Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Vision 2050'

All levels of society, individuals, businesses and governments, must be involved in order to reverse the unsustainable path that society is currently on. Though much has been written about what needs to be done, there is much less literature on how to do it. This study attempts to start filling this gap. This paper is focused on the Vision 2050 report which acknowledges the role businesses have in moving society towards sustainability. The Vision 2050 report which was released by the World Business Council for Sustainable Development explores the current reality business is facing and the opportunities that are available for them to incorporate sustainability into the mainstream of their business. The study examines how businesses can begin to integrate sustainability into their company’s operations and services, using the report for inspiration and the Framework for Strategic Sustainable Development as guidance. A suggested approach is presented in the form of an implementation guide, which can be used by business to help them navigate their organization, collaborate with others and to develop an action plan as they work to integrating sustainability into their operations

“Re:Regional” is a diploma work by Sanna Alm and Ylva Hedin, for the Master’s Programme in Spatial Planning presented at the Blekinge Institute of Technology, Karlskrona, Sweden. “Greater Helsinki Vision 2050 – International Ideas Competition” was the starting point of this study. The competition was launched the 15th of December 2006 and the closing date was the 31st of May. During the spring term of 2007 we focused on developing and completing our entry. The competition organizers asked for visionary solutions and fresh new-thinking. This gave us, as participants, a great freedom of action and possibilities to form visionary plans for the future. The main assignment was to illustrate a land use plan for the Helsinki region. The regional planning perspective permeates every part of this study. When the entry had been sent to the jury we wanted to gain higher knowledge about different planning models regarding city planning in regional contexts. Our diploma work is therefore divided into two main chapters. The first chapter has a practical orientation and the second chapter is more theoretical: Part 1. Greater Helsinki Vision 2050 – International Ideas Competition: Apart from a presentation of our competition entry, the first part of this study contains information about the competition, the main assignment, required documents e.t.c. Our proposal “Re:Regional”, that is the regional plan and the detailed studies, is presented after a review of our process of thought. We don’t want to see Greater Helsinki develop into a grown-together grey mass with a centralized and standardized monocentric structure. In our proposal the three cities Nummela, Hyvinkää and Mäntsälä are being developed and strengthened. Less pressure is therefore put on the Helsinki metropolitan area regarding the fast building development that is needed. We suggest that today’s big city district develops inwards with different projects and solutions regarding cheaper dwellings, larger living spaces, new living forms and new forms of urban greenery. “Re:Regional” shows Greater Helsinki as a region with a multicentric structure, where old typologies and dichotomies have faded and where centralizing and decentralizing forces are not seen as opposites. We claim that differentiation can create integration, therefore the region is divided into areas with different characteristics and different levels of urbanity. These are the four so called “Regional Blocks”: - Helsinki Metropolitan Area - The mid-dense centres Nummela, Hyvinkää och Mäntsälä - ”Polycentric Space”, an area within the roads that link Helsinki and the mid-dense centres together - Block number four consists of sparse polycentricity, mainly woodland and agricultural landscape The comprehensive idea to form an integrated regional structure, with well-connected cities and smaller communities, can be described as an important task in many regions today – the fast population growth demands flexible and multicentric solutions. Our working method “Regional Blocks” can be developed and applied in other regions where the aim is to create widened but yet coherent structures. Part 2. Study objects/Comparison/Discussion: In the theoretical part of this study we introduce six study objects that we have chosen together and then divided between us. During the selection of objects we first and foremost didn’t look at the physical structures, instead we focused on the underlying aspects – how the cities in the regions have developed due to different trends in society. Our study objects and the literature we have analysed: A CITY CONCEPT - Social City - Sanna Alm – The book “Sociable Cities The Legacy of Ebenezer Howard” from 1998, by Peter Hall and Colin Ward. AN UTOPIAN REFORM - Urban Field - Ylva Hedin – The article ”Urban Field” from ”Journal of the American Institute of Planners” vol. 31: 4 from 1965, by John Friedmann och Johan Miller. A PLAN OF ACTION - The big city region Portland - Ylva Hedin – The homepage: www.metro-region.org (available: 2007-10-10). A DEVELOPMENT PLAN - The Stockholm Region - Sanna Alm – ”Regional utvecklingsplan 2001 för Stockholmsregionen”, by The Office of Regional Planning and Urban Transportation. A STRATEGY FOR URBAN RENEWAL - Urbana England - Sanna Alm – The report ”Towards an Urban Renaissance” from 1999, by The Urban Task Force. A MODEL FOR SOCIETY FORMATION - Linear Grid - Ylva Hedin – A vision for the Helsinki Regions urban structure from 1993, by Arken Arkitekter. First our study objects are introduced and analysed one by one, then follows a text where the objects are compared with each other and with our regional plan “Re:Regional” on the basis of seven factors: Central idea, Density, Green space, Transport network, Social structures, Planning perspective and The future. The conclusions are drawn in the chapter ”Jämförelse och diskussion” (Comparison and discussion). The study objects are also analysed in relation to different trends in society. Through an evaluation of the study objects and our own regional plan interesting points of comparison are being illustrated under the headlines “Att bygga inåt” (To build inwards), “Tydligare flerkärnighet” (Clearer polycentricity) and “Planeringsperspektiv och fysiska strukturer” (Planning perspectives and physical structures). In the last chapter we discuss ecological and social sustainability in a regional context – these two dimensions of sustainable development was focused on during the work with “Re:Regional” and are also discussed in the text where the objects are compared with each other.
