Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Virus de la bronchite infectieuse'
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Bouzouaia, Moncef. "Les Variants du virus de la bronchite infectieuse aviaire en Tunisie incidence, typage." Grenoble 2 : ANRT, 1986. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb375963997.
Full textDucatez, Mariette. "Comparaison moléculaire des virus de l'influenza aviaire, de la bronchite infectieuse et de l'anémie du poulet en Chine et au Nigeria : l'épidémiologie moléculaire, un atout dans la compréhension de l'évolution des virus aviaires à l'échelle mondiale." Nancy 1, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006NAN11315.
Full textBonnefoy, Laurence. "Etude de la souche PL84084 du coronavirus de la bronchite infectieuse du poulet à l'aide d'anticorps monoclonaux : caractérisation antigénique du virus : pathogénie de la maladie." Lyon 1, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992LYO10064.
Full textMauboussin, Jean-Marc. "Bronchite lymphocytaire des sujets infectés par le V. I. H : étude chez 120 patients." Montpellier 1, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990MON11186.
Full textCorrand, Léni Guérin Jean-Luc. "Évaluation de l'efficacité de souches vaccinales contre un variant de la bronchite infectieuse aviaire isolé au Québec." [S.l.] : [s.n.], 2008. http://oatao.univ-toulouse.fr/2829/1/picco_2829.pdf.
Full textLortal, Corinne. "Mononucléose infectieuse : à propos d'un cas mortel." Montpellier 1, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997MON11057.
Full textSCHOCKMEL, PASCALE. "Diagnostic serologique de la mononucleose infectieuse a virus epstein-barr." Strasbourg 1, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987STR10676.
Full textPERRIN, PIERRE-YVES. "La rhinotracheite bovine infectieuse : incidence serologique dans l'est de la france." Nancy 1, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993NAN1P074.
Full textChevalier, Christophe. "Etude de la morphogenèse du virus de la bursite infectieuse aviaire." Paris 7, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003PA077206.
Full textVANNEUFVILLE, MARGUERITE. "Les infections bacteriennes chez le sujet v. I. H. +." Lille 2, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992LIL2M339.
Full textHuguet-Garmath, Corinne. "Les arthrites virales : revue de la littérature à propos d'une observation." Montpellier 1, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991MON11028.
Full textFafi-Kremer, Samira. "Caractérisation moléculaire du virus d'Epstein-Barr au décours de la mononucléose infectieuse : étude prospective." Université Joseph Fourier (Grenoble), 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005GRE18002.
Full textPolidori, Fabiani Isabelle. "Les infections a streptococcus pneumoniae chez les sujets seropositifs vih." Aix-Marseille 2, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994AIX20047.
Full textMasy, Eric. "Rôle de la protéine LMP-1 du virus d'Epstein-Barr (EBV) dans la prolifération de cellules présentant une latence virale de type II : caractérisation d'une lignée monocytaire transformée par le virus." Lille 2, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002LIL2P006.
Full textClaverie, Marie-Pierre. "L'approche psychosomatique dans la compréhension de l'évolution d'une maladie infectieuse : psychosomatique et immunité." Toulouse 2, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003TOU20025.
Full textPsychosomatic and AIDS, contribution to evaluation of disease evolution. This study of 19 subjects afflicted with HIV infection demonstrates that their symptomatic variability in terms of stabilization depends of the quality of psychic functioning. The analysis and interpretation of data from Toranto Alexithymia scale, from Rorschach protocols, KAPP and clinical research interviews tend to hypothesis that the somatic improument and the ability to cope with the disease depends of the quality of psychic functioning
Abbassi, Hayet. "Effets de l'interaction entre Cryptosporidium baileyi et des virus immunodépresseurs du poulet : exemple du virus de la maladie de Marek et du virus de la bursite infectieuse." Tours, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000TOUR3304.
Full textTabaa, Yassine Al. "Le réservoir EBV dans le compartiment circulant : mise en évidence et implications en pathologie humaine." Montpellier 1, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009MON13507.
