Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Virus de l'immunodéfience humaine de type 1 (VIH-1)'
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Sappey, Christine. "Rôle des défenses antioxydantes dans l'activation du virus de l'immunodéfience humaine de type 1." Université Joseph Fourier (Grenoble), 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995GRE18005.
Full textBischerour, Julien. "Caractérisation structurale et fonctionnelle de l'intégrase du VIH-1." Paris 6, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002PA066039.
Full textTriboulet, Robinson. "Rôles des microRNA dans l'infection par le virus de l'immunodéficience humaine de type 1 (VIH-1)." Montpellier 1, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007MON1T036.
Full textAmmar, Farah. "Analyse des mécanismes d'inhibition de l'intégrase du virus de l'immunodéficience humaine de type 1." Paris 6, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013PA066327.
Full textRetroviral Integrase (IN) catalyzes integration of viral cDNA into the infected cell chromosome in a two-step reaction: the 3’processing (3’P) and the strand transfer (ST). The ST reaction is inhibited by diketoacids or isosteres as raltegravir (RAL) approved by FDA for use in anti-AIDS therapy or TB11 that acts also on the 3’P reaction. The comparative study of the two compoundsdemonstrate that TB11 similarly to RAL interacts with the free LTR ends, either processed or unprocessed, although with a much lower affinity compared with RAL. For each compound, we found a good agreement between the affinity values for processed LTR and the in vitro IC50 values reported for ST inhibition, suggesting a functional relationship between drug binding to DNA and ST inhibition. TB11, unlike RAL, binds to free IN and intercalates into DNA base pairs upon increase of drug concentration which could be at the basis of its high toxicity. The understanding of the inhibition mechanism of INwas pursued by the study of two monoclonal antibodies anti-K159 (147-175 peptide of HIV-1 IN), 4C6 and 4F4. The antibodies recognize epitopes lying in the N-terminal portion and in the C-terminal portion of K159. Results show that 1) both antibodies are able to recognize their epitopes in the entire IN; 2) IN uses common residues to interact with the viral DNA and the antibody and 3) antibodies recognize epitopes with very high affinity. Our results on ST inhibitors can be used for developmentof a new family of inhibitors interacting preferentially with viral DNA, thereby inducing less resistance mutations in IN, those on antibodies should help us in the search of inhibitors acting preferentially on 3’P
De, Vincenzi Isabelle. "Transmission hétérosexuelle du virus de l'immunodéficience humaine de type 1 (VIH-1) : une étude multicentrique européenne." Paris 11, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995PA11T004.
Full textBrégnard, Christelle. "Etude des mécanismes viraux et cellulaires qui régulent l’infection par le Virus de l’Immunodéficience Humaine de type 1." Thesis, Paris 5, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012PA05T025.
Full textPas de résumé en anglais
Henriet, Simon. "Fonctions de la protéine vif dans la réplication du virus de l'immunodéficience humaine de type 1 (VIH-1)." Université Louis Pasteur (Strasbourg) (1971-2008), 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006STR13104.
Full textBERETTA-HOUSSET, CHANTAL. "Lesions hepato-biliaires associees a l'infection par le virus de l'immunodeficience humaine de type 1 (vih-1). Tropisme cellulaire hepatique du vih-1." Paris 7, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993PA077124.
Full textLAGODA, CHRISTOPH. "Aspects epidemiologiques de l'infection par le virus de l'immunodeficience humaine type 1 (vih 1) au chru de besancon." Besançon, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992BESA3039.
Full textSobesky, Milko. "Epidémiologie de l'infection par le virus de l'immunodéficience humaine de type 1 en Guyane française." Rennes 1, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998REN1B028.
Full textVanhems, Philippe. "L'infection par le virus de l'immunodéficience humaine de type 1 : pronostic et qualité de vie." Nancy 1, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998NAN11023.
Full textBurrer, Renaud. "Etude du mécanisme d'action des anticorps neutralisant les isolants primaires du virus de l'immunodéficience humaine de type 1 (VIH-1)." Université Louis Pasteur (Strasbourg) (1971-2008), 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002STR13125.
