Academic literature on the topic 'Visitor impact management'
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Journal articles on the topic "Visitor impact management"
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Suklabaidya, Paramita, and Monika Aggarwal. "Visitor Management at UNWHS." Atna Journal of Tourism Studies 15, no. 2 (July 1, 2020): 81–114. http://dx.doi.org/10.12727/ajts.24.5.
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Studies have shown a significant increase in the number of visitors to the site after being featured on the UNWHS list which leads to visitation pressure and impacts thereof on the site. Visitor management at the UNWHS is the need of the hour. The paper aims to critically analyse the existing visitor management plan at the selected UNWHS - Taj Mahal, the second-best UNWHS in the world with more than 8 million visitors every year (timesofindia.indiatimes.com, tribuneindia.com, indiatoday. in, hindustantimes.com, 2017), and to suggest numerous proactive and reactive measures to bring about an effective Visitor Management strategy for the Site. The descriptive and exploratory research methodology has been used along with a mixed approach of both Quantitative and Qualitative Methods. Literature review of Visitor Management practices followed at UNWHS globally and an in-depth study of opinion of different groups – Site Managers, Travel agents, Guides, Visitors visiting the site helped conclude, that to defy the harmful impact of the visitation and to give an enhanced experience, an effective marketing plan with strict conservation and preservation practices have to be implemented in collaboration with locals, stakeholders and the government agencies
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Qaddhat, Ranea Mohammed, Hanaa Abedlkader Fayed, and Ghada Mohamed Wafik. "Evaluation of Visitor Management and its Impact on Visitor Experience and Satisfaction at Archaeological Sites in Jordan (Case Study: Jerash)." Academic Journal of Interdisciplinary Studies 10, no. 1 (January 17, 2021): 248. http://dx.doi.org/10.36941/ajis-2021-0022.
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This study aims to assess visitor management at the Jerash archaeological site in Jordan. It also sheds light on their approaches in guiding and managing visitors at the site, and to discover the effectiveness of adopting indirect approaches (soft strategies) by comparison to using direct approaches (hard strategies). This study examines the effects of visitor management practices on the level of experience quality for visitors, as well as on their satisfaction. The primary data has been obtained from various tools, mainly a survey questionnaire. The study has used descriptive analysis and linear regression. Moreover, the researcher has used site observation to assists in supporting, or refuting, the findings. The study has revealed an effect of visitor management on the visitor quality of experience and visitor satisfaction. The study has come up with many recommendations that will improve the effectiveness of visitor management at the Jerash site.
Received: 9 August 2020 / Accepted: 2 December 2020 / Published: 17 January 2021
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Jim, Chi Yung. "Visitor Management in Recreation Areas." Environmental Conservation 16, no. 1 (1989): 19–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s037689290000847x.
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The ever-increasing demands for outdoor recreation have caused widespread ecological damages in many parts of the world, so that methods to contain deleterious impacts and maintain the quality of recreational experience must be earnestly sought. Besides the commonlyprescribed preventive and ameliorative actions on the resource-base, visitor management which can provide cost-effective and long-term solutions deserves more attention than hitherto. This paper evaluates a spectrum of relevant options including the subtle (influencing userbehaviour), through the intermediate (redistributing use), to the regulatory (rationing use).The reduction of per caput impact can, naturally, raise the capacity of an area to accommodate continuing use. Minimum impact techniques can substantially curtail the largely inadvertent damage due to ignorance rather than malice, while recreational planning and management can take into account the changing user preference. Appropriate data to guide management decisions can be acquired through innovative non-contact approaches, including visitor observation, to solicit candid and spontaneous responses. Good-quality information, conveyed through different channels in ample time before a visit, can effectively modify user behaviour and perception. Formal and informal education, to inculcate a responsible attitude towards the natural environment, can bring long-range benefits. Citizen participation can furnish diversified and useroriented perspectives that are important for successful programmes.
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Schneider, Ingrid E., Arne Arnberger, Stuart P. Cottrell, and Eick von Ruschkowski. "Modeling Impacts of Bark Beetle Infestations on Forest Visitor Experiences and Intended Displacement." Forest Science 65, no. 5 (June 3, 2019): 614–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/forsci/fxz021.
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AbstractBark beetle outbreak impacts are occurring at reportedly unprecedented levels. Despite previous research on the aesthetic and economic impacts of terrestrial pest infestations, minimal visitor behavioral response research exists. As beetle infestation progresses, both tree appearance and landscape change can negatively impact visitation and visitor revenue. Given the multiple-use mandate of most forests, this lack of research is surprising. To meet this gap, this study simulated impacts of varied beetle outbreak levels, management approaches, and visitor characteristics on interference with forest visitors’ experience and intended displacement. Visitors at two forested US state park study sites, one with significant bark beetle impact and the other with much less, responded to onsite questionnaires with digitally calibrated photos depicting a variety of beetle-impacted forest scenarios. Up to 80 percent of visitors indicated forest scenarios with significant bark beetle impact would interfere with their experience, and 70 percent reported they would not visit or be displaced. Analyses revealed forest fore- and midground conditions with varying levels of impact significantly predicted both experience interference and displacement. The relative importance of social, biophysical, and managerial conditions differed between models. Results inform management and planning efforts as well as advance understanding of the biophysical and social factors influencing interference and intended displacement.
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Hadwen, Wade L., Wendy Hill, and Catherine M. Pickering. "Linking Visitor Impact Research to Visitor Impact Monitoring in Protected Areas." Journal of Ecotourism 7, no. 1 (August 2008): 87–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.2167/joe193.0.
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Juma, Leanard Otwori, Izabella Mária Bakos, and Aniko Khademi-Vidra. "Nature Interpretation and Visitor Management Objectives: A Survey of Tourist Attitudes at Maasai Mara National Reserve, Kenya." Sustainability 12, no. 18 (September 4, 2020): 7246. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su12187246.
