Journal articles: 'Visualization of Noise'

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Licitra, Gaetano, Matteo Bolognese, Claudia Chiari, Stefano Carpita, and Luca Fredianelli. "Noise Source Predominance Map: a new representation for strategic noise maps." Noise Mapping 9, no. 1 (2022): 269–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/noise-2022-0163.

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Abstract Environmental noise prevention starts from strategic noise maps of main transport infrastructures and agglomerations. Graduated colors are representative of the average noise levels produced in space by each individual source, or the by the overall sum. Among their purposes, communication of results to population has been the most neglected. The present paper proposes predominance maps for the first time in environmental acoustic (NSP). NSP are visualization tool showing the predominant source in each point by means of polygons and colors. Also Intensity Noise Source Predominance maps (I-NSP) are proposed, which add visualizations of noise exposure levels to NSP by coloring the polygons according to a color-scale. Both NSP and I-NSP are new visualization that would help understanding and assigning responsibilities for exceeding limits, but they also represent a valid support for locating the acoustic monitoring stations when required. As case studies, the maps are calculated in port areas, as they are large areas with a great variability of different types of noise sources and represent a smaller case than agglomeration, but with higher complexity.

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Wickramathilaka, Nevil, Uznir Ujang, Suhaibah Azri, and Tan Liat Choon. "Calculation of Road Traffic Noise, Development of Data, and Spatial Interpolations for Traffic Noise Visualization in Three-dimensional Space." Geomatics and Environmental Engineering 17, no. 5 (2023): 61–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.7494/geom.2023.17.5.61.

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Road traffic noise visualization is vital in three-dimensional (3D) space. Designing noise observation points (NOPs) and the developments of spatial interpolations are key elements for the visualization of traffic noise in 3D. Moreover, calculating road traffic noise levels by means of a standard noise model is vital. This study elaborates on the developments of data and spatial interpolations in 3D noise visualization. In 3D spatial interpolation, the value is interpolated in both horizontal and vertical directions. Eliminating flat triangles is vital in the vertical direction. Inverse distance weighted (IDW), kriging, and triangular irregular network (TIN) are widely used to interpolate noise levels. Because these interpolations directly support the interpolation of three parameters, the developments of spatial interpolations should be applied to interpolate noise levels in 3D. The TIN noise contours are primed to visualize traffic noise levels while IDW and kriging provide irregular contours. Further, this study has identified that the TIN noise contours fit exactly with NOPs in 3D. Moreover, advanced kriging interpolation such as empirical Bayesian kriging (EBK) also provides irregular shape contours and this study develops a comparison for such contours. The 3D kriging in EBK provides a significant approach to interpolate noise in 3D. The 3D kriging voxels show a higher accurate visualization than TIN noise contours.

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Xiao-Xia Guo, Xiao-Xia Guo, Rui-Qi Zhang Xiao-Xia Guo, Shu-Hao Liu Rui-Qi Zhang, Chen Wan Shu-Hao Liu, Zhen-Yu Wang Chen Wan, and Rong-Rong Han Zhen-Yu Wang. "Visualization of Rotating Machinery Noise Based on Near Field Acoustic Holography." 電腦學刊 33, no. 4 (2022): 215–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.53106/199115992022083304018.

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<p>In order to solve the problem of fast identification of the noise source of rotating machinery, the time-space complex envelope model of monopole sound source is studied, and a modulation method of the complex envelope is proposed. A method combining near-field acoustic holography technology and complex envelope information is proposed to reconstruct the sound field and realize the identification of rotating machinery noise sources. Using the overall fluctuation of the signal to identify the noise source of the rotating machinery greatly reduces the amount of calculation, and speeds up the positioning speed while ensuring the positioning accuracy. According to the sound field radiation characteristics of rotating machinery noise, different measurement distances, different sampling points numbers and different reconstruction distances are selected to reconstruct the sound field. The simulation data analysis results show that the near-field acoustic holography technology can still obtain high sound field reconstruction accuracy under the condition of large reconstruction distance, and does not require high sampling points numbers. Using the envelope information extracted by envelope modulation technology to reconstruct the sound field can accurately identify the number and geometric distribution of sound sources. This technology not only speeds up data processing, but also ensures the accuracy of sound field reconstruction.</p> <p>&nbsp;</p>

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Pan, Jianping, Yuzhe He, Wei Ma, et al. "Machine Learning-Enhanced 3D GIS Urban Noise Mapping with Multi-Modal Factors." ISPRS International Journal of Geo-Information 14, no. 6 (2025): 223. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijgi14060223.

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Geographic Information System (GIS)-based noise management is crucial in urban environments as it provides precise spatial analysis, helping to identify noise hotspots and optimize noise control measures. By integrating noise propagation models with GIS technology, dynamic simulation and visualization of noise distribution can be achieved, offering scientific support for urban planning and noise management. Most existing noise prediction models fail to fully account for three-dimensional (3D) spatial information and a wide range of environmental factors. As a result, there are often discrepancies between the actual noise measurements at monitoring points and the predicted values generated by these models. Furthermore, there is a lack of a system that can effectively integrate noise data with three-dimensional scenes for simulation. This paper proposes a new method to simulate urban noise propagation, aiming to achieve more accurate noise prediction and visualization in a three-dimensional environment. First, we computed the preliminary noise propagation based on a traffic noise model. Next, machine learning techniques were applied to analyze the relationship between noise discrepancies and multi-modal factors, thereby improving the accuracy of environmental noise level estimation. Based on this, we developed an urban noise simulation system. The system integrates functions such as noise simulation, traffic simulation, and weather changes, enabling accurate noise visualization within a three-dimensional virtual environment. Experimental results demonstrate that this method enhances the accuracy of urban noise prediction and visualization, providing users with a more comprehensive understanding of the spatial distribution of urban noise.

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Celi, Roberto. "Time-Frequency Visualization of Helicopter Noise." Journal of the American Helicopter Society 46, no. 4 (2001): 262–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.4050/jahs.46.262.

