Academic literature on the topic 'Vitamin B complex in human nutrition'
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Journal articles on the topic "Vitamin B complex in human nutrition"
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Vincenzetti, Silvia, Giuseppe Santini, Valeria Polzonetti, Stefania Pucciarelli, Yulia Klimanova, and Paolo Polidori. "Vitamins in Human and Donkey Milk: Functional and Nutritional Role." Nutrients 13, no. 5 (2021): 1509. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu13051509.
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Background: Whole milk is a good source of all the nutrients, and it also contains a sufficient number of vitamins to permit regular the growth of the neonate. Dairy cow milk can create allergy in infants less than 12 months old because of the high caseins and β-lactoglobulin content. In these circumstances, donkey milk can represent a good replacement for dairy cows’ milk in children affected by Cow Milk Protein Allergy (CMPA) because of its close chemical composition with human milk, mainly due to its low protein and low mineral content. Milk vitamin content is highly variable among mammalian species and it is strictly correlated with the vitamin status and the diet administered to the mother. Fat-soluble vitamins content in donkey milk is, on average, lower compared to ruminants’ milk, while vitamin C content determined in donkey milk is higher compared to dairy cows’ milk, showing a great similarity with human milk. In donkey milk, the content of vitamins of the B-complex such as thiamine, riboflavin, niacin, pyridoxine, and folic acid is higher compared to human milk. The use of donkey milk as a new functional food must be further evaluated in interdisciplinary clinical trials in which pediatricians, dietitians, and food scientists must be involved to deepen the knowledge about the positive health impact of donkey milk in different sensitive people, especially children and the elderly.
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Pawlak, Roman, Paul Vos, Setareh Shahab-Ferdows, Daniela Hampel, Lindsay H. Allen, and Maryanne Tigchelaar Perrin. "Vitamin B-12 content in breast milk of vegan, vegetarian, and nonvegetarian lactating women in the United States." American Journal of Clinical Nutrition 108, no. 3 (2018): 525–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ajcn/nqy104.
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ABSTRACT Background The nutritional profile of human milk varies significantly between women, and the impact of maternal diet on these variations is not well understood. Objective We analyzed breast-milk vitamin B-12 concentration and vitamin B-12 supplement use pattern among women who adhered to different dietary patterns: vegan, vegetarian, and nonvegetarian. Design A total of 74 milk samples, 29 from vegan, 19 from vegetarian, and 26 from nonvegetarian breastfeeding mothers, were analyzed. Results The prevalences of low vitamin B-12 (<310 pmol/L) were 19.2% for vegans, 18.2% for vegetarians, and 15.4% for nonvegetarians, which was not significant by diet group (P = 1.00). The median (quartile 1, quartile 3) vitamin B-12 values were 558 pmol/L (331, 759 pmol/L) for vegans, 509 pmol/L (368, 765 pmol/L) for vegetarians, and 444 pmol/L (355, 777 pmol/L) for nonvegetarians (P = 0.890). The use of individual vitamin B-12 supplements was higher in vegans (46.2%) than in vegetarians (27.3%) and nonvegetarians (3.9%) (P = 0.001). In linear regression analysis, the use of individual vitamin B-12 supplements was a significant positive predictor of milk vitamin B-12 concentration (β ± SE: 172.9 ± 75.2; standardized β = 0.263; P = 0.024; R2 = 0.069), the use of a multivitamin had a significant negative relation with milk vitamin B-12 concentrations (β ± SE −222.0 ± 98.7; standardized β = −0.258; P = 0.028, R2 = 0.067;), whereas the use of a B-complex vitamin and prenatal vitamin were not predictive of vitamin B-12 milk concentration (P > 0.05). Conclusions Almost 20% of our study participants were classified as having low breast-milk vitamin B-12 concentrations (<310 pmol/L), independent of maternal diet pattern. Approximately 85% of participants categorized as having low vitamin B-12 were taking vitamin B-12 supplements at doses in excess of the Recommended Dietary Allowance, which suggests that more research is needed to determine breast-milk adequacy values.
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Coburn, Stephen, Joel Stauffer, Kimberley Grobien, Beomjin Kim, and Douglas Townsend. "A Physiologically Based Pharmacokinetic (PBPK) Model of Vitamin B-6 Metabolism in the Mouse Incorporated With Visualization of Complex Compartmental Models." Current Developments in Nutrition 5, Supplement_2 (2021): 1307. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/cdn/nzab059_008.
