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1

Li, Zongyang. "Insights into Enhanced Oil Recovery by Coupling Branched-Preformed Particle Gel and Viscosity Reducer Flooding in Ordinary Heavy Oil Reservoir." Geofluids 2023 (June 30, 2023): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2023/9357711.

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Viscosity reducer flooding has been successfully applied in tertiary oil recovery of ordinary heavy oil reservoirs. However, lowering interfacial tension or reducing oil viscosity, which is more critical for viscosity reducer to improve oil recovery of ordinary heavy oil, has not yet formed a unified understanding, which restricts the further large-scale application of viscosity reducer flooding for ordinary heavy oil reservoir. Moreover, when the dominant water flow channel is formed in the reservoir, the sweep efficiency decreases sharply and can affect oil recovery efficiency of viscosity r
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2

Xu, Zhengdong, Mingjie Li, Yidan Kong, et al. "Synthesis and Performance Evaluation of Graphene-Based Comb Polymer Viscosity Reducer." Energies 16, no. 15 (2023): 5779. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en16155779.

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The high viscosity of heavy oil makes it difficult to realize its economic value. Therefore, improving the fluidity of heavy oil can effectively improve the economic benefit of the development of heavy oil resources. Oil-soluble viscosity reducers can utilize functional groups in monomers to break up asphaltene aggregates to improve the flow of crude oil. Graphene can be used to insert and split asphaltene aggregates through sliding phenomena and π–π interaction with colloidal asphaltene, thereby improving the fluidity of heavy oil. In this study, a graphene nanocomposite viscosity reducer was
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3

Gu, Ling Ya, Wen Ya Liu, Bei Qing Huang, Xian Fu Wei, and Xiao Yang. "Effect of Viscosity Reducer and Varnish on Ink-Transferring Ratio." Applied Mechanics and Materials 200 (October 2012): 681–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.200.681.

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In order to study influence of the variation of both viscosity and tack of the ink on the ink–transferring ratio. viscosity reducer and varnish to adjust ink viscosity and tack , the influence of the volume on tack volume and viscosity are obtained and also the influence of on the ink-transferring ratio by vatiation of the tack volume and viscosity . The results show that , the viscosity and tack of ink are both decrease with the amount of varnish and viscosity reducer increase. But varnish has a little effect on tack. Adding different proportion of varnish, ink-transferring ratio will reach b
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4

Liao, Hui, Zongbin Liu, Dong Liu, Taotao Ge, and Chunxiao Du. "Study on Mechanism and Effect of Different Viscosity Reducing Methods on Offshore Heavy Oil." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2834, no. 1 (2024): 012093. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2834/1/012093.

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Abstract Bohai is rich in heavy oil. And its efficient development is significant. In this essay, ordinary heavy oil and extra one were selected, and the viscosity characteristics was also investigated referring to its internal composition. And so as the reducing viscosity effects of steam, oil-soluble viscosity reducer, diesel, emulsifier, flue gas and carbon dioxide. The experimental results show that resin and asphaltene content have positive effect on the viscosity of heavy oil. Compared with ordinary heavy oil, the drop is significantly greater when the temperature increases by 10°C. For
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5

Ma, Chao, Xingyu Liu, Longlong Xie, et al. "Synthesis and Molecular Dynamics Simulation of Amphiphilic Low Molecular Weight Polymer Viscosity Reducer for Heavy Oil Cold Recovery." Energies 14, no. 21 (2021): 6856. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en14216856.

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In order to reduce the viscosity of heavy oil, the performance of emulsifying viscosity reducers is limited. In this study, a new kind of amphiphilic low molecular weight viscosity reducer was prepared by emulsion copolymerization of acrylamide (AM), acrylic acid (AA), 2-acrylamido-2-methylpropanesulfonic acid (AMPS), and Butene benzene (PB). The synthesis feasibility and viscosity reduction mechanism of viscosity reducer in heavy oil were explored using Materials Studio software from the perspective of molecular dynamics. The results of the molecular dynamics simulation revealed that the addi
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6

Tao, Lei, Guangzhi Yin, Wenyang Shi, et al. "Steam-Alternating CO2/Viscosity Reducer Huff and Puff for Improving Heavy Oil Recovery: A Case of Multi-Stage Series Sandpack Model with Expanded Sizes." Processes 12, no. 12 (2024): 2920. https://doi.org/10.3390/pr12122920.

