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Kravtsova, E. I., I. I. Kutsenko, I. O. Borovikov, and S. K. Batmen. "Nutrition and nutritional support during pregnancy." Russian Journal of Woman and Child Health 3, no. 4 (2020): 233–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.32364/2618-8430-2020-3-4-233-241.
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Increased nutrient needs during pregnancy are accounted for by physiological changes in the maternal organism and requirements of the developing and growing baby. They are realized through a number of physiological adaptations in nutrient metabolism. Physiological pregnancy and adequate fetal development are impossible in deficient nutrients, vitamins, and microelements. Randomized clinical trials in pregnant women have demonstrated that nutrient deficiency in the maternal organism results in pregnancy complications and health problems in the newborn but also accounts for a wide range of chronic disorders among the offspring. Probiotics improve digestive health in pregnant women and affect epigenetic programming of human homeostasis that predisposes to dysbiosis, allergies, and lipid and carbohydrate metabolism disorders. Prevention of vitamin and probiotic deficiency during pre-pregnancy planning, pregnancy, and breastfeeding focuses on ensuring that vitamin intake from food meets the requirements for these nutrients. Complex vitamin supplements containing probiotics treat alimentary deficiency and contribute to the favorable course of pregnancy and fetal development. KEYWORDS: nutrition, woman’s health, pregnancy, vitamins, probiotics, nutrient deficiency. FOR CITATION: Kravtsova E.I., Kutsenko I.I., Borovikov I.O., Batmen S.K. Nutrition and nutritional support during pregnancy. Russian Journal of Woman and Child Health. 2020;3(4):233–240. DOI: 10.32364/2618-8430-2020-3-4-233-241.
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SUTTIE, J. W. "Vitamin K and human nutrition." Journal of the American Dietetic Association 92, no. 5 (May 1992): 585–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0002-8223(21)00681-7.
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Muller, D. P. R. "Vitamin E and Human Nutrition." Journal of Tropical Pediatrics 34, no. 3 (June 1, 1988): 100. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/tropej/34.3.100.
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Muller, D. P. R. "Vitamin E and Human Nutrition." Journal of Tropical Pediatrics 34, no. 3 (June 1, 1988): 98–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/tropej/34.3.98.
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Azzini, Elena, Tiziano Furini, Angela Polito, Luca Scalfi, Alessandro Pinto, Valeria Gasperi, and Isabella Savini. "Vitamin Nutritional Status in Patients with Pancreatic Cancer: A Narrative Review." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 25, no. 9 (April 27, 2024): 4773. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms25094773.
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Due to the high mortality rate in Western countries, pancreatic cancer is considered one of the big killers, leaving patients and their families with little hope upon diagnosis. Although surgical and drug therapies are critical for cancer patients to improve life expectancy and alleviation of suffering, nutrition plays a key role in improving cancer treatment outcomes. This narrative review, conducted as part of the activities of the Italian Society of Human Nutrition (SINU) working group in oncology, focuses on the prevalence of vitamin malnutrition among pancreatic cancer patients. The results of the literature search show that pancreatic cancer patients are at a heightened risk of water-soluble vitamin deficiencies, particularly of vitamins B1, B3, and B6. Additionally, they also face an increased risk of deficiency of fat-soluble vitamins. Among these vitamins, the potential role of vitamin D in pancreatic cancer has garnered the most attention, with its plasma levels being identified as a significant factor in patient survival. Investigating vitamin nutritional status could provide valuable insights for incorporating nutritional approaches into the prevention and treatment of pancreatic cancer, thereby reducing the exacerbation of symptoms associated with the diagnosis.
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Semba, Richard D. "The Discovery of the Vitamins." International Journal for Vitamin and Nutrition Research 82, no. 5 (October 1, 2012): 310–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1024/0300-9831/a000124.
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The discovery of the vitamins was a major scientific achievement in our understanding of health and disease. In 1912, Casimir Funk originally coined the term vitamine. The major period of discovery began in the early nineteenth century and ended at the mid-twentieth century. The puzzle of each vitamin was solved through the work and contributions of epidemiologists, physicians, physiologists, and chemists. Rather than a mythical story of crowning scientific breakthroughs, the reality was a slow, stepwise progress that included setbacks, contradictions, refutations, and some chicanery. Research on the vitamins that are related to major deficiency syndromes began when the germ theory of disease was dominant and dogma held that only four nutritional factors were essential: proteins, carbohydrates, fats, and minerals. Clinicians soon recognized scurvy, beriberi, rickets, pellagra, and xerophthalmia as specific vitamin deficiencies, rather than diseases due to infections or toxins. Experimental physiology with animal models played a fundamental role in nutrition research and greatly shortened the period of human suffering from vitamin deficiencies. Ultimately it was the chemists who isolated the various vitamins, deduced their chemical structure, and developed methods for synthesis of vitamins. Our understanding of the vitamins continues to evolve from the initial period of discovery.
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Ali, Mennatallah A., Hala A. Hafez, Maher A. Kamel, Heba I. Ghamry, Mustafa Shukry, and Mohamed A. Farag. "Dietary Vitamin B Complex: Orchestration in Human Nutrition throughout Life with Sex Differences." Nutrients 14, no. 19 (September 22, 2022): 3940. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu14193940.
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The importance of B complex vitamins starts early in the human life cycle and continues across its different stages. At the same time, numerous reports have emphasized the critical role of adequate B complex intake. Most studies examined such issues concerning a specific vitamin B or life stage, with the majority reporting the effect of either excess or deficiency. Deep insight into the orchestration of the eight different B vitamins requirements is reviewed across the human life cycle, beginning from fertility and pregnancy and reaching adulthood and senility, emphasizing interactions among them and underlying action mechanisms. The effect of sex is also reviewed for each vitamin at each life stage to highlight the different daily requirements and/or outcomes. Thiamine, riboflavin, niacin, pyridoxine, and folic acid are crucial for maternal and fetal health. During infancy and childhood, B vitamins are integrated with physical and psychological development that have a pivotal impact on one’s overall health in adolescence and adulthood. A higher intake of B vitamins in the elderly is also associated with preventing some aging problems, especially those related to inflammation. All supplementation should be carefully monitored to avoid toxicity and hypervitaminosis. More research should be invested in studying each vitamin individually concerning nutritional disparities in each life stage, with extensive attention paid to cultural differences and lifestyles.
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Sauberlich, Howerde E. "Water-Soluble Vitamin Assays in Human Nutrition." American Journal of Clinical Nutrition 62, no. 5 (November 1, 1995): 1031. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ajcn/62.5.1031.
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Eitenmiller, Ronald R. "Water-soluble vitamin assays in human nutrition." Trends in Food Science & Technology 6, no. 2 (February 1995): 64–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0924-2244(00)88962-1.
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Ahsan, Haseeb. "A Brief Overview and History of Human Nutrition and Health." Current Biochemistry 9, no. 2 (December 31, 2022): 98–103. http://dx.doi.org/10.29244/cb.9.2.5.
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Nutritional biochemistry is finally getting the attention it deserves, despite the fact that food and nutrition have been studied for centuries. In 1926, less than 100 years ago, the first vitamin was extracted and chemically characterized, leading to studies on single-nutrient deficiency diseases. Nutritional research on chronic diseases like cardiovascular disease, diabetes, obesity, and malignancies has hastened in the past few decades, especially after the year 2000. Nutrition has played a key role in the improvement of public health since the past 200 years, and is expected to play a major role in public health for the future.
Keywords: nutrition, diet, history, food, agriculture.
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Woźniak, Dagmara, Wojciech Cichy, Małgorzata Dobrzyńska, Juliusz Przysławski, and Sławomira Drzymała-Czyż. "Reasonableness of Enriching Cow’s Milk with Vitamins and Minerals." Foods 11, no. 8 (April 8, 2022): 1079. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/foods11081079.