Full textIn healthy carriers, EBV-infected memory B cells are very rare cells (1 to 50 per million B cells) and to date, they cannot be given direct access. We developed an EBV-antigen- ELISpot assay based on the enumeration of EBV latently-infected memory circulating B cells able to produce viral antigens and particles after polyclonal activation. We focused on two antigens of the viral replication in order to distinguish B lymphocytes able to initiate the viral replication of those able to finish the lytic cycle. We highlighted a functional reservoir composed of 1 to 5 cells/million B lymphocytes. This small pool of cells is necessary and sufficient to viral persistence. In plasma cells derived from EBV-infected memory B cells, the EBV lytic cycle frequently aborted before expression of the late gene products to reduce immunogenic activity. This abortive nature, which is present at the primary infection, is combined with polyclonal activation induced by bystander effect in order to allow the rapid elimination of the blasts cells in the interest of the two protagonists, the host and the virus
COMMIN, VERONIQUE. "Risque d'exposition au sang pour le personnel soignant : a propos d'une etude du geres au c.h. de chauny." Amiens, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992AMIEM070.
Full textEterradossi, Nicolas. "Contribution a l'etude antigenique des souches hypervirulentes du virus de la bursite infectieuse du poulet (avibirnavirus, birnaviridae)." Rennes 1, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998REN10010.
Full textMlika, Cabanne Najoua. "Tuberculose et vih en afrique centrale." Paris 11, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996PA11T015.
Full textLévy-Joseph, Caroline. "Les antigènes du virus d'Epstein-Barr : leur mise en évidence et leur utilisation dans les techniques de diagnostic modernes de la mononucléose infectieuse." Strasbourg 1, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988STR15075.
Full textGonin, Patrick. "Evaluation de vecteurs recombinants adénovirus comme vaccins contre les virus de l'immunodéficience féline (FIV) et de la peritonite infectieuse féline (PIF)." Paris 11, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995PA114837.
Full textDorson, Michel. "La nécrose pancréatique infectieuse des salmonidés : étude de la maladie, du virus et de la réaction de la truite." Paris 7, 1985. http://www.theses.fr/1985PA077115.
Full textTeuma, Danielle. "Virus Epstein-Barr et leucose myélomonocytaire juvénile chronique chez l'enfant : à propos d'une observation." Montpellier 1, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989MON11205.
Full textEscaffre, Olivier. "Bases moléculaires du pouvoir pathogène et développement d’une méthode de quantification différentielle des quatre brins génomiques chez l’Avibirnavirus de la bursite infectieuse." Rennes 1, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011REN1S005.
Full textInfectious Bursal Disease (IBD) is an infectious disease of young chickens (Gallus gallus) caused by a bisegmented (A & B) double-stranded RNA genome virus (IBDV, family Birnaviridae, genus Avibirnavirus). The virus replication cycle is not fully described regarding the time and place of strand synthesis. In a first part of this study, four real-time quantitative RT-PCR methods, able to quantify specifically each strand of the IBDV genome, were developed. Implementation of these methods on purified IBDV particles and on a kinetic study of in-vitro strand production provided interesting data as to the possible genomic content of virus particles and to the replication model, respectively. These results suggest that negative strand synthesis occurs after equimolar positive strand (A & B) packaging inside nascent virus particle. Molecular basis of the pathogenicity have been investigated in a second study. Very virulent IBDV strain (vvIBDV) can induce important clinical sign and mortality rates but no reliable molecular marker has been definitely identified yet. This study was carried out on a field strain (94432) which, in spite of being phylogenetically related to vvIBDVs, does not induce any mortality and only low morbidity in chickens. Using a reverse genetic system associated to 94432, several recombinant derived-94432 viruses were characterized in-vivo. Results demonstrated an important contribution of the polymerase encoded-segment B, especially of one amino acid at position 276, in the reduced pathogenicity of 94432. The biological function of amino acid 276 remains unknown
Lapedagne, Thierry. "Troubles anxieux et dépressifs chez les personnes atteintes par le VIH : étude personnelles sur un échantillon de 31 sujets." Bordeaux 2, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997BOR23035.
Full textRoux, Xavier Pierre Marie. "Développement d'un vaccin contre le virus respiratoire syncytial, agent de la bronchite du nouveau- né : analyse des réponses immunitaires au niveau du tractus respiratoire." Versailles-St Quentin en Yvelines, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007VERS0007.