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Hirata, Takeshi. "Fundamentals Knowledge and Visualization of Noise." JAPAN TAPPI JOURNAL 75, no. 12 (2021): 1097–103. http://dx.doi.org/10.2524/jtappij.75.1097.

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Vugdelija, Nikola, Rainer Splechtna, Goran Todorović, Mirko Sužnjević, and Krešimir Matković. "Comparative visualization for noise simulation data." Electronic Imaging 35, no. 1 (2023): 401–1. http://dx.doi.org/10.2352/ei.2023.35.1.vda-401.

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Yan, Suqing, Xiaonan Luo, Xiyan Sun, Jianming Xiao, and Jingyue Jiang. "Indoor Acoustic Signals Enhanced Algorithm and Visualization Analysis." Computational Intelligence and Neuroscience 2021 (July 31, 2021): 1–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/7592064.

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A pure acoustic signal can be easy to realize signal analysis and feature extraction. However, the surrounding noises will affect the content of acoustic signals as well as auditory fatigue to the audience. Therefore, it is vital to overcome the problem of noises that affect the acoustic signal. An indoor acoustic signal enhanced method based on image source (IS) method, filtered-x least mean square (FxLMS) algorithm, and the combination of Delaunay triangulation and fuzzy c-means (FCM) clustering algorithm is proposed. In the first stage of the proposed system, the IS method was used to simulate indoor impulse response. Next, the FxLMS algorithm was used to reduce the acoustic signals with noise. Lastly, the quiet areas are optimized and visualized by combining the Delaunay triangulation and FCM clustering algorithm. The experimental analysis results on the proposed system show that better noise reduction can be achieved than the most widely used least mean square algorithm. Visualization was validated with an intuitive understanding of the indoor sound field distribution and the quiet areas.

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Belsak, Ales, and Jurij Prezelj. "Investigating Sound Sources of Faulty Gear Units." Key Engineering Materials 417-418 (October 2009): 337–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.417-418.337.

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In diagnostics, the condition of mechanical systems can be determined very reliably on the basis of noise. Noise source visualization is based on a number of different methods. These methods are primarily intended for a specific noise source in a specific acoustic environment. In this paper, a visualization method of complex noise sources, based on the use of acoustic camera, is dealt with. All types of different complex noise sources can be visualized, using a special acoustic algorithm. Also, various transient acoustical phenomena can be observed.

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Tagami, Kotaro, Satoshi Ogasawara, and Hirohito Funato. "Visualization of Noise Propagation in Grounding System." IEEJ Transactions on Industry Applications 127, no. 2 (2007): 131–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1541/ieejias.127.131.

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van Wijk, Jarke J. "Spot noise texture synthesis for data visualization." ACM SIGGRAPH Computer Graphics 25, no. 4 (1991): 309–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/127719.122751.

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NAGAI, Kenichiro, Tatsuya ISHII, Hideshi OINUMA, and Katsumi TAKEDA. "Development of Portable Noise Source Visualization System." Proceedings of the Symposium on Environmental Engineering 2004.14 (2004): 128–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1299/jsmeenv.2004.14.128.

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Cuffe, Paul, Harold Kirkham, Chris Dent, and Amy Wilson. "Data Visualization: The Signal and the Noise." IEEE Potentials 37, no. 4 (2018): 28–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/mpot.2018.2824359.

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Canham, Trevor D., Javier Vazquez-Corral, David L. Long, Richard F. Murray, and Michael S. Brown. "Noise Prism: A Novel Multispectral Visualization Technique." Color and Imaging Conference 31, no. 1 (2023): 193–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.2352/cic.2023.31.1.36.

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Jiang, Haiyan, Xiaoshuang Wang, Wei Tang, Qinghui Song, Qingjun Song, and Wenchao Hao. "Event Stream Denoising Method Based on Spatio-Temporal Density and Time Sequence Analysis." Sensors 24, no. 20 (2024): 6527. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s24206527.

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An event camera is a neuromimetic sensor inspired by the human retinal imaging principle, which has the advantages of high dynamic range, high temporal resolution, and low power consumption. Due to the interference of hardware and software and other factors, the event stream output from the event camera usually contains a large amount of noise, and traditional denoising algorithms cannot be applied to the event stream. To better deal with different kinds of noise and enhance the robustness of the denoising algorithm, based on the spatio-temporal distribution characteristics of effective events and noise, an event stream noise reduction and visualization algorithm is proposed. The event stream enters fine filtering after filtering the BA noise based on spatio-temporal density. The fine filtering performs time sequence analysis on the event pixels and the neighboring pixels to filter out hot noise. The proposed visualization algorithm adaptively overlaps the events of the previous frame according to the event density difference to obtain clear and coherent event frames. We conducted denoising and visualization experiments on real scenes and public datasets, respectively, and the experiments show that our algorithm is effective in filtering noise and obtaining clear and coherent event frames under different event stream densities and noise backgrounds.

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Niu, Yaying, and Yong‐Joe Kim. "Fan noise visualization and noise source identification by using nearfield acoustical holography." Journal of the Acoustical Society of America 128, no. 4 (2010): 2381. http://dx.doi.org/10.1121/1.3508467.

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Wickramathilaka, Nevil, Uznir Ujang, and Suhaibah Azri. "Improving Traffic-noise-mitigation Strategies with LiDAR-based 3D Tree-canopy Analysis." Geomatics and Environmental Engineering 18, no. 3 (2024): 81–103. http://dx.doi.org/10.7494/geom.2024.18.3.81.

