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Journal articles on the topic 'Visual information processing skills'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 19 February 2022

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1

Murphy, Jacqueline B., and Jeffrey A. Gliner. "Visual and Motor Sequencing in Normal and Clumsy Children." Occupational Therapy Journal of Research 8, no. 2 (1988): 89–103. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/153944928800800203.

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An information-processing approach was used to investigate motor performance differences between normal children and children designated as clumsy. The focus of this study was on the planning stages of motor skill. Following a motor skills screening test, 38 children 6 to 9 years old were divided into a control group, consisting of children who had passed the screening and an experimental group consisting of children who had failed the screening. The children then performed three tasks involving visual and motor sequencing selected for this study: (a) visual sequencing and short-term recall of

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2

Li, Shuxiao, Ou Wu, Chengfei Zhu, and Hongxing Chang. "Visual object tracking using spatial Context Information and Global tracking skills." Computer Vision and Image Understanding 125 (August 2014): 1–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cviu.2013.10.001.

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3

Venturino, Michael, and F. Thomas Eggemeier. "Capacity Limitations in Human Information Processing: Theory and Applications." Proceedings of the Human Factors Society Annual Meeting 31, no. 6 (1987): 672–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/154193128703100613.

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Two factors that are critical aspects of complex system performance are system design and operator training. The contribution of each of these factors becomes paramount as increases in system complexity demand more sophisticated operator timesharing skills to monitor and control system operations safely and efficiently. In order to increase human operator skill levels, improvements in system design must be achieved to make aspects of monitoring and controlling tasks more commensurate with human abilities. Secondly, more effective and efficient training programs must be developed to allow human

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Stelmack, Joan A., Stephen Rinne, Rickilyn M. Mancil, et al. "Successful Outcomes from a Structured Curriculum Used in the Veterans Affairs Low Vision Intervention Trial." Journal of Visual Impairment & Blindness 102, no. 10 (2008): 636–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0145482x0810201008.

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A low vision rehabilitation program with a structured curriculum was evaluated in a randomized controlled trial. The treatment group demonstrated large improvements in self-reported visual function (reading, mobility, visual information processing, visual motor skills, and overall). The team approach and the protocols of the treatment program are described.

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Behets, Daniel. "Comparison of Visual Information Processing between Preservice Students and Experienced Physical Education Teachers." Journal of Teaching in Physical Education 16, no. 1 (1996): 79–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/jtpe.16.1.79.

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In this study, experienced physical education teachers’ observation skills in teaching situations are compared to that of first- and last-year student teachers. The 56 participants were shown 12 slides from a gymnastics lesson, and after viewing it for 4 s, they were asked to report what they had seen. The number of items and critical events reported were analyzed. No significant differences were found between the three groups on the number of events reported or for the number and duration of the eye fixations. Significant differences were found for the number of critical events reported and f

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Turlisova, Jelena, and Anita Jansone. "KNOWLEDGE MANAGEMENT AS AN ASSISTANT IN DATA PROCESSING AND DATABASE FOR PSYCHOPHYSIOLOGICAL TESTS." SOCIETY. INTEGRATION. EDUCATION. Proceedings of the International Scientific Conference 5 (May 28, 2021): 483–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.17770/sie2021vol5.6490.

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In nowadays modern society is a knowledge society and we are living in the information communication technologies century, so smart use of different computing tools, instruments and techniques are more and more used and applied for the problems of getting relevant information from the ever-increasing data flow and surrounding information problems resolving. Evaluation of children visual perception is not an exemption. In previous articles, authors described how mechanical skills of children's visual perception can be thoroughly evaluated by computerized system assistance that rates mechanical

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Sebok, Angelia, Matthew Walsh, Christopher Wickens, et al. "Development of Attentional Skills Training for Operators of Unmanned Aerial Systems." Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting 63, no. 1 (2019): 2161–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1071181319631276.