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Aiming at the challenges of rapid heat dissipation, limited swept efficiency, and a rapid water cut increase in steam huff and puff development in heavy oil reservoirs, an alternating steam and CO2/viscosity reducer huff and puff method for IOR was proposed. In this work, the effect of CO2 on the physical properties of heavy oil was evaluated, and the optimal concentration of viscosity reducer for synergistic interaction between CO2 and the viscosity reducer was determined. Next, novel huff and puff simulation experiments by three sandpack models of different sizes in series were analyzed. The
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7

Wang, Junqi, Ruiqing Liu, Bo Wang, et al. "Synthesis of Polyether Carboxylate and the Effect of Different Electrical Properties on Its Viscosity Reduction and Emulsification of Heavy Oil." Polymers 15, no. 14 (2023): 3139. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym15143139.

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Heavy oil exploitation needs efficient viscosity reducers to reduce viscosity, and polyether carboxylate viscosity reducers have a significant viscosity reduction effect on heavy oil. Previous work has studied the effect of different side chain lengths on this viscosity reducer, and now a series of polyether carboxylate viscosity reducers, including APAD, APASD, APAS, APA, and AP5AD (the name of the viscosity reducer is determined by the name of the desired monomer), with different electrical properties have been synthesized to investigate the effect of their different electrical properties on
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8

Cao, Yang, Yanlin Guo, Tao Wu, and Dejun Sun. "Synergistic emulsification of polyetheramine/nanofluid system as a novel viscosity reducer of acidic crude oil." Materials Science-Poland 41, no. 4 (2023): 107–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/msp-2023-0049.

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Abstract Oil is a critical raw material for energy and industry, the depletion of conventional oil reserves necessitates efficient extraction and production of unconventional resources like acidic crude oil. However, its high viscosity poses significant challenges for transportation and processing. To address these challenges, this study developed a novel emulsion viscosity reducer. We designed a nanofluid based on a synergistic polyetheramine/nanofluid system consisting of alkyl ethoxy polyglycosides (AEG) as a green surfactant, SiO2 nanoparticles, and an organic alkali polyetheramine. The mi
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9

Zhang, Fan, Qun Zhang, Zhaohui Zhou, Lingling Sun, and Yawen Zhou. "Study on the Effect of Different Viscosity Reducers on Viscosity Reduction and Emulsification with Daqing Crude Oil." Molecules 28, no. 3 (2023): 1399. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules28031399.

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The urgent problem to be solved in heavy oil exploitation is to reduce viscosity and improve fluidity. Emulsification and viscosity reduction technology has been paid more and more attention and its developments applied. This paper studied the viscosity reduction performance of three types of viscosity reducers and obtained good results. The viscosity reduction rate, interfacial tension, and emulsification performance of three types of viscosity reducers including anionic sulfonate, non-ionic (polyether and amine oxide), and amphoteric betaine were compared with Daqing crude oil. The results s
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10

Zhang, Bowen, Zhiyong Song, and Yang Zhang. "Pore-Scale Mechanism Analysis of Enhanced Oil Recovery by Horizontal Well, Dissolver, Nitrogen, and Steam Combined Flooding in Reducer Systems with Different Viscosities for Heavy Oil Thermal Recovery." Energies 17, no. 19 (2024): 4783. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en17194783.

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Horizontal well, dissolver, nitrogen, and steam (HDNS) combined flooding is mainly applied to shallow and thin heavy oil reservoirs to enhance oil recovery. Due to the lack of pore-scale mechanism studies, it is impossible to clarify the oil displacement mechanism of each slug in the process combination and the influence of their interaction on enhanced oil recovery (EOR). Therefore, in this study, HDNS combined flooding technology was simulated in a two-dimensional visualization microscopic model, and three viscosity reducer systems and multi-cycle combined flooding processes were considered.
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11

Wang, Na, Xian Fu Wei, Xiao Xue Jia, Ping Xiu Ning, and Ling Ya Gu. "Influence of Tack Reducer and Varnish on the Rheological Behavior of Offset Inks." Advanced Materials Research 174 (December 2010): 413–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.174.413.

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The rheology behavior of the offset ink has strong contact with its printability. Tack reducer and varnish are often used to adjust the tack volume and viscosity of the ink. In order to study the influence of the variation of both tack volume and viscosity of the ink on the rheology behavior, tack reducer and varnish are used to adjust the tack volume and viscosity of the ink, the influence of the volume on the tack volume and viscosity are obtained and also the influence degree on rheology behavior by variation of the tack volume and viscosity. The results indicate that: the tack volume of in
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12

Zhou, Fei, Xue-liang Li, Di Yao, Yi Sun, Wei Dong, and Lei Wang. "Development and Application of The Graft Coated Viscosity Reducer." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2594, no. 1 (2023): 012066. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2594/1/012066.