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Nature interpretation has been advocated as a soft and non-obtrusive on-site visitor management strategy to enhance visitor knowledge and understanding of the resource, mitigate visitor impacts, encourage the conservation and improvement of attraction areas, and assist visitors in enjoying their visit. However, the way in which nature interpretation programs are implemented, and the subsequent attitudes created amongst visitors can pose a challenge to the effectiveness of nature interpretation as a visitor management strategy. The situation becomes more complicated with limited resources to implement, monitor, and evaluate nature interpretation in expansive wilderness areas like Masai Mara National Reserve (MMNR). The question therefore is, does nature interpretation in MMNR create favourable attitudes amongst wildlife tourists, consequently leading to enhanced visitor experiences and satisfaction of the support for conservations, or not? This research, therefore, sought to establish the extent to which the attitudes created by nature interpretation affect visitor satisfaction or the enhanced visitor experience and support for conservation, broadly termed as visitor management objectives in MMNR Kenya. Thus, Ho1 postulated that attitudes created by nature interpretation do not influence visitors’ support for conservation in MMNR, and Ho2, that attitudes created by nature interpretation do not enhance visitor experience and satisfaction in MMNR. This study used a structured questionnaire for the survey to collect data from a sample of 351 respondents as a proportion of visitors into MMNR. Research findings revealed that a moderate relationship between attitudes created by nature interpretation and support to conservation with rs = 0.426 and p = 0.000, thus null hypothesis H01 was rejected. Secondly, results showed that attitudes created by nature interpretation moderately affected visitor satisfaction rs = 0.478 and p = 0.000, while similarly, null hypothesis H02 was rejected. The research concluded that various forms of NI result in the formation of attitudes that moderately affect support for conservation and visitor satisfaction. The study concluded that enhanced nature interpretation training and awareness creation, along with continual improvement initiatives, could unlock its full potential as a visitor management strategy. This consistent, well-coordinated, and diligent implementation of nature interpretation initiatives by all stakeholders in MMNR would sustain a cumulative, long-term impact.
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Navarro-Ruiz, Sandra, and Bob McKercher. "The usability of visitor attractions: state-of-the-art." Tourism Review 75, no. 3 (January 2, 2020): 497–509. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/tr-02-2019-0057.
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Purpose Visitor attractions constitute the essence of the tourism phenomenon. However, management techniques that are expressly designed for tourism and develop different uses/activities and subsequently influence visitor experiences are under-researched. Hence, the purpose of this study is to develop a conceptual framework that provides a bridge between on-site management, visitor attraction development and visitor experience by introducing a novel concept: “usability of visitor attractions.” This new concept captures how managers can develop uses for visitors to experience the attraction. Thus, this study explores this concept and serves as the foundation for further research on this topic. Design/methodology/approach The systematization of the state of the art is based on an exhaustive desk research review of both academic and grey literature to endorse the “usability of visitor attractions” concept. Findings The literature review reveals that visitor attraction management affects visitor experience. To succeed, managers should consider the ease of use and the design of activities. Therefore, an innovative conceptual model is built to explore how on-site management techniques based on this new concept impact on visitor’s experience. Originality/value Research on visitor experience in attractions has neglected the impact of on-site management tools hitherto. Therefore, the originality of the study lies on providing a robust framework that enlightens how visitor attraction management affects visitor experience by developing the usability. The study proposes a novel concept and an original model that will be of a critical interest to tourism academia and will serve as practical guidance for attraction managers.
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Marion, Jeffrey L., and Toivo Sober. "Environmental Impact Management in the Boundary Waters Canoe Area Wilderness." Northern Journal of Applied Forestry 4, no. 1 (March 1, 1987): 7–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/njaf/4.1.7.
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Abstract Increases in wilderness and backcountry recreational use have resulted in significant environmental impacts that are requiring more intensive visitor and resource management by the managing agencies. Resource impacts in the nation's most highly used wilderness, the Boundary Waters Canoe Area, have been reduced through the implementation of a designated site camping policy in the early 1970s. The number and location of sites are matched to visitor numbers and use patterns by a travel model developed from visitor trip records. Recently, a campsite rehabilitation program has been extended to campsites currently in use in an effort to restore natural conditions and prevent impacts from reaching unacceptable levels. This has been accomplished through the use of native materials and plant species to reduce both the area and the extent of impact at each campsite. North. J. Appl. For. 4:7-10, Mar. 1987.
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Stienmetz, Jason L., and Daniel R. Fesenmaier. "Destination Value Systems: Modeling Visitor Flow Structure and Economic Impact." Journal of Travel Research 58, no. 8 (December 21, 2018): 1249–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0047287518815985.
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This study proposes that the structure of visitor flows within a destination significantly influences the overall economic value generated by visitors. In particular, destination network metrics (i.e., density, in-degree centralization, out-degree centralization, betweenness centralization, and global clustering coefficient) for 29 Florida counties were derived from 4.3 million geotagged photos found on the photo sharing service Flickr and then correlated with visitor-related spending reported by the Florida Department of Revenue. The results of regression analyses indicate that density, out-degree centralization, and in-degree centralization are negatively correlated with total visitor-related spending within a destination, while betweenness centralization is found to have a positive relationship. Based on these findings, it is concluded that the economic value generated by tourism is constrained by the destination network structure of supply-side and demand-side interactions. Further, it is argued that a “network orchestrator” approach to management can be used to better manage economic impacts within a destination.
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Arnberger, Arne, Ingrid E. Schneider, Renate Eder, and Ami Choi. "Differences in urban forest visitor preferences for emerald ash borer-impacted areas." Forestry: An International Journal of Forest Research 93, no. 2 (December 28, 2019): 225–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/forestry/cpz072.
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Abstract Emerald ash borer (EAB), an invasive forest insect from Asia, has impacted vast areas in the United States and European Russia. To proactively understand the social impact of an EAB invasion in Europe and the USA, this study analyzed visitors’ preferences and preference heterogeneity for EAB-impacted forest scenarios in Vienna, Austria (n = 510) and Minneapolis, USA (n = 307). An image-based discrete choice experiment with latent-class analysis among on-site completed questionnaires in Vienna indicated four different visitor segments based on trade-offs among biophysical, social and viewscape elements. Within the forested environment, two segments placed greater importance on (bio)physical attributes and two on social aspects. Although all segments preferred a non-impacted ash forest, only one of the four identified the attribute describing EAB impacts and forest management as the most important attribute. Rather, visitor numbers and background viewscapes were more important than EAB impact and management to differentiate landscape preferences for three of the four segments. Differences in preferences were found between the Vienna and Minneapolis samples. Vienna respondents showed a higher preference for more natural conditions, disliked more the initial stage of EAB impact and placed more importance on background viewscapes and visitor numbers. Forest managers and greenspace planners need to consider the entirety of the forested condition, social and visual, for effective management and address that visitors differ in their preferences for all of these conditions.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Visitor impact management"
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Daniels, Melissa Lynn. "Minimizing Visitor Impacts to Protected Lands: An Examination of Site Management and Visitor Education Methods." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/42509.