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Abstract Objectives To develop a compartmental model which describes vitamin B-6 metabolism in the blood and tissues of the mouse under a variety of circumstances and to develop a computer application which can utilize the data to display the movement of tracer through the various compartments. Methods A circulation model was developed. Literature data from vitamin B-6 feeding studies and tracer experiments were used to develop an appropriate compartmental model using the SAAM II program (The Epsilon Group, Charlottesville, VA). A web-based application transforms the mass and flux data into intuitive and interactive graphical illustrations. Results Describing the interconversions between pyridoxine, pyridoxine 5’-phosphate, pyridoxal, pyridoxal 5’-phosphate, pyridoxamine, pyridoxamine 5’-phosphate and 4-pyridoxic acid in multiple tissues required 231 compartments. The largest amount of data deals with liver and brain. The model includes less detailed information on plasma, erythrocytes, gut, bone, muscle, heart, kidney, skin, adipose tissue and lung. The model includes adjustments to food intake, water intake, cardiac output, binding sites and Vmax values for enzymes based on the specified body weight of experimental animals. We did not include growth curves at this time. The model uses two parallel systems to monitor the steady state of endogenous metabolites as well as following tracer administration. Binding mechanisms are included to provide conservation of vitamin B-6 when intake is reduced. The model provides reasonable agreement with literature data on various vitamin B-6 intakes as well as oral and intravenous administration of tracer. It also reveals some areas which need clarification. For example, we have not found any detailed analysis of vitamin B-6 metabolites in mouse urine. There is little pyridoxic acid in plasma or urine suggesting that pyridoxic acid may not be the primary end product for vitamin B-6 in the mouse. The visualization application shows changes in the content of all 231 compartments over time illustrating the value of such computer applications in the interpretation of large, complex models. Conclusions This model facilitates the simulation of various dietary and physiological conditions on vitamin B-6 metabolism in mice. We hope to adapt it to rats, pigs and humans. Funding Sources Purdue University Fort Wayne.
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KASSIMBEKOVA, Mereke, Anar KALIYEVA, Bekbossyn KASSYMBAYEV, Galiya MEDEUOVA, and Nurgul MAMYTOVA. "BIOLOGICAL FEATURES OF MEDICINAL PLANT ELAEAGNUS RHAMNOIDES GROWING AT SOUTH-EAST OF KAZAKHSTAN." Periódico Tchê Química 17, no. 36 (2020): 334–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.52571/ptq.v17.n36.2020.349_periodico36_pgs_334_345.pdf.
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Elaeagnus rhamnoides berries contain significant amounts of bioactive vitamins, lipids, carotenoids, and phenolic compounds. They are widely used as an ingredient in functional products, cosmetics, and pharmaceutical formulations to prevent and treat cardiovascular, stomach, skin, and liver diseases. Natural sea buckthorn populations are widespread in Kazakhstan. Data on phytochemical and diagnostic indicators are absent for E. rhamnoides growing in Kazakhstan. In this work, seaberry from Kazakhstan was surveyed for diagnostic indicators, lipophilic and hydrophilic compounds. Analyses were conducted for main diagnostic indicators of leaves and fruits by standard microtechniques; fatty acid profiles by gas-chromatography; β-carotene by HPLCPDA; vitamin C and B by capillary electrophoresis, and pectin substances by titration. The main diagnostic indicators of leaves were stomatal anomocytic complex; corymbose and stellate hairs; conductive bundle - closed collateral; fruits - secretory passages and conducting bundles of a spiral type in the pulp parenchyma, and a large amount of fatty oil and aleuron grains in the embryo. In the oil from berry pulp/peel, the dominating fatty acids were palmitoleic and palmitic (28.53 and 30.03 %, respectively). Sea buckthorn seed oil, with its high a-linolenic levels and a near 1:1 ratio of ω-6:ω-3 fatty acids, represented a very balanced source of polyunsaturated fatty acids for human health and nutrition. β-Carotene content was 7.75 mg per kg, pectin substances – 3.27 %. In addition, the berries were rich in vitamins B complex (0.0035-0.014 mg/100g) and vitamin C (0.21 mg/100g). This work constitutes the first approach on knowledge about the phytochemical profile of Elaeagnus rhamnoides fruits from Kazakhstan and provides arguments multiple using of E. rhamnoides, both for fresh consumption and for industrial preparations in the form of jams and related products (functional multivitamin food) as well as byproducts (seeds) as raw materials for the production of oils suitable to be marketed by the pharmaceutical, cosmetic and food industries.
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Shipra, Kumari. "To Study the Adoption Level of Rural Women after getting Training on Mushroom Cultivation." International Journal of Advances in Agricultural Science and Technology 1, no. 1 (2013): 125–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.47856/ijaast.2013.v01i1.002.
