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Journal articles on the topic 'Virus Retroviridae'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 11 February 2022

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1

Shikova-Lekova, Evelina, Dirk Lindemann, Thomas Pietschmann, et al. "Replication-Competent Hybrids between Murine Leukemia Virus and Foamy Virus." Journal of Virology 77, no. 13 (2003): 7677–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/jvi.77.13.7677-7681.2003.

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ABSTRACT Replication-competent chimeric retroviruses constructed of members of the two subfamilies of Retroviridae, orthoretroviruses and spumaretroviruses, specifically murine leukemia viruses (MuLV) bearing hybrid MuLV-foamy virus (FV) envelope (env) genes, were characterized. All viruses had the cytoplasmic tail of the MuLV transmembrane protein. In ESL-1, a truncated MuLV leader peptide (LP) was fused to the complete extracellular portion of FV Env, and ESL-2 to -4 contained the complete MuLV-LP followed by N-terminally truncated FV Env decreasing in size. ESL-1 to -4 had an extended host
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2

Bande, Faruku, Siti Suri Arshad, and Abdul Rahman Omar. "Isolation and Metagenomic Identification of Avian Leukosis Virus Associated with Mortality in Broiler Chicken." Advances in Virology 2016 (2016): 1–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2016/9058403.

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Avian leukosis virus (ALV) belongs to the family Retroviridae and causes considerable economic losses to the poultry industry. Following an outbreak associated with high mortality in a broiler flock in northern part of Malaysia, kidney tissues from affected chickens were submitted for virus isolation and identification in chicken embryonated egg and MDCK cells. Evidence of virus growth was indicated by haemorrhage and embryo mortality in egg culture. While viral growth in cell culture was evidenced by the development of cytopathic effects. The isolated virus was purified by sucrose gradient an
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3

Silveira, Júlia Meireles da Silva, Sheila de Oliveira Medeiros, Renata Fernandes Ferreira de Moraes, et al. "Cytomorphological similarities between feline viral leukemia, bovine enzootic leukosis and adult T-cell leukemia/lymphoma: A review." Research, Society and Development 10, no. 9 (2021): e13010917900. http://dx.doi.org/10.33448/rsd-v10i9.17900.

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Leukemias are malignant neoplasms of hematological origin and originating from bone marrow cells. Innumerable species can be affected by this disease, which can be originated by several causes, including infection by viruses belonging to the Retroviridae family. In felines, humans and cattle, the leukemia-inducing retroviruses are Feline Leukemia Virus (FeLV), human T-cell lymphotropic virus type 1 (HTLV-1) and Bovine Leukosis Virus (BLV), respectively. In Brazil, the number of domestic cats infected with FeLV grows progressively, when compared to the incidence of infected animals in developed
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4

Pietschmann, Thomas, Martin Heinkelein, Martina Heldmann, Hanswalter Zentgraf, Axel Rethwilm, and Dirk Lindemann. "Foamy Virus Capsids Require the Cognate Envelope Protein for Particle Export." Journal of Virology 73, no. 4 (1999): 2613–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/jvi.73.4.2613-2621.1999.

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ABSTRACT Unlike other subclasses of the Retroviridae theSpumavirinae, its prototype member being the so-called human foamy virus (HFV), require the expression of the envelope (Env) glycoprotein for viral particle egress. Both the murine leukemia virus (MuLV) Env and the vesicular stomatitis virus G protein, which efficiently pseudotype other retrovirus capsids, were not able to support export of HFV particles. Analysis of deletion and point mutants of the HFV Env protein revealed that the HFV Env cytoplasmic domain (CyD) is dispensable for HFV particle envelopment, release, and infectivity, wh
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Geiselhart, Verena, Patrizia Bastone, Tore Kempf, Martina Schnölzer, and Martin Löchelt. "Furin-Mediated Cleavage of the Feline Foamy Virus Env Leader Protein." Journal of Virology 78, no. 24 (2004): 13573–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/jvi.78.24.13573-13581.2004.

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ABSTRACT The molecular biology of spuma or foamy retroviruses is different from that of the other members of the Retroviridae. Among the distinguishing features, the N-terminal domain of the foamy virus Env glycoprotein, the 16-kDa Env leader protein Elp, is a component of released, infectious virions and is required for particle budding. The transmembrane protein Elp specifically interacts with N-terminal Gag sequences during morphogenesis. In this study, we investigate the mechanism of Elp release from the Env precursor protein. By a combination of genetic, biochemical, and biophysical metho
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6

Harper, D. R., R. L. Gilbert, T. J. O'Connor, et al. "Antiviral Activity of 2-Hydroxy Fatty Acids." Antiviral Chemistry and Chemotherapy 7, no. 3 (1996): 138–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/095632029600700303.

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Following an earlier demonstration of an antiviral effect against varicella-zoster virus (VZV, human herpesvirus 3) using 2-hydroxymyristic acid (2-hydroxytetradecanoic acid; 2-HM), an inhibitor of protein myristoylation, both 2-HM and 2-hydroxypalmitic acid (2-hydroxyhexadecanoic acid; 2-HP) have been tested against a range of viruses. Although both compounds inhibit the replication of varicella-zoster virus (VZV; human herpesvirus 3) they do not inhibit the replication of closely related herpesviruses. They do, however, inhibit the replication of both poliovirus (a member of the Picornavirid
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7

Telwatte, Sushama, and Steven A. Yukl. "Exploring HIV latency using transcription profiling." Microbiology Australia 38, no. 3 (2017): 137. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ma17050.

