Academic literature on the topic 'Viscosity reducer'
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Journal articles on the topic "Viscosity reducer"
1
Li, Zongyang. "Insights into Enhanced Oil Recovery by Coupling Branched-Preformed Particle Gel and Viscosity Reducer Flooding in Ordinary Heavy Oil Reservoir." Geofluids 2023 (June 30, 2023): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2023/9357711.
Full textAbstract:
Viscosity reducer flooding has been successfully applied in tertiary oil recovery of ordinary heavy oil reservoirs. However, lowering interfacial tension or reducing oil viscosity, which is more critical for viscosity reducer to improve oil recovery of ordinary heavy oil, has not yet formed a unified understanding, which restricts the further large-scale application of viscosity reducer flooding for ordinary heavy oil reservoir. Moreover, when the dominant water flow channel is formed in the reservoir, the sweep efficiency decreases sharply and can affect oil recovery efficiency of viscosity reducer. Therefore, in this study, the concept of branched-preformed particle gel (B-PPG) coupling viscosity reducer flooding is proposed. The oil-water interfacial tension performance, emulsification ability, and viscosity reduction performance of three different viscosity reducers were evaluated. The enhanced oil recovery ability of viscosity reducers, B-PPG, and viscosity reducer/B-PPG composite systems was investigated by performing sand pack flooding experiments. The results show that the oil-water interfacial tensions of the three viscosity reducers S1, S2, and S3 are 0.432 mN·m-1, 0.0112 mN·m-1, and 0.0031 mN·m-1, respectively. S1 with the highest interfacial tension has the best emulsification and viscosity reduction performance, S2 is the second, and S3 is the worst. The lower the interfacial tension, the worse the emulsification stability. The sand pack flooding results show that the incremental oil recovery of viscosity reducer S2 flooding is the largest, 7.5%, followed by S1, 7.3%, and S3, 5.6%. The viscosity reducer S2 with moderate interfacial tension and emulsifying capacity has the best ability to improve the recovery of ordinary heavy oil. The incremental oil recovery of B-PPG is 12.7%, which is significantly higher than that of viscosity reducer flooding. Compared with viscosity reducing flooding, the viscosity reducer/B-PPG composite systems have better enhanced oil recovery capacity. The findings of this study can help for better understanding of enhancing oil recovery for ordinary heavy oil reservoir.
2
Xu, Zhengdong, Mingjie Li, Yidan Kong, et al. "Synthesis and Performance Evaluation of Graphene-Based Comb Polymer Viscosity Reducer." Energies 16, no. 15 (2023): 5779. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en16155779.
Full textAbstract:
The high viscosity of heavy oil makes it difficult to realize its economic value. Therefore, improving the fluidity of heavy oil can effectively improve the economic benefit of the development of heavy oil resources. Oil-soluble viscosity reducers can utilize functional groups in monomers to break up asphaltene aggregates to improve the flow of crude oil. Graphene can be used to insert and split asphaltene aggregates through sliding phenomena and π–π interaction with colloidal asphaltene, thereby improving the fluidity of heavy oil. In this study, a graphene nanocomposite viscosity reducer was synthesized from lipophilic-modified graphene and a polymer viscosity reducer. The net viscosity reduction rate reached 80.0% at 400 ppm. Compared with a polymer viscosity reducer, the viscosity reduction effect of a graphene nanocomposite viscosity reducer was improved by about 7%. Structural characterization of a graphene nanocomposite viscosity reducer was characterized with infrared spectroscopy and a thermogravimetric test. The mechanism of a graphene nanocomposite viscosity reducer splitting asphaltene aggregates was verified with scanning electron microscopy. This study provides a theoretical and practical basis for the research and development of a novel nanocomposite viscosity reducer.
3
Gu, Ling Ya, Wen Ya Liu, Bei Qing Huang, Xian Fu Wei, and Xiao Yang. "Effect of Viscosity Reducer and Varnish on Ink-Transferring Ratio." Applied Mechanics and Materials 200 (October 2012): 681–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.200.681.
Full textAbstract:
In order to study influence of the variation of both viscosity and tack of the ink on the ink–transferring ratio. viscosity reducer and varnish to adjust ink viscosity and tack , the influence of the volume on tack volume and viscosity are obtained and also the influence of on the ink-transferring ratio by vatiation of the tack volume and viscosity . The results show that , the viscosity and tack of ink are both decrease with the amount of varnish and viscosity reducer increase. But varnish has a little effect on tack. Adding different proportion of varnish, ink-transferring ratio will reach best when the proportion of varnish is 2%. when addition more than 4%,the ink-transferring ratio will decrease instead. Adding different proportions of viscosity reducer, ink-transferring ratio will reach best when the proportion of viscosity reducer is 4%. When the amount of viscosity reducer more than 6%,the ink-transferring ratio will reduce instead.
4
Liao, Hui, Zongbin Liu, Dong Liu, Taotao Ge, and Chunxiao Du. "Study on Mechanism and Effect of Different Viscosity Reducing Methods on Offshore Heavy Oil." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2834, no. 1 (2024): 012093. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2834/1/012093.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract Bohai is rich in heavy oil. And its efficient development is significant. In this essay, ordinary heavy oil and extra one were selected, and the viscosity characteristics was also investigated referring to its internal composition. And so as the reducing viscosity effects of steam, oil-soluble viscosity reducer, diesel, emulsifier, flue gas and carbon dioxide. The experimental results show that resin and asphaltene content have positive effect on the viscosity of heavy oil. Compared with ordinary heavy oil, the drop is significantly greater when the temperature increases by 10°C. For ordinary heavy oil, the inflection point temperature is from 50°C to 70°C, and for extra-heavy oil, it is above 100°C. For ordinary heavy oil, its flow effect can be better improved without too high temperature, while it’s totally different for super heavy oil. For which, higher temperature and other auxiliary viscosity reduction methods are needed to achieve better flow performance. Diesel oil reduce viscosity of heavy oil by similar solubility principle, but the demand for diesel oil is large. At 50°C, the viscosity of super heavy oil with 0.5% emulsion viscosity reducer added is 36 mPa·s, but the water content needs to reach above 30%.Oil-soluble viscosity reducer reduces viscosity by dissolving asphaltenes and resins and dismantling aggregate structure of heavy oil aromatic flakes.However, the dosage should reach about 20 %, so that the viscosity of super heavy oil can be reduced to the level of dilute oil. Overall, for developing super heavy oil, steam compound with oil soluble viscosity reducer can be taken into account at the early production stage, and the emulsion viscosity reducer can be used in the middle development stage and wellbore viscosity reduction and lifting process. Finally, for ordinary heavy oil, flue gas’s viscosity reduction effects, nitrogen and carbon dioxide are investigated. It is found that the viscosity reduction effect of carbon dioxide is the best, followed by flue gas and nitrogen. Considering the offshore gas source, cost and carbon emission requirements, it is recommended to use flue gas in the field. The research provides theoretical guidance and technical reference for development of different types of offshore heavy oil.
5
Ma, Chao, Xingyu Liu, Longlong Xie, et al. "Synthesis and Molecular Dynamics Simulation of Amphiphilic Low Molecular Weight Polymer Viscosity Reducer for Heavy Oil Cold Recovery." Energies 14, no. 21 (2021): 6856. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en14216856.
