Relevant bibliographies by topics / Visual cortical areas

Contents

  1. Journal articles
  2. Dissertations / Theses
  3. Books
  4. Book chapters
  5. Conference papers

Academic literature on the topic 'Visual cortical areas'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 11 March 2023
Last updated: 19 July 2025

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Journal articles on the topic "Visual cortical areas"

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Pollen, Daniel A. "Cortical areas in visual awareness." Nature 377, no. 6547 (1995): 293–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/377293b0.

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Crick, Francis, and Christof Koch. "Cortical areas in visual awareness." Nature 377, no. 6547 (1995): 294–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/377294a0.

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Kallenberger, S., C. Schmidt, T. Wustenberg, and H. Strasburger. "Visual Fusion and Binocular Rivalry in Cortical Visual Areas." Journal of Vision 10, no. 7 (2010): 360. http://dx.doi.org/10.1167/10.7.360.

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Benoliel, Tal, Noa Raz, Tamir Ben-Hur, and Netta Levin. "Cortical functional modifications following optic neuritis." Multiple Sclerosis Journal 23, no. 2 (2016): 220–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1352458516649677.

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Background: We have recently suggested that delayed visual evoked potential (VEP) latencies in the fellow eye (FE) of optic neuritis patients reflect a cortical adaptive process, to compensate for the delayed arrival of visual information via the affected eye (AE). Objective: To define the cortical mechanism that underlies this adaptive process. Methods: Cortical activations to moving stimuli and connectivity patterns within the visual network were tested using functional magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in 11 recovered optic neuritis patients and in 11 matched controls. Results: Reduced corti
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Vanni, S., L. Henriksson, and A. C. James. "Multifocal fMRI mapping of visual cortical areas." NeuroImage 27, no. 1 (2005): 95–105. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.neuroimage.2005.01.046.

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Yue, Xiaomin, Sophia Robert, and Leslie G. Ungerleider. "Curvature processing in human visual cortical areas." NeuroImage 222 (November 2020): 117295. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.neuroimage.2020.117295.

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Cortes, Nelson, Bruno O. F. de Souza, and Christian Casanova. "Pulvinar Modulates Synchrony across Visual Cortical Areas." Vision 4, no. 2 (2020): 22. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/vision4020022.

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The cortical visual hierarchy communicates in different oscillatory ranges. While gamma waves influence the feedforward processing, alpha oscillations travel in the feedback direction. Little is known how this oscillatory cortical communication depends on an alternative route that involves the pulvinar nucleus of the thalamus. We investigated whether the oscillatory coupling between the primary visual cortex (area 17) and area 21a depends on the transthalamic pathway involving the pulvinar in cats. To that end, visual evoked responses were recorded in areas 17 and 21a before, during and after
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Gattass, Ricardo, Sheila Nascimento-Silva, Juliana G. M. Soares, et al. "Cortical visual areas in monkeys: location, topography, connections, columns, plasticity and cortical dynamics." Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 360, no. 1456 (2005): 709–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rstb.2005.1629.

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The visual system is constantly challenged to organize the retinal pattern of stimulation into coherent percepts. This task is achieved by the cortical visual system, which is composed by topographically organized analytic areas and by synthetic areas of the temporal lobe that have more holistic processing. Additional visual areas of the parietal lobe are related to motion perception and visuomotor control. V1 and V2 represent the entire visual field. MT represents only the binocular field, and V4 only the central 30°–40°. The parietal areas represent more of the periphery. For any eccentricit
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Convento, Silvia, Giuseppe Vallar, Chiara Galantini, and Nadia Bolognini. "Neuromodulation of Early Multisensory Interactions in the Visual Cortex." Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience 25, no. 5 (2013): 685–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/jocn_a_00347.

