Dissertations / Theses: 'Vision impairment'

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Candido, Jacqueline P. Haslam Elizabeth L. "Visual impairment in a visual medium perspectives of online learners with visual impairments /." Philadelphia, Pa. : Drexel University, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/1860/2932.

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Otters, Rosalie V. "Vision Impairment and Depression in the Older Adult." Thesis, University of North Texas, 2005. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc4848/.

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The older adult population in the United States is rapidly expanding both because of longer life expectancies as well as the aging of the baby boomers. While vision impairment is a growing concern among older adults, there have been few, mostly small studies, of the impact of vision impairment on this population. The present study uses a national data set, the Second Supplement on Aging (1994 -1996) from the National Health Interview Survey, in a cross-sectional study of 9,447 civilian non-institutionalized persons, aged 70 years and over at the time of their interview. The SOA II has been studied in the context of a social theory of aging that emphasizes interdependence through the life course using a stress process model that has been refined into a disability model. Disability is understood as a social construction outcome rather than as a medical outcome. Vision impairment is the stressor which is mediated by health (falls, functioning and self-health report), financial resources (education, income and having only public health insurance) and social support (marital, living along, having no living children, social activities in number and intensity). Depression is a possible, but not a necessary result of vision impairment. Disability may result when a medical pathology leads to an impairment which results in a functional limitation and finally a social disability. This secondary analysis used a multinomial logistic regression for both the whole sample as well as separately for each gender. For the whole sample the results indicate that a typical profile of a vision-impaired older adult depressed some/all of the time, would be a younger-old White woman (aged 70-74 years old) who has fallen in the past 12 months, has difficult with one or more Activities of Daily Living or with both one or more Activities of Daily Living and Instrumental Activities of Daily Living, has a poor to fair self-heath report, a family income under $20,000, a high school or less education, lives alone, has a living child and lacks social activities in number and intensity. In the gender samples, only the female sample at the some/all of the time depression category is significant. Older vision-impaired adults, especially older women who have more social supports are less likely to be depressed and so disabled. There is a need for social policies that will educate, encourage and support older vision-impaired adults as they seek to compensate for the loss of vision, often late in life.

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Richards, Victoria. "(Re)Envisioning the tourism experiences of people with vision impairment." Thesis, Cardiff Metropolitan University, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10369/4505.

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Whilst tourism has been recognised as a tool for tackling social exclusion, disability has been a neglected area of tourism. Moreover, few studies have focused on the experiences of vision impaired people in part due to an assumption that they can derive little from seeing ‘the sights’ and experiencing a place at its full potential. My research aims to gain a profound and in-depth understanding of the tourism experiences of vision impaired people to discover the meaning and significance of tourism in their lives while also capturing embodied experiences in tourism places and spaces. Underpinned by the social, sociology of impairment and affirmation models of disability, the study’s emancipatory disability research philosophy places vision impaired people’s voices at its heart as the study’s co-researchers. Phase One involved four focus groups of vision impaired people at Cardiff Vale and Valleys while Phase Two is based on in-depth conversations with five vision impaired people and their families in South East Wales. Phase One identifies individual, social and environmental barriers to positive participation while Phase Two highlights the need for effective staff training, universal design, accessible information and illustrates that embodied experiences involve the synaesthesia of the senses connecting with multi-sensory tourism environments. Vision impairment does not necessarily preclude appreciation of visual impressions and my co-researchers have demonstrated from non-vision and low vision perspectives that meaningful tourism experiences are achievable. However, the research also presents a complex and diverse picture of needs and aspirations in tourism engagement. The thesis concludes with a series of recommendations for enquiry, practice and policy. It is suggested that inclusive thinking by the tourism industry, scholars and vision impaired people themselves hold the key to improving rights of citizenship and enabling vision impaired people to find an equal sense of place in the world.

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Wiecek, E. K. "Quantifying functional impairment and metamorphopsia in a low vision population." Thesis, University College London (University of London), 2015. http://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/1460419/.

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Visual perception is required to interact with our environment on a daily basis. Pathological vision loss can disrupt perception and cause systematic functional changes. Quantifying these changes is essential to monitor deficits associated with visual disease, but measurement is complicated by retinotopic impairment, an overlap of symptoms, and influence from higher visual processes. Visual search provides a way to examine visual functioning in a ubiquitous task that involves an interplay between high-resolution central vision and low-resolution peripheral vision. We examined visual search performance in 12 participants with peripheral visual field loss (PVFL) and eight participants with central visual field loss (CVFL). Visual search behavior in PVFL participants was significantly different from age-matched controls with no field loss; yet oculomotor parameters were not significantly different. This suggests that PVFL impairs eye movement strategies, but not dynamics of oculomotor control. CVFL participants completed a visual search task with a set of image modifications designed to improve common perceptual deficits of CVFL patients. There was no significant benefit of image modification on performance, but a multivariate model accurately predicted performance on the basis of age, acuity and extent of field loss. Attempts to improve search may be more successful if they are tailored to the individual’s deficits. Metamorphopsia (visual distortion) often precedes visual field loss, may be caused by retinal layer displacement, and can be used to study the progression of retinal disease. A retrospective study of more than 7,000 Amsler grids showed systematic variations in the spatial pattern of distortion across different etiologies and concluded that metamorphopsia is a prevalent symptom that varies across disease type. However, a study of patient reported outcomes determined that metamorphopsia is under-reported in retinal disease patients, which may impact self-referral and clinical management. We also developed novel psychophysical methods to quantify metamorphopsia, yet found that measures across methods were uncorrelated. This suggests that metamorphopsia is not simply a consequence of pathological retinal displacement, but involves higher visual processes. Finally, we considered how metamorphopsia interacts with visual acuity and found a nonlinear relationship between the spatial properties of distortion and performance on a letter recognition task.

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Washington, Samantha. "Teachers' Perceptions About Addressing Literacy for Students With Vision Impairment." ScholarWorks, 2017. https://scholarworks.waldenu.edu/dissertations/4486.

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Regular education teachers are sometimes at a disadvantage when required to instruct learners with a visual impairment or other special needs in the classroom. A problem exists with reduced support and training for regular education teachers responsible for meeting literacy needs of students with visual impairment. The purpose of this qualitative interpretive case study was to explore regular education instructors' perceptions of their self-efficacy and ability to modify literature for learners with visual impairment. The research questions targeted this purpose, specifically in the areas of training opportunities and technology use. The social cognitive theory, a model emphasizing learning occurring through social contexts and observations, was used as the conceptual framework for this study. Data were collected from 1-on-1 interviews with 10 volunteer regular education teachers teaching students at the elementary level. The resulting data were analyzed via color-coding transcripts, NVivo running word-frequency queries, and manual review of each transcript. The results revealed the participants did not have training, awareness for the literacy needs of students with visual impairment, or knowledge of the different types of technology used to access and create literacy materials. Although they lacked training and current knowledge of providing literacy instruction, the participants expressed confidence in their ability to research, collaborate, and gain the knowledge needed to effectively do so. The implications for positive social change include implementation of training and/or an education cycle for more efficient instruction when serving a student with visual impairment in the local school district. Efficient instruction can facilitate an improvement in the academic performance of students with visual impairment.

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Gothwal, Vijaya Kumari. "Functional vision performance in Indian school-going children with visual impairment." Thesis, Queensland University of Technology, 2007. https://eprints.qut.edu.au/16659/1/Vijaya_Kumari_Gothwal_Thesis.pdf.

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Functional vision refers to the use of vision to perform day-day tasks and is assessed by the ability to perform these tasks. Assessment of functional vision is an integral component of the management of children with visual impairment. The results of the assessment help in designing appropriate educational and rehabilitation intervention strategies. The L V Prasad-Functional Vision Questionnaire (LVP-FVQ) is a reliable and valid tool for assessing self-reported functional vision performance (FVP) in children. Self-reports are obviously the child's perception of his or her ability to perform certain tasks but they may not reflect actual performance. Various studies of FVP in adults have used actual performance measures of everyday tasks, but very few studies, even in adults with visual impairment, have compared self-reports and performance measures and none have included identical tasks on the 2 methods of assessment. To date, no study has assessed FVP using performance measures of daily tasks in the paediatric population. Therefore, the aims of the current study were: (1) To develop performance measures of FVP and compare them with self-reports of FVP from the LVP-FVQ in a prospective cohort of Indian school-going children with visual impairment. (2) To investigate the effect of a psychological attribute, self-concept, on self-reports, performance measures and the relationships between the 2 measures. (3) To investigate the relationship between clinical measures of vision and FVP. Performance measures of FVP for children with visual impairment were developed for 17 day to day tasks for comparison with self-reports of the same tasks for the LVP-FVQ. The LVP-FVQ was verbally administered by the researcher to 178 Indian school-going children aged between 8 and 17 years with visual impairment. Similarly, the performance of each of the tasks by these children was measured by the researcher. The performance measures for most of these tasks were recorded on continuous scales and later categorized to match the ordinal ratings from the LVP-FVQ. The self-report and performance measure ratings for the 17 tasks were then converted into the same metric using a Rasch model allowing an accurate picture of whether and how these two measures of FVP compared with each other. Rasch analysis was used to estimate the person ability and item difficulty for FVP from the 2 methods of assessment. Self-reports showed stronger correlations with performance measures of FVP than were hypothesized. Similar to some studies in adults, binocular high-contrast visual acuity was found to be the single most significant predictor of a child's functional vision performance. Contrary to expectations, self-concept did not have a significant effect on the relationship between the 2 measures. A few reasons for the stronger than expected relationship between the 2 methods of assessment of FVP in children with visual impairment are suggested. Firstly, the use of identical tasks for self-reports and performance measures of FVP is likely to improve the relationship. Secondly, the LVP-FVQ was developed using focus groups of children with visual impairment, their parents, low vision specialists and rehabilitation professionals leading to good content validity. Since children were included in the development of the LVP-FVQ, the tasks were representative of a child's typical daily life. Thus, the performance measures were also suited to the day-day tasks of school-going children but were not tapping any social and psychological issues relating to visual impairment. Thirdly, the use of Rasch analysis which addresses many of the issues of unequal measurement and defines a hierarchy of items for self-reports and performance measures could have led to higher correlations in the present study. Finally, the high reliability and validity of self-reports and performance measures of FVP in the present study may have contributed to the higher than expected correlations. None of the demographic variables or self-concept affected the relationship between self-reports and performance measures of FVP, but self-concept had a weak significant association with self-reports. This result is unique to this study and warrants further investigation. Binocular high-contrast visual acuity alone, the most common visual function measured in ophthalmic clinics, explained between one-third and two-thirds of the variance in functional vision performance. This confirms the expected trend that with worse visual impairment, FVP is lower. The addition of the variable, self-concept, resulted in a very small increase in the variability explained for self-reported FVP. Similarly, the addition of other clinical measures of vision such as binocular low contrast visual acuity and colour vision resulted in a small increase in the variability explained for performance measures of FVP. The correlation between binocular high-contrast visual acuity and performance measures of FVP was statistically significantly higher than that between binocular high-contrast visual acuity and self-reports of FVP. There are a few possible reasons for this higher correlation. Firstly, performance measures are considered to be a more "objective" form of assessment, while self-reports are a child's perception of his or her ability and therefore lack a context, which may result in either over-estimation or under-estimation of actual ability. Furthermore, performance measures include dimensions such as the time taken to perform a task or other criteria specific to a task, while self-reports do not use such qualifiers. Secondly, the higher correlation may be the result of the visual complexity of some of the tasks. While self-concepts of children with visual impairment played a small but significant role in the self-reported FVP, studies in adults with visual impairment have suggested that other psychological factors such as mood, anxiety, motivation etc. are associated with an individual's perception of visual performance. Future studies are required to explore the possible role of these and other factors in FVP in Indian school-going children with visual impairment. This thesis makes a significant contribution to the field of paediatric low vision rehabilitation by providing performance measures of FVP and relating them to self-reports in children with visual impairment and their relationship with common measures of visual function. With self-reports, the child is reporting his or her perception of ability to complete a task, where performance measures examine the child's ability to complete a task by observing his or her performance. Thus, although the two methods are comparable, it is because of the different yields from each of these measures that they are not considered interchangeable. A combination of the 2 measures where practical would perhaps provide a richer depiction of the FVP of children with visual impairment. As developing countries such as India have limited resources allocated for eye care services where less than seven percent of the gross national product is spent on health care, self-reports can be utilized together with clinical measures of vision (mainly visual acuity) to assess the FVP in children with visual impairment in a community setting. However, both methods of assessment of FVP together with clinical measures of vision are essential if a comprehensive assessment of FVP is to be carried out in children with visual impairment. Information from these assessments can help clinicians better understand the functioning of children with visual impairment and incorporate them in the management of low vision in school-going children with visual impairment in India.