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This thesis contains two studies that explore different methods of visitor management in recreation. The management strategies studied here are both relatively indirect approaches intended to minimize the environmental and social impacts that visitors cause in protected areas. The Annapolis Rocks study focuses on visitors' evaluations of a site management strategy that shifted camping from a flat, open area to constructed side-hill campsites. A visitor questionnaire was administered before and after the treatment to determine visitors' ratings of importance and satisfaction for various campsite attributes. We found some evidence of visitor displacement but concluded that the site management strategy supported the intentions of the managers. The Leave No Trace study evaluates the effectiveness of the Trainer courses in improving the knowledge, ethics, and behavior of the participants and encouraging them to teach others in the community. This study employed pre-course, post-course, and follow-up questionnaires to evaluate the participants' short-term and long-term gains from the course. Trainer course participants showed significant short-term and long-term gains from the course, with a slight decline in the total gain four months after the course. The participants showed improvements in low-impact behaviors, suggesting that education is an effective visitor management strategy. These studies demonstrate that managers can be successful at controlling visitor impacts without relying on stringent regulations and enforcement.Master of Science
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Reid, Scott Edmonds. "An Adaptive Assessment of Visitor Impacts to Protected Areas." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/32365.
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As an applied approach to recreation management, adaptive management allows researchers and protected area managers to cooperatively improve management policies, and achieve the dual mandate to protect natural resources and provide high-quality recreational experiences. Through an evaluation of the efficacy of campsite and campfire management policies, this research provides land managers with an empirical assessment to aid in the adaptation and improvement of their visitor management strategies. Results from the Shenandoah National Park camping management study suggest that an established camping visitor containment strategy succeeded in reducing the areal extent of camping impacts while minimizing restrictions on visitor campsite selection options. Findings from the campfire research in seven protected areas indicate that current campfire policies have been largely ineffectual at reducing resource damage, and may exact a heavy toll in visitor experiences via campfire restrictions. The incorporation of resource and social research in this research offers a holistic approach to the evaluation of management objectives and affords protected area managers a more balanced perspective on the assessment of their policies. The conclusions reached by this integrated research will provide land managers with germane and timely information that will allow them to adapt their policies to better achieve their recreation management objectives.Master of Science
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Farrell, Tracy Ann. "Visitor Impact Assessment and Management for Protected Areas in Central and South America." Diss., Virginia Tech, 1999. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/40425.
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Ecotourism and protected area visitation have been steadily increasing in recent years in Central and South America, inevitably resulting in natural resource impacts. The consequences of such impacts may include natural resource degradation, diminished aesthetic qualities, or decreased functionality of certain facilities like recreation sites and trails. Recreation ecology and visitor impact management expertise and tools are available to help balance the potentially conflicting management goals of protecting natural resources and permitting visitation but such knowledge has not been widely used in Central and South America.
The goals of this research were to characterize certain visitor-related natural resource impacts and to determine how these impacts could be assessed and managed in Central and South America. The research included case studies of eight protected areas in Costa Rica and Belize, trail impact assessment research at Torres del Paine National Park in Chile, and development of a new visitor impact assessment and management framework, presented as three papers intended for journal submission.
The first paper had two objectives: 1) to identify visitor-related natural resource impacts at selected protected areas in Costa Rica and Belize to increase awareness about visitor impact problems, and 2) to apply and compare rapid trail and recreation site impact assessment procedures to provide study site managers with impact data and impact assessment procedures. A variety of natural resource impacts were reported by interview subjects and recorded by rapid assessment procedures. The management utility of the rapid trail and recreation site impact assessment procedures were compared and discussed and the need for developing additional rapid assessment procedures to evaluate other resource impacts reported by protected area managers was also identified.
The intent of the second paper was to investigate trail impacts at Torres del Paine National Park. Study objectives included measuring the frequency and magnitude of selected trail impacts, and comparing the relative impact contribution of the amount of use, vegetation type, trail position and trail grade on common condition indicators such as width and incision. Findings somewhat contradicted those of other studies, revealing that amount of use significantly contributed to trail width and incision. However, findings also indicated that vegetation type and trail grade contributed to number of informal trails and trail incision, respectively. A variety of management strategies were recommended and suggestions were provided for future monitoring studies.
The purpose of the third paper was to propose a new visitor impact assessment and management framework that would provide managers with a feasible means of addressing visitor impact management concerns for selected protected areas in Central and South America. The Protected Areas Impact Assessment and Management (PAIAM) framework was adapted from existing frameworks like carrying capacity and the Limits of Acceptable Change to provide a simple, cost-effective and relatively quick decision making process. PAIAM analyzes visitor impacts using an expert panel and incorporates stakeholders and local residents into decision making. This study experimentally applied the new framework in Mexico and compared PAIAM to existing frameworks.
The focus of this dissertation is on Central and South America since they are heavily visited ecotourist regions that could potentially benefit from applying recreation ecology and visitor impact expertise and tools to protected area management. This research demonstrated that a variety of visitor impacts are affecting natural resources and visitor facilities like trails and recreation sites at selected protected areas in Central and South America. This research also developed and applied rapid impact assessment procedures and visitor impact frameworks for use in Central and South American protected areas.Ph. D.
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Hardiman, Nigel John, University of Western Sydney, and of Science Technology and Environment College. "Visitor impact management in canyons of the Blue Mountains, New South Wales." THESIS_CSTE_xxx_Hardiman_N.xml, 2003. http://handle.uws.edu.au:8081/1959.7/9.