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The major barrier to a cure for HIV is the existence of reservoirs consisting predominantly of latently infected CD4+ T cells, which do not produce virus constitutively but can be induced to produce infectious virus on activation. HIV latency research has largely focused on peripheral blood, yet most HIV-infected cells reside in tissues, especially the gut, where differences in drug penetration, cell types, and immune responses may impact mechanisms of persistence. Exploring the differences between the gut and the blood in transcriptional blocks may reveal fundamental insights into mechanisms
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8

Cartellieri, Marc, Ottmar Herchenröder, Wolfram Rudolph, et al. "N-Terminal Gag Domain Required for Foamy Virus Particle Assembly and Export." Journal of Virology 79, no. 19 (2005): 12464–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/jvi.79.19.12464-12476.2005.

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ABSTRACT Among the Retroviridae, foamy viruses (FVs) exhibit an unusual way of particle assembly and a highly specific incorporation of envelope protein into progeny virions. We have analyzed deletions and point mutants of the prototypic FV gag gene for capsid assembly and egress, envelope protein incorporation, infectivity, and ultrastructure. Deletions introduced at the 3′ end of gag revealed the first 297 amino acids (aa) to be sufficient for specific Env incorporation and export of particulate material. Deletions introduced at the 5′ end showed the region between aa 6 and 200 to be dispens
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9

Kumar, Ramesh, Divya Mehta, Nimisha Mishra, Debasis Nayak, and Sujatha Sunil. "Role of Host-Mediated Post-Translational Modifications (PTMs) in RNA Virus Pathogenesis." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 22, no. 1 (2020): 323. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms22010323.

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Being opportunistic intracellular pathogens, viruses are dependent on the host for their replication. They hijack host cellular machinery for their replication and survival by targeting crucial cellular physiological pathways, including transcription, translation, immune pathways, and apoptosis. Immediately after translation, the host and viral proteins undergo a process called post-translational modification (PTM). PTMs of proteins involves the attachment of small proteins, carbohydrates/lipids, or chemical groups to the proteins and are crucial for the proteins’ functioning. During viral inf
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10

Álvarez, Enrique, Luis Menéndez-Arias, and Luis Carrasco. "The Eukaryotic Translation Initiation Factor 4GI Is Cleaved by Different Retroviral Proteases." Journal of Virology 77, no. 23 (2003): 12392–400. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/jvi.77.23.12392-12400.2003.

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ABSTRACT The initiation factor eIF4G plays a central role in the regulation of translation. In picornaviruses, as well as in human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1), cleavage of eIF4G by the viral protease leads to inhibition of protein synthesis directed by capped cellular mRNAs. In the present work, cleavage of both eIF4GI and eIF4GII has been analyzed by employing the proteases encoded within the genomes of several members of the family Retroviridae, e.g., Moloney murine leukemia virus (MoMLV), mouse mammary tumor virus, human T-cell leukemia virus type 1, HIV-2, and simian immunodefici
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11

Álvarez, Enrique, Alfredo Castelló, Luis Menéndez-Arias, and Luis Carrasco. "HIV protease cleaves poly(A)-binding protein." Biochemical Journal 396, no. 2 (2006): 219–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1042/bj20060108.

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The PABP [poly(A)-binding protein] is able to interact with the 3′ poly(A) tail of eukaryotic mRNA, promoting its translation. Cleavage of PABP by viral proteases encoded by several picornaviruses and caliciviruses plays a role in the abrogation of cellular protein synthesis. We report that infection of MT-2 cells with HIV-1 leads to efficient proteolysis of PABP. Analysis of PABP integrity was carried out in BHK-21 (baby-hamster kidney) and COS-7 cells upon individual expression of the protease from several members of the Retroviridae family, e.g. MoMLV (Moloney murine leukaemia virus), MMTV
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12

Meza-Barreto, Giovanna, Danny Wilson Sanjuanelo-Corredor, and Manuel Isaac Gallego-Marín. "Detección molecular del virus de la leucosis bovina: un estudio por conglomerados en Colombia." Ciencia y Agricultura 13, no. 2 (2016): 47–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.19053/01228420.v13.n2.2016.5552.

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La leucosis bovina enzoótica (LBE) es ocasionada por un virus de la familia Retroviridae, el virus de la leucosis bovina (VLB), que afecta bovinos de cualquier edad, sexo y raza y genera importantes pérdidas económicas. En Colombia, los pocos estudios moleculares se concentran en ganado de leche; por ello, el presente trabajo se dirigió a detectar el VLB mediante una prueba molecular de PCR en animales destinados a diferentes tipos de explotación ganadera y de diferentes regiones del país, con el propósito de evaluar la relación entre la presencia del VLB en los animales, la ubicación geográfi
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13

Cavalcante, Liliane, Cláudia Muniz, Hongwei Jia, et al. "Clinical and Molecular Features of Feline Foamy Virus and Feline Leukemia Virus Co-Infection in Naturally-Infected Cats." Viruses 10, no. 12 (2018): 702. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/v10120702.