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The leaves on trees absorb road noise and serve as noise barriers. Tree structures such as tree belts and isolated trees have various methods for absorbing sounds. The depth, surface area, and noise-absorption coefficient of trees contribute to noise absorption. Therefore, this study aims to address this issue of traffic-noise pollution through the use of trees; in particular, by analyzing the noise-absorption coefficient of leaves, the surface area of the leaves, and the depths of the trees. However, the study stresses the need for 3D tree-canopy visualization to identify these factors. To achieve this, the study used LiDAR point clouds to provide accurate data for the convex hull visualizations of canopies. Additionally, a formulated equation for calculating traffic noise after absorption has been suggested by combining the traffic-noise absorption and Henk de Kluijver traffic-noise models. The study also compares the effectiveness of tree belts and isolated trees in reducing noise pollution, concluding that, below a canopy of trees, there is no noise reduction. Finally, the study has demonstrated that the number and sizes of leaves affect noise absorption, showing that noise pollution can be reduced by 1 to 3 dB(A) in the research area by using trees.

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Aznaurov, V. G., E. V. Kondratiev, N. K. Oganesyan, and G. G. Karmazanovsky. "Low-Dose Hepatopancreatic MDCT: Practical Experience of Applicability." Medical Visualization, no. 2 (April 28, 2017): 28–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.24835/1607-0763-2017-2-28-35.

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Aims: to evaluate the possibilities of low-dose MDCT protocols in visualization of liver and pancreatic tumors.Materials and methods. 40 patients were enrolled in study and divided into 2 groups. Two scanning protocols were used, differing by the voltage on the X-ray tube-standard 120 kV, and the modified 100 kV. All studies were performed with intravenous administration of a contrast agent. The data – noise, a circumference of abdominal cavity, a relation “contrast-noise”, data of contrast strengthening of organs were evaluated. The tomograms were reconstructed using standard and iterative reconstruction algorithms. A qualitative assessment of the images was carried out according to 2 parameters – the evaluation of the whole image and the visualization of tumor on a 3-point scale.Results. Radiation exposure decreased by 31.5% using the modified protocol. The noise level did not differ with the use of standard reconstruction, but it decreased markedly using iterative reconstruction. The contrast-to-noise ratio turned out to be higher in the “100 kV” group and consistently increased with increasing levels of iterative reconstruction. Evaluations of the visualization of tumors were significantly higher in the “100 kV” group.Conclusion. The use of low-dose protocols is justified, it allows to seriously reduce the radiation exposure, improving visualization of the liver and pancreas tumors (primarily hypervascular). Application of iterative reconstruction algorithms allows achieving significant improvement in image quality and noise reduction.

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Wickramathilaka, Nevil Vidyamanee, Uznir Ujang, Suhaibah Azri, Tan Liat Choon, and Attygalage Ranjith Rupasinghe. "Traffic Noise Absorption and Propagation in A Three-Dimensional Spatial Environment." Geoplanning: Journal of Geomatics and Planning 11, no. 2 (2024): 149–64. https://doi.org/10.14710/geoplanning.11.2.149-164.

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The impact of noise barriers on noise propagation is vital for traffic noise calculations and visualizations. Noise barriers create a major noise reduction. Green belts are the most common type of noise barrier to mitigate road traffic noise. The width, height, and surface area of leaves a green belt, as well as the noise absorption coefficient of leaves, are vital for noise absorption. This review aims to compare the characteristics and performance of green belts barriers built for traffic noise reduction. Individual tree canopies play the main role in absorbing noise in green belts. Therefore, identifying the canopy's properties is important. The side scan and nadir scan from the LiDAR survey were used to detect the tree canopy points cloud. The voxel-based, convex hull, and concave hull methods are used to visualize tree canopies in three-dimensional (3D). Concave hull provides an extract fitting surface than convex hull visualization. However, these hull surfaces do not provide accurate estimation of surface area of leaves. Further, voxel-based horizontal layers through the voxel-based profiling describes a significant method to calculate surface area of leaves in tree canopies. Establishing green belts as barriers is more cost-effective, making the former better for developing countries.

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Wickramathilaka, Nevil Vidyamanee, Uznir Ujang, Suhaibah Azri, Tan Liat Choon, and Attygalage Ranjith Rupasinghe. "Traffic Noise Absorption and Propagation in A Three-Dimensional Spatial Environment." Geoplanning: Journal of Geomatics and Planning 11, no. 2 (2024): 29–44. https://doi.org/10.14710/geoplanning.11.2.29-44.

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The impact of noise barriers on noise propagation is vital for traffic noise calculations and visualizations. Noise barriers create a major noise reduction. Green belts are the most common type of noise barrier to mitigate road traffic noise. The width, height, and surface area of leaves a green belt, as well as the noise absorption coefficient of leaves, are vital for noise absorption. This review aims to compare the characteristics and performance of green belts barriers built for traffic noise reduction. Individual tree canopies play the main role in absorbing noise in green belts. Therefore, identifying the canopy's properties is important. The side scan and nadir scan from the LiDAR survey were used to detect the tree canopy points cloud. The voxel-based, convex hull, and concave hull methods are used to visualize tree canopies in three-dimensional (3D). Concave hull provides an extract fitting surface than convex hull visualization. However, these hull surfaces do not provide accurate estimation of surface area of leaves. Further, voxel-based horizontal layers through the voxel-based profiling describes a significant method to calculate surface area of leaves in tree canopies. Establishing green belts as barriers is more cost-effective, making the former better for developing countries.

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Cruz, António, Joel P. Arrais, and Penousal Machado. "Interactive and coordinated visualization approaches for biological data analysis." Briefings in Bioinformatics 20, no. 4 (2018): 1513–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/bib/bby019.

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AbstractThe field of computational biology has become largely dependent on data visualization tools to analyze the increasing quantities of data gathered through the use of new and growing technologies. Aside from the volume, which often results in large amounts of noise and complex relationships with no clear structure, the visualization of biological data sets is hindered by their heterogeneity, as data are obtained from different sources and contain a wide variety of attributes, including spatial and temporal information. This requires visualization approaches that are able to not only represent various data structures simultaneously but also provide exploratory methods that allow the identification of meaningful relationships that would not be perceptible through data analysis algorithms alone. In this article, we present a survey of visualization approaches applied to the analysis of biological data. We focus on graph-based visualizations and tools that use coordinated multiple views to represent high-dimensional multivariate data, in particular time series gene expression, protein–protein interaction networks and biological pathways. We then discuss how these methods can be used to help solve the current challenges surrounding the visualization of complex biological data sets.