Full textLe virus respiratoire syncytial (VRS) est l’agent étiologique majeur des bronchiolites du nourisson. Au cours de mon travail de thèse, une stratégie de vaccination sous-unitaire par voie nasale basée sur la nucléoprotéine virale (N SRS) a été évaluée. Chez la souris adulte, N SRS induit une réponse protectrice contre une épreuve virale. Appliquée au souriceau, cette vaccination aboutit à un recrutement d’éosinophiles dans le poumon, signe d’une réponse immunopathologique de type Th2. Afin de comprendre les mécanismes gouvernant l’immunité du tractus respiratoire du nouveau-né, j’ai comparé l’activation et l’orientation des lymphocytes T CD4 du nouveau né et de l’adulte. La caractérisation phénotypique et fonctionnelle des cellules dendritiques pulmonaires n’a pas mis en évidence de différence liée à l’âge. En revanche j’ai confirmé chez le nouveau-né une orientation des lymphocytes T dans la voie Th2, qui corrèle avec la surexpression du facteur de transcription GATA-3
Le, Nouën Cyril. "Étude de l'épidémiologie moléculaire du segment B de l'avibinavirus de la bursite infectieuse aviaire et bases moléculaires de la virulence chez ce virus." Lyon 1, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006LYO10022.
Full textFerroni, Agnès. "Apport de l'examen du lavage bronchoalvéolaire dans le diagnostic des pneumopathies chez le sujet atteint du virus de l'immunodéficience humaine." Paris 5, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989PA05P205.
Full textDubois, Axel. "Convergent antibody signatures for the measles virus in transgenic rats expressing a human B cell IG repertoire." Thesis, Université de Lorraine, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015LORR0317/document.
Full textThe enormous diversity of immunoglobulins (IG) allows the specific recognition of an almost infinite number of antigens, and ensure a long-term protection against pathogens previously encountered by the organism. The complementarity-determining region 3 (CDR3) of the immunoglobulin heavy chain (IGH) is the major antigen binding domain and determinant of antigen-specificity of the antibody molecule. Using next-generation sequencing, we tested whether immunization resulted in the generation and accumulation of similar IGH CDR3 sequences that are antigen-specific and shared across individuals, i.e. public IGH CDR3s. Such public "antigen-specific signatures" can potentially be used to retrospectively reconstruct past antigenic challenges. To test this hypothesis, transgenic rats with fully functional human Ig heavy and light chain loci (OmniRatTM) have been immunized with diverse antigens, and particularly measles virus (MV)-derived antigen. We demonstrated a strong public immune response within the different groups of rats characterized by convergent IGH CDR3 amino acid sequences in the animals that received the same vaccine. These clusters of CDR3s represent complex antigen-specific IGH CDR3 signatures. We are now transposing this concept to human studies by performing infection and vaccination follow ups to test whether similar CDR3 signatures can also be found in peripheral blood B cells. In the context of the MV eradication campaign of the World Health Organization, new epidemiological tools that enable to distinguish between immunized and infected individuals would be valuable assets
Hervouet, Catherine. "Immunité génitale et vaccination muqueuse : rôle des cellules dendritiques de la muqueuse vaginale et sublinguale dans l'induction d'une immunité génitale infectieuse." Nice, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009NICE4098.
Full textThe female genital mucosa is the major site of HIV infection. It is accepted that vaccination by mucosal route is more effective than parenteral vaccination to generate an immune barrier including genital secretory immunoglobulins (SIgA) and mucosal cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTL). A better understanding of the role of dendritic cells (DC), effective antigen presenting cells located at the site of mucosal immunization in the induction of genital immunity should facilitate the development of mucosal vaccines targeting DC. In that context, this work demonstrates that vaginal or sublingual administration of a prototype vaccine (comprising ovalbumin or HIV peptidic sequences of gp41 or reverse transcriptase proteins) generates specific humoral and cytotoxic responses in the genital mucosa. DC present at both sites of immunization play a major role in the induction of these responses. More precisely, vaginal Langerhans cells are not only dispensable for the generation of genital CTL responses but they down-regulate these responses, by a mechanism which may involve IL-10 and IL-17 cytokines. Furthermore, sublingual DC have exceptional migratory properties to distant lymphoid organs, a phenomenon which may partly explain the ability of sublingual vaccination to induce disseminated genital CTL responses. These data underline the potential of the sublingual mucosa to serve as an inductive site for inducing systemic and genital immunity against sexually transmitted infections in general and against HIV in particular. Furthermore, these findings might be critical for the development of new mucosal vaccines and immunotherapeutic strategies designed for the targeting of DC subsets
Jalil, Abdelali. "Etude de l'immunité humorale et de la fonction macrophagique au niveau du tractus respiratoire au cours de la pneumopathie à pneumocystis carinii chez les patients infectés par le VIH." Saint-Etienne, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000STET003T.