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Feline foamy virus (FFV) and feline leukemia virus (FeLV) belong to the Retroviridae family. While disease has not been reported for FFV infection, FeLV infection can cause anemia and immunosuppression (progressive infection). Co-infection with FFV/FeLV allows evaluation of the pathogenic potential and epidemiology of FFV infection in cats with FeLV pathology. Blood and buccal swab samples from 81 cats were collected in Rio de Janeiro. Plasma was serologically tested for FeLV. DNA extracted from peripheral blood mononuclear cells and buccal swabs was used to PCR detect FFV and FeLV. A qPCR was
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14

Obr, Martin, Florian K. M. Schur, and Robert A. Dick. "A Structural Perspective of the Role of IP6 in Immature and Mature Retroviral Assembly." Viruses 13, no. 9 (2021): 1853. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/v13091853.

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The small cellular molecule inositol hexakisphosphate (IP6) has been known for ~20 years to promote the in vitro assembly of HIV-1 into immature virus-like particles. However, the molecular details underlying this effect have been determined only recently, with the identification of the IP6 binding site in the immature Gag lattice. IP6 also promotes formation of the mature capsid protein (CA) lattice via a second IP6 binding site, and enhances core stability, creating a favorable environment for reverse transcription. IP6 also enhances assembly of other retroviruses, from both the Lentivirus a
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15

Mummoorthy, Kunambiga, Abd Rahaman Yasmin, Siti Suri Arshad, et al. "Molecular detection of feline leukemia virus in clinically ill cats in Klang Valley, Malaysia." Veterinary World 14, no. 2 (2021): 405–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.14202/vetworld.2021.405-409.

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Background and Aim: Feline leukemia virus (FeLV) is classified as Retroviridae gammaretrovirus. FeLV occurs worldwide, including Malaysia. Thus far, only one decade-old study on molecular characterization of Malaysian FeLV isolates exists, which resulted in a scarcity of updated information of current FeLV isolates circulating in Malaysia. This study was conducted to determine the status of FeLV in clinically ill cats and to study the molecular characterization and phylogenetic relatedness of the current isolates. Materials and Methods: Convenience sampling was performed in 20 cats from the Ga
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16

Wang, Huating, Kendra M. Norris, and Louis M. Mansky. "Analysis of Bovine Leukemia Virus Gag Membrane Targeting and Late Domain Function." Journal of Virology 76, no. 16 (2002): 8485–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/jvi.76.16.8485-8493.2002.

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ABSTRACT Assembly of retrovirus-like particles only requires the expression of the Gag polyprotein precursor. We have exploited this in the development of a model system for studying the virus particle assembly pathway for bovine leukemia virus (BLV). BLV is closely related to the human T-cell leukemia viruses (HTLVs), and all are members of the Deltaretrovirus genus of the Retroviridae family. Overexpression of a BLV Gag polyprotein containing a carboxy-terminal influenza virus hemagglutinin (HA) epitope tag in mammalian cells led to the robust production of virus-like particles (VLPs). Site-
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17

Eizert, Helga, Pálma Bander, Péter Bagossi, et al. "Amino Acid Preferences of Retroviral Proteases for Amino-Terminal Positions in a Type 1 Cleavage Site." Journal of Virology 82, no. 20 (2008): 10111–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/jvi.00418-08.

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ABSTRACT The specificities of the proteases of 11 retroviruses were studied using a series of oligopeptides with amino acid substitutions in the P1, P3, and P4 positions of a naturally occurring type 1 cleavage site (Val-Ser-Gln-Asn-Tyr↓Pro-Ile-Val-Gln) in human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1). Previously, the substrate specificity of the P2 site was studied for the same representative set of retroviral proteases, which included at least one member from each of the seven genera of the family Retroviridae (P. Bagossi, T. Sperka, A. Fehér, J. Kádas, G. Zahuczky, G. Miklóssy, P. Boross,
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18

Bagossi, Péter, Tamás Sperka, Anita Fehér, et al. "Amino Acid Preferences for a Critical Substrate Binding Subsite of Retroviral Proteases in Type 1 Cleavage Sites." Journal of Virology 79, no. 7 (2005): 4213–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/jvi.79.7.4213-4218.2005.

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ABSTRACT The specificities of the proteases of 11 retroviruses representing each of the seven genera of the family Retroviridae were studied using a series of oligopeptides with amino acid substitutions in the P2 position of a naturally occurring type 1 cleavage site (Val-Ser-Gln-Asn-Tyr↓Pro-Ile-Val-Gln; the arrow indicates the site of cleavage) in human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1). This position was previously found to be one of the most critical in determining the substrate specificity differences of retroviral proteases. Specificities at this position were compared for HIV-1, HIV-
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19

Nowrouzi, Ali, Marcus Dittrich, Chuck Klanke, et al. "Genome-wide mapping of foamy virus vector integrations into a human cell line." Journal of General Virology 87, no. 5 (2006): 1339–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1099/vir.0.81554-0.

