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1
Zakharova, I. N., I. I. Pshenichnikova, E. B. Mumladze, and V. I. Svintsitskaya. "Should we give vitamins to children?" Medical Council 1, no. 1 (December 30, 2016): 22–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.21518/2079-701x-2016-1-22-29.
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Adequate supply of micronutrients including vitamins is essential for the normal functioning of child's body. Currently, about 2 billion people worldwide suffer from vitamin deficiencies. The most vulnerable population groups are pregnant women, children and adolescents. Vitamin deficiency which developed in childhood has adverse long-term outcomes throughout the whole life. One of the priority areas of the public policy of the Government of the Russian Federation in the field of healthy nutrition is to improve vitamin sufficiency in children and adults. This article describes biological effects of the essential vitamins and outcomes of deficiencies; the need for the management of vitamin deficiency is substantiated.
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Starostina, L. S. "Vitamin and mineral supply in children: a pediatrician’s view." Russian Journal of Woman and Child Health 3, no. 4 (2020): 319–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.32364/2618-8430-2020-3-4-319-325.
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The important role of vitamins for bodily functions was described for the first time by Russian pediatrician N.I. Lunin as early as in 1880. Since then, doctors, biologists, researchers, and other experts have focused on the effects of vitamins on human body and their role in various processes. In 2017, the Union of Pediatricians of Russia has developed “National program of the optimization of vitamin and mineral supply of Russian children” based on the monitoring of child nutrition. Treatment of multivitamin deficiency involves additional intake of missing substances as well as the improvement of their absorption and their synthesis in human body. The vast majority of vitamin and mineral supplements contain daily-recommended amounts of essential vitamins and microelements. However, not all substances are completely absorbed since patients with multivitamin deficiency often have gut microbiome abnormalities resulting in poor availability of supplemented vitamins and minerals. This paper discusses the rationale of additional vitamins, their role in bodily functions, and signs of vitamin deficiency. KEYWORDS: children, prevention, vitamins, microelements, macroelements, micronutrients, harmonious development, immunity, microbiota, Bifidobacterium. FOR CITATION: Starostina L.S. Vitamin and mineral supply in children: a pediatrician’s view. Russian Journal of Woman and Child Health. 2020;3(4):319–324. DOI: 10.32364/2618-8430-2020-3-4-319-325.
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Mochulska, O. M., O. R. Boyarchuk, M. I. Kinash, T. O. Vorontsova, and L. A. Volianska. "The effects of vitamins A, E, D, disorders of their metabolism and the assessment of level of vitamin security in children (literature review)." Modern pediatrics. Ukraine, no. 2(114) (March 27, 2021): 58–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.15574/sp.2021.114.58.
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Vitamins are a group of biologically highly active, low molecular weight organic compounds of various chemical nature, which are practically not synthesized in the human body or are synthesized in insufficient quantities, mainly income with food, and are vital to ensure for the flow and regulation of metabolic processes in the body. Vitamins are micronutrients that are among the essential (essential) factors of nutrition, their content in food is small, usually in the range from 10 to 100 mg/100 g. Vitamins have an exceptional property — the ability to high biological activity in small doses, without being a source of energy or plastic material, act as biological catalysts for vital body functions. According to physicochemical properties and solubility, vitamins A, E, D belong to fat-soluble, are characterized by thermal stability, resistant to cysts and alkalis, their main characteristic is the ability to promote the assimilation of mаcro- and microelements. Vitamins A, E, D are needed at all stages of growth and development of the child's body, the processes of adaptation. The main types of vitamins metabolism disorders are vitamin deficiency, hypo-, hyper- and dysvitaminosis, polyvitaminosis. It is important to constantly monitor the sufficient content of each vitamins in the daily diet of children. The following methods of assessing vitamin supply are known: clinical, biochemical, calculation of vitamin content. Purpose — to increase knowledgment about the effects of vitamins A, E, D, their importance in metabolism, to analyze the main types of their metabolism disorders, to present possible methods for assessing the supply of vitamins in children. Conclusions. The child's body needs a constant supply of vitamins to maintain their amount at the required level. All vital processes take place in the body during the direct participation of vitamins. Future research in the field of the vitamins A, E, D effects will contribute to a better understanding of their role in ensuring the optimal functioning in a human body. Screening and elimination of vitamin A, E, D deficiency in children can not only improve health, but also help increase the life quality. No conflict of interest was declared by the authors. Key words: vitamins A, E, D, vitamin deficiency, hypovitaminosis, hypervitaminosis, dysvitaminosis, polyvitaminosis, children.
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Zakharova, I. N., and M. P. Aisanova. "Essential vitamins deficiency in children under one year." Medical Council, no. 11 (July 18, 2019): 180–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.21518/2079-701x-2019-11-180-187.
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The article provides information on the main groups of vitamins and their effects on the child’s body. The negative effect of the macroand micro-elements deficit on the human body, both of the adults and children, has been proved convincingly. The essential triad of vitamins (A, C, D,) is the most significant vitamins for children under one year. This combination of vitamins ensures the safety of the combination and the possibility of mutual supplement of ingredients for effective formation of infant immunity, neuropsychic development, harmonious physical development and prevention of rickets. The vast majority of children under one year have an essential vitamins A, C, D deficiency, regardless of the nature of feeding. The Russian studies showed that only 45.6% of children have an adequate vitamin D level. It is also proven that children with atopic dermatitis have low vitamins A, C, and E levels.
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Esmaeili dooki, M. R., L. Moslemi, A. A. Moghadamnia, M. Alijanpour Aghamaleki, A. Bijani, M. Pornasrollah, and H. Ashrafianamiri. "Vitamin D status in preschool children: should vitamin D supplementation, preventing vitamin D deficiency be continued in children over 2 years?" Journal of Public Health 41, no. 3 (August 22, 2018): 575–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/pubmed/fdy147.
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Abstract Background The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of vitamin D deficiency among preschool children in rural and urban areas of Northern Iran and need for continuing vitamin D supplementation after 2 years of age. Method A sample of 406 children aged 30–72 months was selected from health centres. Serum levels of 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25OHD), demographic data, anthropometric characteristics and total body surface area, were evaluated. Results Subnormal vitamin D levels were found in 68.94% (269) of children. In multiple logistic regression models, season (P = 0.001) and residency (P = 0.006) were significantly correlated with vitamin D deficiency. Multiple linear regression analysis revealed that age (β = −0.18, P < 0.001), body mass index (β = −1.1, P < 0.001) and sun exposure (β = 0.4, P < 0.001) were significantly associated with 25OHD level. Conclusion Owing to the high prevalence of subnormal vitamin D levels in preschool children, it is recommended that vitamin D deficiency prevention programs are continued in this age group.
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Marushko, Yu V., and T. V. Hyshchak. "Prevention of vitamin D deficiency in children. The state of the problem in the world and in Ukraine." Modern pediatrics. Ukraine, no. 4(116) (May 26, 2021): 36–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.15574/sp.2021.116.36.
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The article presents current data on the prevalence of vitamin D deficiency and criteria for its deficiency in children in different countries. Vitamin D is recognized as one of the most important vitamins involved in many biochemical processes in the body. Its active metabolites play a key role in calcium absorption, bone mineralization and promote phosphate and magnesium metabolism. At the same time, in addition to affecting mineral metabolism, there is a wide range of conditions in which vitamin D also plays a preventive role. Vitamin D has been shown to play a vital role in innate immunity maintenance and is important in prevention of several diseases, including infections, autoimmune diseases, certain forms of cancer, type 1 and 2 diabetes, and cardiovascular diseases. Vitamin D is of particular importance for newborns and young children. This vitamin is involved in important physiological regulatory processes such as bone metabolism, lung development, maturation of the immune system and differentiation of the nervous system. Vitamin D deficiency increases risks of neonatal sepsis, necrotizing enterocolitis, respiratory distress syndrome, and bronchopulmonary dysplasia. Adequate intake of vitamin D and calcium during childhood can reduce the risk of osteoporosis and other diseases associated with vitamin D deficiency in adults. Recently, vitamin D deficiency has shown to be a potential risk factor for COVID-19 propensity. It has been established that to date most scientific pediatric societies have recognized the need to prevent vitamin D deficiency in healthy children of all ages, but data on the dosage of vitamin D in its prophylactic use differ. Most scientific societies recommend an average of 400–600 IU per day of vitamin D for prophylactic purposes. The analysis of published data shows the need to follow a strategy based on an individual approach, taking into account physiological characteristics, individual requirements and lifestyle. No conflict of interest was declared by the authors. Key words: vitamin D, children, deficiency, prevention.
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Lipińska-Opałka, Agnieszka, Agata Tomaszewska, Jacek Z. Kubiak, and Bolesław Kalicki. "Vitamin D and Immunological Patterns of Allergic Diseases in Children." Nutrients 13, no. 1 (January 8, 2021): 177. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu13010177.
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Vitamin D, in addition to its superior role as a factor regulating calcium-phosphate metabolism, shows wide effects in other processes in the human body, including key functions of the immune system. This is due to the presence of vitamin D receptors in most cells of the human body. In our study, we aimed to assess whether there is a correlation between vitamin D content and the clinical course of allergic diseases as well as establish their immunological parameters in children. We found that vitamin D deficiency was significantly more frequent in the group of children with an allergic disease than in the control group (p = 0.007). Statistically significant higher vitamin D concentrations in blood were observed in the group of children with a mild course of the disease compared to children with a severe clinical course (p = 0.03). In the group of children with vitamin D deficiency, statistically significant lower percentages of NKT lymphocytes and T-regulatory lymphocytes were detected compared to the group of children without deficiency (respectively, p = 0.02 and p = 0.05), which highlights a potential weakness of the immune system in these patients. Furthermore, statistically higher levels of interleukin-22 were observed in the group of children with vitamin D deficiency (p = 0.01), suggesting a proinflammatory alert state. In conclusion, these results confirm the positive relationship between the optimal content of vitamin D and the lesser severity of allergic diseases in children, establishing weak points in the immune system caused by vitamin D deficiency in children.
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Lipińska-Opałka, Agnieszka, Agata Tomaszewska, Jacek Z. Kubiak, and Bolesław Kalicki. "Vitamin D and Immunological Patterns of Allergic Diseases in Children." Nutrients 13, no. 1 (January 8, 2021): 177. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu13010177.
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Vitamin D, in addition to its superior role as a factor regulating calcium-phosphate metabolism, shows wide effects in other processes in the human body, including key functions of the immune system. This is due to the presence of vitamin D receptors in most cells of the human body. In our study, we aimed to assess whether there is a correlation between vitamin D content and the clinical course of allergic diseases as well as establish their immunological parameters in children. We found that vitamin D deficiency was significantly more frequent in the group of children with an allergic disease than in the control group (p = 0.007). Statistically significant higher vitamin D concentrations in blood were observed in the group of children with a mild course of the disease compared to children with a severe clinical course (p = 0.03). In the group of children with vitamin D deficiency, statistically significant lower percentages of NKT lymphocytes and T-regulatory lymphocytes were detected compared to the group of children without deficiency (respectively, p = 0.02 and p = 0.05), which highlights a potential weakness of the immune system in these patients. Furthermore, statistically higher levels of interleukin-22 were observed in the group of children with vitamin D deficiency (p = 0.01), suggesting a proinflammatory alert state. In conclusion, these results confirm the positive relationship between the optimal content of vitamin D and the lesser severity of allergic diseases in children, establishing weak points in the immune system caused by vitamin D deficiency in children.