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Abstract The graft coated viscosity reducer was developed for the high cost of mixing light oil. The viscosity reducing mechanism is that the polar hypertonic agents in thSe viscosity reducer dissociate the net structures of the resin and asphalt and then form eutectic grafting with these dissociated macromolecules when the heavy oil in the water was broken or in the solution of associating state. The heavy oil takes shape of small particles while the resin is out of structure and not easy to get agglomerated. The released resin and the coating agent for the viscosity reducer form a layer of f
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13

Wang, FP, GF Zhang, Y. Wang, and CX Hao. "Detection and optimization of viscous oil viscosity and vissity reducer in alx gas well." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2158, no. 1 (2022): 012036. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2158/1/012036.

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Abstract The optimum viscosity of heavy oil is the key index to maintain the normal production of gas wells. This paper designs a new detection and optimization method of visit oil visibility and visibility reducer in alx gas well. Firstly, through the flow pattern criterion and flow pattern distribution diagram of gas-liquid two-phase flow in horizontal pipe, the propagation velocity of wave in the downstream is determined by extreme value method, and the maximum viscosity equation of heavy oil carried by air in annular fog state is established. Then, according to the maximum viscosity equati
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14

Fan, Zhen Zhong, Tong Wang, Peng Peng Li, Ji Gang Wang, and Qing Wang Liu. "The Evaluation of Factors Affecting the Performance of Heavy Oil Emulsion." Advanced Materials Research 690-693 (May 2013): 1508–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.690-693.1508.

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In this paper,we used the heavy oil of Du 84,53-55 well in Liaohe oil field,analyzed of the impact factors of the heavy oil emulsion viscosity.When the droplet size of the emulsion is reduced,the viscosity of the heavy oil emulsion increases,and the non-Newtonian obvious.Heavy oil emulsions exhibit Newtonian fluid properties at low shear rate,exhibits shear-thinning properties in the heavy oil emulsion under high shear rate.Heavy oil emulsion viscosity decreases with the increasing concentration of viscosity reducer,when the viscosity reducer concentration of more than 0.25%,heavy oil emulsion
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15

Liu, Qing Wang, Xin Wang, Zhen Zhong Fan, Jiao Wang, Rui Gao, and Ling Da Kong. "Indoor Study of Viscosity Reducer for Thickened Oil of Huancai." Applied Mechanics and Materials 268-270 (December 2012): 547–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.268-270.547.

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Liaohe oil field block 58 for Huancai, the efficiency of production of thickened oil is low, and the efficiency of displacement is worse, likely to cause other issues. Researching and developing an type of Heavy Oil Viscosity Reducer for exploiting. The high viscosity of W/O emulsion changed into low viscosity O/W emulsion to facilitate recovery, enhanced oil recovery. Through the experiment determine the viscosity properties of Heavy Oil Viscosity Reducer. The oil/water interfacial tension is lower than 0.0031mN•m-1, salt-resisting is good. The efficiency of viscosity reduction is higher than
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16

Jiang, Youwei, Chao Wang, Fusheng Zhang, et al. "Microscopic Visualization Experimental Study on the Effect and Mechanism of Viscosity Reducer on Emulsification of Heavy Oil." Energies 16, no. 6 (2023): 2538. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en16062538.

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Viscosity-reducer flooding is an effective method to improve oil recovery after the water flooding of heavy oil, and water-in-oil emulsion (W/O emulsion) is easily formed during this process. W/O emulsion has a strong ability to improve mobility ratio and block off high permeability layers, which can effectively improve sweep coefficient and enhance oil recovery. The microscopic visual glass model is mainly used to study the microscopic oil displacement mechanism of dilute oil; however, there are few studies on the emulsification mechanism and influencing factors of heavy oil. The purpose of t
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17

Yang, Yuanchao, Hong He, Haihua Pei, et al. "Investigation of the Synergistic Effect Between Viscosity Reducer, Polymer and Branched Preformed Particle Gel in Enhanced Oil Recovery for Conventional Heavy-Oil Reservoir." Processes 13, no. 4 (2025): 1206. https://doi.org/10.3390/pr13041206.