Full textHIV vaccination trials have not resulted in the induction of neutralizing antibodies (nAb) that were effective against primary isolates (PI) of the virus, while such nAbs have been detected in a little fraction of sera from infected patients. The aim of my research project was to characterize nAb in such samples and to study their mechanism of action, as the acquisition of this fundamental knowledge could be useful to design immunogens that may induce a neutralizing humoral response. The neutralizing activity of sera and plasmas of 32 infected patients was measured against four PI. The purification of immunoglobulins showed that most of the activities were mediated by IgG, and these Ig were purified for the study of the mechanisms of neutralization. The attachment of PI to PBMC was not inhibited by nAb, although their fixation to the virus that was already associated to the cells did not result in an efficient blocking of its replication. NAb-PI complexes, formed in absence of PBMC and purified, had lost most of their infectivity, suggesting that epitopes that are targeted by nAb are accessible on the free viral particles. The blocking of the gp120-binding site on CD4 or the shedding of the majority of the gp120 associated to the virus resulted in the inhibition of viral replication but did not impair the attachment of PI to PBMC. This early event is thus mediated by alternative receptors on the cell surface, and may also imply structures other than the gp120 on the virus surface. Indeed, heparan sulfate were shown to be partly responsible for the attachment of PI to PBMC. The study of the binding of IgG to PI particles showed that there is no correlation between binding and neutralization. Moreover, our results suggest that a large part of the binding of polyclonal IgG to viral particles may occur through epitopes that are exposed after the dissociation of the gp120
Roquebert-Jaubert, Bénédicte. "Interactions entre les mutations de résistance du Virus de l'Immunodéficience Humaine de type 1 (VIH-1) aux antirétroviraux." Paris 6, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008PA066365.
Full textLebigot, Sarah. "Etude antigénique et fonctionnelle des glycoprotéines d'enveloppe d'isolats primaires du virus de l'immunodéficience humaine de type I." Tours, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002TOUR3307.
Full textVanhems, Philippe. "La primo-infection par le virus de l'immunodéficience humaine de type 1 (VIH-1), étude descriptive et pronostique." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1998. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/tape17/PQDD_0005/NQ33100.pdf.
Full textForget, Janique. "Étude du mécanisme de transactivation de la protéine Vpr du virus d'immunodéficience humaine de type 1 (VIH-1)." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1997. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape11/PQDD_0001/NQ39773.pdf.
Full textRamdani, Abdelhafid. "Interactions entre sucres et lectines dans l'infection par le virus de l'immunodéficience humaine de type-1." Paris 13, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994PA132008.
Full textDiou, Juliette. "Influence des pigments malariques sur l'infection et la dissémination du virus de l'immunodéficience humaine de type 1 (VIH-1)." Thesis, Université Laval, 2009. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2009/26069/26069.pdf.
Full textSignoret, Nathalie. "Etude des mécanismes d'entrée du virus de l'immunodéficience humaine de type 1 (VIH-1) dans les cellules permissives CD4+." Aix-Marseille 2, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996AIX22062.
Full textVartanian, Jean-Pierre. "Variabilite du virus de l'immunodeficience humaine de type 1 (vih-1) : de la diversite des isolats aux mecanismes moleculaires." Paris 7, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992PA077202.
Full textTruong, Catherine. "Capacité d'autoassemblage et immunogénicité de protéines chimères core-enveloppe dérivées du virus de l'immunodéficience humaine de type 1." Tours, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996TOUR3801.
Full textDamier, Laurence. "Etude de la régulation de l'épissage du transcrit primaire du virus de l'immunodéficience humaine de type 1, HIV-1." Nancy 1, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997NAN10258.
Full textLaverdure, Sylvain. "Régulation de la transcription bidirectionnelle chez le Virus de l'Immunodéficience Humaine de type 1." Thesis, Montpellier 1, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012MON13514/document.