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Ulgen Temel, Esra, Kenan Kocabay, and Aybars Ozkan. "Investigation of Vitamin D Deficiency in Pre-School Children During Summer Season." Eurasian Journal of Family Medicine 10, no. 1 (March 30, 2021): 21–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.33880/ejfm.2021100104.
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Aim: Vitamin D deficiency is an important public health problem, especially affecting children. The aim of our study is to evaluate the serum 25 (OH) vitamin D levels of children during the summer and to determine some features such as exposure to the sun, oral vitamin D supplementation, and to examine the parameters that affect serum vitamin D levels. Methods: In our study, children aged between 12 and 83 months were included. A questionnaire was answered by families. In this cross-sectional study, serum 25 (OH) vitamin D levels of children and biochemical parameters were examined. Results: The mean serum 25 (OH) vitamin D level was 27.0±12.4 ng/ml. Vitamin D deficiency was found 17%, and vitamin D insufficiency was 6%. The children that taking daycare indoors and body mass index <5th percentile had lower serum 25 (OH) vitamin D levels. Children between the ages of 12- 36 months and children with chronic diseases were found to have a shorter time to benefit from sunlight. Conclusion: The rate of vitamin D deficiency and insufficiency (<20 ng/ml) in children were found at 23% in summer season. Families and caregivers should be informed about vitamin D and should be aware of safe sun exposure. Keywords: Vitamin D, sunlight, summer, children, vitamin D deficiency
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Shulhai, A.-M. A., and H. A. Pavlyshyn. "PREVALENCE AND RISK FACTORS FOR VITAMIN D DEFICIENCY IN OVERWEIGHT AND OBESE ADOLESCENTS IN UKRAINE." International Journal of Medicine and Medical Research 4, no. 2 (March 1, 2019): 24–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.11603/ijmmr.2413-6077.2018.2.9694.
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Background. Vitamin D affects the function of many organs and systems. Lipid metabolism disorder is established to be one of the risk factors for vitamin D deficiency, and the amount of adipose tissue is crucial.
Objective. The aim of the study was to determine the prevalence and risk factors for vitamin D deficiency in overweight and obese adolescents.
Methods. 146 children with excessive weight and obesity as well as 63 healthy children with normal body weight were examined. In the study groups, there were no children taking vitamin D. Vitamin D status was evaluated by the level of 25(OH)D in blood serum. Vitamin D deficiency was diagnosed at the level of 25(OH)D between 20 and 29 ng/ml, and significant deficiency – below 20 ng/ml, normal calcidiol content was 30-100 ng/ml.
Results. The average level of 25(OH)D in the adolescents with normal body weight was 19.76±4.28 ng/ml, in the adolescents with excessive body weight – 15.24±3.47 ng/ml, and in the obese children – 13.87±2.71 ng/ml. The prevalence of vitamin D deficiency in the overweight adolescents was 70.62%, and in the adolescents with obesity – 77.19%.
Conclusions. Vitamin D deficiency is prevalent in the adolescents with overweight and obesity. To prevent the development of hypovitaminosis and vitamin D deficiency, it is necessary to carry out educational activities with adolescents for promotion of healthy lifestyle and healthy food, as well as to develop an optimal program for improving vitamin D status in the obese children.
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Lane, Ginny, Christine Nisbet, Susan J. Whiting, and Hassan Vatanparast. "Canadian newcomer children’s bone health and vitamin D status." Applied Physiology, Nutrition, and Metabolism 44, no. 7 (July 2019): 796–803. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/apnm-2018-0705.
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Adequate calcium intake and supply of vitamin D during childhood play important roles in ensuring adequate bone mass gain to achieve optimal peak bone mass. The Healthy Immigrant Children study employed a mixed-method cross-sectional study design to characterize the health and nutritional status of 300 immigrant and refugee children aged 3–13 years who had been in Canada for less than 5 years. This paper presents bone mineral content and vitamin D status data along with qualitative data that deepen the understanding of newcomer bone health status. A significantly higher percentage of refugee children (72.3%) had insufficient (<50 nmol/L) or deficient (<30 nmol/L) serum vitamin D compared with immigrants (53.2%). Vitamin D deficiency was most common among ethnic minority girls. Newcomer children with higher intakes of vitamin D, younger newcomer children, and those from western Europe or the United States had higher serum vitamin D levels. Immigrants had significantly higher mean total body bone mineral content compared with refugees. Total body fat, serum vitamin D, calcium intake, height, height by calcium intake, total body fat by calcium intake, and total body fat by height predicted total body bone mineral content levels. Vitamin D deficiency among newcomer children may be related to lack of knowledge regarding children’s vitamin D requirements in the Canadian environment, dietary habits established in country of origin, low income that limits healthy dietary choices, and lifestyle habits that limit exposure to sunlight. Results suggest a need to screen newcomer children and pregnant women for vitamin D deficiency and support early intervention.
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Laizāne, Marta, Ieva Saulīte, Sandra Feierābende, and Ingrīda Rumba-Rozenfelde. "Level of 25-Hydroxyvitamin D in Pediatric Arthritis Patients." Proceedings of the Latvian Academy of Sciences. Section B. Natural, Exact, and Applied Sciences. 73, no. 5 (October 1, 2019): 425–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/prolas-2019-0068.
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Abstract Vitamin D deficiency is common and widespread globally. Vitamin D has an immunomodulatory effect, but it is still unclear whether its deficiency is associated with higher disease activity. The aim of this retrospective study was to determine the serum concentration of vitamin D in children with paediatric arthritis (juvenile idiopathic arthritis and reactive arthritis). Prevalence of hypo-vitaminosis D among 98 children with juvenile idiopathic arthritis and reactive arthritis was determined and association between serum concentration of vitamin D and disease activity markers was found. Prevalence of vitamin D deficiency among children included in this study was 69.07%. Children with juvenile idiopathic arthritis had a significantly lower vitamin D level than children with reactive arthritis. There was a statistically significant moderate negative correlation between serum concentration of vitamin D and patient age, as well as a weak negative correlation between vitamin D level and patient body mass index. The significant correlations found between vitamin D level and inflammatory markers indicate that further research on the role of vitamin D in disease activity is needed.
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Gomboeva, N. B., and E. I. Grigoryeva. "PROVISION OF VITAMIN D FOR CHILDREN AND ADOLESCENTS IN THE CITY OF ULAN-UDE." Pediatria. Journal named after G.N. Speransky 100, no. 3 (May 28, 2021): 295–300. http://dx.doi.org/10.24110/0031-403x-2021-100-3-295-300.
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The proven relationship between the frequency of influenza and acute respiratory infections in children with vitamin D deficiency and the data on the relationship between a high mortality rate from SARS-CoV-2 in patients with low levels of vitamin D in the body under conditions of a forced sharp decrease in the level of insolation in the period from March 11, 2020 dictated the relevance assessing the vitamin D supply of children and adolescents in educational organizations of the city of Ulan-Ude. Purpose of the study: to assess the vitamin D supply of children and adolescents living in the city of Ulan-Ude. Methods: in a non-randomized, single-center, transverse (one-stage) uncontrolled comparative study, the concentration of 25(OH) vitamin D – 25(OH)D – in the blood serum of children and adolescents in Ulan-Ude was studied from May 22 to May 24, 2020. Moderate vitamin D deficiency (deficiency) was determined when the content of 25(OH)D was in the range of 20–30 ng/ml, the deficiency was within the limits, and the severe deficiency was <10 ng/ml. Results: assessment of vitamin D provision was carried out in 60 children aged 10 to 17 years (15 [11; 16] years), of which 19 boys, 41 girls. Children were divided into 2 groups depending on age: 10–11 years old (grade 5) (n=27) and 15–17 years old (grades 9–11) (n=33). Deficiency of vitamin D was found in 4 (15%), 11 (33%); deficit – in 19 (70%), 18 (55%); severe deficiency – in 2 (7%), 4 (12%), respectively. Along with low indicators of the provision of children and adolescents in the city of Ulan-Ude, an even lower provision of children and adolescents of Buryats was noted. The concentration of vitamin D in Buryat children and adolescents below normal (less than 30 ng/ml) was found in 35 (100%) children and adolescents, deficiency – in 8 (23%) children, vitamin D deficiency – in 21 (60%) children and severe deficiency – in 6 (17%). A statistically significant difference in the content of 25(OH)D between children and adolescents of Russian nationality and Buryats was revealed (p=0,0056). Evaluation of the diet showed that the frequency of consumption of fish as a source of vitamin D by children and adolescents is low. Conclusion: there is a high incidence of vitamin D deficiency and deficiency, which amounted to 97% in the examined children and adolescents living in the city of Ulan-Ude, more pronounced in Buryat children and adolescents, which requires organizational measures to replenish the vitamin D deficiency.
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Flores, Mario E., Marta Rivera-Pasquel, Andrys Valdez-Sánchez, Vanessa De la Cruz-Góngora, Alejandra Contreras-Manzano, Teresa Shamah-Levy, and Salvador Villalpando. "Vitamin D status in Mexican children 1 to 11 years of age: an update from the Ensanut 2018-19." Salud Pública de México 63, no. 3 May-Jun (May 3, 2021): 382–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.21149/12156.
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Objective. To evaluate vitamin D status and deficiency in Mexican children and related factors, with updated data from a representative national survey. Materials and methods. Data and serum samples of child participants were collected in the Ensanut 2018-19. The measurement 25-(OH)-D was obtained through chemiluminescence. Height and weight, as well as dietary information, were measured using a semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaire and sociodemographic information. Results. Data of 4 691 children aged 1-11 years were analyzed. Vitamin D deficiency (25-OH-D<50 nmol/L) was found in 27.3% of pre-school-age children and 17.2% of school-age children, and was positively associated with the body mass index (BMI). Main dietary sources were milk, eggs and dairy products, which in combination provided >70% of vitamin D intake. Conclusions. Vitamin D deficiency is important in Mexican children. Actions and programs to fight this deficiency are required.
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Azad, Chandrika, Vishal Guglani, Jasbinder Kaur, Roosy Aulakh, Sukhvinder Singh, and Sumiti Banga. "Vitamin D Status of Epileptic Children in India: A Prospective Cross-Sectional Study from a Tertiary Care Centre." Journal of Child Science 10, no. 01 (January 2020): e87-e92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0040-1715860.
