Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Virus de l'hépatite B – Variabilité'
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Kassab, Somar. "Variabilité du virus de l'hépatite B." Thesis, Bordeaux, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014BORD0056/document.
Full textThe genetic polymorphism of hepatitis B virus (HBV) has been investigated tounderstand its impact on disease evolution, with discordant results. This could be due to thenarrow range of genotype and plasmatic viral load in these studies.We analysed complete genome variability of circulating HBV, in 422 chronicallyinfected patients. All were naive of anti-viral treatement and 38% had a plasmatic viral loadbelow 103 UI/mL. After optimisation of full length genome PCR amplification, we obtainedSanger sequences for more than 90% of HBV genome in 320 samples. We detected by directsequencing multiples co-infections that were confirmed by clonal pyrosequencing in 27samples. Defective viruses were always observed in co-infection with wild type virus. Directsequences showed a large representation of the most frequent genotypes (A to E), but also 60potential inter-genotypic recombinants. Clonal pyrosequencing and vectorial sequencingshowed that these potential recombinants were co-infections with different genotypes orintermediate genotypes located between close genotypes. These observations are incontradiction with the hypothesis described in the literature on recombination by geneticmaterial exchange.This study will be completed by a correlation analysis between the polymorphisms andmarkers of bad prognosis during HBV-induced disease
Thermet, Séverine. "Étude moléculaire et biologique de variants du VHB." Lyon 1, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006LYO10139.
Full textMartel, Nora. "Variabilité génétique du virus de l'hépatite B et implication sur le diagnostic et la pathogénèse." Phd thesis, Université Claude Bernard - Lyon I, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00865253.
Full textAbdou, Chekaraou Mariama. "Variabilité génétique des souches virales HBV et HDV circulant dans la région du Sahara en Afrique et étude de la co-spéciation HBV/HDV." Paris 13, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010PA132001.
Full textInfection with hepatitis B (HBV) in SubSaharan Africe is an issue of major public health. The prevalence of the envelope protein of the virus, HBs antigen (HBsAg) can reach up to 30% in some countries. In addition it is estimated between 70 to 100 million, the number of chronic carriers of HBV with an annual death rate of about 250 000. Data on coinfection with hepatitis D (HDV) virus satellite of HBV are very rare because very few studies have been conducted. In terms of molecular characterization of HBV and HDV circulating strains, studies, although partial and conducted with a small number of samples, have been reported. Two HBV genotypes, HBV/E, and HBV/A (with its sub genotypes A1, A2, A3, A4 and A5) have been mainly identified in sub-Saharan Africa. Genotype D is confined to North Africa. In addition, several recombinant strains between genotype E and genotypes A and/or D have also been described. Concerning the HDV, 4 "African genotypes", HDV-5, -6, -7 and -8 have been characterized in the laboratory from African patients immigrants in France, who had been infected in their country of origin. Two studies conducted in Gabon confirmed the presence of HDV genotype-7 and -8. In this study we wanted to determine the molecular epidemiology of HBV and HDV strains circulating in Niger and more generally in the Sahara region, in neighboring countries of Mali from Mauritania and Chad. In a cohort from blood donors in Niger HBsAg carriers, we found that 80% of the studied strains belonged to genotype E. These strains showed genetic variability significantly different from that described for HBV/E strains of the literature (p <0. 005) suggesting an ancient diffusion of infection in Niger. Furthermore, we identified a new recombinant HB /D-E between strains HBV/D and HBV / E, representing nearly 20% of strains isolated in our cohort, with the specific breakpoints located in hotspots recombination described elsewhere in the literature. The recombinant HBV/D-E showed a divergence in its complete nucleotide sequence of more than 4% as compared to HBV genotypes /D described to date. The extensive phylogenetic analyses carried out allow us to classify it as clear as a new genotype, we proposed HBV/D8. Similarly, as also described by other teams, we have highlighted other recombinant HBV/E-D, both in Niger, but also in Mauritania with profiles different from each other, reflecting the high genetic variability of viral strains in the region. In contrast, the prevalence of HDV infection in Niger seemed a priori low. Four strains in our cohort (7. 8%), all classified as genotype HDV-1 were isolated. The study of HBV / HDV co-speciation in this region of Saharan Africa (Niger, Mali, Mauritania and Chad) was undertaken from 82 samples from the laboratory collection of HDV positive serum. Genotype E was associated with all delta genotypes found, HDV -1, -5 and -7. Similarly, HBV/D strain was also able to envelope the HDV-1 and -5. To test whether the envelopment of HDV or HBV was dependent or not on genotypes of virus strains, we developed a cellular in vitro model of transient co-transfection of plasmids encoding the HBsAg protein and large delta protein. The measurement method consisted of evaluating the formation of viral like particles. Preliminary results obtained with HBV/D co-transfected with HDV-1, -3, -5, -6, and -7, showed that HDV-1, but not HDV-5, was wrapped. With this model, studies are continuing to analyze the ability of the genotype E to wrapping different "Delta African genotypes"
Eschlimann, Marine. "Influence de la variabilité des protéines d’enveloppe du virus de l’hépatite B sur l’évolution de l’infection évaluée par la persistance de l’antigène HBs." Thesis, Université de Lorraine, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017LORR0133/document.