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Wang, Huaihui, Huaxun Xu, Liang Zeng, and Sikun Li. "Fuzzy Feature Visualization of 3D Vector Field by Information-Entropy-Based Texture Adaptation." International Journal of Virtual Reality 10, no. 4 (2011): 37–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.20870/ijvr.2011.10.4.2827.

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Texture adaptation is a challenging issue in tex-ture-based feature visualization. In order to visualize as more information as we can, this paper presents a texture adaptation technique for fuzzy feature visualization of 3D vector field, taking into account information quantity carried by vector field and texture based on extended information entropy. Two definitions of information measurement for 3D vector field and noise texture, MIE and RNIE, are proposed to quantitatively represent the information carried by them. A noise generation algorithm based on three principles derived from minimal differentia of MIE and RNIE is designed to obtain an approximately optimal distribution of noise fragments which shows more details than those used before. A discussion of results is included to demonstrate our algorithm which leads to a more reasonable visualization results based on fuzzy feature measurement and information quantity.

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Zhang, Wei, and Yaozu Song. "NOISE REDUCTION METHOD IN FLOW VISUALIZATION USING DSPI." Journal of Flow Visualization and Image Processing 6, no. 4 (1999): 261–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1615/jflowvisimageproc.v6.i4.10.

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Stahl, Heiner. "Stahl, Heiner: Preparing for Landing, Ready for Take-Off. Zoning Noise Pollution as Spatio-Temporal Practices at Berlin-Tegel and Berlin-Tempelhof Airport (1965-1975), in: Historical Social Research 38 (2013) 3, S. 229-245." Historical Social Reseach 38, no. 3 (2013): 229–45. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.2571979.

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Challenging aircraft noise from a civil society perspective signifies the reglementing boundaries political participation when coming to terms with the logic of traffic planning, mobility and economically determined appeal of a city's business utilities.

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Lee, Daehan, Daun Jang, and Sanglok Yoo. "Development of a Multidimensional Analysis and Integrated Visualization Method for Maritime Traffic Behaviors Using DBSCAN-Based Dynamic Clustering." Applied Sciences 15, no. 2 (2025): 529. https://doi.org/10.3390/app15020529.

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Automatic Identification System (AIS) data offer essential insights into maritime traffic patterns; however, effective visualization tools for decision-making remain limited. This study presents an integrated visualization processing method to support ship operators by identifying maritime traffic behavior information, such as traffic density, direction, and flow in specific sea navigational areas. We analyzed AIS dynamic data from a specific sea area, calculated ship density distributions across a grid lattice, and obtained visualizations of traffic-dense areas as heat maps. Using the density-based spatial clustering of applications with a noise algorithm, we detected traffic direction at each grid point, which was visualized in the form of directional arrows, and clustered ship trajectories to identify representative traffic flows. The visualizations were integrated and overlaid onto an S-57-based electronic nautical map for Mokpo’s entry and exit routes, revealing primary shipping lanes and critical inflection points within the target area. This integrated visualization method simultaneously displays traffic density, flow, and customary routes. It is adapted for the electronic nautical chart (S-101) under the next-generation hydrographic information standard (S-100), which can be used as a tool to support decision-making for ship operators.

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Xie, Huangxin, Shengxian Yi, and Zhongjiong Yang. "A Robust Noise Estimation Algorithm Based on Redundant Prediction and Local Statistics." Sensors 24, no. 1 (2023): 168. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s24010168.

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Blind noise level estimation is a key issue in image processing applications that helps improve the visualization and perceptual quality of images. In this paper, we propose an improved block-based noise level estimation algorithm. The proposed algorithm first extracts homogenous patches from a single noisy image using local features, obtaining the covariance matrix eigenvalues of the patches, and constructs dynamic thresholds for outlier discrimination. By analyzing the correlations between scene complexity, noise strength, and other parameters, a nonlinear discriminant coefficient regression model is fitted to accurately predict the number of redundant dimensions and calculate the actual noise level according to the statistical properties of the elements in the redundancy dimension. The experimental results show that the accuracy and robustness of the proposed algorithm are better than those of the existing noise estimation algorithms in various scenes under different noise levels. It performs well overall in terms of performance and execution speed.

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Chen, Fengyu, Minghui Huang, Zhuxi Ma, Yibo Li, and Qianbin Huang. "An Iterative Weighted-Mean Filter for Removal of High-Density Salt-and-Pepper Noise." Symmetry 12, no. 12 (2020): 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/sym12121990.

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Salt-and-pepper noise, which is often introduced by sharp and sudden disturbances in the image signal, greatly reduces the quality of images. Great progress has been made for the salt-and-pepper noise removal; however, the problem of image blur and distortion still exists, and the efficiency of denoising requires improvement. This paper proposes an iterative weighted-mean filter (IWMF) algorithm in detecting and removing high-density salt-and-pepper noise. Three steps are required to implement this algorithm: First, the noise value and distribution characteristics were used to identify the noise pixels, effectively improving the accuracy of noise detection. Second, a weighted-mean filter was applied to the noisy pixels. We adopted an un-fixed shape symmetrical window with better detail preservation ability. Third, this method was performed iteratively, avoiding the streak effect and artifacts in high noise density. The experimental results showed that IWMF outperformed other state-of-the-art filters at various noise densities, both in subjective visualization and objective digital measures. The extremely fast execution speed of this method is quite suitable for real-time processing.

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IIDA, Akiyoshi, Toshitaka MINBU, Kenji MORITA, and Hiroyuki TANIDA. "Attempt to Visualization of Noise Source of Wuthering Noise in a Wind Tunnel." Journal of the Visualization Society of Japan 29-1, no. 1 (2009): 23. http://dx.doi.org/10.3154/jvs.29.23.