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Merging information derived from different sensory channels allows the brain to amplify minimal signals to reduce their ambiguity, thereby improving the ability of orienting to, detecting, and identifying environmental events. Although multisensory interactions have been mostly ascribed to the activity of higher-order heteromodal areas, multisensory convergence may arise even in primary sensory-specific areas located very early along the cortical processing stream. In three experiments, we investigated early multisensory interactions in lower-level visual areas, by using a novel approach, base
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Duménieu, Maël, Béatrice Marquèze-Pouey, Michaël Russier, and Dominique Debanne. "Mechanisms of Plasticity in Subcortical Visual Areas." Cells 10, no. 11 (2021): 3162. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cells10113162.

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Visual plasticity is classically considered to occur essentially in the primary and secondary cortical areas. Subcortical visual areas such as the dorsal lateral geniculate nucleus (dLGN) or the superior colliculus (SC) have long been held as basic structures responsible for a stable and defined function. In this model, the dLGN was considered as a relay of visual information travelling from the retina to cortical areas and the SC as a sensory integrator orienting body movements towards visual targets. However, recent findings suggest that both dLGN and SC neurons express functional plasticity
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Visual cortical areas"

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Ferro, Demetrio. "Effects of attention on visual processing between cortical layers and cortical areas V1 and V4." Doctoral thesis, Università degli studi di Trento, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/11572/246290.

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Visual attention improves sensory processing, as well as perceptual readout and behavior. Over the last decades, many proposals have been put forth to explain how attention affects visual neural processing. These include the modulation of neural firing rates and synchrony, neural tuning properties, and rhythmic, subthreshold activity. Despite the wealth of knowledge provided by previous studies, the way attention shapes interactions between cortical layers within and between visual sensory areas is only just emerging. To investigate this, we studied neural signals from macaque V1 and V4 visual
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Heuer, Hilary Whetu. "Visual motion analysis in extrastriate cortical areas MT and MST /." For electronic version search Digital dissertations database. Restricted to UC campuses. Access is free to UC campus dissertations, 2003. http://uclibs.org/PID/11984.

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Ferro, Demetrio. "Effects of attention on visual processing between cortical layers and cortical areas V1 and V4." Doctoral thesis, Università degli studi di Trento, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/11572/246290.

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Visual attention improves sensory processing, as well as perceptual readout and behavior. Over the last decades, many proposals have been put forth to explain how attention affects visual neural processing. These include the modulation of neural firing rates and synchrony, neural tuning properties, and rhythmic, subthreshold activity. Despite the wealth of knowledge provided by previous studies, the way attention shapes interactions between cortical layers within and between visual sensory areas is only just emerging. To investigate this, we studied neural signals from macaque V1 and V4 visual
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Knoblauch, Andreas [Verfasser]. "Synchronization and pattern separation in spiking associative memories and visual cortical areas / Andreas Knoblauch." Ulm : Universität Ulm. Fakultät für Informatik, 2004. http://d-nb.info/1015438466/34.

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Gieselmann, Marc Alwin. "The role of the primate cortical middle temporal area in visually guided hand movements." [S.l.] : [s.n.], 2004. http://deposit.ddb.de/cgi-bin/dokserv?idn=97349655X.

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Tard, Céline. "Modulation corticale de la locomotion." Thesis, Lille 2, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015LIL2S067/document.

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Les patients atteints de maladie de Parkinson présentent des troubles de la marche, parfois paroxystiques, pouvant être aggravés ou améliorés par les stimuli environnementaux. L'attention portée, soit aux stimuli extérieurs, soit à la marche, pourrait ainsi moduler la locomotion.L’objectif principal était donc de mieux caractériser la manière dont les stimuli environnementaux modulent par le biais de réseaux attentionnels la locomotion. Ceci a été étudié chez les sujets sains puis chez les patients parkinsoniens, avec ou sans enrayage cinétique.Nous avons d'abord défini précisément les déficit
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McKeefry, D. J., M. P. Burton, C. Vakrou, B. T. Barrett, and A. B. Morland. "Induced deficits in speed perception by transcranial magnetic stimulation of human cortical areas V5/MT+ and V3A." 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10454/6093.

