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1
Rodríguez-Echeverría, María Alejandra, and Angélica María Páez-Castro. "Access barriers to visual health." Ciencia & Tecnología para la Salud Visual y Ocular 16, no. 1 (2018): 95–109. http://dx.doi.org/10.19052/sv.5057.
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A number of factors and conditions hinder and restrict access to the health care system and its different services; these barriers to access put at risk the health of people by affecting adequate processes. Objective: To carry out a literature review on barriers to access to the health care system and visual health services in Colombia and around the world. Methodology: A literature review was carried out based on a search of the Medline, ScienceDirect, and Pubmed databases, as well as indexed public health journals and the websites of the Local Health Authority, the World Health Organization, the Pan American Health Organization, the UNESCO, and the Brien Holden Vision Institute. Results: The main barriers related to demand, both in general services and in visual health, are the lack of perception on the need for service and lack of economic resources; at the offer level, the existing policies constitute a real obstacle. Conclusions: Awareness-raising in the population, together with the implementation of health policies that grant equal access to health care services, are fundamental to prevent people from being affected, to a large extent, by barriers related to demand or offer, regardless of their location or level of income.
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Yukins, Elizabeth. "An “Artful Juxtaposition on the Page”: Memory, Perception, and Cubist Technique in Ralph Ellison's Juneteenth." PMLA/Publications of the Modern Language Association of America 119, no. 5 (2004): 1247–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1632/s0030812900101725.
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While scholars have appreciated the influence of jazz on Ralph Ellison's compositional strategies, this essay examines how Ellison's interest in the visual idiom of modernism—namely, cubism—influenced the prose style of his posthumously published novel Juneteenth. Evidenced by his friendship with Romare Bearden and his expressed fascination with the visual arts, Ellison's knowledge of cubist practice informed his textual experiments with time, space, and the narrative rendering of memory. Cubist techniques such as fragmentation and the combining of multiple perspectives offered Ellison formal methods to configure the complex consciousness of his main characters and the vexed history of race relations in America. His literary and political visions meet in the mercurial relation between fragmentation and pluralism, for in his multifaceted, nonlinear prose one sees the fraught simultaneity of past and present, memory and vision, historical violence and continued democratic aspiration.
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Gibert, Teresa. "Margaret Atwood’s Visions and Revisions of "The Wizard of Oz"." Journal of English Studies 17 (December 18, 2019): 175. http://dx.doi.org/10.18172/jes.3578.
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L. Frank Baum’s The Wonderful Wizard of Oz (1900) and Victor Fleming’s film The Wizard of Oz (1939) play an important intertextual role in Margaret Atwood’s critical and fictional writings. Atwood has often been inspired by both versions of this modern fairy tale and has drawn attention to the main issues it raises (e.g. the transformative power of words, gendered power relationships, the connection between illusion and reality, the perception of the artist as a magician, and different notions of home). She has creatively explored and exploited themes, settings, visual motifs, allegorical content and characters (Dorothy, her three companions, the Wizard and the witches, especially Glinda the Good and the Wicked Witch of the West), subversively adapting her literary borrowings with a parodic twist and satirical intent. Parts of Life Before Man (1979) may be interpreted as a rewrite of a story defined by Atwood as “the great American witchcraft classic”.
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Brock, John F., Robert E. Llaneras, and Robert W. Swezey. "Older Commercial Drivers: Literature Review." Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting 40, no. 18 (1996): 929–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/154193129604001814.
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This paper reports on a comprehensive literature review of the older driver and older commercial driver literature. The review included sources of data from private and government data bases, empirical research published in public journals, and existing commercial vehicle driving task analyses. The review uncovered key abilities which degrade with age, including: static visual acuity, dynamic visual acuity, contrast sensitivity, useful field of vision, field dependence, depth perception, glare sensitivity, night vision, audition, reaction time, multilimb coordination, control precision, decision-making, selective attention, and attention sharing. The review also sought to identify which of those abilities might effect the performance of critical commercial driving tasks. Although much investigation has been done of older person abilities, most of the studies have looked at persons in either medical or judicial systems. We found little data on driving degradation of older but healthy drivers.
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Tavel, Ronald. "Disputing the Canon of American Dramatic ‘Literature’." New Theatre Quarterly 13, no. 49 (1997): 18–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0266464x00010769.
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In this article, Ronald Tavel argues that the commercial American theatre, endorsed by the American educational system and theatrical establishment, has never nurtured a vision of the scripted play as art – and has consequently produced no single example of it. The nation's genuine playwrights who saw their tasks as makers of art have, he claims, been neglected throughout American history, and left to wither in the wings. In the 1960s, Ronald Tavel founded and named the still-extant Theatre of The Ridiculous, and has written forty produced plays, a number of which have been translated into a dozen languages and staged in four continents. He has written and directed thirteen films for Andy Warhol: ten of these have recently been restored for international distribution by the New York Museum of Modern Art, and all are to be collected for publication later this year by Sun and Moon Press, Los Angeles. Ronald Tavel lives in Taipei, but is currently teaching a course on Warhol and the filmmaker-architect Jack Smith at the Art Centre College of Design in California. The American Institute in Taiwan selected the article which follows as the keynote address at the Seventeenth Annual Convention of the American Studies Association of the Republic of China.
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Maloney, Laurence T., and Kenneth Knoblauch. "Measuring and Modeling Visual Appearance." Annual Review of Vision Science 6, no. 1 (2020): 519–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1146/annurev-vision-030320-041152.
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In studying visual perception, we seek to develop models of processing that accurately predict perceptual judgments. Much of this work is focused on judgments of discrimination, and there is a large literature concerning models of visual discrimination. There are, however, non-threshold visual judgments, such as judgments of the magnitude of differences between visual stimuli, that provide a means to bridge the gap between threshold and appearance. We describe two such models of suprathreshold judgments, maximum likelihood difference scaling and maximum likelihood conjoint measurement, and review recent literature that has exploited them.
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Troscianko, Tom, Christopher P. Benton, P. George Lovell, David J. Tolhurst, and Zygmunt Pizlo. "Camouflage and visual perception." Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 364, no. 1516 (2008): 449–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rstb.2008.0218.
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How does an animal conceal itself from visual detection by other animals? This review paper seeks to identify general principles that may apply in this broad area. It considers mechanisms of visual encoding, of grouping and object encoding, and of search. In most cases, the evidence base comes from studies of humans or species whose vision approximates to that of humans. The effort is hampered by a relatively sparse literature on visual function in natural environments and with complex foraging tasks. However, some general constraints emerge as being potentially powerful principles in understanding concealment—a ‘constraint’ here means a set of simplifying assumptions. Strategies that disrupt the unambiguous encoding of discontinuities of intensity (edges), and of other key visual attributes, such as motion, are key here. Similar strategies may also defeat grouping and object-encoding mechanisms. Finally, the paper considers how we may understand the processes of search for complex targets in complex scenes. The aim is to provide a number of pointers towards issues, which may be of assistance in understanding camouflage and concealment, particularly with reference to how visual systems can detect the shape of complex, concealed objects.