Full textChronic hepatitis B affects about 257 million people worldwide. The loss of HBS antigen (HBsAg), a marker of the functional cure, is very rarely observed, even on anti-HBV treatment (3-16%). The hepatitis B virus (HBV) envelope proteins (HBsAg) are highly variable and crucial for the viral infectivity and pathogeny. We hypothesized that the HBV variability in the envelope proteins could explain, at least partially, the evolution of HBV infection, evaluated by HBsAg clearance, in patients treated or not by anti-HBV nucleos(t)idic analogues. For 29 patients infected with different HBV genotypes (A, C and D), presenting different clinical profiles (acute or chronic infection, HBV/HIV co-infection) and therapies, a very high variability of HBV envelope proteins was observed. In these patients, the persistence of HBsAg was correlated with the presence of mutations and deletions located in areas that play a key role in the viral recognition by the immune system. These results reinforce the hypothesis that the study of HBV envelope proteins could highlight molecular signatures influencing HBV fitness which would subsequently modify the clinical evolution of HBV-related disease
Nicot, Florence. "Variabilité génétique du virus de l'hépatite C et persistance virale." Toulouse 3, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010TOU30131.
Full textIdentification of new factors influencing viral response and HCV persistence is needed. Genetic diversity of HCV genotype 2 and 4 strains in Midi-Pyrénées areas was studied and revealed 8 and 12 subtypes, respectively. Intravenous drug use was the major route of infection for HCV subtypes 4a, 4d and 2a. A microarray-based molecular approach was developed for identification of HCV genotype and subtype. The impact of HCV variability and pharmacological parameters on the virological response was evaluated and showed that ribavirin concentrations and HCV subtype influence the virological response to pegylated interferon and ribavirin. Indeed, patients infected with HCV subtype 1b have a better chance of achieving sustained virological response than those infected with 1a. Finally, we have shown absence of HCV persistence in formerly HCV-infected immunocompromised patients suggesting the complete eradication of HCV
Soler, Muriel. "Variabilité génétique du virus de l'hépatite C et échec thérapeutique." Paris 12, 2004. https://athena.u-pec.fr/primo-explore/search?query=any,exact,990003947490204611&vid=upec.
Full textThe HCV 5’ noncoding region, containing an IRES, and the NS3 protease presented both a high genetic complexity and a low diversity. These regions, displaying quasispecies distribution bearing genetically close variants, were submitted to strong conservatory constraints. Mutations in the 5’ noncoding region trigger a decrease in its translation efficacy and influence the modulatory activity of the X region. Some NS3 functionally crucial amino acids were invariable, mutations were located at the protein surface. 5’ noncoding region quasispecies were flot associated to resistance to IFN-α Resistance to ribavirin or to the association of IFN-α and ribavirin was not associated to the selection of NS3 variants that were intrinsically resistant. The therapeutic failure of antisense oligonucleotide targeting IRES could not be explained by primary or secondary resistance. A significant genetic evolution showed that the antisense oligonucleotide could exert a selective pressure on the IRES
Vallet, Sophie. "Variabilité génétique de la protéase NS3 du virus de l'hépatite C." Brest, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005BRES3104.
Full textNS3 protease is essential for HCV replication, and is one of the most promising targets for anti-HCV therapy. In a first work, the genetic heterogeneity of the protease gene was analysed in 17 HCV gentype 1 pre-therapeutic samples distributed according to their subsequent response to standard combination therapy. Variability of both nucleotide and amino acid sequences was found. No association between the outcome of bitherapy and mutational pattern before treatment was found. A particular pattern including three deletions and one insertion in four clones of the quasispecies was found for one patient. In a second work, as there are different arguments for a putative role of the HCV NS3 protease in the carcinogenesis process, we searched for a genetic pattern of NS3 protease in relation with evolution from viral cirrhosis to HCC. No specific residues or motifs were detected as predictive of cirrhosis outcome in a case controle population of 10 cirrhotic patients
Halfon, Philippe. "Variabilité génétique du virus de l'hépatite C : implications cliniques, diagnostiques et thérapeutiaues." Aix-Marseille 2, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999AIX22043.
Full textFourel, Isabelle. "Étude des agents inhibiteurs de la réplication du virus de l'hépatite B : intérêt des modèles animaux de l'hépatite B humaine." Lyon 1, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990LYO1T012.
Full textMorel, Virginie. "Variabilité et recombinaison génétique du virus de l'hépatite C : implications virologiques et cliniques." Amiens, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010AMIED005.