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Integration-site selection by retroviruses and retroviral vectors has gained increased scientific interest. Foamy viruses (FVs) constitute a unique subfamily (Spumavirinae) of the family Retroviridae, for which the integration pattern into the human genome has not yet been determined. To accomplish this, 293 cells were transduced with FV vectors and the integration sites into the cellular genome were determined by a high-throughput method based on inverse PCR. For comparison, a limited number of murine leukemia virus (MLV) and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) integration sites were analysed
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20

Requejo, Henry I. Z. "Worldwide molecular epidemiology of HIV." Revista de Saúde Pública 40, no. 2 (2006): 331–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0034-89102006000200023.

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Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) is the worldwide disseminated causative agent of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS). HIV is a member of the Lentivirus genus of Retroviridae family and is grouped in two types named HIV-1 and HIV-2. These viruses have a notable ability to mutate and adapt to the new conditions of human environment. A large incidence of errors at the transcriptional level results in changes on the genetic bases during the reproductive cycle. The elevated genomic variability of HIV has carried important implications for the diagnosis, treatment and prevention as well as
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21

Marlefzena, Marlefzena, Sri Murtini, and Joko Pamungkas. "KAJIAN EQUINE INFECTIOUS ANEMIA PADA KUDA IMPOR DI BANDAR UDARA INTERNASIONAL SOEKARNO-HATTA." Jurnal Sain Veteriner 36, no. 1 (2018): 115. http://dx.doi.org/10.22146/jsv.26916.

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Equine Infectious Anemia (EIA) disease is caused by EIA Virus (EIAV) from genus Lentivirus, subfamily Orthoretrovirinae, family retroviridae. This virus causes a persistent infection and potentially fatal in Equidae. There is no scientific literature yet for this disease in Indonesia. In order to determine this disease in our country, it is necessary continuing laboratory detection in imported Equidae and conducted further surveillance in Equidae throughout Indonesia. This research is aimed (1) to detect of any antibodi titre of EIAV in imported horse, (2) To get information about the relation
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22

Arcangeli, Chiara, Daniele Lucarelli, Martina Torricelli, et al. "First Survey of SNPs in TMEM154, TLR9, MYD88 and CCR5 Genes in Sheep Reared in Italy and Their Association with Resistance to SRLVs Infection." Viruses 13, no. 7 (2021): 1290. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/v13071290.

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Maedi-visna virus (MVV) and caprine arthritis encephalitis virus (CAEV), referred to as small ruminant lentiviruses (SRLVs), belong to the genus Lentivirus of the Retroviridae family. SRLVs infect both sheep and goats, causing significant economic losses and animal welfare damage. Recent findings suggest an association between serological status and allelic variants of different genes such as TMEM154, TLR9, MYD88 and CCR5. The aim of this work was to investigate the role of specific polymorphisms of these genes in SRLVs infection in some sheep flocks in Italy. In addition to those already know
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23

Nosik, D. N., N. N. Nosik, T. V. Teplyakova, et al. "Antiviral activity of extracts of basidiomycetes and humic compounds substances against Human Immunodeficiency Virus (Retroviridae: Orthoretrovirinae: Lentivirus: Human immunodeficiency virus 1) and Herpes Simplex Virus (Herpesviridae: Simplexvirus: Human alphaherpesvirus 1)." Problems of Virology 65, no. 5 (2020): 276–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.36233/0507-4088-2020-65-5-4.

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24

Shaw, Kit L., Dirk Lindemann, Mark J. Mulligan, and Paul A. Goepfert. "Foamy Virus Envelope Glycoprotein Is Sufficient for Particle Budding and Release." Journal of Virology 77, no. 4 (2003): 2338–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/jvi.77.4.2338-2348.2003.

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ABSTRACT Foamy viruses (FVs) are classified in the family Retroviridae, but recent data have shown that they are not conventional retroviruses. Notably, several characteristics of their particle replication strategies are more similar to those of hepatitis B virus (HBV) than those of typical retroviruses. Compared to conventional retroviruses, which require only Gag proteins for budding and release of virus-like particles (VLPs), both FV and HBV require Env proteins. In the case of HBV, Env (S protein) alone is sufficient to form subviral particles (SVPs). Because FVs also depend on Env for bu
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25

Mufarika, Mufarika. "Kualitas Hidup, Dukungan Sebaya, HUBUNGAN PERAN KELOMPOK DUKUNGAN SEBAYA DENGAN KUALITAS HIDUP ORANG HIV/AIDS (ODHA) DI POLI VCT RSUD SYARIFAH AMBAMI RATO EBU BANGKALAN." Jurnal Keperawatan Malang 3, no. 2 (2019): 67–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.36916/jkm.v3i2.68.