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Wang, Yu, Xiaohong Chen, Guoxiong Lu, et al. "Improving the Visualization of the Adrenal Veins Using Virtual Monoenergetic Images from Dual-Energy Computed Tomography before Adrenal Venous Sampling." Tomography 9, no. 2 (2023): 485–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/tomography9020040.

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(1) Background: This study explored the optimal energy level in advanced virtual monoenergetic images (VMI+) from dual-energy computed tomography angiography (DE-CTA) for adrenal veins visualization before adrenal venous sampling (AVS). (2) Methods: Thirty-nine patients were included in this prospective single-center study. The CT value, noise, signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) and contrast-to-noise ratio (CNR) were measured in both adrenal veins and abdominal solid organs and were then compared between VMI+ within the range of 40–80 kiloelectron volt (keV). The visualization rate of the adrenal veins and the overall image quality of solid organs were subjectively compared among different keV VMI+. The AVS success rate was recorded for 20 patients. (3) Results: For the adrenal veins, 40 keV VMI+ had the peak CT value, noise and CNR (p < 0.05). Subjectively, the visualization rate was the highest at 40 keV (100% for the right adrenal vein, and 97.4% for the left adrenal vein) (p < 0.05). For solid organs, the CT value, noise and CNR at 50 keV were lower than those at 40 keV (p < 0.05), but the SNR was similar between 40 keV and 50 keV. The overall subjective image quality of solid organs at 50 keV was the best (p < 0.05). The AVS success rate was 95%. (4) Conclusions: For VMI+, 40 keV was the preferential energy level to obtain a high visualization rate of the adrenal veins and a high success rate of AVS, while 50 keV was the favorable energy level for the depiction of abdominal organs.

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Berger, Markus, and Ralf Bill. "Combining VR Visualization and Sonification for Immersive Exploration of Urban Noise Standards." Multimodal Technologies and Interaction 3, no. 2 (2019): 34. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/mti3020034.

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Urban traffic noise situations are usually visualized as conventional 2D maps or 3D scenes. These representations are indispensable tools to inform decision makers and citizens about issues of health, safety, and quality of life but require expert knowledge in order to be properly understood and put into context. The subjectivity of how we perceive noise as well as the inaccuracies in common noise calculation standards are rarely represented. We present a virtual reality application that seeks to offer an audiovisual glimpse into the background workings of one of these standards, by employing a multisensory, immersive analytics approach that allows users to interactively explore and listen to an approximate rendering of the data in the same environment that the noise simulation occurs in. In order for this approach to be useful, it should manage complicated noise level calculations in a real time environment and run on commodity low-cost VR hardware. In a prototypical implementation, we utilized simple VR interactions common to current mobile VR headsets and combined them with techniques from data visualization and sonification to allow users to explore road traffic noise in an immersive real-time urban environment. The noise levels were calculated over CityGML LoD2 building geometries, in accordance with Common Noise Assessment Methods in Europe (CNOSSOS-EU) sound propagation methods.

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Havran, Volodymyr, and Mariia Orynchak. "AI/ML INTEGRATION INTO NOISE POLLUTION MONITORING SYSTEMS FOR RAIL TRANSPORT AND SMART CITIES." Computer Design Systems. Theory and Practice 6, no. 3 (2024): 50–55. https://doi.org/10.23939/cds2024.03.050.

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Noise pollution is a significant environmental and social problem for rail transport and urban areas. This paper describes an approach to noise monitoring based on the integration of artificial intelligence (AI) and machine learning (ML) into acoustic data collection and analysis systems. The SVAN 958A spectral analyzer was used as the measuring equipment, which allows obtaining accurate noise data in real time. ML algorithms are used for automatic noise detection, in particular, tram noise, in order to improve the quality of classification and analysis. For data visualization and results management, interactive dashboards were created in the Grafana environment, which are integrated into the overall smart city management system. These dashboards provide the opportunity to monitor noise pollution in real time, predict its level and make operational decisions to reduce the impact of noise on the urban environment. The proposed system demonstrates practical effectiveness due to the combination of data collection tools, machine learning methods and a user-friendly visualization interface. Its implementation allows to improve the quality of noise pollution monitoring, contribute to reducing noise levels and improve the environmental situation, ensuring comfortable living conditions in the urban environment.

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Johansson, Jimmy, Camilla Forsell, Mats Lind, and Matthew Cooper. "Perceiving Patterns in Parallel Coordinates: Determining Thresholds for Identification of Relationships." Information Visualization 7, no. 2 (2008): 152–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/palgrave.ivs.9500166.

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This article presents a study that investigates the ability of humans to perceive relationships (patterns) in parallel coordinates, an ability that is crucial to the use of this popular visualization technique. It introduces a visual quality metric, acceptable distortions of patterns, which establishes the level of noise that may be present in data while allowing accurate identification of patterns. This metric was used to assess perceptual performance of standard 2D parallel coordinates and multi-relational 3D parallel coordinates in two experiments. In multirelational 3D parallel coordinates the axes are placed on a circle with a focus axis in the centre, allowing a simultaneous analysis between the focus variable and all other variables. The experiments aimed to determine the maximum number of variables that can be, from a user's point of view, efficiently used in a multi-relational 3D parallel coordinates display and to present a first attempt to study users' ability to analyse noisy data in parallel coordinates. The results show that, in terms of the acceptable level of noise in data, a multi-relational 3D parallel coordinates visualization having 11 axes (variables) is as efficient as standard 2D parallel coordinates. Visualizing a larger number of variables would possibly require a greater amount of manipulation of the visualization and thus be less efficient.

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Cui, Zhe, Shivalik Sen, Sriram Karthik Badam, and Niklas Elmqvist. "VisHive: Supporting web-based visualization through ad hoc computational clusters of mobile devices." Information Visualization 18, no. 2 (2018): 195–210. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1473871617752910.