Full textBouquet, Jérôme. "Génomique d'un virus zoonotique à ARN : le cas particulier du virus de l'hépatite E." Phd thesis, Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris VI, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00827778.
Full textRollier, Christine. "Etude, à l'aide du virus de l'hépatite B du canard, de l'immunisation génétique pour la prévention et le traitement de l'hépatite B." Lyon 1, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000LYO10086.
Full textBlanchet, Mathieu. "Etude des déterminismes de maturation et d’infectiosité des virus des hépatites B et Delta." Paris 7, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007PA077031.
Full textThe HBV envelope proteins bud spontaneously at the ER membrane, mainly as subviral empty particles. In rare cases, the HBV nucleocapsid is recruited, leading to the formation of virions. This peculiar budding process is to the benefit of HDV, a defective virus that needs the HBV envelope proteins to complete its life cycle. Three envelope proteins are encoded by the HBV genome. They differ from each other by the size of their N-terminal extension. The S-HBsAg protein is made of the S domain only, M-HBsAg is made of the S and pre-S2 domains, and L-HBsAg is made of the pre-S1, pre-S2, and S domains. S- and L-HBsAg are required for HBV maturation. S-HBsAg is sufficient for HDV maturation. The S domain contains four transmembrane domains, two cytosolic loops (CYL-I and -II), and a loop located in the ER lumen. The first part of our work consisted in the identification of HBV and HDV infectivity and maturation determinants in CYL-I and -II. Our results show the absence of maturation and infectivity determinants for HBV and HDV in CYL-I. CYL-II does not contain any amino-acid indispensable for viral entry. The second part of our work consisted in a study of the L-HBsAg pre-S domain, which harbours the main HBV infectivity determinant. The pre-S domain also contains the matrix domain for HBV maturation, whose role at viral entry could not be tested in the HBV model. We used the HDV model to study this region. Our results show that HDV infectivity determinants are confined to the first 75 N-terminal amino-acids of pre-S1, excluding any role of the matrix domain in the infection process. These results are in favour of common infectivity determinants for HBV and HDV
Jeantet, Damien. "Caractérisation moléculaire et biologique des virus de l'hépatite B cryptiques." Lyon 1, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002LYO10253.
Full textIskandar, Nouhad. "Contribution à l'étude épidémiologique du virus de l'hépatite delta." Paris 12, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990PA120062.
Full textCao, Qian. "Caractérisation moléculaire des carcinomes hépatocellulaires liés au virus de l'hépatite B." Thesis, Paris 5, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014PA05S010/document.
Full textHepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the most common primary liver tumors. Hepatic carcinogenesis is a complex and multifactorial process involving both genetic predisposition (e.g. SNPs) and environmental factors. Nearly 50% of HCC are caused by the hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection worldwide. During HBV infection, multiple genetic and viral alterations accumulate and promote tumor development. By analyzing resected HCC in France, we identified specific molecular features related to HBV infection. First, HBx inactivating mutations are selected in HCC tissues suggesting specific pressure of selection during hepatocarcinogenesis. Second, in patients with a low number of HBV DNA copies per liver cell, we identified additional risk factors like HCV infection, alcohol intake or NASH, suggesting a cooperative effect of these factors with HBV to induce the malignant transformation. Third, TP53 mutations associated with a poor prognostic for HBV infected resected HCC patients. At last, HBV-related tumors demonstrate more frequent progenitor phenotype compared to non-HBV HCC, with an up-regulation of genes that involved in cell cycle regulation and encoded onco-fetal/progenitor proteins. Four SNPs previously identified by genome-wide studies (GWAS) in Asian, have been validated in our European population. Allelic distributions seem to vary according to the etiologies of adjacent liver diseases. These findings underscore the complexity of the genetic predisposition of HCC; further study must consider the geographical origin of patients and associated risk factors
Amaddeo, Giuliana. "Altérations génomiques des carcinomes hépatocellulaires liées au virus de l'hépatite B." Thesis, Paris 5, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013PA05S012.