Full textMoussa, Marlène. "Cytokines et chimiokines placentaires et transmission materno-foetale du virus de l'immunodéficience humaine de type 1." Paris 11, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000PA11T019.
Full textPregnancy outcome is depending on the capacity of aptation of the maternal immune system to the presence of the semi-allogeneic fetus. Maternal tolerance is mediated, by part, by a local immunosuppression. Placental cytokines and microenvironment are essential components of this tolerance. We have studied the cytokines and chemokines spontaneously secreted by human placental villi and cells, from first trimester or end _of pregnancy. We found expression of chemokines (MIP- Lα. , MIP-lβ, RANTES and IL-8), inflammatory ;cytokines (lL-I β, IL-6 and TNF-α. ), and growth factors (GM CSF and CSF-1). Surprising!y, we did not detect important secretion of any type 1 or type 2 cytokines. We could highlighted quantitative differences in the pattern of cytokines and chemokines expression between first trimester and term placentae, which could be related to variations in metabolic, hormonal and invasive functions. Mother-to-child HIV-1 transmission could occur in utero through the placental barrier. We hypothesized that placental microenvironment could influence mechanisms of placental viral transmission, and we compared cytokines and chemokines secretion profiles between term placentae from HIV-seropositive and HIV-seronegativewomen. No major difference could be seen at the level of placental tissue. However, it seems that the first cellular layer in contact with maternal blood (trophoblatic cells) may express differently intlammatory cytokines and chemokines depending on the HIV infection of the mother. Some local variations in cytokines and chemokines may act in an autocrine proccss on proliferative, invasive and hormonal functions of trophoblast, or on HIV replication and spreading in the placenta, if trophoblasts are infected in vivo
Corbeil, Serge. "Réponse immunitaire humorale induite par le virus de la nécrose pancréatique infectieuse (VNPI) chez la truite mouchetée (Salvelinus fontinalis L.), et caractérisation de l'immunoglobuline produite /." Thèse, Chicoutimi : Université du Québec à Chicoutimi, 1991. http://theses.uqac.ca.
Full textPrevet, Hugues. "Conception et synthèse de molécules à visée anti-infectieuse selon deux stratégies : le criblage à haut débit et l’approche par fragments." Thesis, Lille 2, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016LIL2S037/document.
Full textThe discovery of drug candidates is based on the identification of hits with appropriated physico-chemical properties for further development. High throughput screening and fragment-based drug discovery approaches are two strategies commonly used for this identification. These strategies were applied during my PhD research work for identifying not only new modulators of the CD81/CLDN-1 complex to prevent entry of the Hepatitis C virus (HCV) into hepatocytes but also inhibitors of the mycobacterial transcriptional repressor, called EthR2, to boost ethionamide antibacterial activity against resistant strains of M. tuberculosis.Firstly, a high throughput screening assay was developed to identify molecules bearing a thieno[2,3-c]pyrazole scaffold that modulate the CD81/CLDN-1 complex. The structure-activity relationships allowed us to design and synthesize one non-toxic compound that inhibits viral entry with an IC50 in the submicromolar range. This best analog will be used as pharmacological tool to understand the molecular mechanism involving the CD81/CLDN-1 interaction during virus entry.Secondary, we worked on the design and synthesis of a new generation of fragments called privileged fragments. We focused our interest on the 1,4-benzodiazepine-2,5-dione and spirohydantoin scaffolds and using microwave-assisted conditions 44 original privileged fragments have been synthesized. To further illustrate the potential of our privileged fragments, a virtual focused library has been generated and screened in silico on MDM2 protein. The in vitro evaluation of the identified hits will allow us to validate our approach and to show the potential of our privileged fragments for the discovery of new hits against protein-protein interactions.Finally, inhibitors of a new mycobacterial transcriptional repressor involved in the boosting of ethionamide activity have been developed. Screening of 960 fragments allowed us to identify a hit bearing a tropinone scaffold which was cocrystallized with EthR2. A rational design from this cocrystal structure led rapidly to more potent ligands
Dhondt, Kévin. "Etude des mécanismes de haute pathogénicité des Henipavirus." Thesis, Lyon, École normale supérieure, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014ENSL0954/document.
