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1
Brach, Michał, Tomasz Falkowski, Piotr Ostrowski, and Marek Przywózki. "Structure and utilisation possibilities of channel digital model in example of Vistula river in Warsaw." Annals of Warsaw University of Life Sciences, Land Reclamation 47, no. 4 (2015): 289–303. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/sggw-2015-0032.
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Abstract Structure and utilisation possibilities of channel digital model in example of Vistula river in Warsaw. During the analysis of channel processes, high dynamicity of fluvial environments in the area of Polish Lowland imposes the necessity to use spatial channel models, always defined for specific flow conditions. In this paper, a procedure to construct a digital model of the Vistula channel zone morphology in a GIS environment has been proposed, based on: results of the bathymetric examinations conducted by means of an assembly consisting of an echosounder coupled with a DGPS receiver; GNSS RTK measurements; analysis of remote sensing materials and digital terrain model. Examples regarding the use of so created models to characterise the environment of the Warsaw Vistula channel have been presented. The Vistula channel within the examined segment is a form with diverse morphodynamics. It consists of a quasi-natural zone, characterised by a relative ease of erosion and deposition processes, and an engineered channel zone. Apart from the hydrotechnical structures, a factor which conditions the character of contemporary channel processes along the engineered segment is its geological structure, mainly morphology and lithology of the contemporary Vistula alluvia substratum.
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Marcin, Hojan, and Rurek Mirosław. "Particle-size distribution of channel bars of the lower Vistula between Bobrowniki and Bydgoszcz-Fordon." GEOGRAPHY AND TOURISM 5, no. 2 (2017): 97–104. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.1118185.
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This study presents the diversity of sediments forming sand bars located in the Vistula channel between 695 km and 775 km of its course. The analysed section of the Vistula channel is located in the Toruń Basin. During the fieldwork carried out on 20-21 September 2011, 45 channel bars were identified and sampled. The collected samples were analysed in a laboratory. The obtained results were presented in the form of figures and graphics. The research related to the Vistula bed load performed to date was based on various research methods. The authors applied the sampling method used by Z. Babiński (1992). It was employed also by other authors (Habel, 2013). The obtained results were referred to other studies and the findings clearly indicate that such detailed research must be conducted along the whole middle section of the Lower Vistula valley.
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Szydłowski, Michał, and Tomasz Kolerski. "Hydrodynamic Model of the New Waterway Through the Vistula Spit." Polish Maritime Research 27, no. 3 (2020): 159–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/pomr-2020-0057.
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AbstractThe decision to build a new waterway (strait) in the Polish part of the Vistula Spit was made in 2017. The new connection between the Gulf of Gdańsk and the Vistula Lagoon is planned as an artificial navigable channel with a lock and a small port. During storm surges and wind tides in the gulf or in the lagoon, sluicing will be required for vessels to tackle the Vistula Spit. This procedure does not require significant water flow through the channel in normal conditions. However, in the case of a lock failure or in the case of controlled opening of the gate to increase water exchange in the lagoon or to reduce flood risk in the Vistula Lagoon, high flow rates may occur in the navigable channel and in the neighboring port basin. In order to inves-tigate the hydraulic conditions in such extraordinary situations, numerical modeling of the hydrodynamics during water damming in the gulf or in the lagoon is performed. To analyze the hydrodynamics of the artificial connection between the sea and the lagoon during periods of high water stages, mathematical modeling is required. This paper presents the shallow water equations (SWE) model adapted to simulate the flow through the port basin and the navigable channel. The calcula-tions allowed the relation between the water head and the capacity of the navigable channel to be found, as well as to analyze circulations which may occur in the port basin.
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Popek, Zbigniew, and Michał Wasilewicz. "Variability of morphological conditions of the Vistula river channel in the section Czerwińsk-Kępa Polska." Annals of Warsaw University of Life Sciences, Land Reclamation 47, no. 1 (2015): 19–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/sggw-2015-0011.
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Abstract: Variability of morphological conditions of the Vistula river channel in the section Czerwińsk-Kępa Polska. The paper presents an assessment of morphological changes that occurred in the Vistula river channel in selected section of about 33 km long, located in the middle of the Vistula river course between Czerwińsk and Kępa Polska (km 576–609). Based on the analysis of archival material from 1972–2009, a characteristics of river channel changes, taking primarily into account the horizontal layout (shape in the plan), was obtained. An attempt was made to estimate the trends and rate of transformation of the following parameters in the river channel: width, length, and position of the riverbanks, abundance and size of islands and fluvial deposits, as well as their percentage in the total area of the main river channel and the floodplain area between levees.
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Wyrzykowska, Barbara, Jerzy Falandysz, and Grażyna Jarzyńska. "Metals in edible fish from Vistula River and Dead Vistula River channel, Baltic Sea." Journal of Environmental Science and Health, Part B 47, no. 4 (2012): 296–305. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/03601234.2012.638890.
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Majewski, Wojciech. "The Lower Vistula and Its Ice Problems." Archives of Hydro-Engineering and Environmental Mechanics 68, no. 1 (2021): 41–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/heem-2021-0004.
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Abstract In many countries of the northern hemisphere during winter period ice forms appear on various water bodies, which results in significant changes of physical, chemical and ecological conditions. These changes are different in rivers, channels, lakes or once-through reservoirs. On the terrain of Poland ice always caused considerable problems affecting intensive inland navigation and other river use. These problems appeared especially on the Vistula River, which in 17th and 18th century was one of the most navigable rivers in Europe. The Vistula is the largest Polish river, which flows from the south in the Carpathian Mountains to the Baltic Sea in the north. It is the second largest river, after Neva, of the Baltic Sea catchment. The length of the Vistula is 1047 km and its catchment amounts to 194 thousand km2. The predominant part of the Vistula river basin (87%) is now on Polish territory and the remaining (13%) catchment is in Belarus, Ukraine and Slovakia. The course of the Vistula can be divided into three distinctly different sections: upper, middle and lower. These river sections have appropriate catchments with their tributaries. There are hydraulic structures on the main river course and on its tributaries which serve navigation, hydroenergy, flood protection, water supply and recreation. All over the Vistula catchment there are frequent floods during spring and summer time resulting from excessive precipitation but in winter caused by ice phenomena. Numerous flow problems appear especially along the lower Vistula course because of ice phenomena and they result very often in severe flood problems. The Vistula has a very variable time and spatial discharge, because of existing climate conditions over its catchment. The aim of the paper is to present hydraulic and hydrologic characteristics of the Lower Vistula river with special emphasis on the management of this river section for navigation, hydroenergy, flood protection and water supply in view of ice phenomena appearing there. Information concerning changes of water characteristics due to various water temperatures are presented as well as on the formation of various forms of ice in flowing water. Numerous ice studies were carried out in Poland and especially on the Lower Vistula section as it was very ice prone and where many ice jams and ice-jam floods occurred. A special hydraulic situation existed at the mouth of the Vistula, which caused important floods in the 18th century and resulted in the construction of a special direct channel to the sea (Przekop Wisły) solving flood problems in this area. Information is presented on changes in open channel flow due to the appearance of ice cover and other ice forms. The paper includes ample information on the run, consequences and studies connected with a very important ice-jam-flood on the upper part of Włocławek reservoir in 1982.
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Babiński, Zygmunt, Michał Habel, and Sergey Chalov. "Prediction of the Vistula Channel Development Between Wloclawek and Torun: Evaluation with Regard to the New Geological Survey." Quaestiones Geographicae 33, no. 3 (2014): 7–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/quageo-2014-0025.
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Abstract The aim of this paper is to present the geological structure of the Vistula river valley floor as the modifying factor of fluvial processes and present the development conditions of the contemporary Vistula river channel, which underwent marked transformation due to bed erosion and lateral erosion below the Włocławek reservoir. The analysis of the geological data and the geological survey conducted at the study reach of the Vistula between Włocławek and Toruń resulted in an image of the geological structure of the channel bed along the longitudinal profile
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Bukaciński, Dariusz, Monika Bukacińska, and Arkadiusz Buczyński. "Awifauna wodno-błotna środkowej Wisły w okresie lęgowym: wpływ działalności człowieka na rozmieszczenie, liczebność i bogactwo gatunkowe." Studia Ecologiae et Bioethicae 9, no. 2 (2011): 67–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.21697/seb.2011.9.2.04.