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Milk is an exceptional nutritional product that has been used for many millennia in human nutrition. Milk is a source of many valuable nutrients, including calcium, vitamin B, an especially significant amount of vitamin B2 and fat-soluble vitamins, such as A, D and E. Milk is an attractive product for fortification as it has a high nutritional density in a small volume and a relatively low price. Research shows positive health effects of drinking milk and consuming dairy products. Even more health benefits can be obtained from consuming fortified dairy products. A literature review, current nutritional recommendations, medical recommendations and an analysis of the market situation all recommend introducing milk enriched with minerals in combination with vitamins to the market. This concept corresponds to the current market demand and may supplement the missing and expected range of fortified milk and the correct number of recipients.
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Ivanov, V., S. Ivanova, A. Niedzwiecki, and M. Rath. "Fat-Soluble Vitamins Affect Composition of Extracellular Matrix Deposited by Human Aortic Smooth Muscle and Endothelial Cells In Vitro." Current Topics in Nutraceutical Research 19, no. 1 (July 6, 2020): 36–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.37290/ctnr2641-452x.19:36-45.
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Atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease is accompanied by changes in arterial connective tissue. We evaluated the effects of fat-soluble vitamins A, D, and E individually and in combinations on the composition of extracellular matrix produced and deposited by arterial wall cells, human aortic smooth muscle cells, and endothelial cells. Individually, vitamins D and E stimulated collagen type I extracellular matrix deposition in human aortic smooth muscle cell cultures. However, vitamins A, D, and E reduced collagen type IV deposition by human aortic smooth muscle cell, counteracting the stimulatory effects of vitamin C. The extracellular matrix deposition of heparan sulfate by human aortic smooth muscle cells increased by vitamin C and its combination (C+D+E). β-carotene + D + C induced the extracellular matrix deposition of collagen I by endothelial cells. Vitamin E with other vitamins resulted in either induction (E+C+A) or inhibition (E+D). The extracellular matrix deposition of type IV collagen and elastin by human aortic endothelial cells was not affected by test vitamins, except the extracellular matrix type IV collagen decrease by combinations (A+E), (A+D+E), and (C+D+E). The extracellular matrix deposition of all tested glycosaminoglycans was reduced by vitamin A and its combination (A+C+D+E). Therefore, the fat-soluble vitamins applied individually or in combination—both with each other or with ascorbic acid—can affect extracellular matrix deposition of type I and IV collagens, and key glycosaminoglycans by cultured human aortic arterial wall cells.
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Morrissey, P. A., and P. J. A. Sheehy. "Optimal nutrition: vitamin E." Proceedings of the Nutrition Society 58, no. 2 (May 1999): 459–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0029665199000609.
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Interest in the role of vitamin E in disease prevention has encouraged the search for reliable indices of vitamin E status. Most studies in human subjects make use of static markers, usually a-tocopherol concentrations in plasma or serum. Plasma or serum α-tocopherol concentrations of < 11.6, 11.6–16.2, and > 16.2 mmol/l are normally regarded as indicating deficient, low and acceptable vitamin E status respectively, although more recently it has been suggested that the optimal plasma α-tocopherol concentration for protection against cardiovascular disease and cancer is > 30 μmol/l at common plasma lipid concentrations in combination with plasma vitamin C concentrations of > 50 μmol/l and > 0.4 mmol β-carotene/l. Assessment of vitamin E status has also been based on α-tocopherol concentrations in erythrocytes, lymphocytes, platelets, lipoproteins, adipose tissue, buccal mucosal cells and LDL, and on α- tocopherol: γ-tocopherol in serum or plasma. Erythrocyte susceptibility to haemolysis or lipid oxidation, breath hydrocarbon exhalation, oxidative resistance of LDL, and α-tocopheryl quinone concentrations in cerebrospinal fluid have been used as functional markers of vitamin E status. However, many of these tests tend to be non-specific and poorly standardized. The recognition that vitamin E has important roles in platelet, vascular and immune function in addition to its antioxidant properties may lead to the identification of more specific biomarkers of vitamin E status.
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Best, Cora M., Devon V. Riley, Thomas J. Laha, Hannah Pflaum, Leila R. Zelnick, Simon Hsu, Kenneth E. Thummel, et al. "Vitamin D in human serum and adipose tissue after supplementation." American Journal of Clinical Nutrition 113, no. 1 (November 12, 2020): 83–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ajcn/nqaa295.
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ABSTRACT Background Serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] concentration is an indicator of vitamin D exposure, but it is also influenced by clinical characteristics that affect 25(OH)D production and clearance. Vitamin D is the precursor to 25(OH)D but is analytically challenging to measure in biological specimens. Objectives We aimed to develop and validate a liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) method for quantification of vitamins D3 and D2 in serum and to explore the potential of circulating vitamin D as a biomarker of exposure in supplementation trials. Methods The method was validated using guideline C62-A from the Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute and was applied in 2 pilot clinical trials of oral vitamin D3 supplementation. Pilot study 1 included 22 adults randomly assigned to placebo or 2000 IU/d. Blood was collected at baseline, 1, 3, 6, and 12 mo. Pilot study 2 included 15 adults randomly assigned to 2000 or 4000 IU/d. Blood and subcutaneous (SUBQ) adipose tissue were collected at baseline and 3 mo. Results In study 1, mean change (baseline to 3 mo) in serum vitamin D3 was −0.1 ng/mL in the placebo group and 6.8 ng/mL in the 2000 IU/d group (absolute difference: 6.9; 95% CI: 4.5, 9.3 ng/mL). In study 2, mean change (baseline to 3 mo) in serum vitamin D3 was 10.4 ng/mL in the 2000 IU/d group and 22.2 ng/mL in the 4000 IU/d group (fold difference: 2.15; 95% CI: 1.40, 3.37). Serum and adipose tissue vitamin D3 concentrations were correlated, and the dose-response of vitamin D3 in adipose mirrored that in serum. Conclusions We validated a sensitive, robust, and high-throughput LC-MS/MS method to quantify vitamins D3 and D2 in serum. Serum and SUBQ adipose tissue vitamin D3 concentrations increased proportionally to dose with 3 mo of daily supplementation. These trials were registered at clinicaltrials.gov as NCT00552409 (pilot study 1) and NCT01477034 (pilot study 2).
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Vincenzetti, Silvia, Giuseppe Santini, Valeria Polzonetti, Stefania Pucciarelli, Yulia Klimanova, and Paolo Polidori. "Vitamins in Human and Donkey Milk: Functional and Nutritional Role." Nutrients 13, no. 5 (April 29, 2021): 1509. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu13051509.
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Background: Whole milk is a good source of all the nutrients, and it also contains a sufficient number of vitamins to permit regular the growth of the neonate. Dairy cow milk can create allergy in infants less than 12 months old because of the high caseins and β-lactoglobulin content. In these circumstances, donkey milk can represent a good replacement for dairy cows’ milk in children affected by Cow Milk Protein Allergy (CMPA) because of its close chemical composition with human milk, mainly due to its low protein and low mineral content. Milk vitamin content is highly variable among mammalian species and it is strictly correlated with the vitamin status and the diet administered to the mother. Fat-soluble vitamins content in donkey milk is, on average, lower compared to ruminants’ milk, while vitamin C content determined in donkey milk is higher compared to dairy cows’ milk, showing a great similarity with human milk. In donkey milk, the content of vitamins of the B-complex such as thiamine, riboflavin, niacin, pyridoxine, and folic acid is higher compared to human milk. The use of donkey milk as a new functional food must be further evaluated in interdisciplinary clinical trials in which pediatricians, dietitians, and food scientists must be involved to deepen the knowledge about the positive health impact of donkey milk in different sensitive people, especially children and the elderly.
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Carretero-Krug, Alejandra, Ana Montero-Bravo, Carmen Morais-Moreno, Ana M. Puga, Mª de Lourdes Samaniego-Vaesken, Teresa Partearroyo, and Gregorio Varela-Moreiras. "Nutritional Status of Breastfeeding Mothers and Impact of Diet and Dietary Supplementation: A Narrative Review." Nutrients 16, no. 2 (January 19, 2024): 301. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu16020301.