Full textAbstract:
In order to reduce the viscosity of heavy oil, the performance of emulsifying viscosity reducers is limited. In this study, a new kind of amphiphilic low molecular weight viscosity reducer was prepared by emulsion copolymerization of acrylamide (AM), acrylic acid (AA), 2-acrylamido-2-methylpropanesulfonic acid (AMPS), and Butene benzene (PB). The synthesis feasibility and viscosity reduction mechanism of viscosity reducer in heavy oil were explored using Materials Studio software from the perspective of molecular dynamics. The results of the molecular dynamics simulation revealed that the addition of viscosity reducer into heavy oil varied the potential energy, non-potential energy, density and hydrogen bond distribution of heavy oil. Benefiting from its structure, the benzene ring in PB was well embedded in the interlayer structure of asphaltene, contributing to weaken the network structure of the heavy oil. Moreover, the two strong polar groups (COO− and SO3−) of AA and AMPS, which constituted the branched chains of the viscosity reducer’s molecular structure, gradually disassembled the network structure from the ‘inward’ to the ‘outward’ of the heavy oil network structure, thereby driving heavy oil viscosity reduction (as clarified by molecular dynamics). Owing to its temperature resistance, this kind of new amphiphilic low molecular copolymer could be an effective viscosity reducer for heavy oil cold recovery at elevated temperatures.
6
Tao, Lei, Guangzhi Yin, Wenyang Shi, et al. "Steam-Alternating CO2/Viscosity Reducer Huff and Puff for Improving Heavy Oil Recovery: A Case of Multi-Stage Series Sandpack Model with Expanded Sizes." Processes 12, no. 12 (2024): 2920. https://doi.org/10.3390/pr12122920.
Full textAbstract:
Aiming at the challenges of rapid heat dissipation, limited swept efficiency, and a rapid water cut increase in steam huff and puff development in heavy oil reservoirs, an alternating steam and CO2/viscosity reducer huff and puff method for IOR was proposed. In this work, the effect of CO2 on the physical properties of heavy oil was evaluated, and the optimal concentration of viscosity reducer for synergistic interaction between CO2 and the viscosity reducer was determined. Next, novel huff and puff simulation experiments by three sandpack models of different sizes in series were analyzed. Then, the IOR difference between the pure steam huff and puff experiments and the steam-alternating CO2/viscosity reducer huff and puff were compared. Finally, the CO2 storage rate was obtained based on the principle of the conservation of matter. The results show that the optimal viscosity reducer concentration, 0.8 wt%, can achieve a 98.5% reduction after combining CO2. The steam-alternating CO2/viscosity reducer huff and puff reached about 45 cm at 80 °C in the fifth cycle due to the CO2/viscosity reducer effects. CO2/viscosity reducer huff and puff significantly reduces water cut during cold production, with an ultimate IOR 15.89% higher than pure steam huff and puff. The viscosity reducer alleviates heavy oil blockages, and CO2 decreases oil viscosity and enhances elastic repulsion energy. The highest CO2 storage rate of 76.8% occurs in the initial stage, declining to 15.2% by the sixth cycle, indicating carbon sequestration potential. These findings suggest that steam-alternating CO2/viscosity reducer huff and puff improves heavy oil reservoir development and provides theoretical guidance for optimizing steam huff and puff processes.
7
Wang, Junqi, Ruiqing Liu, Bo Wang, et al. "Synthesis of Polyether Carboxylate and the Effect of Different Electrical Properties on Its Viscosity Reduction and Emulsification of Heavy Oil." Polymers 15, no. 14 (2023): 3139. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym15143139.
Full textAbstract:
Heavy oil exploitation needs efficient viscosity reducers to reduce viscosity, and polyether carboxylate viscosity reducers have a significant viscosity reduction effect on heavy oil. Previous work has studied the effect of different side chain lengths on this viscosity reducer, and now a series of polyether carboxylate viscosity reducers, including APAD, APASD, APAS, APA, and AP5AD (the name of the viscosity reducer is determined by the name of the desired monomer), with different electrical properties have been synthesized to investigate the effect of their different electrical properties on viscosity reduction performance. Through the performance tests of surface tension, contact angle, emulsification, viscosity reduction, and foaming, it was found that APAD viscosity reducers had the best viscosity reduction performance, reducing the viscosity of heavy oil to 81 mPa·s with a viscosity reduction rate of 98.34%, and the worst viscosity reduction rate of other viscosity reducers also reached 97%. Additionally, APAD viscosity reducers have the highest emulsification rate, and the emulsion formed with heavy oil is also the most stable. The net charge of APAD was calculated from the molar ratio of the monomers and the total mass to minimize the net charge. While the net charge of other surfactants was higher. It shows that the amount of the surfactant’s net charge affects the surfactant’s viscosity reduction effect, and the smaller the net charge of the surfactant itself, the better the viscosity reduction effect.
8
Cao, Yang, Yanlin Guo, Tao Wu, and Dejun Sun. "Synergistic emulsification of polyetheramine/nanofluid system as a novel viscosity reducer of acidic crude oil." Materials Science-Poland 41, no. 4 (2023): 107–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/msp-2023-0049.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract Oil is a critical raw material for energy and industry, the depletion of conventional oil reserves necessitates efficient extraction and production of unconventional resources like acidic crude oil. However, its high viscosity poses significant challenges for transportation and processing. To address these challenges, this study developed a novel emulsion viscosity reducer. We designed a nanofluid based on a synergistic polyetheramine/nanofluid system consisting of alkyl ethoxy polyglycosides (AEG) as a green surfactant, SiO2 nanoparticles, and an organic alkali polyetheramine. The mixture was evaluated for its viscosity reduction and emulsification performance with acidic crude oi obtained from Qinghe oil production plant in Shengli Oilfield. The results showed that the optimized viscosity reducer achieved a remarkable reduction rate of 98.1% at 50◦C in crude oil viscosity from 6862 mPa·s to 129 mPa·s. This demonstrated the reducer effectively transformed acidic crude oil into a low viscosity oil-in-water (O/W) emulsion with high stability. Furthermore, the core imbibition simulation tests demonstrated that the viscosity reducer could improve the recovery of acidic crude oil from 29.6% to 49.4%, indicating the potential application of the optimized viscosity reducer in the exploitation of acidic crude oil. In conclusion, this study developed a novel emulsion viscosity reducer, which can reduce the viscosity and improve recovery of acidic crude oil by emulsifying into O/W emulsion. The optimized formula has potential for practical application in the exploitation of acidic crude oil.
9
Zhang, Fan, Qun Zhang, Zhaohui Zhou, Lingling Sun, and Yawen Zhou. "Study on the Effect of Different Viscosity Reducers on Viscosity Reduction and Emulsification with Daqing Crude Oil." Molecules 28, no. 3 (2023): 1399. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules28031399.
Full textAbstract:
The urgent problem to be solved in heavy oil exploitation is to reduce viscosity and improve fluidity. Emulsification and viscosity reduction technology has been paid more and more attention and its developments applied. This paper studied the viscosity reduction performance of three types of viscosity reducers and obtained good results. The viscosity reduction rate, interfacial tension, and emulsification performance of three types of viscosity reducers including anionic sulfonate, non-ionic (polyether and amine oxide), and amphoteric betaine were compared with Daqing crude oil. The results showed that the viscosity reduction rate of petroleum sulfonate and betaine was 75–85%. The viscosity reduction rate increased as viscosity reducer concentration increased. An increase in the oil–water ratio and polymer decreased viscosity reduction. When the concentration of erucamide oxide was 0.2%, the ultra-low interfacial tension was 4.41 × 10−3 mN/m. When the oil–water ratio was 1:1, the maximum water separation rates of five viscosity reducers were different. With an increase in the oil–water ratio, the emulsion changed from o/w emulsion to w/o emulsion, and the stability was better. Erucamide oxide and erucic betaine had good viscosity reduction and emulsification effects on Daqing crude oil. This work can enrich knowledge of the viscosity reduction of heavy oil systems with low relative viscosity and enrich the application of viscosity reducer varieties.
10
Zhang, Bowen, Zhiyong Song, and Yang Zhang. "Pore-Scale Mechanism Analysis of Enhanced Oil Recovery by Horizontal Well, Dissolver, Nitrogen, and Steam Combined Flooding in Reducer Systems with Different Viscosities for Heavy Oil Thermal Recovery." Energies 17, no. 19 (2024): 4783. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en17194783.