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Gothwal, Vijaya Kumari. "Functional vision performance in Indian school-going children with visual impairment." Queensland University of Technology, 2007. http://eprints.qut.edu.au/16659/.

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Functional vision refers to the use of vision to perform day-day tasks and is assessed by the ability to perform these tasks. Assessment of functional vision is an integral component of the management of children with visual impairment. The results of the assessment help in designing appropriate educational and rehabilitation intervention strategies. The L V Prasad-Functional Vision Questionnaire (LVP-FVQ) is a reliable and valid tool for assessing self-reported functional vision performance (FVP) in children. Self-reports are obviously the child's perception of his or her ability to perform certain tasks but they may not reflect actual performance. Various studies of FVP in adults have used actual performance measures of everyday tasks, but very few studies, even in adults with visual impairment, have compared self-reports and performance measures and none have included identical tasks on the 2 methods of assessment. To date, no study has assessed FVP using performance measures of daily tasks in the paediatric population. Therefore, the aims of the current study were: (1) To develop performance measures of FVP and compare them with self-reports of FVP from the LVP-FVQ in a prospective cohort of Indian school-going children with visual impairment. (2) To investigate the effect of a psychological attribute, self-concept, on self-reports, performance measures and the relationships between the 2 measures. (3) To investigate the relationship between clinical measures of vision and FVP. Performance measures of FVP for children with visual impairment were developed for 17 day to day tasks for comparison with self-reports of the same tasks for the LVP-FVQ. The LVP-FVQ was verbally administered by the researcher to 178 Indian school-going children aged between 8 and 17 years with visual impairment. Similarly, the performance of each of the tasks by these children was measured by the researcher. The performance measures for most of these tasks were recorded on continuous scales and later categorized to match the ordinal ratings from the LVP-FVQ. The self-report and performance measure ratings for the 17 tasks were then converted into the same metric using a Rasch model allowing an accurate picture of whether and how these two measures of FVP compared with each other. Rasch analysis was used to estimate the person ability and item difficulty for FVP from the 2 methods of assessment. Self-reports showed stronger correlations with performance measures of FVP than were hypothesized. Similar to some studies in adults, binocular high-contrast visual acuity was found to be the single most significant predictor of a child's functional vision performance. Contrary to expectations, self-concept did not have a significant effect on the relationship between the 2 measures. A few reasons for the stronger than expected relationship between the 2 methods of assessment of FVP in children with visual impairment are suggested. Firstly, the use of identical tasks for self-reports and performance measures of FVP is likely to improve the relationship. Secondly, the LVP-FVQ was developed using focus groups of children with visual impairment, their parents, low vision specialists and rehabilitation professionals leading to good content validity. Since children were included in the development of the LVP-FVQ, the tasks were representative of a child's typical daily life. Thus, the performance measures were also suited to the day-day tasks of school-going children but were not tapping any social and psychological issues relating to visual impairment. Thirdly, the use of Rasch analysis which addresses many of the issues of unequal measurement and defines a hierarchy of items for self-reports and performance measures could have led to higher correlations in the present study. Finally, the high reliability and validity of self-reports and performance measures of FVP in the present study may have contributed to the higher than expected correlations. None of the demographic variables or self-concept affected the relationship between self-reports and performance measures of FVP, but self-concept had a weak significant association with self-reports. This result is unique to this study and warrants further investigation. Binocular high-contrast visual acuity alone, the most common visual function measured in ophthalmic clinics, explained between one-third and two-thirds of the variance in functional vision performance. This confirms the expected trend that with worse visual impairment, FVP is lower. The addition of the variable, self-concept, resulted in a very small increase in the variability explained for self-reported FVP. Similarly, the addition of other clinical measures of vision such as binocular low contrast visual acuity and colour vision resulted in a small increase in the variability explained for performance measures of FVP. The correlation between binocular high-contrast visual acuity and performance measures of FVP was statistically significantly higher than that between binocular high-contrast visual acuity and self-reports of FVP. There are a few possible reasons for this higher correlation. Firstly, performance measures are considered to be a more "objective" form of assessment, while self-reports are a child's perception of his or her ability and therefore lack a context, which may result in either over-estimation or under-estimation of actual ability. Furthermore, performance measures include dimensions such as the time taken to perform a task or other criteria specific to a task, while self-reports do not use such qualifiers. Secondly, the higher correlation may be the result of the visual complexity of some of the tasks. While self-concepts of children with visual impairment played a small but significant role in the self-reported FVP, studies in adults with visual impairment have suggested that other psychological factors such as mood, anxiety, motivation etc. are associated with an individual's perception of visual performance. Future studies are required to explore the possible role of these and other factors in FVP in Indian school-going children with visual impairment. This thesis makes a significant contribution to the field of paediatric low vision rehabilitation by providing performance measures of FVP and relating them to self-reports in children with visual impairment and their relationship with common measures of visual function. With self-reports, the child is reporting his or her perception of ability to complete a task, where performance measures examine the child's ability to complete a task by observing his or her performance. Thus, although the two methods are comparable, it is because of the different yields from each of these measures that they are not considered interchangeable. A combination of the 2 measures where practical would perhaps provide a richer depiction of the FVP of children with visual impairment. As developing countries such as India have limited resources allocated for eye care services where less than seven percent of the gross national product is spent on health care, self-reports can be utilized together with clinical measures of vision (mainly visual acuity) to assess the FVP in children with visual impairment in a community setting. However, both methods of assessment of FVP together with clinical measures of vision are essential if a comprehensive assessment of FVP is to be carried out in children with visual impairment. Information from these assessments can help clinicians better understand the functioning of children with visual impairment and incorporate them in the management of low vision in school-going children with visual impairment in India.

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Knight, Lelia. "Vision impairment in older adults : adaptation strategies and the Charles Bonnet syndrome." Thesis, McGill University, 2006. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=100741.

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Adaptation to vision impairment was studied by telephone interviews with 78 legally blind adults (mean age 79.5) who had received rehabilitation services from an agency in upstate New York. Data were collected on demographics, health, activity levels, social support, blindness data, adaptation to vision loss (AVL scale, Horwitz and Reinhardt, 2005), and symptoms of Charles Bonnet Syndrome (CBS). Using multiple regression and logistic regression, the most significant predictors of high AVL scores were found to be good interpersonal communication and a relative living close by, while predictors of CBS were self-reported health issues, especially diabetes, and fewer trips into the community. Very few respondents reported receiving any information on CBS from eye care providers. This suggests that doctors should consider discussing CBS with patients, and that both social workers and doctors need a better understanding of CBS, as symptoms could easily be mistaken for mental illness, causing inappropriate referrals.

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Trivedi, Sonali. "The Relationship of Location and Educational Achievements to Vision Impairment in Asians." ScholarWorks, 2018. https://scholarworks.waldenu.edu/dissertations/5804.

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Introduction: Increasing incidence of vision impairment in the United States reinforces the urgent need for research and public health awareness. Eye diseases are of common concern in Asian and other ethnic groups globally. Glaucoma, cataracts, macular degeneration, myopia, and retinitis are types of eye diseases and common causes of vision impairment in Asians. This study addressed the current gap in knowledge regarding vision impairment prevalence among Asian-Americans by geographical location and level of education. Socio-ecological theory was used as the theoretical foundation. Method: A cross-sectional secondary dataset from U.S. Census Bureau included 3,916,947 participants' survey responses from 2011 through 2015 which was analyzed using a logistic regression model. The model addressed the relationships between variables such as education level, geographic location, and vision impairment. Results: The results in this study exhibited that educational level and geographic location were statistically significant, p < 0.001 and p = 0.004 respectively and they were determined as predictors of vision impairment among Asian-Americans. The statistical significance p < 0.001 for age and gender as confounders in the results exhibited that the variations in these confounders were responsible for vision impairment prevalence. Conclusion: The findings from this study have positive implications for social change among Asian-American communities. This can serve as a basis for exploring the relationships between vision impairment and other social or environmental factors which have not yet been assessed.

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Lane, Cherylee Mary. "Predictors of successful inclusion for children with vision impairment in early education." Thesis, Curtin University, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11937/1610.

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The international movement to include children with disabilities in education has resulted in significant legislative and policy change. However some have argued that this has not translated into actual practice and that inclusion (as opposed to integration) is not the usual practice in Australia. There are fears that inclusion, if implemented poorly, will be detrimental to the wellbeing of students with disabilities. Similar concerns exist for students with vision impairment. The quality of their inclusive experiences varies dramatically from school to school, with an isolated few children reaping the expected benefits of inclusion. The variation in these experiences has not yet been explained.The purpose of this research was to determine which, if any, factors predict successful inclusion for children with vision impairment in regular early education in Australia. The research occurred in two phases: (1) a formative, qualitative phase; and (2) a quantitative, longitudinal phase.The aim of Phase 1 was to select factors that stakeholders perceived were important in influencing the inclusive early education of children with vision impairment in Australia. Nominal Group Technique elicited the perception of five stakeholder groups (allied health professionals, visiting teachers, classroom teachers, parents of, and students with vision impairment) (N = 25). The ranked items generated by each stakeholder group were combined using content analysis. These were then ranked overall. The top-ten ranked ‘stakeholder factors’ formed the independent variables for the second phase of the study.Phase 2 had three aims relating to regular early education in Australia: (1) to describe the situation that children with vision impairment are exposed to (i.e. the stakeholder factors identified in Phase 1); (2) to compare the inclusive outcomes (participation, engagement, child interaction, academic and overall) of children with and without vision impairment; and (3) to determine the influence of the stakeholder factors on the inclusive outcomes of children with vision impairment. A prospective, longitudinal cohort design was used; conducted over two years. Twenty children with vision impairment and 37 sighted classmates (mean age 65 months) who attended regular kindergarten to grade one classes in Australia participated.Three aspects were commonly found to be poor in the regular class situations: access to vision aides and equipment, support for staff, and teacher training and experience; however the individualisation and physical environment were adequate. Nonparametric analysis demonstrated that both education staff and parents were more involved with children with vision impairment compared to classmates. The children’s social skills differed only at the end of the second year.Children with vision impairment had significantly poorer inclusive outcomes than classmates. Mann-Whitney U Tests found that children with vision impairment participated significantly less in class activities, were less engaged in tasks and experienced poorer social interaction than classmates at each point during the two years. At the end of the second year, children with vision impairment had significantly poorer academic performance.A three-step process selected the stakeholder factors that had a significant individual influence on the inclusion of children with vision impairment, relative to their classmates. Receiver Operating Characteristic curve analysis then demonstrated that Indices of these combined stakeholder factors predicted successful inclusive outcomes of children with vision impairment up to two years later. Presence of a combination of at least six factors, categorised as Environmental (teacher attitude, teacher training and experience, adult involvement, vision aides and equipment and physical environment); Personal (early intervention); and/or Activity Performance (social skills) significantly improved the likelihood of success.This study demonstrated that a high proportion of children with vision impairment in Australia are exposed to less than adequate situations in early education, and, as such, experience poor quality inclusion. Given the long term effects of early experiences, it is imperative that children have positive early education experiences. This research provided new knowledge of the factors that can improve regular early educational outcomes for students with vision impairment. This can further guide the decisions of policy makers, educators, health professionals and parents concerned with improving the life of children with vision impairment.

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Vale, Anna. "The Effects of Binocular Vision Impairment on Adaptive Gait. The effects of binocular vision impairment due to monocular refractive blur on adaptive gait involving negotiation of a raised surface." Thesis, University of Bradford, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10454/4931.

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Impairment of stereoacuity is common in the elderly population and is found to be a risk factor for falls. The purpose of these experiments was to extend knowledge regarding impairment of binocular vision and adaptive gait. Firstly using a 3D motion analysis system to measure how impairment of stereopsis affected adaptive gait during a negotiation of a step, secondly by determining which clinical stereotest was the most reliable for measuring stereoacuity in elderly subjects and finally investigating how manipulating the perceived height of a step in both binocular and monocular conditions affected negotiation of a step. In conditions of impaired stereopsis induced by acutely presented monocular blur, both young and elderly subjects adopted a safety strategy of increasing toe clearance of the step edge, even at low levels of monocular blur (+0.50DS) and the effect was greater when the dominant eye was blurred. The same adaptation was not found for individuals with chronic monocular blur, where vertical toe clearance did not change but variability of toe clearance increased compared to full binocular correction. Findings indicate stereopsis is important for accurately judging the height of a step, and offers support to epidemiological findings that impaired stereoacuity is a risk for falls. Poor agreement was found between clinical stereotests. The Frisby test was found to have the best repeatability. Finally, a visual illusion that caused a step to be perceived as taller led to increased toe elevation. This demonstrates a potential way of increasing toe clearance when stepping up and hence increase safety on stairs.

