.87, p = 0.023). We suggest that patients had favorable IFNL4 genotype and achieved RVR should benefit an individualized treatment of combination therapy of peg-IFNα and RBV. To explain the influence of these polymorphisms in chronic HCV infection, we investigated the association of IFNL4 polymorphisms with immune response in the liver in patients with chronic HCV infection. By using marker CD107a, a marker expressing degranulation activity of cytotoxic lymphocytes, we indicated that degranulation process was found in liver lymphocytes in patients carrying favourable IFNL4 genotypes compared with patients with unfavourable genotypes. By using multiple regression analyses, we demonstrated that ALT levels correlate with frequency of CD107a+ NKT cells in the liver. Finally, in patients treated by peg-IFNα and RBV, high degranulation activity observed in patients with favourable genotypes of IFNL3 and IFNL4 (CC of rs12979860 and TT/TT of ss469415590). We suggest that polymorphisms in the interferon lambda genes associated with intrahepatic lymphocyte degranulation activity and contribute to clearance mechanism of HCV under combination treatment of peg-IFNα and RBV.We investigated the impact of several genetic polymorphisms on the severity of chronic hepatitis C. We showed a significant association observed between polymorphism of IFN-γ and the severity of chronic hepatitis C. By using logistic regression analysis, T allele of IFN-γ and the presence of steatosis are independent predictive factors of severity of HCV-1 - related liver disease. This suggests we can use genetic variant of IFN-γ in classification and management of chronic hepatitis C. In conclusion, we indicated that host genetic polymorphisms play critical roles both in responses to treatment and in the immunopathogenesis of chronic HCV infection. This study can help to reach a closer step to individualized medicine for the control of chronic HCV infection in resource-limited regions when new treatment regimens are not available
Potel, Julie. "Caractérisation d'inhibiteurs de l'entrée du Virus de l'Hépatite C." Phd thesis, Université du Droit et de la Santé - Lille II, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00842934.
Full textChognard, Gaëlle. "Nouvelle stratégie antivirale contre le virus de l’hépatite C : détournement du complexe de réplication par des ARN non-codants." Thesis, Bordeaux 2, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010BOR21727.
Full textThe current treatment used against Hepatitis C Virus has a limited efficacy and is often hampered by the induction of side-effects. The specific delivery of antiviral proteins in infected cells should increase their efficiency and reduce their impact on healthy cells.Here, we describe the development of a new approach which takes advantage of the viral replication machinery to specifically target the antiviral protein expression to the infected cells. The strategy is based on the delivery of a non-coding replicative RNA (nrRNA) carrying the structures required for the binding of the viral replication complex, flanking the complementary sequence of an antiviral gene. The HCV replication complex replicates the nrRNA similarly to the viral genome to give a coding RNA from which the antiviral protein will be expressed. As non-infected cells do not express the replication complex, this specific machinery can be used to target virus-infected cells without affecting healthy cells.We show that this approach can be successfully applied in both replicon-harboring cells (genotype 1b) and JFH-1 infected cells (genotype 2a) : nrRNAs induced a strong decrease in genomic RNA and viral protein NS5A. These effects were correlated with a strong activation of several interferon stimulated genes.We also verify the harmlessness of the system in uninfected cells by transfecting a RicinA nrRNA. The replication and translation of this nrRNA lead to the cell death by ribosomes inactivation. But nothing occurs in non?infected cells, showing that nrRNA are neither replicated nor translated in absence of the HCV replication complex.The vectorisation of nrRNa was also developed by the use of modified lentivirale particles. We now test the efficient replication and translation of nRNAs in a murin model by using hydrodynamic transfection or the lentiviral delivery of nrRNAs
Caval, Vincent. "Utilisation des propriétés d'assemblage de virus hétérologues pour l'étude du cycle viral du virus de l'hépatite C." Thesis, Tours, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012TOUR3319/document.
Full textThe advent of infectious molecular clones of Hepatitis C virus (HCV) has unlocked the understanding of HCV life cycle. However, packaging of the genomic RNA, which is crucial to generate infectious viral particles, remains poorly understood. To study packaging in vivo, we developed a novel heterologous system to evaluate the interactions of HCV Core capside with viral RNA. This system allowed us to pinpoint Core domains involved in RNA binding, and package and transfer HCV RNA into a lentiviral vector. Aside from this Core dependent recruitment, we engineered retoviral vectors to trans-package MS2-tagged RNAs using MS2 Coat protein interaction. This system allowed us to efficiently recruit MS2-tagged replicons into naive cells and offers the opportunity to visualize HCV RNAs in Huh7.5 cells
Boyer, Audrey. "Caractérisation de mécanismes mis en jeu lors des étapes précoces de l'assemblage des lipoviroparticules du virus de l'hépatite C." Thesis, Tours, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015TOUR3308/document.