Full textAbstract:
Horizontal well, dissolver, nitrogen, and steam (HDNS) combined flooding is mainly applied to shallow and thin heavy oil reservoirs to enhance oil recovery. Due to the lack of pore-scale mechanism studies, it is impossible to clarify the oil displacement mechanism of each slug in the process combination and the influence of their interaction on enhanced oil recovery (EOR). Therefore, in this study, HDNS combined flooding technology was simulated in a two-dimensional visualization microscopic model, and three viscosity reducer systems and multi-cycle combined flooding processes were considered. In combination with an emulsification and viscosity reduction experiment, two-dimensional microscopic multiphase seepage experiments were carried out to compare the dynamic seepage law and microscopic occurrence state of multiphase fluids in different systems. The results showed that the ability of three viscosity reducers to improve viscosity reduction efficiency in HDNS combined flooding was A > B > C, and their contributions to the recovery reached 65%, 41%, and 30%, respectively. In the system where a high viscosity reduction efficiency was shown by the viscosity reducer, the enhancements of both sweeping efficiency and displacement efficiency were primarily influenced by the viscosity reducer flooding. Steam flooding collaborated to improve displacement efficiency. The thermal insulation characteristics of N2 flooding may not provide a gain effect. In the system where a low viscosity reduction efficiency was shown by the viscosity reducer, the steam flooding was more important, contributing to 57% of the sweeping efficiency. Nitrogen was helpful for expanding the sweep area of the subsequent steam and viscosity reducer, and the gain effect of the thermal insulation steam chamber significantly improved the displacement efficiency of the subsequent steam flooding by 25%. The interaction of each slug in HDNS combined flooding resulted in the additive effect of increasing production. In actual production, it is necessary to optimize the process and screen the viscosity reducer according to the actual conditions of the reservoir and the characteristics of different viscosity reducers.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Viscosity reducer"
1
Ramírez, Roa Leonardo Andrés. "Contribution to the Assessment of the Potential of Low Viscosity Engine Oils to Reduce ICE Fuel Consumption and CO2 Emissions." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Politècnica de València, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10251/73068.
Full textAbstract:
[EN] The automotive industry is currently experiencing one of its most rapidly
changing periods in recent decades, driven by a growing interest in reducing the
negative environmental impacts caused by fossil fuels consumption and the resulting
carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions generated during the operation of the
internal combustion engine (ICE) which have proven to contribute significantly
to Global Warming.
Given the fact that a total replacement of the current fleet, dependent of fossil
fuels, is unlikely to happen in the immediate future and the urgency to reducing
CO2 emissions from transportation in order to tackle Global Warming, it is possible
to say that optimizing current ICE technologies and conventional vehicles
and engines is a first order priority. Among the technical solutions developed to
improve the efficiency of ICE, low viscosity engine oils (LVEO) have emerged as
an effective and low-cost method that provides reductions in fuel consumption
between 0.5% and 5%.
During the development of this thesis, a test plan focused on determining
fuel consumption reduction when low viscosity oils are used in light duty vehicles
(LDV) and heavy duty vehicles (HDV) were carried out. The test plan has been
divided in three parts; the first part was focused on the study of light-duty vehicles
(LDV) using one diesel engine representative of the European market. During this
part three testing modes were used: comparative motored, fired stationary points
and transient homologation cycle tests. All test were performed in the engine
test bed. The second part of the study consisted of another comparative test,
this time using a different engine oils in a HDV fleet. The study was conducted
using the urban buses fleet of the city of Valencia, including 3 buses models ,
with 2 different powertrain technologies. The third part of the study was focused
on the friction coefficient behavior within the engine tribological pairs making
comparative tests in two specialized tribometers; one of reciprocating action to
simulate the lubrication conditions in the piston ring-cylinder liner contact and
a "ball-on-disk" tribometer to simulate the lubrication in the distribution system.
The various comparative studies have served to analyze how the friction and fuel
consumption responded when LVEO were used both in the ICE and the complete
vehicle contexts. The fuel consumption benefit found during the test was used to
calculate the carbon footprint reduction when LVEO were used.<br>[ES] Actualmente la industria de la automoción vive uno de los periodos de cambio
más vertiginosos de las últimas décadas, marcado por un creciente interés en
reducir los impactos medioambientales negativos generados por el consumo de
combustibles fósiles y sus consecuentes emisiones nocivas de dioxido de carbono
(CO2) generados durante el funcionamiento del motor de combustión interna
alternativo (MCIA).
Teniendo en cuenta que el proceso de sustitución de la flota actual por una totalmente
independiente de los combustibles fósiles puede tomar varias décadas,
y ante la urgencia inmediata de reducir las emisiones de CO2, se puede decir que
actualmente es más urgente hacer una optimización de los vehículos con motorizaciones
convencionales. Entre las soluciones técnicas que se han desarrollado
para mejorar la eficiencia del MCIA destaca la utilización de aceites de baja viscosidad
como un método efectivo y de bajo coste de implementación que brinda
reducciones del consumo entre el 0.5% y el 5%.
Durante el desarrollo de esta tesis se ha llevado a cabo un plan de ensayos
enfocado en determinar valores concretos de ahorro de combustible esperados
cuando se utilizan aceites de baja viscosidad en vehículos de trabajo ligero y pesado.
El plan de estudios se dividió en tres partes; la primera se centró en el estudio
de MCIA de vehículos de trabajo ligero, utilizando un motor Diesel representativo
del mercado Europeo y llevando a cabo pruebas comparativas en arrastre,
puntos de funcionamiento estacionarios y ciclos transitorios de homologación. La
segunda parte del estudio consta de otro ensayo comparativo, esta vez utilizando
una flota de vehículos de trabajo pesado. El estudio se realizó con la flota de autobuses
urbanos de la ciudad de Valencia, incluyéndose 3 modelos de autobuses,
con 2 tipos de motorización diferente. La tercera parte del estudio se centró en el
comportamiento del coeficiente de friction en los pares tribológicos del motor haciendo
ensayos comparativos con tribómetros especializados; uno de movimiento
alternativo para simular las condiciones de la interfaz piston-camisa y un "bola y
disco" para simular la lubricación en el sistema de distribución, específicamente
en la interfaz leva-taqué.
Los diversos estudios comparativos han servido para analizar como es la respuesta
general de la fricción y el consumo de combustible cuando se usan aceites
de baja viscosidad, tanto a nivel de motor como para la totalidad del vehículo, encontrando
diferencias de par en los ensayos de arrastre, de consumo específico de
combustible en los ensayos de motor en estado estacionario y diferencias totales
de consumo de combustible en los ensayos en régimen transitorio y en flota, que
a su vez han permitido estimar la reducción esperada en la huella de carbono.<br>[CAT] Actualment la indústria de l'automoció viu un dels períodes de canvi més vertiginoses
de les últimes dècades, marcat per un creixent interès en reduir els impactes
mediambientals negatius generats pel consum de combustibles fòssils i els
seus conseqüents emissions nocives de diòxid de carboni (CO2) generats durant
el funcionament del motor de combustió interna alternatiu (MCIA).
Tenint en compte que el procés de substitució de la flota actual per una totalment
independent dels combustibles fòssils pot prendre diverses dècades, i davant
la urgència immediata de reduir les emissions de CO2, es pot dir que actualment és
més urgent fer una optimització dels vehicles amb motoritzacions convencionals.
Entre les solucions tècniques que s'han desenvolupat per millorar l'eficiència del
MCIA destaca la utilització d'olis de baixa viscositat com un mètode efectiu i de
baix cost d'implementació que brinda reduccions del consum entre el 0.5% i el
5%.