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Cherian, Leela. "Parental control styles and creative problem-solving abilities in children with vision impairment." Thesis, Queensland University of Technology, 1998. https://eprints.qut.edu.au/36577/1/36577_Digitised%20Thesis.pdf.

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Vision is an extremely important sense mode for learning. A great deal of learning takes place through the use of the visual modality. Therefore, children with vision impairment miss many valuable opportunities for learning and development. The research reported in this thesis is an exploration of parental styles of control and teaching styles and children's creative problem-solving abilities in Australia and Gujarat (India). The children in the study were children with sight and vision impairment (Australia) and children with vision impairment across two cultures (Australia and Gujarat) in the age group of 7 to 12 years. The aims of the two studies were to investigate the relationship of parental styles of control and teaching styles to children's performance on creative problem-solving tasks and to examine similarities and differences in the parenting styles of control and teaching styles of parents in Australia and Gujarat. This study provided findings from research undertaken in Brisbane (Australia) and in Gujarat (India). The Australian study provided a comparison of outcomes on creative problem-solving tasks by 11 sighted children and 17 children with varying degrees of vision impairment. The inclusion of 13 children with vision impairment from Gujarat (India), provided further comparison and consideration of cultural aspects of parental control and teaching style. The creative problem-solving tasks covered problems that involved concrete materials and problems that involved verbal information. These tasks were further subdivided into open-ended and goal-directed problems. In the open-ended problem, the children were required to generate as many responses as possible to the problem, whereas in the goal-directed problem, children were required to generate one or more creative solutions to the problem. Qualitative data were obtained and analysed from the parents of the children in each of the three groups through the use of questionnaire and semi-structured interview. The questionnaire provided reported information about parental styles of control and teaching style. Interviews with the parents provided information about their child's development and about their parental styles of control and teaching styles. Results from these studies indicated that sighted children managed the creative problem-solving tasks more easily and successfully than a matched sample of Australian children with vision impairment. The comparison of outcomes between the Australian and Gujarati children with vision impairment showed different levels of performance in favour of the Australian children. Children who scored high on their creative problem-solving tasks enjoyed the effects of early interaction with their parents, and of exploring the environment in order to understand their world. Reported information from interviews and questionnaires indicated that children of parents with permissive styles of parenting tended to be more successful in generating creative solutions to the tasks. Consideration of cultural and environmental features indicated that the children of the Gujarati sample had fewer resources available to them. The findings generally supported the need for parents of children with vision impairment to be active in assisting their children to become independent. The study also reports a number of methodological issues to be considered when undertaking this kind of research with subjects in widely varying cultures and environments.

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Chew, Yee Chieh. "Assessing the use of auditory graphs for middle school mathematics." Diss., Georgia Institute of Technology, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/53083.

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This dissertation addresses issues related to teaching and learning middle-school mathematical graphing concepts and provides an in-depth analysis on the impact of introducing a new assistive technology in a visually impaired classroom. The motivation, design, implementation, and deployment of the Graph and Number line Input and Exploration (GNIE) software, an auditory graphing tool that enables students with visual impairment to navigate and interact with a coordinate plane or number line graph is presented. Results include a discussion about how a computer-based auditory graphing software can be a beneficial supplement to aiding teachers and students with vision impairment with middle-school based graphing principles. This work also demonstrates that auditory graphing software support collaboration between students of different levels of vision loss and that bone-conduction headphones can be used with software to perform concurrent think aloud protocols without degradation of qualitative data.

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Frost, Neil Andrew. "Estimation of the population requirement for cataract surgery." Thesis, University of Bristol, 2000. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.343356.

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Maharjan, Renusha. "Prevalence and Correlates of Vision Impairment Among Middle-Ages and Older Adults in Rural Nepal." Miami University / OhioLINK, 2020. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=miami1596070233182204.

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Ng, Siu-chun Danny, and 吳兆駿. "The prevalence of refractive error and visual impairment caused by uncorrected refractive error in China." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2010. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B4804331X.

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Purpose: WHO reports 46% of world vision impairment from refractive error (RE) among children occurs in China. We estimated RE prevalence and associated vision impairment (VI) among Chinese children and adults. Methods: Data from population-based studies were stratified by gender in age intervals of 3 years (ages 3-17 y) or 10 years (ages >= 30 y): counts of persons with myopia (worse eye spherical equivalent <= -1.0D, <= -2.0D, <= -6.0D) and prevalence of low vision (< 6/12 in the better-seeing eye for children and < 6/18 for adults) and blindness (<=6/60) attributable to RE. Figures for VI included persons with habitual vision below the cutoff improving to above the cutoff with refraction, and those with myopic retinopathy. Estimates for ages 18-29 y were obtained from regression models derived from the pooled estimates. Prevalence of myopia and VI attributable to RE in each age/gender category was calculated by applying modeled rates to 2000 China census figures and projections for 2020. Association with VI attributable to RE was tested for: gender, urban versus rural residence, and residence in provinces with per capita GDP in the upper versus lower 50% for China. Results: Data were obtained from 5 cohorts for children and 14 for adults. There were 291 million and 21.4 million persons with myopia <= -1.0D and <= -6.0D respectively in 2000, expected to rise to 306 million and 36.9 million by 2020. Of these, 18.4 million were blind and 116 million had low vision in 2000, with figures of 25.3 million and 123 million in 2020. Children accounted for the following proportion of RE disease burden in China in 2000: myopia <= -1.0D: 19.0%; RE-associated low vision: 56.1%; blindness: 14.1%. Refractive error was responsible for 82.3% of blindness and 90.5% of low vision among children, and 11.6% and 64.4% of blindness and low vision among adults. Urban residence (OR 1.85, P = 0.004) and higher GDP (OR 10.6, P < 0.001) were associated with refractive blindness among children. For adults, lower GDP was associated with refractive blindness (OR 1.47, P = 0.01). Gender was un-associated with refractive blindness among children or adults. Conclusions: Both children and adults suffer a heavy burden of VI associated with RE in China. Income may affect risk for such VI differently among children and adults.
published_or_final_version
Public Health
Master
Master of Public Health

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Hernandez, Trillo Ana. "The impact of psychosocial factors on adaptation & quality of life with visual impairment." Thesis, University of Manchester, 2011. https://www.research.manchester.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/the-impact-of-psychosocial-factors-on-adaptation--quality-of-life-with-visual-impairment(94e1c1b8-826d-4285-a124-5c6fd068de02).html.

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Quality of life (QoL) questionnaires have been suggested as the most appropriate way to measure the effectiveness of low vision rehabilitation. However, several research studies have not been able to detect differences in effectiveness between rehabilitation strategies. The hypothesis of this study is that there are other factors, unrelated to vision, influencing the scores obtained in these questionnaires and masking the changes achieved by rehabilitation. The suggestion is that patients' realistic acceptance of, and successful adaptation to, their visual loss is influenced by psychosocial factors such as; personality, religious beliefs, social support, general health (i.e. mental and physical), understanding of their eye condition, level of education, and financial status. Concurrently, a parallel study was conducted with children. As with the adult arm, the aim of the study was to understand whether quality of life, and social behaviour and relationships in children with a visual impairment were related to the vision loss, vision rehabilitation, or non-visual factors. Patients attending the Manchester Royal Eye Hospital low vision clinic between May 2009 and August 2010, were recruited: 448 patients between 18 and 96 years old, with best-corrected binocular visual acuity smaller or equal to6/18, and 62 children between 5 and 16 years old. Telephone delivery of previously validated questionnaires was used with adult patients and parents of child patients; face-to-face interviews were completed by children. Both studies showed how psychosocial factors were stronger determinants of quality of life in people with low vision, than traditional low vision rehabilitation using optical aids. In the case of adults, physical and mental health appeared to be major predictors of quality of life, adaptation to the vision loss and participation restriction. In the case of children, visual acuity at distance and near, contrast sensitivity (CS), age, and parents' coping strategies appeared to determine quality of life and children behaviours. The final element of this work was a pilot study to attempt to address issues causing poor quality of life. Seventy-one participants who scored low in the Low Vision Quality of Life Questionnaire (LVQOL-25) (i.e. below 62.5) were given the opportunity to enrol for the Expert Patient Programme, which is a self-management programme aimed at adults with chronic health problems or disabilities. Only 2 participants expressed an interest in the programme, and none of them actually took part.

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Anderson, Krista K. "A multidimensional analysis of body image among women with and without a visual impairment /." free to MU campus, to others for purchase, 1997. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/mo/fullcit?p9841129.

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Petty, Nicola Mary Ward. "Using student perceptions to evaluate the effectiveness of education for high school students with vision impairment." Thesis, University of Canterbury. Management, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/10092/859.

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This research introduces, develops and applies the concept of using student perceptions to measure opportunity-to-learn, in order to evaluate regular and special educational provision. A qualitative investigation into services for the education of learners with vision impairment identified the common aim of giving students equal access to the curriculum as their sighted peers. It also elicited potential determinants of need that affect caseload allocation decisions. Opportunity-to-learn was identified as a concept in the research literature, which has evolved from a measure of content coverage into a potential indicator of school effectiveness, measured almost exclusively from the teachers' perception. This research drew on the growing body of research that asks the students, to shift the focus from the teacher to the students themselves. An instrument was developed, based on the Essential Skills of the New Zealand curriculum, that measures opportunity-to-learn from the perspective of the students. This was used to collect baseline data on 1300 students, with no identified special needs, from twenty secondary schools throughout New Zealand. Analysis of the baseline data demonstrated the validity of the approach, and its potential to aid in research on the educational process, using this set of intermediate indicators. Results showed differences between schools and between girls and boys. The mean index scores for the schools were not strongly related to the socio-economic background of the schools, but did reflect independent measures of school quality. The instrument was then used to measure opportunity-to-learn for fifty learners with vision impairment in regular high schools. Comprehensive data on these learners was gathered from regular and specialist teachers, parents, schools and the individuals themselves. This data was analysed to evaluate the services and the opportunity-to-learn for the learners with vision impairment. Results showed that on average these students had opportunity-to-learn at least as good as for their sighted peers. Areas of weakness and strength within the service were identified. The instrument proved effective in the evaluation process.

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Dev, Mahesh Kumar. "Low luminance vision and function in older adults with visual impairment from age-related macular degeneration." Thesis, Queensland University of Technology, 2021. https://eprints.qut.edu.au/210857/1/Mahesh_Dev_Thesis.pdf.

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Low light levels are encountered during everyday activities yet decrease the available visual information for balance and navigation and increase falls risk. This is relevant for those with age-related macular degeneration (AMD), the leading cause of irreversible visual impairment in older adults. This research measured exposure to low light levels and associated physical activity; effects of low light levels on postural stability and stepping performance in older adults with and without AMD. Findings suggest that older adults with AMD have similar magnitudes of exposure and activity levels under low light conditions, and these conditions reduce postural stability and stepping performance.

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Beteinaki, Eleftheria. "Social Interactions and Friendships of adolescents with vision impairments : A scoping review." Thesis, Högskolan för lärande och kommunikation, Högskolan i Jönköping, HLK, CHILD, 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hj:diva-43868.