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In view of the limited applicability of traditional chemical flooding and binary composite flooding for heavy-oil reservoirs, branched-preformed particle gel (B-PPG) with excellent plugging performance was added to construct the B-PPG/SP (B-PPG/surfactant/polymer) composite system. Through sand pack flooding experiments, it has been proven that the synergistic effect between B-PPG and polymer can expand the swept area and increase the contact between the viscosity reducer and heavy oil, enabling the viscosity reducer to better exert emulsification and viscosity reduction effects. The synergist
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18

Chen, Shijun, Kang Zhao, Gang Chen, Li Bai, and Lajun Feng. "Synthesis and Application of a Spirocompound as Clean Viscosity-Reducer for Crude Oil." Journal of Chemistry 2016 (2016): 1–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2016/3827403.

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Heavy oil transportation has become a highly technical operation facing complex difficulties. One of the major difficulties in the pipeline transportation is the high viscosity that requires efficient and economical ways to deal with. The typical polymer viscosity reducers are a negative problem during oil refinement process for their chemical properties. The objective of this study is to seek small molecular compound, different from the traditional polymers, to reduce the viscosity of the crude oil. In this work, a spirocompound, 3,9-diphenyl-2,4,8,10-tetraoxa-spiro[5.5]undecane, was synthesi
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19

J., F. Pérez-Sánchez* I. S. Alarcón-Montelongo N. P. Díaz-Zavala A. Palacio-Pérez E. J. Suárez-Domínguez. "EFFECT OF A VISCOSITY BIO-REDUCER IN CRUDE OIL PERFORMANCE BY NUCLEAR MAGNETIC RESONANCE SPECTROSCOPY." Global Journal of Engineering Science and Research Management 4, no. 9 (2017): 74–81. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.886919.

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Heavy and extra-heavy crude production is increasing in Mexico, and this fact entails to deal with several issues Especially due to transport. Some physical processes have been employed to reduce crude viscosity and friction drag in pipelines to achieve flow enhancement, and chemical products are also applied for this purpose. Even though several physicochemical processes are involved, the real intermolecular effects are barely known. In this work, Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy (NMRS) was used to evaluate compositional changes of extra-heavy crude oil in which certain amount of a vis
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20

J., F. Pérez-Sánchez*1 I. S. Alarcón-Montelongo2 N. P. Díaz-Zavala1 A. Palacio-Pérez3 E. J. Suárez-Domínguez4. "EFFECT OF A VISCOSITY BIO-REDUCER IN CRUDE OIL PERFORMANCE BY NUCLEAR MAGNETIC RESONANCE SPECTROSCOPY." Global Journal of Engineering Science and Research Management 4, no. 9 (2017): 74–81. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.891139.

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Heavy and extra-heavy crude production is increasing in Mexico, and this fact entails to deal with several issues especially due to transport. Some physical processes have been employed to reduce crude viscosity and friction drag in pipelines to achieve flow enhancement, and chemical products are also applied for this purpose. Even though several physicochemical processes are involved, the real intermolecular effects are barely known. In this work, Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy (NMR) was used to evaluate compositional changes of extra-heavy crude oil in which certain amount of a visc
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21

Шарифуллин, А. В., Л. Р. Байбекова, В. Н. Шарифуллин, and Г. И. Дусметова. "Development and testing of heavy oil viscosity reducer." Нефтяная провинция, no. 3(3) (November 27, 2015): 115–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.25689/np.2015.3.115-126.

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Изложено исследование перспективных способов для улучшения реологических свойств высоковязких нефтей - химическая обработка присадками. Разработана присадка, снижающая динамическую вязкость нефти. Одним из компонентов для синтеза присадки был выбран побочный продукт нефтехимического производства - низкомолекулярный полиэтилен низкого давления. This paper presents analysis of promising techniques to improve heavy oil rheology, more specifically, application of chemical additives. An additive has been developed which reduces oil dynamic viscosity. A petrochemical by-product - high-density low-mo
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22

Choi, Seonung, Siyoung Q. Choi, Jong-Duk Kim, and Nam-sun Nho. "Partially Oxidized Asphaltene as a Bitumen Viscosity Reducer." Energy & Fuels 31, no. 9 (2017): 9240–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/acs.energyfuels.7b01639.

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23

Lei, Haoran, Chen Huang, Jiangbo Liu, Miao Dou, and Xuefan Gu. "Evaluation of viscosity reduction effect of oil-soluble viscosity reducer on crude oil." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2454, no. 1 (2023): 012018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2454/1/012018.