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Oyster mushrooms are the third largest cultivated mushroom in the world. China is the world leader in oyster production, contributes nearly 85 per cent of the total world production of about a million tons (Das and Kalita, 2006). The economic importance of the mushroom lies primarily in its use a food for human consumption. Mushroom cultivation can directly improve livelihoods through economic, nutritional and medicinal contributions. Mushroom is a popular food due to their special flavour, nutritive value and medicinal properties. It is rich in vitamin C and B complex and the protein content varies between 1.6 to 2.5 per cent. It has most of the mineral salts required by the human body. The niacin content is about ten times higher than any other vegetables. It has been reported by Rop et al. (2009) and Manikandan (2010). They provide high quality fats and low in carbohydrates and cholesterol, which is ideal for reducing body weight (Qumio et al., 1990)
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Shipra, Kumari. "To Study the Adoption Level of Rural Women after getting Training on Mushroom Cultivation." International Journal of Advances in Agricultural Science and Technology 1, no. 1 (2013): 125–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.47856/ijaast.2021.v01i1.002.
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Oyster mushrooms are the third largest cultivated mushroom in the world. China is the world leader in oyster production, contributes nearly 85 per cent of the total world production of about a million tons (Das and Kalita, 2006). The economic importance of the mushroom lies primarily in its use a food for human consumption. Mushroom cultivation can directly improve livelihoods through economic, nutritional and medicinal contributions. Mushroom is a popular food due to their special flavour, nutritive value and medicinal properties. It is rich in vitamin C and B complex and the protein content varies between 1.6 to 2.5 per cent. It has most of the mineral salts required by the human body. The niacin content is about ten times higher than any other vegetables. It has been reported by Rop et al. (2009) and Manikandan (2010). They provide high quality fats and low in carbohydrates and cholesterol, which is ideal for reducing body weight (Qumio et al., 1990)
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Ursachi, Claudiu Ștefan, Simona Perța-Crișan, and Florentina-Daniela Munteanu. "Strategies to Improve Meat Products’ Quality." Foods 9, no. 12 (2020): 1883. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/foods9121883.
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Meat products represent an important component of the human diet, their consumption registering a global increase over the last few years. These foodstuffs constitute a good source of energy and some nutrients, such as essential amino acids, high biological value proteins, minerals like iron, zinc, selenium, manganese and B-complex vitamins, especially vitamin B12. On the other hand, nutritionists have associated high consumption of processed meat with an increased risk of several diseases. Researchers and processed meat producers are involved in finding methods to eliminate nutritional deficiencies and potentially toxic compounds, to obtain healthier products and at the same time with no affecting the sensorial quality and safety of the meat products. The present review aims to summarize the newest trends regarding the most important methods that can be applied to obtain high-quality products. Nutritional enrichment with natural bioactive plant compounds (antioxidants, dietary fibers) or probiotics, reduction of harmful components (salt, nitrate/nitrite, N-nitrosamines) and the use of alternative technologies (high-pressure processing, cold plasma, ultrasounds) are the most used current strategies to accomplish this aim.
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Kumar, Krishan. "Nutraceutical Potential and Processing Aspects of Oyster Mushrooms (PleurotusSpecies)." Current Nutrition & Food Science 16, no. 1 (2020): 3–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1573401314666181015111724.
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Background:Oyster mushrooms (Pleurotus species) have gained considerable attention of food technologist and nutritionist for their nutraceutical properties. Oyster mushrooms are considered as functional foods due to their richness in functional food ingredients. In recent times, consumption of these mushrooms has increased considerably due to their numerous health benefits. These are potential sources of bioactive components, which are sufficient enough for prevention and treatment of various lifestyle diseases. There are about 200 different species in the genus Pleurotus and these are commonly referred to as “oyster mushrooms”.Objective:The study aimed to grasp a collective information on nutraceutical and processing aspects of highly perishable but nutritious oyster mushroomResults:Pleurotus ostreatus is the most commonly consumed species all over the world due to its superior flavor, taste and nutraceutical properties. It acts as a source of natural antioxidants which might be beneficial for human health in preventing or reducing oxidative damage. Nutritionally, these species are rich sources of proteins, dietary fibres, β-glucan, vitamin B-complex, vitamin C and minerals. They contain higher proportions of certain amino acids such as methionine, cystine and aspartic acid than other edible mushrooms. Oyster mushrooms have been reported to possess hypocholesterolemic, anti-bacterial, anti-diabetic, anti-oxidant, anti-arthritic, anti-carcinogenic, hepatoprotective, anti-viral activities and act as natural resources of immunotherapy activities. The use of these mushrooms can overcome the deficiency of protein in the developing countries where there is unavailability or unacceptability of good quality proteins from animal sources because of religious restrictions.Conclusion:Because of the occurrence of abundant nutritional ingredients and other bioactive components in P. ostreatus, they have a great scope as a potential source for the development of functional or specialty foods for value addition of deficient foods so as to alleviate the nutritional deficiency diseases from society.
