Academic literature on the topic 'Virus hepatite b canard'
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Journal articles on the topic "Virus hepatite b canard"
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Judson, Franklyn N. "Sexual Transmission of Hepatitis B virus: Epidemiological Considerations and Implications for Control with Vaccine." Canadian Journal of Infectious Diseases 2, suppl a (1991): 3–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/1991/836192.
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Prior to the acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) epidemic, more than 50% of the new hepatitis B virus infections in the United States and Canada were sexually transmitted, approximately one-quarter by heterosexual men and women and one-third by homosexual men. The percentage of hepatitis B virus infections attributable to heterosexual transmission in developing and developed countries of Asia is unknown, but is probably proportionate to the percentage of the population which escapes perinatal and early childhood infection. In homosexual men of developed countries, fear of AIDS has led to dramatic reductions in high risk sexual behaviour and hence in the incidence of hepatitis B virus infection. Specific interventions designed to prevent sexual transmission of human immunodeficiency virus (eg. testing for infection status and counselling, choosing partners carefully, avoiding prostitutes, use of condoms, and diagnostic and treatment services for other sexually transmitted diseases) should further reduce hepatitis B virus sexual transmission in men and women. Eventually, however, hepatitis B virus vaccination programs will need to be considered for all countries. They should take into account regional epidemiology, vaccination cost-benefit, and program goals such as prevention of perinatal infection, sexually transmitted acute hepatitis, and/or cirrhosis and hepatic cancer, as well as containment versus eradication of the virus. If eradication is the goal, the only valid strategy is universal vaccination of infants or young adolescents - or both.
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Minuk, GY, and J. Uhanova. "Chronic Hepatitis B in Canada." Canadian Journal of Infectious Diseases 12, no. 6 (2001): 351–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2001/650313.
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Recent developments in the treatment and prevention of hepatitis B virus (HBV) infections warrant revisiting important epidemiological questions, such as how prevalent is chronic HBV infection in Canada, in which Canadian subpopulations are HBV prevalence rates the highest, in what percentage of infected individuals is the virus actively replicating, and how many infected Canadians are candidates for antiviral therapy? Currently available data suggest the overall prevalence of HBV-infected individuals in the general population is approximately 2%, with 5% to 10% having serological evidence of previous HBV infection. In high risk groups, such as street-connected individuals, Aboriginals and immigrants from endemic areas, these rates of viral prevalence and serological evidence of previous HBV infection are approximately two to 10 and five to 10 times higher, respectively, than in the general population. Candidates for antiviral therapy range from less than 1% of infected Aboriginals to 15% to 30% of Asians with chronic HBV. From these data, it is clear that chronic HBV remains an important public health problem in this country. Hence, resources must be identified to enhance Canadians' awareness of HBV infection, maintain, if not expand, efforts to identify and implement safe and effective antiviral therapy for HBV-infected individuals, and continue programs for universal vaccination to prevent new HBV infections.
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Souto, Francisco José Dutra. "A hepatite B e os movimentos migratórios no Estado de Mato Grosso, Brasil." Revista da Sociedade Brasileira de Medicina Tropical 37, suppl 2 (2004): 63–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0037-86822004000700010.
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A hepatite B é a principal causa de doença hepática na Amazônia, sendo um de seus maiores problemas de saúde pública. A partir dos anos 70, intensificou-se a migração para o sul da Amazônia. No norte do Estado de Mato Grosso, Brasil, foram identificados surtos de hepatite B comunitária e alta prevalência de seus marcadores entre os migrantes após meses da chegada. Análise de subtipos do antígeno de superfície do virus sugere que os migrantes trouxeram o agente infeccioso de suas regiões de origem. Fatores ambientais e comportamentais provavelmente facilitaram a rápida disseminação do vírus da hepatite B nessas comunidades. Dados mais recentes demonstram que a manutenção de vacinação e vigilância nas regiões mais acometidas está diminuindo a incidência da infecção. O aumento do número de casos de hepatite delta entre os portadores do vírus B no norte do Estado de Mato Grosso começa a ser detectado, provavelmente resultante do maior contato com os Estados vizinhos, que têm alta prevalência de hepatite delta.
