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MacLennan, Lauren. "Expectations of visitors to natural areas." Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 1990. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/26213.
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Fernandez, Beraud Leticia. "Visitors' center of the Ybycu�i Park of Paraguay." Virtual Press, 1991. http://liblink.bsu.edu/uhtbin/catkey/845991.
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By law, parks are the only preservation areas in my home country, Paraguay. Still, these parks -including the Ybycui National Park- are facing environmental degradation (Sanjurjo, 1989). Misusage and overuse of these parks, due to lack of environmental awareness, greatly contribute to this situation.This creative project consists of the design of the Visitors' Center of the Ybycui National Park of Paraguay. Environmental education is one of the main issues addressed in this project. This Visitors' Center serves as a place to welcome visitors, to promote the park and its appropriate uses for environmental preservation purposes, and to increase environmental awareness in the country.The project will address issues of land analysis, architectural elements in the landscape (signage, fencing, seating furniture, etc.) within this national park setting, and major concentration in the Visitors' Center design. The functional program of the Visitors' Center will be oriented towards recreational and educational activities in both outdoor and indoor settings at the public and private levels. The master plan of the Ybycul National Park "Plan de Manejo y Desarrollo Conceptual del Parque Nacional Ybycui" (1975), will be my guide for the future development of the park.The Visitors' Center will be an important part of the park, for it will serve as the filter through which most of the visitors will pass. This entry will greatly influence their impression of and respect for the park.<br>Department of Architecture
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Chan, Po Yu. "Visitors' perceptions of the Hong Kong global geopark of China." HKBU Institutional Repository, 2013. https://repository.hkbu.edu.hk/etd_ra/1547.
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Ahmad, Siti Aznor. "Visitors' willingness to pay for an entrance fee a case study of marine parks in Malaysia /." Thesis, Connect to e-thesis, 2009. http://theses.gla.ac.uk/728/.
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Thesis (Ph.D.) - University of Glasgow, 2009.<br>Ph.D. thesis submitted to the Faculty of Law, Business and Social Science, Department of Economics, University of Glasgow, 2009. Includes bibliographical references. Print version also available.
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Saxen, Shelley Walker. "Park visitors and the natural soundscape : winter experience dimensions in yellowstone." [Missoula, Mont.] : The University of Montana, 2008. http://etd.lib.umt.edu/theses/available/etd-12112008-123204/unrestricted/umi-umt-1108.pdf.
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Thesis (Ph.D.) --University of Montana, 2008.<br>Title from author supplied metadata. Description based on contents viewed on May 15, 2009. ETD number: etd-12112008-123204. Author supplied keywords: natural sounds ; recreation ; visitor experiences ; national park policy ; soundscape policy ; soundscape management ; winter visitor experiences ; wildland recreation. Includes bibliographical references.
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Theron, Elizna. "Value delivered by private game reserves in South Africa : a comparison of visitors' and managers' perceptions." Thesis, Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10948/d1019980.
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The uniqueness of the wildlife and the luxurious nature of South African private game reserves could be seen as a valuable niche in the South African tourism market and for this reason make South Africa a desired destination. Due to complex visitor needs and demands regarding price, service, social connection, authenticity, quality or image, value perceptions will differ in terms of visitors’ experiences. If managers do not understand these value requirements, differences might exist between consumers’ and service providers’ perceptions of value. To maintain visitor satisfaction, loyalty and intention for return to the reserves, managers should continue to provide valued offerings and improve their visitors’ wildlife experience. This research investigated visitors’ perceptions of the value delivered by private game reserves in South Africa and compared these with reserve managers’ perceptions of the value delivered. The results of this research study could contribute to a better understanding of perceived value, which in turn could enhance the success of the private game reserves. The literature contextualised the South African private game reserve as part of wildlife tourism, the wildlife tourism offering and the characteristics of wildlife visitors. An overview of customer value, customer value models showing their development over time, and the conceptual framework of the current study was provided. The resulting conceptual model was used to evaluate managers’ and visitors’ perceptions of Quality, Monetary price, Behavioural price, Reputation, Emotional response, Social value and Novelty value delivered by South African private game reserves. The empirical data was collected by means of a survey, using two structured self-administered electronic questionnaires administered to the managers of, and the visitors to, private game reserves. One hundred and sixty two visitors and 30 managers participated in the survey. By performing exploratory factor analysis it was found that the seven value factors were consistent with the value dimensions reported in the literature. These were labelled as Quality, Emotional response, Monetary price, Reputation, Novelty value, Social value and Behavioural price. Most of managers’ perceptions of value provided exceeded visitors’ perceptions of value received. Both managers and visitors rated value items related to Emotional response highly. Considerably more managers (17 percent) thought that the reserve experience can be associated with good service, opposed to only 4 percent of visitors who perceived the service to be good. On the other hand, a larger proportion of visitors (29%) than the managers (20 percent) perceived the reserve experience as relaxing. Managers rated eleven of the thirteen game reserve attributes more positively than what the visitors did. Of these attributes, accommodation services, protection of the natural environment, game drives and service delivery, showed significant differences. It is recommended that South African private game reserve managers: • conduct market research to get a better understanding of what delights visitors. Research should be conducted on a regular basis to ensure management stays current with visitors’ changing needs; • determine whether the prices charged reflect the quality of the physical offerings, service delivery and the time and effort visitors spent to obtain the offering; • use the adventurous activities offered at the reserves as part of their promotional campaigns to attract adventure tourists; • train service delivery staff and game drive guides to educate visitors on the history, culture and eco-friendly practices related to their reserve; • always deliver superior service to ensure memorable wildlife experiences, value for money and exceed visitors’ expectations; • continue using websites, social media and magazines to inform the target market about the reserve offerings; and • stay in regular contact with visitors through social media, newsletters, blogs, follow up emails/calls or face to face discussions at the reserve.
