Journal articles: 'Vision impairment'

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Keeffe, J. "Childhood vision impairment." British Journal of Ophthalmology 88, no. 6 (June 1, 2004): 728–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bjo.2003.040006.

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Renaud, Ronald C., and Hayley Xuereb. "Vision impairment therapies." Nature Reviews Drug Discovery 2, no. 6 (June 2003): 425–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/nrd1113.

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Synova, Ievgeniia, Valentina Tarasun, Iryna Sasina, Tetyana Grebeniuk, and Kateryna Glushenko. "Study of the Characteristic Mental Development Features of Primary School Students with Visçion Impairments." Journal of Intellectual Disability - Diagnosis and Treatment 9, no. 5 (October 20, 2021): 504–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.6000/2292-2598.2021.09.05.9.

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Severe vision impairments are an obstacle to the adequate cognitive and social development of the child. The educational response to priority problems that occur with vision disorders requires appropriate training of vision impairment specialists. For this purpose, they need basic knowledge related to the classification of vision impairments and the main aspects of the development and education of this category of children. This study aimed to analyse the main features of educational activities of children with vision impairments using special diagnostic methods and to search for effective methods for correcting the cognitive activity of children with vision impairments. During the study, an experiment was conducted with children with vision impairments (15 children). To conduct the experiment, the study used methods proposed by V.V. Tarasun and adapted them to the contingent of children with vision impairments. In particular, the following methods: the method of motivational preferences "Three wishes", the method of "Memorising 10 words", and the method of "What, why, how". The depth and time of vision impairment are considered as a primary defect, which has corresponding secondary consequences and requires corrective action under the guidance of an experienced vision impairment specialist.

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Cai, Yurun, Yuri Agrawal, Jennifer Schrack, Alden Gross, Nicole Armstrong, Eleanor Simonsick, and Susan Resnick. "Sensory Impairment and Algorithmic Classification of Early Cognitive Impairment in Middle-Aged and Older Adults." Innovation in Aging 5, Supplement_1 (December 1, 2021): 436–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/geroni/igab046.1697.

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Abstract Sensory function has been linked to cognitive impairment and dementia, but the link between multiple sensory impairments and early cognitive impairment (ECI) is unclear. Sensory function (vision, hearing, vestibular, proprioception, and olfaction) was measured in 390 BLSA participants (age=75±8 years; 57% women; 69% white) from 2012 to 2018 over a mean 3.6 years. ECI was defined based on 1 standard deviation below age-and race-specific means in Card Rotations or California Verbal Learning Test immediate recall. Cox proportional hazard models examined the risk of ECI for each sensory impairment and across categories of impairments. Vision impairment (vs. no vision impairment) was associated with a 70% greater risk of ECI (HR=1.70, p=0.05). Participants with 1 or ≥2 sensory impairments had triple the risk of ECI (HR=3.74 and 3.44, p=0.008 and 0.02, respectively) compared to those without impairment. Future studies are needed to examine whether treatment for sensory impairments can modify these risks.

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Deal, Jennifer, Pei-Lun Kuo, Alison Huang, Joshua Ehrlich, Judith Kasper, Nicholas Reed, Frank Lin, and Bonnielin Swenor. "Prevalence of Concurrent Functional Vision and Hearing Impairment and Its Association with Dementia." Innovation in Aging 5, Supplement_1 (December 1, 2021): 434. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/geroni/igab046.1688.

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Abstract Vision and hearing impairment are common and independently linked to dementia risk. Adults with concurrent vision and hearing impairment (dual sensory impairment, DSI) may be particularly at-risk. Data were from the National Health and Aging Trends Study (NHATS) (2011–2018, N=7,562). Functional sensory impairments were self-reported (no impairment, vision only, hearing only, and DSI). We calculated age-specific prevalence of sensory impairments. Discrete time proportional hazards model with a complementary log-log link were used to assess 7-year dementia risk. Of 7,562 participants, overall prevalence of functional vision, hearing and DSI was 5.4%, 18.9% and 3.1%, respectively. DSI prevalence increased with age, impacting 1 in 7 adults ≥90 years. DSI was associated with a 50% increased 7-year dementia risk (adjusted hazard ratio 1.50; 95% confidence interval, 1.12–2.02) compared to no impairment. Sensory rehabilitative interventions for multiple impairments may be an avenue for consideration in efforts to reduce dementia risk.

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Fuller-Thomson, Esme, Aliya Nowaczynski, and Andie MacNeil. "The Association Between Hearing Impairment, Vision Impairment, Dual Sensory Impairment, and Serious Cognitive Impairment: Findings from a Population-Based Study of 5.4 million Older Adults." Journal of Alzheimer's Disease Reports 6, no. 1 (May 2, 2022): 211–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.3233/adr-220005.