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There is concern that canyoning, which has grown in popularity in recent years, may not be environmentally sustainable within the Blue Mountains National Park. Sociomanagerial research was undertaken, using an initial focus group discussion and subsequent surveys. Canyoners were found to participate in their sport predominantly in small groups in relatively few canyons, were generally experienced, did not feel crowded by other people encountered, and displayed little evidence of displacement behaviour from popular locations. No specific biophysical impacts were perceived as serious. Canyoners generally supported management action to control visitation to canyons if overuse could be demonstrated, with education and/or restrictive actions as preferred management strategies. Biophysical research was undertaken to test a potential rapid assessment bioindicator for measuring and monitoring potential visitor impacts. Macroinvertebrate data were analysed and no significant difference in macroinvertebrate assemblage composition or water quality was found between high and low visitation streams. Macroinvertebrate fauna were found to be highly resilient to trampling. Current visitation levels within the canyons appeared to be within ecologiocally sustainable levels. The implications of the findings are discussed for visitor impact management policymaking.Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)
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Toews, Valerie. "A backcountry visitor impact management strategy for Riding Mountain National Park." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1999. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape8/PQDD_0007/MQ45128.pdf.
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Fletcher, Helen. "The impact and management of visitor pressure on Rocky Shore communities." Thesis, University of Newcastle Upon Tyne, 1997. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.363528.
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Hardiman, Nigel John. "Visitor impact management in canyons of the Blue Mountains, New South Wales /." View thesis, 2003. http://library.uws.edu.au/adt-NUWS/public/adt-NUWS20030708.115013/index.html.
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Thesis (Ph.D.) -- University of Western Sydney, 2003."Submitted in fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy, Centre for Integrated Catchment Management, University of Western Sydney, April 2003" Bibliography : leaves 338-356.
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Giles, Andrew. "Exploring the Social, Environmental and Economic Aspects of Trail Surfacing Decisions." Thesis, University of Waterloo, 2002. http://hdl.handle.net/10012/964.
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Visitor activities in parks often have a heavy impact on the soil, vegetation, water and wildlife. In front country areas, the most extreme damage is concentrated on and adjacent to recreational trails. Aside from controlling the numbers, activities and behaviours of trail users, managers may choose to make trails more resistant to impact through surfacing. Unfortunately, surfacing may have negative influences on park visitors' enjoyment of trails by limiting access or detracting from the primitive setting. In addition, some surfaces may be ineffective in certain environmental conditions such as wet ground or steep slopes. Finally, the wide variety in construction and maintenance costs may make some surface types economically unfeasible.
The goals of this research are to investigate the role of trail surfacing in the management of impacts from outdoor recreation; to develop better understanding of the social, economic and environmental aspects of trail surfacing decisions; and to explore a comprehensive framework for incorporating these three factors in trail management. It is hoped that this research can assist park managers in selecting surfacing options to reduce visitor impact without excessively compromising recreational experience or organizational limitations, such as financial resources.
In addition to a comprehensive review of literature on visitor impact management on trails and surfacing techniques, this research employs three methods to further investigate the social, environmental and economic aspects of trail surfacing: a trail user survey, manager survey and trail condition assessment. The trail user survey was conducted at two well-used natural areas in southwestern Ontario, Canada: Presqu'ile Provincial Park and Belfountain Conservation Area. Surveys at each area explored trail users' perceptions and preferences of trail surfacing techniques in late summer 1999. The managers' survey provided insight into organizational approaches to surfacing, including construction cost and observations on recreational or environmental effectiveness. Finally, the trail condition assessment explored an approach to determining environmental effectiveness of trail surfacing techniques, but was limited by the physical and recreational variation between trails.
Seven recommendations for trail managers are presented, tying in several conceptual frameworks of visitor impact management and trail surfacing decisions developed in the thesis. First, trail managers are recommended to develop a full understanding of trail design principles and alternative visitor impact management techniques. If surfacing is selected as the best impact management technique, trail managers should obtain as much information on user characteristics, environmental conditions and organizational limitations as possible. Despite the benefits and drawbacks for all surfaces, road base gravel (or angular screenings with fines) merits special attention as an excellent surface, while asphalt and concrete are not recommended for front country, semi-primitive recreation. Finally, trail managers are encouraged to share information on surfacing more freely and open surfacing decision processes to affected trail users.
Overall, trail managers are provided with an approach to surfacing decisions that considers the social, environmental and economic aspects of trail surfacing, with the goal of working toward more enjoyable, environmentally responsible and cost-effective trail solutions.
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Turner, Rex. "Visitor Behaviors and Resource Impacts at Cadillac Mountain, Acadia National Park." Fogler Library, University of Maine, 2001. http://www.library.umaine.edu/theses/pdf/TurnerR2001.pdf.
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Araujo, Carolina Dutra de. "Perfil do Visitante e Capacidade de Carga Tur?stica em ?reas Protegidas: o caso do Parque Estadual da Ilha Grande, RJ." Universidade Federal Rural do Rio de Janeiro, 2006. https://tede.ufrrj.br/jspui/handle/tede/480.
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Previous issue date: 2006-10-26The objective of this work was to contribute to the study of tourism environmental planning, specifically Tourism Carrying Capacity methodologies. To do this, two methods were compared, Limits of Acceptable Changes (LAC) e Visitor Activities Management Process (VAMP), in relation to the adequacy to the area, identifying the environmental risks and anthrop pressures; and related to the focus on local issues and the visitors profile, in Praia Preta, located in the Parque Estadual da Ilha Grande, Angra dos Reis, RJ. Few differences were observed between the methods, with little advantage to LAC. We suggest that two fundamental components should take part of a Tourism Carrying Capacity framework: the visitors profile and activities and the residents perception related to local tourism. Such information should compose the management strategies in Protected Areas.
O objetivo da pesquisa foi contribuir para o estudo do planejamento ambiental tur?stico, especificamente sobre as metodologias de Capacidade de Carga Tur?stica. Para tanto, foram comparados dois m?todos, Limits of Acceptable Changes (LAC) e Visitor Activities Management Process (VAMP), quanto ? adequa??o ao local, identificando os riscos ambientais e press?es antr?picas; e quanto ? aten??o ?s quest?es locais e perfil do visitante, na Praia Preta, localizada no Parque Estadual da Ilha Grande, Angra dos Reis/RJ. Observaram-se poucas diferen?as entre os m?todos, com algumas vantagens para o LAC. Sugeriram-se que dois componentes fundamentais devem fazer parte de uma metodologia de Capacidade de Carga Tur?stica: a caracteriza??o do perfil e atividades praticadas pelo visitante e a percep??o dos residentes acerca do turismo no local, informa??es que deveriam compor as estrat?gias de manejo em ?reas protegidas.