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Barnard, Neal D., and Frédéric Leroy. "Children and adults should avoid consuming animal products to reduce risk for chronic disease: YES." American Journal of Clinical Nutrition 112, no. 4 (2020): 926–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ajcn/nqaa235.
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ABSTRACT The consumption of animal products exposes humans to saturated fat, cholesterol, lactose, estrogens, and pathogenic microorganisms, while displacing fiber, complex carbohydrates, antioxidants, and other components needed for health. In the process, consumption of animal products increases the risk for cardiovascular disease, cancer, diabetes, obesity, and other disorders. This dietary pattern also promotes the growth of unhealthful gut bacteria, fostering, among other things, the production of trimethylamine N-oxide, a proinflammatory compound associated with cardiovascular and neurological diseases. When omnivorous individuals change to a plant-based diet, diet quality as measured by the Alternate Healthy Eating Index improves, and the risk of these health problems diminishes. Planning for nutrient adequacy is important with any diet. However, a diet based on vegetables, fruits, whole grains, and legumes, supplemented with vitamin B-12, is nutritionally superior to diets including animal products and is healthful for children and adults.
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Watanabe-Kamiyama, Mari, Shin Kamiyama, Kimiko Horiuchi, et al. "Antihypertensive effect of biotin in stroke-prone spontaneously hypertensive rats." British Journal of Nutrition 99, no. 4 (2008): 756–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0007114507841122.
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Biotin is a member of the vitamin B-complex family. Biotin deficiency has been associated with hyperglycaemia and insulin resistance in animals and humans. In the present study, we investigated the pharmacological effects of biotin on hypertension in the stroke-prone spontaneously hypertensive rat (SHRSP) strain. We observed that long-term administration of biotin decreased systolic blood pressure in the SHRSP strain; also, a single dose of biotin immediately decreased systolic blood pressure in this strain. Pretreatment with the guanylate cyclase inhibitor 1H-[1,2,4]oxadiazole [4,3-α]quinoxalin-1-one abolished the hypotensive action of biotin in the SHRSP strain, while pretreatment with the NO synthase inhibitor NG-nitro-l-arginine methyl ester had no effect on the action of biotin. Biotin reduced coronary arterial thickening and the incidence of stroke in the SHRSP strain. These results suggest that the pharmacological dose of biotin decreased the blood pressure of the SHRSP via an NO-independent direct activation of soluble guanylate cyclase. Our findings reveal the beneficial effects of biotin on hypertension and the incidence of stroke.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Vitamin B complex in human nutrition"
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Chaomuangbon, Sunthorn. "The Response of Elderly People to a B-6 Supplement." Thesis, North Texas State University, 1985. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc500731/.
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Vitamin B-6 status was examined in a group of 46 elderly subjects who were selected from nursing home residents, hospital patients, and free living individuals in Denton County. Subjects were limited to men and women over 60 years of age. Erythrocyte aspartate aminotransferase stimulation with pyridoxal phosphate (in-vitro) was studied as the biochemical criterion of vitamin B-6 status. The pyridoxine status of these 46 subjects (the reference group) was measured in order to be able to identify people with a relatively poor B-6 status. A sub-group of the reference group was composed of 4 subjects who took B-6 supplements (supplemented group). There was no significant difference (0.05 level) in the basal activity, stimulated activity, percentage stimulation, or body weight, after treatment with 10 mg pyridoxine hydrochloride for 4 weeks, even though all 4 subjects had an improved B-6 status (based on percentage stimulation) after taking the supplement. The data indicated that of the 4 subjects tested, 2 showed a large change in the basal activity, stimulated activity, and percentage stimulation. The lack of significant difference (0.05 level) was probably due to a small sample size. One subject reported an increased appetite and body weight after treatment with pyridoxine.
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Santschi, Debora. "Fate of B-complex vitamins in the gastrointestinal tract of dairy cows." Thesis, McGill University, 2004. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=81432.