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In this report, we evaluate the role of visual areas responsive to motion in the human brain in the perception of stimulus speed. We first identified and localized V1, V3A, and V5/MT+ in individual participants on the basis of blood oxygenation level-dependent responses obtained in retinotopic mapping experiments and responses to moving gratings. Repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) was then used to disrupt the normal functioning of the previously localized visual areas in each participant. During the rTMS application, participants were required to perform delayed discrimination
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D'Souza, Dany V. [Verfasser]. "An fMRI study of chromatic processing in humans : spatial and temporal characteristics of the cortical visual areas / submitted by Dany V. D'Souza." 2009. http://d-nb.info/1000161021/34.

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Pedersini, Caterina Annalaura. "The neural basis of residual vision and attention in the blind field of hemianopic patients: behavioural, electrophysiological and neuroimaging evidence." Doctoral thesis, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/11562/939354.

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L’emianopsia è un disturbo visivo caratterizzato da cecità in una porzione del campo, controlaterale alla sede di lesione che coinvolge il circuito visivo. Nonostante tale difficoltà, alcune abilità visive residue (“blindsight”) possono essere mantenute nel campo cieco; la probabilità di riscontrare tale fenomeno risulta incrementata dalla presentazione di stimoli in movimento che possono attivare l’area visiva motoria (hMT) senza passare dall’area visiva primaria (V1). Di conseguenza, un comportamento guidato dalla visione risulta possibile nel campo cieco, in assenza di consapevolezza percet
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Bair, Wyeth. "Analysis of temporal structure in spike trains of visual cortical area MT." Thesis, 1996. https://thesis.library.caltech.edu/7600/2/Bair%201996.pdf.

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<p>The temporal structure of neuronal spike trains in the visual cortex can provide detailed information about the stimulus and about the neuronal implementation of visual processing. Spike trains recorded from the macaque motion area MT in previous studies (Newsome et al., 1989a; Britten et al., 1992; Zohary et al., 1994) are analyzed here in the context of the dynamic random dot stimulus which was used to evoke them. If the stimulus is incoherent, the spike trains can be highly modulated and precisely locked in time to the stimulus. In contrast, the coherent motion stimulus creates li
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Books on the topic "Visual cortical areas"

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Libedinsky, Camilo David. Neuronal mechanisms of visual perception: Role of early visual and prefrontal cortical areas in conscious awareness. 2009.

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Saalmann, Yuri B., and Sabine Kastner. Neural Mechanisms of Spatial Attention in the Visual Thalamus. Edited by Anna C. (Kia) Nobre and Sabine Kastner. Oxford University Press, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199675111.013.013.

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Neural mechanisms of selective attention route behaviourally relevant information through brain networks for detailed processing. These attention mechanisms are classically viewed as being solely implemented in the cortex, relegating the thalamus to a passive relay of sensory information. However, this passive view of the thalamus is being revised in light of recent studies supporting an important role for the thalamus in selective attention. Evidence suggests that the first-order thalamic nucleus, the lateral geniculate nucleus, regulates the visual information transmitted from the retina to
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Cohen, Marlene R., and John H. R. Maunsell. Neuronal Mechanisms of Spatial Attention in Visual Cerebral Cortex. Edited by Anna C. (Kia) Nobre and Sabine Kastner. Oxford University Press, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199675111.013.007.

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Attention is associated with improved performance on perceptual tasks and changes in the way that neurons in the visual system respond to sensory stimuli. While we now have a greater understanding of the way different behavioural and stimulus conditions modulate the responses of neurons in different cortical areas, it has proven difficult to identify the neuronal mechanisms responsible for these changes and establish a strong link between attention-related modulation of sensory responses and changes in perception. Recent conceptual and technological advances have enabled progress and hold prom
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Clark, Kelsey L., Behrad Noudoost, Robert J. Schafer, and Tirin Moore. Neuronal Mechanisms of Attentional Control. Edited by Anna C. (Kia) Nobre and Sabine Kastner. Oxford University Press, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199675111.013.010.