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Monteiro, Maria Rita de Cassia Costa, Margarida Maria Passeri do Nascimento, Afonso Dinis Costa Passos, and José Fernando de Castro Figueiredo. "Estudo soroepidemiológico da infecção pelo vírus da hepatite B entre portadores do vírus da imunodeficiência humana/sida na cidade de Belém, Pará - Brasil." Revista da Sociedade Brasileira de Medicina Tropical 37, suppl 2 (2004): 27–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0037-86822004000700004.
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O objetivo desta pesquisa foi estudar a prevalência de infecção pelo virus da hepatite B em 406 portadores do virus da imunodeficiência humana, maiores de dezoito anos de idade, atendidos na rede pública de saúde da cidade de Belém, Pará, assim como analisar possíveis fatores de risco para a infecção. A prevalência global de infecção pelo virus da hepatite B foi de 51% (IC: 46,1 - 55,8), com 7,9% (IC: 5,3 - 10,5) para o HBsAg, 45,1% (IC: 40,3 - 49,9) para o anti-HBc e 32,3% (IC: 27,5 - 36,8) para o anti-HBs. Após ajuste por regressão logística, os marcadores sorológicos de infecção pelo vírus da hepatite B apresentaram associação com as seguintes variáveis: idade, situação conjugal e preferência sexual. A prevalência dos marcadores do vírus B nos heterossexuais foi 28,7% e 68,8% nos homossexuais/bissexuais (IC: 3,50 - 9,08; OR: 5,63; p=0,000). Quanto à situação conjugal, a categoria com companheiro fixo/casado apresentou freqüência de 31%, e foi de 58,7% a observada no grupo sem companheiro fixo (IC: 1,29 - 3,63; OR: 2,16; p=0,003). A análise multivariada não mostrou associação do vírus B com o uso de drogas ilícitas injetáveis.
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Cardoso, Divina das Dores P., Edson Luis de Faria, Marli S. Pereira de Azevedo, Divina Aparecida O. Queiroz, Regina Maria B. Martins, Terezinha Teixeira de Souza, Roberto Ruhman Daher, and Celina Maria Turchi Martelli. "Soroepidemiologia para o virus da hepatite B (VHB) em gestantes/parturientes e sua transmissão para recém-nascidos em Goiânia, GO." Revista da Sociedade Brasileira de Medicina Tropical 29, no. 4 (August 1996): 349–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0037-86821996000400006.
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Foram coletadas, entre março de 1990 e julho de 1992, 1459 amostras sanguíneas de mulheres gestantes/parturientes na cidade de Goiânia-GO, objetivando detecção da infecção pelo vírus da hepatite B (VHB), através dos marcadores sorológicos AgHBs e anti-HBs. O percentual depositividade encontrado, pelo teste imunoenzimãtico, foi de 7,5%, sendo 0,5%para AgHBs e 7,0%para anti-HBs. A análise efetuada, considerando a faixa etária, mostra que 7 de 8 mulheres AgHBs-positivas pertenciam à faixa etária de até 30 anos, situação semelhante em relação ao anti-HBs(83/101). Das 8 mulheres positivas, 4 tiveram seus recém-nascidos submetidos a tratamento profilático com vacina (Engerix B) e imunoglobulina humana anti-hepatite B (HBIG). Além disso, 3 dessas crianças foram analisadas sorologicamente, sendo que uma era AgHBs-positiva ao nascimento. Doença sexualmente transmissível e transfusão sanguínea foram fatores de risco que coirelacionaram significantemente com a infecção. Esses resultados parece-nos reforçar a indicação de triagem à infecção pelo vírus da hepatite B no período pré-natal, assim como a adoção de medidas imunoprofiláticas nas crianças nascidas de mães positivas.
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Viana, Daniel Rodrigues, Nathalia Mundoco Veloso, Osvaldo Carvalho Neto, Nicolas Garcia Papacosta, Gabriel Martins Nunes, and Virgílio Ribeiro Guedes. "Hepatite B e C: diagnóstico e tratamento." Revista de Patologia do Tocantins 4, no. 3 (September 26, 2017): 73. http://dx.doi.org/10.20873/uft.2446-6492.2017v4n3p73.
