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Academic literature on the topic 'Virus défectif'
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Journal articles on the topic "Virus défectif"
Abeywickrama-Samarakoon, Natali, Jean-Claude Cortay, Camille Sureau, Dulce Alfaiate, Massimo Levrero, and Paul Dény. "Réplication du génome du virus de l’hépatite delta : un rôle pour la petite protéine delta S-HDAg." médecine/sciences 34, no. 10 (October 2018): 833–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/medsci/2018209.
Full textPéron, Jean-Marie. "Utilisation du virus de la stomatite vésiculeuse, un virus non défectif pour la réplication pour traiter le cancer du foie. Un exemple de virothérapie." Gastroentérologie Clinique et Biologique 29, no. 10 (October 2005): 1074–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0399-8320(05)88220-x.
Full textBERTAGNOLI, S., B. PIGNOLET, S. BIACCHESI, M. ELOIT, B. KLONJKOWSKI, J. RICHARDSON, and M. BREMONT. "Les vecteurs viraux : outils modernes de vaccination." INRAE Productions Animales 21, no. 1 (March 22, 2008): 127–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.20870/productions-animales.2008.21.1.3383.
Full textDissertations / Theses on the topic "Virus défectif"
Kassab, Somar. "Variabilité du virus de l'hépatite B." Thesis, Bordeaux, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014BORD0056/document.
Full textThe genetic polymorphism of hepatitis B virus (HBV) has been investigated tounderstand its impact on disease evolution, with discordant results. This could be due to thenarrow range of genotype and plasmatic viral load in these studies.We analysed complete genome variability of circulating HBV, in 422 chronicallyinfected patients. All were naive of anti-viral treatement and 38% had a plasmatic viral loadbelow 103 UI/mL. After optimisation of full length genome PCR amplification, we obtainedSanger sequences for more than 90% of HBV genome in 320 samples. We detected by directsequencing multiples co-infections that were confirmed by clonal pyrosequencing in 27samples. Defective viruses were always observed in co-infection with wild type virus. Directsequences showed a large representation of the most frequent genotypes (A to E), but also 60potential inter-genotypic recombinants. Clonal pyrosequencing and vectorial sequencingshowed that these potential recombinants were co-infections with different genotypes orintermediate genotypes located between close genotypes. These observations are incontradiction with the hypothesis described in the literature on recombination by geneticmaterial exchange.This study will be completed by a correlation analysis between the polymorphisms andmarkers of bad prognosis during HBV-induced disease
Boussier, Jeremy. "Chikungunya Virus Superinfection Exclusion and Defective Viral Genomes : Insights into Alphavirus Regulation of Genetic Diversity." Thesis, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018USPCC181/document.
Full textArboviruses such as chikungunya virus (CHIKV) are responsible for millions of yearly infections, with no approved vaccines and limited treatments. Because they circulate between mosquitoes and humans, their fast adaptation potential to different hosts is key to pathogenesis. To achieve genome diversification, they rely on the error-prone nature of their self-encoded RNA-dependent RNA polymerase, which quickly generates a cloud of mutants, termed quasispecies. Quasispecies contain not only mutated genomes, but also shuffled genomes of different parental origin (through a process known as recombination), as well as genomes with large deletions, unable to replicate without the co-infection with a full-length helper genome, and thus termed defective viral genomes (DVGs). A tight regulation of the mutant cloud size is key to pathogenesis: if too small, it will limit the adaptation potential of the virus, whilst too big a quasispecies may lead to the fast accumulation of deleterious mutations. While regulation of the mutational landscape is achieved through the finely tuned error rate of the viral polymerase, recombination and DVG replication are influenced by the co-infection potential of the target cells.In this context, superinfection exclusion (SIE), a process by which infection by a first virus prevents infection by a second, closely related virus, can regulate quasispecies dynamics. While described in most viral families, mechanisms underlying SIE remain poorly characterised. Here, I show that CHIKV infection excludes subsequent infection by CHIKV, Sindbis virus and influenza A virus, but not West Nile virus. I demonstrate that CHIKV exclusion occurs at two steps, impacting independently viral penetration and replication, but does not directly influence binding, nor viral protein translation. I further show that SIE is interferon independent, and does not rely on host cell transcription nor on soluble cellular factors. Moreover, exclusion is not mediated by the action of a single CHIKV protein, suggesting that a cellular response may be at play. Assessing how different immunological pressures can shape quasispecies landscape may prove useful to a more thorough understanding of the interplay between viral evolution and the immune response. Although the unbiased study of point mutations has received much attention, less is known about the characteristics of DVGs, especially in alphaviruses. In the second part of this work, I develop bioinformatics tools to quickly isolate DVGs from next-generation sequencing data, and assess the advantages and drawbacks of pre-amplification steps to detect and quantify DVGs. Using these tools, I provide the first unbiased description of the DVG landscape generated through serial passaging of CHIKV in cell culture. In particular, I show that the DVG landscape is highly dependent on the cell type, with sequence patterns and open reading frames differing between DVGs generated in mammalian and insect cells. These results highlight the role of the cellular environment in shaping quasispecies, and DVGs in particular. Future work will help uncover the mechanisms underlying this crosstalk and may prove useful for the design of treatments targeting quasispecies dynamics
Bertine, Mélanie. "Caractérisation des virus défectifs induits par APOBEC3F/3G dans l'infection VIH-2." Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015USPCC202.