Full textPas de résumé en anglais
Introduzione: Il carcinoma epatocellulare (HCC) è il tumore primitivo più comune del fegato. Nel mondo, quasi il 50% di tutti gli HCC sono causati dal virus dell'epatite B (HBV). Durante le fasi dell’ infezione da HBV, si possono accumulare alterazioni genetiche e / o cromosomiche e quindi promuovere lo sviluppo del tumore. Obiettivi: a) analizzare in vitro e in vivo il ruolo potenziale di un nuovo gene potenzialmente coinvolto nella carcinogenesi epatica: IRF-2 (Interferon regulatory factor 2). Questo gene è stato identificato mediante l’analisi CGH-SNP come frequentemente deleto negli HCC correlati all’ HBV. b) caratterizzare una cohorte di HCC correlati all’HBV studiandone lo stato virale, le alterazioni genetiche e l’espressione di differenti geni al fine di comprendere meglio il ruolo di HBV nella carcinogenesis epatocellulare e confrontare questi parametri con una cohorte di HCC a diversa eziologia. Risultati: a) In laboratorio, Sandrine Imbeaud ha condotto un'analisi SNP-CGH microarray su una cohorte di 125 HCC che ha evidenziato una regione deleta in maniera omozigote localizzata sul braccio lungo del cromosoma 4 (4q34.3-35) in 4 campioni tumorali. La regione comprende un unico gene: IRF2. In altri due campioni sono state identificate mutazioni somatiche inattivatrici mediante sequenziamento della regione codante di IRF-2. In vitro, la soppressione di IRF-2 ha indotto un aumento della proliferazione cellulare, al contrario, la sua sovra-espressione ha causato un aumento dell’apoptosi cellulare. In vivo, la soppressione di IRF-2 è responsabile della formazione di tumori più grandi nei topi nude. I 6 tumori mutati per IRF2 sono tutti correlati all’ HBV (p = 0,0003. Nella cohorte di tumori studiati, le mutazioni di TP53 e di IRF-2 erano vicendevolmente esclusive. Inoltre, la soppressione dell’espressione della proteina IRF-2 induceva una riduzione dell’espressione della proteina p53 ed una stretta correlazione tra l’espressione delle due proteine è stata osservata (r2 = 0,72, p = 0,004). Inoltre, abbiamo dimostrato che il livello di espressione di IRF-2 è in grado di modulare l'espressione di alcuni geni target di TP53. Abbiamo, quindi, ipotizzato che IRF2 possa alterare la funzione di p53. Come è noto IRF2 può legarsi a MDM2, un regolatore negativo di p53 che induce la sua degradazione proteasomica. Il trattamento di cellule inattivate per IRF2 con MG132, un inibitore del proteasoma, induceva il restauro dell’espressione di p53. In vivo, il trattamento con bortezomib, chemioterapico inibitore del proteasoma, ha determinato la regressione del tumore inattivato per IRF2. b) 86 HCC correlati all’HBV sono stati caratterizzati dal punto di vista clinico e molecolare ed in seguito sono stati confrontati una serie di 90 HCC correlati ad altre eziologie. Gli HCC correlati all’HBV hanno delle caratteristiche cliniche e patologiche diverse da quelle degli HCC d’altra eziologia: insorgenza in pazienti più giovani (p <0,0001), di origine africana o asiatica (P <0.0001), alfa-fetoproteina sierica elevata (P = 0.008) e scarsa differenziazione istologica (P = 0,04). Mutazioni inattivatrici del gene HBX sono state identificate nel 71% dei tumori e il 33% dei tessuti non tumorali adiacenti (P <0.0001). Nel 63% dei casi, il numero di copie virali nel tessuto tumorale era inferiore rispetto al tessuto non tumorale adiacente (p <0,0001). Il gene TP53 è stato il gene più frequentemente mutato nella serie di HCC correlati a HBV (41%, p = 0,0002), con una considerevole presenza di mutazioni al codone 249 (R249S) (16%, p <0,0001). Questo tipo di mutazione è associate classicamente all’ aflatossina B1. Abbiamo osservato, inoltre, che TP53 mutato era un predittore indipendente di sopravvivenza solo per i pazienti infetti da HBV. Infine,
Cova, Lucyna. "Le virus de l'hépatite B du canard (DHBV) comme modèle pour l'étude de la réplication du virus de l'hépatite B humaine (VHB) et de son rôle dans l'oncogenèse hépatique." Lyon 1, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990LYO10001.
Full textAbou, Jaoude Georges. "Etude des protéines d'enveloppe du virus de l'hépatite B à l'étape d'entrée virale : utilisation du virus de l'hépatite Delta comme modèle expérimental." Paris 6, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006PA066331.
Full textGhibaudo, David. "Caractérisation du virus GBV-B : développement d'un nouveau modèle d'étude du virus de l'hépatite C." Paris 7, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004PA077081.
Full textBaginski, Isabelle. "Apport de l'amplification moléculaire à l'étude de la biologie du virus de l'hépatite B humaine (VHB)." Aix-Marseille 2, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991AIX22060.
Full textVuillermoz, Isabelle. "Étude génétique et fonctionnelle de la glycoprotéine E2 du virus de l'hépatite C : implication dans l'interaction de l'enveloppe virale avec les cellules et dans les phénomènes de résistance au traitement." Lyon 1, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004LYO10268.
Full textLegrand, Abravanel Florence. "Implications thérapeutiques de la variabilité génétique des génotypes 4 et 5 du virus de l'hépatite C." Toulouse 3, 2008. http://thesesups.ups-tlse.fr/194/.