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Adequate nutrition during breastfeeding is crucial for ensuring the good health of mothers and babies. Despite the high energy and nutrient demands of breastfeeding, lactating women are often vulnerable from a nutritional perspective. The nutritional focus during breastfeeding tends to be on the newborn, often neglecting the mother’s diet. Therefore, in the present narrative review, nutrient intakes were compared with the dietary reference values (DRVs) proposed by the European Food Safety Authority (EFSA) as well as by the World Health Organization/Food and Agriculture Organization (WHO/FAO). In the diets of lactating mothers, dietary inadequacies were observed in the intake of some vitamins, such as folic acid, vitamin B12, vitamin A, and vitamin D, and in the intake of certain minerals like calcium, iron, and iodine; polyunsaturated omega-3 fatty acid deficiencies, primarily in eicosapentaenoic acid and docosahexaenoic acid, were also observed. On the other hand, the debate on the necessity of supplementation during lactation continues; the need for nutritional supplementation during lactation depends on many factors, such us mothers’ eating habits. There seems to be a positive association between nutritional supplementation of the lactating mother and the concentration of certain nutrients in human milk. The present narrative review provides an update on the nutritional status (fatty acids and micronutrients) of breastfeeding mothers and the impact of diet and dietary supplementation on human milk composition.
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LLOYD, JUNE K. "The Importance of Vitamin E in Human Nutrition." Acta Paediatrica 79, no. 1 (January 1990): 6–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1651-2227.1990.tb11322.x.
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KEYS, ANCEL. "HUMAN FITNESS AND THE STATE OF VITAMIN NUTRITION." Nutrition Reviews 5, no. 5 (April 27, 2009): 129–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1753-4887.1947.tb04156.x.
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Nguyen, My Tuyen Thi, Jieun Kim, Hyunjun Lee, Soyoon Won, Yongki Kim, Ji A. Jung, Dan Li, et al. "A Comparison of Vitamin and Lutein Concentrations in Breast Milk from Four Asian Countries." Nutrients 12, no. 6 (June 17, 2020): 1794. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu12061794.
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Vitamins are the essential elements for human life and, particularly, for infant health. Human milk is the best source of nutrients for newborns, however, the information of vitamins in Asian maternal milk is still limited. In this study, we have collected 580 Asian maternal milk samples from Korea (n = 254), China (n = 137), Pakistan (n = 92), and Vietnam (n = 97). The vitamin concentrations, including vitamin B-groups (8 vitamins), fat-soluble vitamin (retinol, D, E, K) and lutein in the breast milk of were investigated. The concentration of thiamin (B1), biotin (B7), and folic acid (B9) in mother’s milk of four countries were not considerably different, while riboflavin (B2), pantothenic acid (B5), and pyridoxine (B6) level in Vietnam samples were significantly lower than those in other countries. In contrast, retinol (A) and tocopherol (E) were found to be higher levels in Vietnamese maternal milk. Korean and Chinese maternal milk had low concentrations of retinol that may cause vitamin A deficiency in children. However, Chinese mother’s milk was distinguished with a high concentration of lutein. Pakistani mother’s milk was observed as having a significant problem of folic acid (B9) deficiency. Regardless of the country, vitamin B12, K, and D did not seem to be provided sufficiently through maternal milk. The moderate positive correlations were found between vitamin concentrations in each country and the pooled sample. The data obtained in this study were able to provide vital information to assess the nutritional status of breast milk in Asian countries and contributed to the efforts of ensuring the best nutrition for Asian children.
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Brown, B., K. R. Garvin, B. G. Hughes, M. D. Standing, K. L. O'Neill, and B. K. Murray. "Induction of Apoptic Features in Human Colon Cancer Cells After Exposure to Specific Vitamin Combinations." Microscopy and Microanalysis 6, S2 (August 2000): 892–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1431927600036953.
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Proper nutrition and vitamin consumption have long been associated with lower risks for many human cancers. Data from recent studies have suggested that exposure to antioxidant vitamins and vitamin combinations can induce genetic programed cell death, apoptosis, in human cancer cells. ‘“3 In this study, we report on the induction of apoptosis in HT-29 human colon adenocarcinoma cells after exposure to low doses of 13- c/s-retinoic acid (RA) and vitamin E succinate (VES). Induction of apoptosis was seen only in cancerous colon cells and not in normal human colon cells when exposed to RA and VES in combination, but not when exposed to either vitamin alone.Cultures of HT-29 cells were seeded in 6 well plates at 10,000 cells/well and grown at 37°C, 5% C02 in RPMI 1640 medium supplemented with 10% fetal bovine serum.
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Campos, Paixão, and Ferraz. "Fat-Soluble Vitamins in Human Lactation." International Journal for Vitamin and Nutrition Research 77, no. 5 (September 1, 2007): 303–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1024/0300-9831.77.5.303.
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Lactation has three distinct phases: colostrum, transition, and mature, with the quantity of fat-soluble vitamins and carotenoids tending to decline while the total fat content increases. The number of deliveries seems to be directly related to higher concentrations of beta-carotene and vitamin E in colostrum. Little is known about vitamin quantities during the other phases. In the present study, vitamin A and E concentrations during different phases of lactation were measured in primiparous and multiparous mothers to analyze the variation and suitability for the diet of a breastfed child. Phase of lactation and number of deliveries were highly significant for log mean vitamin A while only one phase showed significance for log mean vitamin E. There was a sharp decline in the levels of vitamin A and E in the course of the initial phase of lactation. The variability between measurements declined as colostrum transitioned to mature milk. There were significant measurable inter-group differences in retinol levels in milk obtained during early lactation. Vitamin A and E content can reach 2.5 and 1.4 times of levels recommended intake, respectively.
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MAWER, E. BARBARA, S. W. STANBURY, M. J. ROBINSON, J. JAMES, and C. CLOSE. "VITAMIN D NUTRITION AND VITAMIN D METABOLISM IN THE PREMATURE HUMAN NEONATE." Clinical Endocrinology 25, no. 6 (December 1986): 641–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2265.1986.tb03619.x.
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Fitzpatrick, Teresa B., and Lottie M. Chapman. "The importance of thiamine (vitamin B1) in plant health: From crop yield to biofortification." Journal of Biological Chemistry 295, no. 34 (June 17, 2020): 12002–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1074/jbc.rev120.010918.
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Ensuring that people have access to sufficient and nutritious food is necessary for a healthy life and the core tenet of food security. With the global population set to reach 9.8 billion by 2050, and the compounding effects of climate change, the planet is facing challenges that necessitate significant and rapid changes in agricultural practices. In the effort to provide food in terms of calories, the essential contribution of micronutrients (vitamins and minerals) to nutrition is often overlooked. Here, we focus on the importance of thiamine (vitamin B1) in plant health and discuss its impact on human health. Vitamin B1 is an essential dietary component, and deficiencies in this micronutrient underlie several diseases, notably nervous system disorders. The predominant source of dietary vitamin B1 is plant-based foods. Moreover, vitamin B1 is also vital for plants themselves, and its benefits in plant health have received less attention than in the human health sphere. In general, vitamin B1 is well-characterized for its role as a coenzyme in metabolic pathways, particularly those involved in energy production and central metabolism, including carbon assimilation and respiration. Vitamin B1 is also emerging as an important component of plant stress responses, and several noncoenzyme roles of this vitamin are being characterized. We summarize the importance of vitamin B1 in plants from the perspective of food security, including its roles in plant disease resistance, stress tolerance, and crop yield, and review the potential benefits of biofortification of crops with increased vitamin B1 content to improve human health.
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Et.al, Juli Yanto. "Development of Chicken Nutritional Quality Classification Methods and Algorithms Eggs Based on Characteristics of Yellow Eggs." Turkish Journal of Computer and Mathematics Education (TURCOMAT) 12, no. 3 (April 10, 2021): 1453–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.17762/turcomat.v12i3.943.