Full textHenipaviruses are highly pathogenic emerging zoonotic paramyxoviruses. They can infect a broad spectrum of mammals including flying foxes (Pteropus fruit bats), its reservoir, pigs and humans. As there are neither therapeutic drugs nor efficient prophylactic treatment towards these highly lethal viruses, they have to be manipulated in biosafety level-4 laboratories. In the first part of this thesis, we study the role of glyco-amino-glycans on Henipavirus infection and their potential use as treatment. In the second part, we describe the interaction between the host immune system and the pathogen. To investigate these interactions, we took advantage of different transgenic mouse models deficient for some immune pathways. Indeed, although mice possess the viral entry receptor for Henipaviruses, they do not succumbed to intraperitoneal infection. We analyzed the susceptibility to Nipah virus (NiV) infection of mice deleted for different components of innate and adaptive immune systems. Obtained results showed that some of these mice can be used as new models for NiV immunopathogenesis study. This study also suggests that type I interferon system plays a major role in limitation of viral spreading to the brain and that T cells are necessary for full viral clearance. Macrophages act at the crossroad of immunity, between innate and adaptive system. Finally, we deal with the preliminary phases of a project which aims to identify the differences, at a molecular level, of interaction between non-structural viral proteins and innate immunity proteins in mice and human. Such differences could explain the different clinical patterns that are observed in these species. In conclusion, this thesis allowed to identify new animal models and to better characterize host-pathogen interactions, from molecular to whole organism level. However, the precise mecanisms of these interactions remain to be elucidated and would probably help to understand the great diversity of pathogeny of Henipaviruses
Kfutwah, Anfumbom Kitu Womeyi. "Effet du VIH-1 et de la prophylaxie de la transmission mère-enfant (TME) associés ou non à une co-infection palustre sur la balance des cytokines/chimiokines au sein de l'environnement placentaire." Paris 7, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006PA077115.
Full textMore than 90% of hiv-1 infected children acquire the virus through mother-to-child transmission (mtct). Antiretroviral (arv) prophylaxis have greatly reduced mtct of hiv-1 in the developed world. Before 2000, no effective program on the prevention of mtct existed in cameroun. The main objectives of this thesis were to contribute in the initiation of a program on the prevention of hiv-1 mtct in cameroun using nevirapine (nvp) and to study factors associated with the control or not of mtct such as the placental cytokine profiles and malaria confections. We observed a 13% mtct of hiv-1 with nvp prophylaxis in a context of a large hiv-1 diversity in yaounde. Less than 5% of the pregnant women naïve of arv treatment presented resistant mutations to arv. A high variability was observed in the mrna expression and secretion of cytokines in the placentas of both hiv-1 negative and positive women. Analyses considering clinical parameters revealed significant differences between hiv-1 negative and positive women, with tnf-a predominating in the hiv-1 positive group. Malaria parasitemia was significantly higher among hiv-1 positive women. Malaria parasite was observed to greatly alter the placenta cytokine environment. We then showed in parallel that tnf-a, which is associated with malaria, enhanced viral replication on hiv-1 infected placental histocultures. Together, these results show that nvp is efficient in the prevention of hiv-1 mtct and that malaria could alter this efficiency by modulating the placental cytokine environment
Galloux, Marie. "Etude fonctionnelle et structurale d' un peptide impliqué dans le mécanisme d' entrée d' un virus non enveloppé." Paris 6, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006PA066035.
Full textDieudonné, Audrey. "Infections virales respiratoires et exacerbations de l’asthme : rôles des récepteurs d’épuration et du TLR3 exprimés par l’épithélium bronchique." Thesis, Lille 2, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010LIL2S021.