Durant el desenvolupament d'aquesta tesi s'ha dut a terme un pla d'assajos
enfocat a determinar valors concrets d'estalvi de combustible esperats quan
s'utilitzen olis de baixa viscositat en vehicles de treball lleuger i pesat. El pla
d'estudis es va dividir en tres parts; la primera es va centrar en l'estudi de MCIA
de vehicles de treball lleuger, utilitzant un motor dièsel representatiu del mercat
Europeu i portant a terme proves comparatives en arrossegament, punts de
funcionament estacionaris i cicles transitoris d'homologació. la segona part de
l'estudi consta d'un altre assaig comparatiu, aquest cop utilitzant una flota de vehicles
de treball pesat. L'estudi es va realitzar amb la flota d'autobusos urbans
de la ciutat de València, incloent-se 3 models d'autobusos, amb 2 tipus de motorització
diferent. La tercera part de l'estudi es va centrar en el comportament
del coeficient de friction en els parells tribològics del motor fent assajos comparatius
amb tribómetros especialitzats; Un acció reciprocante per simular les condicions
del piston camisa i un bola i disc per simular la lubricació en el sistema de
distribució.
Els diversos estudis comparatius han servit per analitzar com és la resposta
general de la fricció i el consum de combustible quan es fan servir olis de baixa
viscositat, tant a nivell de motor com la totalitat del vehicle, trobant diferències
de bat a els assajos d'arrossegament, de consum específic de combustible en els
assajos de motor en estat estacionari i diferències totals de consum de combustible
en els assajos en règim transitori i en flota, que al seu torn han permès calcular la
reducció en la petjada de carbono.<br>Ramírez Roa, LA. (2016). Contribution to the Assessment of the Potential of Low Viscosity Engine Oils to Reduce ICE Fuel Consumption and CO2 Emissions [Tesis doctoral no publicada]. Universitat Politècnica de València. https://doi.org/10.4995/Thesis/10251/73068<br>TESIS
2
Mou, Changhong. "Data-Driven Variational Multiscale Reduced Order Modeling of Turbulent Flows." Diss., Virginia Tech, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/103895.
Full textAbstract:
In this dissertation, we consider two different strategies for improving the projection-based reduced order model (ROM) accuracy:
(I) adding closure terms to the standard ROM;
and
(II) using Lagrangian data to improve the ROM basis.
Following strategy (I), we propose a new data-driven reduced order model (ROM) framework that centers around the hierarchical structure of the variational multiscale (VMS) methodology and utilizes data to increase the ROM accuracy at a modest computational cost.
The VMS methodology is a natural fit for the hierarchical structure of the ROM basis:
In the first step, we use the ROM projection to separate the scales into three categories: (i) resolved large scales, (ii) resolved small scales, and (iii) unresolved scales.
In the second step, we explicitly identify the VMS-ROM closure terms, i.e., the terms representing the interactions among the three types of scales.
In the third step, we use available data to model the VMS-ROM closure terms.
Thus, instead of phenomenological models used in VMS for standard numerical discretizations (e.g., eddy viscosity models), we utilize available data to construct new structural VMS-ROM closure models.
Specifically, we build ROM operators (vectors, matrices, and tensors) that are closest to the true ROM closure terms evaluated with the available data.
We test the new data-driven VMS-ROM in the numerical simulation of four test cases:
(i) the 1D Burgers equation with viscosity coefficient $nu = 10^{-3}$;
(ii) a 2D flow past a circular cylinder at Reynolds numbers $Re=100$, $Re=500$, and $Re=1000$;
(iii) the quasi-geostrophic equations at Reynolds number $Re=450$ and Rossby number $Ro=0.0036$; and
(iv) a 2D flow over a backward facing step at Reynolds number $Re=1000$.
The numerical results show that the data-driven VMS-ROM is significantly more accurate than standard ROMs.
Furthermore, we propose a new hybrid ROM framework for the numerical simulation of fluid flows.
This hybrid framework incorporates two closure modeling strategies: (i) A structural closure modeling component that involves the recently proposed data-driven variational multiscale ROM approach, and (ii) A functional closure modeling component that introduces an artificial viscosity term.
We also utilize physical constraints for the structural ROM operators in order to add robustness to the hybrid ROM.
We perform a numerical investigation of the hybrid ROM for the three-dimensional turbulent channel flow at a Reynolds number $Re = 13,750$.
In addition, we focus on the mathematical foundations of ROM closures.
First, we extend the verifiability concept from large eddy simulation to the ROM setting.
Specifically, we call a ROM closure model verifiable if a small ROM closure model error (i.e., a small difference between the true ROM closure and the modeled ROM closure) implies a small ROM error.
Second, we prove that a data-driven ROM closure (i.e., the data-driven variational multiscale ROM) is verifiable.
For strategy (II), we propose new Lagrangian inner products that we use together with Eulerian and Lagrangian data to construct new Lagrangian ROMs.
We show that the new Lagrangian ROMs are orders of magnitude more accurate than the standard Eulerian ROMs, i.e., ROMs that use standard Eulerian inner product and data to construct the ROM basis.
Specifically, for the quasi-geostrophic equations, we show that the new Lagrangian ROMs are more accurate than the standard Eulerian ROMs in approximating not only Lagrangian fields (e.g., the finite time Lyapunov exponent (FTLE)), but also Eulerian fields (e.g., the streamfunction).
We emphasize that the new Lagrangian ROMs do not employ any closure modeling to model the effect of discarded modes (which is standard procedure for low-dimensional ROMs of complex nonlinear systems).
Thus, the dramatic increase in the new Lagrangian ROMs' accuracy is entirely due to the novel Lagrangian inner products used to build the Lagrangian ROM basis.<br>Doctor of Philosophy<br>Reduced order models (ROMs) are popular in physical and engineering applications: for example, ROMs are widely used in aircraft designing as it can greatly reduce computational cost for the aircraft's aeroelastic predictions while retaining good accuracy.
However, for high Reynolds number turbulent flows, such as blood flows in arteries, oil transport in pipelines, and ocean currents, the standard ROMs may yield inaccurate results.
In this dissertation, to improve ROM's accuracy for turbulent flows, we investigate three different types of ROMs.
In this dissertation, both numerical and theoretical results show that the proposed new ROMs yield more accurate results than the standard ROM and thus can be more useful.
3
Wang, Zhu. "Reduced-Order Modeling of Complex Engineering and Geophysical Flows: Analysis and Computations." Diss., Virginia Tech, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/27504.
Full textAbstract:
Reduced-order models are frequently used in the simulation of complex flows to overcome the high computational cost of direct numerical simulations, especially for three-dimensional nonlinear problems.
Proper orthogonal decomposition, as one of the most commonly used tools to generate reduced-order models, has been utilized in many engineering and scientific applications.
Its original promise of computationally efficient, yet accurate approximation of coherent structures in high Reynolds number turbulent flows, however, still remains to be fulfilled. To balance the low computational cost required by reduced-order modeling and the complexity of the targeted flows, appropriate closure modeling strategies need to be employed.
In this dissertation, we put forth two new closure models for the proper orthogonal decomposition reduced-order modeling of structurally dominated turbulent flows: the dynamic subgrid-scale model and the variational multiscale model.
These models, which are considered state-of-the-art in large eddy simulation, are carefully derived and numerically investigated.
Since modern closure models for turbulent flows generally have non-polynomial nonlinearities, their efficient numerical discretization within a proper orthogonal decomposition framework is challenging. This dissertation proposes a two-level method for an efficient and accurate numerical discretization of general nonlinear proper orthogonal decomposition closure models. This method computes the nonlinear terms of the reduced-order model on a coarse mesh. Compared with a brute force computational approach in which the nonlinear terms are evaluated on the fine mesh at each time step, the two-level method attains the same level of accuracy while dramatically reducing the computational cost. We numerically illustrate these improvements in the two-level method by using it in three settings: the one-dimensional Burgers equation with a small diffusion parameter, a two-dimensional flow past a cylinder at Reynolds number Re = 200, and a three-dimensional flow past a cylinder at Reynolds number Re = 1000.
