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Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Virus diseases in fishes'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 26 July 2024

Last updated: 31 July 2025

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1

Rector, Trent. "Genomic Organization of Infectious Salmon Anemia Virus." Fogler Library, University of Maine, 2001. http://www.library.umaine.edu/theses/pdf/RectorT2001.pdf.

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2

Xu, Zinan. "Isolation, characterisation and application of bacteriophages in aquaculture." Thesis, University of Stirling, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/1893/23740.

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The increasing incidence of infections due to antibiotic resistant bacteria has led to renewed interest in bacteriophages (= phages) and phage therapy. Although phage therapy has been applied to control bacterial diseases in plants, poultry, livestock and humans, its application in aquaculture is still relatively limited. The emergence of phage-resistant bacterial mutants has been considered to be one of the major limitations of phage therapy. This study aimed to (i) isolate and characterise phages; (ii) select phages and their bacterial hosts to set up in vivo phage therapy models with aquacu

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3

Gratacap, Remi M. L. "Characterisation of Vibrio anguillarum for the development of vaccine in cod (Gadus morhua)." Thesis, University of Stirling, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/1893/1142.

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Atlantic cod (Gadus morhua L.) is one of the most promising new fish species introduced to cold water aquaculture due to the large established market in Europe and the USA and the decline in wild stock. So far, the production of farmed cod has been relatively low, with the main hindrance due to diseases. Vibrio anguillarum has been recognised as the biggest disease problem of farmed cod and has slowed the development of a successful cod aquaculture industry. When the first incidences of V. anguillarum occurred in cod aquaculture, vaccines designed for vibriosis in Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar

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4

Costa, Janina Z. "B cell epitopes in fish nodavirus." Thesis, University of Stirling, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/1893/13240.

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Three epitope-mapping procedures were used to identify B-cell epitopes on Betanodaviruses: neutralisation escape mutant sequence analysis, phage display, and pepscan. Betanodaviruses have emerged as major pathogens of marine fish. These viruses are the aetiological agents of a disease referred to as viral nervous necrosis (VNN), which affects many species of fish that are economically valuable to the aquaculture industry. The identification of betanodavirus B-cell epitopes will facilitate the rational development of vaccines to counter VNN. A panel of mouse monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) was pro

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5

Monaghan, Sean J. "Approaches to DIVA vaccination for fish using infectious salmon anaemia and koi herpesvirus disease as models." Thesis, University of Stirling, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/1893/17261.

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The expanding aquaculture industry continues to encounter major challenges in the form of highly contagious aquatic viruses. Control and eradication measures targeting the most lethal and economically damaging virus-induced diseases, some of which are notifiable, currently involve ‘stamping out’ policies and surveillance strategies. These approaches to disease control are performed through mass-culling followed by restriction in the movement of fish and fish products, resulting in considerable impacts on trade. Although effective, these expensive, ethically complex measures threaten the sustai

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6

Mangunwiryo, Hariyadi. "Aspects of infectious pancreatic necrosis (IPN) virus infections in farmed fish." Thesis, Kingston University, 1988. http://eprints.kingston.ac.uk/20347/.

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A rainbow trout (Slamo gairdneri Richardson) population of IPN virus carriers was studied over a one-year period using both homogenisatian and co-cultivation for virus isolation. The percentage of virus-yielding fish was high between March and June but then declined. This was diametrically opposite to the trend in the serum antibody levels indicating that the marked humoral immune response resulted in a very significant reduction in the virus titres. The highest isolation rate was obtained from the kidneys after co-cultivation (from seventeen of the twenty-three virus-positive fish) underlinin

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7

Candido, Marcelo. "Aspectos celulares e moleculares da ranavirose experimental em tilápias do Nilo (Oreochromis niloticus)." Universidade de São Paulo, 2018. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/74/74131/tde-14022019-154157/.