Utgångspunkten för detta examensarbete, som vi valt att kalla ”Re:Regional”, har varit arkitekttävlingen ”Greater Helsinki Vision 2050 – International Ideas Competition”. Tävlingen utannonserades den 15 december 2006 och sista dag för inlämning av bidrag var den 31 maj. Under vårterminen 2007 fokuserade vi alltså enbart på att arbeta fram ett tävlingsbidrag. I en arkitekttävling är de huvudsakliga ramarna för projektet redan formulerade i ett tävlingsprogram. Samtidigt efterfrågas i denna tävling nytänkande och idérikedom, vilket gav oss som deltagare stor frihet och stora möjligheter att forma och arbeta fram visionära planförslag och konceptuella idéer. Den huvudsakliga uppgiften var att illustrera en regionplan, en framtidsvision för Helsingforsregionen. Det regionala planeringsperspektivet i tävlingsuppdraget genomsyrar innehållet i hela examensarbetet. Efter att bidraget lämnats in ville vi få djupare kunskap om olika planeringsmodeller för stadsutveckling i regionala sammanhang. Vårt examensarbete har därmed delats in i två huvudkapitel: Del 1. Greater Helsinki Vision 2050 – International Ideas Competition: Förutom en presentation av vårt tävlingsbidrag, ges i den första delen av detta arbete information om själva tävlingen och vad uppgiften omfattade. Vi presenterar även vår tankeprocess inför utformningen av regionplanen, samt inför de detaljerade studierna. Denna del av arbetet består av material på både engelska och svenska. Då tävlingsspråket var engelska, har de delar som ingick i vårt bidrag ej översatts. ”Re:Regional” är vår vision för hur storstadsregionen Helsingfors skulle kunna utvecklas fram till år 2050. Visionen har bland annat varit att skapa en regional struktur där skillnaderna mellan centrum och periferi kan suddas ut. Vi har inte velat skapa en megastad, eller en struktur inom vilken all fokus riktas mot en central stadskärna. Då Helsingfors är en relativt glest bebyggd storstad anser vi att det finns stora möjligheter att komplettera och förtäta redan bebyggda områden. Vi föreslår därför en utbyggnadsgräns runt storstaden. Samtidigt vill vi öka mångfalden och valmöjligheterna inom regionen genom att skapa fyra s.k. ”Regional Blocks” (regionala typer/delområden) med olika grader av urbanitet: - storstaden Helsingfors - städerna Nummela, Hyvinkää och Mäntsälä - “Polycentric Space”, det område som ringas in av de fyra städerna och som ska innehålla mindre samhällen - ett större område med skogs- och jordbruksmark med en gles småkärnig struktur Den övergripande och huvudsakliga idén om att forma integrerade, bättre sammanhållna stads- och samhällsstrukturer inom Helsingforsregionen, känns minst sagt aktuell. Den snabba befolkningstillväxt som sker i många regioner idag kräver flexibla, flerkärniga lösningar. Om fokus endast är inställt på att förtäta och bygga ut en regions storstadsområde, finns det risk för att resten av regionen utvecklas till en stor, gles periferi, inom vilken befolkningen hela tiden måste förhålla sig till ett storstadsområde. Vår arbetsmetod ”Regional Blocks” skulle även kunna användas i andra regioner där det finns en målsättning att skapa vidgade men ändå sammanhållna strukturer. Del 2. Studieobjekt/Jämförelse/Diskussion: I den mer teoretiska delen av examensarbetet presenteras sex studieobjekt vi valt ut tillsammans och sedan fördelat mellan oss. Vid valet av studieobjekten utgick vi i första hand inte från objektens fysiska former, det vill säga hur de i olika sammanhang etiketteras (som till exempel centralorts- eller nätverksregioner). Istället har vi utgått ifrån de bakomliggande aspekterna, hur städerna i regionerna utvecklats med bakgrund i olika samhällstrender. Våra studieobjekt och den litteratur vi utgått ifrån: ETT STADSKONCEPT - Social City - Sanna Alm – Boken “Sociable Cities The Legacy of Ebenezer Howard” från 1998, av Peter Hall och Colin Ward. EN UTOPISK REFORM - Urban Field - Ylva Hedin - Artikeln ”Urban Field” från tidskriften ”Journal of the American Institute of Planners” vol. 31: 4 från 1965, skriven av John Friedmann och Johan Miller. EN HANDLINGSPLAN - Storstadsregionen Portland - Ylva Hedin - Det regionala planeringsorganet Metros hemsida: www.metro-region.org (tillgänglig: 2007-10-10) där handlingsprogrammet ”2040 Growth Concept” finns tillgängligt. EN UTVECKLINGSPLAN - Stockholmsregionen - Sanna Alm - ”Regional utvecklingsplan 2001 för Stockholmsregionen” (planen vann laga kraft i november 2002), framtagen av Regionplane- och trafikkontoret. EN STRATEGI FÖR URBAN FÖRNYELSE - Urbana England - Sanna Alm - Rapporten ”Towards an Urban Renaissance” från 1999 skriven av The Urban Task Force. EN MODELL FÖR SAMHÄLLSBILDNING - Linear Grid - Ylva Hedin - En vision för Helsingforsregionens stads- och samhällsstrukturer framtagen av Arken Arkitekter 1993. Studieobjekten presenteras och analyseras först var och en för sig, sedan följer jämförelser mellan dem, inklusive vår regionplan utifrån sju olika faktorer: Bärande idé, Täthet/Gleshet, Grönska, Transportnät, Sociala strukturer, Planeringsperspektiv och Framtiden. I kapitlet ”Jämförelse och diskussion” dras slutsatser av analyserna utifrån de sju faktorerna, studieobjekten analyseras även i förhållande till övergripande samhällstrender. Med hjälp av studieobjekten görs även en utvärdering av vår regionplan där särskilt intressanta jämförelsepunkter belyses utifrån underrubrikerna ”Att bygga inåt”, ”Tydligare flerkärnighet” samt ”Planeringsperspektiv och fysiska strukturer”. I det avslutande kapitlet för vi var sin diskussion om ekologisk respektive social hållbarhet – två hållbarhetsdimensioner vi fokuserade på i tävlingsbidraget, och som även belyses i jämförelserna mellan studieobjekten.
Alla illustrationer i detta examensarbete (om inget annat uppges) är skapade av Sanna Alm och Ylva Hedin. saal02@student.bth.se, ylhe02@student.bth.se

Varför har vi inte en mer utvecklad vattenburen kollektivtrafik i Stockholm, vad krävs för att en sådan ska bli verklighet och hur kan den komma att se ut. De frågorna är grunden i examensarbetet Stockholms vattenburna kollektivtrafik - Vision 2020.