Full textGenome of retroviruses exists in two different forms: as single-stranded RNA that is translated or packaged, or as double-stranded DNA integrated into the genome of the infected host cell. The latter form, the proviral DNA, is essential for the production of all viral mRNAs required for the synthesis of viral proteins, which in turn act on the promoter region located at the 5 '-LTR. However, the proviral DNA has a second LTR at its 3 '-end, capable of regulating antisense transcription oriented in the opposite direction to that controlled by the 5'-LTR. The proviral DNA has then two coding strands, which gives the virus a greater potential for protein synthesis. In the case of the Human Immunodeficiency Virus type 1 (HIV-1), antisense transcription allows the production of a protein called ASP (Antisense Protein). In this manuscript, we demonstrate that this antisense transcriptional activity is preferentially expressed in cells of the monocyte lineage, in particular dendritic cells; a membrane localization of the ASP protein was also observed in this cell type. Our results also suggest that the antisense transcription of HIV-1 is Tat-independent, and what's more that the two types of transcription are not expressed simultaneously within the same cell. In addition, our data highlight that the ASP protein coding sequence is highly conserved among different viral isolates. Based on these results, our hypothesis is that the ASP protein of HIV-1 has critical functions in the replicative cycle of retroviruses, distinct from viral production
Maiga, Almoustapha Issiaka. "Caractérisation des bases moléculaires de la résistance des virus de l'immunodéficience humaine de type 1 ( VIH-1) de sous-type non-B aux antirétroviraux." Paris 6, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010PA066304.
Full textBeniguel, Lydie. "Etude et modélisation de la production d'anticorps anti-VIH chez des personnes infectées par le virus de l'immunodéficience humaine de type 1." Saint-Etienne, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003STET005T.
Full textBenkirane, Monsef. "Rôle de la molécule CD4 dans le cycle de réplication du virus de l'immunodéficience humaine de type 1 "VIH-1"." Aix-Marseille 2, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994AIX22076.
Full textNzounza, Patrycja. "Rôle de Dlg 1 dans le cycle de réplication et la transmission du VIH-1." Paris 7, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011PA077154.
Full textThe spread of HIV-1 in an infected organism largely depends on proper virus assembly and budding for the efficient formation of infectious particles. To achieve this goal, the virus hijacks numerous cellular proteins that are generally partners of the virus structural proteins. HIV-1 can disseminate both by diffusion of cell-free particles and by direct transmission in cell contacts named virological synapses (VS}. The VS has been described as the most efficient and predominant means of HIV-1 spread in vitro. We have previously identified Dlgl -human homologue of Drosophila Discs Large protein- as a new partner of HIV-1 Gag. Here we studied the role of Dlgl in the two modes of transmission in natural host cells of HIV-1: primary CD4+ T cells and Dlgl-expressing or Dlgl-depleted Jurkat T cell lines. We provide evidence that HIV-1 multiplication was increased in Dlgl-depleted T cells. This increase did not result from higher virus yield, since a major increase in particle production upon Dlgl depletion was not observed. Higher multiplication resulted mainly from improved cell-free virus transmission: a fourfold enhancement of infectivity was observed in particles produced by Dlgl-depleted T cells. Moreover, this infectivity enhancement seemed to correlate with an increase of the virions cholesterol content. Conversely, quantitative cell-to-cell transfer analyses showed that Dlgl did not affect cell-to-cell virus transmission; its depletion did not modify "passive" transfer of HIV-1 material from cell-to-cell, or HIV-' transmission leading to productive infection via cell contacts. Immmunolabelling and confocal microscopy showed that Dlgl did not impair HIV-1-induced virological synapse formation. Collectively, these results demonstrate that Dlgl negatively regulates HIV-1 cell-free virus transmission whereas cell-to-cell spread of the virus circumvents this regulation
Sinck, Lucile. "La dimérisation de l'ARN génomique du virus de l'immunodéficience humaine de type 1 (HIV-1) : rôle dans l'encapsidation sélective et l'épissage." Strasbourg, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010STRA6122.