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AbstractVitamin D deficiency is prevalent all over the world, especially in tropical countries. In epileptics, antiepileptic drugs (AED) and associated comorbidities further impact vitamin D status. The aim of this study is to estimate the prevalence of 25(OH) vitamin D deficiency in epileptic children and evaluate probable risk factors. A cross-sectional study of 200 children between 1 and 18 years of age on AED was undertaken in the pediatric neurology clinic of a tertiary care center of Northern India. In all children, serum 25(OH) vitamin D levels, calcium, phosphorus, and alkaline phosphatase were estimated. The deficiency levels of vitamin D were categorized as: deficiency <20 ng/mL, insufficiency 20 to 30 ng/mL, and sufficiency >30 ng/mL. The potential risk factors for hypovitaminosis D, including type of epilepsy, AED regimen (specific medications, polytherapy vs. monotherapy), cerebral palsy, ambulatory status, intellectual disability, body mass index, gender, and vegetarianism were examined. Among the 200 enrolled children (60% boys), 106/200 (53%) were vitamin D deficient. There was no significant relation of vitamin D levels with gender, type of epilepsy, neurological deficit, and type of AED. An inverse relationship of higher phenytoin doses during monotherapy associated with lower vitamin D levels in monotherapy was found, thereby suggesting adverse effect of high doses of phenytoin on vitamin D levels. VDD is common among epileptic children on AED therapy. Vitamin D deficiency is common prevalent among epileptic children on AED therapy, and its detection and treatment correction should be an integral part of epilepsy management.
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Plesner, Johanne Lind, Maria Dahl, Cilius Esmann Fonvig, Tenna Ruest Haarmark Nielsen, Julie Tonsgaard Kloppenborg, Oluf Pedersen, Torben Hansen, and Jens-Christian Holm. "Obesity is associated with vitamin D deficiency in Danish children and adolescents." Journal of Pediatric Endocrinology and Metabolism 31, no. 1 (January 26, 2018): 53–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/jpem-2017-0246.
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AbstractBackground:Sufficient serum concentrations of vitamin D are required to maintain bone health during growth. The aims of this study were to determine whether vitamin D deficiency is more prevalent among children and adolescents with obesity compared to their normal weight peers and to identify clinical and biochemical variables associated with vitamin D deficiency.Methods:One thousand four hundred and eighty-four children and adolescents with overweight/obesity and 2143 population-based controls were recruited from the Danish Childhood Obesity Biobank. Anthropometric variables and fasting concentrations of serum 25-hydroxy vitamin D (25-OH-D), plasma parathyroid hormone (PTH), calcium and phosphate were assessed at baseline. Vitamin D deficiency was defined as serum 25-OH-D concentrations <30 nmol/L. Linear and logistic regressions were used to identify variables associated with vitamin D deficiency.Results:A total of 16.5% of the children and adolescents with obesity (body mass index [BMI] standard deviation score [SDS]>2.33) exhibited vitamin D deficiency, with an odds ratio (OR) 3.41 (confidence interval [CI]: 2.27–5.71; p<0.0001) for being vitamin D deficient compared to their normal weight peers. BMI-SDS was independently and inversely associated with serum 25-OH-D concentrations. Other independent risk factors for vitamin D deficiency were being older than 14 years (OR: 2.39; CI: 1.28–4.48; p=0.006), more than 4 daily hours of screen time (OR: 4.56; CI: 2.59–8.05; p<0.0001) and blood sample assessment during winter-spring (OR: 6.44; CI: 4.47–9.26; p<0.0001).Conclusions:Vitamin D deficiency was common among Danish children and adolescents with obesity. The degree of obesity was independently associated with lower serum 25-OH-D concentrations.
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Zakharova, I. N., and Т. M. Tvorogova. "Correction of micronutrient deficiencies is one of the priority directions in the practical work of a pediatrician." Medical Council, no. 17 (November 24, 2019): 24–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.21518/2079-701x-2019-17-24-35.
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Micronutrients (vitamins, minerals, micronutrients) are essential for the normal functioning of the body. The problem of vitamin deficiency leads to the risk of alimentary-dependent diseases. The reasons of inadequate provision with vitamins and minerals are given: unbalanced irrational nutrition, the quality of the products themselves, the nutritional value of which is significantly reduced with the use of modern production technologies. It is noted that the biological availability, i.e. the degree of absorption of vitamins from different products, varies widely from 5 to 80% of their total content in the product. In order to concretize the diverse physiological role of micronutrients as an important component of various enzyme systems and metabolic catalysts, the authors summarize the literature reflecting the importance of vitamins of group B, ascorbic acid, retinol, vitamin D and their functional correlations, as well as the need for a balanced and harmonious approach to their dosing. The problem of negative influence of deficiency of microelements on the structural and functional condition of various organs and systems, on morbidity, linear growth, development of various skills and psycho-emotional sphere of the child is covered. Attention is paid to the danger of micronutrient deficiency, which often remains unrecognized for a long time, because its clinical manifestations are not specific and can be observed in various diseases. However, the excess of individual micronutrients also disrupts the physiological and biochemical processes in the body. The vitamin requirements of healthy infants correspond to the amount of vitamins consumed daily with the mother’s milk: From 4-6 months of age, the provision of vitamins to the child is significantly affected by the introduction of complementary foods, for children from 1.5 to 3 years of age, the daily dose of vitamins and minerals in the VMC should not exceed 50% of the daily physiological needs, and for children over 3 years of age should not exceed 100% of the daily physiological needs for vitamins A, D and micronutrients (selenium, zinc, iodine, copper, iron), and 200% for water-soluble vitamins. An example of balanced and complete composition of vitamin complexes Multi-Tabs is given.
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El-Sakka, Abeer, Cristina Penon, Adham Hegazy, Salwa Elbatrawy, Amr Gobashy, and Alvaro Moreira. "Evaluating Bone Health in Egyptian Children with Forearm Fractures: A Case Control Study." International Journal of Pediatrics 2016 (2016): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2016/7297092.
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Objective. To determine the likelihood of vitamin D deficiency and low bone mineral density in Egyptian children with forearm fractures.Methods. A case control study of 46 children aged 3 to 10 years with or without forearm fractures. Validated questionnaires were used to assess calcium and vitamin D intake as well as sun exposure. Serum calcium, phosphorus, alkaline phosphatase, and 25-hydroxy-vitamin D were collected. Bone mineral density was evaluated using dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry.Results. Compared to the Control group, calcium and vitamin D intake was lower in the Cases group (p=0.03). Cases had higher Body Mass Index than Controls,p=0.01. Children in the Cases group had lower mean serum calcium values8.3±1.4compared to9.3±1.1in Controls (p=0.01). Alkaline phosphatase was higher in Cases265±65.8than Controls226±54.6(p=0.03). Vitamin D and bone mineral density scores were significantly lower in the Cases group (p<0.05).Conclusion. Our data shows an increased rate of vitamin D deficiency and decreased bone mineral density in Egyptian children with forearm fractures.
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Song, Kyungchul, Gihong Park, Youngha Choi, Jun Suk Oh, Han Saem Choi, Junghwan Suh, Ahreum Kwon, Ho-Seong Kim, and Hyun Wook Chae. "Association of Vitamin D Status and Physical Activity with Lipid Profile in Korean Children and Adolescents: A Population-Based Study." Children 7, no. 11 (November 19, 2020): 241. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/children7110241.
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Dyslipidemia is one of the important influencing factors of cardiovascular health in the youth, and thus, assessment of its etiology is important. We aimed to investigate the association of dyslipidemia with vitamin D and physical activity in Korean children and adolescents. Data of 3183 subjects aged 12–18 years in the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey were analyzed. Participants were divided into subgroups according to sex, body mass index, 25-hydroxyvitamin D levels, and lipid profile. The mean 25-hydroxyvitamin D level was 16.15 ng/mL, which was below normal. In total, 79.3% of the subjects had vitamin D deficiency. Females had lower vitamin D levels and a higher incidence of dyslipidemia compared to males. Vitamin D deficiency was significantly associated with high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) levels. The low HDL-C group consisted of a higher proportion of subjects with vitamin D deficiency and low physical activity. This study suggests that vitamin D deficiency is prevalent in Korean children and adolescents. Vitamin D deficiency and low physical activity are related with low HDL-C levels. Maintaining sufficient vitamin D levels and physical activity may help prevent dyslipidemia.
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Puhach, М. М., V. P. Kolesnyk, O. V. Herasymova, and O. H. Mazur. "THE ROLE OF OBESIT Y IN THE DE VELOPMENT OF VITAMIN D DEFICIENCY RICKETS IN CHILDREN." Problems of Endocrine Pathology 76, no. 2 (June 10, 2021): 109–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.21856/j-pep.2021.2.15.
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Vitamin D deficiency rickets is one of the most common diseases among children of the first years of life in many countries around the world. It is very important to understand the aforementioned nosological unit as a metabolism disorder, and not just as a D-deficiency state. In modern conditions, the risk factors for vitamin D deficiency rickets have undergone further study. The results of the research indicate that obesity is one of the risk factors for vitamin D deficiency in children. Thus, vitamin D metabolism, deposition, bioavailability and its biological role are dependent on the size of adipose tissue. The pathogenetic interaction between obesity andМvitamin D deficiency is probably predetermined by several mechanisms. Firstly, in case of obesity, vitamin D,Мwhich is a fat-soluble substance, is distributed in a considerable amount of adipose tissue, which leads toa decrease in its concentration in the blood plasma. Secondly, with excessive body weight there is a limitation of vitamin D bioavailability, caused by vitamin D capture with adipocytes and depositing in adipose tissue.Thirdly, there is a genetic proof that the increase in BMI leads to a decrease in vitamin D levels in blood serum.Recent studies have shown that adipose tissue may be the direct target of vitamin D physiological actions.It has been proved that vitamin D can affect obesity through numerous mechanisms, including protein expression, oxidative stress, inflammation and cellular metabolism. Currently, recommendations for treatment and prevention of vitamin D deficiency can be found in international foreign guidebooks whose authors state that obese children need a higher dosage of vitamin D compared to those whose physical development is consistent with age. Understanding the influence of adipose mass on bone tissue during its growth and development is a very important aspect for further health and pharmacotherapy strategies to prevent bone disorders.
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Amiri, Mohamadreza. "Evaluation of Serum Vitamin D Levels in Foster's Children Care Center." Journal of Pediatric Health and Nutrition 1, no. 2 (January 5, 2019): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.14302/issn.2691-5014.jphn-18-2456.