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In order to sustain human life, food is a very necessary material, since the human body requires nutrition to be used in everyday activities. In this case, eggs are among the nutritional intake, a protein that is commonly consumed by the community, particularly native chicken eggs that are available quite a lot. The nutritional quality does have beneficial advantages for the human body in all areas of the egg. In eggs, 10.8 percent of the protein content the body requires is in egg whites and 16.3 percent in egg yolks. The consistency of the egg is defined by the yolk color strength. The principal characteristic of egg quality is the yolk color. There are three basic forms of widely discovered shades of egg yolk. Pale yellow, plain yellow and orange yellow. Vitamin A, vitamin B2, folic acid, vitamin B6, and vitamin B12, iron, calcium, phosphorus, potassium, and cholesterol are rich in vitamins and minerals in egg yolks. Using the object image of 30 egg yolks, the preprocessing process with the background image is then uniform in size and then grouped by color-dependent characteristics so that the nutritional quality can be identified and the attribute extract is grouped using matlab based on sample testing at the Broad Research and Implementation of Biotechnology BPPT Testing Laboratory The convolutional process of neural networks. Development of characteristic digital image-driven extraction of chicken egg yolk and implementation of nutritional quality grouping of eggs based on characteristic colour extraction of egg yolk. In yellow colour, chicken offers 94% similarity.
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Kotake-Nara, Eiichi, Shiro Komba, and Megumi Hase. "Uptake of Vitamins D2, D3, D4, D5, D6, and D7 Solubilized in Mixed Micelles by Human Intestinal Cells, Caco-2, an Enhancing Effect of Lysophosphatidylcholine on the Cellular Uptake, and Estimation of Vitamins D’ Biological Activities." Nutrients 13, no. 4 (March 29, 2021): 1126. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu13041126.
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Vitamins D have various biological activities, as well as intestinal calcium absorption. There has been recent concern about insufficient vitamin D intake. In addition to vitamins D2 and D3, there are lesser-known vitamins D4–D7. We synthesized vitamins D5–D7, which are not commercially available, and then evaluated and compared the mixed micelles-solubilized vitamins D uptake by Caco-2 cells. Except for vitamin D5, the uptake amounts of vitamins D4–D7 by differentiated Caco-2 cells were similar to those of vitamins D2 and D3. The facilitative diffusion rate in the ezetimibe inhibited pathway was approximately 20% for each vitamin D type, suggesting that they would pass through the pathway at a similar rate. Lysophosphatidylcholine enhanced each vitamin D uptake by approximately 2.5-fold. Lysophosphatidylcholine showed an enhancing effect on vitamin D uptake by reducing the intercellular barrier formation of Caco-2 cells by reducing cellular cholesterol, suggesting that increasing the uptakes of vitamins D and/or co-ingesting them with lysophosphatidylcholine, would improve vitamin D insufficiency. The various biological activities in the activated form of vitamins D4–D7 were estimated by Prediction of Activity Spectra for Substances (PASS) online simulation. These may have some biological activities, supporting the potential as nutritional components.
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Quamruzzaman, AKM, Ferdouse Islam, Limu Akter, Anjumanara Khatun, Sharmila Rani Mallick, Ahmed Gaber, Alison Laing, Marian Brestic, and Akbar Hossain. "Evaluation of the Quality of Yard-Long Bean (Vigna unguiculata sub sp. sesquipedalis L.) Cultivars to Meet the Nutritional Security of Increasing Population." Agronomy 12, no. 9 (September 15, 2022): 2195. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/agronomy12092195.
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It is well-known that eating highly nutritious foods has health benefits which may include the prevention of diabetes, heart disease, cancers and other diseases. We examined five yard-long bean cultivars commonly grown in Bangladesh to determine their quality and nutritional composition in terms of carbohydrates, protein, moisture content, fat, ash, sugar crude fiber, as well as their average concentrations of the important nutrients vitamins A (folate) B1 (thiamine), B2 (riboflavin), B3 (niacin), B6 (pyridoxamine), and C (ascorbic acid), the electrolytes sodium and potassium, and the minerals iron, calcium, magnesium and zinc. The experiment was conducted at the Horticulture Research Centre (latitude 23.9920° N and longitude 90.4125° E, having an elevation of 8.2 m asl) of the Bangladesh Agricultural Research Institute (BARI), Joydebpur, Bangladesh during 2019–2020 to find out the best yard-long bean cultivar to meet the nutritional security of the increasing population of Bangladesh. We observed average energy concentrations of the five yard-long bean cultivars between 37.62 to 45.94 Kcal/100 g. Similarly, average carbohydrate concentrations ranged between 6.28 to 8.41 g/100 g, average protein between 2.80 and 3.30 g/100 g, average fat between 0.10 and 0.19 g/100 g, average sugar between 1.47 to 2.34 g/100 g, and average crude fiber between 1.23 to 1.85 g/100 g. All five yard-long bean cultivars had high average concentrations of folate and key vitamins critical for human health: vitamin A (846.23–869.36 IU), vitamin B1 (0.096–0.115 mg), vitamin B2 (0.109–0.118 mg), vitamin B3 (0.40–0.42 mg), vitamin B6 (0.020–0.025 mg), and vitamin C (18.20–20.22 mg). Average sodium concentrations in the yard-long bean pods ranged from 3.97 to 4.18 mg, while average potassium concentrations varied between 230.03 and 246.57 mg. We observed high average concentrations of the minerals iron (0.85–1.28 mg), calcium (42.11–58.83 mg), magnesium (40.44–46.50 mg), and zinc (0.36–0.40 mg). Following this thorough investigation, we recommend the five yard-long bean cultivars be promoted for production and consumption within Bangladesh to improve human health and nutrition and to contribute to the prevention of key health complications including diabetes, obesity and some cancers.
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Polutchko, Stephanie K., Jared J. Stewart, Maureen McNamara, Naiara Doherty Garcia, Marina López-Pozo, William W. Adams, and Barbara Demmig-Adams. "Lemna as a Sustainable, Highly Nutritious Crop: Nutrient Production in Different Light Environments." Nutraceuticals 2, no. 4 (November 11, 2022): 350–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nutraceuticals2040027.
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Development of a nutritious, sustainable food source is essential to address worldwide deficiencies in human micronutrients. Aquatic floating plants (e.g., species in the family Lemnaceae, duckweeds) are uniquely suited for area-efficient productivity with exceptionally high rates of growth and nutritional quality. Here, we provide an overview of the role of dietary micronutrients (with a focus on carotenoids) in human health and the promise of Lemnaceae as sustainable crops. We examine the effect of growth light environment on plant biomass production and levels of the carotenoids zeaxanthin, lutein, and pro-vitamin A (β-carotene), as well as the antioxidant vitamin E (α-tocopherol), and protein. Data on each of these nutrients are reported on a plant dry biomass basis (as relevant for nutrition) as well as relative to the required input of light energy (as relevant to resource-use efficiency).
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Mewes, Louisa, Carina Knappe, Christian Graetz, Juliane Wagner, Tobias J. Demetrowitsch, Julia Jensen-Kroll, Karim Mohamed Fawzy El-Sayed, et al. "Vitamin C and Omega-3 Fatty Acid Intake Is Associated with Human Periodontitis—A Nested Case-Control Study." Nutrients 14, no. 9 (May 5, 2022): 1939. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu14091939.
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Vitamins and omega-3 fatty acids (Ω3FA) modulate periodontitis-associated inflammatory processes. The aim of the current investigation was to evaluate associations of oral nutrient intake and corresponding serum metabolites with clinical severity of human periodontitis. Within the Food Chain Plus cohort, 373 periodontitis patients—245 without (POL) and 128 with tooth loss (PWL)—were matched to 373 controls based on sex, smoking habit, age and body mass index in a nested case-control design. The amount of oral intake of vitamins and Ω3FAs was assessed from nutritional data using a Food Frequency Questionnaire. Oral intake and circulatory bioavailability of vitamins and Ω3FA serum metabolomics were compared, using ultra-high-resolution mass spectrometry. Periodontitis patients exhibited a significantly higher oral intake of vitamin C and Ω3FA Docosapentaenoic acid (p < 0.05) compared to controls. Nutritional intake of vitamin C was higher in PWL, while the intake of Docosapentaenoic acid was increased in POL (p < 0.05) compared to controls. In accordance, serum levels of Docosapentaenoic acid were also increased in POL (p < 0.01) compared to controls. Vitamin C and the Ω3FA Docosapentaenoic acid might play a role in the pathophysiology of human periodontitis. Further studies on individualized nutritional intake and periodontitis progression and therapy are necessary.