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The operators of unmanned aerial systems (UAS) have multiple screens of information they need to monitor, and numerous interruptions that challenge them in their work. Research on attentional training has revealed that it is possible to train operators to improve their visual scanning, prioritization, and interruption management performance. This paper describes the analyses that were conducted to identify the information processing requirements associated with UAS tasks and the integration of findings into a prototype attentional skills training tool. This tool uses adaptive scenario-based tr

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Lewkowicz, David J., and Ferran Pons. "Recognition of amodal language identity emerges in infancy." International Journal of Behavioral Development 37, no. 2 (2013): 90–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0165025412467582.

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Audiovisual speech consists of overlapping and invariant patterns of dynamic acoustic and optic articulatory information. Research has shown that infants can perceive a variety of basic auditory-visual (A-V) relations but no studies have investigated whether and when infants begin to perceive higher order A-V relations inherent in speech. Here, we asked whether and when do infants become capable of recognizing amodal language identity, a critical perceptual skill that is necessary for the development of multisensory communication. Because, at a minimum, such a skill requires the ability to per

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Simkin, Mark G., and Nancy A. Bagranoff. "Accounting And Visual Basic: Whats The Connection?" Review of Business Information Systems (RBIS) 4, no. 4 (2000): 17–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.19030/rbis.v4i4.5409.

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It is not enough today for accountants simply to know how to use word processing and spreadsheet software. In the knowledge age, accounting professionals must use infor-mation technology to the fullest. The ability to create, process, understand, and distri-bute information often determines work productivity, ratings on job performance evaluations, and even ultimate career successes. Accounting graduates with superior information technology (IT) skills are highly recruited, valued, and rewardedthese are the employees who are best able to perform the computer tasks required by their professiona

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10

Hijazi, Mona Mohamed Kamal. "Attention, Visual Perception and their Relationship to Sport Performance in Fencing." Journal of Human Kinetics 39, no. 1 (2013): 195–201. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/hukin-2013-0082.

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Abstract Attention and visual perception are important in fencing, as they affect the levels of performance and achievement in fencers. This study identifies the levels of attention and visual perception among male and female fencers and the relationship between attention and visual perception dimensions and the sport performance in fencing. The researcher employed a descriptive method in a sample of 16 fencers during the 2010/2011 season. The sample was comprised of eight males and eight females who participated in the 11-year stage of the Cairo Championships. The Test of Attentional and Inte

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Proksch, Jason, and Daphne Bavelier. "Changes in the Spatial Distribution of Visual Attention after Early Deafness." Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience 14, no. 5 (2002): 687–701. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/08989290260138591.

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There is much anecdotal suggestion of improved visual skills in congenitally deaf individuals. However, this claim has only been met by mixed results from careful investigations of visual skills in deaf individuals. Psychophysical assessments of visual functions have failed, for the most part, to validate the view of enhanced visual skills after deafness. Only a few studies have shown an advantage for deaf individuals in visual tasks. Interestingly, all of these studies share the requirement that participants process visual information in their peripheral visual field under demanding condition

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12

Smuc, Michael. "Just the other side of the coin? From error to insight analysis." Information Visualization 15, no. 4 (2016): 312–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1473871615598641.

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To shed more light on data explorers dealing with complex information visualizations in real-world scenarios, new methodologies and models are needed which overcome existing explanatory gaps. Therefore, a novel model to analyze users’ errors and insights is outlined that is derived from Rasmussen’s model on different levels of cognitive processing, and integrates explorers’ skills, schemes, and knowledge (skill–rule–knowledge model). After locating this model in the landscape of theories for visual analytics, the main building blocks of the model, where three cognitive processing levels are in

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Kvasova, Olga, and Natalia Liamzina. "BUILDING STUDENTS’ READING-INTO-WRITING SKILLS IN WEBQUEST." АRS LINGUODIDACTICAE, no. 2 (2018): 38–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.17721/2663-0303.2018.2.05.

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Background: Given the immediate access to multiple online resources and the necessity to utilize them in various professional fields has prompted the need in building ofreading-into-writing skills in English. These skills could be effectively shaped while computer assisted language learning such as WebQuest. Purpose: WebQuest, which has been used in various teaching/learning environments for over 20 years, appeared particularly relevant in teaching English for professional communication. Being based upon internet sources, WebQuest engages students in reading and processing texts offered in the

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Fletcher, Samuel G. "Visual Feedback and Lip-Positioning Skills of Children with and without Impaired Hearing." Journal of Speech, Language, and Hearing Research 29, no. 2 (1986): 231–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1044/jshr.2902.231.