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Three experiments were conducted to characterize the fate of B-vitamins in the gastrointestinal tract of dairy cows. Experiment 1 was undertaken to verify if differences among published studies could be explained by methods of collection and preparation of ruminal fluid, using four ruminally cannulated non-lactating Holstein cows. Acidification of fresh ruminal fluid, causing the lysis of bacterial cells, yielded higher B-vitamin concentrations than differential centrifugation, while the method of collection used did not have an important impact. Results suggested that most of the vitamins are present in the bacterial fractions, and that only limited amounts are present in the surrounding fluid. Experiment 2 looked at the vitamin concentrations in ruminal bacterial fractions and particle-free fluid as influenced by diet composition. Six lactating ruminally cannulated Holstein cows were used in a cross-over design, and the diets were formulated to have forage to concentrate ratios of 60:40 (high-forage) and 40:60 (low-forage). B-vitamins were present mainly in the bacterial fractions of the rumen, with greater effects of the forage to concentrate ratio on vitamin concentrations in the bacteria associated to the solid fraction than on those present in the liquid portion of the rumen. These results strongly suggested that ruminal B-vitamin synthesis is influenced by the forage to concentrate ratio. Experiment 3 investigated the fate of supplementary B-vitamins, using four cows equipped with cannulae in the rumen, the proximal duodenum and the distal ileum. Extensive losses of dietary supplements appeared prior to the duodenum for all vitamins, but intestinal disappearance rates of most vitamins were increased by supplementation.
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Powell, Lisa. "Effects of various diets on vitamin B-6 and cholesterol levels in ten men aged 21-37." Virtual Press, 1990. http://liblink.bsu.edu/uhtbin/catkey/722433.
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Vitamin B-6 is a vitamin often promoted by the popular press as a cure all. It's role is also being studied in regard to pre-menstrual syndrome, myocardial infarction and alterations in lipid and fatty acid metabolism. This study was designed to investigate whether there was a difference between vitamin B-6 blood levels, during a baseline study, a period of vitamin B-6 depletion and vitamin B-6 supplemention in ten men ages 21-37. The effect of each diet on total cholesterol was also investigated.The experimentally accessible population for this study Laboratory as part of a larger study conducted by Dr. Stephen Coburn of the Fort Wayne State Developmental Center.Analysis of the data indicated:1) A significant difference between red blood cell pyridoxal phosphate and blood plasma levels of vitamin B-6 during the baseline, depletion and supplementation phases in ten men 21-37.2) Total serum cholesterol levels fell significantly through all phases of the study. High density lipoproteins fell significantly during the depletion phase but did not rise significantly during the supplementation phase. Low density lipoproteins showed no significant difference during the three phases of the study. When dietary records were evaluated mean dietary intake during the baseline and supplementation phases of the diet met the Recommended Dietary Allowance (RDA) for vitamin B-6. Mean protein intake also met the RDA with 102.1 grams during the baseline phase and 106.1 grams during the supplementation phase. These intakes are consistent with those found in previous studies conducted by the USDA. Mean intake of fat was lower than the 30 percent of calories recommended by the American Heart Association but wide variation existed among subjects.No physical symptoms of vitamin B-6 deficiency manifested themselves during the study. Subjects reported no other problems associated with low vitamin B-6 intakes.The data indicated that vitamin B-6 intake effects the amount of red blood cell plasma pyridoxal phosphate and plasma vitamin B-6. No clear effect can be found between vitamin B-6 intake and serum cholesterol levels. "Normal" diets also appeared to provide adequate vitamin B-6 to meet both RDA's and somatic needs. Wide variation seems to exist, however, among individuals.<br>Department of Home Economics
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Chrisley, Barbara Mc. "Separation and quantitation of the seven forms of vitamin B-6 in plasma and 4-pyridoxic acid in urine of adolescent girls by reverse phase high performance liquid chromatography." Diss., Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, 1988. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/53934.