With the help of the two-level algorithm, the new nonlinear proper orthogonal decomposition closure models (i.e., the dynamic subgrid-scale model and the variational multiscale model), together with the mixing length and the Smagorinsky closure models, are tested in the numerical simulation of a three-dimensional turbulent flow past a cylinder at Re = 1000. Five criteria are used to judge the performance of the proper orthogonal decomposition reduced-order models: the kinetic energy spectrum, the mean velocity, the Reynolds stresses, the root mean square values of the velocity fluctuations, and the time evolution of the proper orthogonal decomposition basis coefficients. All the numerical results are benchmarked against a direct numerical simulation. Based on these numerical results, we conclude that the dynamic subgrid-scale and the variational multiscale models are the most accurate.
We present a rigorous numerical analysis for the discretization of the new models. As a first step, we derive an error estimate for the time discretization of the Smagorinsky proper orthogonal decomposition reduced-order model for the Burgers equation with a small diffusion parameter.
The theoretical analysis is numerically verified by two tests on problems displaying shock-like phenomena.
We then present a thorough numerical analysis for the finite element discretization of the variational multiscale proper orthogonal decomposition reduced-order model for convection-dominated convection-diffusion-reaction equations. Numerical tests show the increased numerical accuracy over the standard reduced-order model and illustrate the theoretical convergence rates.
We also discuss the use of the new reduced-order models in realistic applications such as airflow simulation in energy efficient building design and control problems as well as numerical simulation of large-scale ocean motions in climate modeling. Several research directions that we plan to pursue in the future are outlined.<br>Ph. D.
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Ekulu, Ndiakama Gédéon. "Étude des phénomènes d'agrégation moléculaire dans les bruts pétroliers." Metz, 2005. http://docnum.univ-lorraine.fr/public/UPV-M/Theses/2005/Ekulu_Ndiakama.Gedeon.SMZ0507.pdf.
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L'objectif de cette étude était de proposer des méthodes de caractérisation des bruts de pétrole qui apportent une information pertinente, permettant d'évaluer les risques de floculation des asphaltènes. Nous avons ainsi utilisé 4 techniques expérimentales notamment la densimétrie, la chromatographie inverse, granulométrie laser et la calorimétrie différentielle à balayage permettant la connaissance des propriétés structurales et thermodynamiques des fluides pétroliers. Nous avons proposé une nouvelle méthode de détermination du seuil de floculation des asphaltènes basée sur le changement de densité de fluide pétrolier entraîné par le phénomène de floculation. La chromatographie inverse a permis de déterminer le paramètre de solubilité de Hildebrand des fluides pétroliers et des asphaltènes d'une part et d'autre part leur caractérisation chimique à l'aide paramètre LSER. Les résultats obtenus par la calorimétrie et la granulométrie laser permettent de comprendre la variation de la structure colloïdale des fluides pétroliers avec la température et la composition<br>The objective of this study was to propose methods of characterization of the crude oils, making it possible to evaluating the risks of asphaltenes flocculation. With this view, we have used four experimental techniques: densimetry, inverse gas chromatography, dynamic light scattering and differential scanning calorimetry allowing to assess necessary thermodynamic and structural properties of crude oils. The firts two techniques brought a thermodynamic characterization of the crude oils, while following ones made it possible to characterize the structures of the crude oils and the aggregates asphaltenic. We have proposed a new method to determine asphaltenes flocculation onset based on the changes of the crude oils density implied by the flocculation process. Inverse chromatography allowed to determine the Hildebrand solubility parameter of crude oil and asphaltenes and to obtain the chemical characterization of them in terms of LSER paramters. Calorimetry and light scattering results gave valuable insight into variation of the colloidal structure of the crude oil with temperature and composition changes
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Kotikalapudi, Sivaramakrishna. "Spreading of initially spherical viscous droplets." Link to electronic version, 2000. http://www.wpi.edu/Pubs/ETD/Available/etd-0930100-201701/restricted/kotikalapudi.pdf.
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Thesis (M.S.)--Worcester Polytechnic Institute.<br>Keywords: crown; splash; spreading; oscillatory; droplets; microgravity; viscosity; map; stability; solid surface; surface tension; gravity. Includes bibliographical references (p. 111-113).
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Chrobák, Jan. "Analýza vlastností provozních kapalin." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta elektrotechniky a komunikačních technologií, 2012. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-219800.
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This diploma thesis is focused on introducing the mathematical and physical fundamentals of viskosity, density and refractive index of liquids and methods of its measurement. Based on available literatures specify review of areas in which the measurement of dynamic viscosity is used for evaluation the actual state of liquid materials. Discuss the possibility of using for example variables to determine the concentration of fat in milk and ethanol in alcoholic beverages. The sample of liquid to realize the practical measurements.
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Alfi, Masoud. "Ionizing Electron Incidents as an Efficient Way to Reduce Viscosity of Heavy Petroleum Fluids." Thesis, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/ETD-TAMU-2012-08-11534.
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The dependence on oil and the fact that petroleum conventional reservoirs are becoming depleted direct attentions toward unconventional-and harder to access-reservoirs. Among those, heavy and extremely heavy oil reservoirs and tar sands form a considerable portion of all petroleum resources. Conventional thermal and thermocatalytic refining methods are not affordable choices in some cases, as they demand a considerable energy investment. On the other hand, electron irradiation, as a novel technology, provides more promising results in heavy oil upgrading.
Electron irradiation, as a method of delivering energy to a target molecule, ensures that most of the energy is absorbed by the molecule electronic structure. This leads to a very efficient generation of reactive species, which are capable of initiating chemical reactions. In contrast, when using thermal energy, only a small portion of the energy goes into the electronic structure of the molecule; therefore, bond rupture will result only at high energy levels.
The effect of electron irradiation on different heavy petroleum fluids is investigated in this study. Radiation-induced physical and chemical changes of the fluids have been evaluated using different analytical instruments. The results show that high energy electron particles intensify the cracking of heavy hydrocarbons into lighter species. Moreover, irradiation is seen to limit any post-treatment reactions, providing products of higher stability. Depending on the characteristics of the radiolyzed fluid, irradiation may change the distribution pattern of the products, or the radiolysis process may follow the same mechanism that thermal cracking does.
In addition to that, we have studied the effectiveness of different influencing variables such as reaction temperature, absorbed dose values, and additives on radiolytic reactions. More specifically, the following subjects are addressed in this study:
*Radiation?induced chain reactions of heavy petroleum fluids
*Complex hydrocarbon cracking mechanism
*High and low temperature radiolysis
*Synergetic effects of different chemical additives in radiolysis reactions
*Time stability of radiation products
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Peng, Dongdong. "Studies of polymer thin films using atomic force microscopy." Thesis, 2013. https://hdl.handle.net/2144/14249.
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This thesis focuses on how the properties of polymer thin films depend on the film thickness and molecular weight (Mw). Previous studies of polystyrene (PS) films coated on silica with Mw of 2.4 and 212 kg/mol found that the viscosity of the films decreases with decreasing film thickness. A two-layer model assuming a 3 nm thick
mobile layer situated at the top surface of the film and hydrodynamically coupled to a bulklike inner layer is able to describe the viscosity of the films. To better understand the dynamics exhibited by the surface mobile layer, this work extends the measurement to various other Mw up to 2316 kg/mol.
The result shows that the viscosity of the films also decreases with decreasing film thickness and can be described by the same two-layer model. But there are exceptional findings as well. Specifically, the viscosity of the high-Mw films (> 60 kg/mol) exhibit a Mw^0 dependence, distinctly different from the Mw^3.4 dependence exhibited by the viscosity of the bulk polymer. Moreover, the surface chains in the high-Mw films, as inferred from the two-layer model, are in an unphysically stretched
state. These observations led to the conjecture that the viscosity reduction in the high-Mw films is due to a different mechanism from that in the lower Mw films which is directly tied to the surface mobile layer as in the two-layer model.
To scrutinize this conjecture, viscosity measurement is extended to PS films doped with Dioctyl phthalate (DOP). A previous experiment showed that the influence of the surface on the overall dynamics in this system is likely to be much smaller than in the undoped films. The measurement results are examined to determine, among other things, whether the viscosity reduction relative to that in the undoped films is weaker in the low-Mw than in the high-Mw regime.