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Covert spatial attention prioritizes the processing of stimuli at a given peripheral location, away from the direction of gaze, and selectively enhances visual discrimination, speed of processing, contrast sensitivity, and spatial resolution at the attended location. While correlates of this type of attention, which are believed to underlie perceptual benefits, have been found in a variety of visual cortical areas, more recent observations suggest that these effects may originate from frontal and parietal areas. Evidence for a causal role in attention is especially robust for the Frontal Eye F
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Schoenen, Jean, Valentin Bohotin, and Alain Maertens De Noordhout. Tms in Migraine. Edited by Charles M. Epstein, Eric M. Wassermann, and Ulf Ziemann. Oxford University Press, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780198568926.013.0024.

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Transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) has been used to search for cortical dysfunction in migraine. Both, the motor and the visual cortices have been explored in this area. This article reviews and discusses the results of the various studies performed in migraine patients with TMS of motor or visual cortices. The majority of evoked and event-related potential studies in migraine have shown two abnormalities: increased amplitude of grand averaged responses and lack of habituation in successive blocks of averaged responses with decreased amplitude in the first block. These abnormalities sugge
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Rajan, Shobana, and Vibha Mahendra. Awake Craniotomy. Edited by David E. Traul and Irene P. Osborn. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780190850036.003.0003.

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Awake craniotomies are performed when the site of surgical instrumentation or resection directly involves or abuts eloquent areas of the brain and require a cooperative patient, a tailored neuroanesthetic technique, and good teamwork. Eloquent cortex refers to any cortical region in which injury produces a symptomatic cognitive or motor deficit and includes the primary sensorimotor cortex, essential speech areas, occipital visual areas, and mesial temporal regions crucial for episodic memory. An awake patient allows for intraoperative testing of motor, speech, or sensation function while remov
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Anderson, James A. The Brain Doesn’t Work by Logic. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199357789.003.0008.

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This chapter gives three examples of real neural computation. The conclusion is that the “brain doesn’t work by logic.” First, is the Limulus (horseshoe crab) lateral eye. The neural process of “lateral inhibition” tunes the neural response of the compound eye to allow crabs to better see other crabs for mating. Second, the retina of the frog contains cells that are selective to specific properties of the visual image. The frog responds strongly to the moving image of a bug with one class of selective retinal receptors. Third, experiments on patients undergoing neurosurgery for epilepsy found
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Prasad, Girijesh. Brain–machine interfaces. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780199674923.003.0049.

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A brain–machine interface (BMI) is a biohybrid system intended as an alternative communication channel for people suffering from severe motor impairments. A BMI can involve either invasively implanted electrodes or non-invasive imaging systems. The focus in this chapter is on non-invasive approaches; EEG-based BMI is the most widely investigated. Event-related de-synchronization/ synchronization (ERD/ERS) of sensorimotor rhythms (SMRs), P300, and steady-state visual evoked potential (SSVEP) are the three main cortical activation patterns used for designing an EEG-based BMI. A BMI involves mult
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Butz, Martin V., and Esther F. Kutter. Primary Visual Perception from the Bottom Up. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/acprof:oso/9780198739692.003.0008.

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This chapter addresses primary visual perception, detailing how visual information comes about and, as a consequence, which visual properties provide particularly useful information about the environment. The brain extracts this information systematically, and also separates redundant and complementary visual information aspects to improve the effectiveness of visual processing. Computationally, image smoothing, edge detectors, and motion detectors must be at work. These need to be applied in a convolutional manner over the fixated area, which are computations that are predestined to be solved
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Pinna, Baingio. On the Pinna Illusion. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199794607.003.0074.

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The Pinna illusion is the first case of visual illusion showing a rotating motion phenomenon. Squares, arranged in two concentric rings, show a strong counter-rotation effect. The inner ring of the squares appears to rotate counterclockwise and the outer ring clockwise when the observer’s head is slowly moved toward the figure while the gaze is kept fixed in the center of the stimulus pattern. The direction of rotation is reversed when the observer’s head moves away from the stimulus. The speed of the illusory rotation is proportional to the one of the motion imparted by the observer. While th
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Book chapters on the topic "Visual cortical areas"

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Gulyás, Balázs. "Functional Organization of Human Visual Cortical Areas." In Extrastriate Cortex in Primates. Springer US, 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4757-9625-4_16.