Full textViral airway infections by rhinovirus, respiratory syncytial virus and influenza Avirus, mainly target airway epithelial cells and pulmonary dendritic cells (DCs). Theseinfections are the major cause of exacerbations associated with allergic asthma in children.Innate and adaptative immunity have an essential role in the antiviral response and allergy.The main actors in innate immunity of the lung include bronchial epithelial cells (BECs) andDCs, which actively cooperate. Induction of innate immune responses involves patternrecognition receptors (PRRs) implicated in endocytosis such as scavenger receptors (SRs) andsignalling receptors like Toll-like receptors (TLRs), which both cooperate to adjust theresponse to pathogens. During respiratory viral infections, BEC activation by double-strandedRNA (dsRNA) is linked to the mobilization of TLR3 and RNA-helicases and represents a keycomponent of the antiviral response.In this context, our aim was to elucidate TLR3 and SRs functions in BECs in respiratory viralinfections and cellular and molecular mechanisms implicated in asthma exacerbations.Since expression of SRs in BECs is not well-known, we have first demonstrated SRsexpression in these cells and their regulation by TNF-a. This increased expression is relatedwith a higher capacity to bind and to internalize SRs ligands such as acetylated LDL ormaleylated ovalbumin (mOVA). Addition of SRs ligands inhibits dsRNA-induced activation,showing that SRs act as coreceptors for TLR3 and RNA-helicases. Ligands of SRs are able toinhibit viral dsRNA binding and NF-κB and IRF3 signalling pathways. In vivo, administrationof SRs ligand allows to partially control proinflammatory effects of dsRNA and thedevelopment of the immune response by limiting DCs migration towards draining lymphnodes. Next, we defined the role of BECs, myeloid DCs (mDCs) and of the signallingpathways TRIF in a mouse model of lung allergic exacerbation based on the localadministration of dsRNA. Our data demonstrated that treatment with dsRNA induces lungallergic exacerbation. The use of trif -/- mice showed that the TLR3/TRIF pathway was criticalin lung allergic exacerbation induced by dsRNA. Intratracheal transfer of bone marrowdendritic cells (BMDC) primed with IL-4/dsRNA/ovalbumin in wild type mice reproducesexacerbation of the allergic reaction, whereas cells primed with dsRNA/ovalbumin have amore limited effect. These data show the importance of mDCs in this mechanism. The role ofairway epithelium is related to the dsRNA induced production of chemokines which isimplicated within mDCs and inflammatory cell recruitment towards the lung.All these data underline the important role of SRs in BECs response to dsRNA. Theseobservations allow to hypothesize the implication of SRs in infections by respiratory viruses.Moreover, our work reveals the key role of TLR3/TRIF pathway in exacerbation of theallergic reaction and the importance of BECs/mDCs crosstalk in these settings. Theseobservations suggest new therapeutic approaches in order to strengthen or to limit antiviralimmune response
Richard, Léa. "Détection et caractérisation moléculaire des rétrovirus d'origine simienne chez l'Homme : cas du virus foamy et du virus T-lymphotrope de type 4." Thesis, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016USPCC211/document.
Full textNon-human primates (NHPs) are an important reservoir of pathogens, including retroviruses. Several retroviruses have emerged in human population from NHP reservoir, like the human immunodeficiency virus and the human T-lymphotropic virus type 1 who have spread globally and are the causative agents of serious pathologies. During my PhD, I interested in two retroviruses who have an emerging potential in human population, the simian foamy virus (SFV) and the human T-lymphotropic virus type 4 (HTLV-4), in cohorts of individuals at risk in Central Africa. SFV are retroviruses ubiquituous in NHPs. A hundred of human infections with SFV are known, originating from contacts with NHP. The infection is chronic, asymptomatic although no secondary transmission has been observed yet. We showed that two envelope molecular variants of SFV are co-circulating in gorilla and chimpanzee populations. These strains can be transmitted to humans through bites. The variants differ in the receptor binding domain on the envelope and could have different functional properties. HTLV-4 had been detected in a single individual (a cameroonese hunter) and the simian reservoir idenfied as gorillas. We have detected two gabonese hunters infected with HTLV-4, who had been bitten by gorillas. Then we confirm the presence of HTLV-4 in humans in Central Africa. One of the strains is divergent and defines the prototype of a new subtype of HTLV-4
Gninafon, Dossa Daniel. "Association virus de l'immunodéficience humaine et pneumopathies en médecine interne au CNHU de Cotonou - Bénin : à propos de 87 cas recensés du 1er janvier 1990 au 30 avril 1995." Bordeaux 2, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996BOR2M015.