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Algumas doenças associadas à piscicultura de tilápias trazem enormes prejuízos aos criadores, resultando em expressivos coeficientes de morbidade e mortalidade entre animais de todas as idades. Nesse sentido, exigências para o aprimoramento do diagnóstico laboratorial de doenças de natureza infecto-contagiosa tornaram-se constantes, face às perdas vinculadas. Os Ranavirus são vírus que infectam vertebrados ectotérmicos causando necrose generalizada, hemorragias focais e apoptose celular nos animais infectados. O presente estudo objetivou a realização de infecções experimentais em larvas e alev

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8

Nelson, M. R., A. Nadeem, W. Ahmed, and T. V. Orum. "Cotton Virus Diseases." College of Agriculture, University of Arizona (Tucson, AZ), 1998. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/210398.

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Virus diseases of cotton have historically been of only sporadic importance to global cotton production. Recent devastating epidemics in Pakistan and other areas have brought new awareness to the potential for disaster of a pathogen once considered to be of a minor importance. Under changing conditions this pathogen (cotton leaf curl virus) has emerged as a serious problem in Pakistan and India. Cotton leaf curl virus does not occur in the United States or the rest of the western hemisphere but recent experience worldwide is a reminder that pathogens, such as this geminivirus, can be moved eas

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9

Leung, Ka-ming, and 梁家銘. "Isolation, identification and establishment of bacterial culture collection of fish pathogens in Hong Kong." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10722/207649.

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The importance of fish culture has been increasing since 1990’s. The steady growth of fish culture helps to ensure a stable supply of fish for human consumption. However, when compared with capture fisheries, production from fish culture is greatly influenced by fish diseases. Outbreaks of fish diseases have caused great economic loss to fish culture. Research has been conducted to understand and reduce the occurrence of fish diseases in fish culture. In Hong Kong, bacterial infection is the most common cause of fish diseases. This project is therefore directed to isolate and identify the caus

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10

Al-Ghabshi, Alya. "Bacteria recovered from aquaculture in Oman, with emphasis on Aeromonas Spp." Thesis, University of Stirling, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/1893/22154.

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Aquaculture is being seriously considered as a promising sustainable industry in the Sultanate of Oman. Fish farming commenced in Oman in 1986, but it was only in 2011 that it became a more commercially driven sector. While worldwide aquaculture production is expected to rise to meet the shortage in capture fisheries, there is a parallel requirement to identify potential threats to the health and welfare of existing aquatic farmed stocks and to take appropriate steps to mitigate them. As aquaculture in Oman is in an early stage of development, it is important to acquire baseline data on the ex

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11

Dassanayake, E. M. "Studies on virus diseases of Passiflora." Thesis, University of Bath, 1989. https://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.327860.

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12

Shaw, Lucas Ray. "A computational framework for modeling the spread of pathogens and generating effective containment strategies in weakly connected island models." Laramie, Wyo. : University of Wyoming, 2007. http://proquest.umi.com/pqdweb?did=1404354811&sid=1&Fmt=2&clientId=18949&RQT=309&VName=PQD.

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13

Bérubé, Michel. "La transmission de Diphyllobothrium ditremum à l'omble chevalier (Salvelinus alpinus) dans deux lacs sub-arctiques du Québec /." Thesis, McGill University, 1985. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=64488.

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14

Jones, Angela M. "Aspects of the biology of some marine ascaridoid nematodes." Thesis, University of Stirling, 1994. http://hdl.handle.net/1893/1498.

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Larval Anisakis simplex, Pseudoterranova decipiens, Contracaecum osculatum and larvae and adults of Hysterothylacium aduncum were recovered from specimens of cod, haddock, blue whiting and bull rout; however, only A.simplex were retrieved from long rough dab. The epidemiology of infection by these four nematode species was examined both in whole fish, and in individual host tissues and organs. Frequency distributions of nematodes were found to be generally overdispersed in fish. Preliminary investigations revealed no strong evidence to suggest that competi tive interactions occurred between as

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15

Hahn, Scott Thomas. "Toxinology of ciguatera." Thesis, Queensland University of Technology, 1991.

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16

Davies, Robert L. "Biochemical and cell-surface characteristics of Yersinia ruckeri in relation to the epizootiology and pathogenesis of infections in fish." Thesis, University of Stirling, 1989. http://hdl.handle.net/1893/11897.