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Background: Sensory impairments and cognitive impairment are increasing in scope due to the aging population. Objective: To investigate the association between hearing impairment, vision impairment, and dual sensory impairment with cognitive impairment among older adults. Methods: Secondary analysis of a combination of ten consecutive waves (2008–2017) of the nationally representative American Community Survey. The sample included 5.4 million community-dwelling and institutionalized older adults aged 65 and older. Bivariate and logistic regression models were conducted to examine the association hearing impairment, vision impairment, and dual sensory impairment with cognitive impairment. Results: After controlling for age, race, education, and income, older adults with only hearing impairment had more than double the odds of cognitive impairment (OR = 2.66, 95% CI = 2.64, 2.68), while older adults with only vision impairment had more than triple the odds of cognitive impairment (OR = 3.63; 95% CI = 3.59, 3.67). For older adults with dual sensory impairment, the odds of cognitive impairment were eight-fold (OR = 8.16; 95% CI = 8.07, 8.25). Similar trends were apparent in each sex and age cohort. Conclusion: Hearing and vision impairment are both independently associated with cognitive impairment. However, dual sensory impairment is associated with substantially higher odds of cognitive impairment, even after controlling for sociodemographic characteristics. Practitioners working with older adults may consider treatment for sensory impairments and cognitive impairment concurrently. Future research is needed to determine if the association is causal, and to investigate the effectiveness of common methods of treatment for sensory impairment for reducing the prevalence of cognitive impairment.

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Swenor, Bonnielin, Varshini Varadaraj, Moon Jeong Lee, Heather Whitson, and Pradeep Ramulu. "World Health Report on Vision: Aging Implications for Global Vision and Eye Health." Innovation in Aging 4, Supplement_1 (December 1, 2020): 807–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/geroni/igaa057.2933.

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Abstract In 2019, the World Health Organization World Report on Vision estimated that that 2.2 billion people have a vision impairment, of which almost half could have been prevented or is yet to be addressed. As the global population ages and the prevalence of visual impairment increases, inequities in eye care and the downstream health and aging consequences of vision loss will become magnified. This session will: (1) provide key information regarding the burden of eye disease and visual impairment among older adults worldwide; (2) outline a framework created to conceptualize the aging and long-term health implications of vision loss, and (3) discuss the global public health challenges to eye care and to maximizing health for older adults with visual impairments.

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Chan, Yee Mang, Norhafizah Sahril, Ying Ying Chan, Nor’ Ain Ab Wahab, Norliza Shamsuddin, and Muhd Zulfadli Hafiz Ismail. "Vision and Hearing Impairments Affecting Activities of Daily Living among Malaysian Older Adults by Gender." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18, no. 12 (June 10, 2021): 6271. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18126271.

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Vision and hearing impairments are common among older adults and can cause undesirable health effects. There are limited studies from low- and middle-income countries exploring gender differences between vision and hearing impairment with Activities of Daily Living (ADL) disability. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate gender differences between vision and hearing impairments with ADL disability among older adults in Malaysia. Cross-sectional data from 3977 respondents aged 60 and above from the Malaysian National Health and Morbidity Survey 2018 were used. We used logistic regression analysis to measure associations between vision and hearing impairments with ADL disability, adjusted for covariates. The prevalence of ADL disability was higher among females than males (p < 0.001). The adjusted associations between vision impairment and ADL disability were significant among males (aOR 3.79; 95%CI 2.26, 6.38) and females (aOR 2.66; 95%CI 1.36, 5.21). Similarly, significant adjusted associations were found between hearing impairment and ADL disability among males (aOR 5.76; 95%CI 3.52, 9.40) and females (aOR 3.30; 95%CI 1.17, 9.33). Vision and hearing impairments were significantly associated with ADL disability, with no gender differences identified. Early detection and effective management of vision and hearing impairments are important to prevent ADL disability and improve older adults’ level of independence.

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Owsley, Cynthia, and Gerald McGwin. "Vision Impairment and Driving." Survey of Ophthalmology 43, no. 6 (May 1999): 535–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0039-6257(99)00035-1.

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Bosman, Lyndel. "Toxoplasmosis and Vision Impairment." International Journal of Orientation & Mobility 6, no. 1 (2013): 53–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.21307/ijom-2013-006.

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Fielder, A. R. "Vision Impairment and Health." Archives of Internal Medicine 161, no. 18 (October 8, 2001): 2266—a—2267. http://dx.doi.org/10.1001/archinte.161.18.2266-a.

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Richardson, Stephanie, Corinna Tanner, and Jeremy Yorgason. "Sensory Impairment and Social Isolation: Implications for the Hispanic Population." Innovation in Aging 4, Supplement_1 (December 1, 2020): 617. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/geroni/igaa057.2096.

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Abstract Although the likelihood of developing a disability increases with age among all demographics, older adults of hispanic origin are more likely to experience vision and hearing impairment than both their white and black non-hispanic counterparts. Both hearing impairment and vision impairment are known risk factors for social isolation, yet little research has examined this association in Hispanic populations. Using data from 472 Hispanic and 5,186 White participants of the NHATS study, we examined 8-year trajectories of social isolation, along with how sensory impairment was associated with initial levels and change over time. Findings suggest that sensory impairments are linked with steeper increases over time among White participants. Among Hispanics vision and hearing impairments were linked with higher initial levels of social isolation, yet no associations were found across time. It may be that Hispanic older adults maintain social connections across time despite potentially isolating sensory impairments.

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Simning, Adam, Meghan L. Fox, Steven L. Barnett, Silvia Sorensen, and Yeates Conwell. "Depressive and Anxiety Symptoms in Older Adults With Auditory, Vision, and Dual Sensory Impairment." Journal of Aging and Health 31, no. 8 (June 13, 2018): 1353–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0898264318781123.