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Vitamin D, the sunshine vitamin, is now recognized not only for its importance in promoting bone health in children and adults, but also for its other health benefits, including reducing the risk of chronic diseases such as autoimmune diseases, common cancer, and cardiovascular diseases. Ultraviolet radiation of the sun with wavelengths of 290-310 nm penetrates into the skin and converts 7-dehydrocholesterol to previtamin D3, which quickly transforms to vitamin D3. Vitamin D (D represents either D2 or D3) made in the skin or ingested through diet is biologically inert and requires two successive hydroxylations first in the liver on carbon 25 to form 25-hydroxyvitamin D 25(OH)D and then in the kidney for a hydroxylation on carbon 1 to form the biologically active form of vitamin D, 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D (1,25(OH)2D) 1, 2, 14, 19. The concentration of the produced 25-hydroxy vitamin D in blood circulation is 1,000 times more than 1,25-dihydroxy vitamin D 4, and it is regarded as a standard indicator of vitamin D status in humans 3. 25-hydroxy vitamin D half-life is about 2-3 weeks and it is regulated by calcium (Ca), phosphorus (P), and serum parathyroid hormone (PTH) to some extent. 25-hydroxy vitamin D content also reflects the amount of vitamin D produced in the skin after exposure to sunlight or received through food intake 5, 6. Guidelines for vitamin D insufficiency/deficiency defined by serum 25(OH)D concentrations have been published from many countries and regions all over the world 7, 8, 9, 10, 11. Vitamin D deficiency is a pandemic problem. According to global estimations, more than one billion people around the world suffer from vitamin D deficiency. Among Iranian population, the incidence of vitamin D deficiency varies from 2.5 to 98.5% based on geographic area 12, 13. Various factors may give rise to vitamin D deficiency, including skin pigments, low levels of vitamin D in diet (insufficient fish oil and egg yolk intake), malnutrition, genetic factors, exclusive breast feeding, vitamin D deficiency of mother during pregnancy, prematurity, chronic use of drugs (e.g., anticonvulsants, aluminum-containing anti-acids, rifampcin, isoniazid, antifungal drugs, antiviral drugs, and glucocorticoids), winter and obesity 1, 13. Cultural habits, the need for full body coverage during outdoor activities and the lack of sunlight programs are the risk factors for low vitamin D levels in women 15, 16, 17. Children enter foster care due to early childhood adverse experiences such as poor prenatal and infant health care, food insecurity, chronic stress, and the effects of abuse and neglect. As a result, they are at higher risk for poor physical, psychological, neuroendocrine and neurocognitive outcomes compared to others. Foster children are at risk for growth and nutritional deficiencies due to their poor nutritional environment prior to placement in foster care. Insufficient caloric intake results in growth deficiencies. Evidence showed that the risk of stunting and underweight is high in this population 18. The risk of developing hypovitaminosis D was significantly higher in children living in foster homes. One reason is that they are at higher risk of child abuse, emotional deprivation and physical neglect than children living with their families. Moreover, these children most likely do not spend much time outdoors and they lack adequate sun exposure. Another reason is that as children grow up in institutional care, they shift from a diet of vitamin D–fortified formula milk to cooked food, which may not be fortified with vitamin D 1. Iranian government has made some efforts to apply efficient interventions to reduce the prevalence of vitamin D deficiency, and the country’s healthcare system should be managed through accurate planning. Yet, in this country, studies on vitamin D deficiency in children living in foster homes are very limited, and given that timely diagnosis and treatment of this deficiency is vital, this research is conducted in Ali Asghar foster home in Mashhad, Iran.
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Niknamian, Sorush. "Determining the Predictive Power of Vitamin D Levels in Iron Deficiency Anemia." Britain International of Exact Sciences (BIoEx) Journal 1, no. 1 (August 20, 2019): 29–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.33258/bioex.v1i1.25.
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Background:Iron deficiency anemia is one of the most common hypochromic microcytic anemias and nutritional disorders in today’s world. Vitamin D is an important steroid hormone for the metabolism of serum calcium and phosphorus and plays a major role in the function of various body systems. Evidence suggests that vitamin D deficiency is associated with iron deficiency anemia. We aimed to compare the serum level of vitamin D between children with iron deficiency anemia and healthy ones. Methods: This case-control study was conducted on 60 patients with iron deficiency anemia and 60 healthy ones who did not suffer from iron deficiency anemia. Patients participated in the study voluntarily. Vitamin D levels were measured using HPLC and ferritin by RIA method. To estimate the predictive value of vitamin D levels in iron deficiency anemia, ROC curve analysis was used. Results: In this study, 120 children aged 6-144 months with mean age of 30.2±31.4 months were analyzed; 49.2% of them were boys and 50.8% were girls. Vitamin D levels varied from 4.8 to 63.2 ng/ml with a mean of 23.87±12.57 ng/ml in all patients (19.25±9.15 ng/ml in the case group and 28.48±13.84 ng/ml in the control group (P<0.001). In other words, patients with a vitamin D level <23.6 ng/ml should be investigated for iron deficiency anemia, and sufficient vitamin D had a protective effect on iron deficiency anemia and each unit increase in vitamin D decreased the chance of iron deficiency anemia by 7.8%. Conclusion: The prevalence of simultaneous iron deficiency anemia and vitamin D deficiency is very high in children and there is a significant relationship between serum levels of 25(OH)D and hemoglobin.
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Муханқызы, Г., Т. А. Алимова, Б. Б. Таубаева, and Г. А. Байжанова. "THE ROLE OF PROVIDING CHILDREN WITH VITAMINS AND MINERALS FROM THE POINT OF VIEW OF THE PEDIATRICIAN." Vestnik, no. 1 (June 17, 2021): 86–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.53065/kaznmu.2021.39.60.020.
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Известно, что в детском возрасте происходят интенсивный рост и напряженные обменные процессы, что и определяет высокую потребность организма ребенка как в витаминах, так и в минеральных веществах. Несмотря на отсутствие дефицита свежих овощей и фруктов, у 80-90% населения Казакстана обнаруживается дефицит витамина С, у 40-60% - снижены уровни витаминов А, В, В, у 30-40% детей наблюдается дефицит железа и кальция, у 70-80% - дефицит йода. Многочисленные исследования, проводимые в различных регионах совместно с Институтом питания, показали, что за последние годы обеспеченность витаминами населения Казакстана существенно ухудшилась. Также отмечено, что у Казахстанских детей дефицит витаминов имеет характер полигиповитаминоза и является круглогодичным, т. е. без улучшения в летние месяцы. Нарушая обмен веществ, дефицит витаминов способствует снижению иммунитета, отрицательно сказывается на физическом и психическом развитии ребенка, повышает частоту и усугубляет тяжесть хронических заболеваний. It is known that in childhood there is intense growth and intense metabolic processes, which determines the high need of the child's body for both vitamins and minerals. Despite the absence of a shortage of fresh vegetables and fruits, 80-90% of the population of Kazakstan is found to be deficient in vitamin C, 40-60% - reduced levels of vitamins A, B1, B2, 30-40% of children are deficient in iron and calcium, 70-80% - iodine deficiency. Numerous studies conducted in various regions together with the Institute of Nutrition have shown that in recent years, the vitamin supply of the population of Kazakstan has significantly deteriorated. It is also noted that in Kazakstan children, vitamin deficiency has the character of polyhypovitaminosis and is year-round, i.e. without improvement in the summer months. By disrupting the metabolism, vitamin deficiency contributes to a decrease in immunity, negatively affects the physical and mental development of the child, increases the frequency and exacerbates the severity of chronic diseases [1-7].
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Kensarah, Osama A., Abdelelah S. Jazar, and Firas S. Azzeh. "Hypovitaminosis D in Healthy Toddlers and Preschool Children from Western Saudi Arabia." International Journal for Vitamin and Nutrition Research 85, no. 1-2 (December 2015): 50–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1024/0300-9831/a000223.
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Abstract. Background: Vitamin D deficiency is common in Saudi Arabia. No sufficient data are available on the vitamin D status of preschool children. Aims: To investigate the vitamin D status among toddlers and preschool children and to evaluate the factors associated with hypovitaminosis D in Western Saudi Arabia. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted on 503 preschool children in Makkah. The children were divided into two age categories: 1 - 3 years (toddlers) and 3 - 6 years (preschool). Sociodemographic factors, life-style factors, eating habits, body mass index (BMI), 25-(OH)-vitamin D3, parathyroid hormone, calcium, phosphorous, and alkaline phosphatase concentrations were determined. Results: Sixty-three % of children had a vitamin D deficiency. Vitamin D in toddlers was significantly higher than in preschool children. Vitamin D levels were negatively correlated with BMI (r = - 0.419, P < 0.001), and duration of breast feeding (r = - 0.270, P = 0.027), but a significant positive correlation with vitamin D intake (r = 0.335, P = 0.021), calcium intake (r = 0.25, P = 0.029), duration of formula feeding (r = 0.354, P = 0.019), and outdoor physical activity (r = 0.381, P = 0.011) was found. Multivariable predictors of hypovitaminosis D were preschool age (OR = 11, [95 % CI: 2.78 - 43.57], P < 0.001), outdoor physical inactivity (OR = 2.44, [95 % CI: 0.93 - 14.12], P < 0.001), obesity (OR = 2.3, [95 % CI: 1.25 - 7.08], P = 0.008), overweight (OR = 2.16, [95 % CI: 1.18 - 6.01], P = 0.039), inadequate vitamin D intake (OR = 1.65, [95 % CI: 1.12 - 2.53], P = 0.012), exclusive formula feeding (OR = 0.53, [95 % CI: 0.41 - 0.72], P < 0.001), and breast and formula feeding (OR = 0.62 [95 % CI: 0.39 - 0.88], P = 0.002). Conclusion: Hypovitaminosis D is a public health concern, especially in preschool children. Possible determinants of low vitamin D status in preschool children in the Makkah region could be related to age, high BMI, inadequate vitamin D intake, exclusive breastfeeding, and outdoor physical inactivity.
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Milagres, Luana Cupertino, Naruna Pereira Rocha, Mariana de Santis Filgueiras, Fernanda Martins de Albuquerque, Ana Paula Pereira Castro, Milene Cristine Pessoa, Maria do Carmo Gouveia Peluzio, and Juliana Farias de Novaes. "Vitamin D insufficiency/deficiency is associated with insulin resistance in Brazilian children, regardless of body fat distribution." Public Health Nutrition 20, no. 16 (August 22, 2017): 2878–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s136898001700194x.
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AbstractObjectiveTo assess the prevalence of vitamin D insufficiency and deficiency and its association with cardiometabolic risk factors, controlled by adiposity, in a representative sample of prepubescent children.DesignCross-sectional population-based study. Body composition was evaluated by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry. Anthropometric measures and blood pressure were performed. Laboratory analyses were performed to determine the levels of vitamin D (25-hydroxyitamin D; 25(OH)D), glucose, insulin, serum lipids and intact parathyroid hormone. Dietary intake was assessed by three 24 h recalls.SettingViçosa, Minas Gerais, Brazil, 2015.SubjectsRepresentative sample of 378 children aged 8 and 9 years from urban schools.ResultsInadequate serum concentrations of 25(OH)D were diagnosed in more than half of the children and none of them met the recommended vitamin D intake. After adjusting for confounding factors in the multiple regression analysis, lower prevalence of insulin resistance and hypertriacylglycerolaemia was found in children with serum 25(OH)D levels ≥75 nmol/l (prevalence ratio=0·25; 95 % CI 0·08, 0·85) and ≥50 nmol/l (prevalence ratio=0·61; 95 % CI 0·37, 0·99), respectively. However, after adjusting for different indicators of adiposity, insulin resistance remained independently associated and the association with hypertriacylglycerolaemia was lost after adjusting for central adiposity. The prevalence of vitamin D insufficiency/deficiency was associated with the number of cardiometabolic alterations in children.ConclusionsThe study results showed that prevalence of vitamin D insufficiency/deficiency was high among the children and insulin resistance was the main cardiometabolic alteration associated with this condition, even in a tropical climate country such as Brazil.
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Lee, Ji Yeon, Tsz-Yin So, and Jennifer Thackray. "A Review on Vitamin D Deficiency Treatment in Pediatric Patients." Journal of Pediatric Pharmacology and Therapeutics 18, no. 4 (December 1, 2013): 277–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.5863/1551-6776-18.4.277.
