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Academic literature on the topic 'Vision biomimétique'
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Vision biomimétique"
Durette, Barthélémy. "Traitement du signal pour les prothèses visuelles : approche biomimétique et sensori-motrice." Phd thesis, Grenoble 1, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009GRE10109.
Full textAlthought the development of invasive (implants or non-invasive (sensory substitution system) visual prostheses started 40 years ago, the use of such devices in the visually-impaired community is still anecdotal. Technological means are not likely to account for this situation. Since the former approaches, the means to interface a video-camera with the brain are more and more sophisticated and diversified. The question about how transmit the signal is thus well documented. However, the question about what signal should be transmitted is rarely addressed. In this thesis, we will identify tools to push the conception of visual prosthesis beyond the scope of mere interfacing. Active theories of vision are our guideline to do so. Moreover, our work is inspired by natural visual systems : from a model of the human' early visual system established in our laboratory, we have derived a simulation software and implemented it in a recent visuo-auditory sensory substitution system named The VIBE. Our approach is validated with human subjects wearing the device under different tasks requiring localization and/or mobility. Observation of the subject's behavior when using the device demonstrates the interest of signal processing in a visual prosthesis, and give new trails concerning its role in the visual process, be it artificial or natural
Kendoul, Farid. "Modélisation et commande de véhicules aériens autonomes, et développement d'un pilote automatique basé sur la vision." Compiègne, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007COMP1694.
Full textIn this thesis, we address the 3D flight control problem for small unmanned aerial vehicles. The first step in achieving such UA V autonomy is basic stability. In doing so, we investigate control techniques which would allow a small rotorcraft UA V to perform autonomously basic tasks such as take-off, hovering and landing. The proposed flight controllers consider actuator saturation and guarantee system stability and good flight performance. One of the main contributions of this thesis is also the development of a vision-based autopilot for self localization, obstacles detection and control of small autonomous helicopters using optic flow and inertial data. The proposed autopilot is inspired by insects and represents a major step toward our goal of designing autonomous small flying machines capable of navigating within urban and unknown environments. It is composed of a vision module for localization and perception, and an adaptive control system for navigation and trajectory tracking
Cotteret, Gilles. "Extraction d'éléments curvilignes guidée par des mécanismes attentionnels pour des images de télédétection : approche par fusion de données." Phd thesis, Université Paris Sud - Paris XI, 2005. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00163679.
Full textAinsi les trois parties du modèle ELECA sont (1) une méthode de recherche de l'information locale qui utilise un œil virtuel pour ne se focaliser qu'aux lieux d'information probable, évitant ainsi un traitement global de l'image ; (2) une méthode simple et rapide d'extraction de l'information locale par une adaptation astucieuse d'une analyse en composantes connexes ; et (3) une méthode originale de fusion des informations locales qui s'appuie sur des travaux de reconstruction de l'espace global par raisonnement spatial qualitatif.
Le modèle ELECA évite de cette manière certains pièges dans lesquels tombent souvent les méthodes courantes/classiques. En particulier, la technique proposée peut être mise en œuvre pour des images partiellement masquées ou de basse résolution pour lesquelles seulement des interprètes humains peuvent traiter l'image présentement. La méthode a été aussi élaborée pour être rapide et efficace afin de pouvoir réaliser des mises à jour de SIG très rapides lorsque nécessaire.
La dernière partie de ce travail est consacrée à l'élaboration d'une solution informatique supportant le modèle ELECA. Une architecture logicielle souple et adaptative est mise en avant, permettant l'intégration de développements ultérieurs pour le modèle. Enfin un volet algorithmique montre concrètement que les solutions du modèle ELECA sont implantables en termes informatiques.
Kerhuel, Lubin. "Capteurs optiques minimalistes et réflexes oculomoteurs biomimétiques : Applications à la robotique aérienne." Montpellier 2, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009MON20176.
Full textIn mobile robotics, navigation based on vision use traditional imagers type "camera", with hundreds of thousands of pixels. The treatment of these flows of images requires a computing power that would be difficult today to embark on a micro-aircraft with a few grams or tens of grams. There are already some robotics agents whose performance navigation in unfamiliar surroundings are unparalleled and yet operate any other way. Birds and insects show a unique ability to avoid obstacles and to pursue prey or conspecifics, an ability that stems from their unique perception of the environment. The original minimalist sensors allow insects to perceive the environment effectively despite their low cognitive abilities. Some insects, like the fly, further improve their perception of the environment by stabilizing their visual system with a decoupling head-body controlled by an equivalent inertial vestibulo-ocular reflex in mammals. This stabilization of the visual platform is apparently essential to simplify the visual processing and implement strategies for effective navigation. The thesis is based largely on these biological considerations and based on two axes: • a first axis "sensor" that is deliberately builds around a basic eye (consisting of only two photoreceptors, thus two pixels). We first improved the performance of optical flow sensor inspired by the fly and built in the laboratory. Then we proposed a new principle of visual processing that permit measurement of very precise angular position of an edge contrast. • a second axis "visuo-inertial reflex" for which we have developed a new mini aerial robot called OSCAR 2. Equipped with our new optical sensor, OSCAR 2, which weighs only 100 grams, is capable of staring at a stationary visual target, and further tracking a moving target, despite strong aerodynamic disturbances imposed on its body. It prefigures the micro-air vehicles of tomorrow, who will head where they focus their gaze
Kerhuel, Lubin. "Capteurs optiques minimalistes & réflexes oculomoteurs biomimétiques. Application à la robotique aérienne." Phd thesis, Université Montpellier II - Sciences et Techniques du Languedoc, 2009. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00559101.