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Maluwa, Lutendo Obed. "Satisfaction levels of visitors at the Tsitsikamma National Park." Thesis, Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10948/18058.
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The literature reviews on tourist satisfaction revealed that a satisfied tourist leads to positive word of mouth recommendation to friends and family, loyalty (return visits), competitive advantage and long-term profitability and sustainability. These favourable benefits resulting from satisfaction are necessary for any destination to survive in the competitive tourism industry. South African National Parks (SANParks) manages all 21 national parks in South Africa, with the TNP being the third in terms of visitor numbers and income generated from tourism products. Data captured from visitors to the TNP was used to achieve the goal and objective of this study. This goal was achieved by conducting a questionnaire survey at Storm’s River rest camp within the TNP from 01 May to 31 July 2015. A total of 120 questionnaires were completed and included in further analysis. The aim of this research was to determine the relationship between satisfaction, service and travel motivations of the visitors to the TNP. The statistical test was used to determine whether or not visitors’ expectations were met. This was also used to determine the relationship between travel behaviour, travel motives, and service satisfaction of the visitors to the TNP. Park management can use these results as tools to ensure that the product offered guarantees visitors’ satisfaction and therefore contributes to long-term park sustainability. Therefore, park management is able to obtain the ideal tourist experience by not only focusing on the travel motives but also on the quality of service delivered at the park. The results showed that park management needs to become aware of what the visitor sees as important factors for a memorable visitor experience and they can adapt certain aspects to improve the visitor’s experience. Park management can therefore improve their services and products as well as the quality thereof by knowing what the tourists see as important when visiting a national park to obtain a memorable experience, which will lead to positive word of mouth sharing, loyalty, increased revenue and sustainability of the TNP.
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Todd, Alexa North. "Mapping Sociocultural Values of Visitors on the Olympic Peninsula, Washington." PDXScholar, 2014. https://pdxscholar.library.pdx.edu/open_access_etds/1637.
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Contested land-management plans make spatial data about values that people attach to the landscape necessary for federal land management. The study area for this project is the Olympic Peninsula, Washington, an area that is divided by a complex mosaic of land jurisdictions, including public lands administered by the National Park Service, National Forest Service, and Washington State, as well as interspersed tribal and private landholdings surrounding the perimeter. During the summer of 2012, I collected map and survey data from visitors at fourteen popular destinations around the Olympic Peninsula, including visitor centers, campgrounds, trail access points, and a ferry. Three research objectives were evaluated in my thesis: 1) determine a general typology of visitors, 2) understand what values and activities visitors associate with places in the peninsula, and 3) compare visitor data with resident data from the Human Ecology Mapping Project (HEM), a collaboration between the US Forest Service Pacific Northwest Research Station, the Institute of Culture and Ecology, and Portland State University.
Analysis using ArcGIS included density and density hot spot calculations for a composite of the data as well as subsets based on types of visitors and individual values and activities. A majority of the participants were older males with higher education. Results indicate that visitors with different levels of familiarity spend time in different parts of the Peninsula. Aesthetic, recreation, and wilderness are the values most often included in the survey; hiking, non-cardio recreation, and sociocultural are the activity groups most often included in the survey. Visitors primarily mark places in Olympic National Park. Visitors, including those who live locally, responded in strikingly different ways than residents who participated in HEM. This research produced expected results that not only substantiate knowledge about specific places in the Olympic Peninsula, but also support theories about environmental cognition.
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Robbins, Marnin Lowell Weiss. "Comparing the influence of interpretive and sanction signs on visitors' attention, knowledge, attitudes and behavioral intentions /." California : Humboldt State University, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/2148/26.
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Rademaker, Lee Gregory. "Interpretive technology in parks a study of visitor experience with portable multimedia devices /." [Missoula, Mont.] : The University of Montana, 2008. http://etd.lib.umt.edu/theses/available/etd-11122008-113833/unrestricted/Rademaker_Lee_Thesis.pdf.
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Thesis (M.S.) -- University of Montana, 2008.<br>Title from author supplied metadata. Description based on contents viewed on June 15, 2009. ETD number: etd-11122008-113833. Includes bibliographical references.
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Beidleman, Carol Aileen 1956. "Visitor attitudes and perceptions of use management in Rocky Mountain National Park." Thesis, The University of Arizona, 1988. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/276758.
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Increasing visitation to national parks and the resulting resource impact has caused many park administrators to implement restrictive use management strategies. Though it seems clear that the resource has benefited from these use restrictions, little research has been done to determine their effect on the visitor. The goal of this study was to provide information to help guide the administrators of Rocky Mountain National Park in evaluating current use management actions and developing new ones in the future to both satisfactorily meet the protection needs of the resource and protect the quality of the visitor experience. Frontcountry campers were surveyed to determine awareness and attitudes about current and possible use management actions, perceptions of national park management purpose and challenges, and socio-demographic information. Respondents favored the majority of current use management actions, but were opposed to strongly restrictive actions considered as a possibility in the future.
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Hejdström, Aron. "Improving Swedish nature reserve visitor maps with focus on relevance and visual communication." Thesis, Malmö högskola, Fakulteten för kultur och samhälle (KS), 2013. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:mau:diva-23709.