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INTRODUÇÃO: As hepatites virais são consideradas as principais doenças hepáticas, podendo levar a quadros mais graves, como a cirrose e o carcinoma hepatocelular, tornando-se um importante problema de saúde pública. Tem distribuição global com áreas de altos índices de endemicidade, sobretudo em países asiáticos. Os principais agentes envolvidos são os vírus da hepatite A, B, C, D, E. O vírus da hepatite B e C se destacam nesse meio devido à grande capacidade de cronificação. As formas de transmissão são basicamente através do contato com fluidos corporais infectados, através de transfusões sanguíneas, uso de drogas injetáveis, transmissão vertical, etc. METODOLOGIA: Trata-se de um artigo de revisão no qual, a partir das palavras “hepatite B” e “hepatite C”, foi realizado busca por periódicos nos bancos de dados: PubMed, Scielo, Portal Periódicos CAPES e Google acadêmico. CONCLUSÃO: As hepatites B e C podem se apresentar apenas de forma aguda, ou podem se cronificar. O diagnóstico geralmente é realizado tardiamente, pois, na grande maioria dos casos apresenta-se oligossintomáticas ou até mesmo assintomática. O diagnóstico é feito através de exames sorológicos e quantificação viral através do PCR. O tratamento é basicamente sintomático, porem nos casos crônicos, é indicado uso de medicações, como interferons peguilhados e análogos de nucleosideos.
Palavras-chave: Hepatites virais; Hepatite B; Hepatite C.
INTRODUCTION: Viral hepatitis are considered as one of the major liver diseases, being able to lead more severe outcomes, such as cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma becoming an important public health problem. It has global distribution with areas of high endemicity, especially in Asian countries. The main agents involved are hepatitis A virus, B, C, D, E. The hepatitis B and C viruses stand out in the middle of a chronicling ability. As the transmission forms are basically through contact with infected body fluids, through blood transfusions, injecting drug use, vertical transmission, etc. METHODOLOGY: This is a review article, from the words "hepatitis B" and "Hepatitis C", was carried out by search for journals in databases: PubMed, Scielo, Portal Periodicos CAPES and Google academic. CONCLUSION: The hepatitis B and C can either be only a form of acute, or can be chronic. Therefore, the diagnosis is often late, since in the vast majority of cases it is oligosymptomatic or even asymptomatic. The diagnosis is made through serological tests and viral quantification through PCR. The treatment is basically with symptomatic, such as pegged interferon’s and nucleoside analogs.
Keywords: Viral hepatitis; Hepatitis B; Hepatitis C.
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Lima, Bruno Francisco Real de, Maria Cristina Waffae, Elizabeth Niglio de Figueiredo, Rosangela Filipinni, Maria Claudia De Brito Luz, Ligia Ajaime Azzalis, Virginia Berlanga Campos Junqueira, Fernando Luiz Affonso Fonseca, and Loide Corina Chaves. "Occupational Infection by the Hepatitis B Virus: Risk and Prevention Measures." Journal of Human Growth and Development 23, no. 2 (August 23, 2013): 184. http://dx.doi.org/10.7322/jhgd.61294.
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Resumo Introdução: a infecção pelo vírus da hepatite B (VHB) é um dos problemas mais sérios de saúde pública, em virtude do número elevado de pessoas infectadas por este agente etiológico. Objetivos: verificar o conhecimento apresentado pela equipe de enfermagem sobre o modo de transmissão do vírus da hepatite B (VHB) e os decorrentes agravos à saúde humana; Identificar o conhecimento da equipe de enfermagem sobre as medidas de prevenção utilizadas para evitar as infecções ocupacionais por este vírus e investigar a situação de imunização contra o VHB dos componentes da equipe de enfermagem. Método: estudo quantitativo realizado em 2008. A amostra foi composta por 38 componentes da equipe de enfermagem de um Hospital Público de Ensino do ABC paulista e, para a coleta de dados utilizou-se um formulário. Resultados: a transmissão sexual foi referida pela maior parte (24,57%) das respostas dos componentes da equipe de enfermagem, como modo de transmissão do VHB. O uso de equipamentos de proteção individual (EPI) foi citado por 41,54% destes profissionais como medida de prevenção para evitar a transmissão do VHB. Apenas 2,63% dos participantes referiram desconhecer algum caso de colega que já foi vítima de acidente com materiais perfuro cortantes. Todos os participantes deste estudo são imunizados contra o VHB. Conclusão: os profissionais deste estudo estão preparados quanto à utilização das precauções padrão.