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Interplay between visual feedback and lip-positioning skill was studied in 10 5- to 14-year-old children with normal hearing and 10 with severe to profound hearing impairment. With visual feedback, the subjects in both groups had similar response times and accuracy in matching six visually specified lip separation "targets." Special skill in processing visual information by the hearing-impaired subjects was suggested by higher velocities of lip movement toward the targets and shorter latencies in reaching the goal positions. In the responses of the hearing children, lip-closing movements were

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15

Ranney, Thomas A., and Nathaniel H. Pulling. "Relation of Individual Differences in Information-Processing Ability to Driving Performance." Proceedings of the Human Factors Society Annual Meeting 33, no. 15 (1989): 965–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/154193128903301514.

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Fifty subjects ranging in age from 30 to 83 participated in a closed-course driving test and in laboratory tests of information processing. Driving tests included responding to traffic signals, selection of routes, avoidance of moving hazards, and judgment at stationary gaps. Lab tests included measures of perceptual style, selective attention, reaction time, visual acuity, perceptual speed and risk-taking propensity. Analyses were conducted to determine how well lab measures predicted driving performance. Results revealed different patterns of correlations for different age groups. For younge

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Weijkamp, Janne, and Makiko Sadakata. "Attention to affective audio-visual information: Comparison between musicians and non-musicians." Psychology of Music 45, no. 2 (2016): 204–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0305735616654216.

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Individuals with more musical training repeatedly demonstrate enhanced auditory perception abilities. The current study examined how these enhanced auditory skills interact with attention to affective audio-visual stimuli. A total of 16 participants with more than 5 years of musical training (musician group) and 16 participants with less than 2 years of musical training (non-musician group) took part in a version of the audio-visual emotional Stroop test, using happy, neutral, and sad emotions. Participants were presented with congruent and incongruent combinations of face and voice stimuli wh

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17

GRAHAM, SUSAN A., VALERIE SAN JUAN, and MELANIE KHU. "Words are not enough: how preschoolers’ integration of perspective and emotion informs their referential understanding." Journal of Child Language 44, no. 3 (2016): 500–526. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0305000916000519.

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AbstractWhen linguistic information alone does not clarify a speaker's intended meaning, skilled communicators can draw on a variety of cues to infer communicative intent. In this paper, we review research examining the developmental emergence of preschoolers’ sensitivity to a communicative partner's perspective. We focus particularly on preschoolers’ tendency to use cues both within the communicative context (i.e. a speaker's visual access to information) and within the speech signal itself (i.e. emotional prosody) to make on-line inferences about communicative intent. Our review demonstrates

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18

Lee, Seung Deok, and Hyun Mee Lee. "The Effect of Vision Therapy on the Improvement in Visual Information Processing Skill." Journal of Korean Ophthalmic Optics Society 25, no. 4 (2020): 427–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.14479/jkoos.2020.25.4.427.

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19

Commodari, Elena, and Maria Guarnera. "Attention and Reading Skills." Perceptual and Motor Skills 100, no. 2 (2005): 375–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.2466/pms.100.2.375-386.

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Attention plays a critical role in information processing. Its adequate functioning is required for correct development of complex cognitive abilities and regular scholastic progress. Children with attention deficits often have difficulties in reading, writing, and arithmetic. The present study investigated interactions among reading skills, overall scholastic performance as rated by teachers, and components of attention: visual reaction time, simple immediate span of attention, and selectivity. The sample was 98 students in the first and second years of public junior high school (age range 11

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20

Schröter, Pauline, and Sascha Schroeder. "DIFFERENCES IN VISUAL WORD RECOGNITION BETWEEN L1 AND L2 SPEAKERS." Studies in Second Language Acquisition 40, no. 2 (2017): 319–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0272263117000201.