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The inventory of birds was conducted in the years 2005-2010 on the Vistula River section between Dęblin (388 km of the river) and Podwierzbie (435 km of the river). The study area includes a southern section of the European Ecological Natura 2000 Site in Poland PLB140004 „Middle Vistula River Valley” (IBA, PL083). In most areas the Vistula flows here within unregulated or relatively little modified riverbed, having features of natural, lowland, braided river. Sandy islands and braid bars within the main channel, steep banks, and old riparian afforestation create the unique breeding habitats of the Vistula River Valley. Especially the river channel habitats provide suitable breeding sites for many rare bird species, constituting some of them the key-breeding sites. There are, however, fragments of several kilometers, where people transformed the Vistula River in a more visible way (Table 1). These are, among others: an urban section within Dęblin boundaries (km 388-393 of the river), a fragment adjacent to Kozienice Power Plant (km 421-426), and the area, where since 2007 gravel for the industry has been mining from the river bottom (km 426-431). The aim of this inventory was the comparison of richness and abundance of breeding bird species associated directly with the river channel on fragments mentioned above. It will allow us to estimate soberly how very the intensity of human utilization of the river affects the distribution of avifauna of the Vistula, determining the richness and abundance of valuable and/or endangered species breeding in a given area.
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Wasil, Rafał. "Rewitalizacja szlaków wodnych Delty Wisły i Zalewu Wiślanego." GEOGRAPHY AND TOURISM 3, no. 1 (2015): 11–19. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.19492.
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The system of different waterways makes possible to join the area of Vistula Delta with the system of European waterways. It is enable by shipping lanes joining ports situated at the Vistula Lagoon with sea-ports of Kaliningrad, Trójmiasto and others. Inland waterways join Vistula Delta with the system of similar waterways in Western and Eastern Europe. Finally, the trail Elbląg Channel links Vistula Lagoon with the lakes of Mazury. The basic condition of inland navigation development, therein the development of tourism on the area of Vistula Delta and Vistula Lagoon, is a modernization and extension of the inland waterways. Because of that there is implemented a Program of Vistula Delta and Vistula Lagoon Waterways Development. One of important results is a project “Pętla Żuławska – International Waterway E-70” which is executed on the area of two voivodeships: pomorskie and warmińsko-mazurskie.
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Sosnowska, Anna. "Dynamics of mid-channel bars in the Middle Vistula River in response to ferry crossing abutment construction." Open Geosciences 12, no. 1 (2020): 290–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/geo-2020-0049.
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AbstractThe investigation focused on the non-migrating mid-channel bars that emerged in the river channel as a consequence of river engineering. A reach of around 280 km of Middle Vistula River (Poland) was taken into account as the study site. The most vivid examples of the river engineering works potentially influencing the river channel are the ferry crossings. Along the Middle Vistula River reach, there are 17 ferry crossings that were constructed from 1970s to 1990s. A cartographic analysis was carried out to determine the influence of the ferry crossing construction over the river channel. It was performed on the basis of aerial photographs (traditional aerial photography and UAV photography). In 3 out of 17 potential localizations, the emergence of large non-migrating mid-channel bars was observed. A study of cartographic materials (from 1950s to 2000s) allowed determination of the dynamics of those bars, including time of emergence and the changes of their size.
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Czaja, Jakub. "Hydrological effects of the hydraulic structures constructed in the valley of the River Little Vistula in Poland from the mid-18th century to the present." Environmental & Socio-economic Studies 5, no. 1 (2017): 25–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/environ-2017-0003.
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AbstractThis study of the hydraulic structures constructed in the River Little Vistula (Mała Wisła) valley covers its western reach from the village of Strumień (Schwartzwasser) to the mouth of the River Przemsza. Its purpose was to assess the impact of these structures on changes in the conditions of runoff formation within the valley from the mid-18th century to the present. Historical materials (maps, sketches and plans) collected in the State Archives in Opole and Katowice were used in the study. Analyses of Austrian plane-table maps from the years 1763–1764 and 1861–1862 (1:28 800 scale) and of Prussian maps from the years 1827–1828 and 1881–1883 (1:25 000 scale) were also conducted. As a result of the study, the type and rate of hydraulic works were determined along with the techniques and methods used when constructing these structures in the 18th and 19th centuries. It was found that during the last 260 years, the main channel of the River Little Vistula moved within the meandering zone. Within the area of the Zarzecze and Mała Wisła settlements, a “new” River Vistula channel was formed during the flood in 1736, which shifted ca. 0.5–1.0 km to the south. The hydraulic structures which were constructed, mainly levees, caused water levels to rise excessively in the area during high water stages and the swollen waters often causing the levees to cave in, or to breach them. The river engineering work which was conducted also affected the formation of runoff in the valley of the River Little Vistula. It has been found that both anastomosis processes and river meandering were inhibited. In some channel reaches, temporal activation of deep erosion processes as well as channel shallowing were observed. Deep erosion reached up to 2 metres and channel shallowing up to 1 metre. These processes took place during river engineering work and the River Vistula bed took around a dozen years to stabilise following the completion of the work.
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Bortnyk, S., O. Obodovskyi, P. Gerszewski, et al. "THE REACTION OF ANASTOMOSING RIVER FLUVIAL SYSTEMS TO THE OPERATION OF A HYDROELECTRIC POWER PLANT." Visnyk of Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv. Geology, no. 4(95) (2021): 105–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.17721/1728-2713.95.13.
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The operation of the hydroelectric power plant is one of the main reasons for the transformation of river runoff. The change in the hydrological regime affects several other processes taking place in the river channel, including the transformation of its geomorphological features. The article presents the impact of the Kaniv and Włocławek dams on the hydrological regime of the middle Dnieper River and the lower Vistula River. The nature and magnitude of changes in the Dnieper and The Vistula rivers flow regime caused by the functioning of the dams were determined using IHA (Indicators of Hydrologic Alteration) and the RVA (The Range of Variability Approach) method. It was demonstrated that the operation of the hydroelectric power plant especially in the hydropeaking system is the cause of a large flow alteration in respect of the frequency and duration of low- and high-flow pulses and the rate and frequency of change in the flow. It was assessed how the change in flow conditions in connection with the deficit of sediments affected the transformation of the Vistula and Dnieper river channels downstream of the dams. Based on our results, the reaction of the fluvial system to changes in the flow regime caused by the operation of the Kaniv and Włocławek hydroelectric power plants consisted in: 1) changing the width and depth of channels; 2) changing the size of the forms separating channels; 3) fixation of the anastomosing fluvial system. More dynamic water flows due to the operation of hydroelectric power plants modify and dynamize the natural process of evolution of a fluvial system into an anastomosing system by causing the incision and narrowing of the main channels, because of which the side channels occupy a higher position above them. On the other hand, the equalization of the water flow in the channels causes a decrease in the water level and the disappearance of the flow in the side channels. As a result, the islands separated by these channels merge and inter-channel areas are formed.
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Bukaciński, Dariusz, Monika Bukacińska, and Arkadiusz Buczyński. "Wetland birds of middle Vistula River during breeding season: the impact of human activities on the distribution, abundance and richness of species." Studia Ecologiae et Bioethicae 18, no. 5 (2020): 335–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.21697/seb.2020.18.5.30.
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The inventory of birds was conducted in the years 2005-2010 on the Vistula River section between Dęblin (km 388 of the river) and Podwierzbie (km 435 of the river). The study area includes a southern section of the European Ecological Natura 2000 Site in Poland PLB140004 "Middle Vistula River Valley” (IBA, PL083). On most areas the Vistula flows here within unregulated or relatively little modified riverbed, having features of a natural, lowland, braided river. Sandy islands and braid bars within a main channel, steep banks and old riparian afforestation create the unique breeding habitats of the Vistula River Valley. Especially the river channel habitats provide suitable breeding sites for many rare bird species, constituting for some of them the key-breeding sites. There are, however, fragments of several kilometres, where people transformed the Vistula River in a more noticeable way (Table 1). These are, among others: an urban section within Dęblin boundaries (km 388 to km 393 of the river), a fragment adjacent to Kozienice Power Plant (km 421 to km 426) and the area, where since 2007 gravel for industry has been mined from the river bottom (km 426 to km 431).
 The aim of this inventory was the comparison of richness and abundance of breeding bird species linked directly to the river channel in fragments mentioned above. It will allow to estimate soberly how very the intensity of human utilization of the river affects the distribution of avifauna of the Vistula, determining the richness and abundance of valuable and/or endangered species breeding in a given area.