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Isolates of Yersinia ruckeri were obtained from Europe, North America, Australia and South Africa. The biochemical and serological characteristics of the isolates were investigated. Biochemically the isolates were extremely uniform although motile, Tween positive isolates could be differentiated from non-motile, Tween negative isolates; these were designated biotypes 1 and 2 respectively. With the exception of two isolates, biotype 2 isolates were confined to the U. K. Five 0-serotypes were recognised and an O-serotyping scheme is proposed; the relation of this scheme to previously described s

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17

Foster, Rosalinda Gram. "Virus-Host Interactions in the Development of Avian Leukosis Virus-Induced Osteopetrosis: a Dissertation." eScholarship@UMMS, 1993. https://escholarship.umassmed.edu/gsbs_diss/180.

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Avian leukosis virus (ALV)-induced osteopetrosis is a proliferative disorder of the bone affecting the growth and differentiation of osteoblasts. Osteopetrosis is a polyclonal disease in which cells of the bone contain, on average, multiple viral DNA copies. Osteopetrotic bone is also characterized by the accumulation of unintegrated viral DNA, suggesting an atypical life cycle of the virus in the infected osteoblasts. To better understand virus-host interactions in the induction of osteopetrosis by ALVs, infected chick osteoblast cultures and osteopetrotic bone were examined for aspects of th

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18

Bain, Nicola. "Understanding host-pathogen interactions of infectious pancreatic necrosis virus (IPNV)." Thesis, University of Aberdeen, 2010. http://digitool.abdn.ac.uk:80/webclient/DeliveryManager?pid=158418.

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Sequencing and phylogenetic analysis was used to characterise a number of Scottish IPNV isolates. The majority of isolates from Scotland were genetically closely related to the Sp strain of IPNV. There appears to be a link between the IPN status of a farm and the presence of IPNV in the environment but this is short lived as IPNV does not typically persist in natural reservoirs at sufficiently high levels to allow re-infection to occur. Real-time PCR was used to study the expression of a subset of immune relevant genes following IPNV challenges by a natural (co-habitation) and unnatural (i.p.)

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19

Kanchanakhan, Somkiat. "Field and laboratory studies of rhabdoviruses associated with epizootic ulcerative syndrome (EUS) of fishes." Thesis, University of Stirling, 1996. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.319799.

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20

Williams, Chris F. "Impact assessment of non-native parasites in freshwater fisheries in England and Wales." Thesis, University of Stirling, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/1893/410.

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Non-native parasites pose a significant threat to aquatic bio-diversity and fishery development. Many factors have facilitated the introduction of non-native parasites into England and Wales. Identifying the effects of these parasites and the importance of any changes to wild fish populations represents a considerable challenge. However, in order for the Environment Agency to identify future disease threats, effectively manage resources and implement practical and sustainable control measures, the risks posed by these parasites to fisheries must be better understood. A structured, risk-assessm

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21

Tucker, Carl Steven. "Larval settlement and epidemiology of Lepeophtheirus salmonis Kroyer, 1837 (Copepoda: Caligidae)." Thesis, University of Stirling, 1998. http://hdl.handle.net/1893/2199.

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This study has been carried out to investigate the biological and environmental parameters influencing the settlement and post-settlement survival of the infective stages of Lepeophtheirus salmonis Kroyer 1837. The abiotic factors investigated were temperature and salinity. Temperature was found to have a significant effect on the settlement success of the copepodids with an inverse relationship between temperature and settlement. Survival of the louse at 10 days post infection showed a decrease at the reduced temperature. Temperature was also shown to have a direct relationship on lice develo

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22

羅文新 and Man-sun Law. "DNA vaccine against chicken infectious bursal disease virus." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 1998. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B31221221.

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23

Brown, Nathan Edward Charles. "Vaccines for Infection Salmon Anemia Virus." Fogler Library, University of Maine, 2003. http://www.library.umaine.edu/theses/pdf/BrownNEC2003.pdf.