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AbstractInvestigating the impact of linguistic characteristics on visual word recognition in children, we studied whether differences in native (L1) and second language (L2) processing already emerge at the beginning of reading development. German elementary school students in grades 2 to 6 completed a battery of standardized tests and a lexical decision task (LDT). Though L1 speakers outperformed L2 speakers on German skills, groups did not differ in their overall performance on the LDT. However, results from mixed-effect models revealed greater effects for word frequency and length in L2 ove

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Blasi, Francesco D. Di, Flaviana Elia, Serafino Buono, Ger J. A. Ramakers, and Santo F. Di Nuovo. "Relationships between Visual-Motor and Cognitive Abilities in Intellectual Disabilities." Perceptual and Motor Skills 104, no. 3 (2007): 763–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.2466/pms.104.3.763-772.

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The neurobiological hypothesis supports the relevance of studying visual-perceptual and visual-motor skills in relation to cognitive abilities in intellectual disabilities because the defective intellectual functioning in intellectual disabilities is not restricted to higher cognitive functions but also to more basic functions. The sample was 102 children 6 to 16 years old and with different severities of intellectual disabilities. Children were administered the Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children, the Bender Visual Motor Gestalt Test, and the Developmental Test of Visual Perception, and

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22

Ishikura, Tadao, and Kimihiro Inomata. "Effects of Angle of Model-Demonstration on Learning of Motor Skill." Perceptual and Motor Skills 80, no. 2 (1995): 651–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.2466/pms.1995.80.2.651.

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The purpose was to examine the effects of three different demonstrations by a model on acquisition and retention of a sequential gross movement task. The second purpose was to examine the relationship between reversal processing of visual information about skills and coding of skill information. Thirty undergraduates (15 men and 15 women) were assigned into one of three conditions, Objective condition which demonstrated the task with the model facing the subject, Looking-glass condition in which the skill was demonstrated with the model facing the subject who viewed the performance opposite th

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Bosse, Marie-Line, Sonia Kandel, Chloé Prado, and Sylviane Valdois. "Does visual attention span relate to eye movements during reading and copying?" International Journal of Behavioral Development 38, no. 1 (2013): 81–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0165025413509046.

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This research investigated whether text reading and copying involve visual attention-processing skills. Children in grades 3 and 5 read and copied the same text. We measured eye movements while reading and the number of gaze lifts (GL) during copying. The children were also administered letter report tasks that constitute an estimation of the number of letters that are processed simultaneously. The tasks were designed to assess visual attention span abilities (VA). The results for both grades revealed that the children who reported more letters, i.e., processed more consonants in parallel, pro

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Kiuru, Konstantin, and Svetlana Simakova. "Media Education in Conditions of Visual Turn: European and Russian Experience." SHS Web of Conferences 50 (2018): 01079. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/shsconf/20185001079.

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The present article covers the study of changing of approaches to media education in the conditions of visual turn. The most relevant problems are: preparation of a human to adequate perception and processing of information flow; increasing of audience’s critical thinking; teaching a human different methods of working with information; perfecting of self-development skills in the conditions of media system that become more complicated. Certain changes have occurred in media consumption in the recent years: modern audience prefers visual content. Therefore, it is necessary to change the model o

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Venini, Dustin, Roger W. Remington, Gernot Horstmann, and Stefanie I. Becker. "Centre-of-Gravity Fixations in Visual Search: When Looking at Nothing Helps to Find Something." Journal of Ophthalmology 2014 (2014): 1–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/237812.

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In visual search, some fixations are made between stimuli on empty regions, commonly referred to as “centre-of-gravity” fixations (henceforth: COG fixations). Previous studies have shown that observers with task expertise show more COG fixations than novices. This led to the view that COG fixations reflect simultaneous encoding of multiple stimuli, allowing more efficient processing of task-related items. The present study tested whether COG fixations also aid performance in visual search tasks with unfamiliar and abstract stimuli. Moreover, to provide evidence for the multiple-item processing

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Vercruyssen, Max, Barbara L. Carlton, and Virginia Diggles-Buckles. "Aging, Reaction Time, and Stages of Information Processing." Proceedings of the Human Factors Society Annual Meeting 33, no. 3 (1989): 174–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/154193128903300305.