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Noman, Samer Abduljabar, and Mostafa Ibrahim Shindy. "Immediate Surgical Management of Traumatic Dislocation of the Eye Globe into the Maxillary Sinus: Report of a Rare Case and Literature Review." Craniomaxillofacial Trauma & Reconstruction 10, no. 2 (2017): 151–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0036-1584393.
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We report a case of complete dislocation of the globe into the maxillary sinus, with immediate repositioning of the globe. This report highlights the importance of early surgical repair of orbital fracture and globe repositioning to regain the maximum amount of ocular functions. A review of literature found 19 cases of globe dislocation into the maxillary sinus: One case was enucleated 2 months after misdiagnosis as traumatic enucleation, six cases were documented no vision or no light perception, three cases did not have reported vision (patients did not survive), and nine cases with postoperative vision. We recommend early surgical intervention to restore the cosmetic and visual function of the dislocated eye.
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Ilchuk, Yuliya. "Hearing the voice of Donbas: art and literature as forms of cultural protest during war." Nationalities Papers 45, no. 2 (2017): 256–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00905992.2016.1249835.
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This paper analyzes literary, visual, and street art works of writers and artists from Eastern Ukraine produced during 2014. Two Donetsk artists, Serhii Zakharov and Anzhela Dzherikh, and two Luhansk writers, Serhii Zhadan and Olena Stepova, play with the myth of the proletarian Donbas, on the one hand, and debunk the popular perception of Donbas people as being in consent with the politics of the self-proclaimed Donetsk and Luhansk People's Republics, on the other. They explore familiar tropes and images of Donbas and use guerrilla tactics (shock effects, provocativeness, and deception) to initiate public reaction to the war. Their works are united by their search for a shared communication space and direct access to the audience on occupied territories. These artists challenge the accepted perception of Donbas as a free but uncivilized space and participate in the creation of a new Donbas text. The interaction between politics, art, and activism makes their voices and vision powerful and infectious and can help achieve civic consolidation in Donbas.
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Walkiewicz-Krutak, Małgorzata, and Małgorzata Paplińska. "The specific nature of difficulties in visual perception resulting from childhood brain tumors." Special School LXXX, no. 4 (2019): 268–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0013.4623.
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The analyses presented in the article aim to investigate the specific nature of visual problems in a young child whose visual disability results from a brain tumor. The article presents a case study on difficulties in using vision and visual perception development in an almost 4-year-old boy with a brain tumor. It refers to knowledge concerning visual problems in children with brain tumors that is available in source materials and presents a detailed description of difficulties in visual reception and perception in a boy whose visual problems result from cancer. This description was made based on the results of a functional vision assessment. Decreased visual acuity, reduced visual fields, abnormalities in the development of oculomotor functions, lack of spatial vision, and difficulties in visual perception were found in the boy. Both the analysis of medical literature presented in the paper and the results of the boy's functional vision assessment suggest possible development of visual functioning disorders secondary to a brain tumor, such as decreased visual acuity and reduced visual fields, which determine visual abilities and have an adverse impact on the development of visual perception in early life. Based on the analysis of an individual situation, the description of difficulties in visual functioning suggests there is a risk of similar impairments in children with brain tumors.
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Abuzayed, Bashar, Khaled Alawneh, Majdi Al-Qawasmeh, Sohaib Al-Khatib, Marwa Barukba, and Liqaa Raffee. "Ganglioglioma of optic chiasma: A case report and review of literature." Surgical Neurology International 11 (November 18, 2020): 392. http://dx.doi.org/10.25259/sni_496_2020.
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Background: Gangliogliomas are neoplasms containing both astrocytic and neuronal components. We present a case of gangliogliomas of the optic chiasm, which are extremely rare pathologies. Case Description: A 16-year-old female patient referred to our clinic with gradual deterioration of vision for the age of 1 year mostly in the right eye. Ophthalmic examination confirmed reduced visual acuity with only perception of light in the left eye. Brain magnetic resonance imaging showed a solid mass lesion involving the hypothalamus and the optic chiasm, which was hypointense on T1-weighted images, hyperintense on T2-WI, and marked homogenous contrast enhancement. The patient was operated and bulging of the optic chiasm and the site of lamina terminalis was seen. Subtotal resection of the tumor was achieved. Histopathological examination revealed ganglioglioma (WHO Grade I). Follow-up of the patient was for 3 years and 8 months with stable neurologic and radiologic findings. Conclusion: To the best of our knowledge, 20 cases, including ours, have been reported in the literature and a presurgical diagnosis of ganglioglioma is very infrequent with confused radiologically with low-grade pilocytic astrocytomas.
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Lange-Küttner, Chris. "Disappearance of Biased Visual Attention in Infants: Remediated Tonic Neck Reflex or Maturating Visual Asymmetry?" Perceptual and Motor Skills 125, no. 5 (2018): 839–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0031512518786131.
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Typically, infants younger than four months fail to attend to the left side of their spatial field, most likely due to an innate asymmetrical tonic neck reflex (ATNR). In a critical transition, by four months of age, infants begin to reach and develop depth perception; and, by five months, they tend to monitor the entire spatial field. However, this developmental transition can be delayed. Moreover, there is always a residual right-sided spatial bias under cognitive load, a phenomenon that may also occur among adult stroke patients. While causative factors of biased visual attention in both infants and brain-injured adults may vary, mechanisms of remediation may be similar. This literature review addresses whether the infant’s emergence of attention toward a full visual spatial field and the associated shift from monocular to binocular vision occurs because of (a) increased left side reaching, loosening the rarely mentioned high muscle tension ATNR or (b) maturational resolution of visual asymmetry in motion perception. More research is needed to investigate the origins of the infants’ visual control system and factors involved in its development, especially because Alzheimer and dementia patients may also show primitive two-dimensional vision and deficits in perceiving objects-in-motion that seem to mirror infant visual perception.
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Spence, Charles. "Shitsukan — the Multisensory Perception of Quality." Multisensory Research 33, no. 7 (2020): 737–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/22134808-bja10003.
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Abstract We often estimate, or perceive, the quality of materials, surfaces, and objects, what the Japanese refer to as ‘shitsukan’, by means of several of our senses. The majority of the literature on shitsukan perception has, though, tended to focus on the unimodal visual evaluation of stimulus properties. In part, this presumably reflects the widespread hegemony of the visual in the modern era and, in part, is a result of the growing interest, not to mention the impressive advances, in digital rendering amongst the computer graphics community. Nevertheless, regardless of such an oculocentric bias in so much of the empirical literature, it is important to note that several other senses often do contribute to the impression of the material quality of surfaces, materials, and objects as experienced in the real world, rather than just in virtual reality. Understanding the multisensory contributions to the perception of material quality, especially when combined with computational and neural data, is likely to have implications for a number of fields of basic research as well as being applicable to emerging domains such as, for example, multisensory augmented retail, not to mention multisensory packaging design.