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Abstract In this paper, several crude oil viscosity reducers were selected to evaluate their performance on the heavy oil Henan Oilfield, China. Through investigation, the viscosity reducing ability of these viscosity reducers were relatively general. Among them, EVA had the highest performance, reaching a viscosity reduction rate of 45.6%. The results were characterized by DSC analysis, wax crystal micromorphology analysis of saturated hydrocarbons and IR spectroscopy. Finally, possible viscosity reduction mechanism was discussed.
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24

Xu, Jiang, Fu-Chang You, and Shu-Sheng Zhou. "Study of a High-Temperature and High-Density Water-Based Drilling Fluid System Based on Non-sulfonated Plant Polymers." Polymers 14, no. 20 (2022): 4433. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym14204433.

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The environment-friendly water-based drilling fluid system developed for the petroleum development industry cannot successfully withstand temperatures up to 180 °C, and most high temperature-resistant additives with sulfonic acid groups that have been successfully applied to water-based drilling fluid are not good for environmental protection. In order to solve the above technical problems, a non-sulfonated filtrate reducer and viscosity reducer with resistance to high temperature were prepared by using humic acid, lignin and a multifunctional monomer as raw materials. In laboratory experiment
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25

Yang, Z., G. Ma, Z. Hu, and W. Zhai. "Characterization of ternary compound viscosity reducer system on viscosity of viscous crude oil." Petroleum Science and Technology 35, no. 19 (2017): 1910–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10916466.2017.1370474.

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26

Wang, Feng, Chi Ai, Dan Dan Yuan, Shuang Liang, and Guang Miao Qu. "Experimental Investigation of Emulsifying Viscosity Reduction of a New Viscosity Breaker." Advanced Materials Research 981 (July 2014): 946–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.981.946.

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In this paper, alkyl polyglucoside (APG) and fatty alcohol polyoxyethylene ether (AEO3) were prepared to obtain a new type of soluble viscosity reducer which can change the rheological behavior of the crude oil and reduce its viscosity using method of emulsification viscosity reduction. The typical sample of heavy oil produced in Jilin oilfield was analyzed to figure out the key factors of influencing the viscosity of this heavy oil and the static evaluation experiments were carried out to investigate the reducing performance of the viscosity breaker. The viscosity breaker can lower the interf
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27

Chalah, Kaci, Abdelbaki Benmounah, and Khaled Benyounes. "Effect of anionic polyelectrolytes on the flow of activated sodium bentonite drilling mud." MATEC Web of Conferences 149 (2018): 01082. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/201814901082.

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Bentonite is often used in water-based drilling fluids. The xanthan gum is widely used as to increase the viscosity of the bentonite suspension. For the stabilization of the drilled layers, we use filtrate reducers: sodium carboxymethylcellulose low viscosity and cellulose polyanionic low viscosity. The objective of this work is to explain the effect of the polymers on the rheological behavior of the 5% bentonite suspensions. These results will provide practical recommendations for the rational use of different types of additives in water-based drilling muds. Our work is based on rheological t
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28

Deng, Qiang, Michal Slaný, Huani Zhang, et al. "Synthesis of Alkyl Aliphatic Hydrazine and Application in Crude Oil as Flow Improvers." Energies 14, no. 15 (2021): 4703. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en14154703.

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In this paper, alkyl aliphatic hydrazine, which is different from traditional polymer fluidity improver, was synthesized from aliphatic hydrazine and cetane bromide, and evaluated as a pour point and viscosity-reducer depressant for crude oil. The evaluation results showed that alkyl aliphatic hydrazone fully reduced the pour point and viscosity of crude oil with the increase of crude oil fluidity. The viscosity reduction rate of crude oil in Jinghe oilfield was 79.6%, and the pour point was reduced by about 11.3 °C. The viscosity reduction rate of crude oil in Xinjiang Oilfield was 74.7%, and
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29

Zheng, Cunchuan, Haoran Fu, Yongliang Wang, Tailiang Zhang, Zhiyu huang, and Wenmeng Duan. "Preparation and mechanism of hyperbranched heavy oil viscosity reducer." Journal of Petroleum Science and Engineering 196 (January 2021): 107941. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.petrol.2020.107941.

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30

Suárez-Domínguez, E. J., J. F. Pérez-Sánchez, A. Palacio-Pérez, A. Rodríguez-Valdes, E. Izquierdo-Kulich, and S. González-Santana. "A viscosity bio-reducer for extra-heavy crude oil." Petroleum Science and Technology 36, no. 2 (2017): 166–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10916466.2017.1413387.

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31

Dou, Ninghui, Zhiyuan Wang, Guangyao Leng, Haoya Liu, Zhiqiang Hu, and Ke Jiang. "Development and Performance Evaluation of Novel Solid-Free Epoxy Resin System for Remediation of Sustained Casing Pressure." Energies 16, no. 6 (2023): 2771. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en16062771.