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Using Sternberg's (1969) Additive Factors Method (AFM), previous investigations in search of the locus of age-related slowing in reactive capacity have found conflicting results possibly due to inconsistencies in research methodologies. This experiment was conducted to examine age differences in the performance of AFM intratask manipulations of a reaction time task using both fixed and variable foreperiod conditions with subject testing at both naive and practiced skill levels. Twenty male subjects, ten young and ten old, performed a visual four-choice RT task with intratask manipulations of s

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Cavallo, Viola, and Michel Laurent. "Visual Information and Skill Level in Time-To-Collision Estimation." Perception 17, no. 5 (1988): 623–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1068/p170623.

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Previous studies on the visual origin of time-to-collision ( Tc) information have demonstrated that Tc estimates can be based solely on the processing of target expansion rate (optic variable τ). But in the simulated situations used (film clips), there was little reliable information on speed (owing to reduced peripheral vision) and distance (owing to the absence of binocular distance cues) available. In order to determine whether these kinds of information are also taken into account, it is necessary to take an approach where the subject receives a more complete visual input. Thus, an experim

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Hendry, Alexandra, Mark H. Johnson, and Karla Holmboe. "Early Development of Visual Attention: Change, Stability, and Longitudinal Associations." Annual Review of Developmental Psychology 1, no. 1 (2019): 251–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1146/annurev-devpsych-121318-085114.

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Visual attention is a basic mechanism of information gathering and environment selection and consequently plays a fundamental role in influencing developmental trajectories. Here, we highlight evidence for predictive associations from early visual attention to emotion regulation, executive function, language and broader cognitive ability, mathematics and literacy skills, and neurodevelopmental conditions. Development of visual attention is also multifaceted and nonlinear. In daily life, core functions such as orienting, selective filtering, and processing of visual inputs are intertwined and i

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Li, Wenjing, Jianhong Li, Jieqiong Wang, et al. "Functional Reorganizations of Brain Network in Prelingually Deaf Adolescents." Neural Plasticity 2016 (2016): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2016/9849087.

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Previous neuroimaging studies suggested structural or functional brain reorganizations occurred in prelingually deaf subjects. However, little is known about the reorganizations of brain network architectures in prelingually deaf adolescents. The present study aims to investigate alterations of whole-brain functional network using resting-state fMRI and graph theory analysis. We recruited 16 prelingually deaf adolescents (10~18 years) and 16 normal controls matched in age and gender. Brain networks were constructed from mean time courses of 90 regions. Widely distributed network was observed i

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Goodale, M. A., L. S. Jakobson, A. D. Milner, D. I. Perrett, P. J. Benson, and J. K. Hietanen. "The Nature and Limits of Orientation and Pattern Processing Supporting Visuomotor Control in a Visual Form Agnosic." Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience 6, no. 1 (1994): 46–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/jocn.1994.6.1.46.

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We have previously reported that a patient (DF) with visual form agnosia shows accurate guidance of hand and finger movements with respect to the size, orientation, and shape of the objects to which her movements are directed. Despite this, she is unable to indicate any knowledge about these object properties. In the present study, we investigated the extent to which DF is able to use visual shape or pattern to guide her hand movements. In the first experiment, we found that when presented with a stimulus aperture cut in the shape of the letter T, DF was able to guide a T-shaped form into it o

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Block, Sandra S., Rita Brusca-Vega, William J. Pizzi, Elizabeth Berry-Kravis, Dominick M. Maino, and Terry Treitman. "COMPARISON OF PERFORMANCE OF MOTHERS OF FRAGILE(X) CHILDREN EXHIBITING FULL VERSUS PREMUTATION ON TESTS OF VISUAL INFORMATION PROCESSING AND COGNITIVE SKILLS." Optometry and Vision Science 72, SUPPLEMENT (1995): 208. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00006324-199512001-00334.

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Tomashevska, T. V. "Features of the competence of the political and governing elite in the information society." Public administration aspects 6, no. 11-12 (2019): 13–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.15421/151869.