Full textIn chronic infection, the hepatitis C virus (HCV) circulates as lipoviral particles (LVP): hybrid particles associating viral (RNA, structural proteins) and cellular components (apolipoproteins, cholesterol). During my PhD, we were interested in identifying the HCV assembly platform, and the role of the association of the viral proteins by NS2 during its formation. We showed that different natures of interactions on the ER membrane are involved in this proteic association. Our results suggest that a complex interplay between proteins of the complex formed by NS2, directly or through “detergent resistant membranes” (DRMs) may be immediately followed by LVPs formation. We also demonstrated that E1E2 heterodimer, apolipoproteins B and E (ApoB, ApoE) associate as a protein complex in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) when expressed together. This complex is formed early in HCV assembly, regardless the expression of other viral proteins, and is conserved on the secreted LVPs. Based on these data, we proposed a mechanism explaining LVP morphogenesis initiation. Then we assessed the importance of E1E2/ApoE association for viral life cycle. We initiate a study to identify the E1E2 amino acids involved in the interaction with apolipoproteins. With these data, we wished to provide a better understanding of the mechanisms of the HCV morphogenesis
Ramière, Christophe. "Interactions entre le métabolisme hépatique des sels biliaires et des lipoprotéines et les infections par les virus des hépatites B et C." Thesis, Lyon 1, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012LYO10016.
Full textHepatitis B and C viruses (HBV and HCV) infections are tightly linked with hepatic lipid metabolism. HBV replication depends on specific nuclear receptors, such as HNF4α and PPARα, both implicated in this metabolism. HCV assembly depends on the synthesis of Very-Low-Density Lipoproteins (VLDL), and the virus circulates in the blood as lipo-viral-particles associated in particular with apoB, an essential component of VLDL. In this study, we first studied the influence of FXRα, the nuclear receptor for bile acids, on HBV replication. We showed that, in vitro, bile acids, via FXRα, were able to activate the HBV Core promoter which controls the level of viral replication. Then, in the study of the interactions between HCV and lipoproteins, we demonstrated that apoB, which is associated with a proportion of viral particles, played an important role in HCV infectivity in vitro, and that Cideb, a protein involved in VLDL assembly, was implicated in the association between HCV and apoB and influenced the infectivity of secreted viral particles. Finally, we showed that, besides HCV infectious particles, sub-particles bearing only viral envelope glycoproteins circulated in the blood of infected patients. Interactions of HBV with the metabolism of bile acids, and of HCV with the metabolism of lipoproteins, are two examples of adaptation of a parasite to its host. The potential benefits from these interactions are still to be determined, as well as the possibility to develop anti-viral strategies targeting lipid metabolism
Awad, Aline. "Effets de la protéine core du virus de l’Hépatite C sur la polarité cellulaire dans les cellules épithéliales, importance de la phosphatase SHIP2." Thesis, Paris 11, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014PA11T082.
Full textHCV infects hepatocytes, polarized cells of the liver. HCV replication cycle is dependent on lipid metabolism of the host cell. But the relationship between HCV cell polarity and lipid metabolism is unknown. We demonstrated that SHIP2 plays an important role in establishment of the apicobasal epithelial cell polarity. The HCV core protein induces loss of cell polarity and decreases the expression of the phosphatase SHIP2. The reintroduction of SHIP2 in cells expressing core restores cell polarity and decreases the expression of core protein. SHIP2 also negatively affect lipid droplets, which are important for HCV replication. These results show the role of SHIP2 in cell polarity and designate it as an attractive target for research in the fight against HCV infection
Guinoiseau, Thibault. "Etude des propriétés génétiques et fonctionnelles des variants du virus de l'hépatite C lors d'évènements de transmission." Thesis, Tours, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018TOUR3301.
Full textIn infected individuals, HCV circulates as a complex mixture of genetically different, but closely related viral variants named quasispecies. In a transmission event, some viral variants are preferentially transmitted. The genetic and functional properties of these variants are still unknown. The aim of our work was to identify molecular determinants of E1E2 associates with a greater capacity of transmission. We also intend to study the functional properties of transmitted and no transmitted variants, as for example sensibility to autologous neutralization. Studied sera samples were obtained from three women and their child infected by the HCV, who were participating in HIV prevention clinical trial for the prevention of perinatal transmission of HIV in Thailand. Quasispecies were studied with single genome amplification (SGA) followed by deep sequencing (Illumina). A decrease in intra-host diversity (genetic bottleneck) was observed in the viral population of child near birth (week 6) compared with that observed in the mother (just before delivery). For 2 pairs, the major variant observed in the mother was the same as the major one identified in the child. Retroviral pseudotypes (HCVpp), bearing each transmitted and non-transmitted envelope glycoproteins were produced. For each one, the level of infectivity on HuH7 cells was measured as well as the neutralizing activity of the autologous sera. For the first pair, the major variant (transmitted) appears resistant to autologous neutralization. For the second pair, the transmitted minor variant appears slightly resistant to autologous neutralization. A non-transmitted major variant is sensitive to autologous neutralization. Complementary studies with HCV derived from cell culture (HCVcc) are in progress We hope that the results of this study may be helpful to better understand early steps of HCV infection, which is of great interest for the development of immunoprophylaxis and vaccine strategies
Lefevre, Mathieu. "Rôle de l'apoliprotéine E dans le cycle du virus de l'hépatite C." Thesis, Strasbourg, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014STRAJ003.