Full textHIV-2 infection represents a model of attenuated retroviral infection. In HIV-1, APOBEC3F/3G cellular proteins introduce mutations in viral genome that could lead to defective and/or hypermutated viruses. This activity is counteracted by the Vif viral protein. The objective of this study was to assess the impact of APOBEC3F/3G editing in HIV-2 in vivo sequences. Direct sequencing of vif and pol regions was performed on proviral HIV-2 DNA of 82 antiretroviral-naïve and 71 treated patients in virological failure included in the ANRS C05 HIV-2 Cohort. Hypermutated viruses were identified using Hypermut2. 0 program. HIV-2 total DNA quantification was assessed using real-time PCR assay. We showed for the first time a high level of APOBEC3F/3G editing in HIV-2 sequences with 23% of defective vif proviral sequences. A group effect was observed with a significantly higher level of APOBEC3F/3G editing in group B than in group A sequences. Several HIV-2 Vif polymorphisms, known critical in vitro in Vif-APOBEC3 interactions were exclusively detected in defective proviruses from antiretroviral-naïve patients. No difference could be evidenced between patients harboring defective and non-defective viruses regarding immuno-virological parameters. Total HIV-2 DNA levels were significantly higher in treated than in antiretroviral-naïve patients. We showed for the first time a significant positive correlation between HIV-2 total DNA and plasma RNA levels in treated patients
Redelsperger, François. "Implications des particules défectives et de la protéine HBSP du virus de l'Hépatite B dans la pathogenèse virale." Paris 7, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011PA077108.
Full textWith almost 400 million chronic carriers, Hepatitis B Virus (HBV) is a major issue of world public health. Our group suggested an impact of genetic variability of HBV, included defectives particles (dHBV) synthesis, in liver pathogenesis. These particles, generated after packaging and retro-transcription of a spliced viral RNA, are defective for replication. Moreover, this spliced RNA also encodes for HBSP protein. In chronic carriers, our group showed that proportion of dHBV and HBSP antibodies are correlated with the severity of liver disease. However, the association between proportion of dHBV and severity of liver disease is still a matter of debate. Our goal was: 1) to quantify the proportion of dHBV during the course of liver disease, and to search for the implication of viral factors in its regulation. During this study, we confirmed the correlation between proportion of dHBV and severity of liver disease, and we identified mutations in a region of the viral genome (HPRE), involved in an increasing of proportion of dHBV in vivo and in vitro. 2) Our work also revealed that HBSP protein is implicated in TNFa signaling pathway. Modulating NFKB and JNK pathways, HBSP interfered in viral antigen secretion. This deregulation of TNFα signaling pathway could participate into the control of hepatic inflammation during HBV infection. In addition, deregulation of TNFα pathway could also interfere in hepatic fibrosis, where we observed an anti-fïbrotic effect of HBSP protein
Mura, Marie. "Caractérisation des génomes défectifs de la plateforme vaccinale rougeole et intérêt pour le développement d'un vaccin antipaludique." Thesis, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2018. https://theses.md.univ-paris-diderot.fr/Mura_Marie_1_va_20180524.pdf.
Full textMeasles virus has been attenuated in the 60s after multiple passages in chicken embryocell culture. It is one of the most efficient and safe vaccines, conferring life-long protection. Thanks to reverse genetics revolution, it is now used as an efficient viral vaccine platform that open new opportunities to develop vaccines against emerging orneglected diseases, as malaria, which remains an issue for global health but also for the French armed forces. The molecular bases of measles attenuation are still not fully elucidated, but mainly lie on type-I interferon (IFN-I) stimulation and cellular tropism.IFN-I stimulation by vaccine strains was linked to the presence of defective interfering genomes (DI-RNAs). Thus, we characterized the DI-RNAs produced by various recombinant measles viruses and studied their immunostimulatory properties after their specific recognition by immune sensors of innate immunity RIG-I and LGP2. Modification of cellular tropism has long been described as dependent on human ubiquitous CD46 receptor. Nevertheless, we showed in vivo on murine model thathCD46 is not required for measles vaccine replication and that only IFN-I restricted host susceptibility. Finally, we developed an antimalarial vaccine strategy using measles vector by using adjuvant effect of DI-RNAs naturally produced by recombinant measlesvaccines
Mselli-Lakhal, Laïla. "Construction de vecteurs lentiviraux défectifs pour la réplication : étude du transport des ARN et des séquences impliquées dans l'encapsidation du génome du virus de l'arthrite et de l'encéphalite caprine (CAEV)." Lyon 1, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997LYO1T058.
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