 In the years 2007-2009 within a whole study area 32 breeding species characteristic for the riverbed and its surroundings were recorded. Among them 6 are threatened in Poland: mew gull (Larus canus), little tern (Sternula albifrons), ringed plover (Charadrius hiaticula), Eurasian oystercatcher (Haematopus ostralegus), corncrake (Crex crex) and hoopoe (Upupa epops) (Table 2a, b). The comparison of bird richness revealed significant differences between adjoining fragments of the river (Table 3). Decidedly the most valuable was the section between Wróble and Kozienice Power Plant (km 416-421). The Vistula River flows here within a riverbed only a little changed by man. It has an appearance typical for a large, lowland braided river with meandering channels, network of small side channels, steep banks, sandy bars and different kind of islands. Such differentiated environment is reflected in richness of birds. The association of 27-30 species reached here the total density of 337-397 pairs/km along the river, unparalleled in other habitats (Table 3). The urban section within Dęblin boundaries (km 388-393) and a 5-kilometer-long area of gravel mining (km 426-431) were much less attractive for birds. Straight, much narrower river channel, small number of islands in a main channel and a degraded valley in the vicinity of river banks caused, that only six to ten species nested there, of the total density ranged between 2.0-2.7 pairs/km on the urban fragment and 3.8-6.6 pairs/km within the gravel pit area (Table 3). However, these values are quite high in comparison to those recorded for the fragment adjoining Kozienice Power Plant (km 421-426). The river channel is here clearly contracted and the bottom is deepened. The river flows fast within one channel. Numerous, concrete, submerged groynes, revetments on both sides of the river and a bank made of concrete, protecting a power station are very characteristic for this place. Such a man-made environment almost excludes the possibility of breeding of birds within a riverbed. Only single pairs of lapwings (Vanellus vanellus), common sandpipers (Actitis hypoleucos), little ringed plovers (Charadrius dubius) and goosanders (Mergus merganser) occurred here, sporadically also common terns (Sterna hirundo) (Table 2a,b). The total density was very low and did not exceed 1.5 pairs/km along the river.
 The yearly surveys of birds in the years previous to and after beginning of a gravel and sand mining from the river bottom allowed to estimate if the development had changed somehow the status of riparian bird populations. During three years of an activity a negative impact of the development on the richness and abundance of bird species was not recorded, both in direct vicinity and on the fragment below (Table 4). Not the small harmfulness of the development finally influences the status and changes of avifauna in these sections, but the place where it is situated. It should be kept in mind that the sand mining takes place only within 2 km of the section of Vistula that is regulated to a large degree, and the section above is almost unavailable for riparian birds (Kozienice Power Station). One can assume with high probability bordering on certainty that when the gravel excavation took place on the fragment between km 393 and km 421 or below km 431 of the river, the negative impact of the development on breeding habitats and avifauna of the river channel would be much more noticeable and worse still – it would be irreversible. Both fragments mentioned above are now unique places, where the bird association characteristic for the unregulated channel of lowland river can be found – the environment, which irrevocably declines due to human activities.
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Schoeneich, Marta, Michał Habel, Dawid Szatten, Damian Absalon, and Jakub Montewka. "An Integrated Approach to an Assessment of Bottlenecks for Navigation on Riverine Waterways." Water 15, no. 1 (2022): 141. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w15010141.
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Water transport, both sea and inland, is the cheapest, least invasive, and safest option for non-standard loads; hence, it is important to increase the percentage share of inland waterway transport on the rivers of Central and Eastern Europe. Transporting cargo is particularly difficult on shallow waterways because rivers overloaded with sediment determine the vertical parameters on inland waterways. A ship’s safe manoeuvrability depends on the available water depth of the navigational area concerning the vessel’s draught. The draught is related to channel depth and sediments. The paper presents a model assessment of a new tool for studying limitations for ships carrying oversized cargo and the shallow channel bed inland waterways. Our analysis was carried out on the Vistula River lowland reach for the winter hydrological conditions. The Lower Vistula River in Poland is a clear example of a sedimentation problem. This waterway is also a zone of active sediment transport of sandy material; a massive volume of sediment reaches 1 million cubic meters per year. The results of this research could be helpful for inland transport management, risk assessment of ships entering waterways with shallow channel beds such as the Vistula River, and analysis for a new waterway project.
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Semenova, A. S., and O. A. Dmitrieva. "Plankton communities of the “Pregolya River – Vistula Lagoon – Kaliningrad Sea Channel (KSC) – Baltic Sea system”." Proceedings of the Zoological Institute RAS 327, no. 3 (2023): 430–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.31610/trudyzin/2023.327.3.430.
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The species composition, abundance and biomass, trophic relationships of phytoplankton and zooplankton, as well as the proportion of dead individuals in zooplankton were studied in the water system "Pregolya River – Kaliningrad Sea Channel (KSC) – Vistula Lagoon – Baltic Sea" in July, August and October 2021. In total 173 taxa of phytoplankton and 73 taxa of zooplankton were found during period of investigation. The maximal species diversity was observed in the summer period, in autumn it was decreasing. The maximum number of taxa for both phyto- and zooplankton was found in the Vistula Lagoon and in the KSC, the minimum – in the Baltic Sea. In summer the 3 communities in phytoplankton, 4 in zooplankton, in autumn – 3 communities in both phyto- and zooplankton were found. The plankton communities were confined to water areas with different salinity: The Pregolya River, the KSC and the Vistula Lagoon, the Baltic Sea. The dominant complex of species at the stations differed; species of a predominantly freshwater complex were noted in the Pregolya River, brackish-water species were found in the Vistula Lagoon, and a marine complex of species was identified at the stations of the sea strait and in the Baltic Sea. More abundant plankton communities both in summer and autumn were in the KSC and the Vistula Lagoon (phytoplankton biomass varied from 1.19 g/m3 to 11.89 g/m3; zooplankton biomass varied from 305 mg/m3 to 1801 mg/m3). In this area the most optimal conditions for the development of plankton were formed such as an increased nutrient content and maximum water heating. Plankton communities both in the Pregolya River and in the Baltic Sea in summer and autumn were less abundant (phytoplankton biomass varied from 0.16 g/m3 to 2.50 g/m3; zooplankton biomass varied from 34 mg/m3 to 468 mg/m3). The most intense trophic relationships in the plankton community in the summer in the Baltic Sea, optimal – in the KSC and in the Vistula Lagoon were formed. The proportion of dead individuals in the zooplankton of the studied system in both seasons was maximal in the areas, which had the critical salinity for hydrobionts and high turbulence conditions such as KSC, the Sea strait and at the exit from Sea strait.
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GUMENUK, Ivan S., Alexander V. KILESOV, Vladimir A. GRITSENKO, and Pavel P. CHERNISHKOV. "On the Need of a Comprehensive Risk Assessment of the Implementation for Major Infrastructure Projects in Kaliningrad (Vistula) Lagoon." Journal of Environmental Management and Tourism 7, no. 4 (2017): 625. http://dx.doi.org/10.14505//jemt.v7.4(16).09.
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Kaliningrad/Vistula lagoon is divided by state border into two approximately equal parts that belong to the Republic of Poland and the Russian Federation. In the context of cross-border nature of the gulf, the implementation of large-scale projects – projects for the construction of a deepwater port in the Russian part of the gulf or the navigable channel on the Polish part of the spit – acquire the level of international cross-border projects that require coordination and approval at the international level, as the effects (primarily geo-ecological) from the implementation of such projects affect both sides of the unified nature system of the bay. As part of this work, the authors analyze the complex and in many ways contradictory situation around the Polish project to build a navigable channel through the Polish part of the Baltic/Vistula spit. The main conclusion that the authors make – projects of this magnitude require the joint interstate approval, including the consent of all the inhabitants of the coastal areas of the Kaliningrad / Vistula bay.
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Kurhanevych, L. P., and M. Z. Shipka. "GEOECOLOGICAL STATE OF THE FLOODPLAIN AND CHANNEL COMPLEX OF THE POLTVA RIVER BASIN (VISTULA RIVER BASIN REGION)." Hydrology, hydrochemistry and hydroecology, no. 1 (56) (2020): 64–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.17721/2306-5680.2020.1.7.