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Benkreira, Hadj, and J. Bruce Ikin. "Dissolution and growth of entrained bubbles when dip coating in a gas under reduced pressure." 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10454/9041.
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No<br>This study assesses experimentally the role of gas dissolution in gas entrainment which hitherto has been speculated on but not measured. In this paper, we used dip coating as the model experimental flow and performed the experiments with a dip coater encased in a vacuum chamber in which we admitted various gases. An appropriate choice of gases (air, carbon dioxide and helium) coupled with low pressure conditions from atmospheric down to 75 mbar enables us to test whether gas solubility is a key determinant in gas entrainment. The data presented here track the evolution in time of the size of bubbles of gas entrained in the liquid (silicone oil) which we observed to always occur at a critical speed, immediately after the dynamic wetting line breaks from a straight line into a serrated line with tiny vees the downstream apices of which are the locations from which the bubbles stream out. The results suggest that permeability combining solubility and diffusivity as a single parameter dictates the rate of dissolution when at atmospheric pressure. Helium, despite its comparatively sluggish rate of dissolution/growth into silicone oil was observed to have a more enhanced gas entrainment speed than air and carbon dioxide. Thus, the hypothetical contention from previous work (Miyamoto and Scriven, 1982) that gas can be entrained as a thin film which breaks into bubbles before dynamic wetting failure occurs is not realised, at least not in dip coating. The data presented here reinforce recent work by Benkreira and Ikin (2010) that thin film gas viscosity is the critical factor, over-riding dissolution during gas entrainment. This finding is fundamentally important and new and provides the experimental basis needed to develop and underpin new models for gas entrainment in coating flows.
Books on the topic "Viscosity reducer"
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Scoles, Graham John. Further development and testing of fall rye and spring rye material having reduced viscosity. Agriculture Development Fund, 2001.
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Chan, Alexander K. T. *. Coating the surfaces of dispersed particles to reduce viscosity and drag. 1988.
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Rajeev, S. G. Boundary Layers. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198805021.003.0007.
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It is found experimentally that all the components of fluid velocity (not just thenormal component) vanish at a wall. No matter how small the viscosity, the large velocity gradients near a wall invalidate Euler’s equations. Prandtl proposed that viscosity has negligible effect except near a thin region near a wall. Prandtl’s equations simplify the Navier-Stokes equation in this boundary layer, by ignoring one dimension. They have an unusual scale invariance in which the distances along the boundary and perpendicular to it have different dimensions. Using this symmetry, Blasius reduced Prandtl’s equations to one dimension. They can then be solved numerically. A convergent analytic approximation was also found by H. Weyl. The drag on a flat plate can now be derived, resolving d’Alembert’s paradox. When the boundary is too long, Prandtl’s theory breaks down: the boundary layer becomes turbulent or separates from the wall.
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Succi, Sauro. Lattice Relaxation Schemes. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780199592357.003.0014.
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In Chapter 13, it was shown that the complexity of the LBE collision operator can be cut down dramatically by formulating discrete versions with prescribed local equilibria. In this chapter, the process is taken one step further by presenting a minimal formulation whereby the collision matrix is reduced to the identity, upfronted by a single relaxation parameter, fixing the viscosity of the lattice fluid. The idea is patterned after the celebrated Bhatnagar–Gross–Krook (BGK) model Boltzmann introduced in continuum kinetic theory as early as 1954. The second part of the chapter describes the comeback of the early LBE in optimized multi-relaxation form, as well as few recent variants hereof.
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Marini, John J., and Paolo Formenti. Pathophysiology and prevention of sputum retention. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199600830.003.0119.
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Retention of airway mucus is one of the major problem that confronts post-operative and critically-ill patients, as well as the caregivers that address it. Retained secretions increase the work of breathing and promote hypoxaemia, atelectasis, and pneumonia. The airway-intubated patient is at particular risk of retaining mucus, as the presence of the tube interrupts normal flow of airway secretions toward the larynx by the mucociliary escalator and coughing effectiveness is degraded by a glottis that is stented open and cannot close effectively. Clearance of mucus is aided by using sufficient gas stream and total body hydration to reduce sputum viscosity and lubricate secretion plugs. Airway suctioning, a routine, but inherently traumatic experience for the patient, may clear the central airway, but leave peripheral airways unrelieved of their secretion burden. Prone positioning appears to confer an advantage regarding secretion drainage and clearance. Physiotherapy techniques may be useful in re-establishing and maintaining airway patency.
Book chapters on the topic "Viscosity reducer"
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Zhu, Tong-yu, Wan-li Kang, Hong-bin Yang, et al. "Application of Microemulsion as Non-thermal Viscosity Reducer for Heavy Oil." In Proceedings of the International Field Exploration and Development Conference 2021. Springer Nature Singapore, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-19-2149-0_120.
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Lu, Chuan, Laiming Song, Yintao Dong, and Guanzhong Chen. "Investigation of Viscosity Reducer and Non-condensable Gas to Improve Heavy Oil Recovery." In Proceedings of the International Field Exploration and Development Conference 2021. Springer Nature Singapore, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-19-2149-0_325.
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Wang, Jiu-yang, Fei Guo, Chuan-min Xiao, Yan-juan Zhang, and Li-jia Hou. "Research on Improving the Flowability of Heavy Oil by Water-Soluble Self-diffusion Viscosity Reducer." In Springer Series in Geomechanics and Geoengineering. Springer Nature Singapore, 2025. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-96-5158-0_55.
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Ao, Ke, Ping-ping Zhong, Qin Yuan, Yi-heng Wang, and Shen-da Li. "Synthesis and Performance Evaluation of a Novel Humic Acid-Based Viscosity Reducer for Heavy Oil." In Springer Series in Geomechanics and Geoengineering. Springer Nature Singapore, 2025. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-96-5158-0_30.
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Gooch, Jan W. "Reduced Viscosity." In Encyclopedic Dictionary of Polymers. Springer New York, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4419-6247-8_9831.
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Dang, Fa-qiang, Song-yan Li, Xiao-lin He, and Rui Ma. "Investigation on Enhanced Oil Recovery with Foaming Viscosity Reducer Flooding in Deep Heavy Oil Reservoir Using Experimental and Numerical Simulation Methods." In Springer Series in Geomechanics and Geoengineering. Springer Nature Singapore, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-97-0264-0_85.
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Li, Yongxiang, Xiatong Kang, Qi Gao, and Yongjie Jia. "Rheological Properties of Composite Modified Asphalt with Direct Coal Liquefaction Residues." In Lecture Notes in Civil Engineering. Springer Nature Singapore, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-99-1748-8_5.
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AbstractIn order to solve the problem of high-value utilization of coal-to-oil residual direct coal liquefaction residual asphalt, it is compounded with SBS and aromatic oil to modify the matrix asphalt, and 9 compounding schemes are designed using orthogonal experimental methods. Dynamic frequency sweep tests using DSR and a simplified Carreau equation model fitted to the complex viscosity to obtain its zero shear viscosity; the creep recovery rate, irrecoverable creep flexibility and irrecoverable creep flexibility difference of each modified asphalt were determined by MSCR at different temperatures and stress levels, and the high temperature rheological properties of 9 composite modified asphalts were evaluated by grey correlation analysis of zero shear viscosity and high temperature rheological parameters. Bending beam rheological experiments were carried out on the aged composite modified asphalt to analyse its low temperature rheological properties based on the viscoelastic parameters and linear fitting of the Burgers model. The results show that: The high temperature deformation resistance of DCLR composite modified asphalt are better than the matrix asphalt, the most influential modifier is SBS, and the higher the dose, the stronger the high temperature deformation resistance. The unrecoverable creep flexibility Jnr3.2 at 70 °C can better respond to the high temperature performance of asphalt, the ratio of 9% DCLR + 4% SBS + 2% aromatic oil DCLR composite modified asphalt with the best high temperature performance. Burgers model can better reflect the creep process of asphalt, DCLR composite modified asphalt has some defects in low temperature performance, the higher the dose of DCLR, the poorer the low temperature performance of the composite modified asphalt. The low temperature sensitivity of DCLR composite modified asphalt has been reduced, low temperature crack resistance has been slightly enhanced.