Full textThe conservation of the genome dimeric nature among retroviruses underlies the importance of RNA dimerization for virus replication. Noticeably, dimerization and packaging domains, located at the 5’ end of the HIV-1 gRNA, are superposed and mutations affecting dimerization reduce gRNA packaging efficiency, suggesting that dimerization could be involved in the process of viral genome selection. However, the dimerization initiation site (DIS) is present in all viral RNA species (spliced and genomic) and could thus favored spliced RNA packaging in the form of heterodimers with the gRNA. By analyzing viral RNA dimerization in vitro, we have shown that spliced RNAs are able to form homodimers and to heterodimerize with the gRNA through the DIS. But, conversely to the gRNA, although the spliced RNA DIS is fully functional in vitro, it does not promote their packaging and they are largely excluded from viral particles. Thus, the virus must have developed specific mechanisms to preferentially select the gRNA. Moreover, the proximity between the DIS and the SD site suggests that RNA dimerization could affect the fate of HIV-1 RNAs by modulating splicing and packaging. We have shown that the DIS and/or RNA dimerization itself could limit splicing efficiency, thus favoring the production of gRNA prone to be packaged. Altogether, our results show that the DIS or RNA dimerization could influence the fate of HIV-1 gRNA by regulating viral RNA splicing and its selection to allow optimal production of infectious virions
Bourara, Khaoula. "Mise en évidence d'un processus d'édition des ARNm rétroviraux au cours de l'expression du virus de l'immunodéficience humaine de type 1." Bordeaux 2, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000BOR28751.
Full textBreton, Yann. "Identification de facteurs de régulation du VIH-1 chez les macrophages humains." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/27342.
Full textUpon exposure to HIV-1, only a small proportion of macrophages are infected whereas most remain uninfected. It is proposed that these cells play an important role in the establishment and propagation of HIV-1 infection. To further our knowledge in this field, transcriptomic and proteomic comparative analyses of uninfected and HIV-1-infected MDMs (Monocyte-derived macrophages) were performed. These analyses led to the selection of 50 genes that were tested for their functional roles in HIV-1 replication by siRNA screen. Eight genes were identified as regulators of HIV-1 infection in MDMs, but only MDM2 acted as a susceptibility factor. The knockdown of MDM2 decreased HIV-1 expression by two folds. Our results indicate that the resistance to HIV-1 upon MDM2 silencing is maintained in MDMs even if MDM2 mRNA level is restored, thus suggesting that this protein might be indirectly involved in HIV-1 infection. Identification of viral cofactors regulated by MDM2 will bring a new understanding of signaling events controlling HIV-1 replication in macrophages.
Cervantes, Acosta Guillermo. "Étude de facteurs cellulaires et viraux influençant le site d'assemblage et l'infectivité du virus d'immunodéficience humaine type 1 (VIH-1)." [Montréal] : Université de Montréal, 2001. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/umontreal/fullcit?pNQ71113.
Full text"NQ-71113." La page 75 est manquante. "Thèse présentée à la faculté des études supérieures en vue de l'obtention du grade de philosophiae doctor (Ph. D.) en virologie et immunologie." Version électronique également disponible sur Internet.
PEDROZA, MARTINS DE ALMEIDA LIVIA. "Variation genetique du virus de l'immunodeficience humaine de type 1 (vih-1) in vivo : analyse des sequences rev et env." Paris 7, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992PA077268.
Full textBrengel-Pesce, Carine. "Virus de l'immunodéficience humaine de type 1 (VIH-1) et atteinte du système nerveux central : analyse génétique et biologique de variants viraux dérivés de patients atteints d'encéphalite à VIH-1." Université Joseph Fourier (Grenoble), 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997GRE10048.
Full textHuard, de Verneuil Anne. "Etude fonctionnelle des glycoprotéines d'enveloppe du réservoir VIH-1." Thesis, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018USPCC260.