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Bermúdez, Víctor. "Perception et mouvement dans la poésie de Gilles Cyr." Çédille, no. 18 (2020): 337–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.25145/j.cedille.2020.18.14.
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The study addresses the sensory universe of Cyr's poetry through the paradigms of neurophysiology of visual and motor perception and the phenomenology of movement. More specifically, the notions of “visual percepts” and “visuomotor representations” are examined in the text according to the specific singularities of the poetic language of Gilles Cyr, where the relationship of the body with the unknown also occupies a relevant place. Similarly, the distinction between “epistemic vision” and “non-epistemic” is taken into account throughout this study. The analysis takes into account the reflections of lite-rary criticism related to the treatment of space and movement, as well as the epistemolo-gical level of this poetry.
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Sughrue, Michael E., Michael W. McDermott, and Andrew T. Parsa. "Vision salvage after resection of a giant meningioma in a patient with a loss in light perception." Journal of Neurosurgery 110, no. 1 (2009): 109–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.3171/2008.7.jns08260.
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Clinical approaches to the surgical management of optic chiasm compression stress quick action, as several case series have demonstrated minimal vision restoration following aggressive decompression in patients presenting more than 3 days after the onset of blindness. The authors here report the case of a 48-year-old woman who presented with near-complete binocular vision loss but regained visual function following surgical removal of a giant planum-tuberculum meningioma, which was performed 8 days after a documented loss in light perception. The interval between the patient's vision loss and successful vision-restoring decompressive surgery is the longest recorded to date in the literature. This case shows the importance of aggressive decompression of mass lesions despite extended intervals of optic nerve dysfunction.
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Pfeiffer, Margaret L., Alexander Hacopian, Helen Merritt, Margaret E. Phillips, and Karina Richani. "Complete Vision Loss following Orbital Cellulitis Secondary to Acute Dacryocystitis." Case Reports in Ophthalmological Medicine 2016 (2016): 1–3. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2016/9630698.
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We present a case of a 50-year-old woman with acute dacryocystitis that was complicated by posterior rupture of the lacrimal sac causing an orbital cellulitis with subsequent visual acuity of no light perception. Upon presentation, she was immediately started on broad-spectrum antibiotics and underwent surgical incision and drainage of the lacrimal sac abscess but never regained vision. There are 4 cases in the literature of permanent severe vision loss from acute dacryocystitis. Prompt diagnosis and close monitoring of acute dacryocystitis are therefore essential to prevent extension into the orbit and possible optic nerve compromise.
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Faber, Pamela, and Celia Wallhead. "The lexical field of visual perception in The French Lieutenant's Woman by John Fowles." Language and Literature: International Journal of Stylistics 4, no. 2 (1995): 127–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/096394709500400203.
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In The French Lieutenant's Woman the lexical field of visual perception is strongly foregrounded. The appearance of so many significant vision words, both the superordinate terms and their hyponyms, is related to the creation of the characters and to the development of the narrative. This article sets out the lexical field of visual perception, its hierarchies, oppositions and metaphorical projections, both at the beginning and in the appendices, showing how this semantic domain is covered in the novel. We go on to suggest that this foregrounding has a literary purpose, and indicate five distinct functions. It can also be explained by the peculiar genesis of this novel as a visual image, attested to by Fowles himself. The novelist's use of visual perception terms throws light on how a postmodem writer of self-conscious fiction works through making choices inside and outside restricted fields.
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Bonner, Thomas, and William Bedford Clark. "The American Vision of Robert Penn Warren." South Central Review 9, no. 4 (1992): 89. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3189488.
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Fu, Qinbing, Hongxin Wang, Cheng Hu, and Shigang Yue. "Towards Computational Models and Applications of Insect Visual Systems for Motion Perception: A Review." Artificial Life 25, no. 3 (2019): 263–311. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/artl_a_00297.
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Motion perception is a critical capability determining a variety of aspects of insects' life, including avoiding predators, foraging, and so forth. A good number of motion detectors have been identified in the insects' visual pathways. Computational modeling of these motion detectors has not only been providing effective solutions to artificial intelligence, but also benefiting the understanding of complicated biological visual systems. These biological mechanisms through millions of years of evolutionary development will have formed solid modules for constructing dynamic vision systems for future intelligent machines. This article reviews the computational motion perception models originating from biological research on insects' visual systems in the literature. These motion perception models or neural networks consist of the looming-sensitive neuronal models of lobula giant movement detectors (LGMDs) in locusts, the translation-sensitive neural systems of direction-selective neurons (DSNs) in fruit flies, bees, and locusts, and the small-target motion detectors (STMDs) in dragonflies and hoverflies. We also review the applications of these models to robots and vehicles. Through these modeling studies, we summarize the methodologies that generate different direction and size selectivity in motion perception. Finally, we discuss multiple systems integration and hardware realization of these bio-inspired motion perception models.
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Brodoehl, Stefan, Carsten Klingner, Denise Schaller, and Otto W. Witte. "Plasticity During Short-Term Visual Deprivation." Zeitschrift für Psychologie 224, no. 2 (2016): 125–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1027/2151-2604/a000246.
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Abstract. During everyday experiences, people sometimes close their eyes to better understand spoken words, to listen to music, or when touching textures and objects. A plausible explanation for this observation is that a reversible loss of vision changes the perceptual function of the remaining non-deprived sensory modalities. Within this work, we discuss general aspects of the effects of visual deprivation on the perceptual performance of the non-deprived sensory modalities with a focus on the time dependency of these modifications. In light of ambiguous findings concerning the effects of short-term visual deprivation and because recent literature provides evidence that the act of blindfolding can change the function of the non-deprived senses within seconds, we performed additional psychophysiological and functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) analysis to provide new insight into this matter. Eye closure for several seconds led to a substantial impact on tactile perception probably caused by an unmasking of preformed neuronal pathways.
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Batty, Clare. "A Representational Account of Olfactory Experience." Canadian Journal of Philosophy 40, no. 4 (2010): 511–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00455091.2010.10716733.
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Seattle rain smelled different from New Orleans rain…. New Orleans rain smelled of sulfur and hibiscus, trumpet metal, thunder, and sweat. Seattle rain, the widespread rain of the Great Northwest, smelled of green ice and sumi ink, of geology and silence and minnow breath.— Tom Robbins, Jitterbug PerfumeMuch of the philosophical literature on perception has focused on vision. This is not surprising, given that vision holds for us a certain prestige. Our visual experience is incredibly rich, offering up a mosaic of apparent three-dimensional objects. For this reason, it is commonplace to suppose that visual experience is world-directed, with the view taking its most popular form in the representational, or content, view. World-directed views contrast with what we might call subjectivist views — views according to which experiences are raw feels or mere sensations.