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Background: Social exclusion of people with vision impairments is an ongoing issue. Since social inclusion emphasizes social and emotional aspects as distinct from academic ones and the aspects concerning opportunities, the focus is turned on the domain of social interactions and friendships. Adolescence is the time point when youth feels mostly the need to ‘fit in’ in social circles and groups and the social life and friendships are important aspects of young people’s well-being and development. Aim: The aim of this study is to review the existing literature on the social interactions and friendships of adolescents with visual impairments from their own perspective and investigate the interventions designed to improve their social interactions and friendships. Method: A literature search on the databases of ERIC, CINAHL and PsycINFO and a hand search on the reference lists of the relevant articles was conducted. The search was limited to recent peer reviewed studies published in English, reporting perspectives of adolescents (13-18 years old) with visual impairments on their social interactions and friendships and intervention studies aimed to support them in the aforementioned domain. Results: In the 18 included studies, adolescents with vision impairments engaged more in passive activities that were not highly interactive. They reported being satisfied with their networks and friends, however contradictions existed in the perceived quality of friendships and the feeling of loneliness. The context of school was presented often as problematic compared to other contexts, and friendships in schools were rare. According to adolescents’ voices, friendships helped to cope with the impairment, friends had a meaningful role in their life and they made school life more enjoyable. In comparison to their sighted peers, adolescents with vision impairments had smaller networks and less friends with whom they had different type of relationships. Lastly even though several barriers and facilitators were identified, which belong to domains of Body functions and structures and Physical, Attitudinal and Social environment, there was a lack of interventions aiming to support the social interactions and friendships of adolescents with vision impairments. Conclusions: Considering the importance of social interactions and friendships in adolescents’ life for them to learn, develop and enjoy, more interventions with social focus need to be designed in respect to the challenges that exist. A plethora of barriers and facilitators impacting the social interactions and friendships of adolescents with vision impairments were identified that need to be taken into consideration for future research and interventions since the existing literature provided so far is limited. Adolescents need to be engaged in this process so that their interests, preferences and their views are prioritized.

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Eriksson, Jeanette Källstrand. "Being on the trail of ageing : functional visual ability and risk of falling in an increasingly ageing population." Doctoral thesis, Örebro universitet, Institutionen för hälsovetenskap och medicin, 2014. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:oru:diva-33837.

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The elderly population is estimated to increase worldwide. One of the major health determinants identified in this population are injuries where one of the most prevalent causes are falls. The overall aim of this thesis was to describe and explore visual impairment and falls of inpatients and independently living elderly in the community and how daily life activities were influenced by visual ability and risk of falling. Methods in the studies were a quantitative retrospective descriptive design for study I followed by two quantitative retrospective and explorative studies where in study II perceived vision related quality of life and in study III performance-based visual ability were investigated. Study IV was a qualitative explorative study using classic grounded theory. In study I all falls of inpatients at a medical clinic 65 years and older (n=68) were registered during one year. In study II and III a random sample (n=212) of independently living elderly between 70 and 85 years of age participated in both studies. In study IV seven women and six men between 73 and 85 years of age from the two previous studies and six visual instructors (n=19) participated. The data in study I was collected during 2004, study II and III between February 2009 to March 2010 and study IV December 2009 to January 2013. The results in study I showed that most falls in five hospital wards occurred at night and those most affected had an established visual impairment. Almost half the population in study II and III fell at least once. Perceived vision when performing daily life activities showed a positive association between visual impairment and falls in men but not in women (II). No associations were found between performance-based measured visual ability and falls (III). Visually impaired elderly did not consider risk of falling as a problem (􀀪􀀷). Their main concern is to remain themselves as who they used to be which is managed by self- preservation while maintaining their residual selves and resisting self decay. Maintaining residual self is done by living in the past mostly driven by inertia while resisting self decay is a proactive and purposeful driven strategy. It is a complex issue to do fall risk assessments and planning fall preventive action where the individual’s entire life situation has to be taken into consideration.

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Vivekananda-Schmidt, Pirashanthie. "Differential effects of simulated visual impairment on locomotion and eye-movements in the built environment." Thesis, University of Ulster, 2001. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.369950.

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Robertson, Alexandra O. "Measuring the impact of visual impairment during childhood and adolescence : development of vision-specific patient-reported outcome measures for children and young people living with visual impairment." Thesis, University College London (University of London), 2018. http://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/10045288/.

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Patient-reported outcome measures (PROMs) are increasingly becoming the gold standard for reporting on the quality of healthcare and are used to capture information about the subjective impact of disability or impairment. In the UK, it is estimated that 2 per 1000 children are visually impaired. Despite this, there is a dearth of psychometrically robust and age-appropriate PROMs designed for children and young people. To address this, a pre-established theoretical and methodological framework was applied to explore the day-to-day impact of visual impairment during childhood and adolescence and, in doing so, develop a suite of age-appropriate, vision-specific PROMs. Specifically, this thesis documents the development of PROMs designed for young people aged older than 15 years. The parallel work comprising final psychometric evaluation of PROMs designed for children aged younger than 10 years is also reported demonstrating calibration of the instruments to allow for their use longitudinally in paediatric ophthalmology contexts. One hundred and twenty-nine young people (aged 13-19 years) living with visual impairment took part in four phases of instrument development, comprising semi-structured interviews, cognitive interviews, and national postal surveys. A further 86 children (aged 7-13 years) took part in the final phase of psychometric validation for the child-instrument versions. Qualitative analysis revealed fluctuation in the self-reported impact of visual impairment during childhood and adolescence, and results have implications for developing and administering interventions to promote self-reported outcomes. The final suite of age-appropriate instruments is grounded in the perspectives of children and young people living with visual impairment and psychometrically robust for use independently, and simultaneously, within clinical practice. Follow-up studies are needed to generate the evidence required to understand children’s, young peoples’, parents’ and clinicians’ attitudes towards using the PROMs, as well as the feasibility of implementing the developed instruments within ophthalmology contexts, and with attention to novel, vision-specific approaches.

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Okashah, Areej. "The prescribing and use of pocket and portable electronic low vision aids for patients with visual impairment." Thesis, Cardiff University, 2015. http://orca.cf.ac.uk/88031/.

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Pocket and portable electronic low vision aids (PELVAs) are relatively new devices designed to enhance vision of people with visual impairment. Therefore, the aim of this thesis was to evaluate their use and prescribing patterns for PELVAs for patients with visual impairment and to inform clinicians of the functions or attributes that are most important when considering their prescription. Firstly, the parameters (including magnification screen size, luminance contrast, and resolution) of PELVAs were assessed. Magnification and screen size were also compared with the manufacturers’ data. Secondly, data (age, gender, ocular condition, visual acuity, living situation, registration of visual impairment, type of low vision aid prescribed) from 6,668 patients who attended the Low Vision Service for Wales were analyzed to assess the clinicians’ prescribing patterns for PELVAs. Thirdly, reading frequency and duration, and self-reported effectiveness of PELVAs and optical low vision aids for patients with visual impairment were evaluated by using a telephone interview based upon the Manchester Low Vision Questionnaire. Finally, reading speed was measured for normally sighted subjects with simulated visual impairment who used a PELVA and an optical low vision aid. The factors that could predict reading speed were investigated. PELVAs enhanced the luminance contrast of high and low contrast letters which may be beneficial for patients with contrast reduction, for example due to cataracts. Variations were found between reported and measured magnification of the PELVA. Only 10% of adult patients were prescribed a PELVA, and younger males were more likely to use them. A larger proportion of children (36.5%) were prescribed a PELVA. Patients who used PELVAs rated them highly for near vision tasks and were more likely to use PELVAs for reading once a day but for a long duration, whereas optical low vision aids were used more frequently and for a shorter duration. It was found that the reading speed was significantly improved using PELVA and optical low vision for subjects with simulated visual impairment; Bailey-Lovie near visual acuity, high and low contrast Colenbarnder near visual acuity, and number of visible characters were significant predictors of reading speed.

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Richer, Carolyn Joan. "A preliminary investigation into the effect of vision impairment and gender on the experience of body image." Thesis, Queensland University of Technology, 2004.

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Lee, Sze Yee. "Eye movements and driving-related performance of older adults with visual impairment." Thesis, Queensland University of Technology, 2017. https://eprints.qut.edu.au/105510/1/Sze%20Yee_Lee_Thesis.pdf.

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Little is known about the impact of visual impairment on the road scanning behaviour of older drivers. This study examined the eye movement patterns of older drivers with simulated blur, as well as true glaucomatous visual impairment, while performing driving-related tasks, to assist in better understanding the mechanisms underlying the elevated crash rates of visually impaired older drivers. Visual impairment from either simulated blur or glaucoma resulted in reduced laboratory-based hazard detection and closed-road driving performance, with associated alterations in eye movements. Among those with glaucoma, some of these alterations were potentially compensatory, which may facilitate improved driving-related performance.

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Darwesh, Nizam Muhammad. "Low vision and diabetes in older people living in residential care homes." Thesis, University of Bedfordshire, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10547/622491.

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Background: Worldwide one in twelve people are living with diabetes and one in two people do not know they have diabetes. Currently large numbers of the older people live in residential care homes in the UK, and up to one in four older people living in residential care homes present with diabetes. Low vision is one of the complications associated with diabetes in older people. In those aged 75 and over, one in five, and in those aged over 90, one in two people are affected by low vision and they are at an increased risk of developing other eye diseases. Within 20 years of diagnosis nearly all people with Type 1 and almost two thirds of people with Type 2 diabetes (60%) have some degree of diabetic retinopathy. Aims and Objectives: This study aimed to investigate the issues and problems faced by older people living in residential care homes with low vision and diabetes; to evaluate health professionals’ knowledge and understanding of the impact of low vision associated with diabetes in older people living in residential care homes; and to develop an educational toolkit which aimed to educate health care assistants about low vision and diabetes. Methods: This study is an exploratory investigation of older people living in residential care homes with low vision and diabetes. Adopting an open-ended qualitative approach using focus groups, interviews and a health professional’s survey, 116 participants were involved. These included GPs, ophthalmologists, nurses, optometrists, health care assistants and older people with low vision and diabetes. The data was analysed thematically. The educational toolkit was developed in the second part of this study, and 20 healthcare assistants were trained using this toolkit. Their knowledge was tested before the training, immediately after the training and one month after the initial training. Following Kirkpatrick’s model, the skills and practical use of the educational toolkit was assessed using an open-ended qualitative approach. Results: The results found that many older people and the health care assistants had the perception that low vision was a normal ageing process and could not be rectified. The study found that there was evidence to suggest that eye health was not considered to be a priority; instead, it was considered to be a natural part of the ageing process. The results found that 82% of the HCAs had not had any training in the area, and more than half of the nurses and GPs did not have sufficient knowledge of low vision and diabetes. After training, however, their knowledge was increased. This suggested that low vision and diabetes toolkit training could be used to educate healthcare assistants on a regular basis. The study also found that knowledge does decline over time, and therefore regular training for HCAs is required in order to maintain eye health and diabetes in older people, as well as improving their quality of life. Conclusion: In the research findings it was found that 50% to 70% of low vision was preventable or treatable if detected in its early stages and could be avoided by simply wearing appropriate spectacles, or possible surgery. However, in order to identify these 50% to 70% with low vision, everyone concerned should be able to recognise the signs and symptoms of preventable low vision, particularly health care assistants, as according to this study, health care assistants spent large amount of time in the residential care homes compared to the other health professionals.

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Armstrong, Deborah. "The Role of vision and refractive correction changes in dizziness." Thesis, University of Bradford, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/10454/16956.

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Dizziness is a common, multifactorial problem that causes reductions in quality of life and is a major risk factor for falls, but the role of vision is a very under-researched area. This study aimed to investigate any link between dizziness and vision and to establish if changes in spectacle lens correction could elicit dizziness symptoms. A link between dizziness and self-reported poor vision was indicated in the epidemiological literature as shown by a systematic review, provided lightheadedness was not included in the definition of dizziness. Cases of individuals who reported vision-related dizziness were investigated to determine potential areas of research for this thesis and subsequently two studies investigated the effects of refractive correction changes on dizziness status. The first study was limited by logistical problems, although it highlighted limitations in the short form of the Dizziness Handicap Inventory that was used to quantify dizziness. Results of an optometry practice recheck study found that oblique cylindrical changes were significantly more likely to be associated with dizziness symptoms than other spectacle lens changes. It also highlighted that optometrists do not ask/record about dizziness symptoms with only 4% of records including “dizziness” as a problem when 38% of patients reported dizziness symptoms when directly asked. All studies highlighted a need for a patient-reported outcome measure to be designed to assess vision-related dizziness. Literature review, interviews with experts and patients and focus groups led to the development of a pilot questionnaire and subsequently a 25-item Vision-Related Dizziness instrument, the VRD-25. This was validated using responses from 223 respondents, with 79 participants completing the questionnaire a second time to provide test-retest data. Two subscales of VRD-12-frequency (VRD-12f) and VRD-13-severity (VRD-13s) were shown to be unidimensional and had good psychometric properties, convergent validity and test-retest repeatability. The VRD-25 is the only patient-reported outcome measure developed to date to assess vision related dizziness and will hopefully provide the platform to further grow this under-researched area that seems likely to provide important clinical information.
College of Optometrists sponsored the research with a Postgraduate Research Scholarship

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Chiang, Peggy Pei-Chia. "The global mapping of low vision services." Connect to thesis, 2009. http://repository.unimelb.edu.au/10187/7119.