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The vitamin B-6 status of seemingly healthy adolescent girls was determined using several accepted and proposed parameters in an effort to establish guidelines for status evaluation. HPLC-derived plasma B-6 vitamer [pyridoxal phosphate (PLP), pyridoxine phosphate (PNP), pyridoxamine phosphate (PMP), pyridoxal (PL), pyridoxine (PN), and pyridoxamine (PM)] and 4-pyridoxic acid (4-PA) concentrations and urinary 4-PA levels of 28 white adolescent females, 12-15 years, having radiomonitored plasma PLP concentrations and coenzyme stimulation of erythrocyte alanine aminotransferase activities indicative of adequate status were determined. Mean daily vitamin B-6 and protein intakes of the subjects were 1.48 mg and 78.3 g, respectively. The ranges for plasma B-6 vitamer and 4-PA concentrations for these subjects which had seemingly adequate vitamin B-6 status were as follows: (nmol/L) PLP, 40.9-122.2; PNP, 0-16.1; PMP, 0-8.1; PL, 0- 15.0; PN, 0-21.9; PM, 0-17.8; and 4-PA, 0-55.7. PLP was the predominant plasma B-6 vitamer as well as being the only vitamer found in plasma of all subjects. Urinary 4-PA concentrations of the girls ranged from 0.11-2.50 pmol/mmol creatinine. The B-6 vitamer values of these white adolescent girls should be of use in the establishment of normal ranges for vitamin B-6 status parameters. HPLC methodologies seem to be advantageous for the rapid and accurate assessment of vitamin B-6 status.<br>Ph. D.
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Morkel, Ryan Andrew. "Vitamin B12 and folate enrichment of kefir by Propionibacterium freudenreichii and Streptococcus thermophilus strains." Thesis, Cape Peninsula University of Technology, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11838/2339.
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Thesis (MTech (Food Technology))--Cape Peninsula University of Technology, 2016.<br>In South Africa malnutrition exists due to inadequate dietary intake of micronutrients which is one of the major causes of vitamin deficiencies leading to disease. The treatment of malnutrition over the past years has been a considerable burden on the South African economy. Therefore, food fortification is one of the current strategies used to minimize malnutrition by increasing the nutritional value of staple foods.
Commercial dairy products and pharmaceutical nutritional products (food supplements) in South Africa have been developed and produced for affluent consumers. Hence the need to develop an affordable fortified dairy product for the majority of South Africans prompted this study aimed at using a “naturally” fortified kefir beverage with vitamin B12 and folate to increase B-vitamins levels.
Since Propionibacterium freudenreichii and Streptococcus thermophilus are known to be good producers of vitamin B12 and folate, respectively, and propionibacteria has the ability to grow symbiotically in the presence of lactic acid bacteria, the inclusion of these organisms with the kefir grains was an achievable objective. In order to conduct the analysis of vitamin B12 and folate in the samples, sample extraction and HPLC assay techniques were developed. The extraction of vitamin B12 and folate were achieved by using KCN extraction buffer and the trienzymatic method, respectively. The samples were also subjected to purification and concentration using solid phase extraction for optimum results. All standards and samples were flushed with nitrogen gas and stored for a maximum of 2 weeks at –20°C to prevent B-vitamin deterioration. The HPLC assembly for the vitamin B12 analysis included a Luna C18 column and a diode array detector (DAD) for the detection and quantification. For the folate analysis it included a Zorbax SB-C18 and Luna C18 columns in tandem and the fluorescence detector (FLD) was used for the detection and quantification of THF, 5-CH3-THF and 5-CHO-THF, while the DAD was used for PGA and pteroyltri-γ-L-glutamic acid concentration in the samples.
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Murphy, Stephanie A. "Effects of selenium and vitamin B-6 on growth of chemically- induced transplanted tumors in BALB/c inbred mice." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 1989. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/43906.
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Male weanling inbred, mice were inoculated with
fibrosarcoma cells (hindquarter) originally produced by 2-methylcholanthrene. Before inoculation, mice were randomly divided into three groups of 24 and one of 12
(control). After a one week acclimation period, each group was fed a diet containing either suboptimal vitamin B-6, 0.5 mg/kg diet; adequate, 7.0 mg/kg diet; or excess, 100 mg/kg diet. Controls were fed the adequate vitamin. B-6 diet. Twenty-four hours after
tumor cell inoculation, a series of sodium selenite injections (0.5 μg/.10 mL) were given to half of each treatment group and all controls. Mice were sacrificed
two wk after tumor inoculation. Tumors were excised and weighed. Selenium-treated mice had significantly smaller tumors as compared to untreated mice regardless
of vitamin B-6 treatment. The smallest tumors were
found in the selenium-treated group maintained on
adequate B-6, while the largest tumors were developed
by mice on the excess B-6 diet without selenium treatments.