Full textHepatitis C virus (HCV) infection is a major cause of liver disease worldwide and represents a major health problem. HCV associates with host lipoproteins forming host/viral hybrid complexes termed lipoviral particles. Apolipoprotein E (apoE) is a lipoprotein component that interacts with heparan sulfate proteoglycans (HSPG) to mediate hepatic lipoprotein uptake, and may likewise mediate HCV entry. I sought to define the functional regions of apoE with an aim to identify critical apoE binding partners involved in HCV infection. I demonstrated a direct correlation of apoE expression and HCV infectivity, whereas no correlation exists with viral protein translation or replication. Mutating the HSPG binding domain (HSPG-BD) of apoE revealed key residues that are critical for mediating HCV infection. Finally, I identified Syndecan-4 (SDC4), an HSPG family member, as the principal HSPG mediating HCV entry. Our data demonstrate that HCV uses apoE-SDC4 interactions to enter hepatocytes and establish efficient viral infection
Shen, Hong. "Hepatitis C infection models." Thesis, Paris 5, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012PA05T016.
Full textHepatitis C virus (HCV) is one of the major causes of liver disease all over the world which has a high risk to progress to cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma. Currently, the licensed standard treatment of HCV infection is Pegylated-interferon (peg-IFN) and ribavirin. Although the sustained viral response (SVR) rate of treatment has improved during these years, this therapy is not effective in all patients. In addition, several toxic side effects, complication and high cost limit the patient compliance and the efficacy of the treatment. There is no easy model of HCV infection and it is necessary to develop useful in vitro and in vivo models to study the pathobiology of HCV infection, including early events of acute infection (viral entry, immunological mechanisms, and genetic predictors) as well as the evaluation of the potency of the HCV antiviral drugs. We report here in our efforts in developing suitable models of HCV infection. In a first step, we preliminary established a small animal model to study HCV infection. Tupaia is a small, closed related to primate and cost-effective animal. In our work, we investigated the susceptibly of tupaia to HCV infection. Twelve adult tupaias were inoculated with native HCV from patient serum and full-length HCV RNA (Genotype 1a). Three young tupaias were artificially breeded for a month and then inoculated by native HCV from patient serum. HCV RNA, anti-HCV and HCV quasi species evolution were determined in the animal before and after inoculation. Transient and intermittent infection occurred in two among 3 young tupaias and HCV chronic infection occurred in four among 12 adult tupaias. Tupaia should represent a useful model for study HCV chronic infection. In a second step, an in vitro culture system of primary tupaia hepatocytes has been established in which HCV infection could be blocked neither by the soluble CD81 nor by antibodies against CD81. To understand these results, we cloned, sequenced the large extracellular loop (LEL) of tupaia CD81 and analyzed the interaction of HCV E2 with the tupaia CD81 LEL by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (EIA). We found that in the tupaia the amino acids sequence of HCV CD81 LEL presented in 6 different amino acid residues compared with human CD81 LEL sequence and the CD81 LEL ability to bind to HCV E2 was also decreased. The different structure of CD81 between human and tupaia could explain the alteration of the interaction between HCV E2 and CD81. This result demonstrated an important role of CD81 LEL for HCV entry. In a third step, we developed an ex vivo model of human liver slices culture and their infection with HCV. The development of human cultured HCV-replication-permissive hepatocarcinoma cell lines has provided important new virological tools to study the mechanisms of HCV infection; however this experimental model remains distantly related to physiological and pathological conditions. Here, we report the development of a new ex vivo model using human adult liver slices culture, demonstrating, for the first time, the ability of primary isolates to undergo de novo viral replication with the production of high titer infectious virus, as well as JFH-1, H77/C3, Con1/C3 (HCVcc). This experimental model was validated by demonstrating the HCV neutralization or HCV inhibition, in a dose-dependent manner, either by CD81 or E2 specific antibodies or convalescent serum from a recovered HCV patient, or by anti-viral drugs. This new ex vivo model represents a powerful tool for studying the viral life cycle, dynamics of virus spread in the liver and also for evaluating the efficacy of the new antiviral drugs. In the last step, we evaluated the efficacy of the new antiviral drugs with our ex vivo model of human adult liver slices. HCV NS3/4A protease is essential for viral replication and has been one of the most important target for developing specific antiviral drug
Baudesson, Camille. "Etude de la régulation de l’expression des ARN non-codants au cours de l’infection par des virus à ARN : Implications de la protéine KSRP dans la réplication du virus de l’Hépatite C et de la souche HCoV-229E des Coronavirus." Thesis, Paris Est, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019PESC0007/document.