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24

Schmidt, Madelyn R. "Virus-Lymphocyte Interactions: Virus Expression Is Differentially Modulated by B Cell Activation Signals: A Dissertation." eScholarship@UMMS, 1991. https://escholarship.umassmed.edu/gsbs_diss/51.

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It is shown here that the ability of B lymphocytes to act as supportive host cells for virus infections requires they be activated from the resting Gostage of the cell cycle. I have used a series of activation regimens, which allow B cells to progress to different stages in their activation/differentiation pathway toward antibody secretion, in order to evaluate the extent of activation required to support vesicular stomatitis or Newcastle disease virus infections. At least three distinct phases during B cell activation which affected VSV infection were defined. Freshly isolated resting murine

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25

Simmons, Joe H. "Rat respiratory virus (RRV) and other novel rodent diseases /." free to MU campus, to others for purchase, 2001. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/mo/fullcit?p3025651.

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26

Brown, J. K., D. Goldstein, and M. R. Nelson. "Plant Virus Diseases that Threaten Cucurbit Production in Arizona." College of Agriculture, University of Arizona (Tucson, AZ), 1986. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/214137.

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A number of plant viruses were isolated from diseased cucurbits in Arizona during 1982 -85. Watermelon mosiac virus 2, cucumber mosaic virus, and squash mosaic virus are previously recognized viral pathogens in Arizona and in most years are not considered economically threatening to cucurbit production. Three newly described plant viruses (lettuce infectious yellows, watermelon curly mottle and zucchini yellow mosaic) however, have the potential to, or already have, incited serious epidemics in Arizona. Losses are heaviest with these diseases when insect vector levels build up early in the gro

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27

Benjeddou, Mongi. "Molecular detection and genetic manipulation of the Black Queen Cell Virus." Thesis, University of the Western Cape, 2002. http://etd.uwc.ac.za/index.php?module=etd&amp.

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The South African isolate of the Black Queen-Cell Virus (BQCV), a honeybee virus, was previously found to have an 8550 nucleotide genome excluding the poly(A) tail. Its genome contained two ORFs, a 5'-proximal ORF encoding a putative replicase protein and a 3'-proximal ORF encoding a capsid polyprotein.<br /> <br /> A reverse transcriptase PCR (RT -PCR) assay was developed for the detection of BQCV and acute bee-paralysis virus (ABPV). Complete genomes sequences w ere used to design unique PCR primers within a l-kb region from the 3' end of both genomes to amplify a fragment of 70.0 bp from BQ

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28

Al-Kaff, Nadia Saleh Ahmed. "Biological and molecular diversity of cauliflower mosaic virus." Thesis, University of East Anglia, 1994. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.240834.

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29

McKinley, Gavin. "The innate immune response of Atlantic salmon head kidney macrophages to Infectious Pancreatic Necrosis Virus (IPNV)." Thesis, University of Stirling, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/1893/243.

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Infectious pancreatic necrosis virus (IPNV) is the aetiological agent of infectious pancreatic necrosis (IPN), a disease associated with serious economic loss in Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar). The interaction between IPNV and the host is poorly characterised. IPNV has been detected within macrophages in natural and experimental infections. The macrophage is an important component of the host immune system, participating in innate and adaptive immune responses. The overarching objective of this project was to study aspects of the interaction between IPNV and innate immune responses in the Atlan

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30

MORAES, IVANY R. de. "Estudo comparativo da sensibilidade de cistos de metacercárias de Phagicola Faust, 1920 (Trematoda: Heterophyidae) à radiação ionizante e ao congelamento em peixes crus preparados a partir da Tainha Mugil Linnaeus, 1758 (Pisces: Mugilidae)." reponame:Repositório Institucional do IPEN, 2005. http://repositorio.ipen.br:8080/xmlui/handle/123456789/11267.

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31

Rose, Andrew Stuart. "Epidemiological aspects of Aeromonas salmonicida in the marine environment." Thesis, University of Stirling, 1990. http://hdl.handle.net/1893/21887.