Full textWe studied the genetic variability of hepatitis C virus (HCV) genotypes 4 and 5 and their sensitivity to interferon-based treatment. Their sensitivity to interferon was studied by controlling the major factors influencing the response. We demonstrated that genotype 4 should be considered as a difficult to treat genotype, whereas genotype 5 responds well to interferon. The variability of genotype 4 strains identified in 166 patients from South-Western France was assessed by sequencing several regions of the genome. Twelve subtypes were identified and 3 strains could not be subtyped. We have demonstrated that genotype 4 spreads within intravenous drug users in France. Lastly, we characterized a naturally occurring recombinant genotype 2/5 hepatitis C virus
Bouffard, Pascal. "Infection des cellules d'origine hématopoiétique par le virus de l'hépatite B humaine." Lyon 1, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991LYO1T064.
Full textLucifora, Julie. "Réplication du virus de l'hépatite B et réponse intracellulaire à l'infection virale." Lyon 1, 2008. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/docs/00/34/25/83/PDF/211-2008_-_Manuscrit_These_Julie_Lucifora.pdf.
Full textHBV is a major problem issue since the 400 million existing chronic carriers have greater risk to develop cirrhosis or hepatocellular carcinoma. Because of the lack of relevant and convenient in vitro HBV studying model, the aim was to improve the one that uses HBV recombinant baculoviruses to deliver HBV genome in hepatocytes. Relevance of this improved system was then demonstrated for phenotypic and resistant mutant fitness analysis. Finally, with the use of HBV recombinant baculovirus in HepaRG cells, an HBV-mediated effective IFN response within cells was highlighted. This constitutes new data in the study of virus/host cell interaction since HBV was considered as a “stealth” virus until now. Taken together, these results have important implications in the comprehension HBV persistence mechanisms and in the development of new cellular models of infection
Peltekian, Cécile. "Activité antivirale de la protéine MxA contre le virus de l'hépatite B." Paris 7, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004PA077139.
Full textPatient, Romuald. "Obtention de particules sous-virales d'enveloppe du virus de l'hépatite C." Thesis, Tours, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008TOUR3108.
Full textN/a
Lainé, Sébastien. "Identification et caractérisation de PAP22 : partenaire cellulaire de la protéine P22 du virus de l'hépatite B humaine." Versailles-St Quentin en Yvelines, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003VERS0040.
Full textThe HBV virus responsible for hepatitis B is still a worldwide health issue. Its ability to stay as an episome in infected cells is responsible for chronicity, which can lead to hepatocarcinoma and cirrhosis. We focused our research on the HBe antigen of HBV, which seems implicated in viral persistence. Hbe is a cleavage product of the p22 protein. We have show a specific interaction between P22 and 32kDa cellular protein we named PAP for protein associated to P22. Using an in vitro interaction assay based on over expressing recombinant P, we identified PAP22 as gClqR. Bibliographical data indicate roles of PAP22 in spicing, apoptosis and the immune response. We could demonstrate a rôle of the P22/gC1qR complex into the HBV pre-genome spicing, which, therefore, implies a control of the pro-apoptotic HBSP protein by P22/gC1qR. Moreove, we have shown thet gClqR regulates apoptosis in a p22-sensitive manner. Our data suggest a possible role of this complex in allowing viral persistence through a tight control of apoptosis. This work opens new avenues in studying HBe functions by demonstrating specific functions of P22 thet are independent from its precursor role
Le, Duff Yann. "Etude de déterminants d'entrée virale et de morphogenèse du virus de l'hépatite B." Paris 7, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010PA077232.
Full textThe budding mechanism of the Hepatitis B Virus (HBV) is entirely dépendent on its envelope proteins. These proteins form oligomers and spontaneously bud into the lumen of the endoplasmic réticulum (ER), mainly as empty subviral particles that are secreted in large quantities by infected cells. The envelope proteins occasionally recruit HBV nucleocapsids leading to the formation of complete virions also called Dane particles. Ribonucleoproteins of the Hepatitis Delta Virus (HDV) take advantage of this unusal budding mechanism: they bind to the envelope proteins and are secreted as HDV virions. There are three HBV envelope proteins: the small protein S-AgHBs, the medium protein M-AgHBs, and the large protein L-AgHBs. They share a common C-terminal domain but the size of their N-terminal domains differs. The S protein contains only the S domain, while the M and the L proteins consist respectively of the S and preS2 domains, and the S, preS2, and preSl domains. The S-AgHBs protein drives HBV and HDV budding. This integral protein is synthesized at the ER membrane. Its N-terminal region contains two transmembrane domains forming a first cytosolic loop and an antigenic loop (AGL) that is presented at the surface of the viruses. Its C-terminal domain is highly hydrophobic and predicted as a membrane domain. In addition two infectivity determinants have been identified on the preSl domain and the AGL. First our study aimed at characterizing the mechanism of action of the two infectivity determinants. Our results indicate that these determinants are functionaly independant at viral entry. The role of the AGL may require the intervention of many surface proteins while only a few domains of preSl are sufficient for infection. Finally, the mode of action of the preSl domain seems to be mediated by an allosteric cooperation of its sub-elements. The second part of our study aimed at specifying the topology of the C-terminal domain of the S-AgHBs protein in order to further characterize its role in HBV et HDV morphogenesis. This region most likely associates with cellular membranes through the 154-174 and 202-226 domains. The 202-226 residues are highly hydrophobic and may be implicated, together with the 71-102 region, in the surface proteins dimerization. The 154-174 region is presumably organized as an amphipathic helix, which is parallel to membranes. It may participate in cholesterol recruitment. Lastly, residues 193-204 may be exposed cytoplasm in agreement their role in HDV ribonucleoprotein recruitment
Bachelot, Etienne. "Production in vitro par les lymphocytes circulants d'anticorps spécifiques du virus de l'hépatite B." Montpellier 1, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990MON11212.