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Objective: The objective of the study is to examine the association of auditory, vision, and dual sensory impairment with late-life depressive and anxiety symptoms. Method: Our study included 7,507 older adults from the National Health & Aging Trends Study, a nationally representative sample of U.S. Medicare beneficiaries. Auditory and vision impairment were determined by self-report, and depressive and anxiety symptoms were evaluated by the two-item Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-2) and two-item Generalized Anxiety Disorder Scale (GAD-2), respectively. Results: Auditory, vision, and dual impairment were associated with an increased risk of depressive and anxiety symptoms in multivariable analyses accounting for sociodemographics, medical comorbidity, and functional impairment. Auditory, vision, and dual impairment were also associated with an increased risk for depressive and anxiety symptoms that persist or were of new onset after 1 year. Discussion: Screening older adults with sensory impairments for depression and anxiety, and screening those with late-life depression and anxiety for sensory impairments, may identify treatment opportunities to optimize health and well-being.

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Gopinath, Bamini, Gerald Liew, George Burlutsky, and Paul Mitchell. "Associations Between Vision, Hearing, and Olfactory Impairment With Handgrip Strength." Journal of Aging and Health 32, no. 7-8 (April 15, 2019): 654–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0898264319843724.

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Objectives: We aimed to assess the cross-sectional associations between sensory impairments (vision, hearing, and/or olfactory loss) and handgrip strength. Method: In the Blue Mountains Eye Study, 947 participants aged 65+ years had handgrip strength measured using a dynamometer. Visual impairment was defined as visual acuity <20/40 (better eye), and hearing impairment as average pure-tone air conduction threshold >25 dBHL (500-4,000 Hz). Olfaction was measured using the San Diego Odor Identification Test. Results: Marginally significant associations between sensory impairment and handgrip strength were observed after multivariable adjustment. For example, women with two or three sensory impairments had lower adjusted mean handgrip strength (17.47 ± 0.5 kg) versus women who had no sensory loss (18.59 ± 0.3 kg; p = .06) or only one sensory impairment (18.58 ± 0.3 kg; p = .05), respectively. No significant associations were observed in men. Discussion: Women who had multiple sensory impairments had reduced muscle strength as indicated by ~1.1 kg lower mean handgrip strength.

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Hayes, Emily, Avalon White, Corinna Trujillo Tanner, and Jeremy Yorgason. "VISION IMPAIRMENT AND SOCIAL ISOLATION IN OLDER AFRICAN AMERICANS: THE IMPACT ON COGNITIVE DECLINE." Innovation in Aging 6, Supplement_1 (November 1, 2022): 651–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/geroni/igac059.2407.

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Abstract Evidence suggests a consistent correlation between vision impairments, social isolation, and cognitive decline. The National Eye Institute reports that African Americans have an increased risk of developing certain vision impairments such as cataracts, glaucoma, and diabetic retinopathy. At the same time, older African Americans often receive care from family members and this family care may act as a buffer against social isolation and resulting cognitive decline. Using data from 737 African Americans that participated in waves 5, 6, and 7 of the National Health and Aging Trends Study (NHATS), we explored associations between vision impairment, social isolation, and cognitive functioning. Results showed that vision impairment at round 5 was related to increased social isolation, and higher social isolation at round 5 was related to decreased delayed word recall scores at the same wave. No significant longitudinal associations were found between these constructs. Findings suggest that concurrent associations exist between sensory impairments, social isolation, and cognitive functioning, but that these relationships are not robust across time. Despite support provided by unpaid family caregivers, African American older adults with vision impairment are at an increased risk for concurrent social and cognitive challenges. It may be that family support of those with sensory impairments helps so that these impairments aren’t related to social isolation or cognitive functioning across time. Researchers and clinicians could benefit older African Americans with sensory impairments by providing and encouraging support during early stages of vision loss.

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Merten, Natascha, Amy Schultz, Matthew Walsh, Suzanne van Landingham, Paul Peppard, Carol Ryff, and Kristen Malecki. "Mental Health and Well-Being Among Individuals With a Sensory Loss During COVID-19 Lockdown Measures." Innovation in Aging 5, Supplement_1 (December 1, 2021): 407–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/geroni/igab046.1580.

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Abstract Hearing and vision impairment are highly prevalent chronic conditions and are associated with poorer mental health and well-being. Mental health problems may be exacerbated by COVID-19-related lockdown measures and limitations of in-person contacts may affect those with sensory impairments more severely. We aimed to determine whether hearing and/or visual impairment were associated with worse mental health and psychological well-being during lockdown measures in Spring/Summer 2020 in Wisconsin. We included 1341 (64% women, aged 20-92 years) Survey of the Health of Wisconsin participants of a COVID-19 survey (May-June, 2020). We assessed self-reported current mental health and psychological well-being and vision and hearing impairment. Logistic regression models with vision and hearing impairments as determinants and multiple mental health and well-being outcomes were used and adjusted for age, gender, race, education, heart disease, hypertension, hyperlipidemia and diabetes. In preliminary analyses, we found associations of vision impairment with increased odds of generalized anxiety disorder (odds ratio=2.10; 95% confidence interval=1.32-3.29) and depression (2.57; 1.58-4.11). Individuals with a vision impairment were more likely to be taking medication for depression (1.75; 1.13-2.68), report being lonely (1.65; 1.00-2.64) and report hopelessness (1.45; 1.01-2.08). Individuals with a hearing impairment were more likely to be taking depression medications (1.72; 1.07-2.73) and to report being lonely (1.80; 1.05-2.98). Sensory impairment was not associated with stress levels or sense of purpose in life. Individuals with sensory impairment may represent a particularly vulnerable population during the COVID-19 pandemic. Future research should determine underlying reasons and interventions to mitigate this populations’ disadvantages.