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Chalupa, Leo M., and Bogdan Dreher. "High Precision Systems Require High Precision “Blueprints”: A New View Regarding the Formation of Connections in the Mammalian Visual System." Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience 3, no. 3 (1991): 209–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/jocn.1991.3.3.209.
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It is well established that early in development interconnections within the mammalian visual system are often more widespread and less precise than at maturity. The literature dealing with the formation of visual connections has largely ignored differences in developmental specificity among species differing in their phylogenetic status and/or the visual ecological niche that they occupy. Based on a review of the available evidence, we have formulated an hypothesis to account for the varying degrees of developmental specificity that characterize different visual systems. It is suggested that extremely precise systems required for high-acuity binocular vision exhibit fewer presumed developmental errors than do visual systems characterized by poorer acuity and relatively crude depth perception. The developmental implications of the hypothesis are considered, and specific experiments are proposed to further test its validity.
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Dunat, Silvana. "Film space as mental space." Semiotica 2015, no. 207 (2015): 475–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/sem-2015-0039.
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AbstractThis paper explores the hypothesis that the three-dimensionality and continuity of film space is a mental construct based on our perception of the images projected on the screen and our knowledge of/about the world and our knowledge of/about film. Starting from Alberti’s (1804 [1435]) visual pyramid as a geometric representation of the vision of a stationary observer, such as a painter, and Gardies’ (1993) mirror ball representing the vision of a dynamic spectator, such as a camera, the paper proposes a new schema aiming to explain how the three spaces – real, virtual, and mental – participate in the construction of film meaning.
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Mańkowska, Maja, Tatiana Poliszczuk, Dmytro Poliszczuk, and Monika Johne. "Visual Perception And Its Effect On Reaction Time And Time-Movement Anticipation In Elite Female Basketball Players." Polish Journal of Sport and Tourism 22, no. 1 (2015): 3–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/pjst-2015-0008.
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Abstract Introduction. The efficient collection and analysis of information from both the central and the peripheral field of vision may affect human coordination motor abilities. An analysis of the literature on the subject suggests that coordination motor abilities interact with one another, and it is only their combined effect that allows athletes to achieve technical mastery. The main aim of the study was to assess specific coordination motor abilities and to determine how visual perception and reaction time correlate with time-movement anticipation in elite female basketball players. Material and methods. The study participants comprised 17 female basketball players from the Polish National Team aged 18.1 ± 0.8 years. The study involved three ability tests from the Vienna Test System: the Reaction Test (RT, S1), the Peripheral Perception test (PP), and the Time/Movement Anticipation test (ZBA, S2). Results. The analysis of the results obtained proves that the best-developed ability in participants is reaction time, while the other abilities show average development. Study participants were able to develop their response abilities to such high levels by means of practice. A correlation coefficient was found between motor time and tracking deviation (r=0.56), and between time anticipation and the number of correct responses to stimuli appearing in the left (r=0.92) and right (r=0.88) field of vision. Athletes who achieved better results in time anticipation omitted fewer visual stimuli (r=0.7) in the peripheral field of vision. Statistically significant correlations were observed between movement anticipation and reaction time to stimuli in the central field of vision (r=0.58). Conclusions. Perception abilities have a significant effect on time anticipation. The range of one's field of vision does not determine the reaction time to a visual stimulus. Perception efficiency and divided attention, in conjunction with time and movement anticipation, create a complex of specific psychomotor abilities that is indispensable for achieving success in team sports.
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Banda, Himanshu K., Sabin Dang, Anjali G. Shah, and Gaurav K. Shah. "Bilateral Solar Retinopathy After Gazing at the Great American Eclipse." Journal of VitreoRetinal Diseases 2, no. 5 (2018): 316–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2474126418788495.
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Purpose: We report a case of bilateral solar retinopathy following the Great American Eclipse on August 21, 2017. We summarize findings on multimodal imaging and risk factors associated with solar retinopathy. Methods: A teenage boy presented with painless vision loss 4 days following viewing a total solar eclipse. Funduscopic examination, optical coherence tomography, and fluorescein angiography revealed findings characteristic of solar retinopathy. Multifocal electroretinography was also performed. We add to the literature the first reported case of solar retinopathy following the Great American Eclipse. Results: The patient was observed with serial examinations over several weeks. Gradual trend toward visual recovery was noted on imaging. Conclusions: In combination with clinical history of sungazing and funduscopic examination, distinct findings on imaging help secure a diagnosis of solar retinopathy. Visual symptoms in solar retinopathy generally improve over time. Appropriate protective measures with counseling and filtered eyewear are recommended for eclipse viewers.
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Rehman, Syed Nazeebur, and Mohameed Ali Hussain. "Fuzzy C-Means Algorithm Based Satellite Image Segmentation." Indonesian Journal of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science 9, no. 2 (2018): 332. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/ijeecs.v9.i2.pp332-334.
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In this paper, an improved version of Fuzzy C-Means (FCM) algorithm is proposed efficiently to segment the satellite images. Segmentation of Image is one of the promising and active researches in recent years. As literature prove that region segmentation will produce better results. Human visual perception is more effective than any machine vision systems for extracting semantic information from image. A FCM algorithm is developed to estimate parameters of the prior probabilities and likelihood probabilities. So FCM algorithm is used for segmenting background and island extraction is done based on pixel intensity. Finally Peak Signal to Noise Ratio (PSNR) is calculated and it has better results than other.
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Mir, Shabir Ahmed, and T. Padma. "Review About Various Satellite Image Segmentation." Indonesian Journal of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science 9, no. 3 (2018): 633. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/ijeecs.v9.i3.pp633-636.
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<p>In this paper, a review about different algorithm is proposed efficiently to segment the satellite images. Segmentation of Image is one of the promising and active researches in recent years. As literature prove that region segmentation will produce better results. Human visual perception is more effective than any machine vision systems for extracting semantic information from image. There are various segmentation techniques are available. Fuzzy C Means (FCM), Expectation Minimization (EM) and K-Means algorithm is developed to estimate parameters of the prior probabilities and likelihood probabilities. Finally Peak Signal to Noise Ratio (PSNR) is calculated for all the algorithms and reviewed.</p>
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Kamionowski, Jerzy. "“By [some] other means”: Talking (about) Racism and Race through Visual Arts in Claudia Rankine’s Citizen. An American Lyric." Text Matters, no. 10 (November 24, 2020): 392–407. http://dx.doi.org/10.18778/2083-2931.10.21.