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Sustained casing pressure (SCP) is a common problem during an entire life span of oil and gas wells. When conventional methods are deployed to resolve the issue, the methods seem to have some setbacks by being unable to seal microcracks in the wellbores. A new solid-free resin sealant was developed by increasing the amount of active hydrogen in the curing agent. This low-temperature cure results in low viscosity, excellent mechanical properties, and chemical stability. The experimental results show that the resin sealant can be used at temperatures ranging from 20 to 50 °C, and the curing time
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32

Cui, Wei Lin, Lin Li, and Yong Sheng Li. "The Experiment of Factors in Influencing the Water-Oil Emulsion Inversion Phase Points." Advanced Materials Research 807-809 (September 2013): 2658–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.807-809.2658.

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The energy consumption during the transportation can be reduced through avoiding transport the crude oil whose moisture content near the phase inversion point, but now, there are no scholar study the influence of various factors to the inversion phase point systematic. In this experiment ,we use HAAKE Viscotester 550 to study oil rheological and research that how temperature, shear rate, different kinds of viscosity reducer and different amount of it influence the phase inversion point systematically. The result shows that the rise of temperature or the shear rate can push the point forward. D
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33

Yang, Shichu, Weichu Yu, Mingwei Zhao, Fei Ding, and Ying Zhang. "A Review of Weak Gel Fracturing Fluids for Deep Shale Gas Reservoirs." Gels 10, no. 5 (2024): 345. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/gels10050345.

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Low-viscosity slickwater fracturing fluids are a crucial technology for the commercial development of shallow shale gas. However, in deep shale gas formations with high pressure, a higher sand concentration is required to support fractures. Linear gel fracturing fluids and crosslinked gel fracturing fluids have a strong sand-carrying capacity, but the drag reduction effect is poor, and it needs to be pre-prepared to decrease the fracturing cost. Slick water fracturing fluids have a strong drag reduction effect and low cost, but their sand-carrying capacity is poor and the fracturing fluid sand
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34

Zhang, Fenfen, Yigang Liu, Qiuxia Wang, et al. "Fabricating a heavy oil viscosity reducer with weak interaction effect: Synthesis and viscosity reduction mechanism." Colloid and Interface Science Communications 42 (May 2021): 100426. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.colcom.2021.100426.

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35

Duan, Xiaochao, Yanpeng Wu, Zhao Chen, et al. "In-Situ Polymerization of High-Molecular Weight Nylon 66 Modified Clay Nanocomposites with Low Apparent Viscosity." Polymers 11, no. 3 (2019): 510. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym11030510.

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High-molecular weight nylon 66/modified clay (Mclay) nanocomposites with a low apparent viscosity were prepared by in-situ polymerization and post solid-state polycondensation. Thermogravimetric analysis and X-ray diffraction patterns of the Mclay revealed that cetyltrimethyl ammonium bromide successfully inserted into the interlayers of the clay. Scanning electron microscope images of the cross sections showed that the Mclay was well-dispersed in the nylon 66 matrix. The effects of clay on the mechanical, rheological, and thermal properties of the nanocomposites were investigated using an Ins
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36

Zhang, Jie, Gang Chen, Nai Wang Yang, and Yang Guang Wang. "Preparation and Evaluation of Sodium Hydroxymethyl Lignosulfonate as Eco-Friendly Drilling Fluid Additive." Advanced Materials Research 415-417 (December 2011): 629–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.415-417.629.

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Sodium hydroxymethyl lignosulfonate (NaHLS) was prepared by hydroxymethylation of sodium lignosulfonate (NaLS) and formaldehyde to enhance the performance as drilling fluids additive. The performances of the modified drilling fluid with NaLS and NaHLS, such as rheology behavior, filtration reducer and inhibitive ability were evaluated. The results indicate that the NaHLS can enhance the viscosity at low temperature, reduce the viscosity after ageing under 180 °C, which is more effective than that of NaLS. And NaHLS reduces the filtration, as the thickness of the modified fluid mud-cake is much
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37

Chen, Xiaoran, Qingfeng Hou, Yifeng Liu, et al. "Experimental Study on Surfactant–Polymer Flooding After Viscosity Reduction for Heavy Oil in Matured Reservoir." Energies 18, no. 3 (2025): 756. https://doi.org/10.3390/en18030756.