Full textRésumé en anglaisRNA viruses have been the cause of many epidemics in recent decades. Despite major therapeutic advances, a majority of infection is currently orphan for treatment. The development of new broad spectrum antivirals is a therapeutic alternative to maximize the number of targeted viruses, minimize production costs and improve access to population. In order to find new cellular targets for this type of therapeutic approach, understanding the molecular mechanisms used by RNA viruses to infect the host is essential.Viruses exploit cellular factors to survive and to disseminate. Among those factors, microRNA (miRNA) and long non-coding RNA (lnCRNA) can participate to cellular antiviral response but can also be hijacked by the virus to improve the infection. These two families of non-coding RNA could interact with cellular RNA-binding protein (RBP) such as KSRP. This ubiquitous protein is involved in RNA expression control via its participation to pre-mRNA splicing, decay of AU-rich element mRNA and maturation of microRNAs. The functions and localization of KSRP are dependent of post- modification by the cellular kinases Akt, ATM and p38/MAPK.The aim of my thesis was to study the modulation of the expression of these two classes of non-coding RNA during infection by RNA viruses such as the hepatitis C virus (HCV) and the HCoV-229E strain of the Coronaviruses. More specifically, we evaluated the involvement of KSRP in the regulation of non-coding RNAs essential for these infections.My research project began with the study of microRNA-122 (miR-122) the maturation. This miRNA is a proviral factor for HCV infection. We have shown that the Akt-dependent phosphorylation of S193-KSRP promoted the interaction of pri-miR-122 with the DROSHA / DGCR8 nuclear complex and thus was essential for the maturation of miR-122, finally promoting viral replication. We then investigated the role of KSRP phosphorylation by ATM and p38 / MAPK on viral replication and on miR-122 maturation. ATM phosphorylation does not seem to play a major role in these two parameters. In contrast, phosphorylation of KSRP on the T692 residue by p38 / MAPK kinase appears to play a positive role on viral replication.In a second step, by homology with the results obtained in the case of the HCV infection, we studied the role of KSRP during the infection with the HCoV-229E strain of Coronaviruses. After siKSRP transfection or exogenous expression of the KSRP protein, we were able to demonstrate that KSRP was a proviral cellular factor for HCoV-229E replication.In order to characterize the modulation of non-coding RNAs expression during HcoV-229E infection and to identify the non-coding RNAs whose expression could be regulated by KSRP, we performed two high-throughput sequencing ("NGS") assays. The analysis performed on infected and non-infected cells allowed us to identify all the miRNAs and lncRNAs whose expression was altered by the virus. We cross-examined these results with a second "NGS" performed on HCoV-229E infected cells inhibited for KSRP. We found that the expression of an InCARN (LinC00473) was modulated under both experimental conditions. We demonstrated a strong KSRP-dependent induction of LinC00473 expression at 24 h post-infection, then a decrease at 48 h post-infection. Inhibition of this factor results in decreased viral replication suggesting that LinC00473 is a proviral cell factor at the onset of infection.Our results have shown the proviral role of the KSRP protein during two viral infections (HCV and HCoV-229E of the coronaviruses). Its involvement in the regulation of RNA expression makes of KSRP an effective tool for discovering new non-coding RNA therapeutic targets for other viral infections
Alsaleh, Khaled. "Rôle des acides aminés basiques de la partie N-terminale de la protéine de capside dans l’assemblage du virus de l’hépatite C." Thesis, Lille 1, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010LIL10131/document.
Full textA major function of the hepatitis C virus (HCV) core protein is the interaction with genomic RNA to form the nucleocapsid, an essential component of the virus particle. Analyses to identify basic amino acid residues of HCV core protein, important for capsid assembly, were initially performed with a cell-free system, which did not indicate the importance of these residues for HCV infectivity. The development of a cell culture system for HCV (HCVcc) allows a more precise analysis of these core protein amino acids during the HCV life cycle. In the present study, we used a mutational analysis in the context of the HCVcc system to determine the role of the basic amino acid residues of the core protein in HCV infectivity. We focused our analysis on basic residues located in two clusters (cluster 1, amino acids [aa]6 to 23; cluster 2, aa 39 to 62) within the N-terminal 62 amino acids of the HCV core protein. Our data indicate that basic residues of the first cluster have little impact on replication and are dispensable for infectivity. Furthermore, only four basic amino acids residues of the second cluster (R50, K51, R59, and R62) were essential for the production of infectious viral particles. Mutation of these residues did not interfere with core protein subcellular localization, core protein-RNA interaction, or core protein oligomerization. Moreover, these mutations had no effect on core protein envelopment by intracellular membranes. Together, these data indicate that R50, K51, R59, and R62 residues play a major role in the formation of infectious viral particles at a post-nucleocapsid assembly step
Albecka, Anna. "Étude de l’entrée cellulaire du virus de l’hépatite C : rôle du récepteur aux LDL et identification de régions fonctionnelles des protéines de l’enveloppe virale." Thesis, Lille 1, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010LIL10143/document.