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Minuk, GY, LE Nicolle, T. Gauthier, and J. Brunka. "Prevalence of Antibody to Hepatitis C Virus in an Isolated Canadian Inuit Settlement." Canadian Journal of Infectious Diseases 2, no. 2 (1991): 71–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/1991/750564.
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Sera from 720 inhabitants of Baker Lake, Northwest Territories, a community with high rates of hepatitis A and B infection, were tested for antibody to hepatitis C virus by commercial enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Only two individuals (0.3%) were positive, a 63-year-old female and an unrelated 10-year-old male. Neither individual was at increased risk of hepatitis C virus exposure. The results of this study indicate that hepatitis C virus infection is no more common in this northern Canadian Inuit settlement than it is in the blood donor population of southern Canada.
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Zhang, Jun, Shimian Zou, and Antonio Giulivi. "Epidemiology of Hepatitis B in Canada." Canadian Journal of Infectious Diseases 12, no. 6 (2001): 345–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2001/790915.
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OBJECTIVE:To provide a current and comprehensive review of the epidemiology of hepatitis B virus (HBV) in Canada.DATA SOURCES:Published and unpublished epidemiological studies and surveillance reports of the past decade, primarily from Canada were studied. Fifty reports addressing HBV surveillance, incidence and prevalence, transmission-associated risk factors, co-infections, and prevention strategies were reviewed.DATA SYNTHESIS:HBV infection is an important vaccine-preventable infectious disease in Canada. The incidence rate of clinically recognized, acute HBV infection in 1998/1999 was estimated to be 2.3/100,000 people or approximately 700 cases a year. The prevalence of HBV carriers is estimated to be 0.5% to 1.0% of the population, but varies substantially according to population-specific risk factors. Most acute HBV infections are associated with injection drug use or high risk heterosexual activities, but 20% to 30% of acute cases did not report any identified risk factors. Surveillance activities such as the National Notifiable Disease Reporting system provide information regarding trends and risk factors. The primary preventive strategy for HBV consists of universal immunization for preadolescents and/or infants. Other strategies, such as the universal prenatal screening and postnatal immunization, and the prevention of nosocomial acquistion, are also important. The recently described hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) escape mutants may not be detected by current HBsAg test assays, and the existing HBV vaccines may not protect vaccinees from infections by such mutants.CONCLUSION:Ongoing surveillance and research are required to assess risk factors for HBV transmission, evaluate the effectiveness of immunization programs and monitor the impact of HBsAg escape mutants.
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Chaudhary, RK, and Theresa Mo. "Antibody to Hepatitis C Virus in Risk Groups in Canada." Canadian Journal of Infectious Diseases 3, no. 1 (1992): 27–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/1992/710476.
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The prevalence of antibodies against hepatitis C virus (HCV) was studied in hemophiliacs, hemodialysis patients, intravenous drug abusers, female prisoners, homosexuals, individuals with no markers of recent hepatitis A or B virus infections and normal individuals (federal public servants), by an enzyme immunoassay (Ortho Diagnostic Systems Inc). Repeat positive samples were further tested by recombinant immunoblot assay (RIBA) HCV (Chiron Corp, California). The number of samples positive for antibodies to HCV (anti-HCV) was higher with enzyme immunoassay than byRIBAHCV in most cases. A high prevalence of anti-HCV was detected in hemophiliacs by both enzyme immunoassay (68.8%) andRIBAHCV (53.7%). Among intravenous drug abusers and female prisoners the prevalence rates for anti-HCV were 42.8% and 29.8%, respectively, byRIBAHCV; the results with enzyme immunoassay were only slightly higher. The prevalence rate was also high by both tests (54.2%) in hemodialysis patients’ sera taken during 1980–82, when many cases of non-A,non-B hepatitis were suspected in this group. In contrast, only 14.1% of sera taken during 1990 were positive byRIBAHCV. In individuals with no markers of recent hepatitis A or B infections, 13.4% were positive by enzyme immunoassay, whereas only 4.5% were reactive byRIBAHCV. The lowest prevalence was seen in homosexuals (2.3%) and normal individuals (1.2%) byRIBAHCV. These results indicate a high prevalence of anti-HCV in high risk groups tested in Canada.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Virus hepatite b canard"
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Germon, Stéphanie. "Utilisation du modèle de l'hépatite B du canard pour la détermination de l'activité antivirale du L-FMAU et l'étude de la biologie de mutants de résistance à la lamivudine." Lyon 1, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999LYO1T274.