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Wood, Joanne M. "Vision Impairment and On-Road Driving." Annual Review of Vision Science 8, no. 1 (September 15, 2022): 195–216. http://dx.doi.org/10.1146/annurev-vision-100820-085030.

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Good vision is important for safe driving. The impact of vision impairment associated with common eye diseases on driving performance, and the association between vision measures and driving performance, are discussed. Studies include those where participants drove a real vehicle on a closed road or on public roads. Closed-road studies include evaluation of both simulated and true vision impairment and day- and night-time driving. Collectively, the findings provide important insights into the impact of refractive conditions, cataracts, glaucoma, age-related macular degeneration, and hemianopic field loss on driving; however, study results show varying impacts on driving performance and are often limited by small sample sizes. Vision measures including motion sensitivity, contrast sensitivity, and useful field of view have stronger associations with driving performance than do visual acuity or visual fields, with studies suggesting that some drivers with field loss can compensate for their field defects through increased eye and head movements.

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Huang, Alison, George Rebok, Nicholas Reed, Jonathan Suen, Bonnielin Swenor, Thomas Cudjoe, and Jennifer Deal. "FUNCTIONAL HEARING AND VISION IMPAIRMENT AND SOCIAL ISOLATION OVER 8 YEARS IN COMMUNITY-DWELLING OLDER ADULTS." Innovation in Aging 6, Supplement_1 (November 1, 2022): 135–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/geroni/igac059.538.

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Abstract One in four older adults experience social isolation. Sensory impairment is a potentially modifiable risk factor for social isolation. Little is known about the long-term impact of sensory impairment on social well-being. This study quantifies the longitudinal associations between hearing, vision, and concurrent hearing and vision impairment (dual sensory impairment) and social isolation over 8 years among older adults. Data were from the National Health and Aging Trends Study (NHATS), a nationally representative longitudinal study (2011- 2019) of U.S. Medicare beneficiaries. Social isolation was measured by a composite that incorporated four domains: living arrangement, core discussion network size, religious services attendance, and social participation. Baseline hearing and vision were measured by self-report. Associations between sensory impairments and odds of overall social isolation over 8 years were assessed using multivariate generalized logistic mixed models adjusted for demographic and health characteristics. Among 5,552 participants, 18.9% reported hearing impairment, 4.8% reported vision impairment, and 2.3% reported dual sensory impairment. Over 8 years, hearing impairment was associated with 28% greater odds of social isolation. Specifically, participants with hearing impairment were more likely to live alone and limit engagement in social activities. A similar pattern of association was observed for dual sensory impairment; however, estimates did not reach statistical significance. No association was observed between vision impairment and social isolation. Older adults with hearing impairment may be a clinically important subgroup to monitor for social isolation. Interventions for increasing social support and social participation may be especially valuable for older adults with hearing impairment.

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Yorgason, Jeremy, Corinna Trujillo Tanner, Stephanie Richardson, Allison Burch, Brian Stagg, and Melanie Hill. "Social Isolation as a Mechanism Linking Sensory Impairment With Cognitive Functioning." Innovation in Aging 4, Supplement_1 (December 1, 2020): 617. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/geroni/igaa057.2095.

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Abstract Hearing and vision loss have been linked with cognitive decline in older adults. There may be various pathways through which sensory impairments impact cognitive functioning. Sensory impairments may lead individuals to be less socially connected, which may impact cognitive functioning due to less cognitive stimulation. As such, sensory impairments and social isolation may cascade to negatively impact cognitive functioning. Using data from 8,334 individuals aged 65-90+ in waves 6, 7, and 8 of the NHATS study, we estimated a longitudinal mediation structural equation model. Findings indicate that both self-reported vision and hearing impairment in wave 6 of NHATS were linked to concurrent cognitive functioning through social isolation. Only hearing impairment demonstrated longitudinal impact through social isolation across 2 and 3 waves. Findings suggest that medical professionals working with older adults with vision or hearing impairment should assess social isolation, as a point of intervention to maintain cognitive function.

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Jenny, Bernhard, and Nathaniel Vaughn Kelso. "Color Design for the Color Vision Impaired." Cartographic Perspectives, no. 58 (September 1, 2007): 61–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.14714/cp58.270.

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Eight percent of men are affected by color vision impairment – they have difficulties distinguishing between colors and thus confuse certain colors that the majority of people see readily. Designers of maps and information graphics cannot disregard the needs of this relatively large group of media consumers. This article discusses the most common forms of color vision impairment, and introduces Color Oracle, a new software tool that assists the designer in verifying color schemes. Color Oracle filters maps and graphics in real-time and efficiently integrates with existing digital workflows. The paper also discusses color combinations and alternative visual variables for map symbology that those with color vision impairments can distinguish unambiguously. The presented techniques help the cartographer produce maps that are easy to read for those with color vision impairments and can still look good for those with normal color vision.