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Current web-based visualizations are designed for single computers and cannot make use of additional devices on the client side, even if today’s users often have access to several, such as a tablet, a smartphone, and a smartwatch. We present a framework for ad hoc computational clusters that leverage these local devices for visualization computations. Furthermore, we present an instantiating JavaScript toolkit called VisHive for constructing web-based visualization applications that can transparently connect multiple devices—called cells—into such ad hoc clusters—called a hive—for local computation. Hives are formed either using a matchmaking service or through manual configuration. Cells are organized into a master–slave architecture, where the master provides the visual interface to the user and controls the slaves and the slaves perform computation. VisHive is built entirely using current web technologies, runs in the native browser of each cell, and requires no specific software to be downloaded on the involved devices. We demonstrate VisHive using four distributed examples: a text analytics visualization, a database query for exploratory visualization, a density-based spatial clustering of applications with noise clustering running on multiple nodes, and a principal component analysis implementation.

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Saleem, Mohammad, Omar L. Rodriguez, Aatresh Karnam, Ephraim Gutmark, and Junhui Liu. "Optical-acoustics source analysis of supersonic jet noise reduction using micro vortex generators." Journal of the Acoustical Society of America 152, no. 4 (2022): A221. http://dx.doi.org/10.1121/10.0016074.

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A new supersonic jet noise reduction technology has been developed using Micro Vortex Generators (MVGs) by the collaboration between the University of Cincinnati and the Naval Research Laboratory. MVGs are used on model scale nozzles that are representative of GE F404 engine nozzles. Noise reductions up to −10 dB have been observed in both laboratory measurements and LES simulations at conditions related to take off in the overexpanded regime. Analysis of the acoustic field and flow field using Schlieren visualization reveal the noise reduction mechanisms associated with MVGs. Direct visualization of the changes in shock cell spacing, Large Coherent Structures (LCS) formation, and their convective velocity are identified and those changes modify the downstream propagating hydrodynamic waves and the upstream propagating acoustics waves. Spectral Proper Orthogonal Decomposition (SPOD) is utilized to examine the flow sources at frequencies associated with the noise components observed in the acoustic spectra to explain the noise reduction mechanisms of MVGs.

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Lee, Y. L. "Effects of body leakage on ventilation and wind noise around a sunroof." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part D: Journal of Automobile Engineering 216, no. 5 (2002): 363–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1243/0954407021529174.

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Some passenger cars with sunroofs open at tilted positions experience reverse flows into cabin rooms and wind noises much louder than in other cars. In this study, flows around an open tilted sunroof are numerically studied with varying body leakage. The effects of body leakage on ventilation and wind noise of a sunroof are examined, in particular. Furthermore, flow visualization, pressure and wind noise measured from the wind tunnel and road tests are presented. The results show that too small a body leakage results in poor ventilation performance and generates high wind noises around a sunroof. It is therefore very important to secure an adequate body leakage from the early design stage to achieve better performance of a sunroof as well as passengers' thermal comfort.

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Ha, Jin-Ung, Hyun-Woo Kim, Myungjin Cho, and Min-Chul Lee. "Three-Dimensional Visualization Using Proportional Photon Estimation Under Photon-Starved Conditions." Sensors 25, no. 3 (2025): 893. https://doi.org/10.3390/s25030893.

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In this paper, we propose a new method for three-dimensional (3D) visualization that proportionally estimates the number of photons in the background and the object under photon-starved conditions. Photon-counting integral imaging is one of the techniques for 3D image visualization under photon-starved conditions. However, conventional photon-counting integral imaging has the problem that a random noise is generated in the background of the image by estimating the same number of photons in entire areas of images. On the other hand, our proposed method reduces the random noise by estimating the proportional number of photons in the background and the object. In addition, the spatial overlaps have been applied to the space where photons overlap to obtain the enhanced 3D images. To demonstrate the feasibility of our proposed method, we conducted optical experiments and calculated the performance metrics such as normalized cross-correlation, peak signal-to-noise ratio (PSNR), and structural similarity index measure (SSIM). For SSIM of 3D visualization results by our proposed method and conventional method, our proposed method achieves about 3.42 times higher SSIM than conventional method. Therefore, our proposed method can obtain better 3D visualization of objects than conventional photon-counting integral imaging methods under photon-starved conditions.

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Agalidi, Yu, and O. Koshel. "Increasing reliability of forensic analysis while research on destroyed relief marking with magneto-optical devices." Theory and Practice of Forensic Science and Criminalistics 23, no. 1 (2021): 148–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.32353/khrife.1.2021.11.

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While research on destroyed relief marking of metal objects using the magneto-optical method, visualization of (invisible) fields of internal stress in the VIN plate area is performed and then a forensic analysis of obtained instrumental data is carried out (indirect organoleptic observation of the visualization results); thus, forensic analysis reliability of results directly depends on sensitivity of instruments and informativeness of instrumental data. The main quantitative characteristic in this case is probability of correct signal recognition (contours of marking signs) against the background of noise (structural noise of investigated surface and the noise of the visualization method itself) determined by the signal-to-noise ratio. This article presents results of a comparative experimental assessment of signal-to-noise ratio and probability of correct signal recognition while restoringthe destroyed relief markings for two complexes of magneto-optical imaging – models of 2006 and 2018. This article purpose is a quantitative and qualitative comparative assessment of results of visualization of internal stresses in areas of completely removed relief marking of metal objects. The results of successful practical research obtained by forensic experts from different countries make it possible to assess effectiveness and prospects of using the magneto-optical imaging method. In a new modification of the magneto-optical complex:  signal level is 4.35 dB higher (contrast of reconstructed marking signs); 2.71 dB lower noise level (surface relief/texture and magnetic copying noise);• probability of correct character recognition is P> 0.995 (increased by 14.9%).  Technical improvements in implementation of magneto-optical visualization method made it possible to expand the range of materials for research objects(magnetic and electrically conductive materials were investigated). The high efficiency of method for restoring marking is illustrated by results of forensic examinations for materials with a low level of residual stresses (aluminum alloy, low-carbon steel) which chemical etching method did not give results for. The use of new modification allows examining the rust layer, up to cases of corrosion to the entire depth of marks. Considering non-destructive nature of magneto-optical researches, possibility of their repeated repetition without losing object properties, this method (in accordance with the order of application of types of studies) deserves more attention for application.