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In accordance with the water management zoning of the territory of Ukraine, the Poltva river basin belongs to the Vistula river basin region. The evaluation methodology of the channel and floodplain river complex state was proposed by Himko R. V. (2005). According to this methodology, the parameters (23 indicators), characterizing river state by points scale (5 quality classes), were defined. The research included three steps. During the preparatory stage cartographic materials were investigated and the coastal protection zones were highlighted. The fieldwork stage included: visual assessment of water quality and of the state of channels; identification of sources of pollution and clogging of waters and coastal areas; study of features of anthropogenic load within floodplains. In the third stage, generalization and evaluation works were carried out. Wastewater discharges from enterprises and coastal settlements affect the water quality of the study area. Lviv has the greatest economic impact on the Poltva river due to its channelling within the city and due to large volumes of wastewater discharges (121.4 million m3 in 2017). The water quality of the Poltva River tributaries depends on sewage discharges from small industrial and public utilities, as well as on unauthorized sewage discharges in villages. Significant parts of the river channels are regulated. Drainage systems, that occupy much of the study area, as well as ponds and small reservoirs, directly affect on the hydrological regime of the rivers. The level of land-use of coastal territories is characterized by their urbanization level and their level of plowing. The urbanization of the upper reaches of the Poltva river valley is a determining factor that has influenced the sanitary status of its channel. Outside the Lviv city, many coastal areas (within the coastal protection zones) are plowed. Overgrowing of waters and obstruction of channels by water and coastal plant remains lead to a significant deterioration of sanitary conditions of the rivers, hence to secondary contamination of its waters. Geoecological state of the Poltva river channel and floodplain complex was designated as «unsatisfactory» (4th grade from 5 classes), of Yarychivka and Gologirka river complexes – as «satisfactory» (3rd grade), of other rivers – as «rather good» (2nd grade). The rivers of the Poltva watershed are under significant economic influence. To improve the geoecological state of river channels and floodplains, a complex of water protection measures is required: reduction of insufficiently treated wastewater discharges of Lviv city; cleaning of watercourses; monitoring of compliance with water protection rules etc.
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Witak, Małgorzata, and Jarosław Pędziński. "Diatom record of progressive anthropopressure in the Gulf of Gdańsk and the Vistula Lagoon." Oceanological and Hydrobiological Studies 47, no. 2 (2018): 167–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/ohs-2018-0016.
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Abstract This study describes the subfossil diatom flora in the surface sediments of the Polish coastal waters in relation to human impact. The material studied consists of the uppermost parts of seven sediment cores collected from the SW Gulf of Gdańsk and eight cores from the Vistula Lagoon. Our results show the present-day ecological state of both basins just before the planned construction of a navigable channel of the Vistula Spit, which will be the next factor affecting their hydrology. In different parts of the Gulf of Gdańsk, cultural eutrophication resulted in a distinct “anthropogenic assemblage” in the surface sediments. Its structure relates directly to the distance from the mouth of the Vistula River. In the surface assemblages of the Vistula Lagoon, the number of salt-tolerant diatoms increased with the salinity of the basin. Locally, a large number of pollution-resistant taxa was also observed.
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Witkowski, Karol. "Socjohydrologiczne ujęcie relacji rzeka – człowiek w dnie doliny Wisły." Rocznik Spytkowicki, no. 2 (October 24, 2024): 8–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.12797/rspyt.02.2023.02.01.
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SOCIOHYDROLOGY APPROACH OF MEN -RIVER RELATIONSHIPS AT THE BOTTOM OF THE VISTULA VALLEY Until the second half of the 19th century, man used the environmental resources of the bottom of the Vistula valley, interfering with them only slightly. From the Stone Age, settlements on the Vistula River intensifi ed, but settlements were erected at a safe distance from the riverbed. Extensive use of the river for fishing and water intake did not disturb the hydromorphological processes. Therefore, the first signifi cant human pressure may have been the felling of trees in the floodplain in 400 BC – 200 CE. These activities accelerated the flow of flood waters on the floodplain while lowering their level. In the research section, the permanent development of the valley bottom began in the 13th century with the location of Spytkowice village. However, the gradual development of settlement up to Łączany was not intense. The densification of the buildings continues until the present day. However, it does not spread beyond the roles occupied in the 18th century. The Vistula was used for rafting. This caused attempts to turn the Vistula into the main transport route. From the time of the first hydrotechnical works, between 1869 and 1875, until the construction of the Smolice barrage in 2002, the Vistula bed was signifi cantly shortened and narrowed. These changes led to the incision of the channel. The construction of levees severed the natural connectivity between the river and its floodplain. Human activities have made the Vistula River even more dangerous due to erosion of the bottom and possible flooding in the event of the embankments breaking.
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Molenda, Tadeusz, Agnieszka Czajka, Stanisław Czaja, and Barbara Spyt. "Rapid River Bed Recovery after the In-Channel Mining: The Case of Vistula River, Poland." Water 13, no. 5 (2021): 623. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w13050623.
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The effects of in-channel wet-pit mining is nowadays widely discussed in terms of negative influence of the created pits on the river ecosystem and fluvial processes. The pits induce an alteration of natural flow or sediment transport. This paper describes the post-mining channel recovery observed in a relatively short time in a gravelly sand bed lowland river. The study was based on repeated bathymetry of the channel and grain size analyses of bed material taken from the mining area and its surrounding upstream and downstream pit. We also use calculations of possible bedload sediment movement in the studied river reach. We noticed that the excavation pit exceeded the maximum depth of 8.8 m in 2014 and, immediately after the end of mining, the bedload started to infill the pit. The bathymetric measurements in 2019 indicated that the process of pit infill was completed after five years, though the former pit is refilled with material finer than the natural bedload observed in the discussed river reach, and consists mainly of sand. The studied process of pit infilling runs continuously, even during the annual average water stages.
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Hojan, Marcin, and Mirosław Rurek. "Effect of Emergency Water Discharges from the Dam in Włocławek on the Sedimentary Structures of Channel Bars in the Lower Flow Regime of the River Vistula." Water 13, no. 3 (2021): 328. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w13030328.
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Changes in the stream flow contribute to transformation of the river channel due to erosion and accumulation. Channel bars move as a result of water flow. This article presents the results of studies carried out on two channel bars formed in the River Vistula that were transformed during emergency discharges of water from the Włocławek reservoir. In order to present changes in structure and texture, pits were dug in the channel bars and samples were taken for grain-size analysis. The rate of migration of channel bars caused by emergency discharges was determined. Sedimentary structures were recorded as groups of strata indicating a variability in flow conditions (2D and 3D dunes, parasitic ripple marks, reactivation surfaces). It was observed that changes in the level of water and flow are reflected in sedimentary structures. The emergent channel bars are affected by aeolian processes that wear the flow marks off.
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Bielawska, Marta. "Lithological features of Vistula River channel deposits in the light of micromorphological analysis." Landform Analysis 29 (December 31, 2015): 3–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.12657/landfana.029.001.
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Puzdrakiewicz, Krystian, Sandra Żukowska, Beata Chmiel, and Tadeusz Palmowski. "Wizje aktywizacji transportu wodnego w regionie Zalewu Wiślanego wyrażone w dokumentach strategicznych i planistycznych." Prace i Studia Geograficzne 69, no. 2 (2024): 33–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.48128/pisg/2024-69.2-03.
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The Vistula Lagoon region has well-established maritime traditions, but socio-economic and geopolitical problems make it difficult to exploit the potential of this location. In the study, a multi-criteria qualitative analysis of strategic and planning documents at four levels (national, supra-regional, regional and local) was carried out in terms of including in them issues concerning the activation of water transport in the Vistula Lagoon region. The results indicate that the water economy is a strategic economic sector for the lagoon municipalities. The navigation channel through the Vistula Spit is mostly perceived as a key investment for the activation of water transport in the region, although its assessment among municipalities is not uniform. Particularly important areas of intervention include the need to modernise the existing infrastructure and actively maintain it to ensure proper navigable conditions, as well as cooperation between different levels of government for effective planning and implementation of these visions in the functional area of the basin.
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Ostrowski, Piotr, Tomasz Falkowski, Dariusz Karczmarz, Przemysław Mądrzycki, and Henryk Szkudlarz. "The usefulness of low-altitude aerial photography for the assessment of channel morphodynamics of a lowland river." Annals of Warsaw University of Life Sciences – SGGW. Land Reclamation 49, no. 2 (2017): 95–106. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/sggw-2017-0008.
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Abstract The paper presents examples of using low-altitude aerial images of a modern river channel, acquired from an ultralight aircraft. The images have been taken for two sections of the Vistula river: in the Małopolska Gorge and near Dęblin and Gołąb. Alongside with research flights, there were also terrestrial investigations, such as echo sounding of the riverbed and geological mapping, carried out in the river channel zone. A comparison of the results of aerial and terrestrial research revealed high clarity of the images, allowing for precise identification of the evidence that indicates the specific course of river channel processes. Aerial images taken from ultralight aircrafts can significantly increase the accuracy of geological surveys of river channel zones in the Polish Lowlands due to low logistic requirements.
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Kalinowski, Marcin, and Rafał Koba. "Technical aspects of the International Waterway E40 – variants of the navigation channel route on the Vistula – Mukhavets section." Biuletyn Instytutu Morskiego 32, no. 1 (2017): 116–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0010.6981.