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Whitson, Heather. "Vision Impairment in Dementia Care." Innovation in Aging 5, Supplement_1 (December 1, 2021): 85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/geroni/igab046.325.

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Abstract Epidemiological evidence indicates that 3-4% of community-dwelling adults over age 65 years old have functionally limiting deficits in both vision and cognition. The comorbidity prevalence is higher in older age strata and in long-term care. Seniors with co-occurrence of vision impairment and dementia have six times higher odds of disability and higher average annual Medicare fee for service costs ($13,655 [95% confidence interval: $9,931-$18,798], compared to peers with dementia alone ($8,867 [95% confidence interval: $7,360-10,683]) or neither condition ($4,518 [95% confidence interval: $4,360-$4,682]). This talk will review evidence that people with early dementia and vision problems can experience improved function through appropriately tailored vision rehabilitation interventions. The talk will provide recommendations for unbiased cognitive assessment in visually impaired people. The session will outline research opportunities regarding the question of whether preventing or treating vision impairment may improve cognitive trajectories and neuropsychiatric symptoms in people with dementia.

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McKinzie, Charla A., Joann P. Reinhardt, and Dolores Benn. "Adaptation to Chronic Vision Impairment." Research on Aging 29, no. 2 (March 2007): 144–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0164027506294099.

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Twa, Michael D. "Assistive Technology for Vision Impairment." Optometry and Vision Science 95, no. 9 (September 2018): 689–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/opx.0000000000001300.

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Weih, LeAnn, Catherine A. McCarty, and Hugh R. Taylor. "Functional implications of vision impairment." Clinical and Experimental Ophthalmology 28, no. 3 (June 2000): 153–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1442-9071.2000.00303.x.

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Keeffe, Jill. "Psychosocial impact of vision impairment." International Congress Series 1282 (September 2005): 167–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ics.2005.06.005.

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Karvonen-Gutierrez, Carrie, Michelle Hood, Joshua Ehrlich, Richard Neitzel, and Kelly Ylitalo. "Sensory Impairment is Associated With Recurrent Falls: Study of Women’s Health Across the Nation." Innovation in Aging 5, Supplement_1 (December 1, 2021): 786. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/geroni/igab046.2901.

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Abstract This study evaluated the relationship between individual and combined sensory impairments (vision, hearing, peripheral nerve (PN)) with recurrent falls in the past year among 1951 women (mean age 65.6 years) from the Study of Women’s Health Across the Nation. Sensory impairments were defined as self-reported vision difficulty, hearing loss, or ≥4 on the Michigan Neuropathy Screening Instrument. Recurrent falls were defined as ≥2 self-reported falls. Hearing was the most commonly reported impairment (39.2%), followed by vision (22.1%) and PN (16.0%). Among those with any impairments, 7.0% of women reported impairments in all domains. Recurrent falls were more common among women with vision (19.4%), hearing (17.3%), or PN impairments (24.7%) as compared to women without sensory impairments (7.0%). The greatest burden of recurrent falls was among women with all three sensory impairments; one-third (34.6%) of women with vision, hearing and PN impairment were recurrent fallers. In an adjusted logistic regression model, vision, hearing, and PN impairments were associated with statistically significantly higher odds of recurrent falls in the past year (odds ratio (OR) = 1.58, 1.76, 2.11, respectively; all p<0.01), after adjustment for age, race/ethnicity, economic strain, and depressive symptoms. The presence of all three sensory impairments was associated with nearly 6-fold increased odds of recurrent falls (OR=5.65, 95% CI 3.25, 9.82) compared to women with no impairments. Sensory impairments often onset during mid-life and early late adulthood. This work demonstrates that these impairments are associated with falls and that women with impairments across multiple sensory domains are at greatest risk.

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Swenor, Bonnielin K., Jiangxia Wang, Varshini Varadaraj, Caterina Rosano, Kristine Yaffe, Marilyn Albert, and Eleanor M. Simonsick. "Vision Impairment and Cognitive Outcomes in Older Adults: The Health ABC Study." Journals of Gerontology: Series A 74, no. 9 (October 25, 2018): 1454–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/gerona/gly244.

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Abstract Background An association between visual impairment and cognitive outcomes has been documented, but there is limited research examining this relationship using multiple measures of vision. Methods Participants included non-demented individuals in Year 3 of the Visual impairment was assessed using visual acuity, contrast sensitivity, and stereo acuity. Cognitive function was defined using the digit symbol test and the Modified Mini-Mental State Examination (3MS). Incident cognitive impairment was defined as a 3MS score <80 or a decline >5 points following Year 3. Linear mixed effects models examined longitudinal associations adjusting for year, age, sex, race, education, smoking, depression, diabetes, study site, as well as interaction terms between the vision parameters and years in study, between baseline age and years in study, and quadratic terms of baseline age and years in study. Discrete Cox regression models examined the risk of incident cognitive impairment. Results Analyses included 2,444 participants (mean age = 74). Visual acuity, contrast sensitivity, and stereo acuity impairments were not associated with statistically significant changes in annual digit symbol test scores over 7 years of follow-up, as compared to those without these impairments. However, visual acuity, contrast sensitivity, and stereo acuity impairments were associated with greater declines in annual 3MS scores over 9 years. Participants with impaired visual acuity, contrast sensitivity, and stereo acuity had a greater risk of incident cognitive impairment. Conclusions Our results suggest that visual acuity, contrast sensitivity, and stereo acuity impairments may be risk factors for cognitive decline.

