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Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Virus Retroviridae'

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1

Dirks, Clarissa A. "The role of cellular factors in retrovirus replication /." Thesis, Connect to this title online; UW restricted, 2001. http://hdl.handle.net/1773/5072.

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2

Murray, Shannon. "Foamy virus-host interactions /." Thesis, Connect to this title online; UW restricted, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/1773/4987.

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3

Boomer, Sarah M. "The evolution of host range and receptor determinants for subgroup B feline leukemia viruses /." Thesis, Connect to this title online; UW restricted, 1996. http://hdl.handle.net/1773/11513.

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4

Caleiro, Giovana Santos. "Investigação da presença do retrovírus da Reticuloendoteliose aviária (REV) e do anticorpo IgG do vírus Oeste do Nilo (WNV) em aves." Universidade de São Paulo, 2018. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/99/99131/tde-04092018-090320/.

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As aves podem carregar um grande número de patógenos. As aves migratórias, por viajarem longas distâncias, são as principais responsáveis pela disseminação de agentes infecciosos. Entre os agentes, destacam-se os vírus, como por exemplo o retrovírus da Reticuloendoteliose aviária (REV), amplamente distribuído; e o vírus da febre do Oeste do Nilo (WNV), uma virose reemergente, com caráter zoonótico. Os principais sintomas da Reticuloendoteliose aviária incluem anemia, doença de Runting e síndrome não neoplásica aguda. Já o agente etiológico da Febre do Nilo Ocidental, é o Flavivirus West Nile (WNV).. As aves são seus hospedeiros definitivos e os humanos são hospedeiros acidentais, podendo manifestar quadro febril, e em menor porcentagem, meningite e encefalite. Mosquitos dos gêneros Culex e Aedes spp são os principais transmissores do vírus. Ao contrário do REV que não dispõe de evidências de sua circulação no Brasil, há evidências do WNV em aves e equinos e mais recentemente, em humanos. O objetivo desse trabalho foi investigar a presença do REV e do WNV em aves silvestres e de cativeiro da cidade de São Paulo e do Norte do estado do Pará. Sangue, soro e swab de cloaca foram coletados, totalizando mais de 1000 amostras. Através de técnicas moleculares foi possível detectar a presença do REV em 74 amostras (16%), todas do estado do Pará. O sequenciamento parcial dessas amostras e sua filogenia sugeriu que a migração de aves EUA-Brasil possa ter sido a rota utilizada. Através de ELISA anti-IgG de WNV, 4 amostras de São Paulo foram positivas. Apresentamos a primeira evidência do REV no país e sugerimos a presença do WNV no estado de São Paulo.
Birds can carry a large number of pathogens. The migratory birds are most responsible for the spread of infectious agents due to long distance travels. Among these pathogens, the most notable are viruses, such as the avian Reticuloendotheliosis retrovirus (REV), widely distributed; and the West Nile virus (WNV), a reemerging zoonotic disease. The main symptoms of avian reticuloendotheliosis include anemia, Runting\'s disease and acute nonneoplastic syndrome. The etiological agent of West Nile fever is Flavivirus West Nile (WNV). Birds are their definitive hosts and humans are accidental hosts, which generaly present febrile symptoms, but at less proportion,, meningitis and encephalitis. Mosquitoes of the genus Culex and Aedes spp are the main vectors of the virus. Differently from the REV that has no evidence of its circulation in Brazil, there is evidence of WNV in birds and horses and more recently in humans. The objective of this work was to investigate the presence of REV and WNV in wild birds and captive birds from the city of São Paulo and Northern from Pará State. Blood, serum and cloacal swab were collected, resulting in more than 1000 samples. Through molecular techniques it was possible to detect the presence of REV in 74 samples (16%), all from the State of Pará. The partial sequencing of these samples and their phylogeny suggested that the migration of US-Brazil may have been the route for the virus entry. Through anti-WNV IgG ELISA, 4 samples from São Paulo were positive. We present the first evidence of REV in the country and suggest the presence of WNV in the state of São Paulo.
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5

Meiering, Christopher David. "The complexity of persistent foamy virus infection /." Thesis, Connect to this title online; UW restricted, 2002. http://hdl.handle.net/1773/11527.

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6

Boulton, Victoria J. "An investigation into the effect of myristoylation on the interactions between HIV-1 NEF and cellular proteins." Thesis, University of Glasgow, 1998. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.244253.

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7

Bagalb, Hussein Saeed. "Cellular and molecular biological studies of a retroviral induced lymphoma transmitted via breast milk in a mouse model." Connect to full text in OhioLINK ETD Center, 2008. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc%5Fnum=mco1225294363.

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Thesis (M.S.)--University of Toledo, 2008.
"In partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Science in Biomedical Sciences." Title from title page of PDF document. Bibliography: pages 82-88, 111-116.
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8

Cheynier, Rémi. "Electrotransfection de cellules eucaryotes : expression du retrovirus hiv par des cellules lymphoides humaines apres electrotransfection." Paris 6, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987PA066046.

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9

Van, Hoeven Neal Scott. "The role of cellular factors in modulation of entry by ovine betaretroviruses and murine gammaretroviruses /." Thesis, Connect to this title online; UW restricted, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/1773/5102.

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10

Kabdulov, Timur O. "Mechanisms of retroviral replication." Morgantown, W. Va. : [West Virginia University Libraries], 2001. https://etd.wvu.edu/etd/controller.jsp?moduleName=documentdata&jsp%5FetdId=2256.

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11

Prats, Anne-Catherine. "Etude de l'expression genetique et de la constitution des particules virales infectieuses chez le retrovirus murin mulv." Toulouse 3, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988TOU30172.

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12

Fratini, Paula. "Expressão do vetor retroviral pCLPG medido em receptores de transplante de medula óssea." Universidade de São Paulo, 2009. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/87/87131/tde-13082009-103143/.