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An advanced enhanced oil recovery (EOR) method was investigated, employing a surfactant–polymer (SP) system in combination with a viscosity reducer for application in a heavy oil reservoir within the Haiwaihe Block, Liaohe Oilfield, in China. Significant advantages were observed through the combination of LPS-3 (an anionic surfactant) and OAB (a betaine surfactant) in reducing interfacial tension and enhancing emulsion stability, with the optimal results achieved at the ratio of 9:1. The BRH-325 polymer was found to exhibit superior viscosity enhancement, temperature resistance, and long-term
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38

Sun, J. H., F. S. Zhang, Y. W. Wu, et al. "Overview of emulsified viscosity reducer for enhancing heavy oil recovery." IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering 479 (March 8, 2019): 012009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1757-899x/479/1/012009.

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39

Wang, Junqi, Ruiqing Liu, Yiwen Tang, Junfeng Zhu, Yonghui Sun, and Guanghua Zhang. "Synthesis of Polycarboxylate Viscosity Reducer and the Effect of Different Chain Lengths of Polyether on Viscosity Reduction of Heavy Oil." Polymers 14, no. 16 (2022): 3367. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym14163367.

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Since there are not many studies on the application of polymeric surfactants in viscosity reduction emulsification of heavy oil, a series of polyether carboxylic acid–sulfonate polymeric surfactants were synthesized. The viscosity reduction performance and the effect of different chain lengths on the viscosity reduction effect were also investigated. The viscosity reduction, emulsification, wetting, and foaming performance tests showed that the viscosity reduction performance of this series of polymeric surfactants was excellent, with the viscosity reduction rate exceeding 95%, and the viscosi
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40

Bo, Yu, Zhong Ziye, Cui Yafang, and Li Hanyong. "Synthesis and viscosity reduction performance evaluation of oil-soluble viscosity reducer based on molecular dynamics simulation." International Journal of Oil, Gas and Coal Technology 38, no. 1 (2025): 23–49. https://doi.org/10.1504/ijogct.2025.10070938.

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41

Xuefan Gu, Xuefan Gu, Peng Wang Peng Wang, Zhen Guo Zhen Guo, Weichao Du Weichao Du, and Sanbao Dong Sanbao Dong. "Synthesis and Evaluation of Hydroxymethyl Tetramides as Flow Improvers for Crude Oil." Journal of the chemical society of pakistan 42, no. 4 (2020): 488. http://dx.doi.org/10.52568/000658.

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In this work, a series of hydroxymethyl tetramide (HMTEA) was synthesized from vegetable oil, triacetylenetetramine and hexamethylenetetramine, which was evaluated as viscosity reducer and pour point depressor for crude oil. The results showed that HMTE has a good viscosity reduction effect on the crude oil from Yanchang Oilfield, with the highest viscosity reduction rate of 93%. The highest pour point reduction depression was achieved as 6.5℃. Differential scanning calorimetry and paraffin crystal morphology characterization were conducted on the crude oil to elucidate the mechanism of viscos
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42

Xuefan Gu, Xuefan Gu, Peng Wang Peng Wang, Zhen Guo Zhen Guo, Weichao Du Weichao Du, and Sanbao Dong Sanbao Dong. "Synthesis and Evaluation of Hydroxymethyl Tetramides as Flow Improvers for Crude Oil." Journal of the chemical society of pakistan 42, no. 4 (2020): 488. http://dx.doi.org/10.52568/000658/jcsp/42.04.2020.

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In this work, a series of hydroxymethyl tetramide (HMTEA) was synthesized from vegetable oil, triacetylenetetramine and hexamethylenetetramine, which was evaluated as viscosity reducer and pour point depressor for crude oil. The results showed that HMTE has a good viscosity reduction effect on the crude oil from Yanchang Oilfield, with the highest viscosity reduction rate of 93%. The highest pour point reduction depression was achieved as 6.5℃. Differential scanning calorimetry and paraffin crystal morphology characterization were conducted on the crude oil to elucidate the mechanism of viscos
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43

Zhou, Shiyan, Jinmei Ma, Jun-Wen Yu, et al. "Preparation and Properties of Epoxy Modified Acrylic Polymer." Polymers 17, no. 3 (2025): 380. https://doi.org/10.3390/polym17030380.

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This paper describes the synthesis of a viscosity-reducing agent using butyl acrylate (BA), ethyl methacrylate (EMA), acrylic acid (AA) and N-hydroxymethylacrylamide (N-MAM) monomers through emulsion polymerization. A series of viscosity-reducing agents were developed by incorporating varying amounts of glycidyl methacrylate (GMA) monomers. The reaction mechanism of epoxy acrylate viscosity reducer was analyzed by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). Additionally, the particle size and Zeta potential were used to analyze the stability of the polymer and the difference in the polymer
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44

Wang, Shi Jie, and Jianhua Lv. "Reliability Optimum Design of NWG-Type Oil-Submerged Planetary Gear Reducer." Key Engineering Materials 297-300 (November 2005): 1895–900. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.297-300.1895.