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Csapó, J., Cs Albert, and J. Prokisch. "The role of vitamins in the diet of the elderly II. Water-soluble vitamins." Acta Universitatis Sapientiae, Alimentaria 10, no. 1 (October 1, 2017): 146–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/ausal-2017-0010.
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AbstractFollowing a presentation of humans’ water-soluble vitamin requirements, the authors will discuss in detail the role these vitamins play in human organism and outline those major biochemical processes that are negatively affected in the body in case of vitamin deficiency. They point out that in the elderly population of developed countries cases of water-soluble vitamin deficiency are extremely rare and they are due to the lack of dietary vitamin, but mostly to the vitamin being released from its bindings, the difficulty of free vitamin absorption, gastrointestinal problems, medication, and often alcoholism. Among water-soluble vitamins, B12is the only one with a sufficient storage level in the body, capable of preventing deficiency symptoms for a long period of time in cases of vitamin-deficient nutrition. Each type of vitamin is dealt with separately in discussing the beneficial outcomes of their overconsumption regarding health, while the authors of the article also present cases with contradictory results. Daily requirements are set forth for every water-soluble vitamin and information is provided on the types of nutrients that help us to the water-soluble vitamins essential for the organism.
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Starostina, L. S. "Vitamin and mineral supply in children: a pediatrician’s view." Russian Journal of Woman and Child Health 3, no. 4 (2020): 319–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.32364/2618-8430-2020-3-4-319-325.
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The important role of vitamins for bodily functions was described for the first time by Russian pediatrician N.I. Lunin as early as in 1880. Since then, doctors, biologists, researchers, and other experts have focused on the effects of vitamins on human body and their role in various processes. In 2017, the Union of Pediatricians of Russia has developed “National program of the optimization of vitamin and mineral supply of Russian children” based on the monitoring of child nutrition. Treatment of multivitamin deficiency involves additional intake of missing substances as well as the improvement of their absorption and their synthesis in human body. The vast majority of vitamin and mineral supplements contain daily-recommended amounts of essential vitamins and microelements. However, not all substances are completely absorbed since patients with multivitamin deficiency often have gut microbiome abnormalities resulting in poor availability of supplemented vitamins and minerals. This paper discusses the rationale of additional vitamins, their role in bodily functions, and signs of vitamin deficiency. KEYWORDS: children, prevention, vitamins, microelements, macroelements, micronutrients, harmonious development, immunity, microbiota, Bifidobacterium. FOR CITATION: Starostina L.S. Vitamin and mineral supply in children: a pediatrician’s view. Russian Journal of Woman and Child Health. 2020;3(4):319–324. DOI: 10.32364/2618-8430-2020-3-4-319-325.
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Swastawati, Fronthea, Putut Har Riyadi, Retno Ayu Kurniasih, Aninditya Artina Setiaputri, and Defita Faridlotus Sholihah. "The Chemical Composition, Microbiology and Micronutrients Changes of Fresh Barracuda Fish and Smoked Barracuda Fish using Different Smoking Methods." Proceedings of The International Halal Science and Technology Conference 14, no. 1 (March 10, 2022): 67–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.31098/ihsatec.v14i1.487.
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Fish play an essential role in human nutrition and ensure about 20% of protein intake for one-third of the world's population, especially in developing countries. Fish is consumed because of its nutritional benefits, such as protein, essential amino acids, fats, and micronutrients (vitamins and minerals). Micronutrients can prevent disease disorders due to micronutrient deficiencies. But behind its nutritional advantages, fish are very easy to spoil. Fish preservation and processing methods explore ways to stop or slow down spoilage. One method of preserving and processing fish that can be applied is smoking. This study aimed to evaluate the moisture content, total fat, heavy metals, vitamin A, and microbiology of fresh and smoked barracuda fish with different smoking methods, namely traditional smoking, and liquid smoke. Fresh barracuda fish is smoked using the traditional smoking method and liquid smoke. Fresh and smoked barracuda fish were then analyzed, including water content, total fat content, heavy metals (Cd, Hg, Sn, As), histamine, micronutrients (vitamins A and D), and microbial contamination. The levels of heavy metals, histamine, and microbial contamination have met the quality standard of smoked fish (SNI 2725: 2013). Vitamin A in fresh barracuda and smoked barracuda was < 15.85 mcg/100 g, while vitamin D was not detected in either fresh barracuda or smoked barracuda.
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Dounousi, Evangelia, and Vasillios Liakopoulos. "Editorial for the Special Issue “Vitamin K in Chronic Disease and Human Health”." Nutrients 14, no. 13 (June 23, 2022): 2595. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu14132595.
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Пономарева, Елена, Elena Ponomareva, Андрей Кривошеев, Andrey Krivosheev, Светлана Лукина, Svetlana Lukina, Надежда Алехина, et al. "Breadsticks with enhanced nutritional value for salt-free nutrition." Food Processing: Techniques and Technology 48, no. 1 (January 10, 2019): 114–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.21603/2074-9414-2018-1-114-124.
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At present moment it is essential to produce food which not only satisfies people’s needs, but also has a particular nutritional value and vitamin and mineral content. Introduction of non-traditional types of plant materials in the recipes of baked goods for preventive and therapeutic nutrition is a promising direction for enhancing their nutritional value. Consumption of these products improves the balance of vitamins, amino acids, trace elements, macronutrients, food fibers and has a positive effect on human health. The article presents the development of breadstick recipe for salt-free nutrition using flax seed flour and grapeseed oil which guarantee overall enrichment of food recommended in case of such diseases as heart and renal failure, hypertension, osteoporosis, arthritis and arthrosis. Using flax seed flour in baked goods production will make it possible to increase the content of protein, food fibers, vitamins and mineral substances in them. Grapeseed oil has a lot of polyunsaturated fatty acids and biologically active substances which improve immune barrier. The article reveals the results of the determination of the table salt effect as well as the influence of non-traditional types of raw materials on organoleptic, physical and chemical parameters of the ready-to-use products, their microstructure and antioxidant activity. The author suggests using enzymatic composition instead of table salt in breadsticks recipe for salt-free nutrition. The article presents the results of the chemical composition determination and calculation of breadsticks nutritional value. The obtained data will help extend the product line of special-use baked goods with higher nutritional value.
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Juszczak, Aleksandra Beata, Maciej Kupczak, and Tomasz Konecki. "Does Vitamin Supplementation Play a Role in Chronic Kidney Disease?" Nutrients 15, no. 13 (June 23, 2023): 2847. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu15132847.
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Although the role of vitamins in the human body is proven, guidelines for patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) remain unclear. This narrative review summarizes the findings of 98 studies of CKD and the effects of vitamin D, B, C, A, E, and K supplementation on patients on dialysis for CKD, with the aim of summarizing the existing guidelines. The findings are promising, showing the potential effectiveness of vitamin supplementation with, for example, vitamins B, D, or C. However, recommendations are still ambiguous, especially in the case of vitamins A and K, due to the potential toxicity associated with higher doses for patients. Continued research is needed to rigorously evaluate the effectiveness and carefully consider the potential risks of some vitamin supplementation for patients with CKD.
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van Wijk, Nick, Carol J. Watkins, Mark Böhlke, Timothy J. Maher, Robert J. J. Hageman, Patrick J. G. H. Kamphuis, Laus M. Broersen, and Richard J. Wurtman. "Plasma choline concentration varies with different dietary levels of vitamins B6, B12and folic acid in rats maintained on choline-adequate diets." British Journal of Nutrition 107, no. 10 (September 15, 2011): 1408–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0007114511004570.
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Choline is an important component of the human diet and is required for the endogenous synthesis of choline-containing phospholipids, acetylcholine and betaine. Choline can also be synthesisedde novoby the sequential methylation of phosphatidylethanolamine to phosphatidylcholine. Vitamins B6, B12and folate can enhance methylation capacity and therefore could influence choline availability not only by increasing endogenous choline synthesis but also by reducing choline utilisation. In the present experiment, we determined whether combined supplementation of these B vitamins affects plasma choline concentration in a rat model of mild B vitamin deficiency which shows moderate increases in plasma homocysteine. To this end, we measured plasma choline and homocysteine concentrations in rats that had consumed a B vitamin-poor diet for 4 weeks after which they were either continued on the B vitamin-poor diet or switched to a B vitamin-enriched diet for another 4 weeks. Both diets contained recommended amounts of choline. Rats receiving the B vitamin-enriched diet showed higher plasma choline and lower plasma homocysteine concentrations as compared to rats that were continued on the B vitamin-poor diet. These data underline the interdependence between dietary B vitamins and plasma choline concentration, possibly via the combined effects of the three B vitamins on methylation capacity.