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Low vision impacts on Quality of Life (QoL). Thus, low vision services are essential to enhance the QoL of people with functional low vision. However, of the estimated 70 out of the 124 million people with low vision who require services, approximately 5-10% has access to services. The demands for low vision services will continue to grow due to the emerging global trends in ageing populations and changes in the epidemiology of vision impairment. While critical data and information are available for other forms of vision impairment, there is a paucity of information on the distribution, needs, and priorities for improving low vision service delivery at the national, regional, and global levels.
This thesis addressed the problem by first developing and distributing a survey to Vision 2020 contacts, government, and non government organisations in 195 countries during 2006-2008 to assess the current situation of low vision services globally. The survey was first pilot tested leading to improvements in the length, layout, and content of its form. Specifically, the survey topics included: epidemiology, policies, human resources, service provision, barriers, equipment, and monitoring and evaluation.
The Classification Analysis and Regression Tree (CART), logistic regression methodology and grounded theory analysis were used to present the findings and identify the critical success factors of low vision service coverage. The qualitative component consisted of case studies in three countries (India, Ghana, and Cameroon) during November 2007 and 2008. A total of 101 interviews were carried out. The case studies provided an overview and historical perspective of services, effectiveness, cost, efficiency, acceptability, access, equity, sustainability, and ideal situations as recommended by interviewees. Qualitative findings from the case studies were produced with the assistance of the NVivo software.
The primary results are that the majority (80%) of countries have poor (≤10%) coverage. Key issues pertinent to the current situation of service coverage are: human resources (number and combination of disciplines), funding (sustainability and arrangements), type of services provided (comprehensive and multidisciplinary) and its locations (NGOs or government facilities), and the sociodemographic and economic barriers (costs, awareness, and rural areas) to accessing services.
The critical success factors found in this research are represented by the ‘FRAME’: Funding (sustainable source, public and private mix), Rehabilitation workers (e.g., adequate numbers of multidisciplinary personnel), Access to low vision devices, Multidisciplinary services; and External contextual influences in which low vision services operate in. The case studies identified seven major themes that further build on the FRAME: sustainability, governance, advocacy, human resources, access, awareness, and service delivery.
The conclusion of the thesis is that a global picture of the current situation of low vision services was acquired and it is now known which countries have poor (≤10%) and better (>10%) coverage. It also found the critical success factors that will assist the WHO Low Vision Working Group and Vision 2020 to improve the current models of service delivery, future planning, training curriculum development, and priorities setting. Specifically, these need to be achieved through three areas of action: human resources development, sustainability, and advocacy.

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Fast, Danene K. "Bus Drivers, Customers, & Canes:Exploring Accessibility to Public Transportation for Travelers with Vision Loss." The Ohio State University, 2018. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1529780547432842.

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Sansing, William K. Jr. "A quantitative study of the relationships between activity limitation and participation restriction among older people with vision impairment and comorbid conditions." Thesis, Mississippi State University, 2015. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=3700055.

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The purpose of the study was to investigate the prevalence and effects of vision impairment co-existing with other comorbid conditions. Utilizing the 2008 National Health Interview Survey, the most recent nationally representative data including expanded vision, health conditions, and activity questions, this study examined the effect of vision impairment co-existing with selected comorbid conditions among non-institutionalized older adults age ≥ 55 years. Specifically, this study compared 4 groups: (a) older adults with neither vison impairment nor comorbid conditions, (b) older adults with vision impairment only, (c) older adults with comorbid conditions only, and (d) older adults with both vision impairment and each of the comorbid conditions to examine the prevalence and effect of vision impairment and comorbid conditions on selected mobility and vision activity limitations, and participation restrictions. Using complex sample techniques to conduct frequency analyses and logistic regression procedures, this study compared these groups of older adults to document the likelihood of experiencing mobility and vision activity limitations, and participatory restrictions.

These results suggest that older adults reporting vision impairments are a heterogeneous population, overwhelmingly use corrective lenses, and experience substantial mobility and vision activity limitations, and participatory restrictions; however, relatively few report using low vision aids or rehabilitation services. In addition, these results revealed, even when controlling for age, sex, race/ethnicity, marital status, region of residence, and health status, older adults with vision impairment and any of the selected comorbid conditions were statistically significantly more likely to report mobility and vision activity limitations, and participation restrictions. Moreover, when comparing older adults reporting vision impairment co-existing with comorbid conditions older adults reporting either vision impairment only or a comorbid condition only, the results suggest vision impairment had the largest statistically significant effect on the likelihood of mobility or vision activity limitations, or participatory restriction in 29 of the 44 logistic regression analyses. These findings are significant as vision impairment is framed as a public health concern, and can inform improvements in programs and services for older adults. Finally, these findings highlight the need for expanded research examining the effect of specific eye diseases and comorbid conditions among older adults.

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Stocks, Nigel. "Trachoma and visual impairment in the Anangu Pitjantjatjara of South Australia /." Title page, contents and abstract only, 1992. http://web4.library.adelaide.edu.au/theses/09MD/09mds865.pdf.

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Mathias, Amber R. "The Effect of Bioptic Telescopic Spectacles Use on Sign Identification, Velocity, and Lane Deviation in a Driving Simulator with Central Vision Impairment." The Ohio State University, 2018. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu152303259493087.

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Woolf, Mark Ivan. "The effect of age and visual impairment on traffic sign detection." Thesis, Queensland University of Technology, 2002. https://eprints.qut.edu.au/36783/1/36783_Digitised%20Thesis.pdf.

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Older drivers have a high traffic crash rate. One factor that has consistently been reported as contributing to this problem is that of drivers failing to see and obey traffic signs in time. Researchers have attempted to determine the characteristics of traffic sign design that might improve their visibility and legibility, particularly for older drivers. However, much of this research has been laboratory-based or has employed simplistic on-road measurement techniques, which may not take into account the complexity of the normal driving environment. In response, the current study aimed to develop and apply a technique for the measurement of traffic sign recognition and legibility distances in an open road environment for participants of different ages and ocular status. Three studies were conducted as part of this project. Study 1 was undertaken in order to develop a simple and inexpensive technique for the measurement of on-road traffic sign legibility distances. The system was shown to have better than 90 percent accuracy for legibility distances up to 175m, and measurements between experimenters were consistent. The system was also easy to use and economical. This measurement system was utilised in all subsequent studies. Study 2 was designed to investigate differences in the traffic sign legibility distances of participants acting as drivers and passengers on a closed road circuit. This study was undertaken as participants were required to act as passengers and not drivers in open road experiments due to safety issues. Eighteen participants were divided into a young, middle-aged and older group. Sign legibility distances were determined for driver and passenger runs. The results indicated that there were no significant differences in the traffic sign legibility distances of participants acting as drivers or passengers. The results supported the use of participants as passengers in Study 3. Study 3 was undertaken on the open road to investigate the effect of age and ocular status on traffic sign detection under day and night-time conditions. Thirty-nine participants were divided into five groups: young, middle-aged and older groups with normal vision and two older groups with ocular disease (cataracts and age-related macular degeneration (ARMD)). Each participant undertook a series of vision assessments. On-road traffic sign recognition and legibility distances were also determined under high and low illumination conditions. Results showed that recognition and legibility distances were greater under high compared to low illumination. Although age was not significantly related to the traffic sign measures, there was a trend showing poorer performance with increasing age. The presence of ocular disease, however, did result in significantly reduced recognition and legibility distance performance, particularly for individuals with ARMD. Guide signs had the highest recognition and longest legibility distances of all sign categories while street signs showed the poorest recognition. The obtained traffic sign legibility distances were less than the predicted sign design distances used by road authorities for all of the participant groups except the young visually normal group. The greatest differences between the obtained and design distances were found among participants with ocular disease, especially those with ARMD. Of the vision measures investigated, high and low contrast static acuity, static visual fields and contrast sensitivity were the most highly correlated with sign detection. These four vision tests increased the prediction of sign recognition and legibility distances when compared to high contrast static visual acuity alone. This research has shown that the on-road measurement of traffic sign recognition and legibility distances can be successfully achieved through a simple measurement technique. Low illumination and the presence of ocular disease appear to be influential in traffic sign recognition and legibility distances. The project has highlighted that the traffic sign designs currently used on the road system do not take into account the range of visual abilities possessed by all drivers. Such information provides a basis for further research into the improvement of traffic sign design in order to provide a safer road environment for all segments of the driving population.

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Bussler, Rebecka, Ida Gotthardsson, and Åsa Rydiander. "Du får inte köra! : Ögonsjuksköterskans erfarenheter av att informera patienten om att synkraven för körkort inte uppnås." Thesis, Högskolan i Halmstad, Akademin för hälsa och välfärd, 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hh:diva-36959.

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Det ingår i ögonsjuksköterskans arbetsuppgifter att mäta synfunktioner och att informera om undersökningsresultat. Det kan kännas svårt att lämna information om att patientens syn inte uppfyller gällande synkrav för körkort, då informationen kan påverka patientens livskvalité negativt. Syftet med studien var att undersöka ögonsjuksköterskans erfarenheter av att informera patienten om att synkraven för körkort inte uppnås. En intervjustudie genomfördes där nio ögonsjuksköterskor medverkade. En kvalitativ innehållsanalys utfördes sedan på insamlad data. Tre kategorier framkom: personcentrering vid informationstillfället, patientreaktioner påverkar informationstillfället samt omständigheter påverkar informationstillfället. Resultatet visade att ögonsjuksköterskorna var djupt involverade i körkortsärenden och de flesta kände ansvar att informera patienten när synkraven för körkort inte uppnåddes. Genom ett personcentrerat förhållningsätt försökte ögonsjuksköterskorna skapa de bästa förutsättningarna för att göra patienten delaktig. Informationstillfället påverkades av patientens reaktioner samt andra omständigheter så som vilken diagnos patienten hade och vilka konsekvenser informationen skulle kunna innebära för patienten. Det visade sig vara av betydelse att ögonsjuksköterskorna hade goda kunskaper i handhavande och bedömningar i körkortsfrågor varför sådan utbildning rekommenderas. Oftalmologiska verksamheter bör avsätta tillräckligt med tid till dessa patientbesök då även detta visade sig vara viktigt. För att ytterligare förbättra den oftalmologiska omvårdnaden är det angeläget att i kommande studier belysa patientens upplevelse av informationstillfället.
It is part of the ophthalmic nurse’s duties to measure functions relating to sight and to report outcomes of such examinations. It can feel difficult to deliver information about sight no longer being sufficient to fulfil the requirements for a drivers’ licence, as such information may negatively impact quality of life. The purpose of this study was to examine the experiences of ophthalmic nurses in informing the patients that their vision no longer fulfils the requirements for holding a drivers’ license. The study comprised interviews in which nine nurses participated. A qualitative content analysis of the collected data was conducted. Three categories emerged: person-centering the delivery of information, reactions of patient affect the delivery of information and circumstances affect the delivery of information. The results show that ophthalmic nurses were deeply involved in drivers’ licence cases, and most of them felt a responsibility to inform patients when their sight fell short of requirements for drivers’ license. By means of a person-centred approach, nurses attempted to create the best conditions in which to involve patients. The time of information delivery was impacted by the reactions of patients, as well as other circumstances such as the type of patient diagnosis and the consequences this information might have for the patient. It was deemed significant that ophthalmic nurses had good knowledge of process and judgment in matters of drivers’ licenses, why such education is recommended. Sufficient time for those meetings was shown to be important. In order to further improve ophthalmic caring, it is important to also highlight the patients’ experience at the time of information.

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Colus, Katia Miguel. "Processos de estabelecimento da atenção conjunta em um bebê vidente e em outro com deficiência visual severa." Universidade de São Paulo, 2012. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/59/59137/tde-09112012-085817/.