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Along the international waterway E40, there are many barriers and restrictions that make it difficult or in some cases impossible to conduct regular passenger or freight traffic. The biggest problem is the connection between the Vistula and Mukhavets rivers, and in fact, lack of this connection. Currently, the MDW E40 course on this section on the AGN maps runs along the Bug River, which cannot be considered for revitalization of this waterway for environmental reasons. As a result, research has been undertaken to work out proposals for new alternatives. Three variants of the route have been created in the form of a navigation channel. Each variant has been thoroughly explored in hydrotechnical, hydrological, environmental, economic and social terms. The results of the analyses were collected and compared to select the most optimal route variant of the navigation channel. The best connection was the Vistula from the estuary of the Wieprz River near the city of Dęblin with the estuary of the river Mukhavets. It is suggested to indicate this route as the most optimal, not only for economic and technical reasons, but above all, because this option will positively influence the development of the Polish inland waterway network. In addition, the least negative impact on the environment will occur in this case.
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Polunina, Ju Ju, and Zh I. Stont. "Wind effect on zooplankton distribution in the estuary of the Pregolya River (the Baltic Sea basin) after technogenic transformation of its riverbed." Marine Biological Journal 7, no. 1 (2022): 78–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.21072/mbj.2022.07.1.07.
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In 2014–2018, large-scale hydrotechnical works were carried out in the estuary of the Pregolya River. The structural changes in the summer zooplankton in the river mouth in 2019 were revealed in comparison with the data obtained prior the riverbed transformation. In June 2019, zooplankton total abundance and biomass were of (136 ± 111) thousand ind.·m−3 and (860 ± 840) mg·m−3, respectively. It is comparable with mean annual data of 1996–2006: (71 ± 66) thousand ind.·m−3 and (664 ± 337) mg·m−3, respectively. In the summer of 2019, for the first time, the euryhaline species Eurytemora affinis inhabiting the Vistula Lagoon was recorded in the Novaya Pregolya branch. The presence of this species in the river branches, as well as the values of water salinity, may result from an increase in the frequency or intensity of water surges into the river from the Vistula Lagoon. In this regard, the wind conditions in 1998–2006 and 2011–2019 were analyzed. In 2011–2019, there was no increase in the frequency of winds acting along the effective surge direction (southwest and west ones) compared with those in 1996–2006. However, a rise in the frequency of storms was noted, inter alia in summer. Westerly storm winds cause upstream water inflow from the Vistula Lagoon and channel. Probably, the destruction of river macrophyte communities, concreting of embankments, and a change in the channel bottom configuration affected the intensity of water inflow from the lagoon into the river branches during surges and became the main factor affecting the distribution of euryhaline species from the lagoon in the river branches.
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Bogdanov, Nikolay A., Boris V. Ermolaev, Oleg V. Bass, and Alina N. Paranina. "Mercury in the bottom sediments of the ship channel and river mouths: the Vistula lagoon." Geosfernye issledovaniya, no. 2 (June 1, 2020): 76–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.17223/25421379/15/6.
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Bogdanov, Nikolay, O. V. Bass, Alina Paranina, and Roman Paranin. "Mercury in the Bottom Sediments of the Ship Channel and River Mouths: the Vistula Lagoon." TransNav, the International Journal on Marine Navigation and Safety of Sea Transportation 14, no. 3 (2020): 697–700. http://dx.doi.org/10.12716/1001.14.03.23.
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Bonk, Maciej, Katarzyna Zając, and Anna M. Lipińska. "Rapid expansion of the Asian clam Corbicula fluminea (O. F. Müller, 1774): a new alien species in the mollusk community of the Vistula." Oceanological and Hydrobiological Studies 47, no. 1 (2018): 75–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/ohs-2018-0009.
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Abstract A new large population of the Asian clam Corbicula fluminea (O. F. Müller, 1774) was found within a reach (ca 210 km long) of one of the largest European rivers, the Vistula. The largest population and the largest individuals were found at the outlet of a channel collecting heated water from the cooling process at the Połaniec power station and adjacent parts of the river. In the northern part of the study area, bivalves occurred at the channel margins, in groyne fields, and in the shallows of sand banks or sandbars. The clams were less numerous in places where the river was regulated with straightened banks and stone ripraps. Twenty-five other taxa of mollusks were found altogether at the sampling stations where Corbicula was observed, including other non-indigenous mollusk species.
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Łajczak, Adam. "Changes in flood risk impacted by river training – case study of piedmont section of the Vistula river." Annals of Warsaw University of Life Sciences, Land Reclamation 46, no. 4 (2014): 317–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/sggw-2015-0006.
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Abstract Changes in flood risk impacted by river training - case study of piedmont section of the Vistula river. Main problems concerning the flood risk in piedmont section of the Vistula, Southern Poland, are discussed. This stretch of the river is channelized since the middle of the 19th century. It is part of the mainstream discussion of the effectiveness of existing river channelization methods. The following problems are analysed: (1) current state of flood risk, (2) the rate of river flow, (3) changes in flood risk since the start of channelization efforts with respect to changing channel geometry and changing rates of river flow reflecting the effects of channelization work. Substantially increased bankfull discharge in a channelized river may be considered as a stable hydrologic feature of the river stretch analysed. This means that the river is effectively reducing the quantity of water available for flooding the inter-embankment zone. This statement is the basis for analysis of changes in flood risk in the river studied. An assessment of changes in flood risk for the piedmont section of the Vistula cannot be categorical. Some changes in discharge help reduce flood risk, while others increase it. The paper is based mainly on the State Hydrological Survey data over more than the last 100 years, a large-scale maps over the last 230 years, and fieldwork conducted by the author.
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Gębica, Piotr, Andrij Jacyšyn, and Kazimierz Szczepanek. "Evolution of the Holocene alluvial fan of the River Stryi in the foreland of the Eastern Carpathians (Western Ukraine) .." Geographia Polonica 96, no. 1 (2023): 173–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.7163/gpol.0251.
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The research reconstructs the development of the alluvial fan of the River Stryi in the Holocene and dates the phases of increased river activity and their correlation with other valleys in the upper Dniester and Vistula river basins. The age of the palaeochannels and the stratigraphy of alluvial fills are based on radiocarbon dating supported by the results of palynological analyses. The oldest (fossil) palaeochannel of the Stryi was dated to the Younger Dryas. The large-radius meander was abandoned at the end of the Boreal Phase during the period of flood intensification at about 8700 BP. The uneven top of the gravels (cut by palaeotroughs of a depth ranging from 2 to 4 m) indicates that during periods of increased discharges (Younger Dryas, end of the Boreal Phase, late Atlantic and beginning of the Subboreal) the troughs were cut and filled with channel sands. From the beginning of the Subboreal Phase (5400-5300 BP), aggradation of the valley bottom has been predominant, which is manifested not only by the overbuilding of the floodplain but also by the gradual elevation of the channel. The accumulation of sandy-silty overbank sediments dated to about 8300, 5400 and 2800 BP correlates well with the beginning of humid phases and floods in the upper Vistula and upper Dniester basins as well as floods recorded in lakes in the northern foreland of the Alps.
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Fabiszewski, Wojciech. "The Fight for Free Navigation. Construction of the Channel by the Vistula Spit as Part of the Political Struggle with the Russian Federation." Confrontation and Cooperation: 1000 Years of Polish-German-Russian Relations 6, no. 1 (2020): 3–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/conc-2020-0001.
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Abstract As a consequence of Stalin’s decision, the Vistula Lagoon was divided between Poland and the Soviet Union. Since the Soviet fleet created a naval base in Bałtisko, from 1945 the possibility of using the waterway through the Bay by Poland was practically excluded. The Soviet side allowed iPoland to use the Gulf outlet only to a small extent. In practice, this meant the destruction of the seaport in Elbląg, but also radically limited the possibilities of economic development of this part of Poland, which for many centuries operated on the basis of the Polish economy. After 1989, the Russian side made it even more impossible for the Polish side to use transport routes through the Bay. Ultimately, Poland decided to build a canal through the Vistula Spit. This channel is to enable the revitalization of the port in Elbląg, but also the northern areas of Poland. The article presents the arguments of the Polish side, including economic ones, justifying the implementation of this undertaking.
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Falkowski, Tomasz, Piotr Ostrowski, Marek Bogucki, and Dariusz Karczmarz. "The trends in the main thalweg path of selected reaches of the Middle Vistula River, and their relationships to the geological structure of river channel zone." Open Geosciences 10, no. 1 (2018): 554–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/geo-2018-0044.