Full textTo initiate its life cycle, hepatitis C virus (HCV) needs to cross the cellular membrane. This process involves the viral envelope proteins and cellular receptor(s). During this thesis, we studied these two aspects. Our objectives were to identify new functional determinants in HCV glycoprotein E2 and to investigate the role of the LDL receptor (LDLR) during the HCV life cycle. With the hypothesis that E1 and E2 glycoproteins have co-evolved within the different genotypes, we identified functional intergenotypic incompatibilities between these two proteins. Based on a structural model, we then constructed several series of intergenotypic E2 chimeras. The functionality of these chimeras was analyzed in an infectious system and with the help of retroviral pseudotypes. This work led us to identify several E2 determinants involved in viral particle assembly as well as a juxtamembrane region taking part in virus entry. This latter has also been characterized at a structural level to better understand its role. Due to the potential interaction between HCV particle and low-density lipoproteins, the LDLR has been proposed as an entry factor for this virus. However, its exact role in HCV entry remains poorly understood. In this thesis, we investigated the role of this receptor in the HCV life cycle by comparing virus entry to the mechanism of lipoprotein uptake. We showed that the viral particle interacts with the LDLR. However, this interaction does not seem to lead to a productive infection. Furthermore, our data are in favour for a role of the LDLR as a lipid providing receptor which modules viral RNA replication
Brocard, Michèle. "Etude des facteurs cellulaires impliqués dans l’initiation de la traduction médiée par le signal d’entrée interne des ribosomes du virus de l’hépatite C." Paris 6, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007PA066401.
Full textTigrett, Sylvia. "Détection sensible du virus de l’hépatite C et étude protéomique de la sclérose en plaques via un enrichissement innovant et sélectif de biomarqueurs." Thesis, Montpellier, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016MONT3501.
Full textThe fight against pathologies, especially inflammatory or chronic ones, needs new strategies to propose an improved and personalized medicine. The search for biomarkers deals with this challenge. A novel screening system based on an activated scavenger molecule is described here. Due to its implication in the elimination of non-self and altered-self, this activated scavenger has the ability to interact with biomolecules that cause pathologies or that result from the pathological imbalance. It is therefore very probable that the ligands of this scavenger count a high proportion of biomarkers. This functional screening may then help understand the physiopathology and might even identify potential diagnostic companions or drug candidates. This approach is applied to Hepatitis C, a condition of known viral etiology, and to multiple sclerosis, a more complex neuropathology
Lévesque, Michel. "Étude du ribozyme SOFA-HDV comme outil moléculaire : application et optimisation." Thèse, Université de Sherbrooke, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/11143/6243.
Full textLéon, Lucie. "Estimation de prévalences et d’incidences à partir d’enquêtes épidémiologiques transversales répétées auprès de populations difficiles d’accès : Application au virus de l’hépatite C chez les usagers de drogues en France." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016SACLS440/document.
Full textHepatitis C virus (HCV) is a public-health issue that drug users (DU) remain the major source of contamination in France. Conducting seroepidemiological surveys among this population to assess the HCV dynamic is difficult particularly due to their illicit practices. This population can be accessible through survey locations or can be hidden (who does not visit any location). To survey each part, we presented time-location sampling (TLS) and respondent-driven sampling. We presented TLS in the context of an indirect sampling and proposed a design-based inference taking into account the frequency of venue attendance (FVA) to estimate a total or a proportion. We recommend this method for estimating the prevalence of a disease in surveys among hard-to-reach populations, even if errors occur in the FVA reported by the participants. The ANRS-Coquelicot survey carried out in 2004 among DU attending centres providing services to drug users, then repeated in 2011, allowed us to estimate the HCV prevalence at 43.7%. Using these two surveys, we estimated age- and time-dependent HCV incidence from a mathematical model linking prevalence and incidence. This model consisted in combining a compartmental model with a regression model. The HCV incidence was thus estimated at 4.4/100 person-years in 2011. This method is an alternative approach to estimate incidence of a disease from cross-sectional epidemiological data in the absence of cohort or biological tests to identify acute infections. The decline in HCV incidence is to be expected given decreasing prevalence, recent developments in harm reduction measures and new therapeutic approaches despite a potential increase of at-risk behaviors
Dujardin, Marie. "Etude des relations structurales et fonctionnelles entre le domaine 2 de la protéine NS5A du virus de l’hépatite C et la Cyclophiline A humaine." Thesis, Lille 1, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015LIL10070/document.