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Taylor, N. R., M. Hartley, and J. G. Taylor. "Coding of Objects in Low-Level Visual Cortical Areas." In Artificial Neural Networks: Biological Inspirations – ICANN 2005. Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/11550822_10.

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Ahlfors, S. P., H. J. Aronen, J. W. Belliveau, et al. "Spatiotemporal Imaging of Human Cortical Areas Sensitive to Visual Motion." In Biomag 96. Springer New York, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4612-1260-7_171.

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Troncoso, Xoana G., Stephen L. Macknik, and Susana Martinez-Conde. "Vision’s First Steps: Anatomy, Physiology, and Perception in the Retina, Lateral Geniculate Nucleus, and Early Visual Cortical Areas." In Visual Prosthetics. Springer US, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4419-0754-7_2.

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Rolls, Edmund T. "Information Processing in the Temporal Lobe Visual Cortical Areas of Macaques." In Research Notes in Neural Computing. Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1991. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-84545-1_22.

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Hogan, Dale, and Nancy E. J. Berman. "Emergence of Visual Cortical Areas: Patterns of Development of Neuropeptide-Y Immunoreactivity and Somatostatin-Immunoreactivity in the Cat." In The Changing Visual System. Springer US, 1991. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-3390-0_33.

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Gattass, R., A. P. B. Sousa, and E. Covey. "Cortical Visual Areas of the Macaque: Possible Substrates for Pattern Recognition Mechanisms." In Experimental Brain Research Supplementum. Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1985. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-09224-8_1.

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Brodal, Per, and Jan G. Bjaalie. "Quantitative Studies of Pontine Projections from Visual Cortical Areas in the Cat." In Cerebellum and Neuronal Plasticity. Springer US, 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4613-0965-9_3.

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Eckhorn, Reinhard, Thomas Schanze, Michael Brosch, Wageda Salem, and Roman Bauer. "Stimulus-Specific Synchronizations in Cat Visual Cortex: Multiple Microelectrode and Correlation Studies from Several Cortical Areas." In Induced Rhythms in the Brain. Birkhäuser Boston, 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4757-1281-0_3.

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Vaina, Lucia Maria, Finnegan Calabro, Fa-Hsuan Lin, and Matti S. Hämäläinen. "Long-Range Coupling of Prefrontal Cortex and Visual (MT) or Polysensory (STP) Cortical Areas in Motion Perception." In IFMBE Proceedings. Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-12197-5_69.

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Conference papers on the topic "Visual cortical areas"

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Baseler, H. A., B. A. Wandell, A. B. Morland, S. R. Jones, and K. H. Ruddock. "Activity in the visual cortex of a hemianope measured using fMRI." In Vision Science and its Applications. Optica Publishing Group, 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/vsia.1997.suc.3.

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Functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) can be used to identify and map visual areas in the cerebral cortex of visually normal humans (Engel et al., in press). Here, we use the methods that have been developed on normal observers to assess the neural responses in subject, G.Y., who has cortical damage that includes left area V1. This subject has reported limited sensation of select stimuli beyond 2.5 deg in his right peripheral visual field (Barbur et al. 1980). Here we report preliminary analyses of the organization of this subject’s visual areas, and we describe some of the cortical sig
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Movshon, J. Anthony. "Organization of primate visual cortex." In OSA Annual Meeting. Optica Publishing Group, 1989. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/oam.1989.tuj1.

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The monkey's visual cortex contains more than two dozen separate areas, comprising in all about half the cerebral cortex. Each area provides a representation of the visual scene, and the existence of these multiple representations suggests that different areas may be specialized for the analysis of different aspects of the visual world. This tutorial reviews experimental evidence on functional specialization in the cortex and considers the validity and utility of this mosiac conception of cortical function.
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ROLLS, EDMUND T. "FUNCTIONS OF THE PRIMATE TEMPORAL LOBE CORTICAL VISUAL AREAS IN INVARIANT VISUAL OBJECT AND FACE RECOGNITION." In Proceedings of the International School of Biophysics. WORLD SCIENTIFIC, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/9789812799975_0035.