Books on the topic "Visitor impact management"
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Kuss, Fred R. Visitor impact management. Washington, D.C: National Parks and Conservation Association, 1990.
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Kerry, Godfrey, and Goodey Brian, eds. Towards visitor impact management: Visitor impacts, carrying capacity, and management responses in Europe's historic towns and cities. Aldershot: Avebury, 1995.
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Hagelqvist, S. Public access and visitor impact: visitor wear and tear, management techniques and carrying capacity determination. Oxford: Oxford Brookes University, 1995.
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Voyageurs National Park (Minn.). Final general management plan/environmental impact statement and visitor use and facilities plan: Voyageurs National Park, Koochiching and St. Louis Counties, Minnesota. [Washington, D.C.]: U.S. Department of the Interior, National Park Service, 2001.
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U.S. National Park Service. Draft general management plan/environmental impact statement (visitor management and resource protection plan): Zion National Park, Utah. [Washington, D.C.]: U.S. Dept. of the Interior, National Park Service, 1999.
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U.S. National Park Service. Draft general management plan/environmental impact statement (visitor management and resource protection plan): Zion National Park, Utah. [Washington, D.C.]: U.S. Dept. of the Interior, National Park Service, 1999.
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Service, United States National Park. Draft general management plan/environmental impact statement (visitor management and resource protection plan): Zion National Park, Utah. [Washington, D.C.]: U.S. Dept. of the Interior, National Park Service, 1999.
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U.S. National Park Service. Draft general management plan/environmental impact statement (visitor management and resource protection plan): Zion National Park, Utah. [Washington, D.C.]: U.S. Dept. of the Interior, National Park Service, 1999.
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Service, United States National Park. Draft general management plan/environmental impact statement (visitor management and resource protection plan): Zion National Park, Utah. [Washington, D.C.]: U.S. Dept. of the Interior, National Park Service, 1999.
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P.G. Whiting & Associates. Prince Edward Island National Park economic impact of non-resident visitor expenditures. Charlottetown: P.G. Whiting and Associates, 1989.
Find full textBook chapters on the topic "Visitor impact management"
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Mason, Peter. "Visitor management." In Tourism Impacts, Planning and Management, 124–39. Fourth editon. | Abingdon, Oxon ; New York,: Routledge, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9780429273544-11.
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van Strien, Marjorie, and Jan Schmidt-Burbach. "Promoting elephant-friendly tourism." In The elephant tourism business, 247–58. Wallingford: CABI, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1079/9781789245868.0020.
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Abstract The village of Sauraha in Nepal is a principal entry point to Chitwan National Park and has been influenced by multiple events over the past few years, affecting the local tourism dynamics and specific tourism products like elephant-back safaris. The global debate on animal welfare visibly influences the local market dynamics for elephant safaris. At the same time, there are other local factors at play that may be of stronger influence. The destination has been affected by local political and economic challenges that have increased cost of operations, intensified competition and challenged potential visitors. Furthermore, Sauraha is attracting emerging markets with different values and expectations in comparison with the traditional markets and which are charged lower prices for services. This chapter explores the impact of these recent events facing the destination Sauraha and reveals how understanding this is key to informing a tailor-made strategy to improve welfare for captive elephants. This research was conducted in the context of an ongoing partnership between World Animal Protection and the Elephant Owners' Association of Sauraha, and involved interviews with stakeholders in Sauraha and Kathmandu, as well as a visitor survey. Findings show that there is an increasing interest among private elephant owners to consider alternative management styles, especially to alleviate personal liability.
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Heldt, Tobias. "Economic impact analysis of events: Landsmót 2016." In Humans, horses and events management, 149–58. Wallingford: CABI, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1079/9781789242751.0149.
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Abstract This chapter aims to explain some of the basic principles and practices of economic impact analysis (EIA) of events, with particular focus on smaller special events, and how results from an EIA are used in practice for decision making at various stakeholder levels. Data collected on site from 404 visitors to the special event Landsmót 2016 - the National Championships of the Icelandic horse - and analysis of the event's economic impact are used as an illustrative case. Starting with a review of the traditional approach to EIA, followed by a thorough description of the case, including details of data collection and descriptive statistics, the chapter ends by putting the results into policy-relevant contexts for different types of stakeholders.
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Allen, Mary E., and Robert C. Burns. "Outdoor recreation experiences at Diamond Lake, Oregon (USA), before, during and after a biological disruption." In Managing visitor experiences in nature-based tourism, 131–47. Wallingford: CABI, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1079/9781789245714.0131.
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Abstract This chapter examines recreational displacement in response to a unique management and biological event: the introduction of the non-native cyprinid tui chub (Gila bicolor pectinifer) into Diamond Lake. The study demonstrates the behavioural reactions of visitors in response to a management action or a 'controlled' decision to intervene in the impacts of the invasive tui chub. About half of the Diamond Lake visitors who still visit the lake exhibited some temporal and/or spatial displacement behaviours. Visitors at Diamond Lake dealt with the lake's closure by remaining at the lake but participating in another activity (activity substitution) or by moving to an alternative location to continue their primary activity (spatial displacement/resource substitution). More than one-third of all Diamond Lake visitors chose not to recreate during that period (temporal displacement) and 17% changed both their activity and location (absolute displacement).
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Allen, Mary E., and Robert C. Burns. "Outdoor recreation experiences at Diamond Lake, Oregon (USA), before, during and after a biological disruption." In Managing visitor experiences in nature-based tourism, 131–47. Wallingford: CABI, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1079/9781789245714.0011.
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Abstract This chapter examines recreational displacement in response to a unique management and biological event: the introduction of the non-native cyprinid tui chub (Gila bicolor pectinifer) into Diamond Lake. The study demonstrates the behavioural reactions of visitors in response to a management action or a 'controlled' decision to intervene in the impacts of the invasive tui chub. About half of the Diamond Lake visitors who still visit the lake exhibited some temporal and/or spatial displacement behaviours. Visitors at Diamond Lake dealt with the lake's closure by remaining at the lake but participating in another activity (activity substitution) or by moving to an alternative location to continue their primary activity (spatial displacement/resource substitution). More than one-third of all Diamond Lake visitors chose not to recreate during that period (temporal displacement) and 17% changed both their activity and location (absolute displacement).