Full textGenetically intact but functionally impaired HIV-1 Env glycoproteins in the T-cell reservoir.HIV-infected subjects under ART harbor a persistent viral reservoir in resting CD4+ T-cells, which accounts for the resurgence of HIV-1 replication after ART interruption. A large majority of HIV reservoir genomes are genetically defective, but even among intact proviruses, few seem able to generate infectious virus. To understand this phenomenon, we have examined the function and expression of HIV envelope glycoproteins reactivated from the reservoir of HIV-infected subjects under suppressive ART. We studied full-length genetically intact env sequences from both replicative viruses and cell-associated mRNAs. We found that these Env proteins varied extensively in fusogenicity and infectivity, with strongest functional defects found in Envs from cell-associated mRNAs. Env functional impairements were essentially explained by defects in Env protein expression. Our results support the idea that defects in HIV Env expression, preventing cytopathic or immune HIV clearance, contribute to the persistence of the HIV T-cell reservoir in vivo. In most individuals, evolution of HIV infection is efficiently controlled on the long-term by combination antiviral therapies. These treatments, however, fail to eradicate HIV from the infected subjects, a failure that results both in resurgence of virus replication and in resumption of HIV pathogenicity when the treatment is stopped. HIV resurgence, in these instances, is widely assumed to emerge from a reservoir of silent virus integrated in the genome of a small number of T lymphocytes. The silent HIV reservoir is mostly composed of heavily deleted or mutated HIV DNA. Moreover, among the seemingly intact remaining HIV, only very few are actually able to efficiently propagate in tissue culture. In this study, we find that intact HIV in the reservoir often carry strong defects in their capacity to promote fusion to neighboring cells and infection of target cells, a defect related to the function and expression of the HIV envelope glycoprotein. Impaired envelope glycoprotein expression and function could explain why cells harboring these viruses tend to remain undetected and unharmed in the reservoir
Zazopoulos, Emmanuel. "Étude de la structure et de la fonction de la protéine Nef du virus d'immunodéficience humaine de type 1." Lyon 1, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993LYO1T078.
Full textPerugi, Fabien. "HDLG, un médiateur cellulaire de l'assemblage des rétrovirus VIH-1 et HTLV-1." Paris 7, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008PA077020.
Full textUnderstanding the various steps leading to the production of viral particles is, nowadays, a major axis of research in retrovirology. In order to find a cellular protein able to link Gag and envelope (Env) precursors of HTLV-1, we performed a two hybrid screen. First of ail, our team identified hDIg as a cellular partner of the cytoplasmic tail of the HTLV-1 envelope glycoproteins. Our study demonstrated that this interaction is needed for the late steps of membrane fusion during cell to cell transmission of HTLV-1. We also evidenced an interaction between Gag and hDIg in Env-enriched areas of the plasma membrane which suggests that hDIg could be a linker for Gag and Env precursors assembly. Based on these findings and the strong homologies of structure and functions between the domains of Gag precursors of different retroviruses, we focused our study on the role of hDIg in the viral cycle of HIV-1. In this case, hDIg seems to be a protein that negatively regulates the infectivity of HIV-1 particles, by retaining Gag proteins at the plasma membrane. We suggest that hDIg could prevent Gag precursors from reaching a trafficking pathway by optimizing the incorporation of Env into virions. Thus, hDIg would be the first restriction factor of the late steps of the HIV-1 lifecycle
Jossinet, Fabrice. "Etude de la dimérisation de l'ARN génomique du virus de l'immunodéficience humaine de type 1 (HIV-1) : comparaison avec les virus HIV-2 et SIVsm." Université Louis Pasteur (Strasbourg) (1971-2008), 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001STR13160.
Full textTremblay, Myriam, and Myriam Tremblay. "Caractérisation de l'expression des isoformes du DCIR dans l'infection par le VIH-1." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/37545.
Full textLe DCIR, une lectine de type C, a été identifié comme un facteur facilitant le transfert des virus des cellules dendritiques vers les lymphocytes TCD4 lors de l’infection au VIH-1. Cinq isoformes différentes du DCIR existent. L’expression de certaines isoformes peut être modulée de façon indépendante dans certaines pathologies. L’hypothèse qui a été posée est que les isoformes du DCIR sont modulées au cours de l’infection au VIH-1 et qu’il est possible de générer des cellules déficientes en DCIR par la technique de CRISPR/Cas9. Les objectifs étaient de développer une PCR quantitative spécifique pour chaque isoforme du DCIR, de quantifier l’expression des isoformes du DCIR dans des cellules immunitaires de patients infectés par le VIH-1, de déterminer s’il existe des corrélations entre le patron d’expression de chaque isoforme et les données cliniques des patients VIH-1 et, finalement, de développer un outil CRISPR/Cas9 permettant le knock-out du gène du DCIR dans des cellules souches hématopoïétiques. Les résultats montrent que l’expression des isoformes 1 à 4 n’est pas modulée par l’infection au VIH-1. Cependant, une corrélation existe entre le ratio CD4/CD8 des patients traités et l’expression de l’isoforme 1 du DCIR dans les cellules polynucléées. De plus, dans les cellules mononucléées sanguines périphériques, les isoformes 1 et 3 du DCIR sont les plus exprimées et, dans les cellules sanguines polynucléées, l’isoforme 1 du DCIR est la plus exprimée. Finalement, un outil CRISPR/Cas9, permettant d’inactiver le gène du DCIR dans des cellules souches hématopoïétiques par infection lentivirale, a été développé. Ces données permettront de mieux caractériser les rôles des isoformes du DCIR, contribuant ainsi au développement de stratégies thérapeutiques ciblant cette lectine.