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The article describes the features of electronic and media culture, which include openness for owners of information resources, digitality, interactive nature of interaction between the subject and objects, content pluralism, including ethical and value, the status of simulation of cultural objects, the prevalence of visual perception over the meaning, rapid updating and the aging of objects, entertainment and gaming character, the increased role of media, communications and communications, which themselves become objects of electronic culture and its moderators. The key importance of informat

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MINSHEW, NANCY J., GERALD GOLDSTEIN, and DON J. SIEGEL. "Neuropsychologic functioning in autism: Profile of a complex information processing disorder." Journal of the International Neuropsychological Society 3, no. 4 (1997): 303–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1355617797003032.

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Neurobehavioral theories of autism have hypothesized core deficits in sensory input or perception, basic attentional abilities or generalized attention to extrapersonal space, anterograde memory, auditory information processing, higher order memory abilities, conceptual reasoning abilities, executive function, control mechanisms of attention, and higher order abilities across domains. A neuropsychologic battery designed to investigate these hypotheses was administered to 33 rigorously diagnosed autistic individuals with IQ scores greater than 80, and 33 individually matched normal controls. St

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Singh, Tarkeshwar, Julius Fridriksson, Christopher M. Perry, et al. "A novel computational model to probe visual search deficits during motor performance." Journal of Neurophysiology 117, no. 1 (2017): 79–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jn.00561.2016.

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Successful execution of many motor skills relies on well-organized visual search (voluntary eye movements that actively scan the environment for task-relevant information). Although impairments of visual search that result from brain injuries are linked to diminished motor performance, the neural processes that guide visual search within this context remain largely unknown. The first objective of this study was to examine how visual search in healthy adults and stroke survivors is used to guide hand movements during the Trail Making Test (TMT), a neuropsychological task that is a strong predic

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Klimina, N. V., and I. А. Morozov. "The program of the advanced training course for teachers of mathematics and informatics "Graphs and graph models: methods of visual processing "." Informatics and education, no. 3 (June 4, 2021): 31–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.32517/0234-0453-2021-36-3-31-41.

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The method of visual presentation of educational information for solving problems of mathematics and informatics is effective for the development of algorithmic, logical and computational thinking of schoolchildren. Technical progress, informatization of education, the emergence of modern software for visualization of information change the activities of teachers who need to master new technologies of information visualization for use in the classroom and in work with gifted children. Visual models for presenting educational information and methods of their processing with the use of computer

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Pring, Linda, and Maggie Snowling. "Developmental Changes in Word Recognition: An Information-Processing Account." Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology Section A 38, no. 3 (1986): 395–418. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/14640748608401605.

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Two experiments examining developmental changes in the use of context in single word reading are reported. The first experiment investigated how effectively children can access conceptual knowledge and use this to help their word recognition. The results indicated that young readers can on demand direct their attention to semantic information, and this allows them to reap a relatively greater benefit from context than older more skilful readers. The second experiment attempted to clarify the way such use of contextual information might help in the specific case when a child attempts to decode

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Goolsby, Thomas W. "Profiles of Processing: Eye Movements during Sightreading." Music Perception 12, no. 1 (1994): 97–123. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/40285757.

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Temporal and sequential components of the eye movement used by a skilled and a less-skilled sightreader were used to construct six profiles of processing. Each subject read three melodies of varying levels of concentration of visual detail. The profiles indicates the order, duration, and location of each fixation while the subjects sightread the melodies. Results indicate that music readers do not fixate on note stems or the bar lines that connect eighth notes when sightreading. The less-skilled music reader progressed through the melody virtually note-by-note using long fixations, whereas the

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Zhdanovа, Yulia, Svitlana Spasiteleva, and Svitlana Shevchenko. "APPLICATION OF THE SECURITY.CRYPTOGRAPHY CLASS LIBRARY FOR PRACTICAL TRAINING OF SPECIALISTS FROM THE CYBER SECURITY." Cybersecurity: Education Science Technique, no. 4 (2019): 44–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.28925/2663-4023.2019.4.4453.

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The article deals with the problem of training modern specialists of the specialty "125 - Cyber Security". Issues of providing students with specialized and professional knowledge and skills in cryptographic protection of the information are considered. The necessity of obtaining practical knowledge on information protection with a certain amount of theoretical knowledge for future cybersecurity specialists has been substantiated. Through the analysis of literature and the use of own experience, the essence and structure of the concept of "competence on cryptographic protection of the informat

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O'Toole, Alice J., and Carlos D. Castillo. "Face Recognition by Humans and Machines: Three Fundamental Advances from Deep Learning." Annual Review of Vision Science 7, no. 1 (2021): 543–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1146/annurev-vision-093019-111701.