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At first glance, the image of a map looks familiar to a graphic designer. It comprisescolours, shapes and typography. But beyond the graphical surface it hides a complex system of techniques and rules, like the clockwork behind a dial. This thesis tries toapproach and improve map production from a starting point in graphic design. Byaddressing visitor maps for nature reserves it aims to make nature more accessibleand appealing to a larger group of people.The main purpose of the thesis is to examine how Swedish nature reserve visitormaps can be improved with focus on relevance for their aims and use and how thisis communicated through the visual presentation. A secondary purpose is to examinehow to produce such maps in a rational way, using digital geographic informationsystems (GIS) and adopted working processes.The research was conducted using a combination of traditional methods and techniques combined with research through design activity. Methods and techniques were gathered from ethnography, action-research and usability-research and include literature studies, interviews, questionnaire surveys, participatory observation, action-research protocols, beta-testing and collection of samples.The design activity resulted in both free-standing sketches and map-sketches forthe Gotlandic nature reserves Langhammars and Stora Karlsö. Two processes and one descriptive structure were developed and described: a process to adopt visual representations of map-information to its contextual relevance, a process to produce nature reserve visitor maps, and a structure to present practical design work in a scientificcontext. Results also comprised collected answers, discussions and samples from questionnaire surveys, participatory observation, interviews and general research.The thesis concludes that it is fruitful to consider the visitor map as “a product made for use” and apply a usability-approach as it is rather an example of visual information than visual communication. Close research of both sender and users is also important to be ableto select, adapt and fine-tune the information in the map in relation to its aims and use.The digital possibilities that enables GIS to provide easy accessible and accurate data can produce efficient workflows in map design if combined with the graphic designers experience to develop and streamline design processes. The combination of modern technology, practical design work and research is profitable in both an analogue and digital context and makes visitor maps a contemporary and interesting area for both researchers and practitioners.
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Oost, Michelle. "The influence of visitor feeding and picnic areas on bird communities in rainforest reserves of Queensland and New South Wales." Thesis, Griffith University, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10072/366115.
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Feeding of wildlife is a popular pastime in urban houseyards, and some studies have indicated that it may also be a common activity in protected areas. Despite its popularity, there is much controversy regarding the possible benefits and impacts of wildlife feeding, and management of this activity in protected areas is further confounded by a lack of reliable research. Studies on wildlife feeding in urban areas and on supplementary feeding may provide valuable insights into expected effects in protected areas. Hence, Chapter 2 offers a detailed review of the current available literature on the feeding of wildlife, with a focus on the possible positive and negative effects of feeding in protected areas. Over 100 papers were sourced from scientific databases, bibliographies and private collections. Findings indicated that for the wildlife being fed there are few benefits and often numerous negative effects, both proven and anecdotal. Evidence suggests that feeding may, in some cases, lead to increased disease transmission, increased population levels, stress, injury and/or malnutrition, decreased home ranges, and changes in social structure and behaviour. Wildlife feeding has also been found to alter reproductive activities, including length of breeding season, breeding intensity, clutch/litter size, and in some cases, sex ratios of offspring. On the other hand, for the humans involved in wildlife feeding there are several possible, if not proven, benefits. These include positive influences on visitor experiences and attitudes towards wildlife, more predictable sightings of animals, and enhanced effectiveness of interpretation and education programs. There is also some evidence, although largely anecdotal, to suggest that there can be negative impacts on humans involved in wildlife feeding activities, including an increased risk of the spread of disease from wildlife to humans and a clear threat of serious human injuries in some wildlife feeding situations. Currently, the potential negative impacts of visitor feeding of wildlife on the wildlife involved far outweigh the positive benefits and this is a serious concern, particularly when feeding activities are occurring in protected areas where wildlife welfare and ecosystem integrity are key objectives. The potential negative impacts on the humans involved in wildlife feeding activities are somewhat balanced by the possible positive effects, although human safety is one major issue that needs to be assessed and managed on a site-by-site basis.. Further research is urgently required to determine the influences of feeding wildlife in reserves.<br>Thesis (PhD Doctorate)<br>Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)<br>School of Environmental and Applied Science<br>Science, Environment, Engineering and Technology<br>Full Text
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Murrieta, Saldivar Joaquin. "Scenic beauty and human perceptual dimensions of the Pinacate y Gran Desierto de Altar Biosphere Reserve, Sonora, Mexico: Visitors, community and managers." Diss., The University of Arizona, 2000. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/284269.
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Two research approaches were combined to study the perceptions, understandings and expectations of visitors, managers and local communities sharing the desert landscape within the recently created Pinacate Biosphere Reserve, Sonora Mexico. The psychophysical approach was applied to measure visitor's perceptions of scenic beauty and quality of outdoor experience in the Reserve. Students at the University of Arizona and tourists at Organ Pipe Cactus National Monument rated views from the road and major attractions presented as color slides arranged in a "virtual trip." Results indicated high internal reliability and consensus in ratings between groups. The highest ratings of scenic beauty were associated with lush vegetation, columnar cacti, rugged geological formations and volcanic features. Travel direction and order of "visitation" for the four major attraction sites were important variables affecting scenic beauty ratings (for road views) and enjoyment of the trip (for attractions), respectively. Questionnaires, structured and open interviews, and review of public meeting documents were used to assess and contrast the three different population's understandings and expectations regarding the shared desert landscape. The major themes that emerged focused on the trade-offs between environmental conservation goals and development needs of the communities living, or having vested interests in the Pinacate Reserve. Local community (Ejidos) members favored greater emphasis on utilization of natural resources for economic development. Biosphere managers held strongly to their environmental protection mandates, but struggled to find a balance between conservation goals and community needs. Eco-tourism was viewed by both populations as the most attractive option for achieving such a balance. Visitors agreed that tourism activities should contribute to the welfare of local residents, but in a direct trade-off they much more strongly favored management policies that protect the natural desert environment.