The C type lectin DCIR was identified as viral transfer factor from dendritic cells to CD4 T cells during HIV-1 infection. There are five known isoforms of the DCIR protein. The expression of some of these isoforms can be modulated independently in some pathologies. The hypothesis of this project is that DCIR isoforms can be modulated during HIV-1 infection and that it is possible to generate DCIR deficient cells with CRISPR/Cas9 technology. Our objectives were: to develop a specific quantitative PCR for each isoforms of DCIR; to quantify the expression of DCIR isoforms in immune cells of HIV-1 infected patients; to determine if there are correlations between the expression pattern of each isoform and the patients’ clinical data and; to develop a CRISPR/Cas9 tool allowing the knock out of the DCIR gene in hematopoietic stem cells. The results show that the expression of DCIR isoforms 1 to 4 is not modulated by HIV-1 infection. However, a positive correlation exists between the CD4/CD8 T cell ratio of treated HIV-1 patients and the expression of DCIR isoform 1 in polymorphonuclear cells. Furthermore, the DCIR isoforms 1 and 3 are the most expressed isoforms in the patients’ peripheral blood mononuclear cells, while the DCIR isoform 1 is the most expressed isoform in the patients’ polymorphonuclear cells. Finally, our CRISPR/Cas9 tool, allowing the inactivation of the DCIR gene in hematopoietic stem cells by lentiviral infection, has been developed. These results will allow us to better characterize the roles of DCIR isoforms, contributing so to the development of therapeutic strategies targeting this lectin.
The C type lectin DCIR was identified as viral transfer factor from dendritic cells to CD4 T cells during HIV-1 infection. There are five known isoforms of the DCIR protein. The expression of some of these isoforms can be modulated independently in some pathologies. The hypothesis of this project is that DCIR isoforms can be modulated during HIV-1 infection and that it is possible to generate DCIR deficient cells with CRISPR/Cas9 technology. Our objectives were: to develop a specific quantitative PCR for each isoforms of DCIR; to quantify the expression of DCIR isoforms in immune cells of HIV-1 infected patients; to determine if there are correlations between the expression pattern of each isoform and the patients’ clinical data and; to develop a CRISPR/Cas9 tool allowing the knock out of the DCIR gene in hematopoietic stem cells. The results show that the expression of DCIR isoforms 1 to 4 is not modulated by HIV-1 infection. However, a positive correlation exists between the CD4/CD8 T cell ratio of treated HIV-1 patients and the expression of DCIR isoform 1 in polymorphonuclear cells. Furthermore, the DCIR isoforms 1 and 3 are the most expressed isoforms in the patients’ peripheral blood mononuclear cells, while the DCIR isoform 1 is the most expressed isoform in the patients’ polymorphonuclear cells. Finally, our CRISPR/Cas9 tool, allowing the inactivation of the DCIR gene in hematopoietic stem cells by lentiviral infection, has been developed. These results will allow us to better characterize the roles of DCIR isoforms, contributing so to the development of therapeutic strategies targeting this lectin.
Desrosiers, Vincent. "Nouvelle avenue thérapeutique pour traiter une infection par le VIH-1." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/31388.