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O vetor retroviral é uma ferramenta de transferência gênica largamente utilizada em ensaios de laboratório e em protocolos clínicos. Nosso laboratório desenvolveu um novo vetor, chamado pCLPG, com expressão viral sob comando de p53, um supressor de tumor e um ativador indutível de transcrição, com alvo de estabelecer um vetor com alta expressão. O sistema pCLPG demonstrou um nível de expressão superior ao vetor não modificado em ensaios em cultura de células. Neste projeto, nosso objetivo foi caracterizar a expressão do vetor pCLPG in vivo, utilizando um modelo animal de transdução de células da medula óssea (CMO) do camundongo C57BL/6 seguido por transplante em animais recipientes previamente irradiados para abolir o sistema hematopoiético. Visando observar a expressão sustentada do transgene in vivo, padronizamos o transplante de CMO seriado, transdução do vetor retroviral, realizamos análise do gene repórter eGFP por citometria de fluxo e análise por real time PCR, além da observação de outros tecidos como baço, timo, sangue periférico. Realizamos também analises hematológicas nos animais transplantados para observação de possíveis efeitos adversos relacioanados com a presença do retrovírus. Com estes ensaios não foi observado uma diferença significante entre o desempenho do vetor parental pCLeGFP e o pCLPGeGFP. Tanto o número de células eGFP positivas quanto a expressão do gene repórter diminuíram ao longo do processo de transplante seriado. Expressão foi observada em 3-4%, 2-3% ou 2-3% das celulas recuperadas da medula ossea dos recipientes primários, secundários ou terciários de CMO transduzida com o vetor pCLeGFP, mas não no sangue periférico, timo ou baço. Semelhantemente, células eGFP-positivas (6-7%, 4-4,5% ou 3-3,5%) foram observadas após transplante seriado somente na medula óssea de animais recipientes de CMO transduzida com o vetor pCLPGeGFP. Entretanto, sangue periférico foi recuperado dos recipientes e tratado com 5-asacitidina, proporcionando a indução de expressão de eGFP a partir de ambos os vetores em aproximadamente 4% das células, implicando que o silenciamento viral poderia estar relacionado com processos de metilação. Este estudo demonstrou que as modificações no promotor do vetor pCLPG não foram suficientes para evitar silenciamento de expressão viral no modelo utilizado.
The retroviral vector is a widely used gene transfer tool in both laboratory assays and clinical trials. Our laboratory developed a new vector, called pCLPG, with viral expression under the command of p53, a tumor suppressor and inducible activator of transcription, with the aim of establishing a vector with high level expression. The level of expression offered by the pCLPG system was superior to the non-modified vector in cell culture assays. In this project, our objective was to characterize the expression of the pCLPG vector in vivo utilizing an animal model where bone marrow cells (BMC) from C57BL/6 mice are transduced and then transplanted in recipient animals that have been previously irradiated in order to abolish the hematopoietic system. With the aim of observing sustained transgene expression in vivo, we standardized serial BMC transplantation, transduction with retroviral vectors and analyzed the eGFP reporter gene by flow cytometry and real time PCR, and also studied other tissues, such as spleen, thymus and peripheral blood. We also performed hematologic analyses in the transplanted animals in to observe possible adverse events related to the presence of the retrovirus.These assays did not reveal a significant difference between the performances of the parental pCLeGFP vector and pCLPGeGFP. Both the number of eGFP-positive cells and the intensity of reporter gene expression diminished during the serial transplant process. Expression was observed in 3-4%, 2-3% or 2-3% of cells recovered from bone marrow of the primary, secondary or terciary recipients of BMC transduced with the pCLeGFP vector, but not in peripheral blood, thymus or spleen. Similarly, eGFP-positive cells (6-7%, 4-4.5% or 3-3.5%) were observed after serial transplantation only in the bone marrow of animals that received BMC transduced with the pCLPGeGFP vector. However, peripheral blood was recovered from recipients and treated with 5-azacytidine, inducing the expression of eGFP from both vectors in approximately 4% of these cells, implying that viral silencing may have been related with methylation. This study demonstrated that the modifications in the promoter of the pCLPG vector were not sufficient to avoid silencing of viral expression in this model.
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13

Loiler, Scott A. "In Vitro and in vivo Studies of Murine Polytropic Retrovirus Infections: a Dissertation." eScholarship@UMMS, 2000. https://escholarship.umassmed.edu/gsbs_diss/119.