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Borel, Christelle. "Étude de la relation entre le cycle cellulaire des hépatocytes et la réplication du virus de l'hépatite B du canard." Lyon 1, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998LYO1T246.
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Silva, Claudia da. "Infecção oculta pelo virus da hepatite B em pacientes com infecção cronica pelo virus da hepatite C." [s.n.], 2004. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/309351.
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Orientadores: Fernando Lopes Gonçales Junior, Neiva Sellan Lopes GonçalesDissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Ciencias Medicas
Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-04T02:42:56Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Silva_Claudiada_M.pdf: 5366361 bytes, checksum: e07618e3f3502fa067dd078ba533e4fd (MD5) Previous issue date: 2004
Resumo: A infecção pelo VHB em pacientes que não apresentam o antígeno de superficie do vírus da hepatite B (HBsAg) detectável pelos métodos usuais, é denominada de infecção oculta. Sua prevalência e significado clínico, não estão ainda, completamente esclarecidos. A proposta deste estudo foi o de investigar: a) a presença de infecção oculta pelo VHB em pacientes com infecção crônica pelo VHC; b) correlacionar a presença do DNA do VHB com fatores de riscos para aquisição da HVB e HVC ; c) correlacionar a presença do DNA do VHB com as alterações histológicas e hepáticas nos pacientes co- infectados pelo VHC e com a resposta ao tratamento da hepatite C. Foi utilizada a Reação em Cadeia da Polimerase para pesquisar o DNA do VHB em amostras de soro de 256 indivíduosHBsAg negativo e anti-HBc positivo: 150 eram doadores de sangue (100 eram anti-HBc isolado e 50 eram anti-HBc / anti-HBs positivo) e 106 eram pacientes com infecção crônica pelo vírus da hepatite C (HCV) (50 eram anti-HBc isolado e 56 eram anti-HBc / anti-HBs positivo). A prevalência da infecção oculta pelo VHB variou de 4% (6/150) nos doadores de sangue a 24% (12/50) nos pacientes com infecção crônica pelo VHC (anti-HBs negativo). A prevalência da infecção oculta pelo VHB em todos os pacientes co-infectados com o YHC foi de 14.2% (15/106). Foi observado que nos pacientes com infecção oculta pelo VHB, o anticorpo contra o antígeno de superficie do VHB (anti-HBs) não foi capaz de proteger os pacientes co-infectados pelo VHC (5,4, 3/56). Não houve correlação entre os diferentes genótipos do VHC e a presença de infecção oculta pelo VHB nem com o grau histológico de lesão hepática. A infecção oculta pelo VHB não influenciou na resposta ao interferon em pacientes com infecção crônica pelo VHC
Abstract: HBV infections in patients who lack levels of hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) are called occult infections. Their prevalence and clinical significance are not yet fully understood. The purpose of this study was to investigate: a) the prevalence ofHBV occult infection in patients with chronic HCV infection; b) to correlate the presence ofHBV DNA with risk factor to acquire HBV and HCV infection; c) to correlate the presence of HBV DNA in serum with histopathologic al terations and the response to interferon therapy in patients with chronic HCV infection. We used the polymerase chain reaction to search for HBV DNA in serum samples from 256 HBsAg negative and anti-HBc positives subjects: 150 were blood donors (100 were anti-HBc alone and 50 were anti-HBc / anti-HBs positive), 106 were patients with chronic hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection (50 were anti-HBc alone and 56 were anti-HBc / anti-HBs positive). The prevalence of HBV occult infection ranged from 4% (6/150) in blood donors to 24% (12/50) in patients with chronic HCV infection anti-HBc / anti-HBs negative. The prevalence of HBV occult in the totality of patients co-Ínfected with HCV was 14.2% (15/106). It was observed that in our patients with HBV occult infection the antibodies to anti-HBs was not able to protect the patients co-Ínfected with HCV (5.4, 3/56). There was not correlation between different genotypes and the presence HBV occult infection neither with the lesion histological grade. The HBV occult infection did not influence in the response to interferon therapy in the patients with chronic HCV infection
Mestrado
Ciencias Biomedicas
Mestre em Ciências Médicas
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BROSSART, MARC. "Traitement des hepatites chroniques actives a virus b par la vidarabine." Aix-Marseille 2, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988AIX20448.