Full textHepatitis C Virus (HCV) is a positive strand RNA virus that has infected more than 130 million people worldwide. Cyclophilin inhibitors hold promise as a novel anti-HCV therapy. The host protein Cyclophilin A (CypA) plays an essential role in HCV RNA replication but its molecular function is unknown. The HCV protein NS5A (in its domain 2, NS5A-D2) has been shown to be implicated in the action of CypA as resistance mutations appeared in this domain under low doses of Cyclosporine A (CsA), the well-known CypA inhibitor with anti-HCV properties. NS5A is still an enigmatic multifunctional protein poorly characterized at the molecular level. This protein is strictly required for viral RNA replication but its precise molecular function(s) remain(s) to be elucidated. Its disordered domain 2 directly interacts with host CypA and is a substrate for the peptidyl-prolyl cis/trans isomerase activity of CypA. The binding site onto NS5A-D2 corresponds to the most conserved region of the domain. In this region a mutation D316E has been shown to confer CsA resistance. In this work we identified by NMR spectroscopy a short structural motif including this particular position in the otherwise disordered NS5A-D2, and report its structure. We show that this structural motif is essential for HCV RNA replication. In addition, we analyze the structural consequences of the resistance mutation to CypA inhibitors, and the functional consequences of these mutation regarding the binding and PPIase activity of CypA. Alisporivir in a non-immunosuppressive analogue of CsA with anti-HCV activity currently evaluated in phase III clinical trials, we analyzed by X-ray crystallography the structure of the CypA-Alisporivir complex in order to provide a molecular explanation for its non-immunosuppressive character. We also describe the interaction between NS5A-D2 and the HCV RNA dependent RNA polymerase NS5B. We use two different strategies to incorporate a 19F nucleus in NS5A-D2 and explore the use of 19F NMR to monitor the interaction between NS5A-D2 and NS5B. We also investigated the structural and functional relationship between NS5A-D2 and the human Hexokinase 2 (HK2), the first rate limiting enzyme of glycolysis. NS5A-D2 interacts with HK2 and this interaction is sufficient to increase HK2 activity. These results shed new light on the mechanisms by which NS5A-D2 contributes to the HCV replication cycle
Esteban, Riesco Laura. "Rôle des anticorps neutralisants autologues dans la guérison spontanée lors d'une infection par le virus de l'hépatite C." Thesis, Tours, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012TOUR3304/document.
Full textOnly 30% of Hepatitis C virus infected individuals recover spontaneously. We investigated the mechanismsleading to early HCV clearance. The purpose of this work was: (i) to explore the diversity and the early geneticevolution of the HCV envelope glycoproteins, and the infectivity spectrum of isolated variants and (ii) toanalyze the ability of the autologous neutralizing response to control these variants. We selected two patientswho developed an acute HCV infection. To explore the impact of mutations on infectivity and neutralization,retroviral pseudoparticules were produced with representative E1 and E2 sequences. For the first case, themaximum neutralizing activity was observed in the serum collected between 2 and 3 months post ALT peak,the activity was still detectable after 30 months. For the second case, autologous neutralizing activity wasdetected in every serum collected between 4 days and 13 months after. A gradual increase of neutralizationactivity was observed over time with a maximum 5 to 6 months. We have shown that the neutralizing responsewas detectable at early stages of primoinfection and was sustained beyond the time at which the virus wascleared. These observations raise interesting questions about the role of such antibodies in case of re-exposure
Zahid, Muhammad nauman. "Impact of SR-BI and CD81 on Hepatitis C virus entry and evasion." Thesis, Strasbourg, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012STRAJ014/document.
Full textHepatitis C virus (HCV) is a major cause of liver cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma. In the first part of my PhD, we aimed to further characterize the role of scavenger receptor class B type I (SR-BI) in HCV infection. While the SR-BI determinants involved in HCV binding have been partially characterized, the post-binding function of SR-BI remains remained largely unknown. To further explore the role of HCV-SR-BI interaction during HCV infection, we generated a novel class of anti-SR-BI monoclonal antibodies inhibiting HCV infection. We demonstrated that human SR-BI plays a dual role in the HCV entry process during both binding and post-binding steps. Targeting the post-binding function of SR-BI thus represents an interesting antiviral strategy against HCV infection. In the second part of my PhD, we aimed to characterize the molecular mechanisms underlying HCV re-infection of the graft after liver transplantation (LT). We identified threeadaptive mutations in envelope glycoprotein E2 mediating enhanced entry and evasion of a highly infectious escape variant. These mutations markedly modulated CD81 receptor dependency resulting in enhanced viral entry. The identification of these mechanisms advances our understanding of the pathogenesis of HCV infection and paves the way for the development of novel antiviral strategies and vaccines
Herzog, Katharina. "Impact of OGT on late steps of the hepatitis C virus replication cycle." Thesis, Strasbourg, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019STRAJ085.