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The epidemiology of Aeromonas salmonicida subsp. salmonicida in the marine environment was investigated. Nutrient resuscitation and infectivity studies did not support a previous claim of dormancy in A. salmonicida and validated the use of colony-forming units (cfu) in survival studies. Survival of A. salmonicida in seawater was assessed and found to be of short duration «10 days). Survival of the bacterium in non-sterile sediment, obtained from beneath a salmon cage, appeared to be limited. The minimum infective dose of A. salmonicida to Atlantic salmon in short duration (1-3 days) bath expos

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32

Manji, Farah. "Development of methods to determine prevalence of Flavobacterium psychrophilum in farm systems." Thesis, University of Stirling, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/1893/1127.

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Flavobacterium psychrophilum (Fp), the aetiological agent of rainbow trout fry syndrome (RTFS) and bacterial cold-water disease (BCWD), is responsible for significant mortalities and economic losses in the salmonid aquaculture industry worldwide. Currently, there is no effective commercial vaccine against RTFS available, and the treatment of the disease depends on the oral administration of a wide range of anti-microbial compounds, some of which have proven ineffective. With unsuccessful disinfection procedures, possibilities of antibiotic resistance developing and no commercial vaccine availa

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33

Király, Lóránt. "Interactions between cauliflower mosaic virus isolates and nicotiana species that determine systemic necrosis /." free to MU campus, to others for purchase, 1997. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/mo/fullcit?p9841160.

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34

Gomez, Luengo Rodolfo Gustavo. "Proteins and serological relationships of maize mosaic virus isolates and replication of the virus in Maize (Zea Mays L.) protoplasts /." The Ohio State University, 1987. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1487327695621001.

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35

Moseley, Julie. "Strain differentiation in beet yellows virus." Thesis, University of East Anglia, 1989. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.329056.

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36

Burger, Johan Theodorus. "The characterisation of Ornithogalum mosaic virus." Doctoral thesis, University of Cape Town, 1991. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/21824.

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Bibliography: pages 155-179.<br>Ornithogalum mosaic virus (OMV) is the most serious pathogen of commercially grown Ornithogalum and Lachenalia species in South Africa. Although omithogalum mosaic disease was first reported as early as 1940, attempts to purify or characterise the virus(es) were not successful. The extremely mucilaginous nature of omithogalum and lachenalia plant extracts severely hampered virus purification from these hosts. No alternative propagation host for OMV is known: a virus purification protocol for systemically infected ornithogalum and lachenalia was therefore develop

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37

Djainal, Winarti Achmad Sarmin. "Effect of algal-derived compounds on growth and survival of the fish pathogen Francisella noatunensis subsp. orientalis." Thesis, University of Stirling, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/1893/27682.

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Piscine francisellosis, caused by Francisella noatuenensis subsp orientalis (Fno), is an emerging infectious disease in the tilapia industry, but no effective commercial treatments or vaccines are available. The use of immunostimulants is a promising method to control diseases in aquaculture, and various algae and algal-derived compounds are potent immunostimulants for improving immune status. Algae produce a great variety of secondary metabolites that exert a broad spectrum of biological activities. The aim of this thesis was to evaluate the effectiveness of algal compounds against Fno in vit

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38

Twiddy, Sally Susanna. "The molecular epidemiology and evolution of dengue virus." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2002. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.269490.

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39

Chua, Ser Ling. "Papular pruritic eruption of human immunodeficiency virus infection." Thesis, University of Nottingham, 2015. http://eprints.nottingham.ac.uk/30750/.

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Background Papular pruritic eruption (PPE) of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection is common HIV-infected populations who live in tropical and subtropical regions. It is characterized by chronic and intensely itchy papules that are usually more highly concentrated on the extremities, adversely impacting on quality of life. Its aetiology has been postulated to be an altered and exaggerated immunological response to insect bites or stings. It has been reported to diminish in severity or resolve with antiretroviral therapy (ART). Its presence after at least six months of ART has been prop

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40

Oruechevarria, Igor. "Replication and genetic variability in the genus Potyvirus : studies on Potato virus V and Potato virus A /." Uppsala : Swedish Univ. of Agricultural Sciences (Sveriges lantbruksuniv.), 2001. http://epsilon.slu.se/avh/2001/91-576-5806-4.pdf.