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Carney, Thom, Justin Ales, and Stanley A. Klein. "Combining MRI and VEP imaging to isolate the temporal response of visual cortical areas." In Electronic Imaging 2008, edited by Bernice E. Rogowitz and Thrasyvoulos N. Pappas. SPIE, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.773383.

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Gilbert, Charles. "Color processing in visual cortex." In Advances in Color Vision. Optica Publishing Group, 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/acv.1992.fc1.

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Wavelength specific cells in visual cortex are grouped together into compartments that are interdigitated between other compartments specializing in form, movement and depth. The first evidence for a functional organization of color based on cortical area came from the work of Semir Zeki, who described an area prestriate cortex, known as area V4, that was enriched for color specific cells. Other cortical areas also contained wavelength selective cells, but the precise distribution of these cells eluded investigators for a number of years until the discovery by Margaret Wong- Riley that in area
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ROLLS, EDMUND T. "FUNCTIONS OF THE PRIMATE TEMPORAL LOBE CORTICAL VISUAL AREAS IN INVARIANT VISUAL OBJECT AND FACE RECOGNITION: COMPUTATIONAL MECHANISMS." In Proceedings of the International School of Biophysics. WORLD SCIENTIFIC, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/9789812799975_0036.

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Cronin-Golomb, Alice, S. Corkin, and J. H. Growdon. "Alzheimer’s disease: a disorder of the precortical visual system?" In OSA Annual Meeting. Optica Publishing Group, 1986. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/oam.1986.tut1.

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Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is characterized by maximal degeneration of the parietal and temporal lobes with relative sparing of primary visual areas. As may be expected from this pattern of degeneration, AD patients as a group are widely impaired on tests of higher-order visuospatial function, whereas only a minority show deficiencies in color vision, Vernier acuity, and stereoacuity. This pattern of functional sparing of basic visual processes does not hold, however, for contrast sensitivity function, which is commonly impaired at all spatial frequencies in patients with AD, relative to age-mat
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Carman, George J. "The function of topography in the visual pathway." In OSA Annual Meeting. Optica Publishing Group, 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/oam.1992.fo6.

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Such basic functions of vision as stereopsis and kineopsis can be accomplished through the use of topographic mappings of the visual field, such as those seen in the primate visual pathway. In binocular or motion parallax viewing, parallax cues to depth are contained in pairs of images that differ locally by a combination of translations, rotations, and dilations. These generalized disparities can be represented by a pair of scaler harmonic potentials defined on the visual field. These potentials are used to determine a flow of visual information that nulls these disparities so as to fuse the
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Shipley, Thorne. "Visual contours in homogeneous space: revisited." In OSA Annual Meeting. Optica Publishing Group, 1989. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/oam.1989.wcc8.

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In 1965 (Science 150, 348-350) I first showed that stereoscopic depth contours could be generated across large homogeneous central regions of visual space and that these contours were real in that they reversed directly when the sign of the disparity in the frame also reversed, provided that the inducing frame(s) was of sufficient strength. I left the issue unsettled as to what that strength must consist of. Much work has been done by others since, but no one seems to have advanced significantly on this key issue. It thus seemed worthwhile to devise some new targets and to repeat and extend th
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Sereno, Margaret E. "Neural network model for the measurement of visual motion." In OSA Annual Meeting. Optica Publishing Group, 1986. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/oam.1986.wi4.

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A neurallike model (a Boltzmann machine) was built to extract the true 2-D motion of an entire pattern from ambiguous local motion information available at the pattern’s component contours (i.e., it solves the aperture problem). The model has an input and output layer representing visual cortical areas V1 and MT, respectively. Area MT, an area involved in motion analysis, receives a direct topographic projection from V1. V1 neurons act as local motion detectors in that they can only measure the component of motion perpendicular to the orientation of a moving contour. In contrast, ~20% of MT ne
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