Alltid har mjukvaruföretagen varit intresserade av att bedriva applikationsutvecklingen så effektiv och lönsam som möjligt. För detta avseende använder många utav dem olika CASE-verktyg. Ett sådant CASE-verktyg är VISIO 2000 Enterprise. CASE-verktyg kan t ex användas för att genomföra transformeringar mellan modeller och koder. Denna möjlighet underlättar applikationsutvecklingen, men tyvär kan sådana transformeringar medföra eventuella förluster av data och leda till att eventuella semantiska förluster uppstår. Dessa förluster kan innebära att den representerade informationen i modeller och koder inte är det samma efter en transformation. Därför är det intressant att undersöka hur bra ett CASE-verktyg klarar av detta innan det kan avändas som stöd vid applikationsutveckling. I denna rapport undersöks genereringsmöjligheterna i CASE-verktyget VISIO 2000 Enterprise samt de eventuella semantiska förluster som kan uppstå vid transformationer mellan modeller och koder via CASE-verktyget. Olika tester innehållande transformationer mellan modeller och koder som representerar grundläggande relationer mellan olika klasser har genomförts för att undersöka förluster av relationer mellan klasser samt förluster av relationsnamn, medlemsfunktioner och medlemsvariabler i klasserna och koden. Utifrån testresultaten kan slutsats dras att VISIO kan vara bra använda vid applikationsutveckling när det gäller transformationer av modell till kod men inte tvärtom.

Mestrado em Engenharia de Computadores e Telemática
Reconhecer todos os objectos presentes numa qualquer imagem do dia-a-dia será um importante contributo para a compreensão autónoma de imagens. Um agente inteligente para perceber todas as dinâmicas do conteúdo semântico precisa primeiramente de reconhecer cada objecto na cena. Contudo, a aprendizagem e o reconhecimento de objectos sem supervisão, con- tinuam a ser um dos grandes desafios na área da visão robótica. O nosso trabalho é uma abordagem transversal a este problema. Nós construímos um agente capaz de localizar, numa cena complexa, instâncias de categorias previamente requisitadas. Com o nome da categoria o agente procura autonomamente imagens representativas da categoria na Internet. Com estas imagens aprende sem supervisão a aparência da categoria. Após a fase de aprendizagem, o agente procura instâncias da categoria numa fotografia estática do cenário. Esta dissertação é orientada á detecção e ao reconhecimento de objectos numa cena complexa. São usados dois modelos para descrever os objectos: Scale Invariant Feature Transform (SIFT) e o descritor de forma proposto por Deb Kumar Roy. Para localizar diferentes objectos de interesse na cena efectuamos segmentação de cena baseada nas saliências de cor. Após localizado, extraímos o objecto da imagem através da análise dos seus contornos, para finalmente reconhece-lo através da combinação de vários métodos de classificação. ABSTRACT: Recognizing objects in an everyday scene is a major step in unsupervised image understanding. An intelligent agent needs to first identify each object in an environment scene, so it could eventually understand all the dynamics of the semantic content. However, unsupervised learning and unsupervised object recognition remains a great challenge in the vision research area. Our work is a transverse approach in unsupervised object learning and object recognition. We built an agent capable of locating, in a complex scene, an instance of a requested category. The name of a category is uploaded to the agent's system and it autonomously learns the category appearance, by searching the Internet and looking for category examples. Then it explores a static picture of the surrounding environment, looking for an instance of the previously learned category. This dissertation focus on the object detection and object recognition in a complex picture scene. We use Scale Invariant Feature Transform (SIFT) and Roy's Shape Representation (RSR) to represent an object, and an ensemble of several classification techniques to recognize an object. To obtain the object's location on the complex scene we used scene segmentation, based on image colour saliencies, and object extraction based on contour analysis.

Vision-based positioning systems are founded primarily on a simple image processing technique of identifying various visually significant key-points in an image and relating them to a known coordinate system in a scene. Fiducial markers are used as a means of providing the scene with a number of specific key-points, or features, such that computer vision algorithms can quickly identify them within a captured image. This thesis proposes a reliable vision-based positioning system which utilizes a unique pseudo-random fiducial marker. The marker itself offers 49 distinct feature points to be used in position estimation. Detection of the designed marker occurs after an integrated process of adaptive thresholding, k-means clustering, color classification, and data verification. The ultimate goal behind such a system would be for indoor localization implementation in low cost autonomous mobile platforms.