Full textMacrophages plays an important role in HIV-1 infection. These cells are suspected to act as a viral reservoir preventing complete virus eradication in infected individuals. Following a transcriptomic study, fifty genes were selected based upon their differential expression between non-infected, infected and bystander populations. One of those genes, coding for Gamma-Glutamyl Hydrolase (GGH), an enzyme involved in folate metabolism, was upregulated rapidly after HIV-1 infection before returning to a basal state. We propose that in monocyte-derived macrophages (MDM), a low folate concentration may play a protective role by limiting nucleotide availability for HIV-1 during the process of infection. We have developed an experimental model based on MDM identification productively infected with a R5 tropism HIV-1 molecular clone expressing all viral genes and a small membrane murine protein (Heat Stable Antigen; HSA). This virus was used to infect MDM transfected with small interfering RNAs (siRNA) or exposed to chemical inhibitors. The purpose of those experiments was to assess the effect of genetic downregulation of important folate proteins during HIV-1 infection. Between 3 and 18 days post-infection, percentage of productively infected cells was evaluated with flow cytometry or ELISA targeting the viral capsid protein p24. Downregulation of important enzymes involved in intracellular folate retention (e.g. GGH, FPGS and MTHFR) increased the number of cells productively infected with HIV-1. Also, Raltitrexed (RTX), a specific inhibitor of Tymidylate Synthase (TYMS), was able to inhibit viral replication when used before infection. Those results show that an interplay between HIV-1 and folate cycle may play a decisive role in MDM susceptibility to virus infection.
Didierjean, J. "Étude d'une nouvelle classe d'inhibiteurs de la rétrotranscriptase et de l'intégrase du virus de l'immunodéficience humaine de type-1 (VIH-1)." Phd thesis, Université Louis Pasteur - Strasbourg I, 2005. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00128127.
Full textDans le cadre du développement de nouveaux inhibiteurs de la RT, nous nous sommes intéressés aux 3,7-dihydroxytropolones (3,7-DHT), qui inhibent l'inositol monophosphatase humaine par chélation de deux ions Mg2+ catalytiques distants de 3,7Å. Or les sites catalytiques polymérase et RNase H de la RT contiennent respectivement deux ions Mg2+ distants de 3,57 et 4Å. En outre, l'IN du VIH-1 possède une plate-forme catalytique proche de celle du site RNase H. Nous avons ainsi entrepris d'étudier l'effet des 3,7-DHT sur les activités de la RT et de l'IN du VIH-1.
Nous avons observé une inhibition spécifique de l'une ou l'autre activité de la RT par certaines 3,7-DHT. Des études enzymatiques ont ensuite montré que l'inhibition de l'activité ADN polymérase est non-compétitive vis-à-vis des nucléotides, à l'instar des NNRTIs. Néanmoins, l'étude de RT résistante ou dépourvue du site de fixation des NNRTIs permet d'exclure un mode d'action identique à cette classe d'inhibiteurs. Des expériences de gel-filtration, permettant de suivre l'état d'oligomérisation de la forme active de la RT, hétérodimérique, montrent que les 3,7-DHT ne sont pas capables de la dissocier. L'inhibition des activités de la RT par liaison des 3,7-DHT aux acides nucléiques a été écartée, entre autres, par des expériences de fluorescence. Enfin nous avons montré que les 3,7-DHT n'inhibent pas la polymérisation lors de l'étape de translocation.
En revanche, une forte baisse de l'inhibition de la synthèse d'ADN a été mise en évidence lorsque la concentration en Mg2+ diminue, ce qui suggère que les 3,7-DHT ne lient le site actif polymérase qu'en présence des ions Mg2+. L'implication des cations catalytiques dans les mécanismes d'inhibition par les 3,7-DHT a également été étayée par l'observation d'une inhibition des activités de « processing » et de transfert de l'IN, dépendante du cation utilisé.
Malheureusement, des cultures cellulaires en présence de 3,7-DHT ont révélé une cytotoxicité importante. Ce résultat était partiellement prévisible, compte tenu de l'existence de nombreuses enzymes bimétalliques cellulaires et de l'utilisation de 3,7-DHT de première génération. Dans l'objectif d'améliorer ces composés, sur la base de leur relation structure/activité, nous avions également pour projet d'obtenir la structure cristallographique d'un complexe ternaire RT/(matrice/amorce)/dNTP, en présence d'une 3,7-DHT. Des cristaux de différents complexes ont été obtenus, mais n'ont pas permis d'obtenir de clichés de diffraction aux rayons X et restent par conséquent à améliorer.
Nous avons également étudié l'influence de la concentration en Mg2+ libre sur les activités catalytiques de la RT du VIH-1.
En résumé, les résultats obtenus au cours de mon travail de thèse permettent d'élaborer les prémices d'une stratégie de conception « rationalisée » d'inhibiteurs de la RT et de l'IN, dans l'objectif d'obtenir des composés plus spécifiques et plus affins de l'un ou l'autre site catalytique.