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Trevizor, Ana Mayumi Hayashi. "Influência da área de reserva legal sobre a biologia da polinização de SOLANUM LYCOPERSICUM L. híbrido pizzadoro (SOLANACEAE)." Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2014. https://repositorio.ufscar.br/handle/ufscar/27.
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Previous issue date: 2014-03-28<br>Financiadora de Estudos e Projetos<br>It is estimated that approximately 73 % of the world crops are pollinated by a bees. The constant alteration of habitats has led to the decline of pollinators, which may reflect limitations in the quantity and quality of the fruits and seeds grown, becoming one of the biggest problems when it comes to agricultural production. Studies with agricultural crops and their pollinators may contribute in seeking proposals that combine agriculture and conservation of forest fragments. The general objective of this work was to study aspects of Solanum lycopersicum L. hybrid Pizzadoro pollination. The specific objectives were: 1) verify if the floral morphology influences the behavior of the pollinator visits, 2) evaluate the richness of pollinating bees and pollinators at different distances from the Legal Reserve area, 3) compare the efficiency of three species of bees pollination in two treatments: spontaneous self-pollination, and pollination under natural conditions. The study was conducted on a conventional tomato cultivation in the municipality of Estiva Gerbi, Sao Paulo. Flowers were collected and observed under a stereomicroscope and scanning electron microscope. Efficiency was compared between Apis mellifera, Augochloropsis sp. and Exomalopsis sp. by Spears index. Observations and sampling were made in situ at 50, 100 and 150 meters from the Legal Reserve. It was found that the anther dehiscence is longitudinal and that the efficiency of pollination by A. mellifera (0.72) was similar to Exomalopsis sp. (0.85) and greater than Augochloropsis sp. (0.22). It is considered that the success of A. mellifera is associated with the floral morphology. Eleven species of insects, of which 7 were considered pollinators were found. Fifty eight floral visits were recorded, out of which 24 in quadrant A (50 m), 13 in B (100 m) and 21 in C (150 m), with A. mellifera dominant with 62.1% of visits, followed by Augochloropsis sp. and Oxaea flavescens both with 10.3%, Exomalopsis sp. with 6.9 %, Allograpta sp. with 5.2 % ,Bombus sp. with 3.4 % and Xylocopa sp. 1.7 %. The data indicates that the Legal Reserve played a key role in providing pollinators for tomato crops and therefore emphasizes the need for conservation and restoration of forest fragments to assist in increasing crop production.<br>Estima-se que aproximadamente 73% das plantas cultivadas mundialmente sejam polinizadas por alguma espécie de abelha. A constante alteração de habitats vem provocando o declínio de polinizadores, que pode refletir em limitações na quantidade e qualidade dos frutos e sementes cultivados, constituindo-se em um dos maiores problemas quando se trata de produção agrícola. Estudos com culturas agrícolas e seus polinizadores podem contribuir na busca de propostas que conciliem agricultura e conservação de fragmentos florestais. O objetivo geral do presente trabalho foi estudar aspectos relacionados com polinização de Solanum lycopersicum L. híbrido Pizzadoro. Os objetivos específicos foram: 1) verificar se a morfologia floral influencia no comportamento de visita do polinizador; 2) avaliar a riqueza de abelhas polinizadoras e visitantes florais em diferentes distâncias da área de Reserva Legal; 3) comparar a eficiência de três espécies de abelhas na polinização em dois tratamentos: kautopolinização espontânea, e a polinização em condições naturais. O estudo foi realizado numa área de cultivo convencional de tomate no município de Estiva Gerbi, São Paulo. Foram coletadas flores e observadas em estereomicroscópio e microscópio eletrônico de varredura. Foi comparada a eficiência de Apis mellifera, Augochloropsis sp. e Exomalopsis sp. pelo teste de Kruskal-Wallis. Observações e coletas foram feitas in situ a 50, 100 e 150 metros da RL. Verificou-se que a deiscência da antera é do tipo longitudinal e que não houve diferença entre as espécies de abelhas, ou seja, o número de sementes produzidas não depende da espécie de abelha. Considera-se que o sucesso de A. mellifera esteja associado à morfologia floral. Foram encontradas 11 espécies de insetos, das quais 7 foram consideradas polinizadoras. Foram registradas 58 visitas florais; dessas, 24 no quadrante A (50 m), 13 no B (100 m) e 21 no C (150 m), sendo A. mellifera dominante com 62,1% das visitas, seguida de Augochloropsis sp. e Oxaea flavescens ambos com 10,3%, Exomalopsis sp. com 6,9%, Allograpta sp. com 5,2%, Bombus sp. com 3,4% e Xylocopa sp. com 1,7%. Os dados indicam que a RL desempenhou um papel fundamental no fornecimento de polinizadores para a cultura de tomate e, por isso, enfatiza-se a necessidade de conservação e restauração de fragmentos florestais para auxiliar no aumento da produção da cultura.
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Milanowski, Shannon M. "Visitor Awareness of Low-impact Camping Techniques in the Wilderness Area Isle Royale National Park, Michigan: An Investigation of Possible Affecting Factors." Ohio : Ohio University, 2002. http://www.ohiolink.edu/etd/view.cgi?ohiou1037696738.