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A atenção conjunta é considerada, na literatura específica, como sendo uma habilidade fundamental do bebê para que este possa, a partir dela, estabelecer um conjunto de dimensões básicas no seu desenvolvimento cognitivo, social e afetivo. A atenção conjunta se refere a comportamentos como olhar na direção do olhar do outro, observar a face, a intenção e os interesses do outro, mostrar e compartilhar interativamente objetos com outros. Episódios de atenção conjunta, portanto, podem quase ser denominados de episódios de atenção visual conjunta. Esta capacidade, como dado eminentemente visual, tem sido considerada como crucialmente importante para o desenvolvimento da capacidade interativa do bebê, sendo indispensável para que este se socialize. Entretanto, ao se pensar estes processos em crianças cegas ou com deficiência visual severa, depara-se com a pouca quantidade de informação disponível em dados de pesquisas. Assim, a meta desta pesquisa foi investigar se ocorreu e como ocorreu a construção, o estabelecimento e a manutenção do processo de atenção conjunta em um bebê vidente e um bebê com deficiência visual severa, ambos em interação com os parceiros em seu entorno. Para tal, partiu-se da verificação de quais pistas sensoriais o bebê ou os parceiros circundantes se utilizam nas interações (se pistas visuais, táteis, vestibulares, auditivas, cinestésicas, olfativas ou gustativas) para iniciar, estabelecer e manter a atenção conjunta. Utilizou-se de estudo de casos múltiplos-exploratórios, envolvendo um bebê com deficiência visual severa e sua família vidente, fazendo-se um contraponto com um bebê vidente em uma família também vidente. O contraponto se mostrou importante para dar visibilidade a recursos e aspectos específicos do processo, e também preservar as características dos ambientes em que os bebês e suas famílias se encontram. A perspectiva sócio-interacionista permitiu a compreensão dos processos desenvolvimentais que ocorrem nestas situações. A construção do corpus se deu através de videogravações, posteriormente recortadas de acordo com sua relevância para a verificação da meta proposta, sendo as cenas selecionadas transcritas. Para a análise destes recortes considerou-se a abordagem microgenética, com aporte metodológico da Rede de Significações funcionando como proposta privilegiada e possibilitadora da compreensão da complexidade dos processos. Como resultados, verificou-se que para o bebê vidente, os dados encontrados confirmam o que a literatura específica indica como sendo o percurso típico para a construção da atenção conjunta. Para o bebê com deficiência visual severa, nota-se também, a partir de outras pistas que não as visuais, o estabelecimento e a manutenção do processo de atenção conjunta. Sugerem-se, entretanto, mais pesquisas a respeito destas questões, não só para se buscar mais dados a partir de outros bebês videntes e também com as mesmas características sensoriais diferenciadas da cegueira ou da deficiência visual severa, como também para contribuir com a construção de novos dados teóricos a respeito do tema.
Joint attention is considered, in specific literature, as a fundamental skill of the baby. Through this ability, the baby sets up a group of basic dimensions in his cognitive, social and affective development. Joint attention refers to behaviors like looking in the direction of someone else\'s gaze, observe the face, the intent and the interests of the other, pointing out and sharing objects interactively with other. Joint attention episodes, therefore, can almost be called joint visual attention episodes. This ability, basically as a visual fact, has been considered as crucially important for the development of the interactive capabilities of the baby, becoming essential for his socialization. However, there is few survey data about joint attention in severe visual impairment or blind children. Therefore, this research aims to investigate if occurs and how occurs the construction, establishment and maintenance of joint attention process in a seer baby, and in a severe visual impairment baby, both in interaction with surrounding partners. This work is intended to check what sensorial cues are being used, by the baby or by the surrounding partners, in their interactions (whether visual, tactile, vestibular, auditory, kinesthetic, olfactory or gustatory) to initiate, establish and maintain joint attention. It was choosen the methodology Exploratory Multiple Case Study, involving a severe visual impairment baby and its seer family, as a counterpoint to a seer baby and its seer family. This approach offered additional visibility to some specific aspects in joint attention, and, in addition, to preserving surrounding characters in which babies and their families are involved. The Social-Interactionist Perspective allowed the understanding of such developmental processes. Corpus Construction were captured on digital video recordings, subsequently prepared accordingly to the work goal and its relevancy. The selected scenes were transcribed. For the analysis of these clippings was considered a microgenetic approach. The Network of Meanings sustained the comprehension of joint attention processes and offers methodological support. As an outcome for the seer baby, this work endorses what specific literature indicates for the establishment of joint attention in a typical development child. For this baby with severe visual impairment, it was observed establishment and maintenance of joint attention process, from non visual sensory cues. However, it suggests more research on these issues to generate new contribuitions over the theme joint attention, not only to seer babies, but also to severe visual impairment babies. These future works might contribute to build new theoretical data on joint attention, in typical or even atypical sensorial conditions of development.

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Soong, Grace Pik-Yin. "The effect of orientation and mobility training on vision and mobility performance in visually impaired adults." Thesis, Queensland University of Technology, 2000. https://eprints.qut.edu.au/36754/1/36754_Digitised%20Thesis.pdf.

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A number of studies have investigated various visual functions of visually impaired subjects and how their visual functions relate to the subjects' ability to travel in their environment. Most studies have shown that visual field and contrast sensitivity are the most important visual factors in determining how well visually impaired subjects travel in their environment. From the outcome of the studies, some aspects of vision are known to play important roles in mobility performance of visually impaired subjects. However, in all these studies, researchers have used visually impaired subjects with differing degrees of mobility skills. The mobility performance measured in previous studies may differ among subjects depending on the level of their mobility skills rather than differences in visual function. One of the main factors which may affect subjects' mobility skills is whether or not they have had orientation and mobility (O&M) training. Anecdotal evidence reported by mobility instructors and visually impaired clients suggests that O&M instruction does improve independent travel skills. In view of the limitations of previous studies, the current study attempted to determine the effect of O&M training on vision and mobility performance of visually impaired adults. Vision and mobility performance of a group of visually impaired subjects were examined before and after O&M training. As the same group of subjects were investigated, the effects of other factors which influenced their mobility skills may be controlled. Based on the best predictors of mobility performance, vision criteria for O&M training referral were recommended. Methods. Vision and mobility performance of 2 groups of visually impaired subjects with various ocular diseases were assessed: the experimental group T who were referred and received mobility training and the control group NT with no previous mobility training and were not referred for training. Visual performances were measured binocularly as high and low contrast visual acuities, letter and edge contrast sensitivities and kinetic visual fields. The subjects' mobility performance was measured on an indoor mobility course: 1) walking efficiency was assessed as percentage preferred walking speed (PPWS) 2) mobility incidents were assessed as errors made during travel on the course. Vision and mobility performances were measured before training and approximately 4 weeks after completion of training for group T whilst group NT was assessed at two visits with a similar time period between visits as for group T. A questionnaire was administered to each group at both visits and six months after the second visit. Results. Walking efficiency of group T improved with short-term practice immediately following O&M training but there was no improvement due to long-term practice or training. On the other hand, there was no improvement in error score either due to practice or training immediately after O&M training. Error score of all subjects improved as a result of prior experience. Self-reported mobility performance did not improve immediately after O&M training but improved six months after training. Stepwise multiple regression analysis showed that visual field was a significant predictor before and after O&M training; it accounted for 20.4 percent and 31.2 percent of the variance in PPWS and error score respectively before training whilst accounting for 20.0 percent and 16.8 percent of the variance in PPWS and error score respectively after training. Stepwise multiple regression analysis of groups T and NT together showed that LCV A and inferior remaining visual field were best predictors of PPWS and error score respectively; PPWS began to deteriorate when LCVA was 6/150 or worse whilst error score began to decline when inferior remaining visual field was 45 degrees radius or less (between the field extent of 225 and 315 degrees). Conclusions. Mobility performance of visually impaired adults may be improved following O&M training, however, further research needs to be conducted to ascertain the level of improvement in performance over time. Visual field was shown to play a significant role in mobility performance of visually impaired adults regardless whether or not they have had O&M training, however, further research is required to ascertain the role of LCV A in walking efficiency. Tentative criteria for O&M training referral were recommended: LCVA 61150 or worse and/or inferior remaining binocular visual field of 45 degrees or less using the target IV 4 E. However, further research is needed to ascertain if these criteria are applicable to other visually impaired groups.

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RIEDEL, TATIANA MAJER RIEDEL. "VISUAL IMPAIRMENT, BLINDNESS AND CATARACT PREVALENCE IN INSTITUTIONALIZED VS. COMMUNITY-DWELLING ELDERLY: A META-ANALYSIS OF PREVALENCE RATES AND EVALUATION OF TRENDS SINCE 1985." Case Western Reserve University School of Graduate Studies / OhioLINK, 2018. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=case1531921728971159.

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Santos, Elisandra dos. "Estudo das habilidades auditivas em crianças portadoras de deficiencia visual." [s.n.], 2008. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/310942.

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Orientadores: Maria Francisca Colella dos Santos, Angelica Maria Bicudo Zeferino
Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Ciencias Medicas
Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-10T19:57:35Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Santos_Elisandrados_M.pdf: 2248137 bytes, checksum: 83f9ea03c594cd939cc8379810323965 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2008
Resumo: Objetivo: Analisar o processamento auditivo de escolares portadores de deficiência visual (baixa visão e cegueira), além de caracterizá-los quanto aos aspectos sociais. Métodos: Avaliação de 30 crianças, sendo 15 do Grupo I, constituído por crianças portadoras de deficiência visual e 15 do Grupo II formado por crianças com visão normal, sem queixas auditivas e/ou escolares. Realizamos meatoscopia, audiometria tonal liminar, logoaudiometria e imitânciometria; além dos testes de Localização Sonora em Cinco Direções, Memória Seqüencial para Sons Verbais e Não Verbais, Fala com Ruído, Dicótico de Dígitos, Padrão de Duração e Randon Gap Detection Test. Resultados: Em relação à avaliação audiológica básica, no Grupo I, 3 (20%) escolares tiveram resultados alterados, enquanto 12 (80%) estavam dentro da normalidade. Já no Grupo II, todos os participantes apresentaram resultados normais. Na bateria de testes do Processamento Auditivo, o Grupo I apresentou 10 (66,6%) escolares com alteração e 4 (26,6%) dentro da normalidade , enquanto o Grupo II mostrou 6 (40%) escolares com resultados alterados e 9 (60%) normais. Conclusão: O Grupo I mostrou-se com desempenho desfavorável em relação ao Grupo II tanto na avaliação audiológica básica, como na bateria de testes do Processamento Auditivo. Quanto aos aspectos sociais, o Grupo I apresentou pior situação sócio-econômica quando comparado ao Grupo II, além haver uma tendência em ter maior número de pessoas na família e um significativo número de mães que são responsáveis apenas pelo trabalho doméstico e o cuidado com os filhos
Abstract: Objective: Analyze the auditory processing in children with visual impairment (low vision and blindness), in addition to characterize them according to social aspects. Methods: Thirty children were evaluated: 15 comprised Group I ¿ children with visual impairment; and 15 comprised Group II ¿ children with normal vision, without hearing and/or school complaints. The children underwent meatoscopy, pure tone audiometry, logoaudiometry and imitanciometry, as well as tests of sound localization from five directions, verbal and non-verbal sequential memory, speech in noise, dichotic digits, standard gap duration and Randon gap detection test. Results: Respecting the basic auditory evaluation, three (20%) students in Group I presented results altered, while twelve (80%) presented normal results. On the other hand, all participants in Group II presented normal results. Concerning the set of auditory processing tests, ten (66,6%) students in Group I presented alterations and four (26,6%) presented normal results; while six (40%) students in Group II showed results altered and nine (60%) presented normal results. Conclusion: The Group I performance was unfavorable in comparison to the Group II, either in the basic auditory evaluation or in the set of auditory processing tests. However, we could conclude that students with visual impairment do not present better hearing abilities when compared to students with normal eyesight
Mestrado
Saude da Criança e do Adolescente
Mestre em Saude da Criança e do Adolescente

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Wild, Tiffany Ann. "Students' with visual impairments conceptions of causes of seasonal change." Columbus, Ohio : Ohio State University, 2008. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc%5Fnum=osu1217635372.

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Lopes, Marcia Caires Bestilleiro. "Relação entre o Questionário de Função Visual Infantil e as medidas psicofísicas de acuidade visual e visão de cores em crianças com deficiência visual." Universidade de São Paulo, 2014. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/47/47135/tde-17032015-121437/.