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Dullard, Brittney, and Gabrielle H. Saunders. "Documentation of Dual Sensory Impairment in Electronic Medical Records." Gerontologist 56, no. 2 (May 20, 2014): 313–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/geront/gnu032.

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Abstract Purpose of the Study: To examine the documentation of sensory impairment in the electronic medical records (EMRs) of Veterans with both hearing and vision losses (dual sensory impairment [DSI]). Design and Methods: A retrospective chart review of the EMRs of 20 patients with DSI was conducted. Providers’ documentation of the presence of sensory impairment, the use of assistive technology during clinical appointments, and the content of notes mentioning communication issues were extracted from each chart note in the EMR for the prior 6 years. Results: Primary care providers documented DSI in 50% of EMRs, vision loss alone in 40%, and hearing loss alone in 10% of EMRs. Audiologists documented vision loss in 50% of cases, whereas ophthalmologists/optometrists documented hearing loss in 15% of cases. Examination of two selected cases illustrates that care can be compromised when providers do not take note of sensory impairments during planning and provision of clinical care. Implications: Sensory impairment is poorly documented by most providers in EMRs. This is alarming because vision and hearing affect patient–physician communication and the use of medical interventions. The results of this study raise awareness about the need to document the presence of sensory impairments and use the information when planning treatment for individuals with DSI.

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Liljas, Ann E. M., Kate Walters, Cesar de Oliveira, S. Goya Wannamethee, Sheena E. Ramsay, and Livia A. Carvalho. "Self-Reported Sensory Impairments and Changes in Cognitive Performance: A Longitudinal 6-Year Follow-Up Study of English Community-Dwelling Adults Aged ⩾50 Years." Journal of Aging and Health 32, no. 5-6 (December 6, 2018): 243–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0898264318815391.

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Objective: To investigate the influence of single and dual sensory impairments prospectively on cognition in adults aged ⩾50 years. Method: Community-dwelling English adults ( n = 4,621) were followed up from 2008 to 2014. Self-reported hearing and vision were collected in 2008. Change in cognitive performance on working memory and executive function between 2008 and 2014 was evaluated. Results: Compared with good hearing and good vision, respectively, poor hearing and poor vision were associated with worse cognitive function (hearing: unstandardized coefficient B = 0.83, 95% Confidence Interval [CI] = [0.29, 1.37]; vision: B = 1.61, 95% CI = [0.92, 2.29] adjusted for age, sex, baseline cognition). Compared with no sensory impairment, dual sensory impairment was associated with worse cognition ( B = 2.30, 95% CI = [1.21, 3.39] adjusted for age, sex, baseline cognition). All associations remained after further adjustment for sociodemographic characteristics, lifestyle factors, chronic conditions, falls, mobility, depression, and lack of companionship. Discussion: The findings are important as age-related sensory impairments are often preventable or modifiable, which may prevent or delay cognitive impairment.

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Deardorff, William, Phillip liu, Richard Sloane, Courtney Van Houtven, Susan N. Hastings, Harvey J. Cohen, and Heather E. Whitson. "ASSOCIATION OF SENSORY AND COGNITIVE IMPAIRMENT WITH HEALTHCARE UTILIZATION AND COST IN MEDICARE BENEFICIARIES." Innovation in Aging 3, Supplement_1 (November 2019): S44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/geroni/igz038.170.

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Abstract The combination of sensory and cognitive impairment is increasingly prevalent among older adults and may be an important driver of healthcare cost due to functional disability and reduced self-care. This presentation focuses on the relationship between hearing and/or vision impairment and cognitive impairment with hospital admissions and healthcare cost using data from the Medicare Current Beneficiary Survey, a nationally representative sample of community-dwelling adults. We show that the presence of sensory impairment is associated with increased risk of hospitalization regardless of dementia status. In adjusted models, annual total healthcare costs were generally higher among those with sensory impairments compared to those without sensory impairments. We will also discuss work related to the development of a prognostic model that provides estimates of hospitalization risk among older adults with self-reported hearing and/or vision impairment. This model may help inform allocation of health care resources to those at highest risk for adverse outcomes.

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Hreha, Kimberly, Praveena Gupta, and Timothy Reistetter. "A case of comorbidities highlighting cerebral stroke, vision impairment, and dementia." SAGE Open Medical Case Reports 8 (January 2020): 2050313X2097524. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2050313x20975246.

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This case report is of a two-time stroke survivor with significant health comorbidities. This report highlights A.R.’s pre-existing, non-neurological vision impairments, stroke-related vision impairments, in addition to cognitive impairment and possible dementia. Information including her past medical history, current functional status, and battery of assessments that were used in the acute care hospital are detailed. Conclusions include the need for comprehensive, valid, and adapted assessments especially when comorbidities are present. We suggest that cognitive assessments that do not rely on vision may have improved the test accuracy in this case.