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Vitamin D is essential for calcium absorption and for maintaining bone health in the pediatric population. Vitamin D deficiency may develop from nutritional deficiencies, malabsorption, enzyme-inducing medications, and many other etiologies. It may present as hypocalcemia before bone demineralization at periods of increased growth velocity (infancy and adolescence) because the increased calcium demand of the body cannot be met. In children, inadequate concentrations of vitamin D may cause rickets and/or symptomatic hypocalcemia, such as seizures or tetany. In this review, we will discuss the pharmacology behind vitamin D supplementation, laboratory assessments of vitamin D status, current literature concerning vitamin D supplementation, and various supplementation options for the treatment of vitamin D deficiency in the pediatric population.
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Shulhai, A.-M. A., and H. A. Pavlyshyn. "FEATURES OF LIPID METABOLISM IN OVERWEIGHT AND OBESE ADOLESCENTS DEPENDING ON THE VARIOUS LEVELS OF VITAMIN D." Здобутки клінічної і експериментальної медицини, no. 2 (August 20, 2019): 37–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.11603/1811-2471.2019.v0.i2.10367.
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Vitamin D deficiency and overweight have now become an important global problem in the field of health care as well as public health. A substantial hypovitaminosis D in children with obesity is often accompanied by metabolic disorders.
The aim of the study was to determine the relationship between the levels of vitamin D and lipid metabolism markers in adolescents with overweight and obesity.
Material and methods. 139 adolescents were examined (63 (45.4 %) girls and 76 (54.7 %) boys). Depending on the body mass index (BMI) 65 children were overweight and 74 were obese children. The mean age of teenagers was (15,4±2,3) years. To establish vitamin D status using the immune-enzyme method, blood serum levels of 25(OH)D were determined. Lipid metabolism markers were determined using the Roche Diagnostics Cholesterol reagent kit using and automatic Cobas c111 analyzer.
Results. The study established a direct relationship between the level of vitamin D and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol and indirect with total cholesterol, triglycerides, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, atherogenic index, body mass index and waist circumference. Using a simple linear regression analysis, it was determined that total cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol and atherogenic index have the greatest correlation with vitamin D.
Conclusions: Vitamin D deficiency in overweight and obese adolescents is associated with an increase in the body mass index, blood pressure, and atherogenic dyslipidemia.
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Wang, Chaoxun. "Role of Vitamin D in Cardiometabolic Diseases." Journal of Diabetes Research 2013 (2013): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2013/243934.
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Vitamin D deficiency is a highly prevalent condition. Low vitamin D levels have long been associated with bone diseases, such as rickets in children and osteomalacia and osteoporosis in adults. However, it has become apparent in recent years that adequate vitamin D levels are also important for optimal functioning of many organs and tissues throughout the body, including the cardiovascular system. Evolving data indicate that vitamin D deficiency is associated with an increased risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD). Studies have shown that low vitamin D levels are associated with hypertension, diabetes, metabolic syndrome, left ventricular hypertrophy, and chronic vascular inflammation, all of which are risk factors for CVD. This paper reviews the definition and pathophysiology of vitamin D deficiency, clinical evidence linking vitamin D and CVD risk, diabetes and its complications, and metabolic syndrome.
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Cui, Panpan, Lei Ge, and Jiansheng Li. "Study on the Improvement of Behavioral and Cognitive Dysfunction of Children with OSAHS by Vitamin D." BioMed Research International 2021 (May 7, 2021): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/5536689.
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Objective. This study is aimed at exploring the role of vitamin D in the treatment of children with OSAHS by comparing the clinical symptoms, serum indicators, and behavioral changes of vitamin D intervention. Method. Healthy children who were examined physically in Rizhao People’s Hospital were selected as the control group, and their sex, age, triglyceride, total cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein, low-density lipoprotein, serum 25-OHD levels, and Conners’ parental scale were measured. In addition, children diagnosed as OSAHS in the otolaryngology department of Rizhao People’s Hospital were selected as experimental subjects. Their body mass index, triglycerides, total cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein, low-density lipoprotein, serum 25-OHD levels, sleep apnea hypopnea index, minimum oxygen saturation, and Conners’ parental scale were measured. The experimental subjects were treated with Rocaltrol intervention therapy (0.25 g/QD) for 4 weeks and reanalyzing their triglycerides, total cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein, low-density lipoprotein, serum 25-OHD levels, sleep apnea hypopnea index, minimum oxygen saturation, and Conners’ parental scale. Result. OSAHS children commonly have the situation of obesity, dyslipidemia, and vitamin D deficiency. Behavioral and cognitive dysfunction is common in OSAHS children. There were no significant changes in body mass index, triglycerides, total cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein, low-density lipoprotein, sleep apnea, hypopnea index, and minimum oxygen saturation for OSAHS children after vitamin D treatment, but the serum 25-OHD level is significantly improved, and children with conduct problems, learning problems, and hyperactivity index decrease. Conclusion. (1) OSAHS children commonly have the situation of obesity, dyslipidemia, vitamin D deficiency, and behavioral and cognitive impairment. (2) Vitamin D supplementation has no therapeutic effect on obesity and dyslipidemia of OSAHS children, but has obvious protective and improving effects on neuron damage caused by hypoxia. Obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAHS) is a common disease. Patients with OSAHS usually have many clinical features, such as obesity, metabolic syndrome, and cardiovascular disease. The decline of cognitive function and learning ability is one of the serious complications of OSAHS patients [1]. Vitamin D (VitD) deficiency is associated with many diseases. Recent studies have shown that the serum 25-OHD level of OSAHS patients is relatively insufficient and related to the disease severity. However, there are few reports on explaining whether vitamin D supplementation can alleviate the clinical symptoms and improve serum indicators and behavioral and cognitive dysfunction in children with OSAHS.
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Haleem, Azad A. "Serum Vitamin D Level in Children with Type 1 diabetes mellitus in Duhok city, Iraq." Science Journal of University of Zakho 7, no. 1 (March 30, 2019): 10–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.25271/sjuoz.2019.7.1.536.
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Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus is an autoimmune disorder that occurs in the Β-cells of pancreatic islets. Vitamin D is essential in maintaining the bone health. It has proven that Vitamin D has an autoimmune disorders including T1DM. Hence, the aim is to detect the prevalence of vitamin D deficiency among children with T1DM. A case control study conducted in Duhok, North of Iraq between 15th of February and 15th of August 2016. 100 enrolled participants aged from 5 to 15 years of both genders were divided in to two groups. Fifty of them had T1DM and 50 children who were healthy and non-diabetic. All participants were studied in terms of age, gender, duration of diabetes, glycemic control (HbA1c) and Body Mass index .Samples of blood were taken to measure serum Vitamin D and HbA1c levels. Mean serum Vitamin D level in diabetic group was 6.068 ±2.45 ng/mL while in the control group it was 21.101 ±9.23 ng/mL. Vitamin D were lower in the diabetic patients than controls (P= 0.01). Vitamin D level was indirectly correlated with duration of diabetes (P=0.01).Level of Vitamin D was decreased with increasing HbA1C (P=0.01). Level of Vitamin D was not significantly related to body mass index. Vitamin D level is not significantly related to body mass index.
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Chen, Ke, Hu Mina Xie, Weizheng Tian, Xiaoling Zheng, and Alice C. Jiang. "Effect of single-dose albendazole and vitamin A supplementation on the iron status of pre-school children in Sichuan, China." British Journal of Nutrition 115, no. 8 (February 23, 2016): 1415–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0007114516000350.
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AbstractThe aim of this study was to explore the effect of single-dose albendazole and vitamin A intervention on the anaemic status and Fe metabolism of pre-school children. This study was a randomised, placebo-controlled and double-blinded intervention trial. All eligible anaemic pre-school children were randomly divided into three groups: group 1 received no intervention, which served as the control group, group 2 received 400 mg single-dose albendazole administration and group 3 received a 60000 μg vitamin A capsule combined with 400 mg single-dose albendazole at the beginning of the study. The follow-up period was for 6 months. Anthropometry and biochemical index about Fe metabolism were measured before and after intervention. A total of 209 pre-school anaemic children were randomly divided into three intervention groups (sixty-four, sixty-two and sixty for groups 1, 2 and 3, respectively). The mean age of the children in the study was 4·4 (sd 0·7) years and 50·5 % of the children were female (94/186). After a follow-up period of 6 months, the levels of serum retinol, ferritin, transferrin receptor-ferritin index and body total Fe content of children in group 3 were significantly higher compared with children in groups 1 and 2 (P<0·05). Moreover, the proportion of vitamin A deficiency, marginal vitamin A deficiency and Fe deficiency among children in group 3 were markedly lower compared with children in groups 1 and 2 (P<0·05). Albendazole plus vitamin A administration showed more efficacy on the improvement of serum retinol and Fe metabolic status.
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Matasar, I. T., L. M. Petryschenko, and O. H. Lutsenko. "Fat-soluble vitamins: physiological value and role in life of population in environmentally dangerous regions of Ukraine." One Health and Nutrition Problems of Ukraine 51, no. 2 (August 2, 2019): 60–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.33273/2663-9726-2019-51-2-60-77.
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ABSTRACT. The article addresses the value of fat-soluble vitamins as a mean of increasing body radiation resistance under unfavourable environmental conditions resulting from the Chernobyl NPP accident. The radioprotective role of essential organic compounds with high biological activity that contribute to the functioning of the body under complicated environmental conditions. Insufficient dietary intake of vitamins increases the radiosensitivity of the human body. Data are given on the actual dietary intake of vitamins by different age groups (employable adults, children, pregnant women from different settlements in the District of Ivankiv of the Region of Kyiv for 2004–2018) living at the territories contaminated as the result of Chernobyl NPP accident. Analysis of literature and own data indicate that fat-soluble vitamins are essential food components that regulate biochemical and physiological processes in the human body due to the activation of metabolic and enzymatic reactions, have radioprotective properties and should enter the body in sufficient amounts in accordance with age and gender. This is especially true of the population affected because of the Chernobyl NPP accident. Study results have shown that retinol and calciferol deficiency in the body of the population living in the regions affected as a result of Chernobyl NPP accident, is due to changes in the conventional structure of diets and consumption of counterfeit products, first of all, butter and hard cheese. Despite the fact that average daily diet contains a wider range of products compared with the first post-accident years, level of fat-soluble vitamins, in particular vitamin A (even considering b-carotene) and vitamin D does not meet the physiological needs, which may cause dysmetabolic processes in various organs and systems and lead to an increase in alimentary and alimentary-dependent diseases. Key Words: fat-soluble vitamins, physiological role of vitamins, vitamin deficiency, sources of vitamins, recommended daily intake, population of environmentally dangerous regions, Chernobyl NPP accident.
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Pogozheva, Alla Pogozheva, and Vera Mitrofanovna Kodentsova. "Risk groups for multiple vitamin and mineral deficiencies in the population." Clinical nutrition and metabolism 1, no. 3 (September 15, 2020): 137–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.17816/clinutr48744.