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Claudia Rankine’s Citizen. An American Lyric is a perplexing work of literature both because of its original presentation of the issue of racism in the US today and the original formal ways through which its message is communicated. It is formally innovative and technically experimental in an unusual “average reader”-friendly manner, situating itself a world apart from postmodern “poetics of interruption and illegibility” (Davidson 602). Paradoxically, being almost a poem with a purpose, it expands existing categories. Its sociological orientation and emphasis on poetic language’s capacity to inform, instruct, emotionally move and morally engage the reader goes together with activating more experimental formal strategies, as it merges a variety of media: there are examples of spectacular instances of racism, represented by the photographs, and in a series of scripts for Situation videos made by the author in collaboration with her husband John Lucas. This article demonstrates how formal engagement with the visual arts may serve the purpose of stigmatizing racism and making poetry matter within the field of current public debate on important cultural, social and political problems discussed in historical contexts of racism-cum-race. The conceptualization of the issues discussed here is based on the notion of “seeing through race” (introduced into the field of study of the visual arts and literature by W. J. T. Mitchell in 2012), which has changed the perception of the relationship between race and racism.
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Mantoan, Lindsey. "The utopic vision of OSF’s Oklahoma!: Recuperative casting practices and queering early American history1." Studies in Musical Theatre 15, no. 1 (2021): 41–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1386/smt_00054_1.
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In the spring of 2018, the Oregon Shakespeare Festival (OSF) realized artistic director Bill Rauch’s decades-long dream: to produce a queer, interracial Oklahoma!. The production participates in a new practice of recasting history through musical theatre, and does so through an innovative approach to representation and character. OSF’s production reimagined Curly as a queer Black woman; the matriarch of the town, Aunt Eller, as a trans woman; and the secondary romantic couple, Will Parker and Ado Annie (here Ado Andy), as an interracial, gay male partnership. This alteration of the characters’ identities takes a bold new step in the trajectory of theatrical casting practices, challenging the entrenched white supremacy and patriarchy of the theatre industry. In this article, I situate OSF’s method of casting Oklahoma!, which I call ‘recuperative casting’, in the landscape of broader discourse related to casting and musicals that represent US history; I argue that this casting strategy seeks to remedy the whitewashing typical of productions of canonical musicals.
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Fletcher, Robert P. "Visual Thinking and the Picture Story in The History of Henry Esmond." PMLA/Publications of the Modern Language Association of America 113, no. 3 (1998): 379–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/463347.
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This essay argues that Thackeray's unillustrated three-volume novel The History of Henry Esmond is shaped by modes of perception and representation nascent in the visual culture of nineteenth-century England and epitomized in the comic strip. Through one of Thackeray's own picture stories, it first describes the ekphrastic basis of his narrative imagination and then contextualizes his visual thinking by relating his journalistic reflections on images in society to recent cultural histories of visual experience. Subsequently, the essay demonstrates that Henry Esmond, a seemingly monumental historical novel, is structured by the fractured syntax of the comic picture story and that the picture story's revisionist impulse decenters the autobiographical subject, Henry Esmond, and highlights the heuristic function of his narrative. The argument concludes by revisiting Thackeray's meditations on the picture story, the railroad, and modernity, suggesting that his texts—both picture stories and this bildungsroman—foreground a transformative vision and thus reveal the contingency of subjectivity.
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JERGER, SUSAN, MARKUS F. DAMIAN, NANCY TYE-MURRAY, and HERVÉ ABDI. "Children perceive speech onsets by ear and eye." Journal of Child Language 44, no. 1 (2016): 185–215. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s030500091500077x.
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AbstractAdults use vision to perceive low-fidelity speech; yet how children acquire this ability is not well understood. The literature indicates that children show reduced sensitivity to visual speech from kindergarten to adolescence. We hypothesized that this pattern reflects the effects of complex tasks and a growth period with harder-to-utilize cognitive resources, not lack of sensitivity. We investigated sensitivity to visual speech in children via the phonological priming produced by low-fidelity (non-intact onset) auditory speech presented audiovisually (see dynamic face articulate consonant/rhyme b/ag; hear non-intact onset/rhyme: –b/ag) vs. auditorily (see still face; hear exactly same auditory input). Audiovisual speech produced greater priming from four to fourteen years, indicating that visual speech filled in the non-intact auditory onsets. The influence of visual speech depended uniquely on phonology and speechreading. Children – like adults – perceive speech onsets multimodally. Findings are critical for incorporating visual speech into developmental theories of speech perception.
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Rovit, Earl, and Lois Parkinson Zamora. "Writing the Apocalypse: Historical Vision in Contemporary U.S. and Latin American Fiction." South Central Review 7, no. 4 (1990): 117. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3189116.
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Dykstra, Andrew R., Peter A. Cariani, and Alexander Gutschalk. "A roadmap for the study of conscious audition and its neural basis." Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 372, no. 1714 (2017): 20160103. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rstb.2016.0103.
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How and which aspects of neural activity give rise to subjective perceptual experience—i.e. conscious perception—is a fundamental question of neuroscience. To date, the vast majority of work concerning this question has come from vision, raising the issue of generalizability of prominent resulting theories. However, recent work has begun to shed light on the neural processes subserving conscious perception in other modalities, particularly audition. Here, we outline a roadmap for the future study of conscious auditory perception and its neural basis, paying particular attention to how conscious perception emerges (and of which elements or groups of elements) in complex auditory scenes. We begin by discussing the functional role of the auditory system, particularly as it pertains to conscious perception. Next, we ask: what are the phenomena that need to be explained by a theory of conscious auditory perception? After surveying the available literature for candidate neural correlates, we end by considering the implications that such results have for a general theory of conscious perception as well as prominent outstanding questions and what approaches/techniques can best be used to address them. This article is part of the themed issue ‘Auditory and visual scene analysis’.
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Hess, Scott. "William Wordsworth and Photographic Subjectivity." Nineteenth-Century Literature 63, no. 3 (2008): 283–320. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/ncl.2008.63.3.283.
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This essay argues that William Wordsworth's poetry constructs a subject position analogous to that of the photographic viewer: hence, a photographic subjectivity. Critics have often read Wordsworth's writing as opposing imagination against visibility and mimetic realism. Many of the visual structures of his poetry, however, continue the structures of the picturesque, whose desire to capture the landscape as framed image culminated in the technology of photography. These structures of perception include the stationed point of view of the observer, focusing the scene from a single location; the tendency to reduce the multisensory, ambient experience of lived environment to pure vision; the separation of the observer from the landscape; and the resulting general disembodiment of that observer. Much of Wordsworth's poetry positions the observer in these ways in order to capture images that can then be viewed in private isolation (as in the ““spots of time””), like a series of internalized photographs. These structures of visuality construct what would emerge, after the invention of photography, as a photographic subjectivity, complementing (rather than opposing) the objectivity of the photographic image. They define the viewing subject, in the manner of photography, as a mobile, seemingly autonomous self in an appropriative relationship to landscape——the paradigm of the modern self, taking a ““view from nowhere”” on a world captured as image. The stability, unity, and autonomy of the Wordsworthian self ultimately depend on these photographic relationships.