Full textHepatitis C is caused by the hepatitis C virus (HCV) leading in most subjects to chronic liver infection resulting in chronic hepatitis and progressive liver disease and thereby to development of lethal complications, i.e. cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Infection of human hepatocytes by HCV is a multistep process involving viral and host factors. microRNAs (miRNAs) are small non-coding RNAs that post-transcriptionally regulate gene expression. A functional high-throughput miRNA mimic screen identified miR-501-3p and miR-619-3p as novel modulators of HCV assembly/release. We discovered that these miRNAs regulate O-linked N-acetylglucosamine (O-GlcNAc) transferase (OGT) protein expression and identified OGT and O-GlcNAcylation as regulators of HCV morphogenesis and infectivity. Furthermore, increased OGT expression in patient-derived liver tissue was associated with HCV liver disease and cancer. In addition to its effect on HCV morphogenesis, OGT may thus play a role in HCV-induced liver disease and hepatocarcinogenesis
Douam, Florian. "Hepatitis C Virus E1E2 co-evolving networks unveil their functional dialogs and highlight original therapeutic strategies." Phd thesis, Ecole normale supérieure de lyon - ENS LYON, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00946592.
Full textCrouchet, Émilie. "Nouveaux rôles de l'apolipoprotéine E dans le cycle du virus de l'hépatite C : Docteur Jekyll ou Mister Hyde ?" Thesis, Strasbourg, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016STRAJ036/document.
Full textHepatitis C virus (HCV) infection is a major cause of chronic hepatitis, liver cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma worldwide. Understanding virus-host interactions in hepatocytes will contribute towards the development of new therapeutic strategies and a protective vaccine. HCV life cycle and the lipid metabolism are inextricably intertwined. A particular feature of this virus is that, in the blood, HCV virions are associated with lipoproteins, forming an infectious lipoviroparticle (LVP). Apolipoprotein E (apoE) is a key component of LVPs that plays an essential role in HCV entry and virions production. My PhD project entailed a more detailed dissection of apoE’s role in the HCV life cycle. I demonstrated that lipid-free apoE inhibits HCV replication by regulating the hepatic lipid metabolism via an ABCG1-dependent cholesterol efflux. Furthermore, I contributed to a study demonstrating that LVP-associated apoE helps the virus escape host immunity by blocking access of neutralizing antibodies to the viral glycoprotein E2. The work presented highlights two new roles of apoE in HCV pathogenesis
Van, Renne Nicolaas. "Identification des circuits biologiques induits par le virus de l'hépatite C et leurs implications dans le développement du carcinome hepatocellulaire." Thesis, Strasbourg, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016STRAJ015/document.
Full textBy combining a cell culture system of hepatocyte-like cells with purified hepatitis C virus (HCV), we effectively simulated chronic infection in vitro. We found this infection model induces a transcriptomic profile of chronic HCV patients at high risk of developing hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Using this model, we have uncovered the functional role of EGFR as a driver of the HCC risk signature and revealed candidate drivers of the molecular recalibration of hepatocytes leading to liver cancer. In an approach to study liver disease in vivo, we opted to screen for protein phosphatase expression in liver biopsies of chronic HCV patients. We observed a downregulation of PTPRD, a well-known tumor suppressor. We demonstrated that this effect is mediated by an increase in miR-135a-5p which targets PTPRD mRNA. Moreover, in silico analysis shows that PTPRD expression in adjacent liver tissue of HCC patients correlates with survival and reduced tumor recurrence after surgical resection
Lebsir, Nadjet. "Étude sur l'interaction entre le virus de l'hépatite C et le facteur cellulaire proviral GBF1." Thesis, Lille 2, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018LIL2S027/document.
Full textGBF1 has emerged as a host factor required for the replication of RNA viruses of different families. During the hepatitis C virus (HCV) life cycle, GBF1 performs a critical function at the onset of replication, but is dispensable when the replication is established. To better understand how GBF1 regulates HCV infection, we have looked for interactions between GBF1 and HCV proteins. NS3 was found to interact with GBF1 in yeast two-hybrid, in co-immunoprecipitation and in proximity ligation assays, and to interfere with GBF1 function and alter GBF1 intracellular localization in cells expressing NS3. The interaction was mapped to the Sec7 domain of GBF1 and the protease domain of NS3. A yeast two-hybrid screen for mutations altering NS3-GBF1 interaction yielded an NS3 mutant (N77D, Con1 strain) that is non-replicative despite conserved protease activity. The mutated residue is exposed at the surface of NS3, suggesting it could be part of the domain of NS3 that interacts with GBF1. The corresponding mutation in JFH-1 strain (S77D) produces the same phenotype. Our results provide evidence for an interaction between NS3 and GBF1 and suggest that an alteration of this interaction is detrimental to HCV replication
Clement, Camille. "Etude de la dynamique spatiotemporelle des interactions VHC-récepteurs." Thesis, Strasbourg, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019STRAJ098.