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AIDS dapat diartikan sebagai kumpulan gejala atau penyakit yang disebabkan oleh menurunnya kekebalan tubuh akibat infeksi virus HIV yang termasuk famili retroviridae. Kualitas hidup ODHA menjadi sangat rentan mengalami penurunan akibat masalah baik fisik, psikologis, maupun sosial. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis hubungan peran kelompok dukungan sebaya dengan kualitas hidup pada orang dengan HIV/AIDS (ODHA). Jenis penelitian yang digunakan yaitu analitik dengan menggunakan pendekatan Cross Sectional. Sampel dalam penelitian ini sebanyak 61 responden. Pengambilan sampel menggunakan
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Stanley Lesmana, Riyadh Ikhsan, and Azriya Azka. "Knowledge Level of Grade XII Senior High School Students Regarding HIV/AIDS." Journal of Endocrinology, Tropical Medicine, and Infectiouse Disease (JETROMI) 3, no. 1 (2021): 20–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.32734/jetromi.v3i1.5528.

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Background: AIDS (Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome) is a collection of symptoms or diseases caused by a decrease in the immune system from the body due to infection from the HIV (Human Immunodeficiency Virus) which belongs to the retroviridae family. Teenagers themselves are vulnerable to HIV/AIDS. The right and precise knowledge of HIV and AIDS is important in HIV prevention efforts in adolescents. Method: This research is a descriptive research with cross-sectional design. The sample population of this study was grade XII senior high school students of the 2020/2021 at Methodist – 2 Medan
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Gromov, K. B., E. V. Kazennova, D. E. Kireev, A. V. Murzakova, A. E. Lopatukhin, and M. R. Bobkova. "Analysis of HIV-1 (Human immunodeficiency virus-1, Lentivirus, Orthoretrovirinae, Retroviridae) Nef protein polymorphism of variants circulating in the former USSR countries." Problems of Virology, Russian journal 64, no. 6 (2019): 281–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.36233/0507-4088-2019-64-6-281-290.

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Daous, Hala El, Shuya Mitoma, Eslam Elhanafy, et al. "Relationship between Allelic Heterozygosity in BoLA-DRB3 and Proviral Loads in Bovine Leukemia Virus-Infected Cattle." Animals 11, no. 3 (2021): 647. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ani11030647.

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Enzootic bovine leukosis is a lethal neoplastic disease caused by bovine leukemia virus (BLV), belongs to family Retroviridae. The BLV proviral load (PVL) represents the quantity of BLV genome that has integrated into the host’s genome in BLV-infected cells. Bovine leukocyte antigen (BoLA) class II allelic polymorphisms are associated with PVLs in BLV-infected cattle. We sought to identify relationships between BoLA-DRB3 allelic heterozygosity and BLV PVLs among different cattle breeds. Blood samples from 598 BLV-infected cattle were quantified to determine their PVLs by real-time polymerase c
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Vallinoto, Antonio Carlos Rosário, Izaura Cayres-Vallinoto, Maria Alice Freitas Queiroz, Marluísa de Oliveira Guimarães Ishak, and Ricardo Ishak. "Influence of Immunogenetic Biomarkers in the Clinical Outcome of HTLV-1 Infected Persons." Viruses 11, no. 11 (2019): 974. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/v11110974.

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Human T-lymphotropic virus 1, a member of the Retroviridae family, causes a neglected, silent, persistent infection affecting circa 5 to 10 million people around the world, with biology, immune pathology, clinical diseases, epidemiology, and laboratory issues still unsolved. Most of the infected subjects are asymptomatic, but severe clinical disorders appear as a neurodegenerative disease (HTLV-1 associated myelopathy—HAM) or a lymphoprolipherative disorder (Adult T Leukemia/Lymphoma—ATLL) and in other target organs of the human body. HTLV-1 infections are frequently asymptomatic, but there is
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Asshiddiq, M. Rafli Febri. "Pengaruh Pemberian Asiklovir dalam Menurunkan Progresifitas dan Transmisi HIV." Jurnal Ilmiah Kesehatan Sandi Husada 12, no. 2 (2020): 591–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.35816/jiskh.v12i2.357.

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Latar belakang : Epidemi HIV/AIDS memberikan tantangan berat bagi pembangunan dan kemajuan sosial. HIV merupakan virus yang ditularkan terutama melalui hubungan seksual, jalur intravena yang digunakan secara bersamaan, dan transmisi ibu ke anak yang dapat terjadi saat proses kelahiran ataupun menyusui. HIV terutama disebabkan karena infeksi HIV-1 atau HIV-2, retrovirus yang tergolong dalam famili retroviridae, genus Lentivirus. Pengobatan dengan terapi anti-retroviral memberikan hasil efektif dan telah membantu menjaga kesehatan bagi mereka dengan infeksi HIV namun angka mortalitas terkait HIV
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31

Úsuga-Monroy, C., J. Echeverri, and H. López-Herrera. "Diagnóstico molecular del virus de Leucosis Bovina en una población de vacas Holstein, Colombia." Archivos de Zootecnia 64, no. 247 (2015): 383–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.21071/az.v64i248.424.

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El virus de la leucosis bovina (BLV) posee un genoma RNA de cadena sencilla, pertenece a la familia Retroviridae y presenta ocho genotipos diferentes. Los linfocitos B son la célula blanco del BLV, lo cual tiene un impacto negativo sobre el sistema inmune de los bovinos ya que los hace más susceptibles a otras enfermedades de origen infeccioso además las vacas lecheras presentan una menor producción respecto al hato (2,5 a 5 %). Esta enfermedad se transmite a través del consumo de leche y principalmente de forma iatrogénica. El objetivo del presente trabajo fue diagnosticar BLV por medio de la
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32

Weynberg, Karen D., Patrick W. Laffy, Elisha M. Wood-Charlson, et al. "Coral-associated viral communities show high levels of diversity and host auxiliary functions." PeerJ 5 (November 17, 2017): e4054. http://dx.doi.org/10.7717/peerj.4054.