Full textMackiewicz, Vincent. "Variabilité génétique du virus de l'Hépatite A : conséquences sur le diagnostic, l'épidémiologie et la physiopathologie de l'infection." Paris 11, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008PA11T028.
Full textHallez, Camille. "Impact des facteurs de restriction sur la réplication du virus de l'hépatite B." Thesis, Paris 6, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017PA066390.
Full textHepatitis B Virus (HBV) infects 350 millions people worldwilde. It triggers accute hepatitis that can turn into cirrhosis then hepatocellular carcinoma. HBV genome is composed of a partially double-stranded DNA.Thus, it could be targeted by some cellular nucleases that hydrolyze double-stranded DNA. We have highlighted that Deoxyribunuclease I (DNase I) can be incorporated into HBV virions and degrade its genome, leading to a loss of viral infectivity. Moreover, DNase I is upregulated under hypoxia which is a caracteristic of liver cirrhosis. DNase I could be involved in HBV elimination in cirrhotic patients. In an other study, we found that APOBECDE, a cytidine deaminase of the same family than some restriction factors, has a proviral activity. Indeed, association of APOBEC3DE with APOBEC3F or APOBEC3G leads to a loss of cytidine deaminase activity and a better viral replication. When APOBEC3DE is associated with those two proteins, APOBEC3F and APOBEC3G cannot be incorporated into HBV virions. This is the reason why HBV is more infectious when APOBEC3DE is expressed
Costa-Mattioli, Mauro. "Le virus de l'hépatite A : de sa quantification, à l'analyse de sa variabilité génétique en vue d'une nouvelle classification phylogénétique." Nantes, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002NANT11VS.
Full textHepatitis A, is a significant cause of morbidity and socio-economic losses in many parts of the world. Genetic analysis of selected genome region of hep atitis A virus (HAV) suggested that distinct genotypes of HAV could be found in different geographic regions. In order to gain insight in to the genetic variability and mode of evolution of HAV during different epidemic outbreaks in Europe and South America, analysis of sequences data from the VP1-terminus, the VP1/2A and the complete VP1 region of HAV strain isolated in France, Kosovo, Uruguay, Chile and Argentina were performed. . . To explore further the genetic relationships between HAV viruses and to characterise the evolutionary mechanisms responsible for variation, sequences from the three major capsid proteins were subjected of detailed comparison. Phylogenetic profile and a maximum likelihood method provided evidence for the first time from a recombination event between two genotypes (VII and IB) of HAV in nature within the VPl coding region
Ancelin, Valérie. "Politique de santé publique vis-à-vis de l'hépatite B en France." Paris 5, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999PA05P008.
Full textTong, Shuping. "Molecular characterization of hepatitis B virus variants unable to express HBe protein." Lyon 1, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992LYO1T109.
Full textQu, Di. "Hétérogénéité des génotypes du VHC en France." Lyon 1, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995LYO1T212.
Full textTout, Issam. "Rôle du TLR9 et des lymphocytes B dans l'échappement du virus de l'hépatite B à l'immunité innée." Thesis, Lyon, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017LYSE1308/document.
Full textChronic HBV infection is a major health problem worldwide. Ineffective T cell and antibody responses have been demonstrated, yet the precise events that may contribute to insufficient B cell responses remain to be determined. Optimal B cell function, expansion and differentiation rely on Toll Like Receptor 9 (TLR9) activity which senses dsDNA and is expressed in human mainly by plasmacytoid dendritic ( pDC) and B cells. The impact of HBV on TLR9 in human B cell subsets remains to be explored.Here, we investigated the effects of HBV on TLR9 function in human B cells. Both primary and B cell lines were used to analyze the effect of HBV on TLR9 expression and function. These results were corroborated in a cohort of chronically infected HBV patients. TLR9 expression was reduced in all peripheral blood B cells subsets exposed to HBV. B cell function mediated by TLR9, such as proliferation and pro-inflammatory cytokines secretion were abrogated in the presence of HBV. Our results show that the viral surface antigen HBsAg inhibited the phosphorylation of the transcription factor CREB which could no longer bind the CRE site located on the TLR9 promoter. Finally, we corroborated our in vitro findings in a cohort of chronic HBV carriers (CHB) and found that TLR9 expression and function were significantly suppressed.Our findings reveal the mechanism that induces an immunosuppressive response by HBV on TLR9 function in human B cells, which may contribute to HBV persistence in the host
Mrani, Saad. "Caractérisation moléculaire des infections à VHB occultes au cours des hépatites C chroniques." Lyon 1, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007LYO10064.