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Murine leukemia viruses (MuLV) are retroviruses that play important roles in the study of oncogenes, integration, transcriptional regulation and gene therapy. Mink cell focus-inducing (MCF) viruses are polytropic MuLVs that by definition infect cells from a wide variety of species. Their ability to infect human cells and their utility as gene therapy vectors were not well characterized. To address this issue, primary and immortalized human cells were tested for their ability to be infected by MCF packaged defective vectors as well as replication competent MCF virus. A new packaging cell line, called MPAC, was created to package defective retroviral vectors in virus particles with envelope proteins derived from a Moloney mink cell focus-inducing (Mo-MCF) virus. The cellular tropism of MPAC-packaged retroviral vectors was the same as replication competent MCF viruses. Testing various established cell lines showed some human cell lines could be infected with MPAC-packaged vectors while others cannot. In addition, I show that some human cells fully support MCF virus replication while others either partially or fully restrict MCF virus replication. This indicates that some human cells express a protein on their surface that acts as a receptor for MCF viruses and allows MCF viral entry. In addition, the human cells that express a receptor for MCF viral entry did not show any further block to viral replication. An important determinant in the pathogenic phenotype of MCF 247 has been mapped to the enhancer region of the retroviral long terminal repeat (LTR). Recombination of endogenous genetic elements with the 3' portion of envoccurs and incorporates unique LTR sequences. Most strongly pathogenic MCF viruses have a duplication of the enhancer element found in the LTR. AKR mice are an inbred strain of mice that develop spontaneous T-cell lymphomas between 6 and 12 months of age. 12-25 % of MCF induced early lymphomas of AKR mice show MCF viral integration's near c-myc in an opposite transcriptional orientation. A replication competent MCF virus containing a bacterial amber suppressor tRNA gene (supF) was used to investigate the changes in the enhancer region following injection of MCF containing one enhancer in the LTR. Newborn AKR mice were injected with the supF tagged replication competent virus and observed for signs of leukemia development (ruffled fur, lethargy, and tumor development). When these signs were detected, the animals were sacrificed and DNA was prepared from the isolated tumors. Thirty-one tumors DNA were analyzed for the presence of supF tagged virus and rearrangement of the c-myc locus. Nine supF tagged proviral LTRs integrated near c-myc from four animals were PCR amplified, sequenced, and/or cloned. All of the enhancer elements analyzed were derived from proviruses that integrated in a reverse orientation with respect to c-myc locus. Two of the isolated enhancer elements contained only a few base changes whereas the majority contained duplications of different sizes that encompassed different transcription factor binding sites. The duplicated enhancer regions contained duplications from 82-134 bp in length. One tumor contained a proviral enhancer with only 5 bp changes relative to the injected virus. This suggests that the enhancers need only a few specific base changes relative to the injected virus to accelerate leukemogenesis. The other three tumors contained proviral enhancers with various size duplications and additional transcription factor binding sites. These data suggest that the injected virus is not pathogenic unless the enhancer region is altered. One proviral integration site encompassing a duplicated enhancer region and 139 bp of the c-myc gene locus was PCR amplified, cloned and sequenced. A search of the current transcription factor database (Transfac 3.3) showed no known transcription factor binding site sequences were created at the junction of the enhancer duplications. The common motif of LVb, core NF-1, and GRE transcription factor binding sites, described by Golemis at al (57), was conserved throughout the isolated enhancers. Most of the enhancer elements contained additional NF-кB and/or GRE sites in close proximity to the conserved LVb-core region. These results support the hypothesis that additional NF-кB and/or GRE binding sites cooperatively interact with the conserved GRE-NF-1-LVb-core motif in c-myc induced leukemogenesis. In addition, two unique families of enhancer duplications were identified. The two families contained enhancers isolated from different tumors that displayed sequence homology and transcription factor binding site organization unique to each group.
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14

Svarovskaia, Evguenia S. "Structural determinants of murine leukemia virus reverse transcriptase that are important for template switching, fidelity, and drug-resistance." Morgantown, W. Va. : [West Virginia University Libraries], 2000. http://etd.wvu.edu/templates/showETD.cfm?recnum=1538.

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Thesis (Ph. D.)--West Virginia University, 2000.
Title from document title page. Document formatted into pages; contains xi, 185 p. : ill. (some col.). Vita. Includes abstract. Includes bibliographical references.
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15

Gaudray, Gilles. "Implication de l'hétérodimérisation de CREB-2 dans la régulation de la transcription du génome du virus de la leucémie T humaine de type-I, HTLV-I." Montpellier 1, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003MON1T010.

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LES FACTEURS DE TRANSCRIPTION DE TYPE bZIP, QUI COMPORTENT UN DOMAINE BASIQUE EN AMONT D'UNE STRUCTURE EN LEUCINE ZIPPER, SONT DES PROTEINES LARGEMENT REPANDUES DANS LES CELLULES EUCARYOTES. CES PROTEINES SONT IMPLIQUEES DANS LE CONTROLE DE LA TRANSCRIPTION CELLULAIRE. LORS DE LEUR EVOLUTION, LES VIRUS ONT DEVELOPPE DES PROTEINES PARTICULIERES DONT LE ROLE EST DE DETOURNER CES FACTEURS bZIP DE LEUR FONCTION, AU PROFIT DU CYCLE VIRAL. PARMI CES PROTEINES VIRALES, LA PROTEINE TAX DU VIRUS DE LA LEUCEMIE T HUMAINE DE TYPE I (HTLV-I) NE SE POSITIONNE PAS DIRECTEMENT SUR L'ADN. DES ETUDES RECENTES ONT MONTRE QUE TAX RECRUTAIT EN PARTICULIER LE FACTEUR bZIP CELLULAIRE CREB-2 AU NIVEAU DU PROMOTEUR VIRAL. OR, CREB-2, DANS UNE CELLULE SAINE, EST PLUTOT CONNU POUR S'HETERODIMERISER. LORS DE NOTRE ETUDE, NOUS AVONS CARACTERISE UN NOUVEAU FACTEUR bZIP, HBZ (HTLV-I bZIP FACTOR), CODE PAR LE BRIN COMPLEMENTAIRE DU GENOME DU HTLV-I. NOUS AVONS MONTRE QUE HBZ ET LE FACTEUR bZIP CELLULAIRE CHOP DIMERISENT TOUS LES DEUX AVEC CREB-2. CETTE DIMERISATION A POUR EFFET DE REPRIMER LA TRANSCRIPTION VIRALE, EN EMPECHANT CREB-2 DE SE POSITIONNER AU NIVEAU DU LTR (LONG TERMINAL REPEAT) DU HTLV-I. NOTRE ETUDE A EGALEMENT MONTRE QUE C/EBPß REPRIME LA TRANSCRIPTION VIRALE DEPENDANTE DE TAX, EN EMPECHANT, PAR INTERACTION DIRECTE, TAX DE SE POSITIONNER AU NIVEAU DU LTR VIRAL. IL SEMBLE QUE L'HETERODIMERISATION DE CREB-2 SOIT UN MOYEN EFFICACE DE CONTROLER LA TRANSCRIPTION VIRALE. CELA POURRAIT PERMETTRE DE COMPRENDRE LA PHASE DE LATENCE DU HTLV-I.
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16

Freimanis, Graham L. "The detection and role of human endogenous retrovirus K (HML-2) in rheumatoid arthritis." Thesis, University of Wolverhampton, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/2436/41777.