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O Questionário de Função Visual Infantil (QFVI) é um instrumento para medir o impacto da deficiência visual na criança e em seus familiares. Pode ser utilizado como ferramenta para pesquisas, verificação da eficácia de tratamentos e de diferentes terapêuticas aplicadas, além de auxiliar métodos que intervenham com melhor eficiência, como habilitação e reabilitação visual. O objetivo deste trabalho é estudar a relação entre os domínios Saúde Geral, Saúde Geral da Visão, Competência, Personalidade, Impacto familiar e Tratamento, que compõem o QFVI, e as medidas psicofísicas de acuidade visual (AV) e discriminação de cromaticidade (VC). Este estudo prospectivo, transversal foi realizado no Laboratório de Psicofisiologia Sensorial da Universidade de São Paulo em parceria com o Ambulatório de Estimulação Visual Precoce Setor de Baixa Visão e Reabilitação Visual da Universidade Federal de São Paulo. As crianças convidadas a participarem deste estudo foram alocadas em 2 grupos: Grupo estudo (GE) composto por 32 crianças, com o diagnóstico de deficiência visual, com idade média de 30 meses (dp= 22,3); Grupo controle (GC) composto por 21 crianças, com visão normal e idade média de 34 meses (dp= 26,8). Esses grupos foram submetidos a aplicação do QFVI, e em seguida as avaliações de medida de AV através do teste de Cartões de Acuidade de Teller (CAT), e VC pelo programa Cambridge Colour Test para crianças (CCT Kids). O resultado da aplicação do QFVI, para os grupos de crianças menores de 3 anos, comparados entre os GE e GC, mostrou diferenças significantes entre os seguintes domínios: Saúde Geral da visão (F=24,07 e p<0,001); Competência (F=73,00 e p<0,001); Personalidade (F=10,21 e p=0,010); Impacto Familiar (F=35,30 e p<0,001); Total da qualidade de vida (F=64,06 e p<0,001). No teste de AV pelo CAT, nos grupos de crianças menores de 3 anos, comparados entre os GE e GC, foram observadas diferenças entre: AV de olho direito (OD) (F=12,86 e p<0,001); AV de olho esquerdo (OE) (F=11,09 e p<0,001); AV de ambos os olhos (AO) (F=16,27 e p<0,001). Estas diferenças mostram uma pior pontuação para o GE. Na VC medidos pelo CCT kids, os dados coletados nos grupos de crianças menores de 3 anos, comparados entre os GE e GC, não foram observadas diferenças estatisticamente significativas para os grupos Protan, Tritan, e Deutan para AO. Na aplicação do QFVI, os dados coletados nos grupos de crianças maiores de 3 anos, comparados entre os GE e GC, foram observadas diferenças entre os seguintes domínios: Saúde Geral da visão (F=10,00 e p<0,001); Competência (F=7,03 e p=0,030); Personalidade (F=6,48 e p=0,010); Total da qualidade de vida (F=11,39 e p=0,010). Estas diferenças mostram uma pior pontuação para o GE. No teste de AV pelo CAT, os dados coletados nos grupos de crianças maiores de 3 anos, comparados entre os GE e GC, foram observadas diferenças entre: AV de OD (F=19,25 e p<0,001); AV de OE (F=25,99 e p<0,001); AV de AO (F=15,45 e p<0,001). Estas diferenças mostram uma pior pontuação para o GE. No teste de VC pelo CCT kids, os dados coletados nos grupos de crianças maiores de 3 anos, comparados entre os GE e GC, não foram observadas diferenças estatisticamente significativas para os grupos Protan, Tritan, e ou Deutan. Para o GE, de crianças menores de 3 anos, a correlação negativa entre as funções visuais e o QFVI, está presente entre as seguintes variáveis: Saúde geral da visão e competência. Já para as crianças maiores de 3 anos: Saúde geral da visão, competência, impacto familiar e total da qualidade de vida. Nós concluímos que existem diferenças estatisticamente significativas quando comparados os GE e GC para as funções de acuidade visual e discriminação de cromaticidade, evidenciando a correlação no uso do QFVI e as funções de AV e VC
The Children\'s Visual Function Questionnaire (CVFQ) is an instrument to measure the impact of visual impairment in children and their families. It can be used as a research tool to verify the effectiveness of treatment, therapy and different methods for the visual stimulation and rehabilitation. The aim of this study is to describe the relationship between General Health, General Vision Health, Personality, Family Impact and Treatment subscales of the CVFQ, and psychophysical measures of visual acuity (VA) and chromaticity discrimination (CV). This prospective, cross-sectional study was conducted at the Sensory Psychophysiology Laboratory - University of São Paulo in partnership with the Ambulatory of Visual Stimulation in Sector of Low Vision and Visual Rehabilitation - Federal University of São Paulo. The children who participated in this study were divided into two groups: study group (SG) composed of 32 children with a diagnosis of visual impairment, mean age of 30 months (sd = 22.3); Control group (CG) consisted of 21 children with normal vision and mean age of 34 months (sd = 26.8). Both groups underwent the application of CVFQ, were tested for VA using the Teller Acuity Cards (TAC) test, and CV by the Cambridge Colour Test program for children (Kids CCT). The result of applying the CVFQ to groups of children under three years, when comparing SG and CG, showed significant differences in the following subscales: General Vision Health (F = 24.07, p <0.001); Competence (F = 73.00, p <0.001); Personality (F = 10.21, p = 0.010); Family Impact (F = 35.30, p <0.001); Total quality of life (F = 64.06, p <0.001). In the VA test by the TAC in groups of children under three years, comparing SG with CG, differences were observed in VA right eye (RE) (F = 12.86, p <0.001); VA left eye (LE) (F = 11.09, p <0.001); VA both eyes (BE) (F = 16.27, p <0.001). These differences show a worse score for the SG. In the CV measured by Kids CCT, the data collected in groups of children under three years, comparing SG and CG, no statistically significant differences for protan, tritan and deutan groups were observed for BE. In applying the CVFQ, the data collected from groups of children over three years, comparing SG and CG, differences were observed in the following subscales: General Vision Health (F = 10.00, p <0.001); Competence (F = 7.03, p = 0.030); Personality (F = 6.48, p = 0.010); Total quality of life (F = 11.39, p = 0.010). These differences show a worse score for the SG. In the VA test by the TAC, the data collected in groups of children over three years, comparing SG and CG, differences were observed in: VA RE (F = 19.25, p <0.001); VA LE (F = 25.99, p <0.001); VA BE (F = 15.45, p <0.001). These differences show worse score for the SG. In the CV by Kids CCT, the data collected in groups of children over three years, comparing SG and CG, no statistically significant differences for protan, tritan and deutan groups were observed. For the SG, children under three years, a negative correlation between the visual functions and the CVFQ was present for the following variables: General Vision Health and Competence, while for children over three years, correlations were found for General Vision Health, Competence, Family Impact and General Quality of Life. We conclude that there are statistically significant differences when comparing the SG with the CG for the visual function of VA and CV, and we also demonstrated the sensitivity in the use of CVFQ in reflect VA and CV impairments

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Juvencio, Vera Lucia Pontes. "CONTRIBUTION OF INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY (ICT) ACCESSIBILITY FOR PEOPLE WITH VISUAL IMPAIRMENT: THE CASE OF THE FEDERAL UNIVERSITY OF CEARÃ." Universidade Federal do CearÃ, 2013. http://www.teses.ufc.br/tde_busca/arquivo.php?codArquivo=10922.

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nÃo hÃ
This study points to access, permanence and autonomy of people with visual impairment, poor vision or total blindness, with the use of information and communication technologies (ICTs), the informatics and its augmentation with communication capabilities, as tools of interaction with environments found at the Federal University of CearÃ (UFC). We present a theoretical framework of the issue through the following topics: special education and inclusive education, assistive technology, visual impairment, the legal system, including higher education, the use of ICT, usability and ergonomics, accessibility and inclusion, universal design, web accessibility, programs with speech synthesizers, building websites for full development to make them accessible to the visually impaired, as well as the accessibility at the Federal University of CearÃ. The methodology was exploratory, descriptive, and application of instruments: questionnaires, interviews and tests, people with visual impairments that make up the university community, students and employees. The questionnaire was sent via internet and a visit for the interview and testing was scheduled by e-mail, phone or in person. The answers to the questionnaires for data collection were sent by e-mail. The research was conducted with eight people, one teacher and seven students, all totally blind or with poor vision. In the chapter on Methodology, besides addressing the collecting, processing and data analysis technique, details of the research are also provided. The results address the life course of the research subjects and the perception of these people in relation to accessibility in UFC. In addition, the specific objectives and analysis of results were also verified. A list of recommendations was then released.
O objetivo deste estudo aponta para o acesso, autonomia e permanÃncia de pessoas com deficiÃncia visual, com baixa visÃo ou com cegueira, com suporte na utilizaÃÃo de tecnologias da informaÃÃo e comunicaÃÃo (TICs), da informÃtica e da sua potencializaÃÃo com os recursos de comunicaÃÃo, como ferramentas de interaÃÃo com ambientes normovisuais, na Universidade Federal do CearÃ (UFC). Demonstra-se uma fundamentaÃÃo teÃrica sobre a temÃtica, por via dos seguintes tÃpicos: educaÃÃo especial e educaÃÃo inclusiva; tecnologias assistivas; deficiÃncia visual; ordenamento jurÃdico; inclusÃo no ensino superior; uso das TICs; usabilidade e ergonomia; acessibilidade e inclusÃo; desenho universal; acessibilidade na Web; programas com sintetizadores de voz; construÃÃo de sites para todos; desenvolvimento para tornÃ-los acessÃveis aos deficientes visuais; e acessibilidade na Universidade Federal do CearÃ. A metodologia utilizada foi exploratÃria e descritiva, com aplicaÃÃo de instrumentos - questionÃrios, entrevistas e testes com as pessoas com deficiÃncia visual que constituem a comunidade universitÃria, seus servidores e alunos. O questionÃrio foi enviado via internet, e a visita para a entrevista e os testes foi agendada atravÃs de email, telefonema ou pessoalmente. As respostas dos questionÃrios para coleta de dados foram enviadas por email. A pesquisa foi realizada com oito pessoas, sendo um docente e sete alunos, cegos ou de baixa visÃo. O capÃtulo da Metodologia, alÃm de se abordar a coleta, o tratamento e a tÃcnica de anÃlise dos dados, detalha a pesquisa. Os resultados tratam da trajetÃria de vida dos sujeitos da pesquisa e a percepÃÃo dessas pessoas em relaÃÃo Ã acessibilidade na UFC. Realizaram-se, ainda, uma verificaÃÃo dos objetivos especÃficos e anÃlise dos resultados. Em seguida, foi disponibilizada uma lista de recomendaÃÃes.

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SANTOS, Ágda Cristina de Sousa. "Desempenho de crianças e adolescentes com baixa visão na Escala de Equilíbrio Pediátrica." Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, 2016. https://repositorio.ufpe.br/handle/123456789/17717.