TeliaSonera befinner sig i en ny situation, som utgörs av en alltmer ökande och hårdnande konkurrens. Därutöver sker en snabb utveckling av nya tjänster och produkter. TeliaSonera står enligt dem själva inför en mängd utmaningar. Dessa utmaningar är att konkurrensen fortsätter att öka, teknikutvecklingen accelererar och i att kundernas krav ökar markant. Enligt TeliaSonera själva kommer deras kunder att efterfråga tjänster som skapar värde och är enkla att använda, framför efterfrågan på ny teknik. TeliaSonera har tagit fram en vision av sig själva i framtiden vid namn Vision 2010. TeliaSonera ska vara det enkla alternativet inom allt från beställning till support. Att kunna knyta kunden till sig och på så vis skapa långsiktiga kundrelationer har blivit allt viktigare i den hårdnande konkurrensen. Fokus på kunden har ändrats från kunder i allmänhet till den lojala och unika kunden. Andra begrepp som kommit att användas mer och mer är begreppsparet defensiv marknadsföring, vilket är en marknadsföring riktad mot befintliga kunder och offensiv marknadsföring som vänder sig till nya potentiella kunder. Studien baserar sig på ett antal intervjuer av personalen på TeliaSonera. Dessa intervjuer analyseras sen med aktuell marknadsföringslitteratur. Vi drar den slutsatsen att om TeliaSonera ska uppnå sin Vision 2010, krävs det att de fokuserar på sina kundrelationer. Resultatet pekar bland annat på att TeliaSonera i dagsläget inte ser till den unika och lojala kunden utan ser det som att de har en relation med samtliga kunder. För att TeliaSonera ska uppnå sin Vision, där enkelhet ut i alla led är ett huvudbegrepp, ser vi det som en viktig komponent att de skapar unika relationer med sina kunder. Där alla som har kontakt med företaget känner sig unika och ihågkomna.

Forests cover about 30% of the earth surface and is a vital resource as a habitat for plants, animals and humans. Today climate change and global warming is a fact and something must be done. We burn massive amounts of fossil fuels and during this combustion carbon dioxide is created. To help eliminate this global change we need to start caring about the forests. The forests have a major role in climate change and global warming. It currently contributes to about one-sixth of the global carbon emissions. But today deforestation is a real environmental threat. The world trees are being cut down too quickly for the earth to regenerate new forests. And while the society is moving into a more bio-based economy the pressure of a efficient forest industry and forest regrowth is increasing drastically. A new way of reforestation must happen, a sustainable and natural method must be im plemented. In Sweden and the Scandinavian area the method has had a stagnant development. Is done manually with a standardized procedure not taking natural properties into account. Money often goes over quality. My project will focus on developing a concept that can live up to the upcoming future demands and the environmental aspects that needs to be taken in account to ensure a healthy and sustainable forest. The final result performs an efficient and precise reforestation and enables for a detailed planning and analysis of the area in advanced.

Stockholm är en stad som ständigt växer. I takt med befolkningsökningen har det skett ökad efterfrågan på bostäder och utbyggd samhällsservice, kompetens, kapital och investeringar med mera. Den kraftiga befolkningsökningen medför utmaningar vad gäller stadsplanering och växande sociala och ekonomiska skillnader mellan stadsdelar i Stockholm. Segregationen och inkomstspridningen har ökat och stockholmarna tenderar även att bo i allt mer socioekonomiskt homogena områden. För att alla stadens aktörer ska arbeta mot samma mål har Stockholm stad tagit fram en vision som ska uppfyllas till år 2040. Målet är att Stockholm blir en storstad som är mångsidig, hållbart växande och dynamisk samt smart och innovativ. Hagastaden anses av Stockholm Stad vara en viktig del av stadens förverkligande av visionen. Den nya stadsdelen ska bildas genom att sammankoppla Solna och Stockholm. Målet är att staden ska utvecklas till en inkluderade stadsdel för folk i olika livsfaser, med olika förutsättningar, behov och intressen. En utmaning med projektet benämns vara att det blir svårt att inkludera alla socioekonomiska grupper i staden, då nyproducerade bostäder är relativt dyra. Detta kan riskera att bidra till ökade sociala klyftor, ojämlika livschanser, utanförskap och minskad social sammanhållning i samhället. Denna utveckling är varken bra för enskilda individer eller för samhället i stort. Syftet med detta kandidatexamensarbete har varit att, genom kvalitativa litteraturstudier och intervjuer, granska om projektet bidrar till ytterligare växande sociala och ekonomiska skillnader i Stockholm samt om bostadsbyggandet bidrar till en mer socialt inkluderande och hållbar stad. Resultatet visade att det har varit svårt att inkludera socioekonomiska grupper när det gäller bostad. Däremot inkluderas de genom att stadsdelen blir tillgänglig för fler och enkel att röra sig i. Hagastaden har lyckats med att bli en innovativ mångsidig och upplevelserik stad. Det finns en blandning av bostadsutbud, men eftersom det endast handlar om nyproduktion har inte låginkomsttagare råd att flytta dit. Det erkänns vara en utmaning att inkludera den socioekonomiska gruppen, men man pekar även på att den rådande bostadspolitiken är skälet till att situationen är som den är idag.
Stockholm is a city that is constantly growing. In line with the population increase, there has been increased demand for housing and expanded community service, skills, capital and investments etc.The rapid increase in population brings challenges in terms of urban planning and growing social and economic differences between districts in Stockholm. Segregation and income distribution have increased, and residents in Stockholm also tend to live in socio-economically homogeneous areas. Inorder for all the city's actors to work towards the same goal, the City of Stockholm has developed avision that will be fulfilled by the year 2040. The goal is for Stockholm to become a big city that isversatile, sustainably growing and dynamic as well as smart and innovative. Hagastaden is considered to be an important part of the city's realization of the vision. The new city will be formed by connecting Solna and Stockholm. The goal is to develop the city into an inclusive neighborhood for people in different stages of life, with different conditions, needs and interests. A challenge with the project is mentioned to be the difficulty to include all socio-economic groups in the city, as newly-manufactured housing is relatively expensive. This may contribute to increased social gaps, unequal life chances, exclusion and reduced social cohesion in the society. This development is not good for neither individuals nor for society at large. The purpose of this bachelor's thesis has been to, through qualitative literature studies and interviews,examine whether Hagastaden contributes to further growing social and economic differences in Stockholm and whether the housing construction in the city contributes to a more socially inclusiveand sustainable city. We have based on the goals that have been set for Vision 2040 and compared to what the project contributes to society. The results showed that it has been difficult to include socio-economic groups when it comes to housing. On the other hand, they are included by making the district accessible to anyone and easy to navigate through. Hagastaden has succeeded in becoming an innovative, versatile and experience-rich city. There is a mix of housing supply, but since the city only consists of newly-manufactured housings, low-income earners cannot afford to move there. It is acknowledged to be a challenge to include the socio-economic group, but it is also pointed out that the current housing policy is the reason why the situation is as it is today.