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Stony corals (Scleractinia) are marine invertebrates that form the foundation and framework upon which tropical reefs are built. The coral animal associates with a diverse microbiome comprised of dinoflagellate algae and other protists, bacteria, archaea, fungi and viruses. Using a metagenomics approach, we analysed the DNA and RNA viral assemblages of seven coral species from the central Great Barrier Reef (GBR), demonstrating that tailed bacteriophages of the Caudovirales dominate across all species examined, and ssDNA viruses, notably the Microviridae, are also prevalent. Most sequences wit
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33

OSTI, Neusa Maria, Antonio Fernando PESTANA DE CASTRO, and Lucila COSTALLAT RICCI. "RESEARCH OF ANTIGEN AND ANTIBODIES FROM RETROVIRUSES, CMV AND HBV AMONG PRISONERS OF THE PENITENTIARY COMPLEX OF THE REGION OF CAMPINAS, SP, BRAZIL." Revista do Instituto de Medicina Tropical de São Paulo 40, no. 4 (1998): 209–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0036-46651998000400001.

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Some viruses of the families Retroviridae, such as Human T Lymphotropic Virus (HTLV); Herpesviridae as the Cytomegalovirus (CMV) and Hepadnaviridae such as the Hepatitis B Virus (HBV) are liable to be co-transmitted with the Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV). Since prisoners are exposed to several and important risk factors involved in the transmission of HIV and the above mentioned viruses, male inmates from the penitentiary complex of Campinas, SP, Brazil, including HIV + and HIV - ones, were examined for the presence of HTLV-I and/or II antibodies; IgG and IgM anti-CMV antibodies, and the
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34

MacDonald, Margaret R., Erica S. Machlin, Owen R. Albin, and David E. Levy. "The Zinc Finger Antiviral Protein Acts Synergistically with an Interferon-Induced Factor for Maximal Activity against Alphaviruses." Journal of Virology 81, no. 24 (2007): 13509–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/jvi.00402-07.

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ABSTRACT Type I interferons (IFNs) signal through specific receptors to mediate expression of genes, which together confer a cellular antiviral state. Overexpression of the zinc finger antiviral protein (ZAP) imparts a cellular antiviral state against Retroviridae, Togaviridae, and Filoviridae virus family members. Since ZAP expression is induced by IFN, we utilized Sindbis virus (SINV) to investigate the role of other IFN-induced factors in ZAP's inhibitory potential. Overexpressed ZAP did not inhibit virion production or SINV-induced cell death in BHK cells deficient in IFN production (and t
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35

Alves, Samilly Mesquita, Maria Fátima da Silva Teixeira, Raymundo Rizaldo Pinheiro, et al. "Seroepidemiological study of maedi-visna in sheep in Ceara, Rio Grande do Norte, Paraíba, and Sergipe States." Semina: Ciências Agrárias 39, no. 5 (2018): 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.5433/1679-0359.2018v39n5p2017.

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The production performance of a livestock herd can be compromised by various diseases. In sheep, maedi-visna (MV) infections, which have a chronic nature, are caused by a virus (maedi-visna virus (MVV)) belonging to the genus Lentivirus of the Retroviridae family. The infection can cause significant economic losses and has considerable health impacts on sheep breeding in production systems. Due to the importance of this disease in sheep flocks, the objective was to conduct a serosurvey of MVV in the states of Ceará (CE), Rio Grande do Norte (RN), Paraíba (PB), and Sergipe (SE). A total of, 333
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36

Ortega, Carolina, Alida C. Valencia, July Duque-Valencia, and Julián Ruiz-Saenz. "Prevalence and Genomic Diversity of Feline Leukemia Virus in Privately Owned and Shelter Cats in Aburrá Valley, Colombia." Viruses 12, no. 4 (2020): 464. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/v12040464.

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The feline leukemia virus (FeLV) belongs to the family Retroviridae; it is the first feline retrovirus discovered and one of the agents that has a great impact on cats’ health and the ecology of the feline population worldwide. It is associated with the occurrence of several syndromes of fatal diseases, including the development of lymphomas. Studies on FeLV have been reported in Colombia, and most of them have been approached from a clinical point of view. However, only a few studies have focused on the prevalence of the infection, while none have clarified which variant or FeLV viral subgrou
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37

Wuan, Adrianus Ola, Ayorince Herlinalt Gloria Banunu, and Norma Tiku Kambuno. "Total Lymfosit Count (TLC) with CD4 in HIV/AIDS Patients at Kupang." Jurnal Teknologi Laboratorium 8, no. 2 (2019): 70–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.29238/teknolabjournal.v8i2.189.