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Spann, Jason Hans. "Hoosier National Forest Hardin Ridge Recreation Area redesign : a visitor experience oriented approach to the design and management of the Hardin Ridge recreation area." Virtual Press, 1996. http://liblink.bsu.edu/uhtbin/catkey/1020169.
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This creative project examined design and management alternatives for the Hardin Ridge Recreation Area located in the Hoosier National Forest. The design intent of the project was to develop Hardin Ridge into a wildland recreation facility which offered visitors a variety of experiential opportunity and choice, and provided experiences which could effectively accommodate a demographically diversified population. This project would also provide environmental educational opportunities and attempt to retain the integrity of the sites natural systems. An examination of the importance and benefits of outdoor recreation, National Forest Service recreational planning, outdoor recreation demographic diversity and outdoor recreation design issues was conducted in formulating the projects design criteria and theory. This design criteria and theory was then utilized to create the design concepts directly applicable to the Hardin Ridge project site and develop a design ideology applicable to most U.S. wilderness recreation areas. The final product of the study was a design and management plan which effectively addressed the design objectives at Hardin Ridge and created a design model capable of meeting similar design objectives at the national level.<br>Department of Landscape Architecture
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Barros, Maria Isabel Amando de. "Caracterização da visitação, dos visitantes e avaliação dos impactos ecológicos e recreativos do planalto do Parque Nacional do Itatiaia." Universidade de São Paulo, 2003. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/11/11150/tde-23092003-140646/.
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O presente trabalho teve como objetivos descrever e avaliar as condições atuais dos impactos ecológicos e recreativos em trilhas e áreas de acampamento, além de obter conhecimentos sobre a visita e os visitantes do Planalto do Parque Nacional do Itatiaia (PNI). Com base nas informações obtidas, procurou-se compreender as relações uso-impacto e explorar as diretrizes para um programa de educação do visitante voltado para a prática de técnicas de mínimo impacto que contribuísse para atenuar os danos identificados. As informações sobre a visita e os visitantes foram obtidas através da aplicação de um questionário a 605 pessoas entre os meses de Fevereiro a Agosto de 2002. A avaliação das condições das trilhas e áreas de acampamento foi feita através do levantamento detalhado de indicadores de impactos ecológicos e recreativos. A partir de 1996 o número de visitantes no Planalto teve um aumento relativo maior do que na parte baixa do Parque, demonstrando que a demanda por atividades ligadas a caminhadas, ascensão de picos, escalada e acampamento aumentou. Entretanto os dados obtidos mostram que cerca de 84% das pessoas que visitam o Planalto do PNI concentram suas atividades em três lugares: o Pico das Agulhas Negras, o Pico das Prateleiras e o Abrigo Rebouças. A concentração do uso nas trilhas citadas possivelmente contribuiu para a ocorrência de valores significativamente diferentes encontrados para os indicadores de impactos relacionados à largura total, à profundidade do canal e à área transversal das trilhas estudadas. O nível educacional dos visitantes do Planalto é alto, com 72% das pessoas cursando ou com nível universitário completo. Esse dado, aliado ao fato de que 90% dos visitantes mencionaram que as ações de manejo do uso público presentes atualmente no Planalto não alteraram ou melhoraram a qualidade da sua visita é um indicativo de que os visitantes são receptivos a uma maior presença de ações de manejo da visitação e da aceitação de um programa de educação do visitante. A avaliação dos indicadores de impacto das áreas de acampamento mostrou que todos os indicadores sofreram uma diminuição nos valores entre os anos de 1998 e 2002, com exceção da área de solo nu, como resultado do fechamento das áreas após um incêndio no maciço das Prateleiras em Julho de 2001. O levantamento detalhado dos impactos nas áreas de acampamento mostrou que os problemas mais graves estão relacionados ao uso público e são resultado da falta de informação e conhecimento técnico dos visitantes sobre a magnitude dos impactos causados pela atividade de camping e as formas de minimizá-los. Com base nos resultados encontrados foram elaboradas diretrizes que poderão compor um programa de educação sobre técnicas de mínimo impacto para o Planalto do PNI. Elas devem incluir técnicas relacionadas aos seguintes temas: deteriorização das trilhas estabelecidas, abertura de trilhas secundárias, deteriorização de áreas de acampamento estabelecidas, proliferação de áreas de acampamento, lixo, dejetos humanos e aglomerações.<br>The goals of this research were to describe and evaluate the current ecological and social impact on trails and campsites, as well as to characterize the visit and visitors of upper Itatiaia National Park (INP). Based on this information, it was intended to understand impact-use relationships and to explore the guidelines of a visitor education program designed to encompass minimum impact techniques that would contribute to minimize the problems found. A questionnaire was applied to 605 people from February to August 2002 in order to get information about visit and visitors. Trails and campsites conditions were assessed through ecological and social indicators. After 1996 the number of visitors at the Parks upper lands was comparatively higher than the number of visitors at the lower Park. This demonstrates that there was an increase of interest about activities related to climbing, camping and hiking. Meanwhile around 84% of people that visit PNI highlands are concentrated at the two main peaks of the area, Agulhas Negras and Prateleiras, besides Rebouças Hut. The fact that the use is concentrated on the two mentioned trails possibly contributes to the values significantly different found in the impacts related to total trail width, trail depth and trail transversal area. The educational level of visitors is high, since 72% are in college or have a college degree. This and the fact that 90% of visitors mentioned that the presence of management actions did not disturb or contributed to their experience, is an indicator that PNI visitors are receptive to a higher presence of recreation management and would accept a visitor education program. The campsite impact assessment revealed that from 1998 to 2002 all indicators were reduced, with the exception of total bare area. That is the result of the campsites closure after a fire at Prateleiras Area in July 2001. The detailed assessment of campsite areas shows that the most important problems are related to use and result from lack of information and technical knowledge about impacts caused by camping activities and about ways to minimize them. Based on the results found guidelines of a visitor education program about minimum impact techniques were designed. They should include techniques related to the following issues: deterioration of constructed trails, development of undesired user-created trails, proliferation of campsites, deterioration of established campsites, litter, human waste and crowding.