The contemporary angel-symbol is deeply rooted in our cultural history, with connotations and implications leading to that inner transitional space where all creative activity takes place. This essay investigates the history of the depiction of angels, visions of angels both ancient and modern, and includes psychological aspects of symbols as such. A closer look at surrounding symbols of angels will hopefully result in a greater understanding of the role of the angel-symbol within the context of visual culture, seen in the light of our own symbolic universe.

Through an in-depth exploration of his literary theory, doctrine of creation, anthropology and doctrine of sanctification, this thesis examines the essential role that beauty plays in the theological vision of Thomas Traherne. Through an analysis of Traherne’s poetry and prose, Chapter 1 identifies the purposive nature of Traherne’s literary output to be one of allurement. Combating previous claims that Traherne’s poetry and prose lack an inherent link between form and content, I argue that through the irreducible interrelation of literary form and content Traherne crafts literary objects of contemplation, that being beautiful are inherently alluring. Since Traherne understood his poetry and prose to be mimetic of creation, Chapter 2 examines Traherne’s doctrine of creation. For Traherne, creation is the divine speaking forth, a manifestation of God-self in corporeal beauty, that when truly encountered, calls to, and allures human desire. I argue that Traherne understands beauty through Christian Neoplatonism, in that beauty is the shining forth of the transcendent good, and as such bears the inherent quality of allurement. Chapter 3 examines Traherne’s theological anthropology, tracing Traherne’s understanding of desire and freedom. Taking special care to identify humanity’s capacities for perception and apprehension, this chapter shows how the human has been uniquely created to receive and be allured by God’s self-disclosure in creation. Chapter 4 examines the evolving nature of human perception through Traherne’s understanding of the four estates (innocence, misery, grace, glory). Having established the centrality of perception for a true sight of beauty and proper directionality of desire, I argue that the central purpose of Traherne’s oeuvre is the transformation of perception. As literary objects of contemplation, Traherne invites the reader to encounter his work as an echo of the divine allurement in creation, and most acutely known in the Incarnation.

Denna studie är en kvalitativ undersökning som syftar till att undersöka hur de anställda inom Halmstads kommun använder sig av visionen – Halmstad 2020 och värdegrunderna den vilar på i sitt arbete. För att analysera det empiriska materialet har vi använt oss av teorier om kommunikation, värdebaserat och expressivt ledarskap, ledarskap i politiskt styrda organisationen samt Human Resources. Totalt har vi genomfört två informantintervjuer, samt tio intervjuer inom två olika förvaltningar i kommunen. Vi har även tagit del av olika dokument som har legat till grund för vår studie. Resultaten visade att flera av respondenterna upplevde visionen som abstrakt och otydlig. Det framkom även att kommunikationen kring visionen upplevdes som bristfällig inom båda förvaltningarna. Vidare framkom det att ledarskapet har betydelse i arbetet mot en vision. Vår slutsats är att arbetet mot en vision omfattas av god kommunikation, ett värdebaserat/expressivt ledarskap samt ett HR– arbete som är integrerat i organisationens övergripande vision.
This qualitative study aims to investigate how the employees in the munipacility of Halmstad practice the vision - Halmstad 2020 and its value foundations in their working process. We have applied theories about communication, value-based and expressive leadership, leadership in public organizations and Human Resource Management. In total, we performed two interviews with informants, and ten interviews within two different administrations in the munipacility. We have also taken note of various documents that has been the basis of our study. The results indicated that several of the respondents experienced the vision as abstract and vague. It also appeared that communication about the vision was insufficient in the two administrations. Further, the results also indicated that leadership is an important matter in the working process towards a vision. Our conclusion is that the work towards a vision is covered by good communication, a value-based/expressive leadership and that a practice of human resources management are integrated in to the organizations overall vision.

SEMINARIO PARA OPTAR AL TITULO DE INGENIERO COMERCIAL MENCION ECONOMÍA
Este seminario rescata el pensamiento ideológico detrás de las políticas económicas implementadas entre 1982-1989 bajo el Régimen Militar y 1990-2000 en democracia con el Gobierno de Patricio Aylwin y de Eduardo Frei Ruiz-Tagle. Además, describe la visión de desarrollo económico imperante que tenían las autoridades en ese entonces. La metodología utilizada consiste en una recopilación de la historia económica del país, apoyado en bibliografía contingente al tema de estudio y basado en opiniones de personas a cargo de las decisiones económicas o actores presenciales activos en esos periodos. Por lo que los relatos personales y las vivencias comunicadas serán de vital importancia en el desarrollo de la búsqueda de la visión de 1982 a 2000. La principal conclusión es que el sistema económico de libre mercado establecido en el régimen militar continuó con los gobiernos democráticos pero con matices distintos. El crecimiento económico es importante para todos los gobiernos, pero el enfoque social en busca de promover la equidad cobra mayor relevancia en democracia.