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YELSCH, PHILIPPE. "Influence des virus du sida sur les profils serologiques des sujets infectes par le virus de l'hepatite." Limoges, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989LIMO0177.
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Lamballerie, Xavier de. "Etude moleculaire et serologique des virus des hepatites a, b et c." Aix-Marseille 2, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995AIX20653.
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Schorr, Olivier. "Régulation et inhibition de la formation de l'ADN superenroulé du virus de l'hépatite B du canard." Lyon 1, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002LYO10097.
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L'infection chronique par le virus de l'hépatite B (VHB) induit hépatites aigue͏̈s et chroniques pouvant entraîner une cirrhose et un carcinome hépatocellulaire. Les thérapies actuelles ont une efficacité insuffisante, elles inhibent la réplication virale mais n'éliminent pas complètement la matrice transcriptionnelle du virus, l'ADN superenroulé (ADN CCC), persistant dans le noyau des cellules infectées. Dans ce contexte nous avons essayé de comprendre le devenir de la forme superenroulée de l'ADN viral lorsque les cellules se divisent. Nous avons montré, en utilisant des cultures primaires d'hépatocytes d'embryons de canards infectés expérimentalement, que cette entrée des hépatocytes dans le cycle cellulaire va favoriser l'amplification initiale d'ADN CCC. Nous avons ensuite regardé si l'entrée dans le cycle cellulaire avait un effet sur la transcription virale. Dans notre modèle, nous n'avons pas mis en évidence d'effet direct de l'entrée dans le cycle cellulaire sur les taux d'ARN viral. Cette étude nous a permis de conclure que, après la division d'hépatocytes chroniquement infectés, les cellules filles sont porteuses des protéines virales de capside ; suggérant que ces hépatocytes restent infectés après leur division. Enfin, nous avons cherché à inhiber la formation initiale de l'ADN CCC avec un nouvel analogue de nucléoside, l'adéfovir. Ce travail montre qu'un traitement préventif par l'adéfovir permet de diminuer fortement la réplication virale, de manière plus efficace que la lamivudine, sans toutefois inhiber totalement l'infection des hépatocytes par le virus de l'hépatite B. Nous avons donc montré très clairement que la persistance du virus dans les cellules lors du turn-over des hépatocytes est un point clé expliquant l'échec de l'élimination totale du virus lors des traitements de l'infection par le VHB. Ce travail a aussi permis de mettre en évidence la grande efficacité d'un nouvel analogue de nucléoside très prometteur : l'adéfovir.
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Lambert, Véronique. "Le virus de l'hépatite B du canard : modèle expérimental pour l'étude de la biologie des infections par les hépadnavirus." Lyon 1, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992LYO1T255.
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Rollier, Christine. "Etude, à l'aide du virus de l'hépatite B du canard, de l'immunisation génétique pour la prévention et le traitement de l'hépatite B." Lyon 1, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000LYO10086.