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Abstract Research carried out by the authors’ team in the valleys of many rivers in the Polish Lowlands has shown that the contemporary morphodynamics of channel zones is highly influenced by protrusions of erosion-resistant sub-alluvial bedrock. The article presents the results of analysis of two reaches of the Middle Vistula: near Solec nad Wisłą (km 330-340) and Gołąb (km 382-388), where such protrusions have been found. At each of them, two series of bathymetric measurements were carried out during medium and low water levels in the river channel. The measurements were made using hydrographic sets integrated with a GNSS receiver. The first series of measurements was carried out in July 2004, and the second one in September 2016. In parallel with the bathymetric surveys, low-altitude aerial photographs were taken in 2016 to document the morphology of the channel zone and the condition of the river engineering structures. A comparison of the obtained bathymetric maps shows a high correspondence between the thalweg line from 2004 and that observed twelve years later. This phenomenon proves the significance of the bedrock relief beneath the modern alluvial deposits for the water flow process in the channel. The relief causes the flow to concentrate in specific zones so strongly that it contributes to the damage of river engineering structures that put limits on the channel processes. This trend of concentrating the main thalweg is also accompanied by the diversity of depositional environments of river channel facies, identified along the studied reaches.
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Magnuszewski, A., and S. Moran. "Vistula River bed erosion processes and their influence on Warsaw’s flood safety." Proceedings of the International Association of Hydrological Sciences 367 (March 3, 2015): 147–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/piahs-367-147-2015.
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Abstract. Large cities have historically been well protected against floods as a function of their importance to society. In Warsaw, Poland, located on a narrow passage of the Vistula River valley, urban flood disasters were not unusual. Beginning at the end of the 19th century, the construction of river embankment and training works caused the narrowing of the flood passage path in the downtown reach of the river. The process of bed erosion lowered the elevation of the river bed by 205 cm over the 20th century, and the consequences of bed lowering are reflected by the rating curve change. Conditions of the flood passage have been analysed by the CCHE2D hydrodynamic model both in retro-modelling and scenario simulation modelling. The high water mark of the 1844 flood and iterative calculations in retro-modelling made possible estimation of the discharge, Q = 8250 m3 s−1. This highest observed historical flood in a natural river has been compared to recent conditions of the Vistula River in Warsaw by scenario modelling. The result shows dramatic changes in water surface elevation, velocities, and shear stress. The vertical velocity in the proximity of Port Praski gauge at km 513 can reach 3.5 m s−1, a very high value for a lowland river. The average flow conveyance is improving due to channel erosion but also declining in the case of extreme floods due to high resistance from vegetation on the flood plains.
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Rudowski, Stanisław, Justyna Edut, Janusz Dworniczak, et al. "Granulometria osadów dennych kanału Przekop Wisły." Biuletyn Instytutu Morskiego 32, no. 1 (2017): 14–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.5604/12307424.1224050.
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The Przekop Wisły (or the Vistula Cross-cut) is a canal created 120 years ago in the Vistula River mouth to prevent floods. In 2013/2014, 82 samples of canal sediments were collected in the course of three sessions, which were next subjected to macroscopic descriptions and sieve analyses including calculation of granulation indices expressed in the phi scale. Characteristics of granulation are presented in relation to forms of bottom relief as well as varied transport and storage conditions of individual sessions. Sediments in the canal are relatively even-sized, with coarse and/or medium-grained sands, quite well-sorted, with moderately negative skewness and a leptokurtic distribution. It was demonstrated that deposition of sediments in the canal is progressing, especially in its estuarial section, which impacts significantly on its patency. Hence, it is necessary to monitor sediments in the canal in order to establish its condition and identify trends related to risks and flood prevention. The Przekop Wisły canal constitutes a natural area of a straight channel river, and studies of its sediments may be considered an important model of fluvial processes.
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Czaja, Jakub. "Landscape transformations in the alluvial fan of the River Little Vistula (Mała Wisła) in Poland from the 18th century to the present." Environmental & Socio-economic Studies 7, no. 1 (2019): 50–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/environ-2019-0005.
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Abstract Development within the River Little Vistula valley undoubtedly started at the very beginnings of the Polish state. At that stage, human activity focused on finding and adapting sites that were suitable for permanent settlement and also on utilising the resources found in the valley and afforded by the river such as fishing and shipping opportunities. The shape of the River Little Vistula alluvial fan also allowed the construction of numerous canals branching from the river channel, on which mills, fulleries and sawmills were established. The characteristics of the landscape changes which have taken place in the study area have been presented on the basis of analyses of large-scale (1:28,800) topographic maps from the mid-18th and 19th centuries, modern topographic maps and also from visits to the study area (General-Mappa des Merzogthums Ober-Schleisien 1763–1764 and Übersicht der Militar Aufmahme von Mähren und Schlesien, 1839-1840). It was found that landscapes of the River Little Vistula alluvial fan are “landscapes of valleys and plains subject to water accumulation and floods”. Such areas are characterised by the presence of groundwater at low depths and are subject to periodic flooding by river waters, which are rich in mineral substances. Their habitats include riparian forests and flood meadows, which have often been transformed into arable fields. Characteristic types of soils in these areas include alluvial soils and peats, and typical elements of the landscape are water bodies, mainly fish ponds.
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Cebulska, Klaudia D., and Mariola Krodkiewska. "Further dispersion of the invasive alien species Corbicula fluminea (O. F. Müller, 1774) in the Oder River." Knowledge & Management of Aquatic Ecosystems, no. 420 (2019): 14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/kmae/2019008.
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Corbicula fluminea is recognised as being one of the worst alien species in Europe and one of the world's most widespread non-indigenous species in freshwater ecosystems. In Poland, it was detected in a heated water channel of the Lower Oder Power Station near Szczecin for the first time in 2003. In the following years, it continued its spread in the Oder River and the Vistula River. Our study uncovered new findings of C. fluminea in the Upper Oder River, which are its southernmost localities in the Oder River. Its record in the Gliwice Canal indicates that this may be a new dispersion route to the east for this species.
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Kryniecka, Klaudia, and Artur Magnuszewski. "Application of Satellite Sentinel-2 Images to Study Alternate Sandbars Movement at Lower Vistula River (Poland)." Remote Sensing 13, no. 8 (2021): 1505. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs13081505.
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The lower Vistula River was regulated in the years 1856–1878, at a distance of 718–939 km. The regulation plan did not take into consideration the large transport of the bed load. The channel was shaped using simplified geometry—too wide for the low flow and overly straight for the stabilization of the sandbar movement. The hydraulic parameters of the lower Vistula River show high velocities of flow and high shear stress. The movement of the alternate sandbars can be traced on the optical satellite images of Sentinel-2. In this study, a method of sandbar detection through the remote sensing indices, Sentinel Water Mask (SWM) and Automated Water Extraction Index no shadow (AWEInsh), and the manual delineation with visual interpretation (MD) was used on satellite images of the lower Vistula River, recorded at the time of low flows (20 August 2015, 4 September 2016, 30 July 2017, 20 September 2018, and 29 August 2019). The comparison of 32 alternate sandbar areas obtained by SWM, AWEInsh, and MD manual delineation methods on the Sentinel-2 images, recorded on 20 August 2015, was performed by the statistical analysis of the interclass correlation coefficient (ICC). The distance of the shift in the analyzed time intervals between the image registration dates depends on the value of the mean discharge (MQ). The period from 30 July 2017 to 20 September 2018 was wet (MQ = 1140 m3 × s−1) and created conditions for the largest average distance of the alternate sandbar shift, from 509 to 548 m. The velocity of movement, calculated as an average shift for one day, was between 1.2 and 1.3 m × day−1. The smallest shift of alternate sandbars was characteristic of the low flow period from 20 August 2015 to 4 September 2016 (MQ = 306 m3 × s−1), from 279 to 310 m, with an average velocity from 0.7 to 0.8 m × day−1.
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Kryniecka, Klaudia, Artur Magnuszewski, and Artur Radecki-Pawlik. "Sentinel-1 Satellite Radar Images: A New Source of Information for Study of River Channel Dynamics on the Lower Vistula River, Poland." Remote Sensing 14, no. 5 (2022): 1056. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs14051056.