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Lack of several vitamins, calcium, magnesium, zinc, iodine and other minerals in the diet now is typical for the majority of the adult and childrens population of Russia, regardless of where they live, throughout the year. In addition, population groups that are additionally at risk of developing micronutrient deficiencies exist. Children 23 years old when switching to food from a common table, early puberty, pregnant and lactating women, persons with food intolerances and allergies, persons on elimination diets (vegetarians, vegans, etc.), or enriching the diet with dietary fiber, obese persons (reduced by caloric content of the diet), persons with gastrointestinal diseases (sparing diets, persons receiving drug therapy, persons with increased physical and psycho-emotional stress, the elderly, persons observing long-term religious fasts, athletes controlling body weight are among them. The role of each micronutrient depends on the sufficiency of the body with other micronutrients involved in the metabolism or necessary for the realization of the final function in the body. A recognized and scientifically grounded way to improve micronutrient status is the enrichment of the diet with vitamins and minerals. In the absence of mandatory fortification of mass-market foods the use of vitamin and mineral supplements is a great idea. The selection criterion is a complete set of vitamins and microelements, the deficiency of which is characteristic for a particular group of the population, and in doses close to the physiological needs of the body.
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Hunter, Lindsay, Richard Ferguson, and Helen McDevitt. "Vitamin D deficiency cardiomyopathy in Scotland: a retrospective review of the last decade." Archives of Disease in Childhood 105, no. 9 (March 2, 2020): 853–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/archdischild-2019-317794.
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ObjectiveTo determine the incidence, demography and prognosis of vitamin D deficiency dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM) in Scotland over the last decade.Study designA retrospective review of cases of vitamin D deficiency DCM presenting to a national paediatric cardiac centre between 1 January 2008 and 1 January 2018. The departmental database and electronic and paper case notes were used to identify patients and extract data.ResultsSix patients were identified (three male), three of whom were Caucasian. Median age at presentation was 206 days (range 2–268.) All six patients had high serum parathyroid hormone levels (median 45 pmol/L, range 27–120 pmol/L), a sensitive marker of total body calcium deprivation secondary to vitamin D deficiency. All patients demonstrated clinical and echocardiographic improvement following high dose vitamin D treatment. No patients required cardiac transplant, and only one patient required extracorporeal life support as a bridge to recovery. After an initial improvement, one child died at 5 months as a result of respiratory infection. Three patients lived within some of the most deprived areas in Scotland.ConclusionsThis case series demonstrates a previously unreported demographic in Scotland, as 50% of cases presented in Caucasian children. Although vitamin D deficiency DCM is relatively rare, it is wholly preventable. Our study confirms that vitamin D deficiency cardiomyopathy is reversible with prompt identification and supplementation. The current implementation of public health policy in the UK is failing to prevent children from developing the most severe manifestation of vitamin D deficiency.
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PELAJO, CHRISTINA F., JORGE M. LOPEZ-BENITEZ, and LAURIE C. MILLER. "25-Hydroxyvitamin D Levels and Vitamin D Deficiency in Children with Rheumatologic Disorders and Controls." Journal of Rheumatology 38, no. 9 (July 15, 2011): 2000–2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.3899/jrheum.110123.
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Objective.To evaluate the prevalence of vitamin D deficiency, as well as factors associated with serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] levels, in children attending a pediatric rheumatology clinic, and to determine whether there was a difference in serum 25(OH)D levels and in vitamin D deficiency between children with autoimmune disorders and nonautoimmune conditions.Methods.Cross-sectional analysis of serum 25(OH)D levels of patients between the ages of 2 and 19 years, seen between November 2008 and October 2009.Results.A total of 254 patients were studied (169 autoimmune disorders, 85 nonautoimmune conditions). The mean age of study patients was 12.3 years; 67% were female and 80% were white. In the autoimmune disorders group, 23% had vitamin D deficiency [serum 25(OH)D < 20 ng/ml], and in the nonautoimmune conditions group 14% were vitamin D deficient. The average level of serum 25(OH)D was 28.6 (± 11) ng/ml (range 2 to 59). Age, ethnicity, body mass index, use of supplements, and season were significantly associated with serum levels of 25(OH)D (all p ≤ 0.02). The OR of patients with autoimmune disorders being vitamin D deficient was 2.3, in relation to patients with nonautoimmune conditions (p = 0.04).Conclusion.Twenty percent of patients attending a pediatric rheumatology clinic were vitamin D deficient. Patients with autoimmune disorders were more likely to be vitamin D deficient than patients with nonautoimmune conditions. Screening of serum 25(OH)D levels should be performed for patients with autoimmune disorders.
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Kim, Mi Ra, and Su Jin Jeong. "Relationship between Vitamin D Level and Lipid Profile in Non-Obese Children." Metabolites 9, no. 7 (June 30, 2019): 125. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/metabo9070125.
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Vitamin D deficiency is associated with not only cardiovascular disease itself but also cardiovascular risk factors, including obesity, hypertension, diabetes, hyperglycemia, and dyslipidemia. This study aimed to investigate the relationship between vitamin D level and lipid profile in non-obese children. A total of 243 non-obese healthy volunteers, aged 9–18 years, were enrolled from March to May 2017. Their height and weight were measured, and body mass index was calculated. Subjects underwent blood tests, including measurements of vitamin D (25(OH)D) level and lipid panels, and were divided into either the vitamin D-deficient group (<20 ng/mL) or normal group. The student’s t-test and a simple linear regression analysis were used to estimate the association between vitamin D level and lipid profile. Overall, 69.5% of non-obese children (n = 169) had a 25(OH)D level of less than 20 ng/mL. The vitamin D-deficient group showed higher triglyceride (TG) level and TG/high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) ratio than the normal group (TG level: 90.27 vs. 74.74 mmol/L, p = 0.003; TG/HDL-C ratio: 1.753 vs. 1.358, p = 0.003). Vitamin D level seems to affect the lipid profile, even in non-obese children, and a low vitamin D level may progress to dyslipidemia or obesity in non-obese children.
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Altunoluk, Bülent, Mehmet Davutoglu, Mesut Garipardic, and Vedat Bakan. "Decreased Vitamin B12 Levels in Children with Nocturnal Enuresis." ISRN Urology 2012 (January 26, 2012): 1–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.5402/2012/789706.
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Objectives. Nocturnal enuresis is a common pediatric problem, the etiology of which is unclear. In the present study, vitamin B12 and folate levels were measured in children with nocturnal enuresis and compared with those in healthy control group children to investigate whether there was any relation with enuresis and neurogenic maturation as a first time in the literature. Methods. In this cross-sectional study, we included thirty children (16 girls, 14 boys) who had presented with primary nocturnal enuresis (PNE) complaints in the study group and 31 children (13 girls, 18 boys) in the control group. Body weight and height measurements were obtained and complete blood counts and vitamin B12 and folate levels were measured in all children. Results. No difference was found in age, height, and weight between study and control groups. Also the mean levels of the hemoglobin, hematocrit, and mean corpuscular volume (MCV) were not different between the two groups. Significantly lower mean vitamin B12 and folate levels were found in the enuresis group compared with the control group. Conclusions. Further studies are needed to clarify B12 and folate deficiency in larger series so that these tests can be included in routine investigations of enuretic children.
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Zadka, Katarzyna, Ewelina Pałkowska-Goździk, and Danuta Rosołowska-Huszcz. "The State of Knowledge about Nutrition Sources of Vitamin D, Its Role in the Human Body, and Necessity of Supplementation among Parents in Central Poland." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 15, no. 7 (July 14, 2018): 1489. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph15071489.
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The percentage of children with vitamin D deficiency in Poland is alarming. The aim of the study was to assess the knowledge about sources of food and the function of vitamin D, as well as the frequency of its supplementation. A survey was conducted among the parents of children from Central Poland attending primary schools, and a questionnaire containing mainly open-ended questions was used to collect the data. Most mothers knew at least one of the functions of vitamin D in the body but had a low level of knowledge about its dietary sources. Only a small group of respondents supplemented themselves and their children with vitamin D. Statistically significant influences on the level of knowledge about the functions and sources of vitamin D were place of residence (i.e., better knowledge in the countryside) and mothers’ level of education (i.e., the better educated, the greater knowledge). In the case of monthly income level, such impact was observed only in relation to the knowledge of vitamin D functions. Concerning the frequency of supplementation, only maternal level of education had a statistically significant effect (i.e., the higher the education level, the higher the frequency of supplementation). In addition, mothers who were aware of functions of vitamin D and nutritional sources, significantly more frequently supplemented vitamin D.
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Achadi, Endang, Siti Arifah, Siti Muslimatun, Trisari Anggondowati, and Asih Setiarini. "Efektivitas Program Fortifikasi Minyak Goreng dengan Vitamin A terhadap Status Gizi Anak Sekolah di Kota Makasar." Kesmas: National Public Health Journal 4, no. 6 (June 1, 2010): 255. http://dx.doi.org/10.21109/kesmas.v4i6.164.
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Di Indonesia, kekurangan Vitamin A masih menjadi masalah kesehatan masyarakat yang penting seperti terlihat pada balita penderita vitamin A defisiensi subklinis yang tinggi (50%). Hal tersebut akan berpengaruh terhadap berbagai fungsi tubuh yang antara lain meliputi sistem imun, penglihatan, sistem reproduksi dan diferensiasi sel. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui kontribusi konsumsi minyak yang diperkaya vitamin A dalam memperbaiki status vitamin A dan hemoglobin balita. Penelitian dengan disain studi intervensi Before-After ini dilaksanakan pada anak sehat berusia 7-10 tahun yang diberi obat cacing sebelum intervensi dilakukan. Pengukuran serum retinol dan hemoglobin dilakukan sebelum dan 3 bulan setelah intervensi . Minyak yang difortifikasi vitamin A telah disediakan di warung/ toko di sekitar tempat tinggal responden. Untuk meningkatkan demand, penelitian ini dilengkapi dengan pendekatan pemasaran sosial yang dilakukan pihak lain. Secara umum tidak terlihat perubahan status gizi, tetapi prevalensi anemia turun dari 21,8% menjadi 11,6%. Sementara, prevalens vitamin A defisiensi ditemukan lebih rendah pada anak yang mengkonsumsi ³12 minggu (26,6%) daripada yang mengkonsumsi < 12 minggu (42%) . Hasil tersebut dapat dijadikan pertimbangan untuk merekomendasikan agar minyak difortifikasi vitamin A.Kata kunci: Defisiensi vitamin A, anak sekolah, minyak fortifikasiAbstractVitamin A deficiency (VAD) remains as one of significant public health problems in Indonesia. Around 50% of under five children are suffering from subclinical VAD. Deficiency of vitamin A will affect several important role in the body, such as immune system, vision, reproductive system and cell differentiation. Therefore, guarding Indonesian children to be free from VAD is crucial for their quality as Human Resources. We assessed the impact of the consumption of vitamin A fortified cooking oil on the improvement of vitamin A and hemoglobin status among school children in urban slum area in Makassar City. The study was an intervention design Before-After. Healthy school children 7-10 years were selected from schools and de-wormed before the intervention. Serum retinol and hemoglobin was measured at baseline and at 3 months after. Fortified oil was made available through distribution at shops and accompanied with social marketing. Eventhough overall there was no change in VAD prevalence, the VAD prevalence is lower among children who consumedfortified oil ³12 weeks (26.6%) compared to those who consumed <12 weeks (42%). Prevalence of anemia decreased from 21.8% to 11.6%. We recommended that fortified oil is made mandatory.Key words: Vitamin A deficiency, school children, fortified oil
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Zakharova, I. N., E. A. Solov’yeva, T. M. Tvorogova, S. I. Lazareva, T. Yu Vil’ken, and N. G. Sugyan. "Factors affecting vitamin D status in Moscow adolescents." Medical Council, no. 17 (November 24, 2019): 50–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.21518/2079-701x-2019-17-50-57.