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Liu, Jinke, and Martin Vinck. "Improved visualization of high-dimensional data using the distance-of-distance transformation." PLOS Computational Biology 18, no. 12 (2022): e1010764. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pcbi.1010764.

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Dimensionality reduction tools like t-SNE and UMAP are widely used for high-dimensional data analysis. For instance, these tools are applied in biology to describe spiking patterns of neuronal populations or the genetic profiles of different cell types. Here, we show that when data include noise points that are randomly scattered within a high-dimensional space, a “scattering noise problem” occurs in the low-dimensional embedding where noise points overlap with the cluster points. We show that a simple transformation of the original distance matrix by computing a distance between neighbor distances alleviates this problem and identifies the noise points as a separate cluster. We apply this technique to high-dimensional neuronal spike sequences, as well as the representations of natural images by convolutional neural network units, and find an improvement in the constructed low-dimensional embedding. Thus, we present an improved dimensionality reduction technique for high-dimensional data containing noise points.

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WONG, KELVIN K. L., JIYUAN TU, and RICHARD M. KELSO. "VORTICAL FLOW ANALYSIS." Journal of Mechanics in Medicine and Biology 10, no. 02 (2010): 191–212. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0219519410003319.

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The minimization of errors due to random noise in statistical properties such as the mean and root mean square of a vorticity distribution is investigated. We map two-dimensional (2D) vorticity fields and present the distribution of vorticity with an intensity map. Then, we quantify the reliability of the visualization configuration using statistical properties of this distribution. To validate our methodology, we devise vortical flow fields based on the analytical Lamb–Oseen vortex. The reliability of the vorticity measurements from our results shows that the size of the flow vector sampling and random noise in the data affect the fidelity of the vorticity maps. Based on this analysis, we establish an optimised configuration that minimises the influence of noise on the computed vorticity histograms. The concept outlined in this study may be used to reduce the effects of noise in a vorticity calculation, and thereby improve the effectiveness of flow visualization.

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Li, Ye. "Visualization of Automobile Aerodynamic Noise Using Experiment and CFD." Journal of the Visualization Society of Japan 28-1, no. 1 (2008): 193. http://dx.doi.org/10.3154/jvs.28.193.

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FUJISAWA, Nobuyuki, Satoshi SHIBUYA, Atsushi NASHIMOTO, and Tsuyoshi TAKANO. "Aerodynamic Noise and Flow Visualization around Two-dimensional Airfoil." Transaction of the Visualization Society of Japan 21, no. 9 (2001): 123–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.3154/tvsj.21.123.

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HOUZU, Hiroyuki, Mitsuru IKEDA, Takehisa TAKAISHI, and Mitsuo ABOSHI. "Visualization of Dipole Noise Source around High Speed Pantograph." Transaction of the Visualization Society of Japan 25, no. 6 (2005): 13–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.3154/tvsj.25.13.

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TAKANO, Yasushi, and Shinji SETO. "W0901(3) Machinery Noise Source Visualization and its Control." Reference Collection of Annual Meeting 2009.9 (2009): 330–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1299/jsmemecjsm.2009.9.0_330.

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Adabi, Saba, Siavash Ghavami, Mostafa Fatemi, and Azra Alizad. "Non-Local Based Denoising Framework for In Vivo Contrast-Free Ultrasound Microvessel Imaging." Sensors 19, no. 2 (2019): 245. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s19020245.

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Vascular networks can provide invaluable information about tumor angiogenesis. Ultrafast Doppler imaging enables ultrasound to image microvessels by applying tissue clutter filtering methods on the spatio-temporal data obtained from plane-wave imaging. However, the resultant vessel images suffer from background noise that degrades image quality and restricts vessel visibilities. In this paper, we addressed microvessel visualization and the associated noise problem in the power Doppler images with the goal of achieving enhanced vessel-background separation. We proposed a combination of patch-based non-local mean filtering and top-hat morphological filtering to improve vessel outline and background noise suppression. We tested the proposed method on a flow phantom, as well as in vivo breast lesions, thyroid nodules, and pathologic liver from human subjects. The proposed non-local-based framework provided a remarkable gain of more than 15 dB, on average, in terms of contrast-to-noise and signal-to-noise ratios. In addition to improving visualization of microvessels, the proposed method provided high quality images suitable for microvessel morphology quantification that may be used for diagnostic applications.

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Zamarripa-Ramírez, J. C. I., D. Moreno-Hernández, and A. Martinez Gonzalez. "Denoising of Images for Temperature and Chemiluminescence Measurements of Premixed Flames Applying the Abel Transform." Fire 6, no. 11 (2023): 437. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/fire6110437.

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The temperature field and chemiluminescence measurements of axisymmetric flame are obtained simultaneously in only one image. Digital Laser Speckle Displacement measures temperature fields, and direct image flame determines chemiluminescence values. Applying the Abel transform of axisymmetric objects for volume visualization requires smooth intensity profiles. Due to the nature of the experimental setup, direct image flame is corrupted with speckle noise and a crosstalk effect. These undesirable effects deteriorate the measurement results. Then, experimental data need crosstalk correction and speckle noise reduction to improve the measurements. This work aims to implement a methodology to reduce the speckle noise of highly noisy data intensity profiles to create smooth profiles appropriate to applying the Abel transform. The method uses a Four-Order Partial Differential Equation to reduce speckle noise and a Curve fitting utilizing a set of Gaussian functions to decrease residual undesirable effects. After this, correction of crosstalk is necessary to avoid this effect. The methodology is applied to premixed flames generated with Liquid Petroleum Gas for different mixes.

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Wickramathilaka, N., and U. Ujang. "3D Kriging interpolation for traffic noise visualization: designing noise observation points and valuation of spatial interpolation accuracy." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 1274, no. 1 (2023): 012001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/1274/1/012001.