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Human endogenous retroviruses are the remnants of ancient retroviral infections present within our genome. These molecular fossils show similarities with present day exogenous retroviruses but act as typical Mendelian elements that are passed vertically between generations. Despite being repeatedly linked to a number of autoimmune diseases and disorders, no conclusive proof has been identified. Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is one such disease which has been associated with an increase in HERV expression, compared to controls. In order to elucidate a clear role for HERVs in RA pathogenesis, autoantigens implicated in disease pathogenesis were scanned for sequence homology to retroviral genes. Such epitopes would induce antibodies cross reactive with host proteins, resulting in disease. Short peptides mimicking these regions were synthesised and the prevalence of anti-HERV antibodies was determined in RA patients and disease controls. Additionally, a novel real-time Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) assay was developed to accurately quantify levels of HERV-K (HML-2) gag expression, relative to normalised levels of housekeeping gene expression. Both serological and molecular assays showed significant increases in HERV-K (HML-2) activity in RA patients compared to disease controls with CD4+ lymphocytes harbouring the highest activity. The real-time assay was also used to determine whether factors within the synovium could modulate HERVs, resulting in their upregulation. Exogenous viral protein expression and pro-inflammatory cytokines were shown to exert a significant modulatory effect over HERV-K (HML-2) transcription. From this data, it is clear that RA patients have increased levels of HERV-K (HML-2) gag activity compared to controls. Despite this it is likely that factors within the synovium such as exogenous viral expression and pro-inflammatory cytokines also influence HERV-K (HML-2) transcription possibly contributing to a role of bystander activation, i.e. being influenced by external factors, rather than actively contributing to disease processes. The exact role of HERVs in RA pathology remains elusive; however this research proposes several mechanisms by which HERV-K (HML-2) may contribute to disease.
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17

Piver, Eric. "Mobilisation hétérologue de vecteurs dérivés du virus de la forêt de Semliki." Tours, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006TOUR3314.

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L’utilisation clinique de vecteurs viraux, pour une approche thérapeutique par transfert de gènes, impose la mise en œuvre de procédures de productions à grande échelle, dont il faut s’assurer qu’elles soient exemptes de contaminants compétents pour la réplication. Les réplicons dérivés du virus de la forêt de Semliki (SFV) sont utilisés pour leur capacité à induire la forte production d’un transgène. La biologie de ces vecteurs, qui induisent une apoptose des cellules cible, les a naturellement orientés vers des applications dans le traitement des cancers ou le développement des vaccins. La production de particules SFV recombinantes s’appuie sur la tri-transfection, d’un réplicon codant le gène d’intérêt et les gènes structuraux répartis sur deux réplicons. L’existence de séquences identiques entre les différents réplicons, associée à l’intense production d’ARN, concoure à l’émergence de particules autonomes indésirables, par le biais d’événements de recombinaison. Pour obtenir des conditions de biosécurité optimales, nous avons construit un vecteur SFV qui serait mobilisable par une particule hétérologue. Les caractéristiques biologiques des rétrovirus, communauté moléculaire du génome et spécificité souple d’encapsidation des messagers, nous ont conduit à évaluer la capacité de mobilisation rétrovirale d’un vecteur SFV. Ceci nous a permis de montrer que les particules rétrovirales recombinantes obtenues grâce aux réplicons SFV avaient un contenu génétiquement hétérogène, formé d’ARN rétroviraux et Semliki. Au cours de ces études, nous avons également pu démontrer que l’expression de la glycoprotéine d’enveloppe du virus de la stomatite vésiculeuse (VSV-G), sans autre protéine de structure, offrait la possibilité de mobiliser le vecteur SFV au sein de pseudo-particules. Le succès de la mobilisation a été tempéré par la faiblesse des titres de vecteurs que l’on obtenait. Aussi, avons-nous entrepris d’étudier les mécanismes cellulaires de l’assemblage des pseudo-particules SFV. Nous avons en particulier étudié le rôle des signaux d’adressage membranaires, à type d’acylation portées par les protéines du SFV et les protéines rétrovirales, sur la localisation cellulaire et le bourgeonnement des vecteurs. Nos résultats confirment la pertinence du système de mobilisation hétérologue. Dans une perspective d’optimisation, nous explorons l’extinction des voies d’activation de la réponse immunitaire innée, qui est fortement activée au cours de la réplication de SFV. Nous avons ciblé dans cette voie, les effecteurs de l’Interféron, la RNase L et la protéine kinase dépendante des ARNdb (PKR).
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18

Clerc, Isabelle. "Etude de la transcription antisens et fonctions des protéines associées chez les virus HTLV et VIH-1." Montpellier 1, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009MON1T021.

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Le génome rétroviral existe sous deux formes : l'une sous forme d'ARN simple brin en cours de traduction ou encapsidé, l'autre sous forme d'ADN double brin intégré dans le génome de la cellule hôte infectée. Cette dernière forme, appelée ADN proviral, est essentielle pour la production des ARNm viraux nécessaires à la synthèse des différentes protéines virales impliquant la région promotrice localisée dans son extrémité LTR5' (Long Terminal Repeat). L'ADN proviral possède aussi un second LTR situé à son extrémité 3', capable de réguler la transcription dite "antisens". Dans le cas du virus "Human T-cell Leukemia Virus type 1" (HTLV-1), cette transcription antisens est impliquée dans la production d'un facteur de transcription à domaine bZIP appelé HBZ pour "HTLV-1 bZIP factor". Nous démontrons ici que HBZ inhibe l'activité transcriptionnelle de c-Jun in vivo en le séquestrant dans les corps nucléaires. En outre, nous démontrons que HBZ interagit avec CBP/p300 et que cette interaction interfère avec la capacité de Tax à lier CBP/p300, inhibant de ce fait l'association des co-activateurs avec le promoteur viral. Ces résultats confirment le rôle de HBZ dans la persistance du virus au sein de l'individu infecté par contrôle négatif de l'expression virale. Nous avons aussi accumulé des résultats démontrant l'existence de transcrits antisens chez HTLV-2 et VIH-1. En outre, nos données présentent des preuves solides de l'existence de protéines codées par ces transcrits. Sur la base de ces résultats, notre hypothèse est que la transcription antisens est impliquée dans la production de protéines virales qui possèdent d'importantes fonctions dans le cycle de vie des rétrovirus
Genome of retrovirus exists in two different forms : either as a simngle stranded RNA being translated or encapsidated, or as a double stranded DNA integrated in the genome of the infected host cell. This latter form, also termed proviral DNA, is crucial for the production of all viral mRNAs necessary for the synthesis of the various viral proteins, which in turn involves the promoter region localised in the 5'LTR (Long Terminal Repeat). However, proviral DNA also possesses a second LTR as its 3' end, capable of regulating a type of trnascription known as antisense. Interestingly, in the case of the Human T-cell Leukemia Virus type 1 (HTLV-1), this antisense transcription is involved in the production of a bZIP-containing transcription factor termed HBZ for HTLV-1 bZIP factor. We demonstrate here that HBZ inhibits c-Jun transcriptional activity in vivo by sequestration of c-Jun to nuclear bodies. In addition, we show that HBZ interacts with p300/CBP and provide evidence that this interaction interferes with the ability of Tax to bind p300/CBP and thereby inhibits the association of the coactivators with the viral promoter. These results support a role for HBZ in facilitating HTLV-1 persistence in the infected host by negatively controlling viral expression. We have also accumulated new results demonstrating that antisense transcripts exist in HTLV-2 and HIV-1. Furthermore, our data present strong evidence for the existence of encoded proteins from these antisense transcripts. On the basis of these interesting results, our hypothesis is that antisense transcription is involved in the production of viral proteins with important functions in the retroviral life cycle
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SONGO, PIERRE. "Sida : analyse genomique des retrovirus hiv 1 et 2, siv, visna et mpmv." Paris 7, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988PA077157.