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SCHWINGEL, AGNES R. "Terapia fotodinâmica antimicrobiana no tratamento da candidose em pacientes portadores do virus HIV." reponame:Repositório Institucional do IPEN, 2007. http://repositorio.ipen.br:8080/xmlui/handle/123456789/11645.

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42

Asghar, Mobin. "Epstein-Barr virus associated diseases : immunotherapy and cytokine gene expression." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 2001. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/22388.

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The aim of the first study was to use the SCID model to investigate the effect of varying doses of human unmanipulated peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC), polyclonal and EBV peptide-specific cytotoxic T cell lines (CTL) on outgrowth and therapy of autologous LCL tumours. Effector cells were mixed with fixed tumorigenic dose of autologous LCL cells at varying ratios and injected s/c into SCID mice. Unmanipulated PBMC failed to control the outgrowth of LCL tumours. Polyclonal CTLs prevented tumour outgrowth down to the CTL:LCL ratio of 0.25:1 suggesting that outgrowth of EBV-positive tumo

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43

Salim, N. "A study on virus diseases of parsnip (Pastinaca sativa L.)." Thesis, University of Bath, 1990. https://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.235625.

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44

Lasecka, Lidia. "Studies on the replication of Nairobi sheep disease virus in cultured cells." Thesis, Royal Veterinary College (University of London), 2014. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.618322.

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45

Roters, Jean Marc. "Chlamydia trachomatis Reactivates Human Immunodeficiency Virus-1 from Latency in vitro." Scholarly Repository, 2009. http://scholarlyrepository.miami.edu/oa_theses/213.

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The bacterium Chlamydia trachomatis as well as the Human Immunodeficiency virus-1 (HIV-1) are sexually transmitted pathogens; both can infect monocytes/ macrophages and have an obligate intracellular replication cycle. It has been hypothesized that sexually transmitted infections (STIs), including genital Chlamydia, enhance HIV-1 transmission; yet, the underlying biological mechanisms remain unclear. The pathogen¡¯s common biology makes it possible that C. trachomatis and HIV mutually affect each other¡¯s replication cycle during monocyte/macrophage co-infection. To test this hypothesis we use

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46

Manley, Robyn Anna. "Emerging viral diseases of pollinating insects." Thesis, University of Exeter, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10871/29677.

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The risks posed by rapidly evolving RNA viruses to human and animal health are well recognized. Epidemics in managed and wildlife populations can lead to considerable economic and biodiversity losses. Yet, we lack understanding of the ecological and evolutionary factors that promote disease emergence. Host-switching viruses may be a particular threat to species important for human welfare, such as pollinating bees. Both honeybees and wild bumblebees have faced sharp declines in the last decades, with high winter mortality seen in honeybees. Infectious and emerging diseases are considered one o

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47

Nie, Siwei. "Role of TNF in Heterologous Immunity between Lymphocytic Choriomeningitis Virus and Vaccinia Virus: A Dissertation." eScholarship@UMMS, 2008. https://escholarship.umassmed.edu/gsbs_diss/394.

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Prior immunity to a related or unrelated pathogen greatly influences the host’s immune response to a subsequent infection and can cause a dramatic difference in disease course, a phenomenon known as heterologous immunity. Heterologous immunity can influence protective immunity, immunopathology and/or immune deviation of cytokine-producing T cell subsets. Examples of heterologous immunity have been well documented in mouse models, as well as during human infections. For example, prior immunity to lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus (LCMV) provides partial protection against vaccinia virus (VV),

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48

Pinto, Yvonne Maria. "Characterization of a Nigerian isolate of rice yellow mottle virus." Thesis, Imperial College London, 1996. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.243556.

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Lai, Ching-lung. "Chronic hepatitis B-related liver diseases in the Chinese." Hong Kong : University of Hong Kong, 1993. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record.jsp?B13814060.

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Yip, Chi-wai, and 葉志偉. "Characterization of the cell entry mechanism of infectious bursal disease virus." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2010. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B44756306.

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