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Justification of the study. The normalization of vitamin D levels in both children and adults is the goal of numerous studies around the world, and the setting of a number of objectives related to this vector of preventive medicine, dictates the need for a more detailed study of regional features of the status of calcidiol and the identification of both risk factors and risk groups. Aim of the study: to analyze the impact of risk factors on the provision of vitamin D to adolescents in the Moscow region. Methods: 360 children over 11 years of age (average age was 14.74 ± 1.92 years) who attended a children’s polyclinic for preventive check-ups or are under observation in a day-care centre. After the examination, all schoolchildren were determined to have serum content of calcidiol – active metabolite of vitamin D. Results: the analysis revealed low vitamin D levels in children, with a median of 16.1 ng/ml. Normal vitamin D levels were found in only 6.7% of cases. The following risk factors for vitamin D deficiency were identified in Moscow schoolchildren: time of year (p < 0.001), inclusion of such foods as fish (p = 0.021) and liver (p = 0.036), gastrointestinal pathology (p < 0.001), endocrine system pathology (p < 0.001), musculoskeletal system pathology (p = 0.045): course of chronic inflammatory process (p = 0.01) in the body. The correlation between acute respiratory diseases and calcidiol supply was analyzed: at low frequency of acute respiratory infections during the year, the median level of vitamin D was 17.1 ng/ml (Q1-Q3: 12.6-22.1 ng/ml), at an average frequency – 11.4 ng/ml (Q1-Q3: 8.45-16.05 ng/ml), at high frequency – decreased to 7.94 ng/ml (Q1-Q3: 5.89-9.06 ng/ml). Conclusion: Vitamin D deficiency prophylaxis should be provided to children all year round, without a break for the summer months. If a child has a risk factor for vitamin D deficiency, the metabolite correction should be controlled by the calcidiol serum content.
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Kodentsova, V. M., and D. V. Risnik. "MICRONUTRIENT METABOLIC NETWORKS AND MULTIPLE MICRONUTRIENT DEFICIENCY: A RATIONALE FOR THE ADVANTAGES OF VITAMIN-MINERAL SUPPLEMENTS." Trace Elements in Medicine (Moscow) 21, no. 4 (2020): 3–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.19112/2413-6174-2020-21-4-3-20.
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ABSTRACT. The nutrition of adult and children population of Russia is characterized by multiple micronutrient deficiency due to the simultaneous insufficient content of vitamins, calcium, magnesium, zinc, iodine and other mineral elements in the diet. A lack of several micronutrients can occur as a result of the use of various diets, medication, the development of the pathological process, increased needы of organism at various physiological, stressful situations of different etiologies. Micronutrients (vitamins and essential minerals) participate in numerous biochemical pathways, perform certain functions in the body, are closely interconnected in complex metabolic networks to maintain homeostasis and overall health. Like mosaics, individual fragments of this comprehensive network of micronutrients are “assembled”, the centers of which are selenium, iodine, vitamin D, iron, and functionally related vitamins of group B. Simultaneous multiple micronutrient deficiency creates a “causality network” of diseases, while, optimal sufficiency creates a “network of conditions that prevent diseases”. The concept of the correct ratios of essential micronutrients in the diet, as well as the optimal ratios of vitamins in the blood between themselves and indicators of lipid metabolism, is developing and is being confirmed. The physiological requirements for micronutrients (vitamin D, C, potassium, magnesium), which provide not only essentiality, but also optimality to maintain the body's health and reduce the risk of diseases, have being revised upward. Recommended intake of vitamins B1, B2 and niacin are correlated with energy consumption. Given the existence of metabolic networks of micronutrients and the presence of multiple micronutrient deficiency among the population, the superiority of multicomponent vitamin-mineral supplements undoubtedly superior to the effectiveness of individual micronutrients
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Kumar, Santosh, Gaffar Memon, Bagwan Das, and Pushpa Mohan. "VIT D DEFICIENCY." Professional Medical Journal 23, no. 09 (September 10, 2016): 1064–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.29309/tpmj/2016.23.09.1697.
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Objectives: To determine the outcome of vitamin deficiency in local populationof (Hyderabad), come with complaints of vague symptoms of body ache, bony pain with noco morbidity. Study design: cross-sectional study. Place and duration of study: OutpatientDepartment of Liquat University Medical Science, Hyderabad. Period: 6-2-2013 to 6-2-2015.Methodology: This is observational cross sectional study conducted at out patient’s department(LUMHS) city Hyderabad from 6-2-13 to 6-2-2015. Preliminary data was collected with the helpof self-administered questionnaires which include patient’s history and examination and bloodsample is taken for assessing level of dehydrocholecalciferol with serum calcium and routinetest. Data entered in spss 20 version, analytical software were applied for results in this study.Result: This study is conducted in 300 pts, among these 60% female and 36.7% male and 3.3%missing. Patients selected through (OPD) with consent and preformed proforma. Vitamin ddeficiency found nearly 96%in all the patient from young age to old age 4% were missing, lessthan 10 level found in 24.7%(severe deficiency), 10-20 level seen 54.7%(moderate deficiency)and 20-30 found in 14.7% (mild deficiency). Conclusion: my results shows that ( vitaminD-deficiency) is big dilemma in our community, give rise mild, moderate and severe decreasedlevel which leads complication which causing rickets in children and osteomalcia in adults,increase mortality and morbidity in local population.
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Villalba-Heredia, Lorena, Cristina Comeras-Chueca, Alejandro González-Agüero, Daniel Domingo-del-Val, Pilar Calmarza, Germán Vicente-Rodríguez, José A. Casajús, and Ángel Matute-Llorente. "25-Hydroxyvitamin D and Cardiorespiratory Fitness in Prepubertal Overweight and Obese Children." Nutrients 13, no. 5 (May 11, 2021): 1597. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu13051597.
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Childhood obesity has become a major global health problem. Vitamin D deficiency and poor cardiorespiratory fitness are highly prevalent in children with overweight or obesity, but little is known about their relationships. In this study, we aimed to analyze the relationship between serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) and cardiorespiratory fitness parameters in prepubertal obese and overweight children. A cross-sectional design with a sample of 57 prepubertal children, aged 9–11 years, with overweight or obesity was used. The fasting concentration of 25(OH)D was analyzed with a chemiluminescent microparticle immunoassay. Fat and lean body masses were determined by using DXA. Maximal oxygen uptake (VO2max) was measured with the maximal treadmill test. A total of 68.4% of the sample had sufficient levels of 25(OH)D. As expected, their cardiorespiratory fitness was poor compared with that of normal-weight children, but 60% of the group exceeded the median obesity-specific reference values. No differences were found between the sexes for relative VO2max or 25(OH)D levels. Moreover, no correlations were found between 25(OH)D and body composition or cardiorespiratory parameters for sex or vitamin D groups. Vitamin D status seems not to be directly related to body composition or cardiorespiratory fitness in prepubertal overweight or obese children.
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Finkelstein, Julia L., Ronnie Guillet, Eva K. Pressman, Amy Fothergill, Heather M. Guetterman, Tera R. Kent, and Kimberly O. O’Brien. "Vitamin B12 Status in Pregnant Adolescents and Their Infants." Nutrients 11, no. 2 (February 13, 2019): 397. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu11020397.
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Vitamin B12 deficiency has been associated with increased risk of adverse pregnancy outcomes. Few prospective studies have investigated the burden or determinants of vitamin B12 deficiency early in life, particularly among pregnant adolescents and their children. The objectives of this study were to determine the prevalence of vitamin B12 deficiency and to examine associations between maternal and neonatal vitamin B12 status in a cohort study of healthy pregnant adolescents. Serum vitamin B12 and folate concentrations were measured in adolescents at mid-gestation (n = 124; 26.4 ± 3.5 weeks) and delivery (n = 131; 40.0 ± 1.3 weeks), and in neonates at birth using cord blood. Linear regression was used to examine associations between maternal and neonatal vitamin B12 status. Although the prevalence of vitamin B12 deficiency (<148.0 pmol/L; 1.6%) in adolescents was low during pregnancy, 22.6% of adolescents were vitamin B12 insufficient (<221.0 pmol/L; 22.6%) at mid-gestation. Maternal vitamin B12 concentrations significantly decreased from mid-gestation to delivery (p < 0.0001), and 53.4% had insufficient vitamin B12 status at delivery. Maternal vitamin B12 concentrations (p < 0.001) and vitamin B12 deficiency (p = 0.002) at delivery were significantly associated with infant vitamin B12 concentrations in multivariate analyses, adjusting for gestational age, maternal age, parity, smoking status, relationship status, prenatal supplement use, pre-pregnancy body mass index, race, and intake of vitamin B12 and folate. Maternal vitamin B12 concentrations significantly decreased during pregnancy and predicted neonatal vitamin B12 status in a cohort of healthy pregnant adolescents.
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Chauhan, Anil, Nishant Jaiswal, Manvi Singh, Kiran Kumar Thumburu, Shailender Singh Chauhan, Sunil Dhatwalia, Mananda S. Bhende, and Meenu Singh. "Vitamin D reduces Exacerbation in Children with Asthma: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis." Journal of Postgraduate Medicine, Education and Research 50, no. 2 (2016): 86–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.5005/jp-journals-10028-1198.
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ABSTRACT Aim The question whether treatment with vitamin D improves asthma exacerbations in children and adults still needs to be addressed. Background Recent studies in children and adults found a higher prevalence of hypovitaminosis D associated with a higher severity of asthma and impaired pulmonary function. In asthmatic children, patients with vitamin D deficiency demonstrated increased airway hyperresponsiveness and corticosteroid requirements. Results Of 469 records/studies identified through database searching, 5 studies were included in this systematic review. The overall pooled effect showed a significant reduction in acute asthma exacerbation in the vitamin D group (odds ratio 0.45, 95% confidence interval 0.22—0.93). There were no studies that focus on the quality of life. Conclusion This systematic review supports the role of vitamin D in reducing the number of asthma exacerbations in children but not in adults. Clinical significance The present systematic review demonstrates reduction in asthma exacerbations in children. Most of the asthma children are on inhaled corticosteroid, which poses a threat for its side effects. However, vitamin D having multiple functions in body could be used as an alternative therapy in asthmatic children. In adults, more trials are needed wherein the deficient individuals are supplemented with vitamin D and further assessed for asthma exacerbations. There is no harm in supplementation of vitamin D to deficient and insufficient asthmatic individuals. How to cite this article Chauhan A, Singh M, Jaiswal N, Thumburu KK, Agarwal A, Chauhan SS, Dhatwalia S, Bhende MS, Singh M. Vitamin D reduces Exacerbation in Children with Asthma: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis. J Postgrad Med Edu Res 2016;50(2):86-92.
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Chee, Winnie Siew Swee, Chung Yuan Chang, Kanimolli Arasu, Soon Yee Wong, Shu Hwa Ong, Wai Yew Yang, Megan Hueh Zan Chong, et al. "Vitamin D Status Is Associated with Modifiable Lifestyle Factors in Pre-Adolescent Children Living in Urban Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia." Nutrients 13, no. 7 (June 24, 2021): 2175. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu13072175.