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20

Lambert, Caroline. "Les anticorps neutralisants contre l'infection des virus foamy simiens chez l'homme." Thesis, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016USPCC328/document.

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Les virus foamy simiens (VFS) sont la troisième famille des rétrovirus complexes exogènes infectant l'Homme. Ces virus, zoonotique, sont transmis par des fluides biologiques (principalement la salive), lors d'un contact direct entre un individu et un singe infecté. Ils établissent une infection chronique chez l'hôte infecté. À ce jour, aucune pathologie n'a été associée à au cas d'infections humaines par le VFS, et aucun cas de transmission secondaire n'a été rapporté dans la population. L'infection VFS représente un modèle naturel de la restriction de l'émergence d'un rétrovirus simien chez l'Homme. Lors de ma thèse, j'ai caractérisé la réponse humorale contre les VFS chez des personnes vivant au Cameroun ou au Gal infectées suite à des morsures lors d'épisodes de chasse. J'ai montré la présence d'anticorps neutralisants les VFS dans 48 sujets infectés, à des titres élevés. La population étudiée est infectée par des virus de deux génotypes qui diffèrent dans le domaine central de la protéine impliqué dans la liaison au récepteur cellulaire. J'ai montré des réponses neutralisantes spécifiques de chaque génotype des sujets étudiés et des réactivités croisées chez 40% d'entre-eux. Parmi ces derniers, la moitié est infectée par deux souches virales. En conclusion, mon travail de thèse est la première caractérisation des anticorps neutralisants chez des personnes infectées chroniquement par un VFS zoonotique : ces anticorps sont fréquemment détectés, à des titres élevés et sont dirigés contre des épitopes conservés entre les VFS de chimpanzé et de gorille
Simian foamy virus (SFV) are the third family of exogenous complex retroviruses infecting humans. These viruses, of origins, are transmitted by body fluids (mainly saliva), through a direct contact between an individual and an infected m establish a chronic infection in the infected human host. To date, neither pathology, nor secondary transmission has be to be associated with SFV infection in humans. Therefore, SFV represents a natural model of restriction emerging simiar in humans. During my PhD, I characterized the humoral response against SFV in people living in Cameroon and Gabon, mainly infected bites during hunting episodes. I showed the presence of SFV neutralizing antibodies in the plasma of 48 infected individ titers. Our study population is infected with viruses of 2 different genotypes, which differ in the central region of the En region involved in binding to the cellular receptor.While in 60% of cases, neutralizing response was specific to a single genotype, 40% of cases showed cross-reactivity. Cr( was associated in 50% of cases with co-infection with viruses from both genotypes.In conclusion, my PhD is the first study to characterize neutralizing antibodies in individuals chronically infected with a zoonotic SFV : these antibodies are frequently detected at high titers and are directed against epitopes commonly found in chimpanzee and gorilla SFV
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21

Bruland, Torunn. "Studies of early retrovirus-host interactions. Viral determinants for pathogenesis and the influence of sex on the susceptibility to Friend murine leukaemia virus infection." Doctoral thesis, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Faculty of Medicine, 2003. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:no:ntnu:diva-534.

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The studies in the present thesis sought to define virus and host factors that can influence on the susceptibility to murine retrovirus infection. In addition, we wanted to study possible correlations between events of early infection and subsequent disease progression. For an extensive discussion of the major findings, the reader is referred to papers I-IV. The following section will give a general discussion concerning 1) some methodological aspects; 2) the course of FIS-2 infection; 3) determinants responsible for erythroleukaemia; 4) determinants responsible for immunosuppression; and, 5) does sex matter?

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22

Gachon, Frédéric. "Régulation de la transcription par l'oncoprotéine Tax de HTLV-I." Montpellier 1, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001MON1T007.

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Les virus ont developpe au cours de leur evolution differentes strategies permettant d'utiliser les fonctions de leur cellule hote dans le but de permettre leur replication. Cependant, ce detournement des fonctions cellulaires de l'hote entraine une levee des systemes de regulation pouvant conduire a la transformation de la cellule. C'est la principale raison de l'effet oncogenique des virus. Htlv-i (human t-cell leukemia virus type i) est un bon representant de ces virus utilisant la machinerie cellulaire pour permettre sa propre replication. Cette fonction est principalement due a sa proteine transactivatrice tax. Au cours de mes recherches il a ete mis en evidence l'interaction entre tax et le facteur de transcription cellulaire creb-2. [. . . ] ce mecanisme fait intervenir d'autres facteurs cellulaires comme l'acetyltransferase cbp (creb binding protein) et pourrait egalement permettre a tax d'activer de facon anarchique l'expression de genes cellulaires regules par creb-2. Enfin, la capacite de creb-2 a former des heterodimeres avec d'autres proteines de type bzip peut reguler cette activation par tax puisqu'il semble que seul l'homodimere de creb-2 puisse activer la transcription en cooperation avec tax. Cette etude a donc permis de caracteriser les mecanismes utilises par tax pour reguler la transcription par l'intermediaire de creb-2, et ainsi de contribuer a la comprehension du mecanisme conduisant au potentiel oncogenique de htlv-i.
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23

Le, Bousse-Kerdiles Caroline. "Etude physiopathologique du syndrome myeloproliferatif provoque par le virus sarcomatogene myeloproliferatif murin : mise en evidence d'une activite stimulant la proliferation et la differenciation des cellules souches hematopoietiques pluripotentes." Paris 7, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987PA077220.