Full textGalès, Amandine. "Rôle central des Monocytes/macrophages dans la défense anti-infectieuse ; implication de la polarisation M2 et des marqueurs associés Dectine-1, récepteur mannose et interleukine-10." Toulouse 3, 2009. http://thesesups.ups-tlse.fr/792/.
Full textMacrophages are the first line of host defense and are involved in orchestrating adaptive immunity. Monocytes and Macrophages display a remarkable functional and phenotypic plasticity in response to environmental signals. Currently, macrophages are classified into different sub-types, covering a spectrum of activation on which M1 macrophages represent one extreme and M2 macrophages represent the other. This study is based on 3 research projects aimed at determine the mechanisms underlying the response of macrophages to hepatitis C virus (HCV) or against Candida albicans in vitro and in vivo in a context of type 2 diabetes. As regards the polarization of monocytes of patients infected with HCV, we find that the monocytes of spontaneous clearers have a particular functional profile, with dramatically low productions of IL-10 and TNF-a in response to stimulation with either the HCV Core protein or LPS. Moreover, we studied the susceptibility to C. Albicans gastrointestinal infection on two models, Dectin-1 receptor conditional knockout mice, in which Dectin-1 was selectively disrupted in phagocyte cells and a model of type 2 diabetes induced by fat diet. We first established that the expression of Dectine-1 on macrophages is dependent of PPARgamma. Then, the use of macrophage-specific Dectin-1 deficient mice shows that Dectin-1 is essential both to control C. Albicans infection in vitro and in vivo. Moreover, the alternative activation of macrophages by PPARgamma ligands significantly reduces C. Albicans infection in a context of increased susceptibility related to type 2 diabetes
Marlin, Romain. "Rôle de l'immunité innée maternelle dans le contrôle de la transmission mère-enfant in utero du VIH-1." Paris 7, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010PA077128.
Full textA better understanding of the innate and mucosal immunity is needed for the design of a protective vaccine against HIV-1. The uterine mucosa during pregnancy (the decidua) is a relevant model of protection since in utero mother-to-child transmission of HIV-1 is rarely observed, particularly during the first trimester of pregnancy. The objectives of this PhD study were to develop a study model of human decidua to characterize HIV-1 infection, and to identify the potential mechanisms of viral control within this tissue. During this PhD, we have set up and validated an in vitro and ex vivo model to study the decidual mucosa obtained from voluntary pregnancy termination samples during the first trimester. We demonstrated that the decidua was permissive to in vitro HIV-1 infection and mostly by the R5 virus. The target cells were characterized: they are antigen presenting cells which share the phenotype of M2 macrophages as well as of tolerogenic dendritic cells. The microenvironement of the decidua participates in the control of viral dissémination especially through the production of beta- chemokines by decidual immune cells. We also showed that in vivo the decidual NK cell phenotype changes over time. These effector cells could potentially participate in the control of HIV-1 dissemination within the materno-fetal interface. The characterization of the control mechanisms will give new pieces of information relevant for the design of new strategies to develop a protective vaccine against HIV-1
Pardigon, Nathalie. "Le clonage moleculaire du segment m du bunyavirus germiston : etude de la transcription et de la traduction a l'aide de cadn recombinants." Paris 7, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988PA077134.
Full textHerpin, de Fritsch Elsa. "Diagnostic étiologique des méningo-encéphalites aiguës virales par techniques de biologie moléculaire : évaluation d'une trousse commercialisée pour la détection de génomes viraux." Bordeaux 2, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001BOR23005.
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Full textGenton, Céline. "Capacités de récupération d'une population de gorilles de plaine de l'Ouest (Gorilla gorilla gorilla) suite à un effondrement démographique engendré par une épidémie à virus Ebola." Phd thesis, Université Rennes 1, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00788973.
Full textDjilali, Soufiane. "L'infection experimentale du mouton par le virus leucemogene bovin : etude immuno-hematologique, pathologique et virologique." Paris 6, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988PA066208.
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