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Les traitements actuels visant a inhiber la replication du virus de l'hepatite b (vhb) chez les patients chroniquement infectes, et ainsi a prevenir l'evolution des hepatites b chroniques vers l'hepatocarcinome, ont une efficacite insuffisante. Des donnees recentes suggerent que les approches immunotherapeutiques, et en particulier l'immunisation par adn nu ou vaccin genetique, pourraient etre particulierement interessantes pour le controle de l'infection chronique par le vhb. Cette nouvelle approche de vaccination est basee sur l'induction de puissantes reponses immunitaires par injection de l'adn exprimant une proteine antigenique virale. L'objectif de notre travail etait d'utiliser le modele du virus de l'hepatite b du canard (dhbv), etroitement apparente au vhb, afin d'evaluer l'efficacite de la vaccination genetique pour la protection et la therapie de l'hepatite b. Dans un premier temps, nous avons mis au point l'immunisation par adn nu de canards avec un plasmide codant pour la grande proteine d'enveloppe (l) du dhbv. Nos resultats montrent que l'immunisation d'animaux adultes non infectes avec ce plasmide induit une reponse humorale forte, specifique de la proteine l du dhbv, et capable de neutraliser le pouvoir infectieux du virus. De plus, les anticorps induits sont transmis verticalement de la cane immunisee aux canetons, via l'uf, et sont capables de les proteger contre une epreuve virulente par le dhbv. Dans un deuxieme temps, nous avons demontre que la combinaison de l'immunisation par adn avec la production d'anticorps dans les ufs permet d'obtenir rapidement des quantites tres importantes d'anticorps specifiques de l'enveloppe virale et neutralisants (brevet depose). De plus, l'immunisation d'animaux nouveau-nes par adn nu non seulement n'induit pas d'immunotolerance mais est egalement capable d'induire une reponse primaire memoire superieure a celle induite par l'immunisation avec une proteine recombinante. Enfin, l'immunotherapie par adn nu d'animaux chroniquement infectes par le dhbv induit une baisse de la replication virale chez tous les animaux traites, et meme dans quelques cas l'elimination de la forme d'adn viral superenroule intrahepatique responsable de la chronicite de l'infection. L'ensemble de ces resultats suggere que l'immunisation par adn pourrait representer la base de nouvelles approches protectrices et therapeutiques de l'infection par le vhb.
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MARCHAIS, DUPONT MARTINE. "Vaccination anti-virale b : etude epidemiologique au c.h.r. d'angers." Angers, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988ANGE1096.
Full textBook chapters on the topic "Virus hepatite b canard"
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Riddell, Anna, and Michael Millar. "Pregnancy-Associated Infections." In Tutorial Topics in Infection for the Combined Infection Training Programme. Oxford University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198801740.003.0048.
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An important consideration in pregnancy is the relationship between infection in the mother and the developing foetus. Infections can indirectly impact the foetus through effects on the mother, for example, maternal urinary tract infection is associated with preterm birth, or can infect the foetus. Routes of infection can be ascending from the birth canal through the cervical os, transplacentally, or rarely, contiguously. The effect on the mother is also important: pregnancy is considered an immunosuppressive state and the growing foetus causes significant mechanical and physiological changes. Although the first trimester is the key developmental phase for the growing foetus, during the third trimester the mother is more susceptible to severe respiratory infection and some viral infections such as varicella zoster virus (VZV), due to the mechanical changes produced by the growing foetus. There is a paucity of evidence supporting the safety of drugs in pregnancy. Use of any medicinal drug in pregnancy, including antibiotics, requires good reasons. The optimum choice of antibiotics depends on the trimester of the pregnancy. In general, beta-lactams are safe and tetracyclines should be avoided throughout pregnancy. Nitrofurantoin is safe until after thirty-five weeks gestation and trimethoprim should be avoided in the first trimester but is safe otherwise (perhaps with folic acid supplementation if < 20 weeks). Specific patterns of colonization and infection of the genitourinary tract can be associated with an increased risk of an adverse pregnancy outcome, particularly preterm birth. Sexually transmitted diseases such as gonorrhoea and chlamydia are associated with an increased risk of spontaneous preterm birth, which may extend to infection in the pre-conception period. Bacterial vaginosis is an abnormal pattern of vaginal colonization and is also linked with an increased risk of preterm birth. The US Center for Disease Control recommends screening all pregnant women for chlamydia, gonorrhoea, syphilis, HIV, and hepatitis B, symptomatic women for trichomonas and genital herpes, women considered at high risk of preterm birth for bacterial vaginosis, and women at high risk of blood-borne virus infection for hepatitis C. Treatment is administered to reduce the risk of an adverse pregnancy outcome (syphilis, gonorrhoea, chlamydia, trichomonas, and bacterial vaginosis) or to prevent transmission to the infant (herpes, HIV, hepatitis B, and C).
Conference papers on the topic "Virus hepatite b canard"
1
Evatt, B. L. "VIRUS INACTIVATION AND COAGULATION FACTOR PREPARATIONS." In XIth International Congress on Thrombosis and Haemostasis. Schattauer GmbH, 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0038-1644754.