Full textTo infect hepatocytes the hepatitis C virus (HCV) interacts with many entry factors and thedynamics of HCV interaction with these receptors lead to virus uptake. Among them,Claudin 1 (CLDN1) and Occludin (OCLN), major proteins composing the tight junctions(TJs). The dynamics of spatiotemporal interaction and the location of the interaction remainunclear and controversial. During my pHD I used live cell imaging to study spatiotemporaldynamics of HCV-receptors. I developed biological imaging tools and generated several celllines that endogenously expressed OCLN and CLDN1 fused to a fluorescent tag andlabeled HCV particles. Live cell imaging and tracking of single viral particles demonstratedthat the HCV-OCLN interaction occurs outside of TJs and that the OCLN seems to stabilizethe HCV-receptor complex to allow its uptake in the cell
Wolski, David. "Integrative analysis of CD8 T-cell responses in the context of adaptive immunity to acute Hepatitis C virus infection." Thesis, Strasbourg, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017STRAJ018/document.
Full textInfection with Hepatitis C virus typically establishes chronic infection, but about 20% of subjects clear HCV spontaneously. There is strong evidence that functional CD8 T cells are critical for HCV control. In the first part of my thesis we identified a new marker for exhausted T cells, CD39, that we showed to be upregulated in chronic HCV infection, progressive HIV infection and in chronic infection with LCMV. In the second part we used an integrative analysis approach to study transcriptional regulation of CD8 T cells in the acute phase of HCV infection with different outcomes. We found early transcriptional changes in key immune effector pathways as well as metabolic and nucleosomal processes in CD8 T cells from patients with persistent infection. Some of these changes track with a lack of HCV-specific CD4 T cells exhibit associations with subject age and sex. Our findings suggest that CD8 T cell exhaustion in HCV infection is linked to early gene regulatory events that are not only amplified by chronic inflammation and a lack of CD4 help, but might also be influenced by disease-relevant host factors such as patient age and sex
Loko, Marc-Arthur. "Epidémiologie clinique de la prise en charge des patients co-infectés par le VIH et le virus de l’hépatite C à partir des cohortes ANRS CO 03 Aquitaine et ANRS CO 13 HEPAVIH." Thesis, Bordeaux 2, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009BOR21693/document.
Full textChronic hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection is common in patients with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). HIV-HCV Co-infection is associated with more severe and more rapid progression of HCV, leading to increased incidence of fibrosis, cirrhosis, and end-stage liver disease. Our work is devoted to the description of HIV-HCV co-infected patients (2006-2008). We also evaluated the prevalence and factors associated with liver steatosis in these patients. Lastly, we addressed the issue of the non-invasive assessment of liver fibrosis. The management of HIV-HCV co-infected patients should comprise a systematic screening of liver steatosis. The assessment of liver fibrosis using two non-invasive tests (eg Fibroscan-Apri, Fibroscan-Fibrotest) should be considered. In case of discordance between the results of these tests, a liver biopsy must be performed
Sturm, Nathalie. "Etude phénotypique et fonctionnelle des lymphocytes intra-hépatiques dans l'hépatite chronique virale C et le carcinome hépatocellulaire." Phd thesis, Université de Grenoble, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00649495.
Full textBlaising, Julie Élisabeth Françoise. "Étude des mécanismes moléculaires des inhibiteurs de l'entrée du virus de l'hépatite C (HCV) Silibinine et Arbidol : microenvironnement hépatique et infection par le HCV." Thesis, Lyon 1, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013LYO10235.
Full textHepatitis C virus (HCV) is a global health concern infecting 170 million people worldwide. New antivirals recently received the approval for the treatment against HCV infection but they display many side effects. Research for new therapeutic targets therefore remains an important topic. My main work was to develop approaches in biochemistry and live cell imaging to study the molecular mechanisms of action of antivirals silibinin (SbN) and arbidol (ARB) on HCV infection. We show that SbN and ARB alter clathrin-mediated endocytosis. Viral particles are trapped in clathrin-positive structures and cannot be delivered to the early endosomal compartment, thereby preventing infection. SbN and ARB also prevent cell infection by viruses that enter through clathrin-mediated endocytosis, which could explain their broad spectrum activity. I also contribute to a project initiated for a few months in the lab. We hypothsized that a molecule present in the immediate surrouding of the hepatocyte microenvironment could play a role in HCV infection. We focused on the syndecan-1 (SDC1) because it is essentially anchored on the surface of hepatocytes. We show that SDC1 depletion leads to a drastic decrease of the viral infectivity. SDC1 colocalizes on the unfected hepatocyte surface with the already identified HCV recptor CD81. This colocalization vanished within days in infected cells. These data suggest that SDC1 could act as a cellular co-factor for HCV entry, in combination with CD81; thus infection could reorganized molecules of the hepatocyte microenvironment and contribute to HCV hepatotropism and the peristence of infection