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Deficiência visual pode implicar em comprometimento de atividades básicas relativas ao movimento, como o equilíbrio. É importante mensurar esse comprometimento de acordo com a idade, para averiguar e posteriormente acompanhar o desenvolvimento motor das crianças e adolescentes. O objetivo desse estudo foi investigar o desempenho de crianças e adolescentes com baixa visão na Escala de Equilíbrio Pediátrica (EEP), bem como, avaliar a relação do escore alcançado na EEP com a percepção dos pais quanto à qualidade de vida dos seus filhos e à assistência especializada por eles recebida. A EEP foi administrada em 41 sujeitos, entre cinco e 14 anos de idade, com baixa visão e sem comprometimento motor ou cognitivo associado, em população do agreste de Pernambuco e Recife. A EEP foi desenvolvida como medida de funcionalidade de equilíbrio, adaptada da Escala de Equilíbrio de Berg e proposta para crianças na faixa etária de cinco a 15 anos. É uma escala de alta confiabilidade para teste-reteste e relativamente simples e de fácil administração. O teste utilizado para avaliação da percepção dos pais quanto à qualidade de vida das crianças/adolescentes foi o PedsQLTM Generic Core Scale 4.0 e os dados sobre a deficiência visual foram obtidos através do cadastro dos indivíduos no centro de referência onde se realizou a coleta. Utilizou-se a estatística descritiva para o cálculo de tendência central (medianas), dispersão (quartis) e frequência simples. O coeficiente de correlação de Spearman foi utilizado para verificar a correlação entre a idade e a pontuação obtida na escala e também para a relação deste com os escores da escala de qualidade de vida. O teste de Mann-Whitney foi utilizado para calcular a associação entre o escore alcançado na EEP e o tipo de assistência especilizada recebida. Houve uma correlação de 0,52, com Intervalo de Confiança (95%) de 0,24-0,74, entre a pontuação obtida na EEP e a idade. A variação de pontuação foi maior em crianças entre cinco a sete anos de idade e mínima em grupos etários mais velhos. A pontuação máxima foi obtida em seis itens da escala por todas as crianças e adolescentes. Não houve correlação significante entre o questionário de qualidade de vida aplicado aos pais e responsáveis com o desempenho das crianças e adolescentes na EEP, bem como a associação entre este e a assistência especializada recebida. A EEP mostrou-se como um instrumento de triagem de fácil aplicação em crianças e adolescentes com baixa visão, sendo mais adequada para crianças de cinco a sete anos de idade, porém sem discriminar déficit de equilíbrio, com efeito teto para crianças e adolescentes mais velhos.
Visual impairment can have implications that hinder basic activities related to body movement such as balance. It is important to measure such hindrance, according to age, for baseline assessment and for later tracking of the motor development of those children and adolescents. The objective of this study was to investigate the performance of children and adolescents with low vision on the Pediatric Balance Scale (PBS) as well as evaluate the relationship of a PBS score to the parents’ perception of their children’s quality of life and the specialized assistance which they receive. The PBS was administered to 41 subjects between the ages of five and 14 with low vision but no associated motor, nor cognitive impairment, in the interior of Pernambuco and in Recife. The PBS was developed to measure functional balance, adapted from Berg Balance Scale, and intended for children from five to fifteen years old. It is a scale of high reliability for testing and retesting and is relatively simple and easy to apply. The test used to evaluate the parents’ perception of their children’s/adolescents’ quality of life was the PedsQLTM Generic Core Scale 4.0 and the data related to visual deficiency were collected from the participants’ registration records in a top performance health center. Descriptive statistics was used to calculate central tendencies (median), dispersion (quartiles), and simple frequency. Spearman’s correlation coefficient was used to verify the correlation between age and the score obtained on the scale and subsequently, to verify the relationship of the PBS score to the scores from the quality of life scale. Mann-Whitney’s test was used to calculate the association between the score reached on the PBS and the type of specialized assistance received. There was a 0.52 correlation, with a confidence interval (95%) of 0.24 - 0.74, between the scores achieved on the PBS and the subject’s age. The score variation was greater in children between the ages of five and seven and minimal in older age groups. All children and adolescents reached the maximum score in six items of the scale. There was no significant correlation between the quality of life questionnaire, administered to the parents and legal guardians, to the performance of the children and adolescents on the PBS, nor there was association of the same and the specialized assistance received. The PBS proved to be a triage instrument that is easy to use on children and adolescents with low vision, being more appropriate for children of ages five to seven and, without discrimination of balance deficit, having a ceiling effect for older children and adolescents.

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Lino, Leandro Jorge de Oliveira [UNESP]. "A visão monocular e a aposentadoria especial da pessoa com deficiência." Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/152055.

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De acordo com o censo realizado pelo Instituto Brasileiro de Geografia e Estatística em 2010, identificou-se que 18,8% da população nacional são pessoas com alguma espécie de deficiência visual. Ante a esse expressivo número, figura-se ser importante para o mundo jurídico a análise do conceito de pessoa com deficiência visual e suas modificações ao longo do tempo, principalmente, quando, na práxis forense e administrativa previdenciária, observa-se a segregação de pessoas detentoras de deficiência visual monocular deste conceito jurídico. Há também ainda, a interpretação de legislações vigentes, que ainda trazem um conceito superado do que se considera pessoa com deficiência. Para conceituá-la, inicialmente, se utilizou o modelo exclusivamente médico lastreado em limitações físicas; passo seguinte se adotou o modelo social, cujo enfoque era a opressão social sofrida pelas pessoas com deficiência; e, atualmente, o modelo utilizado é o biopsicossocial, analisando-se a pessoa com deficiência por intermédio de perícia médica e social, conjugando a análise dos impedimentos corpóreos de longo prazo, frente às barreiras sociais, ambientais e atitudinais existentes. Para as legislações que usam o modelo médico restritivamente, o possuidor de visão monocular não se enquadra no conceito de pessoa com deficiência. Contudo, por todos os modelos, o médico, social ou biopsicossocial, é possível se considerar a pessoa com visão monocular como pessoa com deficiência visual. Nesse contexto, e com iguais propósitos, tem-se que analisar o conceito jurídico-constitucional da pessoa com deficiência visual, para fins de reconhecimento do direito ao gozo da aposentadoria especial nesta condição, aos possuidores de visão monocular. Apesar de serem possuidores de Cegueira ou Deficiência Visual Grave ou Moderada por critérios médicos, têm sido excluídas do acesso a vários direitos, inclusive desta espécie de aposentadoria, vez que, regra geral em termos legais expressos, não são considerados pessoas com deficiência visual. O objetivo deste trabalho, portanto, é analisar a evolução desses modelos e aferir o grau de proteção social hoje conferido à pessoa com deficiência visual, em especial no caso da visão monocular, principalmente no que concernente à concessão de aposentadoria especial da pessoa com deficiência.
According to the census done by Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics in 2010, was identified that 18.8% of the national population are persons with, at least, one kind of visual impairment. Before this expressive number, ifigures out that, it has been important to the legal word, the concept analisys of a person with visual impairment and its modifications along the time, specially, when, in the forensic and administrative social security praxis, it is noted a segregation of detaining persons with monocular vison deficiency at this legal concept. There is even, a legislation in force version, that it is still giving a concept surpassed of what, at the beginning, was used as an exclusively backed medical model considering the person with visual impairment. To concept it, the physical limitations; the next step is adopted a social model, whose approach was based in the social oppression suffered by the persons with deficiency; and, actually, this used model is the biopsychosocial, analysing the person with this disable throughout the social and medical expertise, joining the longterm bodily impediments analisys, facing the social, environmental and existing attitudinal barriers. For the legilations that use a restrict medical model, the monocular vision possessor does not fit as a person with deficiency. However, for all the kinds of models, like medical, social or biopsychosocial, it is possible to consider a person with monocular vison as one with visual impairment. In this context, and with same purposes, there is a way to analyse the conditions of a visual impairment person and the monocular vison possessor legal-constitutional concept, to recognize the rights of a special retirement enjoyment. In spite of being Severe or Moderate Vision or Blindness possessor by medical criteria, it has been excluded of many right accesses, including this kind of retirement, once that, the general rules, in expressive legal therms, are not considered persons with visual impairment. The purpose of this research is, therefore, to analyse these models evolution and to assess the degree of social protection to a person with visual impairment nowadays, in a special case, the monocular vision one, mainly in relation to the granting of special retirement of the disabled person.

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Kreutz, Carla Meira. "A efetividade de uma intervenção precoce na interação entre os pais e um bebê prematuro com deficiência visual." reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRGS, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10183/28158.

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Esta tese de doutorado é um estudo de caso sobre uma família com um bebê com deficiência visual e a efetividade de uma intervenção precoce, dividindo-se em quatro artigos. O primeiro objetivou revisar a produção científica sobre intervenção precoce na área da deficiência visual. O segundo artigo investigou o duplo impacto da prematuridade e da deficiência visual, examinando as reações emocionais dos pais de um bebê nesse contexto e seu impacto na parentalidade. O terceiro artigo investigou a efetividade de uma intervenção precoce com foco na sensibilidade materna – e paterna, analisando o pré e o pós-intervenção. O último estudo trata-se de um relato de experiência que examina o processo da intervenção. As discussões sobre o impacto da prematuridade junto à deficiência visual lançam bases para o trabalho de intervenção na interação pais-bebê. As análises sugerem ser a intervenção precoce efetiva em termos de promoção de mudanças na interação parental com o bebê e de expressão de emoções.
This doctoral thesis is a single case study of a family with a baby that has vision impairment and the effectiveness of an early intervention, which is divided in four articles. The first aims to review the scientific literature in the field of early intervention in the area of visual impairment. The second article investigated the double impact of the both prematurity and the vision impairment on parenthood, examining the parents emotional reactions in that context. The third article investigates the effectiveness of an early intervention focusing on maternal and paternal sensibility, by analysing the pre- and the post intervention. The last study is a narrative of the experience of the intervention process. Discussions involving the impact of prematurity on vision impairment promote the basis for the intervention in the parent-baby interaction. The results suggest that early intervention may be effective by promotion changes in the parental interaction with baby and by allowing the expresssion of parents emotions.

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Vila, i. Vidal Núria 1967. "La Visió infantil a Catalunya." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/667940.

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La visió té una importància crucial per als infants a l’hora de desenvolupar-se i en l’àmbit escolar. Malgrat aquesta importància, no hi ha dades poblacionals de visió infantil a Catalunya, cosa que dificulta l’elaboració de polítiques públiques en aquesta línia. L’objectiu de l’estudi és caracteritzar la visió infantil a Catalunya aportant dades, inèdites fins ara: la prevalença de l’impediment visual i la seva associació a variables socioeconòmiques a partir de les dades de l’Enquesta de Salut de Catalunya (ESCA) de menors, i, la influència de la visió en el rendiment acadèmic a partir de dades clíniques provinents de cribratges visuals a escolars. Els resultats principals són: 1) la distribució de l’impediment visual corregible no presenta diferències significatives per causes socioeconòmiques; 2) l’impediment visual no corregible té una prevalença major entre les classes socials desafavorides, encara que no significativament; 3) en infants amb bona agudesa visual l’alteració de la motilitat ocular està associada significativament amb el baix rendiment acadèmic; i 4) es proposa modificar les preguntes de visió de l’ESCA de menors per millorar la informació que se n’obté.
Vision is of crucial importance for children, for both their development and in the context of school. Despite the importance of vision, there are no population data for children's vision in Catalonia, making it difficult to develop public policies in such regard. This thesis primarily aims to characterise children's vision in Catalonia in order to provide useful data, unpublished thus far: the prevalence of visual impairment and its correlation with socio-economic variables, based on data from the Health Survey of Catalonia (ESCA) for minors; and the influence of vision on academic performance, based on clinical data from visual screenings carried out on school children. The main results of this research are: 1) the distribution of correctable visual impairment shows no significant differences based on socioeconomic factors; 2) non-correctable visual impairment is more prevalent among disadvantaged social classes. However, such prevalence is not statistically significant; 3) among schoolchildren with good visual acuity, altered ocular motility is significantly associated with low academic performance; and 4) we propose to modify the vision questions for the ESCA for minors to improve the information collected.

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Lino, Leandro. "A visão monocular e a aposentadoria especial da pessoa com deficiência /." Franca, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/152055.

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Orientador: Juliana Presotto Pereira Netto
Resumo: De acordo com o censo realizado pelo Instituto Brasileiro de Geografia e Estatística em 2010, identificou-se que 18,8% da população nacional são pessoas com alguma espécie de deficiência visual. Ante a esse expressivo número, figura-se ser importante para o mundo jurídico a análise do conceito de pessoa com deficiência visual e suas modificações ao longo do tempo, principalmente, quando, na práxis forense e administrativa previdenciária, observa-se a segregação de pessoas detentoras de deficiência visual monocular deste conceito jurídico. Há também ainda, a interpretação de legislações vigentes, que ainda trazem um conceito superado do que se considera pessoa com deficiência. Para conceituá-la, inicialmente, se utilizou o modelo exclusivamente médico lastreado em limitações físicas; passo seguinte se adotou o modelo social, cujo enfoque era a opressão social sofrida pelas pessoas com deficiência; e, atualmente, o modelo utilizado é o biopsicossocial, analisando-se a pessoa com deficiência por intermédio de perícia médica e social, conjugando a análise dos impedimentos corpóreos de longo prazo, frente às barreiras sociais, ambientais e atitudinais existentes. Para as legislações que usam o modelo médico restritivamente, o possuidor de visão monocular não se enquadra no conceito de pessoa com deficiência. Contudo, por todos os modelos, o médico, social ou biopsicossocial, é possível se considerar a pessoa com visão monocular como pessoa com deficiência visual. Nesse contexto, e... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo)
Mestre

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White, Ursula. "Concern about falling in people with age-related macular degeneration." Thesis, Queensland University of Technology, 2020. https://eprints.qut.edu.au/201804/1/Ursula_White_Thesis.pdf.

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Concern about falling (CF) is a significant health issue among older people, leading to activity restriction, physical decline, and increased falls risk. Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is the leading cause of irreversible vision loss among older people, yet little is known about CF in this population. High levels of CF were demonstrated among those with AMD, predicted by reduced visual function, and other physical and psychological factors. Over a 12-month period, CF increased, more so than in general older populations. These results provide an important basis for developing interventions to manage excessive CF, promote activity participation and reduce falls risk.

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Dougherty, Bradley Edward. "Visual and Demographic Factors in Bioptic Driving Training and Road Safety." The Ohio State University, 2013. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1366284836.

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