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Sigurðardóttir, Ingibjörg. "Community impacts of events: resident expectations and experiences." In Humans, horses and events management, 159–71. Wallingford: CABI, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1079/9781789242751.0159.
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Abstract Horse events are common in rural areas but their effects on local communities is an under-researched field. Research indicates that events can have economic and social effects on communities. Skagafjörður in North Iceland was the host community of the event analysed in this chapter. The region has about 4000 inhabitants. The event in this case is Landsmót, the National Championships of the Icelandic horse, in 2016. The event attracted about 8000 human visitors and 800 horses and lasted for a whole week, so the event was quite extensive compared with the size of the host community. The expectations and experiences of local residents were researched through interviews before the event and an online survey following the event. Findings indicated high expectations and positive experiences expressed by the locals of this rural community. The respondents seemed to be committed to the event and cared that the event was successful. A high number of local residents welcomed human and/or equine visitors during the event and participated in the event, in the roles of spectators, competitors and volunteers. It is suggested that such horse events can impact the image of the host community and social cohesion of the local community.
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Callaghan, Corey T., and Daniel M. Brooks. "Using citizen science to study exotic and invasive birds." In Invasive birds: global trends and impacts, 363–68. Wallingford: CABI, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1079/9781789242065.0363.
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Abstract This chapter describes the current usage of citizen science to increase the current knowledge of exotic and invasive bird populations. Citizen science projects aimed at studying and tracking exotic birds are divided into two categories: those that are part of a broad-scale biodiversity collection scheme, and those that are species focused. Some of the current literature that integrates citizen science data and the effects, management and implications of introduced birds are summarized, and select examples that highlight the potential of citizen science aimed at gathering various types of information about exotic birds are included. A vision for the future of citizen science aimed at studying exotic birds is also discussed.
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Hassan, Azizul, and Haywantee Ramkissoon. "Augmented reality application in visitor experiences in nature-based tourism." In Managing visitor experiences in nature-based tourism, 118–30. Wallingford: CABI, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1079/9781789245714.0010.
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Abstract This chapter analyses the conceptual understanding of visitor experience in a nature-based tourism context with particular reference to augmented reality (AR) applications. Critical explanation is offered to outline the ways in which to apply AR in nature-based tourism settings. The Sundarbans forest in Bangladesh, where there was a devastating oil spill in the Sundarbans Natural World Heritage Site in 2014, is the case study example used in this chapter. The potential importance of AR as a tool to protect the forest's natural fragility is discussed and highlighted. Combining the real and virtual image of the forest is proposed in a management tool to mitigate tourists' negative impacts, protecting the resources for present and future generations and improving visitor experiences.
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Poston, Robin, and Ashley Calvert. "Vision 2020: The Future of Software Quality Management and Impacts on Global User Acceptance." In Lecture Notes in Computer Science, 748–60. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-20895-4_70.
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Habyarimana, Ephrem. "Future Vision, Summary and Outlook." In Big Data in Bioeconomy, 291–96. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-71069-9_21.
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AbstractThe DataBio’s agriculture pilots were carried out through a multi-actor whole-farm management approach using information technology, satellite positioning and remote sensing data as well as Internet of Things technology. The goal was to optimize the returns on inputs while reducing environmental impacts and streamlining the CAP monitoring. Novel knowledge was delivered for a more sustainable agriculture in line with the FAO call to achieve global food security and eliminate malnutrition for the more than nine billion people by 2050. The findings from the pilots shed light on the potential of digital agriculture to solve Europe’s concern of the declining workforce in the farming industry as the implemented technologies would help run farms with less workforce and manual labor. The pilot applications of big data technologies included autonomous machinery, mapping of yield, variable rate of applying agricultural inputs, input optimization, crop performance and in-season yields prediction as well as the genomic prediction and selection method allowing to cut cost and duration of cultivar development. The pilots showed their potential to transform agriculture, and the improved predictive analytics is expected to play a fundamental role in the production environment. As AI models are retrained with more data, the decision support systems become more accurate and serve the farmer better, leading to faster adoption. Adoption is further stimulated by cooperation between farmers to share investment costs and technological platforms allowing farmers to benchmark among themselves and across cropping season.
Conference papers on the topic "Visitor impact management"
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Berzina, Iluta, and Edgars Balodis. "Testing an operation of prototype for automated assessment: case of visitor profile of Gauja National Park." In Research for Rural Development 2020. Latvia University of Life Sciences and Technologies, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.22616/rrd.26.2020.023.
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This study is based on the authors’ research started in 2017 that resulted in the development of theoretical strategic and tactical models for the construction of a prototype for automated assessment of tourism economic impact in specific regions, including regions of national parks (NP), as well as for other studies. The aim of the research was testing the performance of the prototype in a research e-environment using the travellers’ survey data obtained in a study in 2019 on the national parks’ target groups (visitor behaviour) during the Gauja National Park (GNP) Travellers’ Days. The prototype was based on the open-source platform Drupal, MySQL used as a database management system (DMS). Drupal united with the Jupyter Notebook platform. The methodological substantiation of the test study is based on aspects of consumer behaviour. A quantitative study with details of qualitative research has been performed. Simple data sampling was used in the data acquisition, but in the analysis – induction, deduction approach, synthesis, data sorting and segmentation, determination of mean values and their expression in proportion; a comparative analysis was performed and conclusions characterizing the sample were made. After completing the prototype performance testing, the authors’ main findings indicate that the prototype’s performance efficiency in terms of time consumption is 23.3 times higher than equivalent work in MS Excel. The prototype has yielded quantitative results from the calculations, and that allows the formulation of the GNP’s Travellers’ Days visitor profile, which is characterized by a sample of the surveys.
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Aristizábal Ceballos, Jaime Hernán, Julián Chaves Agudelo, and Luis C. Castellanos Barandica. "Management of Geohazards Caused by the Impact of New Infrastructure Projects on Common Right of Way (ROW)." In ASME 2017 International Pipeline Geotechnical Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/ipg2017-2517.