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Lee, Martha Eugenia. "A marketing approach to providing recreation experience opportunities for wildland visitors /." 1991. http://hdl.handle.net/1957/10340.
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Mathis, Amy Lynn. "A survey of visitors to Mt. LeConte in the Great Smoky Mountains National Park." 2004. http://etd.utk.edu/2004/MathisAmy.pdf.
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Thesis (M.S.)--University of Tennessee, Knoxville, 2004.<br>Title from title page screen (viewed Sept. 21, 2004). Thesis advisor: J. Mark Fly. Document formatted into pages (xi, 111 p. : ill., maps, (some col.)). Vita. Includes bibliographical references (p. 72-76).
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""Light + space": information centre of walks, trails + country parks in Hong Kong." 2004. http://library.cuhk.edu.hk/record=b5891801.
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Lam Lai Ling Charis.<br>"Architecture Department, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Master of Architecture Programme 2003-2004, design report."<br>Includes bibliographical references (p. 136-137).<br>INTRODUCTION<br>Chapter PART I --- RESEARCH STUDIES<br>Observations<br>Exploration - Model<br>PRECEDENT STUDIES<br>Mass with light<br>Chapter - --- Peter Zumthor<br>Chapter - --- Louis I. Kahn<br>Chapter - --- Rafael Moneo<br>Chapter - --- Le Corbusier<br>Chapter - --- Tadao Ando<br>Chapter - --- Steven Holl<br>Chapter - --- Alberto Campo Baeza<br>Chapter - --- Carlos Ferrater Lambarri<br>Chapter - --- James Turrell<br>Chapter - --- Keith Sonnier<br>Law Court<br>Chapter - --- Sandwich-type<br>Chapter - --- Core-type<br>Chapter - --- Courtyard-type<br>Chapter - --- Distinct-type<br>Chapter PART II --- DESIGN<br>Site selection<br>Schematic design<br>Programatic design<br>Spatial design<br>Final design
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Pereira, Diana Solange Sousa. "Profiling visitors at the Desertas Islands Nature Reserve." Master's thesis, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.13/3538.
Full textAbstract:
This report aims to obtain a master's degree in ecotourism. It reflects a set of skills
developed during the internship at the Institute of Forests and Nature Conservation (IFCN),
IP-RAM, that manages the protected areas of Madeira's Autonomous Region.
Sustainable development is the most significant concern and goal of ecotourism to
improve the population's quality of life and guarantee future generations. A way to guarantee
a sustainable future is by creating protected areas, which play a significant role in conserving
nature. One of the instruments used to define protected areas and usage policies is to
characterize their visitors to understand how protected areas are used.
The Desertas Islands Nature Reserve is home to important ecological, natural and
landscape values, and the last report on the characterization of its visitors is dated from 2010-
2011. Therefore, a new study was carried out in the form of a questionnaire with 20 questions,
with the main goal of determining the visitors' profile of this reserve, their satisfaction and
opinions related to its management. Subsequently, the results obtained were compared with
the previous results.
The questionnaire was carried out between July and September 2020, in Funchal and
Machico's Ports, on board of the vessels, and online. A total of 385 anonymous
questionnaires were collected, of which 204 were completed by Portuguese and 181 by
foreign tourists. After statistical analysis, it was possible to conclude that the visitors are
mostly women, between 19 and 40 years old, of Portuguese nationality and higher education.
The typical tourist visits for the first time with family, by a maritime tourism operator.
They spend less than 3 hours on land in Deserta Grande, and the most popular activity is
wildlife observation. Visitors see the Nature Reserve classification as an important factor and
access this information before travelling via the internet, ending up recommending this visit.
The observation of wildlife and the quality of seawater were the most important aspects rated
for the trip. The aspect that caused the greatest satisfaction was the cleanliness of the reserve,
followed by the information presented on the trail.<br>A elaboração do presente relatório visa a obtenção do grau de mestre em Ecoturismo.
Este reflete um conjunto de competências desenvolvidas durante o estágio no Instituto das
Florestas e Conservação da Natureza, IP-RAM instituição que gere as áreas protegidas da
Região Autónoma da Madeira.
O desenvolvimento sustentável é a maior preocupação e objetivo do ecoturismo, de
maneira a melhorar a qualidade de vida das populações e garantir um futuro às gerações
vindouras. Uma forma de garantir esse futuro é através da criação de áreas protegidas, que
desempenham um papel significativo na conservação da natureza. Um dos instrumentos
utilizados para definir as áreas protegidas e as políticas de utilização, passa pela
caracterização dos seus visitantes, de forma a entender como são utilizadas as áreas
protegidas.