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McDonnall, Michele C., and Zhen S. McKnight. "The Association Between Presenting Visual Impairment, Health, and Employment Status." Journal of Visual Impairment & Blindness 115, no. 3 (May 2021): 204–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0145482x211016570.

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Introduction: The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of visual impairment and correctable visual impairment (i.e., uncorrected refractive errors) on being out of the labor force and on unemployment. The effect of health on labor force status was also investigated. Method: National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) data from 1999 to 2008 ( N = 15,650) was used for this study. Participants were classified into three vision status groups: normal, correctable visual impairment, and visual impairment. Statistical analyses utilized were chi-square and logistic regression. Results: Having a visual impairment was significantly associated with being out of the labor force, while having a correctable visual impairment was not. Conversely, having a correctable visual impairment was associated with unemployment, while having a visual impairment was not. Being out of the labor force was not significantly associated with health for those with a visual impairment, although it was for those with correctable visual impairments and normal vision. Discussion: Given previous research, it was surprising to find that health was not associated with being out of the labor force for those with visual impairments. Perhaps other disadvantages for the people with visual impairments identified in this study contributed to their higher out-of-the-labor-force rates regardless of health. Implications for practitioners: Researchers utilizing national data sets that rely on self-reports to identify visual impairments should realize that some of those who self-identify as being visually impaired may actually have correctable visual impairments. Current research is needed to understand why a majority of people with visual impairments are not seeking employment and have removed themselves from the labor force.

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Radžo Alibegović, Dženana, and Hurma Begić. "MOTORIC SPEED AND MANUAL DEXTERITY OF CHILDERN WITH IMPAIRED VISION." Journal Human Research in Rehabilitation 7, no. 1 (April 2017): 56–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.21554/hrr.041707.

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The aim of this study was to estimate the motoric speed and manual dexterity of children with visual impairments. The research is covered by a sample size of 35 participants with visual impairment, with ages between 7 and 15 years, of which 19 participants with visual impairment were male and 16 participants with impaired vision were female. The study was conducted in 17 primary schools in the municipality of Tuzla, Bosnia and Herzegovina. The results showed that the motoric speed and manual dexterity of children with visual impairment is evenly developed on the right and left hand, and also on both hands together and that there is a relationship between the motoric speed and manual dexterity of the right and left hand and both hands together

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Han, J. H., H. J. Lee, J. Jung, and E. C. Park. "Effects of self-reported hearing or vision impairment on depressive symptoms: a population-based longitudinal study." Epidemiology and Psychiatric Sciences 28, no. 03 (February 8, 2018): 343–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s2045796018000045.

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Aims.The aims of this study were to investigate the effects of either hearing, vision or dual sensory impairment on depressive symptoms and to identify subgroups that are vulnerable and significantly affected.Methods.Data from the 2006–2014 Korean Longitudinal Study of Aging (KLoSA) were used and a total of 5832 individuals were included in this study. Depressive symptoms were assessed using the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression (CES-D10) scale. Sensory impairment was assessed according to the levels of self-reported hearing or vision, which were categorised as either good (excellent, very good or good) or poor (fair or poor). The changes in hearing or vision from records of previous survey were investigated. Changes from good to poor, which indicates new onset, were defined as hearing impairment or vision impairment. Interactions of changes in hearing and vision were considered in the analysis. Dual sensory impairment was indicated when hearing impairment and vision impairment both developed at the same time. Demographic, socioeconomic and health-related factors were considered as potential confounders and were adjusted for in the generalised estimating equation model.Results.Individuals with hearing impairment demonstrated significantly more severe depressive symptoms [β = 0.434, standard errors (s.e.) = 0.097, p < 0.001] than those who had good hearing. Those with vision impairment also showed significantly elevated depressive symptoms (β = 0.253, s.e. = 0.058, p < 0.001) than those with good vision. When the interactions between hearing and vision were considered, participants with dual sensory impairment showed significantly more severe depressive symptoms (β = 0.768, s.e. = 0.197, p < 0.001) than those with good hearing and vision. The effect of a single and dual sensory impairment on depressive symptoms was significant in both sexes and across age groups, except for vision impairment in male participants.Conclusions.Hearing, vision and dual sensory impairment are significantly associated with depressive symptoms. Our results suggest that treatment or rehabilitation of either hearing or vision impairment would help prevent depression.

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Wilby, Emma. "Visual impairment service review." British Journal of Neuroscience Nursing 18, no. 4 (August 2, 2022): 165–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.12968/bjnn.2022.18.4.165.

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Aims: To assess the quality of documentation of patients with a visual impairment within a neurosurgery department to see if they have a corresponding vision alert within their medical notes. Methods: Retrospective case note analysis over 3 years of neurosurgical patients diagnosed with a space occupying lesion involving the anterior fossa near the optic apparatus was conducted. Post-surgical clinical assessment validated by formal visual assessment revealed 56 patients had a visual impairment diagnosis. Visual acuity and visual field mean deviations in the best eye were studied, along with the documentation of a vision alert. A total of nine patients did not meet the inclusion criteria and were removed from the study. Results: Out of 47 patients, four were found to have a severe sight impairment. Only 11 (23.40%) patients had a vision alert on their medical records. Out of the 47 patients with a visual impairment, three patients certified as sight impaired and severely sight impaired (75%) did not have a vision alert on their medical record. Conclusions: Although visual impairment was common in this study population, most patients had useful vision. Documentation to alert clinicians and carers about visual impairment was poor and needs improvement.