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Integrity Management on Cenit common Right-of-Way (ROW), contemplate a preventive vision respect the impact that new infrastructure projects can cause in hydrocarbon transportation systems directly and indirectly. By including the management of Climate and External Forces Threat from this preventive approach have been identified mitigation and/or maintenance actions of which must be considered in the arrangements of common right-of-way with external entities responsible for the planning, construction and operation of these projects. This document presents the management strategy that was built an implemented largely, and the exposed examples are intended to show the importance of incorporates these learned lessons in the management of geotechnical assurance of the ROW.
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Watson, Brian J., Amip J. Shah, Manish Marwah, Cullen E. Bash, Ratnesh K. Sharma, Christopher E. Hoover, Tom W. Christian, and Chandrakant D. Patel. "Integrated Design and Management of a Sustainable Data Center." In ASME 2009 InterPACK Conference collocated with the ASME 2009 Summer Heat Transfer Conference and the ASME 2009 3rd International Conference on Energy Sustainability. ASMEDC, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/interpack2009-89032.
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The environmental impact of data centers is significant and is growing rapidly. However, there are many opportunities for greater efficiency through integrated design and management of data center components. To that end, we propose a sustainable data center that replaces conventional services in the physical infrastructures with more environmentally friendly IT services. We have identified five principles for achieving this vision: data center scale lifecycle design, flexible and configurable building blocks, pervasive sensing, knowledge discovery and visualization, and autonomous control. We describe these principles and present specific use cases for their application. Successful implementation of the sustainable data center vision will require multi-disciplinary collaboration across various research and industry communities.
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Guo, Lushan, Ganlan Xie, Xionglin Zhu, and Xiaofeng Yang. "The Impact of Brand Symbolism on Traveler's Intention to Visit Thailand." In 2020 6th International Conference on Information Management (ICIM). IEEE, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icim49319.2020.244670.
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Purnamasari, Imas, and Gita Dwi Rahmi. "The Impact of Tourists' Visit Number on the Regional Own Revenue." In 2016 Global Conference on Business, Management and Entrepreneurship. Paris, France: Atlantis Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.2991/gcbme-16.2016.31.
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Nastase, Mihai-Claudiu, Alexandru Mitru, and Loredana Andreea Paun (Parnic). "The Social and Economic Impact of COVID 19 Pandemic on Museums. Case Study: „Princely Court” National Museum Ensemble." In International Conference Innovative Business Management & Global Entrepreneurship. LUMEN Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.18662/lumproc/ibmage2020/25.
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The new coronavirus (Covid-19) is one of the main challenges world today has to address. With no large scale availability vaccine yet, and more or less experimental medical treatments for curing the disease, we can safely say that we are still far behind a solution to this problem. This new pandemic is considered the biggest threat to the global economy since the Second World War and there is no aspects of human life have not been affected it, spiritual ones included. Its high contagiousness, as well as novelty, raised all kind of challenges and one of the main ones was our manner to produce answers, in early stages at least, this creating problem on its own and of its design. As well as all the other institutions, theatres, cinemas, concert halls, spaces of socialization and in the same time places of wonder, knowledge and spiritual enrichment the museums were heavily affected by the pandemic crisis, especially those who’s collections are not, but in very small proportion available, to the public through virtual media. Such a case is „Princely Court„ National Museums Ensemble from Targoviste, Dambovita County, Romania. The present paper proposes an overview of the highlights in institution′s activity the past years in comparison with how the pandemic crisis affected its activity in the past months and what were the responses given to keep the museum in the eye of the public. It will also try to summarize how and to what extent the activity went back to „normal” after the emergency state earlier imposed was lifted and how the visitors responded to the new realities.
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Coulson, Keith E. W., Dennis G. Quinton, and Thomas C. Slimmon. "Application of Material Standards and ISO Quality Management Systems." In 1998 2nd International Pipeline Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/ipc1998-2071.
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Since the early 1970’s, the pipeline construction and operation industry has supported the development and implementation of various material standards and specifications. The emphases within the pipeline energy industry was to standardize manufacturing and performance testing processes in the provision of a product which would ensure public safety and reliability of service. The pipeline segment of the energy industry has succeeded in incorporating minimum quality levels by way of industry standards, codes, regulatory requirements and propriety company standards. In addition to these minimum product requirements quality assurance programs have been introduced to enhance the likelihood of conformance to the applicable requirements. In 1975, Canada became the first country to prepare and publish quality system standards for commercial use (Z299 standards). International quality system standards development proliferated in the following years, leading to the establishment of the ISO/TC 176 work team which subsequently led to the issue of the internationally accepted ISO 9000 series of standards. This paper will review both the concept and stages of development of CSA pipe and coating standards. It will also analyze the impact that international standards for Quality Management Systems are having in establishing systematic approaches to assessing levels of quality during material manufacture. Finally, a vision of the possible road to the future will be drawn and the positive impacts for the pipeline industry will be projected from a full life cycle cost perspective.
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Yu, Suiran, Jing Tao, Qingyan Yang, Jianpu Zhang, and Fengfu Yin. "Case Study of Chinese SMEs Oriented Environmental Impact Assessment on Refrigerator Production." In ASME 2011 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference. ASMEDC, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc2011-48920.
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This paper presents a Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) case study aiming at assisting Chinese Small and Medium Enterprises (SMEs) to identify the environmental improvement opportunities. A typical refrigerator SME located in suburb of Shanghai is visited for data collection. Besides, related project reports, academic papers, and LCA software and databases are referred for necessary data. Environment inventory of manufacturing a typical Chinese household refrigerator model is calculated and analyzed. Results show that ABS components are the major contributors to energy consumption; production of rubber (for gaskets), MDI (for insulation) and packaging materials are the most water polluting processes, while phosphatizing treatment of compartment plates and door panels generates most of the waste water with phenol; the majority of CO2 (eq.) and SO2 (eq.) is emitted during ABS component and steel sheet production while the use of F-containing coolant causes most of the CFC-11(eq.) emission, which is the major cause of ozone depletion. The opportunities of environmental improvements are then assessed by sensitivity and economical analysis. It is suggested that for refrigerator manufacturing SMEs, reduction in ABS use and eco-optimized packaging solutions are the most cost-effective measures for environmental improvements. Also, there are improvement potentials in material and energy utility management of SMEs. However, considering their limited management capability and access to resources and information, SMEs needs support from the public sector in entrepreneurship and environmental education, technological and financial help and regulatory protection for sustainable development.