A Reserva Natural das Ilhas Desertas possui importantes valores ecológicos, naturais
e paisagísticos, sendo que o último relatório de caraterização dos seus visitantes realizado
pelo IFCN, IP-RAM é de 2010-2011. Deste modo, realizou-se um estudo em forma de
questionário com 20 perguntas com o objetivo principal de determinar o perfil dos visitantes
desta reserva, a sua satisfação e as opiniões relativas à sua gestão. Posteriormente, foi
efetuada a comparação dos resultados obtidos com os resultados anteriores.
O preenchimento dos questionários foi realizado entre Julho e Setembro de 2020, nos
Portos do Funchal e de Machico, a bordo de embarcações, bem como online. Foram
recolhidos 385 questionários anónimos, dos quais 204 foram preenchidos por portugueses e
181 por estrangeiros. Após uma análise estatística, foi possível concluir que os visitantes são
maioritariamente mulheres, entre os 19 e os 40 anos, de nacionalidade portuguesa e com
ensino superior.
O indivíduo típico, visita pela primeira vez com a família, por uma operadora de
turismo marítimo. Na Deserta Grande, passam menos de 3 horas em terra e a atividade
popular é a observação da vida selvagem. Os visitantes veem a classificação da Reserva
Natural como um fator importante, e acedem a informação antes da viagem pela internet,
acabando por fim recomendar esta visita. A observação da vida selvagem e a qualidade da
água do mar foram os aspetos mais importantes classificados para a realização da viagem. O aspeto que causou maior satisfação foi a limpeza da reserva, seguido pela informação exposta
no percurso.
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Tauoatsoala, Pascal. "Visitors perceptions on sustainable tourism practices at Groenkloof Nature Reserve." 2015. http://encore.tut.ac.za/iii/cpro/DigitalItemViewPage.external?sp=1001842.
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M. Tech. Tourism and Hospitality Management<br>This study was aimed at analysing the perceptions of visitors to Groenkloof Nature Reserve (GNR) with regard to sustainable business practices at the reserve. The study basically utilized three major methods of data gathering (viz. behavioural observation, interviews and questionnaires) to obtain all information required for such analysis.
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Poll, MJ. "Visitor experience in the Tasmanian Wilderness World Heritage Area." Thesis, 2005. https://eprints.utas.edu.au/15875/1/Poll_whole_thesis.pdf.
Full textAbstract:
The combined analyses undertaken by this study provide a comprehensive assessment of the robustness of visitor norms as inputs to the development of limits of acceptable change standards. This study is the first of its kind in Australia, and such an integrated study has not been reported in the literature. Consequently, this study establishes a model for similar assessments of the parameters that affect the quality of visitor's experiences in wilderness and natural protected areas.
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Mbenga, Emelda. "Visitor wildlife viewing preferences and experiences in Madikwe Game Reserve, South Africa." Thesis, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/10413/4529.
Full textAbstract:
Wildlife viewing is a form of recreation that is becoming increasingly popular throughout the world,
particularly in African protected areas. In order for protected area managers to cater for this demand
effectively, managers need to incorporate wildlife viewing recreation into the planning and
development of protected areas.
Protected area management has traditionally focused on the management of wildlife populations and
habitats to the exclusion of visitor recreational needs. Where visitor needs have been incorporated
into the planning and development of protected areas, this has been through the provision of inputs
such as facilities and wildlife. The experience-based management (EBM) approach to recreation
however proposes that people engage in particular recreation opportunities in order to attain certain
desired benefits or outcomes.
Madikwe Game reserve provides visitors with the opportunity to view a wide variety of game. The
aims of this study were to (1) provide an understanding of what visitors sought from their experience~
regarding wildlife viewing in Madikwe Game Reserve (2) classify the types of experiences desired by
visitors to the reserve using the EBM model as a framework and (3) examine management
implications of results. A survey of visitors was conducted in the reserve using a Pre-visit and a Postvisit
questionnaire.
Results from 178 respondents indicated that well-known species as well as rare/endangered specie:
were the most popular among visitors. Respondents were generally very satisfied with their wildlife
viewing experiences in terms of species abundance and variety, and information received about
animals. The results also suggest that additional information about items other than wildlife could
enhance the experiences of visitors to Madikwe. Three distinct wildlife viewing experiences desired
by visitors were identified, namely a High Involvement Experience, which had the highest interest in
almost all recreational opportunities, a Generalist Experience characterised by a moderate interest in
recreational opportunities and an Occasionalist Experience that displayed the least interest. While the
Occasionalist Experience is presently adequately catered for in Madikwe, lodge and park manager
can provide for the High Involvement and Generalist Experiences more efficiently by expanding the wildlife viewing experience that is currently offered in the reserve. This would be done primarily
through the expansion of informational items provided, and the development of activities associated
with wildlife viewing. The success of such measures would be dependent on the adoption of a
cooperative strategy between lodge managers, park managers and other relevant stakeholders.<br>Thesis (M.Env.Dev.)-University of KwaZulu-Natal, Pietermaritzburg, 2004.
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徐麗婷. "A Study on Visitors’ Behaviors and Norms at Wu-Shan-Ding Mud Volcano Natural Reserved Area." Thesis, 2010. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/73997700827871828400.
Full textAbstract:
碩士<br>高雄師範大學<br>環境教育研究所<br>98<br>Wu-Shan-Ding Mud-volcano Natural Reserved Area is the first Natural Reserved Area in Taiwan, where contains the most condensed mud cones and the most developed mud volcanos among other areas. Since this area has special geological feature, it becomes a good outdoor classroom. By using the on-site observation method, this study investigates visitors’ behaviors and improper behaviors. In addition, this study, by disseminating a questionnaire, analyzes the tourist attributes and the traveling characteristics and whether or not these factors influence visitors’ understandings of the landscape and their consent to the behavior norms.