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The amount of sediments transported by a river is difficult to estimate, while this parameter could influence channel geometry. It is possible to derive the bedload transport rate per unit width of the river channel by measuring the migration distance of bedform profiles over time and thickness of bedload layer in motion. Other possible methods include instrumental measurements using bedload traps and empirical formulas. It is possible to use remote-sensing techniques to measure the dynamics of bedform movements and geometries. Landsat images and aerial photographs have been used for this. A new source of remote-sensing information is radar satellite images. Sentinel-1 images have a temporal resolution of 2–3 days and spatial resolution of 25 m at middle latitudes, which make them usable on large rivers. The research area is the 814–820 km reach of the Lower Vistula River, where seven alternate sandbars were selected. The bank lines of the sandbars were delineated on Sentinel-1 images sensed during two low-flow periods of 4 August–26 September 2018 and 1 July–31 August 2019, when discharges at low flow were similar. From water stage observations at gauges, water elevations were assigned to every bank line of the alternate sandbars. The following morphometric parameters were calculated: alternate sandbar centers, volumes and longitudinal profile. Average daily movement of the sandbars in the period 4 August 2018–1 July 2019 was calculated as 0.97 m·day−1. A similar alternate sandbar movement velocity was obtained from a study of Sentinel-2 optical satellite images and hydro-acoustic measurements on the Lower Vistula River. Having depth of bedload in motion and alternate sandbar shift velocities, it was possible to calculate the rate of bedload transport according to the Exner approach formula. Rate of bedload transport was estimated as qb = 0.027 kg·s−1·m−1. This study shows a novel use of Sentinel-1 images to study the 3D geometry and movement rate of sandbars.
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Hulisz, Piotr, Adam Michalski, Michał Dąbrowski, Grzegorz Kusza, and Leszek Łéczyński. "Human-induced changes in the soil cover at the mouth of the Vistula River Cross-Cut (northern Poland)." Soil Science Annual 66, no. 2 (2015): 67–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/ssa-2015-0021.
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AbstractThe aim of this paper is to determine the impact of human activity on the soil formation at the mouth of the Vistula Cross-Cut (northern Poland). The detailed research was conducted in the test area (about 500 ha) for which the soil map was created. The three major soil belts were distinguished, grouping the soils formed on marine, aeolian and technogenic sediments, deposited both naturally and anthropogenically as a result of the hydrotechnical works. Initial soils, arenosols, gleysols, brackish marsh soils and industrial soils predominate across the study area. Most of them were characterized by high spatial diversity and multi-layering. Their properties reflected varied dynamics of the local environment on both sides of the river channel, greatly enhanced by the human activity. Based of the obtained results, some proposals concerning arenosols, marsh soils and industrial soils for the Polish Soil Classification (2011) were presented.
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Majerczyk, Agata, and Bogusław Michalec. "Oddziaływanie przepustu na warunki hydrauliczne przepływu wody w głównym rowie systemu odwadniającego stopnia wodnego Łączany." Przegląd Naukowy Inżynieria i Kształtowanie Środowiska 26, no. 1 (2017): 28–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.22630/pniks.2017.26.1.03.
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The aim of the study is to analyze the impact of the culvert on the hydraulic conditions of water flow in the “R” ditch. The culvert was located on the main ditch in drainage system of Łączany barrage on the Vistula river. The research on ditch’s capacity in analyzed cross-section showed that the capacity decreased. The changes of cross-section caused by construction of the culvert substantially affect the flow conditions of water in the channel. The calculations showed that the existing dimension of culvert is not enough to pass the reliable discharge. The reliable flow was set for catchment area of 3.32 km2, not 0.67 km2, which is bigger than catchment area estimated in drainage project. It includes watercourses leading water to ditch with surrounds Kasztelan Pond, and then to “R” ditch. Discharges larger than 2.27 m3·s–1, particularly reliable flow, reach banks of the ditch “R” and flows out the channel. Discharges larger than the reliable discharge do not fit into the analyzed cross-section causing pouring out the water from the channel. On the basis of information taken from the locals and serving the system it is known that such a phenomenon occurs during the periods of heavy rains and floods.
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Sosnowska, Anna. "Riverbed transformation as a result of a ferry crossing construction – case study." MATEC Web of Conferences 262 (2019): 01002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/201926201002.
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Riverbed under the influence of natural and anthropogenic factors is constantly being transformed. The changes of the channel parameters related to natural phenomena are rarely dynamic. Contrarily it is in the case of human activity. The introduction of river engineering structures to the riverbed aims to quickly adapt the river to the requirements. If construction of such forms is designed taking account of natural conditions prevailing in the riverbed, then negative effects cannot be observed. The situation is different when the river's characteristics were not considered in the design process. The article discusses the changes that the riverbed has undergone due to its intensive contraction at the ferry crossing at km 488 of Vistula, in Gassy. Current and archival aerial photographs were analyzed in terms of the transformation of the riverbed width, as well as the size of the mid-channel islands. The focus was concentrated on a section of the river 2 km above and 4 km below the ferry crossing. In particular, the parameters of the channel bar located directly below the narrowing and their change over the last decades were analyzed. Conclusions were drawn regarding the case study and recommendations for designing analogous solutions ensuing from the analysis were formulated.
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Kobierski, Mirosław. "Evaluation of the total concentration of iron, manganese, cadmium and nickel and their DTPA extractable forms in the common dandelion rhizospheric and non-rhizospheric soil of the lower Vistula river floodplain grasslands / Ocena całkowitej zawartości żelaza, manganu, kadmu i niklu oraz ich form ekstrahowanych DTPA w glebie ryzosferowej mniszka lekarskiego oraz glebie pozaryzosferowej użytków zielonych z terenów zalewowych Doliny Dolnej Wisły." Ochrona Srodowiska i Zasobów Naturalnych 24, no. 3 (2013): 19–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/oszn-2013-0030.
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Abstract Rhizospheric and non-rhizospheric soils were collected from six topsoils of grasslands in the Lower Vistula River Valley. The research covered the areas of the floodplains between the stream channel of the Vistula River and the flood embankment within the mesoregions of the Fordon Valley and the Grudziądz Basin. The research area, found in the Chełmiński and Nadwiślański Complex of Landscape Parks, is exposed to annual floods. The fluvial sediments are deposited during short-term and, most frequently spring, high discharges of the Vistula River. The amount of the material deposited in the floodplain valleys depends on the range of the flood and landscape-specific local conditions. In the rhizospheric soil of the common dandelion, a higher content of the clay fraction and organic matter was found, as compared with the non-rhizospheric soil material. The total content of Fe, Mn, Cd and Ni and their forms extractable with the DTPA solution differed between the rhizospheric and non-rhizospheric soil. A lower total concentration of the metals was noted in the rhizospheric soil at all the sampling sites. The concentrations of FeDTPA and MnDTPA forms in Fluvisols were much higher than the concentration defined as the deficit one. A relatively high content of organic matter and the clay fraction in rhizospheric soil makes the metals bound by the sorption complex, thus limiting their bioavailability. Under Regulation of Minister of the Environment of 9 September 2002, concerning soil quality standards for protected areas compliant with nature protection laws, the total concentration of Cd and Ni in non-rhizospheric soil was slightly higher than the admissible value (1.0 and 35.0 mg • kg−1, respectively). Since no unfavourable effect of trace elements on the environment was demonstrated and as the floodplain areas are under agricultural use, to evaluate the pollution, the standards applicable for agricultural land were assumed. According to those criteria, the soils are not classified as polluted with cadmium and nickel.
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Bukaciński, Dariusz, Monika Bukacińska, and Arkadiusz Burzyński. "The impact of hydrotechnical facilities on island avifauna: a case study of the middle Vistula River." Studia Ecologiae et Bioethicae 11, no. 4 (2013): 93–109. http://dx.doi.org/10.21697/seb.2013.11.4.07.
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The study was conducted in the years 1994-2006 in the middle of the Vistula River between Wróble and Kochów (416th – 418th km of the waterway). The presence of islands and steep banks makes it a key place for nesting avifauna, including a number of endangered species. The aim of this paper is to present the impact of hydro-technical facilities (a diversion weir) on habitat changes, and consequently on the abundance and distribution of birds that inhabit this part of the river. A cross-divider in the riverbed (weir) connecting the bank of the river with one of the islands increased the flow rate and pushed the current to the middle of the river, directing it towards the islands. The result of these changes was a sudden erosion of the sandy, the high slope at the top of the island II, a partition of this island into two parts, and a slow erosion of the island located near the left bank (island IV, Fig. 1B). Lack of fixed, steady flow along the right bank resulted also in a considerably faster succession of vegetation on the island I and slow shallowing of the channel between the island and the bank. As a result, the area of sandy habitats, most valuable to nesting birds, decreased disproportionately faster than the area of the whole islands (Table 1). In the years 2001-2002, when the island I was completely united with the right bank and the islands 0 and I were connected to each other, a width of the riverbed at this point decreased from 870 m to 710 m, i.e. by more than 20 % (Fig. 1).