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Krebs, Alastair E. "Pipeline Maintenance Management: A Crucial Tool to Improve Safety and Efficiency." In 2002 4th International Pipeline Conference. ASMEDC, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/ipc2002-27344.
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For any pipeline company to be successful and be seen as a respected global citizen, the impact of its operation on health, safety and the environment must be minimal and its productivity must be optimized at the lowest possible costs. In order to accomplish this an integrated maintenance management process must align to the business needs without impact on safety and the environment. This process must create an environment where by maintenance events are measured to determine their impact on the safety, environmental, and business goals. As a result the maintenance strategy is adapted to maximize the safety, environmental and business performance. An integrated maintenance management process will enhance the revenue earning capability of the business and not be a burden on it. To make the difference, a step change in thinking is required. For example: • Reducing maintenance activity whilst improving performance. • Establishing a benchmark performance model for the pipeline asset. • Maintenance must be seen as a dynamic process continually striving to improve performance. • Maintenance as a tool to identify and reduce health, safety, environmental and business risks to a level as low as reasonably practicable (ALARP). • Maintenance as a contributing factor to an increase in revenue earning capability through an increase in efficiency, as opposed to maintenance seen purely as a cost burden. • Maintenance management as a structured tool to reduce inventory and lifecycle costs, instead of subjective judgement. • Maintenance management as a tool to capture and protect corporate maintenance and operational knowledge, versus the costly process of reinventing the wheel over and over again by repetitive unwanted events. This way of thinking requires vision and commitment of the upper (corporate) management level as the maintenance and operational departments can never reach this goal individually. Subsequently, it requires total commitment of all departments and a proactive approach towards integrated asset management. Maintaining multi-million dollar pipeline assets is not an easy task and the costs involved are enormous. This paper describes an adaptive approach for an Integrated Maintenance Management System where the maintenance strategies are directed to where they will most benefit the safety, environmental and business goals of the asset.
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Pedraza Acuña, René, Daniel Mauricio Moncada Saavedra, Holman Fernando Rojas S., Pablo De Los Ríos Ibáñez, and John Freddy Caipa R. "Asset Integrity Management: Geohazards." In ASME 2013 International Pipeline Geotechnical Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/ipg2013-1952.
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TECNICONTROL S.A. and TECHNICAL QUALIFIED PERSONNEL have jointly developed an Assets Integrity Management solution specialized on GEOHAZARDS, conceived with the vision of completely implementing the continuous improvement process during all stages of the asset’s life cycle. This process is based on the implementation of technical-administrative management controls, by optimizing, planning and appropriately allocating investment resources and following a cost-benefit analysis philosophy, to all operations and processes in which hazardous materials are involved and have the potential of generating high level risks. The aim is that these risks are identified, assessed, understood and publicized so that mitigate, control or minimize, and prevent personal injury, irreversible damage to health, fatalities, environmental impact, loss of production, quality, image and profitability of processes and production facilities and treatment of hazardous fluids. The integration of the main processes of asset integrity management, focused on hazardous fluids pipelines exposed to geohazards, was divided into four main steps are Risk Identification, Remote Monitoring, Risk Management and Consulting, in which runs from the identification, description and classification of all natural phenomena by external forces that may affect the integrity of pipelines, along with real-time measurement and remotely adequate instruments of the major variables that cause likelihood of injury, by shifting to the associated risk management, by implementing methodologies and continuous improvement processes and focused to evaluate, assess and manage risk, and ending the process with recommendations consultancy studies for assessing threat mitigation alternative civil works or similar. Tecnicontrol S.A. has implemented this Asset Integrity Management process taking advantage of the experience gained over 20 years of involvement in the field of Integrity, working with several operators and customers.
Reports on the topic "Visitor impact management"
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Bedford, Philip, Alexis Long, Thomas Long, Erin Milliken, Lauren Thomas, and Alexis Yelvington. Legal Mechanisms for Mitigating Flood Impacts in Texas Coastal Communities. Edited by Gabriel Eckstein. Texas A&M University School of Law Program in Natural Resources Systems, May 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.37419/eenrs.mitigatingfloodimpactstx.
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Flooding is a major source of concern for Texas’ coastal communities. It affects the quality of infrastructure, the lives of citizens, and the ecological systems upon which coastal communities in Texas rely. To plan for and mitigate the impacts of flooding, Texas coastal communities may implement land use tools such as zoning, drainage utility systems, eminent domain, exactions, and easements. Additionally, these communities can benefit from understanding how flooding affects water quality and the tools available to restore water bodies to healthy water quality levels. Finally, implementing additional programs for education and ecotourism will help citizens develop knowledge of the impacts of flooding and ways to plan and mitigate for coastal flooding. Land use tools can help communities plan for and mitigate flooding. Section III addresses zoning, a land use tool that most municipalities already utilize to organize development. Zoning can help mitigate flooding, drainage, and water quality issues, which, Texas coastal communities continually battle. Section IV discusses municipal drainage utility systems, which are a mechanism available to municipalities to generate dedicated funds that can help offset costs associated with providing stormwater management. Section V addresses land use and revenue-building tools such as easements, eminent domain, and exactions, which are vital for maintaining existing and new developments in Texas coastal communities. Additionally, Section VI addresses conservation easements, which are a flexible tool that can enhance community resilience through increasing purchase power, establishing protected legal rights, and minimizing hazardous flood impacts. Maintaining good water quality is important for sustaining the diverse ecosystems located within and around Texas coastal communities. Water quality is regulated at the federal level through the Clean Water Act. As discussed in Section VII, the state of Texas is authorized to implement and enforce these regulations by implementing point source and nonpoint source pollutants programs, issuing permits, implementing stormwater discharge programs, collecting water quality data, and setting water quality standards. The state of Texas also assists local communities with implementing restorative programs, such as Watershed Protection Programs, to help local stakeholders restore impaired water bodies. Section VIII addresses ecotourism and how these distinct economic initiatives can help highlight the importance of ecosystem services to local communities. Section VIX discusses the role of education in improving awareness within the community and among visitors, and how making conscious decisions can allow coastal communities to protect their ecosystem and protect against flooding.