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Suo, Zhi, Shijie Xu, Tao Hu, Yue Zhang, Yating Wang, and Sheng Yang. "Study on Performance of Reactive Diluted Cold Patch Asphalt Fluid." In Lecture Notes in Civil Engineering. Springer Nature Singapore, 2024. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-97-6238-5_10.
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AbstractA reactive dilution type of cold patch asphalt liquid was developed in this study using acrylate epoxidized soybean oil (AESO). The AESO was employed as a reactive diluent to replace a portion of conventional solvents. The curing of the cold patch asphalt liquid was facilitated through photoinitiation to enhance the road performance of the cold patch asphalt mixture. An orthogonal experimental design method was used to optimize the proportions of various components, followed by laboratory experiments to investigate the performance of the developed reactive dilution type of cold patch asphalt liquid. The research results indicated that AESO could replace a portion of solvents and significantly reduce the viscosity of the asphalt. The best improvement in the rheological properties of the cold patch asphalt was achieved when the dosage of AESO was 4%. Further increasing the dosage of AESO did not significantly enhance the performance improvement and instead increased viscosity, which was unfavorable for construction. SEM observations revealed the formation of a uniform network structure in the asphalt after curing with AESO, which can enhance the road performance of the cold patch asphalt mixture. The road performance of the reactive dilution type of cold patch asphalt mixture was also preliminarily evaluated through Marshall stability tests.
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Grekova, Elena F., and Aleksandra P. Piatysheva. "Reduced Linear Viscoelastic Isotropic Cosserat Medium with Translational Viscosity: A Double Negative Acoustic Metamaterial." In Advanced Structured Materials. Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-38708-2_10.
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Cimarelli, A., A. Crivellini, A. Abbà, and M. Germano. "Reduced Description and Modelling of Small-Scale Turbulence by Means of a Tensorial Turbulent Viscosity." In Springer Proceedings in Physics. Springer International Publishing, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-22196-6_4.
Full textConference papers on the topic "Viscosity reducer"
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Han, Ming, Shaohua Chen, Jinxun Wang, and Abdulkareem AlSofi. "Improving Heavy Oil Production Using Viscosity Reducers." In International Petroleum Technology Conference. IPTC, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.2523/iptc-22518-ea.
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Abstract Chemicals for viscosity reduction play an important role in improving heavy oil production amongst other more commonly used technologies, such as crude oil heating by steam, and oil dilution with solvents. The viscosity reducer is able to dissolve in aqueous solutions, which makes it easy to handle and implement in wellbore lifting, huff-n-puff or well-to-well injection. In this work, eleven heavy oil viscosity reducers originally in emulsion form were investigated against a degassed conventional heavy oil with a viscosity of 246 mPa.s at 60°C. They were evaluated in terms of compatibility with high salinity water, interfacial tension, static adsorption onto carbonate core powders, viscosity reduction, micromodel displacement, and coreflooding displacement. The viscosity reducers present respectively either excellent or good compatibility with a high salinity brine of 57,760 mg/L total dissolved solids (TDS). The slight difference in compatibility did not affect wate/oil interfacial tension but affect significantly the static adsorption onto carbonates. Significant heavy oil viscosity reduction was observed when mixed with 2 wt% viscosity reducers at a water-cut of 30%. Among eleven viscosity reducers, one reduced the viscosity by 82%, three by 60% to 70%, four by 50% to 60%, and three by 25% to 50%. Micromodel displacement presented consistent trend in oil recovery, ranging between 10% and 50% beyond waterflooding. Coreflooding displacement showed that the selected viscosity reducer (HOVR10) in solution increased heavy oil production by 20.3%. Efficient viscosity reducers provide an economical way to improve heavy oil productoin. They would reduce the energy consumption in producing heavy oil from the subsurface formation to surface facilities. As such, the application of heavy oil viscosity reducer would not only improve well productivity but also reduce operational costs.
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Hu, Y. Thomas, David Fisher, Pious Kurian, and Ron Calaway. "Proppant Transport by a High Viscosity Friction Reducer." In SPE Hydraulic Fracturing Technology Conference and Exhibition. Society of Petroleum Engineers, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/189841-ms.
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Zhang, Fan, Desheng Ma, Maozhang Tian, et al. "Study on a Novel Viscosity Reducer for High Viscosity and Low Permeability Reservoirs." In SPE Middle East Oil & Gas Show and Conference. Society of Petroleum Engineers, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/183858-ms.
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Yang, Ming-Shan, Hong-Liang Tong, and Ming Liang. "Synthesis of oil-soluble viscosity reducer for crude oil." In 2016 International Conference on Advanced Materials, Technology and Application (AMTA2016). WORLD SCIENTIFIC, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/9789813200470_0003.
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Vazquez, Zoraida, Clayton S. Smith, Nathan Emery, Andrew Babey, Sarkis Kakadjian, and Keith Trego. "High Viscosity Friction Reducer that Minimizes Damage to Conductivity." In SPE International Conference and Exhibition on Formation Damage Control. SPE, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/208835-ms.
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Abstract Friction reducers (FRs) are commonly used in Slickwater fracturing operations to enhance oil and gas production. They are essential in reducing the frictional forces that develop along the pipe wall while pumping at high flow rates while placing proppant into fractures created in reservoirs. Standard friction reducers were historically designed for potable water and to carry proppant into the reservoir by pumping fluids at a high flow rate. They were designed to utilize turbulence for transport, however their proppant carrying capacity is limited. To maximize proppant loading into these unconventional wells, High Viscosity Friction Reducers (HVFRs) have been successfully introduced. They have the ability to reduce water consumption, minimizing chemical usage and require less operating equipment on location. Most importantly, they have better proppant transport capability which keeps the fractures in the rock open for long term production. However, some concerns remain of potential conductivity damage that might occur when using these high molecular weight polyacrylamide-based fluids, that constitute a HVFR, at higher concentrations. All current friction reducers are polymers with C-C backbones, which have historically been difficult to degrade on their own. Test show that these polymers can cause conductivity damage even in the presence of oxidizer breakers if not properly selected for the reservoir conditions. A novel HVFR design was developed to minimize formation damage when fracturing designs call for the use of HVFRs. The chemistry was engineered to be self-breaking at low concentrations, causing the bonds in the polymer to hydrolyze with elevated temperature and exposure over time. This approach results in a reduction of the residue left in the proppant pack upon flowback for a better clean-up process. This HVFR was used in a Permian field, where the operator saw an increase of 150% over the expected production that continued through the writing of this paper 90+ days. This paper will discuss the laboratory work done to evaluate the reduction of conductivity damage to the proppant pack as well highlight how this new engineered design translated into improved estimated ultimate recovery (EUR) on field trials in the Permian basin.
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Johnson, Matt, Adam Winkler, Carl Aften, Phil Sullivan, W. A. Hill, and Criss VanGilder. "Successful Implementation of High Viscosity Friction Reducer in Marcellus Shale Stimulation." In SPE/AAPG Eastern Regional Meeting. Society of Petroleum Engineers, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/191774-18erm-ms.
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Lesage, Nicolas, and Eric Tournis. "Emulsion Viscosity Reducer: Comparison of Chemicals Performance to Improve Oil Production." In SPE International Conference on Oilfield Chemistry. SPE, 2025. https://doi.org/10.2118/224276-ms.