Main results are listed as follows. (1) The majority of tourists only visited the A, B, and C mud cones, and stayed in the reserved area for approximately 10 minutes. (2) The most common improper behaviors are: “climbing up the mud cone,” “digging and scribbling the mud on body,” “drawing or writing on the mud flow.” (3) The majority of tourists are male college graduates, aged between 31-40 years old, from the southern area of Taiwan, who are the first-time visitors with the family members by cars. They have heard of information about mud-volcano mainly from colleagues, relatives, or friends, and intend to learn the beauty of nature. (4) In general, tourist attributes and traveling characteristics do not affect the understanding of the landscape and the agreement degree of the behavior norms. The more tourists understand the reserved area, the higher agreements they have to the behavior norms.
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Huang, E.-Ling, and 黃一琳. "A Study on the Differences between Peak and Off-peak Seasons Visitors on Lalashan Forest Reserve." Thesis, 2012. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/77666091862511032719.
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碩士<br>中國文化大學<br>觀光休閒事業管理研究所<br>100<br>This study surveys the characteristics of customers in peak season and off-peak season in a nature reserve. The seasonality of tourism industry is affected by seasons, climates, natural phenomena and holidays. The tourism demand increases during the peak season. However, the supply side is limited and hardly to satisfy all the tourists and the overcrowded tourists may cause environmental problems. On the contrary, the low demand during the off-peak season often results in oversupply and serious operation and employment problems to the hotel and the food and beverage industries. 312 and 282 questionnaires were collected during the peak and off-peak seasons from the visitors of Lalashan Forest Reserve regulated by the Forestry Bureau and planed to carry capacity control. The purpose of the survey was to compare visitors’ recreational motivations and recreation experiences between peak and off-peak seasons and visitors opinions related to the policy of carrying capacity control during peak season. The results indicated that during the off-peak season, the average age of tourists is older. Most of them arrive by their own cars with their family and friends. Over one-third of tourists came from the southern part of Taiwan. Tourists spent less time to plan their trips ahead and many of them decide at the last moment, but the staying time was longer. During the peak season, most tourists come from the northern part of Taiwan. Most of them arrived by travel buses with their family and colleagues. The push motivation and pull motivation of tourists between peak and off-peak seasons were quite different. The market segmented by recreational motivation indicates that tourists tend to agree Lalashan Forest Reserve in off-peak season is a safe attraction and suitable for family and friends to travel together. However, more tourists in peak season travel without plan and consider Lalashan Forest Reserve is good for relaxation. The recreation experiences in peak and off-peak season are also different. The visitor satisfaction in off-peak season is higher than in peak season. This survey also found that most interviewees agree with the regulation of carrying capacity control during peak season and give positive approving. Finally, this study suggests that the recreation management should use different marketing and operating strategies for different target groups during peak and off-peak seasons to improve the management performance and recreation quality.
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Helweg-Larsen, Kelda Jane. "ČaɁak (Islands): how place-based Indigenous perspectives can inform national park ‘visitor experience’ programming in Nuu-chah-nulth traditional territory." Thesis, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/1828/8048.
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This research project explores ways in which place-based Indigenous perspectives can inform national park ‘visitor experience’ planning, management, and information delivery. Engaged in collaborative processes with Tseshaht First Nation, this project explores knowledge of Tseshaht-identified places of cultural significance in Tseshaht traditional territory, discussed in the context of creating a web-based digital map. In attempting to explore Nuu-chah-nulth-informed ways in which to more widely share cultural history and knowledge in Pacific Rim National Park Reserve, I learned of the many dynamics that are revealed when the depth of Nuu-chah-nulth connections to place are made visible. This research project examines knowledge, power, and place in the context of Indigenous self-representation. Informed by Indigenous ways of knowing and Indigenous principles of knowledge-sharing, this thesis is an ethnography of knowledge-sharing in modern contexts fraught with issues of state power, commodification, and colonialism.<br>Graduate
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Lin, Cheng-Wei, and 林政維. "The Study on Objectives, Level of Importance & Satisfaction of Visitors-A Case of Wu-Shan-Ding Mud-volcano Natural Reserved Area." Thesis, 2010. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/69481201030189704297.
Full textAbstract:
碩士<br>高雄師範大學<br>環境教育研究所<br>98<br>Started from 1970, the global economic launching, the Industrial Revolution and the advance in technology, changed humanity's life style and the manner. Tourism and recreation have become part of humanity’s life.
This research goal is to analyze the tourist population and the residential district distribution between year 2008 and 2009, investigate the tourist intentions to visit the mud cone, and survey the degree of importance concern and satisfaction of tourists visiting mud volcano natural reserved area. The Wu-Shan-Ding Mud-volcano Natural Reserved Area is the study area. 170 tourists were interviewed or asked to complete the questionnaires. Finally, 150 valid responses were gathered for analyses.
This study utilize the Important Performance Analytic method (IPA) to examine the degree of importance concern and satistifaction that tourists held about the interpretation service in the study area. Results indicated that five of the dimensions, including “interpretation content”, “demand of interpretation service”, “function and value of education/dissemination”, “value of scholarly research” and “maintenance of the reserved area,” should continue to maintain the present situation. The other three dimensions, such as “design of interpretive sign”, “convenience of transportation” and “parking space” should be improved urgently.