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Zołoteńka-Synowiec, Marzena, Beata Całyniuk, Ewa Malczyk, Aleksandra Zgraja, and Marta Misiarz. "Content of selected vitamins in menus from a social welfare home." Medical Science Pulse 12, no. 3 (September 30, 2018): 18–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0012.6142.
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Background: Psychological old age is considered a developmental process in which there is a juxtaposition of profit and loss. Developmental changes are multi-faceted and include biological, psychological and social spheres. The quality of human life diminishes as mobility lessens, and this compromises self-perception. The biological changes of old age are retroactive. Poor nutritional status and other negative behaviors like addictions contribute to the physiological regression of aging. Interest in nutrition amongst the elderly is heightened because of the aging population in Poland and internationally. There is also interest in the application of proper nutrition to prevent diseases in this age group. Proper nutrition is one of the main factors determining ideal human function and positively affects the natural processes within it. Analysis of food composition gives the opportunity to eliminate nutritional errors, which in turn contributes to improving the quality of life and delaying the aging process in the examined age group. Aim of the study: The aim of this study was to evaluate the content of selected vitamins in 10 seasonal menus applied at a Social Welfare Home. Material and methods: This study included 40 decade menus, prepared over four seasons of a year for the residents of a Social Welfare Home. The vitamin content of the meals was assessed quantitatively using the computer program, Diet 5. The selected vitamins were those considered most essential to the elderly diet because of the common appearance of their deficiencies. Taking into consideration physical activity of the elderly (1,4 physical activity level ) and utilizing the norms developed by the Food and Nutrition Institute, the average norms of the analyzed nutrients were calculated for people over 60 years of age. For this purpose the formula (K+M)/2 was used, where K is the norm for women and M is the norm for men. The results obtained were compared with the calculated mean values of the norm for elderly at the level of the estimated average requirements (EAR). The results were analyzed statistically giving the mean value (X) and the median. The calculations were performed using Microsoft Excel. Results: Deficiencies in vitamin D were found. The menu content of vitamins E and C was correct in all seasons. The amount of vitamins A, B2, B12 and PP was excessive in all the seasons. Conclusions: The evaluated menus showed errors in the supply of the assessed vitamins.
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Koprivica, Marko, and Jelena Bjelanović. "The importance of vitamin a in the nutrition." Medicinski casopis 55, no. 3 (2021): 99–103. http://dx.doi.org/10.5937/mckg55-31633.
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Vitamin A is a group of molecules that are introduced into the body through food. This vitamin is present in food of vegetable and animal origin. Daily vitamin A needs depend on age and reproductive status. The lowest concentrations are required by infants and children up to 14 years of age, while pregnant women and lactating women are more likely to have the highest vitamin A needs. In the human body, vitamin A participates in numerous physiological processes. This vitamin forms the pigment rhodopsin which enables night vision. In addition to this role, vitamin A exerts its function in the immune system, where it participates in maintaining the integrity of the epithelial membranes, as well as in the proper functioning and differentiation of lymphocytes. More recent studies show that vitamin A has a protective role in the process of carcinogenesis and that its regular use prevents gastric cancer from developing. Vitamin A deficiency is a serious public health problem in certain regions of the world, so vitamin supplementation is recommended in some cases in children up to 5 years of age and in pregnant women.
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Zharova, Yulia Sergeevna, Victoria Andreevna Dudareva, Maksim Leonidovich Maksimov, Irina Glebovna Dyadikova, and Malika Anarbekovna Ismailova. "Features of nutrition and vitamin and mineral prevention in young people during the Covid-19 pandemic." Vrač skoroj pomoŝi (Emergency Doctor), no. 10 (October 1, 2020): 49–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.33920/med-02-2010-04.
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Purpose of researh was making recommendations on diet for students in self-isolation mode, taking into account the analysis of their nutrition. Methods. A representative group was formed by random sampling. The study involved 40 students (23 women and 17 men) of Rostov State Medical University, average age 22.5 years ± 1 year (group 1). To create the database, we used the human nutritional analysis program, version 1.2.4., Registered by the Russian Agency for Patents and Trademarks 02/09/04 No. 2004610397 GUNII Nutrition RAMS. Comparison of the results was carried out with a similar group outside the conditions of self-isolation caused by the pandemic covid-19 (control group). Results. In the group of women surveyed, the energy value of the diet was 1832.77 kcal. The daily amount of incoming protein is 66.6 g, fat — 97.3 g (45 % more than the recommended amount), carbohydrates — 167.87 g (42 % lower than normal). The content of trace elements: sodium — 124 % more than normal, phosphorus — 43 %. At the same time, the content of other trace elements and vitamins is less than necessary: calcium — by 18 %, magnesium — by 39 %, vitamin B1 — by 55 %, vitamin B2 — by 35 %, niacin — by 45 %. In the group of men surveyed, the energy value of the diet was 1848.24 kcal; the amount of protein consumed — 66.93 g, fat — 97.7 g (20 % higher than normal), carbohydrates — 169.6 g (53 % less than the recommended amount). The content of trace elements: sodium — 123 % more than normal, phosphorus — 46 %. There is a lack of intake of many trace elements and vitamins: calcium — 15 % less than recommended, magnesium — 38 %, vitamin B1–54 %, vitamin B2–32 %, niacin — 45 %. Conclusion. In general, we can conclude that the nutrition of the students surveyed does not correspond to the current situation. Although the energy value of the daily diet is optimal, the ratio of macro- and micronutrients is violated. Recommendations are given to reduce the consumption of foods containing fats and phosphorus, in favor of foods containing complex carbohydrates, as well as vitamins B1, B2, niacin, magnesium and calcium. The need to minimize the consumption of salt, sugar, saturated and trans isomers of fatty acids is noted. It is also recommended in conditions of self-isolation to add specialized and fortified foods, as well as vitamin-mineral complexes, to the diet.
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Kampuse, Solvita, Liene Ozola, Zanda Krūma, Dace Kļava, Ruta Galoburda, Evita Straumīte, and Inese Siksna. "Nutritional Composition of Plant-Based Texture: Modified Foods for Dysphagia Patients." Proceedings of the Latvian Academy of Sciences. Section B. Natural, Exact, and Applied Sciences. 76, no. 1 (February 1, 2022): 22–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/prolas-2022-0004.
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Abstract There are approximately 590 million people in the world with swallowing disorders (dysphagia), who need texture-modified foods to ensure nutritional intake on a daily basis. The aim of this research was to create new texture-modified products and to evaluate their bioactive and mineral compound concentration. Nine new products (five desserts and four puree-soups) were developed from plant-based ingredients with addition of a source of protein, canola oil, ascorbic acid, and other ingredients. Obtained samples were vacuum-cooked, sterilised at 115 °C for 5 min and tested for their bioactive compound concentration (total carotene and phenol concentration, and ABTS and DPPH radical scavenging activity), and concentration of seven vitamins and thirteen minerals important in human nutrition. The obtained data showed that bioactive compound concentration varied from sample to sample, which was expected due to the varied ingredients of each product. Mineral compound concentration analysis showed low levels of iodine, molybdenum, and selenium. The vitamin analysis showed traces of vitamin D3 and low levels of B group vitamins. Overall, the analysed product composition indicated that the natural background of these products is insufficient for ensuring the human body with all of the necessary vitamins and minerals, and the best solution could be the supplementation of these products with complexes of vitamins and minerals.