All groups had similar blood selenium levels as
measured by gas chromatography. Tumor selenium levels,
analyzed by atomic absorption, were significantly
higher for untreated groups than selenium-treated
groups (larger tumor size). The excess and adequate
vitamin B-6 selenium-treated groups had significantly
lower tumor selenium levels than the adequate vitamin
B-6 untreated group. Plasma pyridoxal phosphate
(concentrations) determined radiometrically and tumor
vitamin B-6 levels determined microbiologically, related directly to dietary treatments. Sodium selenite
injections and adequate vitamin B-6 diets reduced the
size of fibrosarcomas in BALB/c inbred mice.<br>Master of Science
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Goetz, Hilary Jane. "Development and application of an HPLC-MS/MS method for the characterization and quantification of a-retinyl esters and vitamin A in human plasma after consumption of a-carotene." The Ohio State University, 2014. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1408551701.
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Germano, Romilda Maria de Arruda. "Disponibilidade de ferro na presença do B-Caroteno e o efeito dos interferentes em combinações de alimentos." Universidade de São Paulo, 2002. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/11/11141/tde-19082002-152718/.
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No mundo as deficiências de ferro e de vitamina A atingem números alarmantes, afetando tanto a população com nível sócio-econômico mais baixo quanto aqueles mais favorecidos. O presente trabalho teve por objetivos avaliar a disponibilidade de ferro na presença do b-caroteno em combinações de alimentos fontes de ferro (espinafre, feijão e ovo) e de b-caroteno (cenoura, abóbora e couve), de custo relativamente baixo, as quais originaram nove misturas, assim denominadas: M1= ovo e abóbora; M2= espinafre e abóbora; M3= espinafre e couve; M4= ovo e couve; M5= espinafre e cenoura; M6= ovo e cenoura; M7= feijão e cenoura; M8= feijão e abóbora e M9= feijão e couve. As misturas, após cocção foram analisadas quanto à composição centesimal, teor de ácido oxálico, ácido fítico, taninos, minerais, diálise de ferro in vitro e determinação do teor de b-caroteno. Os dados foram analisados estatisticamente (Tukey 5%), pelo programa SAS. As misturas M1, M4 e M6 apresentaram o menor teor de fibra, com 1,32, 1,35 e 1,54 g/100g e os maiores resultados para proteína, 6,80, 7,13 e 6,59 g/100g respectivamente, como também para extrato etéreo 4,77, 4,79 e 5,73 g/100g. O teor de ácido oxálico variou de 0,14 a 0,27%, sendo que as misturas com espinafre apresentaram os maiores resultados; o teor de ácido fítico variou de 0,00 a 1,03 mg/g, sendo que as maiores concentrações predominaram nas amostras com feijão; o teor de taninos variou de 0,01 a 0,14 apresentando maiores teores, nas misturas com espinafre.O b-caroteno apresentou teores variando de 4,62 a 26,10 mg/100g. Quanto aos minerais observou-se variações de 0,19 a 1,00 g/Kg para fósforo; 0,82 a 1,37 g/Kg para potássio; 0,17 a 0,92 g/Kg para cálcio; 0,03 a 0,18 g/Kg para magnésio; 0,19 a 0,93g/Kg para enxofre; 0,00 a 0,65 mg/Kg para o cobre; 6,87 a 14,99 mg/Kg para o ferro; 0,00 a 13,08 mg/Kg para manganês e 2,88 a 7,16 mg/Kg para o zinco. A diálise de ferro apresentou variações de 3,39 a 31,11% , sendo que o melhor resultado apresentou-se na M6. Pode-se concluir que a fibra atuou como fator limitante na absorção do ferro. E, misturas com ovo, principalmente a M6, aumentaram a disponibilidade do ferro, sendo que, a proteína e o extrato etéreo atuaram de forma mais significativa no aumento da absorção, quando comparados ao b-caroteno.<br>In the world, iron deficiency and vitamin A deficiency reach alarming numbers, affecting population with level economic-social lower as well as people in better positions. This research aims to estimate the iron availability in the presence of b-carotene in food mixtures irons sources (spinach, bean and egg) and b-carotenes sources (carrot, pumpkin and cabbage), with low prices, that have resulted nine mixtures, denominated: M1= egg and pumpkin; M2= spinach and pumpkin; M3= spinach and cabbage; M4= egg and cabbage; M5= spinach and carrot; M6= egg and carrot; M7= bean and carrot; M8= bean and pumpkin and M9= bean and cabbage. In this food mixtures, after cooking, were studied proximate composition, levels of oxalic acid, phytic acid, tannin, minerals, in vitro dialyzability of iron and levels of b-carotene. The statistical analysis was determinate (Tukey 5%) by SAS System. The food mixtures M1, M4, M6 showed low levels of dietetic fiber, 1,32, 1,35, 1,54 g/100g and the bigger results to protein 6,80, 7,13, 6,59 g/100g and to crude fat 4,77, 4,79, 5,73 g/100g, respectively. The oxalic acid ranges to 0,14 from 0,27%, with bigger results in food mixtures with spinach; phytic acid ranges to 0,00 from 1,03 mg/g, with high levels in beans samples; the tannin ranges to 0,01 from 0,14 with high levels in spinachs samples. b-carotene showed levels ranges to 4,62 from 26,10 mg/100g. With regard to minerals, its ranges to 0,19 from 1,00 g/Kg in phosphorus; to 0,82 from 1,37 g/Kg in potassium; to 0,17 from 0,92 g/Kg in calcium; to 0,03 from 0,18 g/Kg in magnesium; to 0,19 from 0,93g/Kg in sulfur; to 0,00 from 0,65 mg/Kg in cupper; to 6,87 from 14,99 mg/Kg in iron; 0,00 a 13,08 mg/Kg in manganese and to 2,88 from 7,16 mg/Kg in zinc. In vitro dialyzability of iron ranges to 3,39 from 31,11%, and the best result was M6. Its concluded that dietetic fiber was an inhibitor in the irons absorption. And, food mixtures with egg, mainly M6 (egg and carrot), increased iron availability and that crude protein and crude fat were more significant in absorptions increase than b-carotene.