Full textOccult Hepatitis B infection (HBV), defined by HBV DNA positivity in absence of HBsAg in the serum was found in 30% of hepatitis of unknown aetiology and frequently among HCV chronic carriers. In order to better understand how HBV escape to diagnosis tests and determine the consequences of this co-infection on HCV chronic infection, we analyzed by ultra sensitive molecular tests developed in the lab, serum samples from 203 HCV chronic carriers before any antiviral treatment. The results from this first study showed that occult HBV infection frequency could reach 20% in France and that occult HBV infection may worsen the course of HCV infection being associated to a bad response to antiviral therapy and aggravation of liver disease. In order to perform the molecular characterization of hepatitis B viruses in cases of occult HBV infections, the whole HBV genome was amplified by a new technique developed in the lab, named Rolling Cycle Amplification (RCA), cloned and sequenced in a HCV transplanted case. The analysis of the cloned sequences did not show the presence of any of the known mutations in the viral genome that may explain HBsAg negativity. Our results suggest, on one hand, the implication of other factors in the suppression of the HBV replication and altered expression of HBV, on the other hand, the importance of extra hepatic sites of HBV replication during occult HBV infections, since it was able to persist after liver transplantation. Our work emphasise the need to develop new diagnostic and therapeutic tools in the case of occult HBV infections especially during co-infection with HCV
Bekondi, Claudine. "Aspects cliniques et épidémiologiques des infections à virus de l'hépatite B en République Centrafricaine." Thesis, Nancy 1, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008NAN10129/document.
Full textHepatitis B virus (HBV) strains have been classified into eight genotypes A to H. Recent studies have shown that the HBV genotype E (HBV/E) predominates in a vast crescent spanning from Senegal to Angola. The Central African Republic (CAR) is an endemic country for HBV infection and prevalence of chronic infection in adults is estimated to be about 15.4%. A survey of 196 patients attending local hospital with symptoms of hepatitis has permitted to obtain 66 complete or partial sequences of HBV DNA. Phylogenetic analyses have shown that 62 strains belonged to Genotype E while one was of genotype A1, and three of genotype D. One strain presented a recombination between genotypes E and D. Genotype E is thus predominant in RCA as in most Sub-Saharan countries. The variability of strains is limited not only among CAR strains but when all strains isolated so far are compared (1.67 %), suggesting a recent introduction of HBV in the human species with a rapid expansion. A simian origin of the genotype E is possible considering the DNA sequence identities with chimpanzee HBV DNA. The second part of this study is a clinical and biological survey of 68 patients attending the “Hôpital de l’Amitié” of Bangui for a suspicion of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). All the patients (100 %) have been infected by HBV. Echography confirmed the suspicion of HCC in 43 patients and cytopathology ascertained the diagnosis for 14 patients for whom cytoponction was feasible. Hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) was present in 10 of these 43 patients, of whom 7 were co-infected with HDV. The average level of alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) was 10394 UI/mL. For the 25 other patients, HBsAg was detected in 21 of whom 11 were co-infected with HDV. Low level of AFP was observed (mean: 9UI/mL). This study shows that HBV related HCC is common in the country and that patients come to hospital late in the evolution of this disease. This study also confirms the association between HBV and HCC in CAR. HDV is associated with severe symptoms of hepatitis B. Serum and HCC lesions samples will be used to study variability of X gene and its relation with HCC
Gheit, Tarik. "Mise en place d'un nouveau modèle primate pour l'étude du VHB." Lyon 1, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004LYO10050.
Full textBoulestin, Anne. "Facteurs viraux et pharmacologiques impliqués dans la résistance du virus de l'hépatite C aux traitements antiviraux." Aix-Marseille 2, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006AIX20686.
Full textAlpha Interferon (IFN-α) combinated to ribavirin is the mainstay of the treatment of chronic hepatitis C. Since glycoprotein E2 and protein NS5A have been involved in resistance to treatment, we studied these two genes and failed to find a correlation between their sequence and treatment outcome. Genotype and viral load were shown to affect early response. Although pretherapeutic immune response appears to be decisive, an Il-2 based immunotherapy gave disappointing results. We also studied IFN-α pharmacokinetics. Suboptimal serum concentrations of IFN-α were associated with a poor early response to treatment in high weighted patients. A bioassay allows to compare serum concentrations of the two forms of pegylated IFN, as these two molecules are not equivalent in terms of antiviral potency. Pharmacological parameters play a role in response to treatment but study of patient immune response could give new insights
Gourion, Delphine. "Etude des différents vaccins recombinants dirigés contre l'hépatite B, disponibles en officine en 1996." Paris 5, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996PA05P099.