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Mulat, Trimaya Cahya, Rusli Abdullah, Rachmat Jaya, Sarifudin Andi Latif, Zaenal Zaenal, and Mauritz Pandapotan Marpaung. "Pemberian Vitamin A Pada Anak Di Daerah Pesisir Pantai Sumpang Binangae Wilayah Kerja Puskesmas Padongko Kabupaten Barru." Sahabat Sosial: Jurnal Pengabdian Masyarakat 2, no. 2 (March 15, 2024): 287–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.59585/sosisabdimas.v2i2.328.
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Vitamin A is the most essential nutrient, this is because our food consumption is not sufficient and is still low so it must be met from outside. Vitamin A is a vitamin that has many properties for reducing mortality and morbidity rates, and is beneficial for human growth, and also plays a role in the body's immune system, protecting the body from contracting various infections. A deficiency of vitamin A can cause night blindness, which is another form of xeropthalmia including damage to the cornea and blindness. From the explanation of the various benefits of vitamin A itself, it is very important to meet the daily needs of vitamin A, especially for children and toddlers who are still in the process of growing in order to avoid various diseases ranging from eye diseases, growth and nutritional problems to infectious diseases. can endanger lives. The aim of this service is to educate the public about the correct use of vitamins and the importance of fulfilling nutrition, especially vitamin A for children. The method used in this activity is presentation of material, question and answer between the presenter and the village community, filling in the pretest and posttest. This service activity provides material understanding regarding the benefits of giving vitamin A to children as evidenced by increased knowledge after socialization and understanding of the community in the Coastal Coastal Village of Sumpang Binangae regarding Vitamin A in children.
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Abewoy, Damtew, Habtamu Gudisa Megersa, Dejene Tadesse Banjaw, and Dadi Tolessa Lemma. "Major Nutritional Content of Orange Fleshed Sweet Potato (OFSP) and It’s Importance: Review." Global Academic Journal of Agriculture and Biosciences 6, no. 01 (January 2, 2024): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.36348/gajab.2024.v06i01.001.
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Sweet potato is playing an immense role in human diet and considered as second staple food in developed and developing countries. Its production and management need low inputs compared to the other staple crops. The natural nutritional content of sweet potato roots varies up on the flesh color the contain. Thus, Orange-fleshed sweet potatoes are one of the richest natural sources of beta carotene, a plant-based compound that is converted to vitamin A in your body so as to combat malnutrition, including vitamin A deficiency. In addition to beta- carotene, OFSP is known as a source of dietary fiber, complex carbohydrates, proteins, vitamins A, C, and B, iron, calcium as well as the making of industrial starch and leaves also could be consumed as vegetables. A 100-150 g serving of boiled roots of orange-fleshed sweet potato can supply the daily requirement of vitamin A for young children which can protect them from blindness. Along with the β-carotene, the pro-vitamin A, the young children and adults can also get adequate number of calories, vitamin C and other micronutrients through increased consumption orange-fleshed sweet potato. Therefore, sweet potato an important crop in the economic uplifting of humans and serving as both food security crop and nutrition security crop.
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Solomons, Noel W. "Plant Sources of Vitamin A and Human Nutrition: Renewed Strategies." Nutrition Reviews 54, no. 3 (April 27, 2009): 89–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1753-4887.1996.tb03877.x.
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Osman, Dina El-Rabie, Brandon Wee Siang Phon, Muhamad Noor Alfarizal Kamarudin, Stephen Navendran Ponnampalam, Ammu Kutty Radhakrishnan, and Saatheeyavaane Bhuvanendran. "Biomarkers Regulated by Lipid-Soluble Vitamins in Glioblastoma." Nutrients 14, no. 14 (July 13, 2022): 2873. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu14142873.
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Glioblastoma (GBM), a highly lethal form of adult malignant gliomas with little clinical advancement, raises the need for alternative therapeutic approaches. Lipid-soluble vitamins have gained attention in malignant brain tumors owing to their pleiotropic properties and their anti-cancer potential have been reported in a number of human GBM cell lines. The aim of this paper is to systematically review and describe the roles of various biomarkers regulated by lipid-soluble vitamins, such as vitamins A, D, E, and K, in the pathophysiology of GBM. Briefly, research articles published between 2005 and 2021 were systematically searched and selected from five databases (Scopus, PubMed, Ovid MEDLINE, EMBASE via Ovid, and Web of Science) based on the study’s inclusion and exclusion criteria. In addition, a number of hand-searched research articles identified from Google Scholar were also included for the analysis. A total of 40 differentially expressed biomarkers were identified from the 19 eligible studies. The results from the analysis suggest that retinoids activate cell differentiation and suppress the biomarkers responsible for stemness in human GBM cells. Vitamin D appears to preferentially modulate several cell cycle biomarkers, while vitamin E derivatives seem to predominantly modulate biomarkers related to apoptosis. However, vitamin K1 did not appear to induce any significant changes to the Raf/MEK/ERK signaling or apoptotic pathways in human GBM cell lines. From the systematic analysis, 12 biomarkers were identified that may be of interest for further studies, as these were modulated by one or two of these lipid-soluble vitamins.
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Levêques, Antoine, Jean-Marie Oberson, Emeline Alexandra Tissot, Karine Redeuil, Sagar K. Thakkar, and Esther Campos-Giménez. "Quantification of Vitamins A, E, and K and Carotenoids in Submilliliter Volumes of Human Milk." Journal of AOAC INTERNATIONAL 102, no. 4 (July 1, 2019): 1059–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.5740/jaoacint.19-0016.
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Abstract Background: Human milk is the optimal nutrition for all newborns in the first 6 months of life. In order to assess the nutritional needs of the breastfed infant, human milk is often characterized for multiple nutrients. Objective: To ensure that we minimize the volume of milk dedicated for research and optimize the number of nutrients characterized, we developed analytical methodologies for the determination of vitamins A (retinol), E (alpha and gamma tocopherol), K (phylloquinone and menaquinone-4), and five carotenoids (β-carotene, lycopene, β-cryptoxanthin, lutein, and zeaxanthin) using <1 mL human milk. Method: Vitamins E and K and carotenoids are simultaneously isolated from 750 μL milk by liquid–liquid extraction (LLE). Tocopherols and carotenoids are determined by normal-phase LC with fluorescence and ultraviolet detection respectively. Vitamin K is analyzed on the same extracts after resuspension and clean-up by reversed phase liquid chromatography coupled to tandem MS. The analysis of vitamin A involves saponification of 200 μL milk followed by LLE and determination by normal-phase LC with UV detection. Results: Full single-laboratory validation at four different concentration levels is presented. Recovery rates were within 90–105% in all except one case (retinol at 1.9 μg/mL, 88% recovery), with RSDs of repeatability and intermediate reproducibility below 10 and 15%, respectively for all the compounds. Conclusions and Highlights: To the best of best knowledge, this is the first report that allows for the characterization and quantification of vitamins A, E, and K and five carotenoids in <1 mL human milk.
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Hampel, Daniela, Setareh Shahab-Ferdows, Kerry Schulze, and Lindsay Allen. "Comprehensive Analysis of B-vitamins in Human Milk." Current Developments in Nutrition 6, Supplement_1 (June 2022): 766. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/cdn/nzac063.008.