Full textRebaud, Samuel. "Étude de l'interaction d'une famille de protéines myristoylées, les Visinin-Like Proteins, avec des membranes biomimétiques et développement d'un nouveau modèle membranaire dédié à l'étude de l'interaction protéine / lipide." Thesis, Lyon 1, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015LYO10035.
Full textTwo members of the Visinin-Like Proteins (VILIPs) family, VILIP-1 and VILIP-3, have been studied using two biomimetic membrane models, the Langmuir monolayers coupled to the Brewster angle microscopy (BAM) and the supported lipid bilayers (SLB) visualized by atomic force microscopy (AFM). Using these two models, we have shown that VILIPs, N-myristoylated proteins with four EF-hands, have a membrane interaction kinetic that increases in the presence of calcium, probably due to the presence of a "calcium-myristoyl switch" mechanism. Tn contrast, the use of unmyristoylated proteins revealed that the presence of the myristoyl group is not the only factor necessary for the interaction of these proteins with the membrane. The presence of a N- terminal lysine-rich region allows this family of proteins to interact through electrostatic interactions with membranes containing anionic lipids and particularly the phosphatidylionisitol-4,5-biphosphate (PIP2). The presence of a small percent of phosphoinositide in the membrane is responsible for the acceleration of the binding rate of VILIPs, which is consistent with their subcellular location in cellulo. Finally, a new membrane model of peptide tethered lipid bilayers (pep-tBLM) grafted onto a gold surface was developed. The method described in this manuscript allows the formation of tBLM, containing the desired lipid composition, by using a home-designed peptide as tether. The formation is followed in real time by surface plasmon resonance imaging (SPRi) and has been characterized by AFM and fluorescence microscopy
Serres, Julien. "DE L'ABEILLE AU ROBOT : LA RÉGULATION DU FLUX OPTIQUE. Contrôle conjoint de vitesse et d'évitements d'obstacles latéraux pour véhicules totalement actionnés." Phd thesis, Université Montpellier II - Sciences et Techniques du Languedoc, 2008. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00645272.
Full textSerres, Julien. "De l'abeille au robot : "la régulation du flux optique" : contrôle conjoint de vitesse et d'évitement d'obstacles latéraux pour véhicules totalement actionnés." Montpellier 2, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008MON20076.
Full textWe developed an autopilot, called LORA (Lateral Optic flow Regulation Autopilot), which is inspired by motion vision in flying insects. It incorporates two interdependent optic flow regulators, each of which controls one translational degree of freedom: a bilateral optic flow regulator controls the robot's speed, while a unilateral optic flow regulator makes the robot avoid lateral obstacles. Simulation experiments show that a fully actuated vehicle, equipped solely with the LORA autopilot, is able to cross straight, tapered or even non stationary corridors. The robot needs only a pair of lateral eyes that measure the right and left optic flows, and requires no speed or range sensors. This autopilot is meant to equip a miniature seeing hovercraft (0. 8 kg) equipped with two elementary (2-pixel) eyes and rendered fully actuated by two lateral thrusters. We identified experimentally all the robot's dynamical parameters and incorporated them into the simulation. This work is a first step toward a deft, lightweight and power-lean guidance system for micro-air vehicles (MAVs). Designing the autopilot involved three steps: LORA I, LORA II and LORA III that were progressively informed by the results of behavioural experiments carried out on bees trained to enter various corridors en route to an artificial nectar source. High resolution video recording and statistical analyses of the bees' trajectories in various environments allowed the underlying visuomotor control system to be deciphered. We challenge the “optic flow balance” hypothesis that was put forward 20 years ago to explain the bee's “centering reaction” in a corridor. Even though this behaviour has inspired the design of many robots eversince, it now appears as a degenerate case of the insect's ''wall following behaviour''. Our work involved constant plying between Biology to Robotics and provides spin-offs in both fields. It allows one to better understand how a 100mg insect can navigate without using any SONAR, RADAR, LIDAR or GPS, while offering autonomous vehicles an opportunity to behave the same way, without any needs to measure speed and range
Dupeyroux, Julien. "Navigation autonome bio-inspirée appliquée à un robot hexapode." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019AIXM0244.
Full textAutonomous navigation is one of the leading technological challenges of the 21st century and is currently solved using GPS and camera-based strategies. This PhD thesis aims at setting up new navigation strategies inspired by desert ants Cataglyphis, requiring few resources and tested on board a hexapod walking robot. Taking inspiration from the ants' compound eye, a novel celestial compass - composed of just two ultraviolet-sensitive photodiodes topped with rotating linear polarizers - provides measurements of the angle of polarization of the skylight with high angular precision. This angle is used as the vehicle's heading while navigating. This compass provided excellent performances regardless of the meteorological condition. Navigation tasks were performed with our hexapod robot AntBot equipped with both the celestial compass and an optic flow sensor, which includes 12 auto-adaptive pixels mimicking photoreceptors in turtles. AntBot has a path integrator navigation system inspired by behavioral studies in desert ants Cataglyphis. This strategy uses the heading given by the celestial compass, the distance measured with the optic flow sensor, and the stride integrator to determine the vehicle's position with respect to its departure location. Experiments resulted in a navigation error of approximately 6cm regardless of the shape and the length of the trajectory (varying from 5m to 15m). These results show that such navigation system can be used to complement classical techniques like GPS and vision-based ones, with a high level of robustness and efficiency, and with few computational resources needed