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Sanders, Philip, Benjamin Thompson, Paul Corballis, and Grant Searchfield. "On the Timing of Signals in Multisensory Integration and Crossmodal Interactions: a Scoping Review." Multisensory Research 32, no. 6 (2019): 533–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/22134808-20191331.
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Abstract A scoping review was undertaken to explore research investigating early interactions and integration of auditory and visual stimuli in the human brain. The focus was on methods used to study low-level multisensory temporal processing using simple stimuli in humans, and how this research has informed our understanding of multisensory perception. The study of multisensory temporal processing probes how the relative timing between signals affects perception. Several tasks, illusions, computational models, and neuroimaging techniques were identified in the literature search. Research into early audiovisual temporal processing in special populations was also reviewed. Recent research has continued to provide support for early integration of crossmodal information. These early interactions can influence higher-level factors, and vice versa. Temporal relationships between auditory and visual stimuli influence multisensory perception, and likely play a substantial role in solving the ‘correspondence problem’ (how the brain determines which sensory signals belong together, and which should be segregated).
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Bychkov, Oleg. "ἡ τοῦ κάλλος ἀπορροή: A Note on Achilles Tatius 1.9.4–5, 5.13.4". Classical Quarterly 49, № 1 (1999): 339–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/cq/49.1.339.
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The phrase combining the terms κάλλ0ς and ἀπoρρoή to my knowledge does not occur anywhere else in the Greek Corpus in the context of contemplating a beautiful beloved. Achilles Tatius (second century a.d.) therefore must be making an allusion to Plato. This can hardly come as a surprise considering that Phaedr. 251, which describes the influence of the appearance of beauty on the soul of the lover, is one of the most famous and widely known Platonic passages. However, the context within which these two allusions to Plato are introduced deserves attention. Adding a certain learned touch to the description of erotic episodes in his novel, Achilles Tatius presents a ‘scientific’ explanation of the mechanism of visual perception. The consistency of both accounts suggests that he draws on some scholarly theory of vision which was part of his general educational background. But, unlike the above mentioned allusions, this theory is hardly Platonic.
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Bychkova, Olga Anatol'evna, and Aleksandra Valer'evna Nikitina. "Images of game and gamer in the space of literature and computer games." Человек и культура, no. 6 (June 2020): 69–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.25136/2409-8744.2020.6.34481.
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The subject of this research is the images of game and gamers. In the space of literary work, they are arrayed in metaphorical and often demonic raiment, receiving moral-ethical interpretation in one or another way. The problem of game and gamer in criticism was regarded by Y. Mann (&ldquo;On the Concept of Game as a Literary Image&rdquo;), V. V. Vinogradov (&ldquo;Style of the Queen of Spades&rdquo;), E. Dobin (&ldquo;Ace and Queen&rdquo;, A. Pushkin&rsquo;s &ldquo;The Queen of Spades&rdquo;), R. Caillois (&ldquo;Games and People&rdquo;), British writer and researcher of online games R, Bartle, American scientist Nick Yee, and many others. However, juxtaposition of literature sources on the topic to the research in the field of computer games is conducted for the first time. The scientific novelty consists in the comprehensive examination of the psychological game of the gamer based on the material of Russian literature (A. S. Pushkin &ldquo;The Queen of Spades&rdquo;, V. V. Nabokov The Luzhin Defense&rdquo;) , as well as the modern computer games practice, in which psychological type of the gamer found its realization and development in accordance with genre diversity. Even the Russian classical literature depict game as an autonomous space that encompasses the gamer, and often has devastating effect on their personality. The author also observes an important characterological trait of the gamer: the conceptual, &ldquo;literal&rdquo; perception of the world, which is based on the reception of visual images of the world against verbal. Therefore, the Russian literature alongside the research practice of modern videogames from different angles approach examination of the images of &ldquo;game and gamer&rdquo;, cognize the factors and consequences of the problems that emerge in this object field, as well as seek for their solution. The data acquired in the course of the conducted comparative analysis is mutually enriching.
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Ausó, Eva, Violeta Gómez-Vicente, and Gema Esquiva. "Visual Side Effects Linked to Sildenafil Consumption: An Update." Biomedicines 9, no. 3 (2021): 291. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/biomedicines9030291.
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Phosphodiesterase type 5 (PDE5) inhibitors such as Viagra® (sildenafil citrate) have demonstrated efficacy in the treatment of erectile dysfunction (ED) by inducing cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP) elevation followed by vasodilation and increased blood flow. It also exerts minor inhibitory action against PDE6, which is present exclusively in rod and cone photoreceptors. The effects of sildenafil on the visual system have been investigated in a wide variety of clinical and preclinical studies due to the fact that a high dose of sildenafil may cause mild and transient visual symptoms in some patients. A literature review was performed using PubMed, Cochrane Library and Clinical Trials databases from 1990 up to 2020, focusing on the pathophysiology of visual disorders induced by sildenafil. The aim of this review was not only to gather and summarize the information available on sildenafil clinical trials (CTs), but also to spot subpopulations with increased risk of developing undesirable visual side effects. This PDE inhibitor has been associated with transient and reversible ocular side effects, including changes in color vision and light perception, blurred vision, photophobia, conjunctival hyperemia and keratitis, and alterations in the electroretinogram (ERG). Sildenafil may induce a reversible increase in intraocular pressure (IOP) and a few case reports suggest it is involved in the development of nonarteritic ischemic optic neuropathy (NAION). Reversible idiopathic serous macular detachment, central serous retinopathy and ERG disturbances have been related to the significant impact of sildenafil on retinal perfusion. So far, sildenafil does not seem to cause permanent toxic effects on chorioretinal tissue and photoreceptors as long as the therapeutic dose is not exceeded and is taken under a physician’s direction to treat a medical condition. However, the recreational use of sildenafil can lead to harmful side effects, including vision changes.
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Troscianko, Emily. "Kafkaesque worlds in real time." Language and Literature: International Journal of Stylistics 19, no. 2 (2010): 151–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0963947010362913.
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We read in a linear fashion, page by page, and we seem also to experience the world around us thus, moment by moment. But research on visual perception shows that perceptual experience is not pictorially representational: it does not consist in a linear, cumulative, totalizing process of building up a stream of internal picture-like representations. Current enactive, or sensorimotor, theories describe vision and imagination as operating through interactive potentiality. Kafka’s texts, which evoke perception as non-pictorial, provide scope for investigating the close links between vision and imagination in the context of the reading of fiction. Kafka taps into the fundamental perceptual processes by which we experience external and imagined worlds, by evoking fictional worlds through the characters’ perceptual enaction of them. The temporality of Kafka’s narratives draws us in by making concessions to how we habitually create ‘proper’, linear narratives out of experience, as reflected in traditional Realist narratives. However, Kafka also unsettles these processes of narrativization, showing their inadequacies and superfluities. Kafka’s works engage the reader’s imagination so powerfully because they correspond to the truth of perceptual experience, rather than merely to the fictions we conventionally make of it. Yet these texts also unsettle because we are unused to thinking of the real world as being just how these truly realistic, Kafkaesque worlds are: inadmissible of a complete, linear narrative, because always emerging when looked for, just in time.