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Abstract Identifying the risk of traffic noise is vital in minimizing traffic noise pollution in urban areas. As noise travels in every direction, 3D visualization of traffic noise is essential, which involves visualising traffic noise along the facades of buildings. A standard traffic noise model is necessary to calculate traffic noise levels, as several factors affect traffic noise. Moreover, designing noise observation points in 3D and spatial interpolation play significant roles in 3D noise visualisation. Therefore, this study demonstrates the results by elaborating on the spatial interpolation and designing noise observation points. A noise observation point consists of four parameters in 3D space. Generally, Inverse Distance Weighted (IDW), Triangular Irregular Network (TIN), and Kriging do not support the interpolation of four parameters in 3D. However, 3D Kriging in Empirical Bayesian Kriging provides significant opportunities to interpolate noise levels in 3D. However, the elements of the function of spatial interpolations are vital for accuracy. The 3D Kriging uses different variograms according to semivariance. This variogram directly impacts the weighting factor of 3D Kriging. Therefore, this study develops a comparison to identify the impact of different variograms on the accuracy of 3D Kriging interpolation on traffic noise.

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Belsak, Ales, and Jurij Prezelj. "Acoustic Damage Analysis of a Gear System." Key Engineering Materials 488-489 (September 2011): 787–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.488-489.787.

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In diagnostics, noise can be a very reliable way of defining the condition of mechanical systems. There are different methods to visualise the noise source. Primarily, they deal with a specific noise source in a specific acoustic environment. This paper presents a visualization method of complex noise sources, using an acoustic camera. This method makes it possible to visualise all types of different complex noise sources; a special acoustic algorithm is applied for this purpose. Also, it is possible to observe various transient acoustical phenomena.

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Yuan, Yongfeng, and Kuanquan Wang. "A Mixed Gauss and Directional Distance Filter for Fiber Direction Tracking." International Journal of Image and Graphics 14, no. 01n02 (2014): 1450001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0219467814500016.

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Fiber directional tracking through diffusion tensor magnetic resonance imaging (DT-MRI) is a promising research field in visualization and computer graphics and is widely applied in the reconstruction of fiber orientation and the structure of biological tissues. The filter technique used to blur noise in data is of critical importance for fiber directional tracking, particularly because existing tracking methods are very sensitive to impulsive noise. In this paper, a mixed filter of the 3D Gauss and directional distance filter (GDDF) is proposed to suppress noises in corrupted vector fields. Simulation results and objective evaluation of vector datasets demonstrate that GDDF not only possesses the capability of noise attenuation but also preserves vector directions. By validating the simulated vector data against experimental heart data, it is also shown that the GDDF is an effective and stable preprocessing method that accurately reconstructs fiber orientation.

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A. Mazlan, A. Z., M. H. A. Satar, M. H. Hamdan, et al. "Characterisation of the Humming-Type Noise and Vibration of the Automotive HVAC System." International Journal of Automotive and Mechanical Engineering 16, no. 2 (2019): 6634–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.15282/ijame.16.2.2019.12.0499.

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The automotive heating and ventilating air condition (HVAC) system, when vibrating, can generate various types of noises such as humming, hissing, clicking and air-rushes. These noises can be characterised to determine their root causes. In this study, the humming-type noise is taken into consideration whereby the noise and vibration characteristics are measured from various HVAC components such as power steering pump, compressor and air conditional pipe. Four types of measurement sensors were used in this study - tachometer for rpm tracking; accelerometer for the vibration microphone for the noise; and sound camera for the visualization measurement. Two types of operating conditions were taken into consideration - they were “idle” (850 rpm) and “running” (850-1400 rpm) conditions. A constant blower speed was applied for both conditions. The result shows that the humming noises can be determined at the frequency range of 300-350 Hz and 150-250 Hz for both idle and running conditions, respectively. The vibration of the power steering pump shows the worst acceleration of 1.8 m/s2 at the frequency range of 150-250 Hz, compared to the compressor and air conditional pipe. This result was validated with the 3D colour order and sound camera analyses, in which the humming noise colour mapping shows dominance in this frequency range.

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Deng, Jiantao, Ting Ma, Jing Yan, et al. "Effect of Low Tube Voltage (100 kV) Combined with ASIR-V on the Visualization and Image Quality of the Adamkiewicz Artery: A Comparison with 120 kV Protocol." Diagnostics 13, no. 15 (2023): 2495. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/diagnostics13152495.

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Objective: To evaluate the effect of low tube voltage (100 kV) combined with adaptive statistical iterative reconstruction-V (ASIR-V) on the visualization and image quality of the Adamkiewicz artery (AKA). Methods: One hundred patients were prospectively enrolled and randomly assigned into two groups (both n = 50). Group A (100 kV) was reconstructed with filtered back projection (FBP) and ASIR-V from 10% to 100% with 10% intervals. Group B (120 kV) was only reconstructed with FBP. The objective image quality was evaluated by using CT values of the aorta (CTAorta), background noise, signal-to-noise ratio of the descending aorta (SNRAorta), and contrast-to-noise ratio of the spinal cord (CNRSpinal cord). The subjective image quality and visualization scores of the AKA were assessed on a 5-point scale. Results: CTAorta was significantly higher in Group A than in Group B (p < 0.001). When ASIR-V weights were ≥60%, significant differences were found in the background noise, SNRAorta, and CNRSpinal cord between the two groups (all p < 0.05). In Group A, compared with FBP, the subjective score gradually increased as ASIR-V increased to 80%, which decreased when ASIR-V exceeded 80%. The visualization scores of the AKA (≥60%) and the ability to detect vessel continuity (≥80%) gradually increased as the ASIR-V weights increased (p < 0.05). The effective radiation dose was reduced by about 40.36% in Group A compared to Group B. Conclusions: compared with conventional scanning protocol, using a combination of low tube voltage (100 kV) and 80% ASIR-V protocol could not only increase the visualization of the AKA, but also improve image quality and reduce the radiation doses.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Visualization of Noise'

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