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Abstract Objectives B-vitamins are metabolic co-factors and an inadequate supply to the exclusively breast-fed infant can affect healthy growth and development. We developed a UPLC-MS/MS method for analyzing thiamin (T), thiamin-monophosphate, riboflavin, flavin adenine dinucleotide, flavin mononucleotide, nicotinamide, nicotinic acid, nicotinamide mononucleotide, nicotinamide dinucleotide, nicotinamide riboside, nudifloramide, pantothenic acid, pyridoxal, pyridoxal 5-phosphate, pyridoxamine, pyridoxine, 4-pyridoxic acid, biotin, 5-methyl-tetrahydrofuran (5MeTHF), and tryptophan in human milk. Methods Optimized results were obtained using a Phenomenex NX-C18 column, 250 × 3 mm, 3 µm, and a gradient of an aqueous solution of 10 mM ammonium formate + 0.05% ammonium hydroxide (A) and acetonitrile (B) from 99% to 5% A in a 12 min run (SCIEX ExionLC-AD -QTRAP6500+). Defatted and deproteinized milk (100 µL) was used and quantified by area ratio responses (external to internal standards). 50 milk samples from community-dwelling rural Bangladeshi mothers at 3.2 ± 0.2 months postpartum were analyzed and results were compared to the Adequate Intakes (AI) for infants 0–6 months. Results Analyte recoveries in pooled human milk ranged from 65–130% across vitamins with an overall process efficiency from 81–92% (T: 190%). Additional analytes were detectable but not yet quantifiable: nicotinamide dinucleotidephosphate, pyridoxamine 5-phosphate, 4-deoxypyridoxine, folic acid, and thiamin-diphosphate. 5MeTHF was detectable but given the sample preparation, only as a small concentration. Milk from Bangladeshi mothers had a large range of vitamin concentrations within and between analytes, including for samples meeting the AI. One sample (2%) reached the AI for vitamin B1, none for B2; 14% for niacin, 98% for pantothenic acid, 72% for B6, and 34% for biotin. Conclusions This method enables a comprehensive evaluation of milk B-vitamin concentrations to assess status and effects of maternal interventions on milk B-vitamins. Future application will be expanded to other matrices with further validation of the analytes currently only ascertainable qualitatively. Funding Sources Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation (OPP1148405), USDA/ARS Intramural Project (5306-51,530-019-00).
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Jägerstad, Margaretha. "The scientific basis for vitamin intake in human nutrition (bibliotheca nutritio et dieta No. 52)." Trends in Food Science & Technology 7, no. 11 (November 1996): 380–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0924-2244(96)89448-9.
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Harbige, Laurence S. "Nutrition and Immunity with Emphasis on Infection and Autoimmune Disease." Nutrition and Health 10, no. 4 (January 1996): 285–312. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/026010609601000401.
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Nutrition and nutritional status can have profound effects on immune functions, resistance to infection and autoimmunity in man and other animals. Nutrients enhance or depress immune function depending on the nutrient and level of its intake. Protein-energy malnutrition and vitamin A deficiency are strongly associated with impaired immunity and infectious disease. The essential role vitamin A plays in infection and maintenance of mucosal surfaces has long been known. Recent evidence shows that T-cell subpopulations, cytokines and antibody subclasses are all affected by vitamin A. In animal studies supplementation with vitamin E protects against infection and is linked to stimulatory effects on the immune system. In man vitamin E and other anti-oxidants increase the number of CD4+ cells. Dietary lipids and zinc have a substantial impact on autoimmunity from protective to potentiation of immunopathological processes in animals. There is considerable potential to modify human autoimmune disease by manipulation of lipid nutrition. Deficiency of pyridoxine induces atrophy of lymphoid organs, marked reduction in lymphocyte numbers, impairs antibody responses and IL-2 production. Dietary copper is important in the prevention of infection in some animal species and T-cell function is defective under deficiency states due to an inability to produce IL-2. Selenium has been linked to viral infection, enhanced T-cell functions and TNFß induced increase in natural killer cell activity. Understanding the molecular and cellular immunological mechanisms involved in nutrient-immune interactions will increase our applications for nutrition of the immune system in health and in disease.
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Beulens, Joline W. J., Sarah L. Booth, Ellen G. H. M. van den Heuvel, Elisabeth Stoecklin, Athanasia Baka, and Cees Vermeer. "The role of menaquinones (vitamin K2) in human health." British Journal of Nutrition 110, no. 8 (April 16, 2013): 1357–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0007114513001013.
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Recent reports have attributed the potential health benefits of vitamin K beyond its function to activate hepatic coagulation factors. Moreover, several studies have suggested that menaquinones, also known as vitamin K2, may be more effective in activating extra-hepatic vitamin K-dependent proteins than phylloquinone, also known as vitamin K1. Nevertheless, present dietary reference values (DRV) for vitamin K are exclusively based on phylloquinone, and its function in coagulation. The present review describes the current knowledge on menaquinones based on the following criteria for setting DRV: optimal dietary intake; nutrient amount required to prevent deficiency, maintain optimal body stores and/or prevent chronic disease; factors influencing requirements such as absorption, metabolism, age and sex. Dietary intake of menaquinones accounts for up to 25 % of total vitamin K intake and contributes to the biological functions of vitamin K. However, menaquinones are different from phylloquinone with respect to their chemical structure and pharmacokinetics, which affects bioavailability, metabolism and perhaps impact on health outcomes. There are significant gaps in the current knowledge on menaquinones based on the criteria for setting DRV. Therefore, we conclude that further investigations are needed to establish how differences among the vitamin K forms may influence tissue specificities and their role in human health. However, there is merit for considering both menaquinones and phylloquinone when developing future recommendations for vitamin K intake.
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Isnaeni, Isnaeni, Baladika Sukma Zufara, and Ismira Wahyu Lestari Lewa. "ALTERNATIVE OPTICAL METHODS FOR QUALITATIVE DETECTION OF VITAMIN B6 AND B12 OF BANANA." Jurnal Teknologi dan Industri Pangan 31, no. 2 (December 2020): 147–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.6066/jtip.2020.31.2.147.
Full textAbstract:
Bananas are known to contain fiber and vitamins essential for human body. Thus, the ability to detect these of vitamin in bananas is crucial. Information in the vitamin content of can affect procedures for harverst and post-harvest process. Methods to determine the nutrition content of foods are usually carried out using High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC). However, this method requires complex sample preparation and chemical reaction processes. Due to this weakness, alternative techniques are needed to detect vitamin in simple ways. In this study, a simple, easy and fast methods to determine the vitamin content of banana was developed. Using reflectance and photoluminence spectroscopy, the vitamin of bananas from five different species were able to be identified. From the reflectance spectra results, two peaks were observed, the first peak at a wavelength of 325 nm is the absorption peak of vitamin B6 and the second peak at 450 nm is the absorption peak of vitamin B12. From the photoluminence spectra using excitation wavelength at 325 nm, an emission peak was found at wavelength 450 nm which is the peak emission from vitamin B6. These results proved that by using the methods proposed, the detection of vitamins in bananas can be done in an easy and simple ways.
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Gimmel, Angela, Katrin Baumgartner, Sandra Bäckert, Anja Tschudin, Barbara Lang, Anna Hein, Sandra Marcordes, Fabia Wyss, Christian Wenker, and Annette Liesegang. "Effects of Storage Time and Thawing Method on Selected Nutrients in Whole Fish for Zoo Animal Nutrition." Animals 12, no. 20 (October 19, 2022): 2847. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ani12202847.
Full textAbstract:
Piscivores in human care receive whole fish that were frozen, stored and thawed before feeding. Nutrient losses have been documented, but exact changes during storage and with different thawing methods are unknown. Primarily, it was hypothesized that frozen fish lose different vitamins and trace minerals during a storage period of six months. Secondly, that different thawing methods have a significant influence on the degree of vitamin loss. Three fish species, herring (Clupeus harengus), mackerel (Scomber scombrus) and capelin (Mallotus villosus) were analyzed at four time points within a storage period of 6 months at −20 °C. At each time point, three thawing methods were applied: thawing in a refrigerator (R), thawing at room temperature (RT), and thawing under running water (RW). The following nutrients were analyzed: vitamin A, B1, D3 and E, iron (Fe), copper (Cu), zinc (Zn) and selenium (Se). The statistical method used was a linear mixed effect model. Cu was below detection limits in all analyzed samples, vitamin B1 in most analyzed herring (44/48 samples) and capelin (in 25/36 samples), respectively. In addition, the vitamin D3 concentration was also below detection limits in half of the capelin samples (18/36). No concentration changes of Fe (p = 0.616), Zn (p = 0.686) or Se (p = 0.148) were observed during a storage period of six months, in contrast to a significant decrease in vitamin A (p = 0.019), D3 (p = 0.034) and E (p = 0.003) concentrations. Thawing fish with different thawing methods did not result in concentration changes of Fe (p = 0.821), Zn (p = 0.549) or Se (p = 0.633), but in a significant concentration change of vitamin A (p = 0.002). It is essential to supplement vitamins B1 and E in diets containing whole fish to avoid deficiencies in piscivorous species, and care should be taken not to store fish longer than six months, due to the depletion of vitamins A, D3 and E.