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Deep learning models currently achieve human levels of performance on real-world face recognition tasks. We review scientific progress in understanding human face processing using computational approaches based on deep learning. This review is organized around three fundamental advances. First, deep networks trained for face identification generate a representation that retains structured information about the face (e.g., identity, demographics, appearance, social traits, expression) and the input image (e.g., viewpoint, illumination). This forces us to rethink the universe of possible solutio

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Ehri, Linnea C. "Learning to Read and Spell Words." Journal of Reading Behavior 19, no. 1 (1987): 5–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10862968709547585.

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Learning to read and spell words is a central part of becoming literate. During text reading, most words are processed, and skilled readers are able to do this effortlessly. How they become skilled at processing graphic cues has been the focus of our research. Findings indicate that prereaders do not acquire graphic skill by learning to read signs and labels in their environment. Rather, mastery of letters is required. Whereas prereaders use visual or context cues to identify words, as soon as children move into reading they shift to letter-sound cues. Initially, words are read by accessing re

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Russo, Sofia, Giulia Calignano, Marco Dispaldro, and Eloisa Valenza. "An Integrated Perspective on Spatio-Temporal Attention and Infant Language Acquisition." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18, no. 4 (2021): 1592. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18041592.

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Efficiency in the early ability to switch attention toward competing visual stimuli (spatial attention) may be linked to future ability to detect rapid acoustic changes in linguistic stimuli (temporal attention). To test this hypothesis, we compared individual performances in the same cohort of Italian-learning infants in two separate tasks: (i) an overlap task, measuring disengagement efficiency for visual stimuli at 4 months (Experiment 1), and (ii) an auditory discrimination task for trochaic syllabic sequences at 7 months (Experiment 2). Our results indicate that an infant’s efficiency in

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Silva, Rogeria Cristina Rangel da, Raquel Luíza Santos de Carvalho, and Marcia Cristina Nascimento Dourado. "Deficits in emotion processing in Alzheimer’s disease: a systematic review." Dementia & Neuropsychologia 15, no. 3 (2021): 314–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/1980-57642021dn15-030003.

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ABSTRACT Emotional processing involves the ability of the individual to infer emotional information. There is no consensus about how Alzheimer’s disease (AD) affects emotional processing. Objective: Our aim is to systematically review the impact of AD on emotion processing. Methods: We conducted a search based on the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA). The literature search was performed using the electronic databases MEDLINE (PubMed) and Science Citation Index (Institute for Scientific Information [ISI]). The following descriptors were used in the revi

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Kovacic-Popovic, Anita, and Marina Vujanovic. "The relationship between working memory and mathematical skills in third-grade primary school students." Zbornik Instituta za pedagoska istrazivanja 48, no. 2 (2016): 321–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/zipi1602321k.

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Working memory is an important factor that accounts for individual differences in mathematics achievement among children. A specific component of working memory is the visuospatial working memory, responsible for maintenance and processing of visual and spatial information significant for successful task completion. This research was aimed at examining whether there is a link between visuospatial working memory and the level of acquisition of mathematical skills. The research was conducted in primary schools in Belgrade in the second academic term of the year 2016. The sample included 103 stud

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Kelly, Leonard P. "Processing of Bottom-up and Top-Down Information by Skilled and Average Deaf Readers and Implications for Whole Language Instruction." Exceptional Children 61, no. 4 (1995): 318–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/001440299506100402.

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To explicate the competence of skilled deaf readers, this study compared groups of high- and average-ability, secondary-level, deaf readers on five indicators of cognitive processes used during reading. Two indicators focused on fluency in processing visual information; three measured readers' application of higher-level processes. Results indicated significant differences between the groups on the measures of fluency. However, intergroup similarities on the indexes of higher-level processing suggest that these components do not determine the reading superiority of the skilled readers. The fin

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Milner, A. D. "Vision without knowledge." Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series B: Biological Sciences 352, no. 1358 (1997): 1249–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rstb.1997.0107.