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Abstract The production of formation water in mature oil fields increases the water cut and emulsion viscosity, which in turn raises the pressure drop in wells and subsea flowlines. Emulsion ViscoReducers (EVRs) have been proposed to mitigate this issue, but their application presents various challenges due to the complex nature of emulsion systems and differing oil production conditions. This study aims to compare the protocols provided by different suppliers for selecting EVRs, evaluate their performance in field tests, and assess the effectiveness of EVRs with real fluids. By addressing these points, we hope to provide a clearer understanding of the effectiveness of different EVRs and offer insights into optimizing their use in the oil and gas sector. We conducted tests on well samples with measured water cut and viscosity, utilizing a range of EVRs provided by five different suppliers. The performance of these EVRs was evaluated based on their separation efficiency, viscosity reduction, and the impact of varying concentrations and water cuts. Our results showed significant differences in the performance of EVRs under the same test conditions, with some achieving up to 80% water recovery and 95% viscosity reduction. This study highlights the importance of selecting the appropriate EVR for each specific crude and emulsion, and the challenges of standardizing EVR application in the oil and gas industry. Our findings provide valuable insights into optimizing the use of EVRs to improve oil production efficiency. Future field tests are recommended to further evaluate the downhole performance of EVRs and their impact on overall production processes.
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Zhang, Fusheng, Jian Ouyang, Muxi Wu, Guijiang Wang, and Hong Lin. "Enhancing Waterflooding Effectiveness Of The Heavy Oil Reservoir Using The Viscosity Reducer." In SPE Asia Pacific Oil and Gas Conference and Exhibition. Society of Petroleum Engineers, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/133214-ms.
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Bin, Ding, Geng Xiangfei, He Lipeng, Peng Baoliang, and Luo Jianhui. "Synthesis and Evaluation of A Macromolecular Viscosity Reducer for Venezuela Heavy Oil." In SPE/IATMI Asia Pacific Oil & Gas Conference and Exhibition. Society of Petroleum Engineers, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/176402-ms.
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Chen, S., M. Han, and A. AlSofi. "A Synergistic Binary Viscosity Reducer System for Improved Heavy Crude Oil Production." In 82nd EAGE Annual Conference & Exhibition. European Association of Geoscientists & Engineers, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.3997/2214-4609.202112435.
Full textReports on the topic "Viscosity reducer"
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Joseph, Ilon. Viscosity and Vorticity in Reduced Magneto-Hydrodynamics. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1240946.
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Hoffman, Wesley. In Situ Densification Utilizing a Low-Viscosity Wetting Impregnant that Greating Reduces Processing Time to Produce Uniform Density Carbon-Carbon Composites. Defense Technical Information Center, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada406248.
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Machute, Ana, Lucas Tamele Jr., Arão Manhique, Afonso Macheca, and Hermínio Muiambo. Effect of jatropha curcas oil on the thermorheological properties of asphalt binder modified with recycled HDPE. Universidad de los Andes, 2024. https://doi.org/10.51573/andes.pps39.ss.cep.1.
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The application of bio-oils in asphalt and polymer-modified asphalt (PMA), has recently received considerable attention as a pivotal method for enhancing the high-temperature performance of asphalt mixtures while maintaining good binder’s workability. In this study, Jatropha curcas oil (JCO) was selected and evaluated as an PMA modifier. JCO-rHDPE-modified bio-asphalt was prepared with different JCO contents: 1, 3, and 5 wt.%. Physical tests (penetration, softening point, and ductility), rheological tests (dynamic viscosity and rolling thin-film oven test–RTFOT), and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) were employed to evaluate the effect of JCO on the rheological, aging, and thermal properties of unmodified and HDPE-modified asphalt. The addition of JCO was effective in reducing the age hardening of asphalt binders due to an increase in penetration and ductility and a decrease in the softening point, and penetration index values. Aged asphalt binder with a combination of JCO and rHDPE has improved resistance to thermo-oxidative aging, exhibiting lower oxidation and volatilization after RTFOT. TGA indicated that the addition of JCO and rHDPE increases the thermal stability of modified binders by delaying the initial decomposition temperature of neat asphalt by 10ºC. The incorporation of JCO leads to a decrease in the viscosity of both virgin and rHDPE-modified asphalt. Thus, JCO-rHDPE-modified asphalt has better workability as well as potentially reduced fuel consumption and harmful emissions at pavement service temperatures.
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Goldak, J. L51647 Welding on Fluid Filled and Pressurized Pipelines-Transient 3D Analysis. Pipeline Research Council International, Inc. (PRCI), 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.55274/r0011356.
Full textAbstract:
The objective of this project was to determine if research in Computational Weld Mechanics had matured to the stage where it could simulate the process of welding on a pressurized pipeline and provide useful estimates of the risk of burn-through. To achieve that objective we have compared the results of our FEM analyzes of several welds with the experimental data reported in "http://www.prci.com/publications/L51763.htm" PR-185-9515, Repair of Pipelines by Direct Deposition of Weld Metal: Further Studies. The temperature and deformation predicted by our FEM analysis agrees quite well with the experimental data. The critical input data in addition to the internal pressure in the pipe, the geometry of the pipe, the size and shape of the weld pool including weld reinforcement, are the convection coefficient on the internal pipe surface and the temperature dependence of the viscosity of the pipe metal. Our FEM analysis shows that creep under the weld pool can thin the pipe wall and form a groove. In welds that show significant groove formation and thus high risk of burn through, this groove is significantly deeper than in welds that are at low risk of burn-through. When the pipe wall is thinned by the groove, the internal pipe wall temperature increases under the weld pool. Also the groove could reduce the convection on the internal pipe wall. This would further increase the temperature on the internal pipe wall under the weld pool and further accelerate actual burn-through. In our FEM analysis, we found no significant groove formation in those welds for which no significant groove formation was reported in the PR-185-9515 experiments. We found significant groove formation exactly in those welds that burned-through or were at high risk of burn-through. In those welds, the FEM analyses predicted a somewhat deeper groove than experiment. This suggests the FEM analyses erred on the safe side. In this sense, we conclude that we have succeeded in computing useful estimates of the risk of burn-through using Computational Weld Mechanics. It is notable that almost no use is made of adjustable or tuning parameters. To simulate the actual burn-through we conjecture that we would need to include inertial forces in the stress analysis.
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Correlation Between Vibration Level, Lubricating Oil Viscosity and Total Number Base of an Internal Combustion Engine Operated with Gasoline and Ethanol. SAE International, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.4271/2022-01-0620.
Full textAbstract:
Lubricating oils for automotive engines have been incorporating important improvements in chemical properties to increase engine performance, reduce fuel consumption and vehicular emissions indices, in addition to increasing the time interval for changing the lubricant itself. The objective of this study is to investigate the vibrational behavior of the block and crankshaft an Otto cycle internal combustion engine operated with ethanol and gasoline fuel as a function of the viscosity and total base number (TBN) of the lubricant. The study consisted of instrumenting the block and the 1st and 5th fixed bearings of the crankshaft with accelerometers to measure the engine vibration intensity and operating the engine on a bench dynamometer in a specific test cycle. Each experiment lasted 600 hours and every 50 hours a block and crankshaft engine vibration level were measured and 100ml sample of lubricating oil was collected to check viscosity and TBN chemical lubricant's properties. The results show that the block and crankshaft engine vibration level increases with the time of use of the lubricating oil and that this increase is very significant when the oil viscosity an TBN chemical properties reaches the minimum value stipulated by the manufacturer lubricating oil. Semi-synthetic and synthetic lubricating oils have similar engine protection characteristics, but synthetic oil protects the engine for a longer period of time due to less degradation of viscosity an TBN chemical properties compared to semi-synthetic. Mineral lubricating oil presented protection for a very short test period, due to the rapid degradation of chemical properties and measurements showed an average increase of 20% of vibration engine running with mineral lubricating oil in relation synthetic and semi-synthetic oils. This research is important because it correlates the degradation of the lubricating oil with the engine vibration level and vibration problems in internal combustion engines produce premature wear on the internal components of the engine, which contributes to reduce the lifespan of the engine. This study also shows how is important to observe the correct application of automotive oils.