Fromentin, Rémi. "Interactions entre le virus de l'immunodéficience humaine de type 1 (VIH-1) et les hépatocytes : impact possible sur la pathogénèse virale?" Thesis, Université Laval, 2010. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2010/27482/27482.pdf.
Full textLévesque, Karine. "Rôle de la protéine virale Vpu dans le cycle de multiplication du virus de l'immunodéficience humaine de type 1 (VIH-1) /." [Montréal] : Université de Montréal, 2003. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/umontreal/fullcit?pNQ91918.
Full text"Thèse présentée à la Faculté des études supérieures en vue de l'obtention du grade de Ph.D. en microbiologie et immunologie" Version électronique également disponible sur Internet.
NARWA, REMY. "Caracterisation phenotypique et moleculaire d'isolats du virus de l'immunodeficience humaine de type 1 (vih-1) associes a la transmission materno-ftale." Paris 7, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997PA077145.
Full textBoula, de Mareüil Jean. "Variabilité du virus de l'immunodéficience humaine de type 1 (VIH-1) : déterminants génétiques viraux impliqués dans sa cytopathogénicité et son tropisme." Aix-Marseille 2, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994AIX22033.
Full textEnnifar, Eric. "Structures cristallographiques du site d'initiation de la dimérisation de l'ARN génomique du virus de l'immunodéficience humaine de type 1." Université Louis Pasteur (Strasbourg) (1971-2008), 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001STR13163.
Full textBordier, Bruno Bernard Pierre. "Initiation de la transcription inverse du virus de l'immunodéficience humaine type 1 : effet in vitro d'oligonucléotides régulateurs de type Leurre et de type Antisens." Bordeaux 2, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993BOR28246.
Full textTruong, Thi Xuan Lien. "Recherche d'éléments déterminants de l'infection par le VIH-1 au Vietnam." Tours, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002TOUR3314.
Full textBeaumont, Elodie. "Étude de l'émergence in vivo d'un variant de virus de l'immunodéficience humaine de type 1 portant des glycoprotéines d'enveloppe naturellement tronquées dans leur domaine cytoplasmique." Thesis, Tours, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009TOUR3126/document.
Full textThe human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) typically encodes envelope glycoprotein transmembrane subunits with long cytoplasmic tails (CTs) involved in viral infectivity and morphogenesis. The integrity of the gp41 CT thus seems to be essential for viral replication in vitro and in vivo. However, we report here the emergence and dominance in vivo of a primary HIV-1 variant carrying a natural 20-amino-acid truncation of the gp41 CT. Such a deletion would therefore be expected to impair viral replication. The aims of this study were thus to assess the functional consequences of the gp41 truncation and to identify the molecular mechanisms by which a primary HIV-1 harboring such a deletion in the gp41 CT maintained its ability to replicate efficiently in vivo. Our findings reveal that replication capacity of a primary HIV-1 carrying truncated CT could be rescued by compensatory mechanisms involving mutations in the matrix protein. In conclusion, our findings provide new insignt into HIV-1 assembly and evolution potential in vivo
du, Chéné Isaure. "Implication des complexes de remodelage de la chromatine dans la régulation de l'expression du VIH-1." Montpellier 2, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006MON20132.
Full textLambelé, Marie. "Etude du trafic intracellulaire des glycoprotéines d'enveloppe d'isolats primaires du virus de l'immunodéficience humaine de type 1 et de son impact sur l'assemblage viral." Tours, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007TOUR3801.
Full textThe envelope glycoprotein (Env. ) of HIV-1 is characterized by an important polymorphism that can affect motifs involved in the regulation of the intracellular trafficking. Her, we investigated four envelope genes with natural polymorphism within these motifs. We showed that this polymorphism might influence the intracellular distribution of Env. This modification affects viral assembly by diminution of Env incorporation into virions and, thus, viral replication capacity. Furthermore, it seems that additional determinants regulate intacellular trafficking of primary Env. This traffic's modification could in part contribute to viral evade from immune system. These work bring new insight in the understanding of viral life and its capacity to insure optimal propagation in vivo