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A brain–damaged patient (D.F.) with visual form agnosia is described and discussed. D.F. has a profound inability to recognize objects, places and people, in large part because of her inability to make perceptual discriminations of size, shape or orientation, despite having good visual acuity. Yet she is able to perform skilled actions that depend on that very same size, shape and orientation information that is missing from her perceptual awareness. It is suggested that her intact vision can best be understood within the framework of a dual processing model, according to which there are two c

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Aretz, Anthony J. "Perceptual Skill and the Cerebral Hemispheres." Proceedings of the Human Factors Society Annual Meeting 36, no. 18 (1992): 1373–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/154193129203601803.

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The purpose of this experiment was to determine if there is a relationship between the development of a perceptual skill and the visual field of presentation for verbal and spatial stimuli. Subjects performed an extended practice Sternberg task in which targets were presented in either the left visual field (LVF) or right visual field (RVF). Both verbal (letters) and spatial (3−3 grid patterns) stimuli were used. The results indicated that visual field was not a significant factor for simple verbal stimuli. However, there was an initial LVF, or right hemisphere (RH), advantage for spatial stim

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Johnels, Jakob Åsberg, and Carmela Miniscalco. "Excellent Word-Reading Ability in the Context of an Autism Spectrum Disorder: A Case Study of a Swedish-Speaking 7-Year-Old Boy." Journal of Cognitive Education and Psychology 13, no. 1 (2014): 88–102. http://dx.doi.org/10.1891/1945-8959.13.1.88.

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This case study seeks to extend our knowledge of the phenotype associated with excellent word reading in autism spectrum disorder by a detailed examination of psycholinguistic, neuropsychological/cognitive, and classroom/academic functioning of a Swedish-speaking 7-year-old boy (called “Jonas”). On age-referenced word reading-decoding assessment, Jonas scored among the top 7%. Reading comprehension status varied as a function of information source. Jonas’s phonological processing and phonological memory performance was found to be normal to strong. In contrast, he scored poorly on tests of ora

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Bukhtayarova, Elena Yurevna. "Visual Modeling as a Means of Teaching Creative Storytelling to Senior Preschoolers with Severe Speech Impairments." Development of education, no. 1 (7) (March 13, 2020): 35–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.31483/r-74615.

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The article is specifically concerned with the fact that the search for new ways of improving corrective logopedic work with children diagnosed with severe speech disorders is directly associated with changes in the requirements concerning the content of preschool education. Today, the corrective work aimed at addressing emerging or existing impairments of speech and its grammatical structure, as well as phonemic hearing is prioritized in the Russian logopedics, being the most well-developed. The aim of this study is to establish the theoretical basis for the research problem and to develop a

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Lafrance, Marie-Elaine, Dana Benoit, Noémi Dahan-Oliel, and Isabelle Gélinas. "Development of a driving readiness program for adolescents and young adults with cerebral palsy and spina bifida." British Journal of Occupational Therapy 80, no. 3 (2016): 173–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0308022616672480.

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Introduction Occupational therapists are amongst the certified driving rehabilitation specialists providing driving rehabilitation and training. This study aimed at gathering information on driving readiness in adolescents and young adults with physical and/or cognitive impairments related to cerebral palsy and spina bifida to guide the development of a driving readiness program for this clientele. Method A review of the scientific literature was performed. Seventy-four driving rehabilitation specialists across North America were surveyed, of whom eight were subsequently interviewed. Results L

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Shirama, Aya, Nobumasa Kato, and Makio Kashino. "When do individuals with autism spectrum disorder show superiority in visual search?" Autism 21, no. 8 (2016): 942–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1362361316656943.

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Although superior visual search skills have been repeatedly reported for individuals with autism spectrum disorder, the underlying mechanisms remain controversial. To specify the locus where individuals with autism spectrum disorder excel in visual search, we compared the performance of autism spectrum disorder adults and healthy controls in briefly presented search tasks, where the search display was replaced by a noise mask at a stimulus-mask asynchrony of 160 ms to interfere with a serial search process while bottom-up visual processing remains intact. We found that participants with autism

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