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Turner, Alasdair, and Alan Penn. "Encoding Natural Movement as an Agent-Based System: An Investigation into Human Pedestrian Behaviour in the Built Environment." Environment and Planning B: Planning and Design 29, no. 4 (2002): 473–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1068/b12850.
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Gibson's ecological theory of perception has received considerable attention within psychology literature, as well as in computer vision and robotics. However, few have applied Gibson's approach to agent-based models of human movement, because the ecological theory requires that individuals have a vision-based mental model of the world, and for large numbers of agents this becomes extremely expensive computationally. Thus, within current pedestrian models, path evaluation is based on calibration from observed data or on sophisticated but deterministic route-choice mechanisms; there is little open-ended behavioural modelling of human-movement patterns. One solution which allows individuals rapid concurrent access to the visual information within an environment is an ‘exosomatic visual architecture’, where the connections between mutually visible locations within a configuration are prestored in a lookup table. Here we demonstrate that, with the aid of an exosomatic visual architecture, it is possible to develop behavioural models in which movement rules originating from Gibson's principle of affordance are utilised. We apply large numbers of agents programmed with these rules to a built-environment example and show that, by varying parameters such as destination selection, field of view, and steps taken between decision points, it is possible to generate aggregate movement levels very similar to those found in an actual building context.
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Trifonov, M. I. "The Human Contrast Sensitivity Function Reflects Nonlinear Dynamics." Perception 26, no. 1_suppl (1997): 13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1068/v970118.
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Many processes of visual perception may be modelled by nonlinear systems. I here present a novel nonlinear analysis of contrast sensitivity data. My point of departure was the similarity in shape of (i) curves giving threshold contrast as a function of spatial modulation frequency, and (ii) the envelope of bifurcational diagrams obtained from the logistic equation. It should be noted that the well-known changes of curvature for spatial frequencies above 20 cycles deg−1 are now being discussed in the literature as a problem of the last or finest channel [Kulikowski, 1991, in Limits of Vision Eds J J Kulikowski, V Walsh, I J Murray, volume 5 of Vision and Visual Dysfunction Ed. J Cronly-Dillon (London: Macmillan) pp 286–329]. Numerical simulations of threshold contrast as a function of spatial frequency were carried out on the basis of the logistic equation appropriately adapted to the problem. Several linear transformations of the equation were used for determining the parameters that would provide the best fit to the experimental data. The model introduces the concept of perceptual cycle that can be used for characterising the dynamics of selectivity in the spatial frequency domain in its dependence on grating contrast.
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Kiefer, Markus, and Marcel Harpaintner. "Varieties of abstract concepts and their grounding in perception or action." Open Psychology 2, no. 1 (2020): 119–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/psych-2020-0104.
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AbstractFor a very long time, theorizing in the cognitive sciences was dominated by the assumption that abstract concepts, which lack a perceivable referent, can only be handled by amodal or verbal linguistic representations. In the last years, however, refined grounded cognition theories emphasizing the importance of emotional and introspective information for abstract concepts, in addition to verbal associations and sensorimotor information, have received increasing support. Here, we review theoretical accounts of the structure and neural basis of conceptual memory and evaluate them in light of recent empirical evidence with regard to the processing of concrete and abstract concepts. Based on this literature review, we argue that abstract concepts should not be treated as a homogenous conceptual category, whose meaning is established by one single specific type of representation. Instead, depending on the feature composition, there are different subgroups of abstract concepts, including those with strong relations to vision or action, which are represented in the visual and motor brain systems similar to concrete concepts. The reviewed findings with regard to concrete and abstract concepts can be accommodated best by hybrid theories of conceptual representation assuming an interaction between modality-specific, multimodal and amodal hub areas.
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Chanana, Piyush, Rohan Paul, M. Balakrishnan, and PVM Rao. "Assistive technology solutions for aiding travel of pedestrians with visual impairment." Journal of Rehabilitation and Assistive Technologies Engineering 4 (January 2017): 205566831772599. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2055668317725993.
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This work systematically reviews the assistive technology solutions for pedestrians with visual impairment and reveals that most of the existing solutions address a specific part of the travel problem. Technology-centered approach with limited focus on the user needs is one of the major concerns in the design of most of the systems. State-of-the-art sensor technology and processing techniques are being used to capture details of the surrounding environment. The real challenge is in conveying this information in a simplified and understandable form especially when the alternate senses of hearing, touch, and smell have much lesser perception bandwidth than that of vision. A lot of systems are at prototyping stages and need to be evaluated and validated by the real users. Conveying the required information promptly through the preferred interface to ensure safety, orientation, and independent mobility is still an unresolved problem. Based on observations and detailed review of available literature, the authors proposed that holistic solutions need to be developed with the close involvement of users from the initial to the final validation stages. Analysis reveals that several factors need serious consideration in the design of such assistive technology solutions.
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Dupré, Sven. "Vincent Ilardi . Renaissance Vision from Spectacles to Telescopes. Memoirs of the American Philosophical Society 259 . Philadelphia . American Philosophical Society . 2007 . .ISBN: 978-0-87169-259-7 ." Renaissance Quarterly 61, no. 1 (2008): 250–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/ren.2008.0044.
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KHARITONOVA, NATALIA. "El viaje transatlántico de Rafael Alberti en 1935." Bulletin of Hispanic Studies: Volume 98, Issue 4 98, no. 4 (2021): 339–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.3828/bhs.2021.20.
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This article studies, from the perspective of Transatlantic Studies, literary works by Rafael Alberti along with archival documents concerning his travel to the Americas in 1935. In his poetry collection, 13 bandas y 48 estrellas. Poema del Mar Caribe and travel diary, ‘Encuentro en la Nueva España con Bernal Díaz del Castillo’, published in 1936, Alberti challenges the traditional perception of Latin American republics as former colonies. Although Alberti insists on his affiliation with the anti-imperialism of the Comintern, the article reveals an underlying conflict in the dialogue established by the Spanish poet within the American space. His writings rework components of conservative political doctrine such as Hispanoamericanismo and literary exoticism. In addition, Alberti exploits Hermann Keyserling’s conception of tellurism to shape his vision of the Americas. The article shows how the innovative message of solidarity with Latin America emerges in Alberti’s work on the basis of a complex ideological and aesthetic ground.
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Leo, Marco, Pierluigi Carcagnì, Cosimo Distante, et al. "Computational Analysis of Deep Visual Data for Quantifying Facial Expression Production." Applied Sciences 9, no. 21 (2019): 4542. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app9214542.