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24

Djilali, Soufiane. "L'infection experimentale du mouton par le virus leucemogene bovin : etude immuno-hematologique, pathologique et virologique." Paris 6, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988PA066208.

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25

Souyri-Caporale, Michèle. "Etude du pouvoir tumorigene de l'oncogene n-ras." Paris 7, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987PA077083.

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26

Voronin, Yegor A. "Investigation of initiation of reverse transcription in retroviruses using vectors with two primer-binding sites." Morgantown, W. Va. : [West Virginia University Libraries], 2003. http://etd.wvu.edu/templates/showETD.cfm?recnum=3136.

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27

Gollan, Timothy J. "Altering the Tropism of Retroviral Vectors For In Vivo Gene Therapy: Pseudotyped Virus Targeting by Ligand-Receptor Interactions: A Dissertation." eScholarship@UMMS, 2002. http://escholarship.umassmed.edu/gsbs_diss/226.

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A potential approach to in vivo gene therapy is to target retrovirus to specific receptors through a ligand-receptor interaction. Previous studies have placed a ligand at or close to the N-terminus of the ecotropic Moloney murine leukemia virus envelope and require co-expression of a wild type envelope on the pseudotyped virus for successful transduction of human cells. In this study, over forty chimeric envelopes were generated, which have single or multiple insertions of a 13 or 21 amino acid RGD containing sequence, flanked by cysteine residues, that target the cellular integrin receptors (Chapter III). Virus displaying only the chimeric envelopes was generated from packaging cell lines that express the gag and pol genes. Many of the mutant envelopes demonstrated the formation of syncytia when they were transfected into the XC indicator cell line, which is frequently used to determine envelope binding and fusion capabilities. Pseudotyped virus for several of the chimeric envelopes, transduced both NIH 3T3 mouse fibroblasts and human A375 melanoma cells. Ligands placed in the N-terminal region, within the VRA variable domain, and close to the N-terminus of the proline-rich region (PRR), demonstrated transduction into human melanoma cells. Ligands placed within the PRR and the C-terminus of the envelope did not demonstrate transduction into melanoma cells, although host cell transduction was demonstrated. Pseudotyped virus expressing an RGE containing target sequence, replacing the RGD sequence, had significantly lower transduction efficiency of melanoma cells. These data indicate that the MLV envelope tropism can be altered by insertion of short ligands at various locations throughout the envelope. These initial results were promising and helped to define regions within the envelope that could accommodate the insertion of small targeting ligands, that could redirect the tropism of pseudo typed virus to human cells. In the second part of this study, the focus shifted to targeting receptors that were expressed on specific cells, such as carcinoma cells. We inserted short ligands, flanked with cysteines, into the envelope to generate numerous targeting constructs that bind to receptors over-expressed on a variety of carcinoma cells. These pseudotyped retroviral vectors were generated by packaging cell lines that express only the viral Gag and Pol genes, with no wild-type envelope present. Select chimeric envelopes that express the 21 amino acid bombesin (BN)/gastrin releasing protein (GRP) binding sequence successfully transduced human melanoma cells, breast cancer cells, and cells that express the cloned GRP receptor gene. Nine additional chimeric envelopes were generated, that express a modified 56 amino acid heregulin sequence (HRG), that targets c-rbB-3 (Her-3) and c-erbB-4 (Her-4) receptors on breast carcinoma cells. Pseudotyped virus expressing only the BN/GRP mutant envelopes, transduced NIH 3T3 host cells, and two human carcinoma cell lines; A375 melanoma and MDA-MB-231 breast cells. The HRG chimeric envelopes demonstrated transduction of NIH 3T3 cells and human MDA-MB-453 breast carcinoma cells. Finally, a pseudotyped virus that expressed the chimeric BN/GRP envelopes and packaged the thymidine kinase gene, transduced melenoma and breast carcinoma cells and demonstrated ganciclovir cytotoxicity. Collectively, these data indicate that ligands of various sizes can be used to target pseudotyped virus to a variety of human cancer cells and transfer genes of interest. These findings may expand the feasibility and potential scope of gene therapy.
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28

Dixon, Vincent. "Etudes sur la correlation entre l'etat differencie des cellules cibles b et l'infection par le virus de la leucemie aviaire (alv)." Paris 7, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988PA077212.

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29

DELLA-VALLE, VERONIQUE. "1) etude moleculaire et physiopathologique des virus mcf isoles de proliferations malignes induites chez la souris par le virus auxiliaire de la leucemie de friend (f-mul v) : 2) les autoanticorps : un outil essentiel de la biologie cellulaire." Paris 6, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988PA066675.

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La leucemogenese induite chez la souris par le virus auxiliaire de la leucemie de friend est accompagnee de la formation "in vivo" de retrovirus mcf dans les proliferations malignes de lignees erythroides et lymphoides mais pas dans celles des lignees de type myelomonocytaire. L'identification des virus mcf isoles montre que leur genome viral comporte une region "eno" recombinee avec des sequences endogenes murins. In vivo ces virus f-mcf entrainent l'apparition d'erythroblastoses et de lymphoblastoses
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30

Péneau, Camille. "Mécanismes moléculaires et conséquences oncogéniques des intégrations du Virus de l’Hépatite B dans les tissus hépatiques." Thesis, Université de Paris (2019-....), 2020. https://theses.md.univ-paris-diderot.fr/PENEAU_Camille_va2.pdf.