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Studies on vitamin D status and its determinants in growing children in countries with ample sunshine such as Malaysia have been limited. The aim of our study was to determine factors associated with serum 25(OH)D concentrations such as lifestyle, dietary intake, anthropometry, and body composition in 243 pre-adolescent Malaysian children from low-income families living in Kuala Lumpur. This cross-sectional study measured bone density and body composition using dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA), while serum 25(OH)D was measured using LC–MS/MS. Time spent outdoors, body surface area exposed to sunlight, dietary intake, and physical activity level were assessed using questionnaires. Multiple linear regression and stepwise analysis were performed to identify significant predictors for serum 25(OH)D. About 69.4% had 25(OH)D < 50 nmol/L, and 18.9% were vitamin-D-deficient with 25(OH)D < 30 nmol/L. Girls had a nine-fold higher prevalence of vitamin D deficiency than boys. Body surface area exposed to sunlight, Sun Index, and fat mass were significant predictors of 25(OH)D concentrations in this population. Modifiable lifestyle factors such as sun exposure and reducing obesity are important public health guidance to ensure optimal vitamin D status in these children.
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Dubovaya, A. V., and Уи V. Naumenko. "EXPERIENCE AND PROSPECTS FOR ТНЕ USE OF COLLECALCIPHEROL IN ТНЕ COMPLEX TREATMENT OF ESSENTIAL ARTERIAL HYPERTENSION IN CHILDREN." Herald of physiotherapy and health resort therapy 26, no. 3 (2020): 63–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.37279/2413-0478-2020-26-3-63-67.
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The prevalence of arterial hypertension in children ranges from 1 to 25 %, depending on age and the selected criteria. Vitamin D can affect blood pressure (BP) through several mechanisms. The most important function of vitamin D is its role in the regulation of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system. The only metabolite of vitamin D that is used to determine its content in the human body is 25 (OH) D (calcidiol). The data on the effect of vitamin D on blood pressure in adolescents are contradictory, indicating a lack of knowledge of this issue. Objective: to evaluate the effectiveness of the use of an aqueous solution of vitamin D3 in the complex treatment of children with essential hypertension. Materials and methods. We examined 30 children (24 boys and 6 girls) aged 13 to 17 years with essential hypertension who had a deficiency of 25 (OH) D in blood serum, the treatment complex of which was supplemented with an aqueous solution of vitamin D3 at 1500 IU/day for 3 months. The control group consisted of 30 children (20 boys and 10 girls) with essential hypertension who received standard therapy. Results. In the main group, after 3 months of taking colecalciferol, a statistically significant normalization of vitamin D levels was documented in 15 (50.0 %) patients, an average of 33.26±1.2 ng/ml. Vitamin D deficiency persisted in 8 (26.6 %) children, vitamin D deficiency persisted in 7 (23.3 %) patients, which served as a basis for increasing the dose of colecalciferol to 2000 IU and continuing to take the drug for another 1 month with a reevaluation serum 25 (OH) D content. A study of the dynamics of blood pressure with the addition of complex treatment with colecalciferol showed that in 24 (80.0 %) children the level of blood pressure decreased, which was statistically significantly more often in comparison with the control group (53.3 %, p<0.05): systolic blood pressure decreased from 142.6±2.4 mm Hg up to 125±0.6 mm Hg (p<0.05), diastolic blood pressure – with 80.2±1.3 mm Hg up to 78.5±1.5 mm Hg. Normalization of blood pressure in the main group was detected after 31±4 days, while in the control group after 60±7 days (p<0.05). There were no adverse reactions during treatment. Conclusions: The positive effect of the drug is proved, which consists in restoring the normal content of 25 (OH) D in blood plasma and reducing systolic blood pressure.
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Zakharova, I. N., L. Ya Klimov, A. V. Yagupova, V. A. Kuryaninova, S. V. Dolbnya, A. N. Tsutsaeva, A. A. Dyatlova, N. E. Verisokina, A. A. Alkhimidi, and A. K. Minasyan. "IMPLEMENTATION OF THE NATIONAL PROGRAM FOR THE PREVENTION AND CORRECTION OF VITAMIN D DEFICIENCY IN CHILDREN: FIRST RESULTS IN THE EARLY AGE GROUP." Pediatria. Journal named after G.N. Speransky 100, no. 1 (February 15, 2021): 67–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.24110/0031-403x-2021-100-1-67-74.
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To date, the most discussed issue is the rational dosage and duration of cholecalciferol preparations course for the correction and prevention of hypovitaminosis D. Objective of the research: to compare the structure of provision and the median 25 (OH) D before (2013–2016) and during the introduction into clinical practice (2018–2019) of the National Program Vitamin D Deficiency in Children and Adolescents in the Russian Federation: Modern approaches to correction» in young children. Materials and methods: the study had two stages. The first stage took place as a part of the RODNICHOK2 study from 2013 to 2016 before the implementation of the National Program «Vitamin D Deficiency in Children and Adolescents in the Russian Federation: Modern Approaches to Correction». The second stage of the study took place in 2018–2019 during the implementation of the National Program in clinical practice. The study participants were 246 children aged from 1 month to 3 years who took cholecalciferol preparations. The assessment of calcidiol concentration in the blood serum was assessed by the method of chemiluminescence immunoassay (CLIA) using reagents Liaison® 25OH Vitamin D Total Assay on the Liaison Dia Sorin Pleutschland GmbH device in the centralized laboratory of Scientific Center EFIS Ltd, Moscow. Results: during the introduction into clinical practice of the National Program, the frequency of prescribing a dosage of 500 IU/day significantly decreased to 4,9% (χ2=80,4, p<0,001), 1000 IU/day – statistically significantly increased to 71% (χ2=53,5; p<0,001), and a dose of 1500 IU/day was taken by 24% of children, mainly in the second and third years of life. In children examined in 2013–2016, the median serum calcidiol was 29,1 [22,8; 39,5] ng/ml, statistically significantly lower than in 2018– 2019, – 51,3 [38,1; 61,5] ng/ml (p<0,001). Hypovitaminosis D in young children in southern Russia until 2018 was diagnosed in 54,9%, statistically significantly more often than during the implementation of the National Program – in 12.2% of children (χ2=24,3, p<0,001). The number of children with a calcidiol level of more than 30 ng/ml, on the contrary, statistically significantly increased from 45,1 to 87,8% (χ2=39,9, p<0,001). There was a statistically significant decrease in the number of children with vitamin D deficiency – only 10 (12,2%) cases, while earlier their number was 62 (37,8%) (χ2=17,3, p<0,001). Among children examined in 2018–2019, it was possible to completely eliminate severe deficiency (calcidiol level less than 10 ng/ml) and vitamin D deficiency (10–20 ng/ml), while previously it was revealed in 6 (3,7%) (χ2=220,8, p<0,001) and 22 (13,4%) children (χ2=167,9, p<0,001). In 2013–2016 the indicator of the recommended average daily dosage of vitamin D was 73,3 [51,6; 103,1] IU/kg per day, while in 2018–2019. During the implementation of the recommendations set out in the National Program – 125,0 [102,0; 148,7] IU/kg per day (p<0,0001). Conclusion: the study confirmed daily doses per kilogram of body weight in the range from 100 to 150 IU/kg, included in the main provisions of the recommendations for prophylactic intake of vitamin D preparations at an early age. The introduction of the recommendations on the prophylactic course of vitamin D supplementation described in the National Program «Vitamin D Deficiency in Children and Adolescents in the Russian Federation: Modern Approaches to Correction» into wide clinical practice allowed to achieve a significant increase in the number of children receiving additional vitamin D supplements. The recommended average daily dose in comparison with the period before the implementation of the National Program has increased statistically significantly.
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Lomova, N. A., T. E. Karapetyan, E. L. Dolgopolova, and E. T. Malbakhova. "Vitamin D deficiency: a modern approach to pathogenesis and therapy." Gynecology 20, no. 5 (October 15, 2018): 68–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.26442/2079-5696_2018.5.68-70.
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During pregnancy and breastfeeding, the needs of the woman's body increase. Food substances entering the body are used both for feeding the mother's body and for building the organs (structures) of the fetus and its life support. Deficit states contribute to the development of various obstetric complications, pathological course of pregnancy and childbirth, adversely affect the formation of the placenta, the transmission through it of micronutrients from mother to child, increase the risk of deficiency in the child, violations of early neonatal adaptation and the formation of abnormalities in the health of children at the stage of postnatal ontogenesis. Daily vitamin D supplementation throughout pregnancy has a preventive effect and may reduce the risk of preeclampsia, endothelial dysfunction, gestational diabetes, preterm birth, neonatal hypocalcemia.
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Shadrin, O. H., H. A. Haiduchyk, and M. H. Horianska. "Vitamin D Status in Young Children with Gastrointestinal Manifestations of Food Allergy." Modern pediatrics. Ukraine, no. 1(113) (February 19, 2021): 74–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.15574/sp.2021.113.74.
Full textAbstract:
Aim is to investigate vitamin D status in young children with gastrointestinal manifestations of food allergy. Materials and methods. 30 children aged 4 months to 3 years with enterocolitis syndrome induced by dietary proteins were examined. General clinical examination included assessment of physical and somatic status (body weight, height, sleep, appetite), condition of the skin and mucous membranes, skeletal system, internal organs, nature and frequency of bowel movements. To assess vitamin D status in children with gastrointestinal allergy, we used quantitative determination of the concentration of 25 (OH) D (25-hydroxycalciferol) in blood serum using the Architect 2000sr I «ABBOT» immunochemical assay (USA). Complex treatment of the underlying disease involved correction of vitamin D deficiency using the drug «Aquadetrim» containing aqueous solution of colecalciferol for oral administration at a dose of 2000 U/day for 1 month. The comparison group included 20 children aged 12–24 months with non$aggravated individual and family history of allergies, who had functional diseases of the gastrointestinal tract (functional constipation, functional diarrhea, flatulence syndrome) and did not take vitamin D preparations. The data of clinical and laboratory trials were processed by the methods of mathematical statistics adopted in biology and medicine. The reliability of differences in comparative indicators was determined using the Student's t-test and nominal data using Fisher's exact test. Results and conclusions. Based on the results of assessing the vitamin D status in young children with gastrointestinal food allergy by determining serum concentrations of 25-hydroxycalciferol, vitamin D deficiency was established in 86.7% of patients — with average of 26.39 (21.08–29.98) ng/ml. Administration of aqueous solution of colecalciferol (Aquadetrim) at a dose of 2000 IU per day for 1 month to children with gastrointestinal food allergy helped to normalize the concentration of 25-hydroxycalciferol in blood serum of 92.3% of children. Against the background of the use of the vitamin D preparation (Aquadetrim), there were no cases of deterioration of gastrointestinal and skin manifestations of the disease; «Akvadetrim» preparation was well tolerated, without side reactions. The research was carried out in accordance with the principles of the Helsinki Declaration. The study protocol was approved by the Local Ethics Committee of these Institutes. The informed consent of the patient was obtained for conducting the studies. No conflict of interest was declared by the authors. Key words: gastrointestinal manifestations of food allergy, young children, vitamin D.