Full textFournier, Maëlenn. "Implication du gène core dans l'accumulation de l'ADN circulaire clos de façon covalente du virus de l'hépatite B." Thesis, Lyon 1, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014LYO10058/document.
Full textThe feature of hepatitis B virus is the synthesis of a covalently closed circular DNA (cccDNA) which is the persistence form of the virus in cell. cccDNA is maintained to 1 copy per human cell thanks to the recycling of capsids into the nucleus. Indeed, during the viral cycle, capsids are either transported into the nucleus to form cccDNA or enveloped and secreted to form new infectious virions. Because of its maintenance in the hepatocyte, cccDNA formation and regulation are still key elements of antiviral treatment. It has been shown that, in vitro, cccDNA accumulation was regulated by envelope proteins. Upon the study of cccDNA levels in liver biopsies of HIV-HBV co-infected patients, an individual with a cccDNA level 300 fold higher than the average of the cohort was identified. My thesis objective was to understand which is the mechanism leading to the cccDNA accumulation observed in vivo. This allowed us to highlight the role of core gene in cccDNA accumulation
Nousbaum, Jean-Baptiste. "Variabilité génétique du virus de l'hépatite C : implications dans la résistance au traitement anti-viral par l'interféron alpha." Brest, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001BRES3102.
Full textDesrames, Alexandra. "Etude de la structure de la petite protéine d'enveloppe du virus de l'hépatite B." Paris 7, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014PA077161.
Full textChronic infection with the hepatitis B virus (HBV) represents a major public health concern worldwide because an estimated 300 million individuals are affected. HBV is the prototype of the Hepadnaviridae family, a DNA virus with an envelope consisting of cell derived lipids associated to three types of transmembrane glycoproteins: S-, M- et L-HBsAg. S-HBsAg, the most abundant in the viral envelope, is the driving force of viral particle assembly, but it also bears in its ectodomain, an immunodominant determinant, referred to as the a-determinant, against which most of the neutralizing antibodies are directed. This antigenic determinant is also closely associated to an infectivity determinant responsible for interacting with cell surface heparan sulfate at the initial step of viral entry. As of today, we have little information on the structure of the antigenic loop (AGL) of the S-HBsAg protein that underlies the antigenic and function at viral entry. The aim of this thesis project was to gather information on the three dimensional organization of the AGL polypeptide, for a better understanding of its function at viral entry. The first step of the study was to identify the minimum subunit of the viral envelope, which bears the a-determinant. This was achieved using a panel of monoclonal antibodies that are specific for the a-determinant. We have shown most of the antibodies were: i) directed to conformational epitopes, ii) neutralizing, and iii) reactive with the dimeric forms of S-HBsAg. We concluded that most of a-determinant epitopes are conserved on the soluble dimeric forms of S-HBsAg. Furthermore, we demonstrate the presence in the HBV envelope, of two isomers of S- HBsAg dimers, which can be separated by SDS-PAGE and identified by isomer-specific antibodies. We propose that the two isomers correspond to two distinct networks of disulfide bonds between the numerous AGL cystein residues. In an effort to obtain pure and homogenous preparations of S-HBsAg dimers, as substrate for crystallization, we adopted several strategies: i) production of S-HBsAg by in vitro translation, ii) production in E. Coli, and iii) the purification of viral particles from transfected Huh-7 cell culture medium or from infectious plasmas. The purification of S-HBsAg dimers from cell culture-derived particles clearly appeared as the strategy of choice, in terms quality and yield, and flexibility of the approach in case of S- HBsAg mutants analysis
Veillon, Pascal. "Facteurs prédictifs de la réponse au traitement des hépatites chroniques C : étude de la cinétique de deux marqueurs viraux et variabilité du gène NS5A." Angers, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004ANGE0515.
Full textHepatitis C virus infects more than 200 million persons over the world, near 3 % of the world population. During the last decade treatment against HCV had numerous progresses and some predictive factors of response to treatment were described. Despite these progresses, patients infected with HCV genotype 1 have low virological response rate to antiviral treatment. We have studied different viral factors in prediction to response to treatment. We have studied the clearance of two viral markers (HCV RNA and HCV core antigen) under treatment. We have also analysed the genetic variability of NS5A protein before and during treatment, found more mutations in responders than in non-responders in the NS5A gene and a new insertion in the V3 region leading to a duplication of this region
Lambert, Véronique. "Le virus de l'hépatite B du canard : modèle expérimental pour l'étude de la biologie des infections par les hépadnavirus." Lyon 1, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992LYO1T255.
Full textSchorr, Olivier. "Régulation et inhibition de la formation de l'ADN superenroulé du virus de l'hépatite B du canard." Lyon 1, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002LYO10097.
Full textSamuel, Didier. "Mécanismes, prévention et traitement de la réinfection par le virus de l'hépatite B après transplantation hépatique." Paris 11, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994PA11T019.
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