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Malgré l’existence d’un vaccin efficace et de traitements supprimant la réplication virale, l’infection par le Virus de l’Hépatite B (VHB) reste une des maladies chroniques les plus fréquentes, avec une mortalité associée dans 39% des cas au développement d’un carcinome hépatocellulaire (CHC), le cancer primitif du foie le plus courant et la troisième cause mondiale de décès par cancer. Le VHB est en effet le facteur de risque principal de survenue d’un CHC, chez des patients ayant généralement une cirrhose du foie induite par l’infection. Cependant, le fait que certains CHC liés au VHB surviennent sans inflammation chronique souligne les propriétés oncogéniques directes de ce virus à ADN, qui peut promouvoir la transformation cellulaire des hépatocytes en s’intégrant dans le génome humain. Ce projet a eu pour but de décrire les formes du VHB présentes dans des tissus hépatiques tumoraux et non-tumoraux de 177 patients majoritairement d’origine africaine et européenne, en utilisant des techniques de capture virale et de séquençage de nouvelle génération, et de caractériser les intégrations du virus en fonction des données génétiques et cliniques des patients. Nous avons montré que les tissus non-tumoraux contiennent plus fréquemment de l’ADN viral réplicatif et un nombre total plus élevé d’insertions, principalement localisées dans des régions de chromatine ouverte mais sans conséquence fonctionnelle directe. Dans les tumeurs en revanche, les intégrations du VHB sont souvent clonales, enrichies à proximité de gènes impliqués dans la carcinogenèse hépatique comme TERT (dans un tiers des CHC liés au VHB), CCNE1, ou KMT2B, et peuvent entraîner directement le développement tumoral en activant ces gènes en cis. Les intégrations du VHB dans CCNA2 ou CCNE1 génèrent par exemple un stress réplicatif et une signature de réarrangements structuraux spécifique, favorisant le développement de CHC agressifs en absence de cirrhose. Nous avons décrit par ailleurs un nouveau mécanisme oncogénique associé aux intégrations du VHB qui repose sur des réarrangements du génome humain délimités par des séquences virales intégrées, qui induisent des altérations du nombre de copies de gènes « driver » situés à distance comme TP53 ou MYC. Nous avons donc approfondi la caractérisation des intégrations virales du VHB dans les CHC, mais également celles du virus adéno-associé (AAV) qui peut également s’intégrer dans l’ADN humain et favoriser le développement tumoral par mutagénèse insertionnelle en altérant les mêmes gènes que le VHB (TERT, CCNA2, CCNE1, KMT2B)
Despite the existence of an effective vaccine and of treatments that suppress viral replication, Hepatitis B Virus (HBV) infection remains one of the most frequent chronic diseases. 39% of HBV-related deaths are associated with the development of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), the most common primary liver cancer and the third leading cause of cancer death worldwide. HBV is indeed the main risk factor of HCC development in patients who generally already have a liver cirrhosis induced by the infection. However, the fact that some HBV-related HCC occur without chronic inflammation underlines the direct oncogenic properties of this DNA virus, which can promote hepatocyte cell transformation through integration into the human genome. This project aimed to describe the HBV genomes in tumor and non-tumor liver tissues from 177 patients, mostly with African and European origin, using viral capture and next-generation sequencing techniques, and characterized viral integrations according to the genetic and clinical data of the patients. We showed that non-tumor tissues contain more frequently replicating HBV DNA and a higher number of insertions, mainly located in open chromatin regions but without direct functional consequences. In tumors, on the other hand, HBV integrations are often clonal and enriched in proximity of genes involved in hepatocarcinogenesis such as TERT (in one-third of HBV-related HCC), CCNE1, or KMT2B, and can directly lead to tumor development by activating these genes in cis. HBV integrations in CCNA2 or CCNE1, for example, generate replicative stress and a specific signature of structural rearrangements, thus promoting the development of aggressive HCC in the absence of cirrhosis. We also described a novel oncogenic mechanism associated with HBV integrations based on rearrangements of the human genome delimited by integrated viral sequences, which induce copy number alterations of distant "driver" genes such as TP53 or MYC. We have therefore further characterized the viral integrations of HBV in HCC, but also those of the adeno-associated virus (AAV) which can also integrate into human DNA and promote tumor development through insertional mutagenesis by altering the same genes as HBV (TERT, CCNA2, CCNE1, KMT2B)
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31

Crisanti-Lassiaz, Patricia. "Effets de rétrovirus aviaires sur la différenciation de la neurorétine d'embryons d'oiseaux en culture cellulaire." Paris 7, 1985. http://www.theses.fr/1985PA077021.

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Le travail présenté dans cette thèse à pour but d'étudier les interactions : virus oncogènes et différenciation; et en particulier, l'effet du virus de Sarcome de Rous sur différents marqueurs de la différenciation des cellules de neurorétines d'embryon de caille ou de poulet in vitro. Cette thèse est composée de trois chapitres : une introduction générale expose les relations connues entre c-onc et la différenciation cellulaire. Le premier chapitre est consacré aux propriétés du virus de Sarcome de Rous et des autres virus oncogènes utilisés pour ce travail. Le chapitre II présente le système biologique : la Neurorétine et sa différenciation normale in vitro. Les effets des différents rétrovirus sur la différenciation de la NR, font l'objet du dernier chapitre.
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32

Broders, Florence. "Analyse de la transcription des genes alpha globine dans les erythroblastes aviaires normaux et transformes par un retrovirus." Paris 7, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988PA077023.

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33

Sola, Brigitte. "Transformation in vitro des cellules de la lignee myeloblastique par le virus leucemogene murin de friend (f-mulv) : analyse des mecanismes moleculaires de cette transformation." Paris 7, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987PA077242.