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Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) is a retrovirus originating from the retroviridae family of the genus lentivirus that infects and damages cells that have a molecule Cluster of Differentiation 4 (CD4), especially T lymphocytes that have receptors with high affinity for HIV. Total lymphocyte count / TLC has been proposed as an alternative guide to CD4 in limited health facilities. This study aims to determine the correlation between Total Lymphocyte Count (TLC) and CD4 in HIV/AIDS patients in the W.Z. Johannes Kupang hospital. The type of this research was observational analytic with a cross-
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38

Canto-Valdés, María Casandra, Manuel Emilio Bolio-González, Hugo Ramírez-Álvarez, and Carlos Josué Cen-Cen. "Aspectos epidemiológicos, clínicos y de diagnóstico del ViLeF y VIF: una revisión actualizada." Ciencia y Agricultura 16, no. 2 (2019): 57–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.19053/01228420.v16.n2.2019.9119.

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Los virus de la leucemia felina (ViLeF) e inmunodeficiencia felina (VIF) están clasificados dentro de la familia Retroviridae y son patógenos que afectan a los gatos domésticos. Estos retrovirus felinos tienen alta capacidad de mutación y recombinación, lo cual favorece una amplia población de subtipos virales con capacidades patogénicas diferentes. Tienen gran relevancia en la salud felina, no solo por la severidad de las manifestaciones clínicas en los pacientes, sino también por la complejidad diagnóstica que pueden representar. El rango de prevalencias es amplio entre distintos estudios y
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39

Gaidai, E. A., K. L. Kryshen, E. A. Jain (Korsakova), et al. "Study of the specific toxic effects of the substance 1-[2-(2-benzoylphenoxy)ethyl]-6-methyluracil, the original non-nucleoside inhibitor of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (Retroviridae; Orthoretrovirinae; Lentivirus: Human immunodeficiency virus 1) reverse transcriptase." Problems of Virology 66, no. 4 (2021): 279–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.36233/0507-4088-59.

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Introduction. Combination antiretroviral therapy is currently the main component of treatment for human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infected patients. At the same time, the high mutational potential of the virus and the frequency of side effects of existing drugs dictate the need for the development and preclinical study of new, more effective and safer compounds.The aim of the study is to evaluate the specific types of toxicity of a new non-nucleoside inhibitor of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) reverse transcriptase (RNA-dependent DNA revertase) (NNRTI) based on the substance 1-
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40

Diah Pramudianti, M. I., and Tahono Tahono. "KORELASI ANTARA HITUNG TROMBOSIT DENGAN JUMLAH CD4 PASIEN HIV/AIDS." INDONESIAN JOURNAL OF CLINICAL PATHOLOGY AND MEDICAL LABORATORY 17, no. 2 (2018): 102. http://dx.doi.org/10.24293/ijcpml.v17i2.1023.

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The Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome (AIDS) is the presence of symptoms caused by Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV)which belongs to human retroviruses (retroviridae). Thrombocytopenia is a common finding in patients with HIV infection. HIV infectionmay induce thrombocytopenia through immune and non-immune mechanisms, autoimmune combination and inhibition of plateletproduction. The aim of this study is to analyze the correlation between thrombocyte and CD4 count in HIV/AIDS patients. This studyuses a cross sectional design with a total of 17 patients. The subject of this study is HIV/AIDS p
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41

Lindemann, Dirk, Sylvia Hütter, Guochao Wei, and Martin Löchelt. "The Unique, the Known, and the Unknown of Spumaretrovirus Assembly." Viruses 13, no. 1 (2021): 105. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/v13010105.

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Within the family of Retroviridae, foamy viruses (FVs) are unique and unconventional with respect to many aspects in their molecular biology, including assembly and release of enveloped viral particles. Both components of the minimal assembly and release machinery, Gag and Env, display significant differences in their molecular structures and functions compared to the other retroviruses. This led to the placement of FVs into a separate subfamily, the Spumaretrovirinae. Here, we describe the molecular differences in FV Gag and Env, as well as Pol, which is translated as a separate protein and n
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42

Wozniak, E., J. McBride, D. DeNardo, R. Tarara, V. Wong, and B. Osburn. "Isolation and Characterization of an Antigenically Distinct 68- kd Protein from Nonviral Intracytoplasmic Inclusions in Boa Constrictors Chronically Infected with the Inclusion Body Disease Virus (IBDV: Retroviridae)." Veterinary Pathology 37, no. 5 (2000): 449–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1354/vp.37-5-449.

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43

Segura, María Mercedes, Alain Garnier, Marcos Rafael Di Falco, et al. "Identification of Host Proteins Associated with Retroviral Vector Particles by Proteomic Analysis of Highly Purified Vector Preparations." Journal of Virology 82, no. 3 (2007): 1107–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/jvi.01909-07.

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ABSTRACT The Moloney murine leukemia virus (MMLV) belongs to the Retroviridae family of enveloped viruses, which is known to acquire minute amounts of host cellular proteins both on the surface and inside the virion. Despite the extensive use of retroviral vectors in experimental and clinical applications, the repertoire of host proteins incorporated into MMLV vector particles remains unexplored. We report here the identification of host proteins from highly purified retroviral vector preparations obtained by rate-zonal ultracentrifugation. Viral proteins were fractionated by one-dimensional s
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44

Singh, Akanksha, Deepak Chopra, Sarver Jahan, and Razia Khatoon. "Seroreactivity of HIV among patients attending a tertiary care hospital in North India: a retrospective analysis." International Journal of Research in Medical Sciences 8, no. 1 (2019): 177. http://dx.doi.org/10.18203/2320-6012.ijrms20195903.