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Jacobson, Gary P., Devin L. McCaslin, and David M. Kaylie. "Alexander's Law Revisited." Journal of the American Academy of Audiology 19, no. 08 (September 2008): 630–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.3766/jaaa.19.8.6.

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Background: It is a common occurrence in the balance function laboratory to evaluate patients in the post-acute period following unilateral vestibular system impairment. It is important to be able to differentiate spontaneous nystagmus (SN) emanating from peripheral vestibular system impairments from asymmetric gaze-evoked nystagmus (GEN) that originates from central ocular motility impairment. Purpose: To describe the three elements of Alexander's Law (AL) that have been used to define SN from unilateral peripheral impairment. Additionally, a fourth element is described (i.e., augmentation of spontaneous nystagmus from unilateral peripheral vestibular system impairment) that differentiates nystagmus of peripheral vestibular system origin from nystagmus that originates from a central eye movement disorder. Research Design: Case reports Study Sample: Case data were obtained from two patients both showing a nystagmus that followed AL. Intervention: None Data Collection And Analysis: Videonystagmography (VNG), rotational, vestibular evoked myogenic potential (VEMP), and neuro-imaging studies were presented for each patient. Results: The nystagmus in Case 1 occurred as a result of a unilateral, peripheral, vestibular system impairment. The nystagmus was direction-fixed and intensified in the vision-denied condition. The nystagmus in Case 2, by appearance identical to that in Case 1, was an asymmetric gaze-evoked nystagmus originating from a space-occupying lesion in the cerebello-pontine angle. Unlike Case 1, the nystagmus did not augment in the vision-denied condition. Conclusions: Although nystagmus following AL usually occurs in acute peripheral vestibular system impairment, it can occur in cases of central eye movement impairment. The key element is whether the SN that follows AL is attenuated or augmented in the vision-denied condition. The SN from a unilateral peripheral vestibular system impairment should augment in the vision denied condition. An asymmetric GEN will either not augment, decrease in magnitude, or disappear entirely, in the vision-denied condition.

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Isjanovski, Igor, and Emilija Dashtevska Goshevska. "CORTICAL VISION IMPAIRMENT - A CASE REPORT." Academic Medical Journal 2, no. 1 (2022): 163–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.53582/amj2221163i.

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Piro, Anna, Antonio Tagarelli, Giuseppe Nicoletti, Robert Fletcher, and Aldo Quattrone. "Color Vision Impairment in Parkinson's Disease." Journal of Parkinson's Disease 4, no. 3 (2014): 317–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.3233/jpd-140359.

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McCarty, C. A. "Vision impairment predicts 5 year mortality." British Journal of Ophthalmology 85, no. 3 (March 1, 2001): 322–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bjo.85.3.322.

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Keeffe, J. E. "Vision impairment in the Pacific region." British Journal of Ophthalmology 86, no. 6 (June 1, 2002): 605–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bjo.86.6.605.

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Tepper, Lloyd B. "Color Vision Impairment and Alcohol Consumption." Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine 31, no. 11 (November 1989): 886. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00043764-198911000-00004.

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Godts, Daisy, Marie-José Tassignon, and Laure Gobin. "Binocular vision impairment after refractive surgery." Journal of Cataract & Refractive Surgery 30, no. 1 (January 2004): 101–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0886-3350(03)00412-7.

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Keeffe, JE, D. Lam, A. Cheung, T. Dinh, and CA McCarty. "Impact of vision impairment on functioning." Australian and New Zealand Journal of Ophthalmology 26 (May 1998): S16—S18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1442-9071.1998.tb01360.x.

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Vučinić, Vesna, Milica Gligorović, and Marija Anđelković. "Leisure in persons with vision impairment." Research in Developmental Disabilities 102 (July 2020): 103673. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ridd.2020.103673.

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Brown, Sandra M. "Binocular vision impairment after refractive surgery." Journal of Cataract & Refractive Surgery 31, no. 1 (January 2005): 13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jcrs.2004.11.029.

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Brown, Sandra M. "Binocular vision impairment after refractive surgery." Journal of Cataract & Refractive Surgery 31, no. 7 (July 2005): 1268–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jcrs.2005.06.024.

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Tassignon, Marie-Jose. "Binocular vision impairment after refractive surgery." Journal of Cataract & Refractive Surgery 31, no. 7 (July 2005): 1269. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jcrs.2005.06.025.

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Yuki, Kenya, and Ryo Asaoka. "Vision Impairment in Elderly and Fall." Japanese Journal of Rehabilitation Medicine 55, no. 11 (November 16, 2018): 921–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.2490/jjrmc.55.921.

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Mergler, Donna, Lucie Blain, Jacques Lemaire, and France Lalande. "Colour vision impairment and alcohol consumption." Neurotoxicology and Teratology 10, no. 3 (May 1988): 255–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0892-0362(88)90025-6.

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Keeffe, Jill Elizabeth. "Vision Impairment and Chronic Health Conditions." JAMA Ophthalmology 133, no. 11 (November 1, 2015): 1275. http://dx.doi.org/10.1001/jamaophthalmol.2015.3494.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Vision impairment'

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