För att åstadkomma ett effektivt utvecklingsarbete är det av yttersta vikt att undersöka vilka faktorer som leder till stärkt kvinnlig egenmakt. Med hjälp av ekonometrisk analys jämför denna uppsats kvinnlig egenmakt i Rwanda år 2000 respektive 2010. Trots Rwandas omfattande ekonomiska och jämställdhetsfrämjande reformer kan denna uppsats inte visa på mer än marginella ökningar vad gäller kvinnlig egenmakt. Ökningen hittas endast för kvinnor med hög utbildning. I linje med tidigare forskning indikerar resultatet att Rwandas utveckling i många avseenden främst verkar ha gynnat en mer privilegierad minoritet. Inte heller verkar utbildning vara det självskrivna tillvägagångssätt för att öka kvinnors egenmakt som man hade kunnat förvänta sig.

Abstract:Radio Frequency Technology is one of the exhilarating Technologies that reform the working methodology in any organization. This Technology has been around for decades however this is an innovative approach as far as library field is concerned. This article provides details about, What is RFID? and how does it work? What are the applications of RFID in Libraries? This paper also aims to clarify each and every aspect of RFID Systems and how does it organize electronic library services.

The subject of this thesis is the Exagoge, a second-century BCE Greek tragedy written by Ezekiel the Tragedian. The author retells the biblical story of the Exodus from Egypt, focusing on Moses' calling, leadership, and ultimate elevation. In my analysis of the text, I focus on five main areas: the cultural context; the depiction of Moses in Biblical literature; the Exagoge as Tragedy; the exegesis of the Exagoge; and Moses' dream and early Jewish mysticism. The first chapter surveys Hellenism and Hellenization and the formation of Hellenistic-Jewish identity. The second chapter looks at the development of Moses' character in biblical literature, focusing particularly on the Pentateuch. The third chapter asks how the Exagoge might be considered a tragedy, and how it compares to fifth-century tragedies. I also ask why Ezekiel chose to portray Moses as a tragic figure, and how he might have found precedent for this interpretation in the biblical text itself. The fourth chapter includes a translation of the text from Greek, followed by a line-by-line exegesis of the text. The fifth chapter looks at the dream sequence in the Exagoge and its similarities to 1 Enoch, discussing its relationship to early Jewish mysticism. The goal of the thesis is to discover not only how Moses could be a tragic figure, but also how he could be instrumental to the formation of early Jewish mysticism.

The majority of Christians spend a significant amount of time each week in work, and yet the church has infrequently focused on work as an area of discipleship. In the last century, renewed attention has been given to the theology of work, but even with the availability of a considerable amount of popular resources on the subject, it remains a peripheral issue in many churches. As a result, Christians in work are not being supported in being enabled either to reimagine the significance of their work, or to faithfully practice their work. To address this issue, and to consider how the church might respond, a case study method is used to explore what happens when ten participants from a parish church encounter a theological vision of work in the context of the church’s discipleship programme. Using a phenomenological methodology, the study found, first, that participants exhibited a general ambivalence towards work, and struggled to find meaning in their work, particularly being unable to conceive of their work as having any theological significance. Second, the research showed that an encounter with a developed theological vision of work, rooted in the Reformed tradition, and delivered in the context of a small-group course, was insufficient to help participants begin to reimagine the significance of their work. In the end, drawing on resources from sociology, philosophy, and theology, the primary contention of the study is that, as the postures towards and practices of work are shaped by deeply rooted social imaginaries, churches must give sustained attention to liturgical formation to reshape these imaginaries with a renewed theological perspective rooted in the gospel if they are to support their parishioners in enabling the faithful practice of work.

The topic of this essay is the expected effects that can come during and after a mega event and how the local impact may affect the local community and the citizen. This essay concerns a forthcoming mega event, the Olympic Games that will be held in London 2012. The area that the Olympics will be held in is Stratford that is located about twenty minutes from the central of London by the underground. The Olympic Games is one of the largest mega events with its millions of visitors. The purpose of this essay is to study what is expected after the mega event has taken place in London. This is done through observation and through contact with one of the key members in the project team for the planning around the Olympics 2012. The authors of this essay have also had contact with Björn Folin who is the press officer for the Swedish Olympic Committee. To gain an insight into what might happen, the authors of this essay has also examined what happened after the previous Olympic Games. The result of this study is shaped by what has happened in cities that have arranged the Olympic Games previous years. Since this essay is to examine expectations of what might happen after the Olympic Games in London 2012, much of the outcome of what happened after the Olympics is based on what the outcome have been in previous host cities.

Avfallshämtning är i dagens läge ett fysiskt och psykisk krävande yrke där arbetaren befinner sig i en mycket stressfull arbetsmiljö. I och med den takt städer växer idag och kommer att göra i framtiden så kommer sättet vi hämtar och transporterar avfall behöva att ändras till en mer hållbar lösning. Som tur är befinner vi oss i en era av robotisering som kan hjälpa arbetsmiljön för monotoma och fysiskt krävande yrken. Jag har arbetat för att skapa en vision om hur systemet kring avfallshämtning skulle kunna se ut år 2030. I den här rapporten beskrivs min process och insikterna jag har gjort under vägen till mitt resultat. Slutresultatet är ett autonomt fordon för avfallshämtning i sammanband med ett system för hur de här fordonen ska användas. Fordonen i sig har flera fack för att frakta flera olika fraktioner av avfall samtidigt. Med mål att göra systemet så effektivt som möjligt. Fokuset ligger från att en person har slängt sitt avfall tills dess att det hamnar på en sopstation för att sorteras och sedan transporteras vidare till rätt fabrik beroende på materialegenskap.