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The computational analysis of facial expressions is an emerging research topic that could overcome the limitations of human perception and get quick and objective outcomes in the assessment of neurodevelopmental disorders (e.g., Autism Spectrum Disorders, ASD). Unfortunately, there have been only a few attempts to quantify facial expression production and most of the scientific literature aims at the easier task of recognizing if either a facial expression is present or not. Some attempts to face this challenging task exist but they do not provide a comprehensive study based on the comparison between human and automatic outcomes in quantifying children’s ability to produce basic emotions. Furthermore, these works do not exploit the latest solutions in computer vision and machine learning. Finally, they generally focus only on a homogeneous (in terms of cognitive capabilities) group of individuals. To fill this gap, in this paper some advanced computer vision and machine learning strategies are integrated into a framework aimed to computationally analyze how both ASD and typically developing children produce facial expressions. The framework locates and tracks a number of landmarks (virtual electromyography sensors) with the aim of monitoring facial muscle movements involved in facial expression production. The output of these virtual sensors is then fused to model the individual ability to produce facial expressions. Gathered computational outcomes have been correlated with the evaluation provided by psychologists and evidence has been given that shows how the proposed framework could be effectively exploited to deeply analyze the emotional competence of ASD children to produce facial expressions.
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Ahmed, Vian, Karam Abu Alnaaj, and Sara Saboor. "An Investigation into Stakeholders’ Perception of Smart Campus Criteria: The American University of Sharjah as a Case Study." Sustainability 12, no. 12 (2020): 5187. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su12125187.
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In recent times, smart cities and sustainable development have drawn significant research attention. Among developed and developing countries, the United Arab Emirates (UAE) has been at the forefront in becoming an incubator for smart cities; in particular, it has placed some efforts in the education sector by transforming the traditional campus into a Smart Campus. As the term Smart Campus attracts professionals and academics from multiple disciplines, and the technology keeps intervening in every aspect of life, it becomes inevitable for the Smart Campus to take place and deploy the future vision of smart cities. As a first step to achieve this vision, it is very important to develop a clear understanding of what is a Smart Campus. To date, there is still no clear perception of what a Smart Campus would look like, or what are the main components that can form a Smart Campus. Therefore, the objective of this research is to use the set of comprehensive criteria to identify what it is perceived to be a Smart Campus and evaluate these criteria from the stakeholders’ perception. The main criteria are defined from the literature review, and a case study is conducted on the American University of Sharjah campus stakeholders (faculty, students, management, and Information Technology (IT)) to assess the designated criteria. This exploratory research relies on both qualitative and quantitative methods to perform the analysis, taking into consideration the perceptions of students, faculty, and IT service providers. Finally, having defined and evaluated the criteria that underpin the Smart Campus framework, a set of recommendations are drawn to guide the utilization of a Smart Campus within higher education settings. This research opens the doors for future studies to gain a deeper insight into the type of decisions that need to be made to transform a traditional campus to a Smart Campus.
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Ursino, Mauro, Cristiano Cuppini, Elisa Magosso, Ulrik Beierholm, and Ladan Shams. "Explaining the Effect of Likelihood Manipulation and Prior Through a Neural Network of the Audiovisual Perception of Space." Multisensory Research 32, no. 2 (2019): 111–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/22134808-20191324.
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Abstract Results in the recent literature suggest that multisensory integration in the brain follows the rules of Bayesian inference. However, how neural circuits can realize such inference and how it can be learned from experience is still the subject of active research. The aim of this work is to use a recent neurocomputational model to investigate how the likelihood and prior can be encoded in synapses, and how they affect audio-visual perception, in a variety of conditions characterized by different experience, different cue reliabilities and temporal asynchrony. The model considers two unisensory networks (auditory and visual) with plastic receptive fields and plastic crossmodal synapses, trained during a learning period. During training visual and auditory stimuli are more frequent and more tuned close to the fovea. Model simulations after training have been performed in crossmodal conditions to assess the auditory and visual perception bias: visual stimuli were positioned at different azimuth (±10° from the fovea) coupled with an auditory stimulus at various audio-visual distances (±20°). The cue reliability has been altered by using visual stimuli with two different contrast levels. Model predictions are compared with behavioral data. Results show that model predictions agree with behavioral data, in a variety of conditions characterized by a different role of prior and likelihood. Finally, the effect of a different unimodal or crossmodal prior, re-learning, temporal correlation among input stimuli, and visual damage (hemianopia) are tested, to reveal the possible use of the model in the clarification of important multisensory problems.
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de la Rosa, Maria D., and Karin M. Bausenhart. "Still no Evidence for Sustained Effects of Multisensory Integration of Duration." Multisensory Research 31, no. 7 (2018): 601–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/22134808-18001296.
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Abstract In studies on temporal order perception, immediate as well as sustained effects of multisensory integration have been demonstrated repeatedly. Regarding duration perception, the corresponding literature reports clear immediate effects of multisensory integration, but evidence on sustained effects of multisensory duration integration is scarce. In fact, a single study [Heron, J. et al. (2013). A neural hierarchy for illusions of time: Duration adaptation precedes multisensory integration, J. Vis. 13, 1–12.] investigated adaptation to multisensory conflicting intervals, and found no sustained effects of the audiovisual conflict on perceived duration of subsequently presented unimodal visual intervals. In two experiments, we provide independent evidence in support of this finding. In Experiment 1, we demonstrate that adaptation to audiovisual conflict does not alter perceived duration of subsequently presented visual test intervals. Thus, replicating the results of Heron et al. (2013), we observed no sustained effect of multisensory duration integration. However, one might argue that the prolonged exposure to consistent multisensory conflict might have prevented or hampered multisensory integration per se. In Experiment 2, we rule out this alternative explanation by showing that multisensory integration of audiovisual conflicting intervals is still effective after exposure to audiovisual conflict. This further strengthens the conclusion that multisensory integration of interval duration affects perception in an immediate, but not in a sustained manner.
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Casteel, Sarah Phillips. "Making History Visible." Small Axe: A Caribbean Journal of Criticism 25, no. 1 (2021): 28–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1215/07990537-8912768.
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While interned by the Nazis in Belgium and Bavaria during World War II, the little-known Surinamese artist Josef Nassy (1904–76) created a series of paintings and drawings documenting his experiences and those of other black prisoners. Nassy’s artworks uniquely register the presence of Caribbean, African, and African American prisoners in the Nazi camp system. While the Nassy Collection at the United States Holocaust Memorial Museum cannot render transparent a wartime experience that has gone largely unrecorded, it illustrates how shifting from a textual to a visual lens can enable an unremembered history to enter our field of vision, thereby generating an alternative wartime narrative. After tracing Nassy’s family history in Suriname and the conditions of his European incarceration, this essay discusses two paintings that demonstrate the significance of visual art in the context of black civilian internment—for both the artist-prisoner and the researcher.