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Le retrovirus leucemogene murin f-mulv, competent pour la replication, entraine des leucemies myeloblastiques apres un temps de latence de plusieurs mois. L'infection de culture de cellules medullaires par ce virus entraine la transformation des cellules de la lignee myeloblastique apres une latence equivalente. En utilisant une sonde specifique du f-mulv, l'analyse du spectre d'integration des provirus dans les lignees obtenues in vitro a montre qu'il y a proliferation d'un clone cellulaire tres tot pendant le processus de leucemogenese. Une banque d'adn genomique a ete construite a partir d'une lignee ayant 5 provirus integres; les f-mulvs s'integrent preferentiellement dans 3 regions appelees fim-1, fim-2 et fim-3, fim-2 est la partie 5' de l'oncogene c-fms qui code pour le recepteur au csf1. L'integration d'un f-mulv dans la gene fim-2/cfms entraine sa surexpression sans apparente modification de structure. Role possible d'un recepteur a facteur de croissance physiologique dans un processus leucemogene
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34

Simonneau, Lionel. "Etude de l'expression des cristallines et de leurs proprietes aggregatives dans les cultures de cellules epitheliales de cristallin de boeuf et de la neurotine embryonnaire de caille normale ou transformee par des retrovirus aviaires." Paris 7, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988PA077154.

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35

Legrand, Alain. "Liposomes cibles et vecteurs retroviraux pour le transfert et l'expression du gene de la preproinsuline i de rat dans des cellules eucaryotes." Orléans, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987ORLE2011.

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Encapsulation d'adn dans des liposomes contenant du lactosylceramide dont le sucre terminal est reconnu specifiquement par des recepteurs presents sur la membrane plasmique des cellules visees, c. A. D. , les hepatocytes et les cellules endotheliales du foie et egalement les lymphocytes de la rate. Injection par voie intraveineuse des liposomes. Role de l'endocytose, dans leur internalisation. Modele genetique constitue du gene de la preproinsuline i de rat insere dans des vecteurs retroviraux permettant l'expression du gene dans des celules non insulogenes
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36

Lüftenegger, Daniel. "Einfluss posttranslationaler Modifikationen auf die Funktion des Prototyp Foamy Virus Hüllproteins." Doctoral thesis, Saechsische Landesbibliothek- Staats- und Universitaetsbibliothek Dresden, 2008. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:14-ds-1207905094649-72075.

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Die Familie der Retrovirinae wird in zwei Unterfamilien untergliedert, die Orthoretrovirinae und die Spumaretrovirinae. Foamyviren stellen aufgrund einiger besonderer Eigenschaften die einzigen Vertreter dieser Unterfamilie, die sie als Bindeglied zwischen den Retroviren und den Hepadnaviren erscheinen lassen. So erfolgt beispielsweise die reverse Transkription des viralen Genoms nicht erst nach Eintritt in die Zielzelle, sondern, anders als bei Orthoretroviren, bereits in der Produzentenzelle noch während oder kurz nach der Morphogenese. Diese Eigenschaft teilen Foamyviren mit den Hepadnaviren ebenso wie die obligate Koexpression der Kapsidproteine mit den viralen Hüllproteinen für die Freisetzung von Viruspartikeln. Im Gegensatz zu Orthoretroviren sind Foamyviren folglich nicht in der Lage virusähnliche Partikel (VLP) zu sekretieren und die spezifische Funktion des PFV Env Proteins kann nicht durch heterologe Hüllproteine übernommen werden. Die Synthese des PFV Env Vorläuferproteins erfolgt am rER, wobei es eine Typ III Membrantopologie erhält, mit sowohl dem N- als auch dem C-Terminus im Zytoplasma. Während des Transports des Proteins zum Ort der Partikelknospung, wird es posttranslational im Golgi-Apparat, oder dem trans-Golgi Netzwerk, durch Furin oder eine Furin-ähnliche Protease in drei partikelassoziierte Untereinheiten prozessiert. Eine Partikelassoziation retroviraler Signalpeptide ist bislang nur für Foamyviren nachgewiesen worden, genauso wie eine essentielle Rolle dieses Proteins bei der Interaktion zwischen dem
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37

Lüftenegger, Daniel. "Einfluss posttranslationaler Modifikationen auf die Funktion des Prototyp Foamy Virus Hüllproteins." Doctoral thesis, Technische Universität Dresden, 2007. https://tud.qucosa.de/id/qucosa%3A23754.

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Die Familie der Retrovirinae wird in zwei Unterfamilien untergliedert, die Orthoretrovirinae und die Spumaretrovirinae. Foamyviren stellen aufgrund einiger besonderer Eigenschaften die einzigen Vertreter dieser Unterfamilie, die sie als Bindeglied zwischen den Retroviren und den Hepadnaviren erscheinen lassen. So erfolgt beispielsweise die reverse Transkription des viralen Genoms nicht erst nach Eintritt in die Zielzelle, sondern, anders als bei Orthoretroviren, bereits in der Produzentenzelle noch während oder kurz nach der Morphogenese. Diese Eigenschaft teilen Foamyviren mit den Hepadnaviren ebenso wie die obligate Koexpression der Kapsidproteine mit den viralen Hüllproteinen für die Freisetzung von Viruspartikeln. Im Gegensatz zu Orthoretroviren sind Foamyviren folglich nicht in der Lage virusähnliche Partikel (VLP) zu sekretieren und die spezifische Funktion des PFV Env Proteins kann nicht durch heterologe Hüllproteine übernommen werden. Die Synthese des PFV Env Vorläuferproteins erfolgt am rER, wobei es eine Typ III Membrantopologie erhält, mit sowohl dem N- als auch dem C-Terminus im Zytoplasma. Während des Transports des Proteins zum Ort der Partikelknospung, wird es posttranslational im Golgi-Apparat, oder dem trans-Golgi Netzwerk, durch Furin oder eine Furin-ähnliche Protease in drei partikelassoziierte Untereinheiten prozessiert. Eine Partikelassoziation retroviraler Signalpeptide ist bislang nur für Foamyviren nachgewiesen worden, genauso wie eine essentielle Rolle dieses Proteins bei der Interaktion zwischen dem
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