Full textAbstract:
Nonheat-treated factor concentrates were used for the therapy of congenital and acquired coagulation deficiencies until 1984. These unheated factor crticentrates, which are manufactured from pooled plasma obtained from between 2500 and 25,000 blood or plasma donors, have been epidemiologically implicated in exposure of large numbers of hemophilia patients to several viral infections Including human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), hepatitis B, and non-A non-B hepatitis. Of these, HIV has been fdund to be very heat labile. After the introduction in 1984-85 of heat treatment of concentrates to reduce the risk of! hepatitis to recipients, several studies documented a lack of HIV serconversion in patients treated with clotting-fadtor concentrates. However, subsequent reports described a few hemophilia patients who had seroconverted to HIV! after receiving heat-treated concentrate from unscreened donors. To determine the significance of these seroconvers(ions, an international survey was conducted on 11 hemophilia treatment centers in Europe, Canada, and the United Kingdcpn whose total patient population comprised more than 2300 hemophilia A patients and 400 hemophilia B patients. Only three patients were found who seroconverted beyond a 6-month period after switching to heat-treated material, a(nd no seroconversions have occurred in these centers between November 1985 and February 1987. In addition no cases of seroconversion on donor screened heat-treated concentrate have been reported since its widespread introduction to the hemophilia patients during 1985-1986. Other modes of viral inactivation are currently being tested, and they appeiar to be effective in inactivating HIV and hepatitis B virus. Some of these methods have shown some promise for the inactivation of non-A and non-B hepatitis, but more data are needed for final assessment of these methods.
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Kurniati, Nurul. "Analysis of Factors and Management of Hepatitis B Virus Screening in Mothers and Infants: A Scoping Review." In The 7th International Conference on Public Health 2020. Masters Program in Public Health, Universitas Sebelas Maret, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.26911/the7thicph.03.67.
Full textAbstract:
ABSTRACT Background: The importance of screening for HBV infection is to identify the risk of perinatal transmission from infected mothers. People infected with HBV during infancy or childhood are more likely to suffer chronic infection to cirrhosis of the liver and liver cancer. Early detection and prompt treatment are essential for HBV infection. This study aimed to review the factors and management of hepatitis B virus screening in mothers and infants. Subjects and Method: A scoping review method was conducted in eight stages including (1) Identification of study problems; (2) Determining priority problem and study question; (3) Determining framework; (4) Literature searching; (5) Article selection; (6) Critical appraisal; (7) Data extraction; and (8) Mapping. The search included PubMed, ScienceDirect, Wiley Online Library, and Scopus databases. The inclusion criteria were English/ Indonesian-language and full-text articles (scoping review, meta-analysis, systematic review)/ documents/ reports/ policy brief/ guidelines from WHO/ other organizations published between 2009 and 2019. The data were selected by the PRISMA flow chart. Results: The searched database obtained a total of 27.862 articles. After screening, 27.325 articles were excluded because of unmet the inclusion criteria. After conducting critical appraisal for the remaining 537 articles, only 11 articles were eligible for further review. The selected articles obtained from developing countries (China, South Africa, and Tanzania) and developed countries (Netherlands, Japan, Denmark, Northern Europe, and Canada) with quantitative studies design (cross-sectional, case series, and cohort) met the inclusion criteria. The findings emphasized on four main topics around hepatitis B virus screening in mothers and infants, namely demographic factors, risk factors, post-screening benefit, and challenges in screening uptake. Conclusion: Early detection of HBV infection with prenatal screening reduce the HBV prenatal transmission, especially from infected pregnancy. Screening plays an important role in the administration of universal infant HBV vaccination and postexposure prophylaxis with hepatitis B immune globulin (HBIG) at birth. Keywords: pregnant women, hepatitis B virus, perinatal transmission, screening Correspondence: Setianingsih. Universitas ‘Aisyiyah Yogyakarta. Jl. Siliwangi (Ringroad Barat) No. 63, Nogotirto, Gamping, Sleman, Yogyakarta, 55292. Email: nsetia580@gmail.com. Mobile: 082242081295. DOI: https://doi.org/10.26911/the7thicph.03.67