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Background: HIV (Human Immunodeficiency Virus) is the causative agent of AIDS (Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome). It belongs to the lentivirus subgroup of the family Retroviridae. The HIV/AIDS is spreading worldwide at an alarming rate. India has the third largest number of estimated people living with HIV/AIDS. Most common mode of HIV transmission is through heterosexual contact, blood transfusion, percutaneous, mucosal and perinatal mode. The present study was done to evaluate the seroreactivity of HIV among patients attending Integrated Counselling and Testing Centre (ICTC) of our Tertiar
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45

Kalinina, O. S. "Таксономічна характеристика РНК-геномних вірусів хребетних тварин і людини". Scientific Messenger of LNU of Veterinary Medicine and Biotechnologies 19, № 78 (2017): 30–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.15421/nvlvet7807.

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The article presents a modern taxonomy and nomenclature of viruses of vertebrates animals and human based on information ICTV release 2016 (ratification 2017). Described the basic criteria for the classification of viruses: characteristics of the viral genome, the mechanism of replication and virions structure. Viruses of vertebrates (1269 species) consist of 5 orders, 38 families, including 12 – DNA-genomic and 26 – RNA-genomic, 12 subfamilies and 233 genera. RNA-genomic viruses of vertebrates (679 species) classified of 4 orders, 26 families, 6 subfamilies and 119 genera. The order Mononegav
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46

Kalnina, L. B., L. M. Selimova, E. N. Kaplina та D. N. Nosik. "Expression of integrins β1, α4 and cell adhesion molecule ICAM-1 in the presence of sodium deoxyribonucleate with ferrum complex (DNA-Na-Fe) by MT-4 cells transformed by human T-lymphotropic virus type 1 (Retroviridae: Orthoretrovirinae: Deltaretrovirus: Human T-lymphotropic virus type 1)". Problems of Virology 66, № 3 (2021): 227–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.36233/0507-4088-57.

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47

Morales-Sánchez, Abigail, Juan Manuel Mejia-Arangure, Roberto Bernáldez-Ríos, et al. "Screening for Retrovirus Genomes in Childhood Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia." Blood 120, no. 21 (2012): 4301. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v120.21.4301.4301.

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Abstract Abstract 4301 Background: Acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) is the most common type of childhood malignancy worldwide and Mexico has one of the highest reported incidence rates at 49.5 cases per million. Infections have been strongly suggested to be a causative factor for ALL; however, the identity of the agent involved is presently unknown. In many animal species, members of the Retroviridae family are responsible for leukemias. The murine mammary tumor virus (MMTV) is associated with leukemia and breast cancer in mice and has been suggested to be associated with human breast cancer
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48

Franco Filho, Luciano Chaves, Rafael Ribeiro Barata, Jedson Ferreira Cardoso, et al. "Metagenomic Analysis of Samples from Three Bat Species Collected in the Amazon Rain Forest." Microbiology Resource Announcements 8, no. 2 (2019). http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/mra.01422-18.

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We report here the sequencing of five microbiome samples collected from different bat species in the Amazon rain forest. All contigs matching virus sequences were assigned to members of the Retroviridae family, while the bacterial contigs matched several bacterial species mostly belonging to the Proteobacteria phylum.
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49

Collier, Brian, and Nicola K. Gray. "Cleavage, a real turn-off? HIV-mediated proteolysis of PABP1." Biochemical Journal 396, no. 2 (2006). http://dx.doi.org/10.1042/bj20060545.

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In this issue of the Biochemical Journal, Álvarez and colleagues have identified PABP1 [poly(A)-binding protein 1] as a target of protease cleavage during HIV infection. The study shows that HIV-1, HIV-2 and mouse mammary tumour virus, but not other retroviruses, target PABP1 for cleavage and identifies cleavage sites within the RNA-recognition motifs and C-terminal region of the protein. This suggests that PABP1 cleavage may be important in the shut-off of host translation during HIV infection. This extends the viral families that are known to target PABP1 to include Retroviridae, suggesting
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50

Chen, Yicong, Xiaoman Wei, Guojie Zhang, Edward C. Holmes, and Jie Cui. "Identification and evolution of avian endogenous foamy viruses." Virus Evolution 5, no. 2 (2019). http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ve/vez049.

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Abstract A history of long-term co-divergence means that foamy viruses (family Retroviridae) provide an ideal framework to understanding virus-host evolution over extended time periods. Endogenous foamy viruses (EndFVs) are rare, and to date have only been described in a limited number of mammals, amphibians, reptiles and fish genomes. By screening 414 avian genomes we identified EndFVs in two bird species: the Maguari Stork (Ciconia maguari) and the Oriental Stork (Ciconia boyciana). Analyses of phylogenetic relationships, genome structures and flanking sequences revealed a single origin of E
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