Over the last few years, the United Nations’ (UN) goals to achieve a sustainable world by 2030 have made a significant impact on many countries and regions; one such region has been Qatar. The national leadership of Qatar, through the strategic leadership of the ruler Sheikh Tamim bin Hamad bin Khalifa Al-Thani, embarked on an ambitious programme to transform the country’s vibrant oil and gas-centric economy to a knowledge-based economy. The leadership created the Qatar National Vision (2030), which had a focus on ensuring that local Qataris get the maximum benefit from the economy and fully participate in the process of transforming it into a knowledge-based economy (KBE). The QNV 2030 policy has many strands; however, the overarching thread has been to transform the economy through human development and sustainable productivity. In trying to operationalise the transformation of the economy, the government embarked on short-term programmes, such as the development of local infrastructure through the promotion and hosting of international events, including the Asian games and the upcoming 2022 FIFA World Cup. As a policy, therefore, the QNV 2030 has centred on ensuring that the economy creates a systematic way of attracting, identifying, developing, engaging, retaining and deploying local Qataris to work as knowledge workers within the local economy; this process could be referred to as ‘talent management’ – a sub-set of the human development vision of the QNV 2030, and of the UN at large. This research found that, from the onset, the QNV 2030 policy had no tangible, detailed plan for organisations operating in Qatar to use in order transform the economy into a knowledge-based system through talent management. The research used interpretivist and positivist research philosophies to design a mixed methodology that relied on questionnaire surveys and interviews to gather both qualitative and quantitative data from the industry and from literature in general. The research used data from 284 questionnaire survey responses, 24 interviews and interpretive structural modelling to establish the overall picture that, while industries are aware of the importance of the QNV 2030, there has been no synchronisation of organisational and national goals. In addition, the research found that local cultural tendencies tend to create toxic working environments where leadership is restricted, talent management stifled, and the wrong jobs are given to the wrong candidates. This is creating demotivation amongst those individuals who are well qualified but not socially or culturally connected. The overarching conclusion of the research has been that, while the national leadership foresees a KBE in Qatar by 2030, the strategic leaders of organisations in the economy have failed to link their organisational vision to the national vision for the country. The operationalisation of the QNV 2030 has, to a large extent, focused on maintaining short-term economic gains as opposed to the longer-term visionary gains that could accrue if managers invested heavily in human development through talent management. As such, this thesis proposes a framework through which Qatar’s local economy might be transformed into a knowledge-based system through the deployment of a matrix of knowledge workers in learning organisations. It also sets out the critical strategic steps to be undertaken by organisations in both the private and public sectors.

Low vision impacts on Quality of Life (QoL). Thus, low vision services are essential to enhance the QoL of people with functional low vision. However, of the estimated 70 out of the 124 million people with low vision who require services, approximately 5-10% has access to services. The demands for low vision services will continue to grow due to the emerging global trends in ageing populations and changes in the epidemiology of vision impairment. While critical data and information are available for other forms of vision impairment, there is a paucity of information on the distribution, needs, and priorities for improving low vision service delivery at the national, regional, and global levels.
This thesis addressed the problem by first developing and distributing a survey to Vision 2020 contacts, government, and non government organisations in 195 countries during 2006-2008 to assess the current situation of low vision services globally. The survey was first pilot tested leading to improvements in the length, layout, and content of its form. Specifically, the survey topics included: epidemiology, policies, human resources, service provision, barriers, equipment, and monitoring and evaluation.
The Classification Analysis and Regression Tree (CART), logistic regression methodology and grounded theory analysis were used to present the findings and identify the critical success factors of low vision service coverage. The qualitative component consisted of case studies in three countries (India, Ghana, and Cameroon) during November 2007 and 2008. A total of 101 interviews were carried out. The case studies provided an overview and historical perspective of services, effectiveness, cost, efficiency, acceptability, access, equity, sustainability, and ideal situations as recommended by interviewees. Qualitative findings from the case studies were produced with the assistance of the NVivo software.
The primary results are that the majority (80%) of countries have poor (≤10%) coverage. Key issues pertinent to the current situation of service coverage are: human resources (number and combination of disciplines), funding (sustainability and arrangements), type of services provided (comprehensive and multidisciplinary) and its locations (NGOs or government facilities), and the sociodemographic and economic barriers (costs, awareness, and rural areas) to accessing services.
The critical success factors found in this research are represented by the ‘FRAME’: Funding (sustainable source, public and private mix), Rehabilitation workers (e.g., adequate numbers of multidisciplinary personnel), Access to low vision devices, Multidisciplinary services; and External contextual influences in which low vision services operate in. The case studies identified seven major themes that further build on the FRAME: sustainability, governance, advocacy, human resources, access, awareness, and service delivery.
The conclusion of the thesis is that a global picture of the current situation of low vision services was acquired and it is now known which countries have poor (≤10%) and better (>10%) coverage. It also found the critical success factors that will assist the WHO Low Vision Working Group and Vision 2020 to improve the current models of service delivery, future planning, training curriculum development, and priorities setting. Specifically, these need to be achieved through three areas of action: human resources development, sustainability, and advocacy.

The absence of in-domain labeled data hinders the applicability of powerful deep neural networks. Unsupervised Domain Adaptation (UDA) methods have emerged to exploit such models even when labeled data is not available in the target domain. All these techniques aim to reduce the distribution shift problem that afflicts these models when trained on one dataset and tested in a different one. However, most of the works, do not consider relationships among tasks to further boost performances. In this thesis, we study a recent method called AT/DT (Across Tasks Domain Transfer), that seeks to apply Domain Adaptation together with Task Adaptation, leveraging on the correlation of two popular Vision tasks such as Semantic Segmentation and Monocular Depth Estimation. Inspired by the Domain Adaptation literature, we propose many extensions to the original work and show how these enhance the framework performances. Our contributions are applied at different levels: we first study how different architectures affect the transferability of features across tasks. We further improve performances by deploying Adversarial training. Finally, we explore the possibility of replacing Depth Estimation with popular Self-supervised tasks, demonstrating that two tasks must be semantically connected to be able to transfer features among them.