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Progressing cavity pumping technology will be extensively applied for oil exploitation because of its advantages such as lower cost, higher adaptability for oil viscosity, sand-content and oil-gas ratio. This pumping system consists of motor, reducer, coupling, progressing cavity pump, variable frequency converter and protector. Among them, oil-submerged planetary gear reducer is one of the most important transmission components, which transmits torque and adjusts the rotational speed between motor and pump. Because the reducer is required to work successively under the harsh down-hole conditi
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45

Biheri, Ghith, and Abdulmohsin Imqam. "Settling of Spherical Particles in High Viscosity Friction Reducer Fracture Fluids." Energies 14, no. 9 (2021): 2462. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en14092462.

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Investigating the key factors that impact fluid rheology and proppant static settling velocity in high viscosity friction reducers (HVFRs) is a critical aspect for successful proppant transport in hydraulic fracture treatment. In this study, the rheological properties of HVFRs were tested at various temperature ranges (i.e., 25, 50, 75, and 100 °C) and different HVFR concentrations (i.e., 1, 2, 4, and 8 gpt). Three sizes of spherical particle diameters (i.e., 2, 4, and 6 mm) were selected to measure the static settling velocity. The fracture fluid was tested in two fracture models: an unconfin
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Liu, Bobo, Kangjian Yu, Yinggang Yang, Donghui Miao, and Chong He. "Research and Application of Polycarboxylic Acid Water Reducer with Different Molecular Weight." E3S Web of Conferences 179 (2020): 01021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202017901021.

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In this paper, a polycarboxylic water reducing agent was synthesized by using Methylallyl polyethylene glycol (HPEG) with molecular weight of 1200, 2400, 2800 and 3400 under the same conditions, C80 concrete tests were performed on these four molecular weight superplasticizers, verify the effect of different molecular weight polycarboxylic acid water reducer in C80 pumping concrete, finally, a kind of low molecular weight polycarboxylic acid water reducer with viscosity reducing effect in high-grade concrete is obtained, which can promote pumping of high-grade concrete.
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47

Wilson, Adam. "Novel Viscosity Reducer Aids Removal of Scale From Electrical Submersible Pumps." Journal of Petroleum Technology 67, no. 09 (2015): 151–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/0915-0151-jpt.

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Lv, Xiaobo, Weiyu Fan, Qitian Wang, and Hui Luo. "Synthesis, Characterization, and Mechanism of Copolymer Viscosity Reducer for Heavy Oil." Energy & Fuels 33, no. 5 (2019): 4053–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/acs.energyfuels.9b00217.

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Xiao, Tongqiang, Zihao Yu, Fayi Liu, Xiaoliang Dai, and Jianwei Sun. "Study on Slurry Flow Characteristics and Diffusion Law of Superfine Cement-Based Composite Grouting Material." Processes 11, no. 7 (2023): 1906. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pr11071906.

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The soft surrounding rock of deep roadways is in the state of “micro-fracture and low permeability”. In order to solve the problem of grouting reinforcement of micro-fractures surrounding rock in deep roadways, the influence characteristics of auxiliary materials and additives on slurry flow were analyzed, and the composition and proportion of superfine cement-based composite grouting materials were determined: superfine cement accounted for 89.4%, superfine coal ash accounted for 5%, ultrafine mineral powder accounted for 5%, naphthalene water reducing agent accounted for 3~5‰, and lignin sul
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Guo, Xiaodie, Xuejiao Chen, Wenjing Zhou, and Jinjia Wei. "Effect of Polymer Drag Reducer on Rheological Properties of Rocket Kerosene Solutions." Materials 15, no. 9 (2022): 3343. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma15093343.

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Adding drag reduction agent (DRA) to rocket kerosene is an effective way to reduce the pipeline resistance of rocket kerosene transportation systems. However, so far, there have been few research reports on the effect of DRA on the rheological properties of rocket kerosene solution, especially from a microscopic perspective. In this study, coarse-grained molecular dynamics simulations were conducted to investigate the rheological properties of rocket kerosene solutions with DRAs of different chain lengths and concentrations. The results showed that the viscosity of DRA—kerosene solution is gen
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