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Zyglewski, Zbigniew. "Koncepcje i projekty kanałów żeglownych przez Wielkopolskę Wschodnią a zjazd melioracyjny w Koninie w 1925 roku." Polonia Maior Orientalis 8 (December 30, 2021): 113–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.4467/27204006pmo.21.007.15458.
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W 1917 roku P. Ehlers profesor z Gdańska przedstawił koncepcję kanałów żeglownych we wschodniej części Niemiec. Zaproponował połączenie Górnego Śląska przez rzekę Prosnę, Gopło z Wisłą. Rok później podobne rozwiązanie złożył polski inżynier A. Sadkowski wykorzystując górną Wartę i rzekę Zgłowiączkę. W Polsce w 1919 roku T. Tillinger zaproponował kanał biegnący w kierunku Warszawy i drugi łączący to miasto z Poznaniem. W następnych latach szczegółowe prace projektowe doprowadziły do opracowania kanału żeglugowego idącego ze Śląska przez miasto Częstochowę i Łódź do Łęczycy. Dalej kanał, który wpadał do Wisły pod Toruniem wytyczono przez jezioro Gopło. Kanał ten w Łęczycy przecinał się z kanałem łączącym Poznań z Warszawą. Prace nad tymi kanałami przerwano w 1926 roku. W późniejszych latach wybudowano jedynie krótki kanał Warta-Gopło. W 1925 roku pięć powiatów położonych nad rzeką Wartą zorganizowało zjazd w Koninie w celu ochrony przed powodzią i budowy kanału węglowego. Domagano się sypania wałów nad rzeką oraz uregulowania rzeki dla małych statków. Concepts and Projects of Navigable Canals Through Eastern Wielkopolska and the 1925 Congress of Melioration in Konin In 1917 P. Ehlers, professor from Danzig, presented the concept of navigable canals in the eastern part of Germany. He proposed connecting Upper Silesia by the Prosna and Gopło rivers with the Vistula. A year later a similar solution was submitted by a Polish engineer A. Sadkowski using the upper Warta and Zgłowiączka rivers. In Poland, in 1919, T. Tillinger proposed a canal running in the direction of Warsaw and another connecting that city with Poznań. In the following years, detailed design work led to the development of a navigation channel going from Silesia through Częstochowa and Łódź to Łęczyca. Further on, the canal was routed through Lake Gopło, which flowed into the Vistula near Toruń. This canal in Leczyca intersected with the canal connecting Poznan with Warsaw. Work on these canals was stopped in 1926. In later years only a short channel Warta-Gopło was built. In 1925, the five counties along the Warta River held a convention in Konin to protect themselves against flooding and to build a coal canal. They demanded that the embankments be poured over the river and that the river be regulated for small vessels.
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Sajniak, Marcin. "The genesis of the dispute between PiS and PO about the build of a shipping channel through the Vistula Spit (2005–2007)." Zeszyty Naukowe Uniwersytetu Szczecińskiego. Acta Politica 51 (2021): 67–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.18276/ap.2021.51-05.
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Ovcharuk, V. A., and M. O. Martyniuk. "Application of the Operator Model for Determination of Maximum Modulus of Spring and Rain Floods at the Rivers within Vistula River Basin inside Ukraine." 36, no. 36 (December 28, 2021): 22–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.26565/1992-4224-2021-36-02.
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Purpose. To substantiate the calculated characteristics of the slope influx and channel runoff, as well as to create a modern methodological basis for rationing the characteristics of the maximum runoff of spring and rain floods in the Vistula River basin within Ukraine. Methods. For calculating the maximum runoff of spring and rain floods, statistical processing of data series was performed according to the method of moments and the maximum likelihood method. The three-parametric gamma distribution was used to calculate the runoff layers and water discharges with a rare probability of exceeding. An operator model developed by E.D. Gopchenko (2001) and modified by V.A. Ovcharuk (2017) was used as a calculation to determine the characteristics of the maximum river runoff. To calculate the duration of the slope influx, a complex method was used using the software complex "Caguar", developed at the Department of Land Hydrology of OSENU. Results. The standard statistical characteristics of the time series of the maximum runoff of spring and rain floods are determined, they were used in further calculations to determine the maximum water runoff and runoff layers with a rare probability of exceeding. The paper substantiates and generalizes on the territory all parameters of the basic operator model of maximum runoff formation: coefficients of time non-uniformity of slope influx and duration of slope influx are determined, transformation function is calculated and maximum modules of slope influx for spring and rain floods are determined. Most of the calculated parameters are generalized by territory using GIS or calculation equations with the minimum amount of required input data. Conclusions. As a result of the study, a regional methodology was developed to determine the maximum runoff of spring and rain floods on the rivers of the Vistula River basin. In contrast to previous developments by domestic authors, the advantage is that the use of the operator model allows the use of a single formula, regardless of the genesis of the maximum runoff and catchment area. The obtained results of the research can be used in the planning of hydraulic engineering construction and flood control measures in the Vistula River basin within Ukraine in order to minimize losses and protect the population from the dangerous effects of water. The proposed model can be used for other areas
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Falkowski, Tomasz, Piotr Ostrowski, Piotr Siwicki, and Michał Brach. "Channel morphology changes and their relationship to valley bottom geology and human interventions; a case study from the Vistula Valley in Warsaw, Poland." Geomorphology 297 (November 2017): 100–111. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.geomorph.2017.09.011.
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Kuczyński, Tomasz, and Piotr Pieckiel. "Ichthyofauna species composition comparison in two estuarine lakes: Ptasi Raj and Mikoszewskie located in the Natura 2000 site "Ostoja w Ujściu Wisły"." Biuletyn Instytutu Morskiego 33, no. 1 (2018): 121–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0012.8015.
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The purpose of the following studies was to get knowledge about the composition of the ichthyofauna of two estuarine lakes: Mikoszewskie and Ptasi Raj in the Natura 2000 area “Ostoja w Ujściu Wisły” (PLH220044), located within the delta estuary created by two channels of the Vistula river: Wisła Śmiała and Przekop Wisły, reaching the Gulf of Gdańsk. Despite the research conducted on the existing flora and fauna in both nature reserves, the ichthyofauna of the lakes has not been studied so far. In order to determine as completely as possible the taxonomic composition and the quantitative structure of ichthyofauna, the different fishing gear was used: fyke nets, NORDIC multimash survey gillnets, minnow traps. In Mikoszewskie lake, there were caught a total of 774 fish representing 17 species. Higher fish number in catches, with a comparable effort applied, were recorded on the Ptasi Raj lake, where a total of 2032 fish representing 16 species were captured. Out of all 26 species found, only 9 of them were found in both water reservoirs. As it transpires from the above data, both lakes, despite seemingly similar location, due to different hydrological conditions, clearly differ in terms of the structure of inhabiting ichthyofauna. Based on the analysis of the results of conducted fish catches, it can be concluded that the ichthyofauna of the Mikoszewskie Lake is characteristic for freshwater habitats, whereas in the waters of the Ptasi Raj lake, fish populations depend on a permanent connection with the estuary waters of the Wisła Śmiała channel.
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Bihałowicz, Jan Stefan, and Grzegorz Wierzbicki. "Rivers Try Harder. Reversed “Differential Erosion” as Geological Control of Flood in the Large Fluvial Systems in Poland." Water 13, no. 4 (2021): 424. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w13040424.
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We study cross-sections on the Detailed Geological Map of Poland (SMGP) to find a geologic and geomorphic pattern under river valleys in Poland. The pattern was found in 20 reaches of the largest Polish rivers (Odra, Warta, Vistula, Narew, and Bug) located in the European Lowland, in the landscape of old (Pleistocene, Saalian) glacial high plains extending between the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM) moraines on the North and the Upland on the South. The Upland was slightly folded and up-faulted during Alpine orogeny together with the thrust of Carpathian nappes and the uplift of Tatra Mts. and Sudetes. The found pattern is an alluvial river with broad Holocene floodplain and the channel developed atop the protrusion of bedrock (Jurassic, Cretaceous limestones, marlstones, sandstones) or non-alluvial, cohesive, overconsolidated sediments resistant to erosion (glacial tills, lacustrine or “ice-dammed lake” clays) of Cenozoic (Paleogene, Neogene, Quaternary—Elsterian). We regard the sub-alluvial protrusion as the limit of river incision and scour. It cannot be determined why the river flows atop these protrusions, in opposition to “differential erosion”, a geomorphology principle. We assume it is evidence of geological flood control. We propose an environmental and geomorphological framework for the hydrotechnical design of instream river training.