The aim of this diploma thesis is to describe historical development of Kenya, analyze its current socioeconomic and political situation and characterize major problems and comparative advantages, which are crucial for its future development. The main contribution of the thesis are my own findings and experience gained during cultural internship in Kenya. The first chapter describes historical development from the beginning of the first settlement on its territory to post colonial era. The second part focuses on demographic indicators, sectorial economic structure, development of macroeconomic indicators in the context of east Africa, political situation and on governmental program called Vision 2030. The last part characterizes key Kenyan advantages and problems with focus on tourism, education and political and religious conflicts. The thesis is closed with future economic prognoses for Kenya.

Kenya’s electricity sector faces extensive development as the country strives to achieve the goal of universal access to electricity by 2020 and the national blueprint Kenya Vision 2030. With a history of overestimating the future electricity demand, it is important to make investment decisions based on realistic demand prognoses. In this study, we evaluate a cost-optimal energy mix for electricity generation in 2030 for scenarios following business-as-usual (BAU) and Kenya Vision 2030 demand forecasts, using the spatial electrification tool OnSSET and the energy system modelling tool OSeMOSYS. Kenya is vulnerable to climate change and faces the challenge of frequent droughts, making water management a national priority. This study considers the nexus of Climate, Land, Energy and Water (CLEW). We look at how a climate change scenario, following a worst-case development according to Representative Concentration Pathway (RCP) 8.5, can affect the hydrology of the Tana River and thereby the electricity generation from its hydro power plants. Results show that the share of grid connected households increase with a higher demand forecast, that the investment cost of meeting the electricity demand of Kenya Vision 2030 is 106 % higher than the investment cost at BAU demand and that extreme climate change reduces the electricity generation of hydropower, leading up to that 2 % of electricity production must be supplied by other (non-hydro) sources in 2030. A conclusion drawn from this study is that the demand estimation has a central role for the investments in electricity technologies and is suggested to be based on trends of Kenya’s actual growth rather than visionary goals. Another conclusion is that a scenario of climate change impacts the future usage of hydropower, making the nexus to other natural resources important to include in the development of the electricity system.
Kenyas elsektor står inför omfattande utveckling när landet strävar efter att ge hela befolkningen tillgång till elektricitet och att uppfylla de nationella utvecklingsmålen enligt Kenya Vision 2030. Då elbehovet tidigare överskattats är det viktigt att investeringsbeslut grundas på realistiska efterfrågeprognoser. I den här studien utvärderas en kostnadsoptimal energimix för elgenerering år 2030 i scenarion som följer prognostiserade elbehov enligt business-as-usual (BAU) och Kenya Vision 2030, med hjälp av modelleringsverktygen OnSSET och OSeMOSYS. Kenya är utsatt för klimatförändringar och har problem med återkommande torka, därför är vattenplanering högt prioriterad i landet. Den här studien tar hänsyn till hur Klimat, Land, Energi och Vatten (CLEW) påverkar varandra. Vi tittar på hur ett extremt klimatförändringsscenario som följer Representative Concentration Pathway (RCP) 8.5 kan påverka hydrologin i floden Tana och därmed elgenereringen från dess vattenkraftverk. Resultaten visar att andelen elnätsanslutna hushåll bör bli större vid ett högre elbehov, att investeringskostnaden för att möta elbehovet enligt Kenya Vision 2030 är 106 % högre än investeringskostnaden i ett BAU-scenario och att extrema klimatförändringar kan göra att elgenereringen från vattenkraft minskar, vilket gör att 2 % av elgenereringen måste ersättas av andra energikällor år 2030. En av slutsatserna i studien är att efterfrågeprognosen har en central roll för investeringar som görs i elsystemet och bör baseras på utvecklingstrender snarare än visionära mål. En annan slutsats är att klimatförändring påverkar den framtida produktionen från vattenkraft, vilket gör att kopplingen till andra naturresurser är viktig att inkludera i utvecklingen av elsystemet.

The study examines first, second and third level agenda setting role of the media (the agenda setting process) in the implementation of Nigeria's Vision 20:2020 in the context of the media as a public sphere and assesses the agenda-setting process across the three normative agendas: media, public and policy. Specifically, the salience of the Vision; the tone of news; the type of news; the source of news; the manifest attributes and the agenda setting process. The study employed pragmatism and mixed methods research approach to study four Nigerian daily newspapers- ThisDay, The Punch, The Nation and Vanguard, purposively selected and studied over a three-year period 2010, 2011, 2012 using content analysis. At the same time, a survey of twenty-five Journalists from Nigerian main stream media was conducted. It was found that the issue is salient in the media with 134 articles across the four newspapers. This is a confirmation of first level agenda setting. The study also revealed that all cognitive attributes of the Vision are salient in the media with varying impacts. Furthermore, the study adjudges the efficacy of third level agenda setting in the implementation of the Vision based on the salience of each of the attributes and how all the attributes network in ensuring the transfer of salience from the media to the public agenda. This completes the agenda setting process in a single study. Interestingly, the tone of news revealed conflicting results. While the content analysis revealed mostly positive tones, the survey result revealed negative perception of the Vision. These conflicting results are attributed to Mellado and Lagos's reporter/sources bias in news (interventionist dimension) and reporter's neutrality and distance from the fact (disseminatorinterventionist dimension), respectively. The study also found that the Nigerian media system, from pre-colonial to present day, possess features of different models of media systems. Specifically, Authoritarianism, Social Responsibility, Libertarianism, Political Parallelism, Instrumentalism, Media Market and State Control define the Nigerian media system. While race as a variable, is not a determining variable of the Nigerian media system owing to the monoracial nature of the country. The study concludes and recommends the adoption of 'agenda setting process' as the most suitable theoretical approach in any study that assesses the impact of the media in the implementation of an all-encompassing development plan anywhere in the world, but such a study should be country-specific due to the peculiarity of each nation-state in terms of the differences in media system, type of government, economic, political and socio-cultural factors.