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Hansen, Christine M. 1953. "Effect of vitamin B-6 intake, protein intake and bioavailability on vitamin B-6 status for women." Thesis, 1995. http://hdl.handle.net/1957/27152.
Full textAbstract:
Four studies were conducted to evaluate the effect of varying levels of vitamin
B-6 (B6), protein and pyridoxine glucoside (PNG) on B6 status and requirements of
women. In the first two studies, women were fed a constant protein diet and vitamin
B-6 intakes of 0.84 to 2.39 mg/d during 10- to 15-day experimental periods.
Significant differences among intake levels were found in urinary 4-pyridoxic acid
(4PA) and total vitamin B-6 (UB6), plasma pyridoxal 5'-phosphate (PLP) and total
vitamin B-6 (TB6), and urinary xanthurenic acid (XA) following a tryptophan load.
Significant correlations were found between B6 intake and 4PA, UB6, plasma PLP,
TB6, erythrocyte alanine aminotransferase (EALT) percent stimulation, and postload
urinary XA and volatile amines (VA, kynurenine plus acetylkynurenine). More than
1.33 mg B6/d (> 0.016 mg B6/g dietary protein) was required for adequate B6
status. In a third study, nine women were fed diets providing 1.25 mg B6/d and three
levels of protein (0.5, 1.0 and 2.0 g/kg body weight), for 14 days each. Significant
differences in urinary 4PA, plasma PLP, and postload urinary VA were found among protein levels. Nitrogen intake was significantly negatively correlated with urinary
4PA and plasma PLP, and positively correlated with EALT percent stimulation and
postload urinary kynuremc acid (KA), XA and VA. Compared to men in a previous
study, women excreted a greater percentage of B6 intake as 4PA, had lower plasma
PLP and greater amounts of postload urinary tryptophan metabolites. At least 0.020
mg B6/g protein was required for adequate status. In a fourth study, nine women
were fed diets with a high (27%) or low (9%) percentage of the B6 intake as
pyridoxine glucoside, a form known to have reduced bioavailability, for 18 days each.
Urinary 4PA and UB6, plasma TB6 and red blood cell PLP were significantly lower,
and fecal B6 was significantly higher during the high PNG diet. The decrease in B6
status indicators on the high PNG diet suggested a loss of 15 to 18% of the total B6
intake. Taking into account bioavailability and gender differences in the effect of
dietary protein, and including a safety margin, the RDA for B6 for women should be
at least 0.020 mg/g dietary protein.<br>Graduation date: 1996
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Ruhumba-Sindihebura, Pascaline. "The effect of vitamin B-6 supplementation on plant protein utilization in adults." Thesis, 1989. http://hdl.handle.net/1957/27041.
Full textAbstract:
We investigated the effect of pyridoxine
supplementation on the utilization of protein in a low-protein,
plant-based diet in four subjects (2 men and
2 women), aged 21 to 38 years. Following two days of a
negligible protein diet, this 34 day study was divided into
three dietary periods: the subjects received a low-protein,
plant-based diet during period I for 10 days (no pyridoxine
supplement), the same diet but with the addition of 50 mg
pyridoxine HCl during period II for 7 days, and their self-chosen
diets during period III for 15 days (no pyridoxine
supplement). Data for period III will be reported
elsewhere. The greatest portion of protein in the
experimental diet was furnished by pinto beans (1.02 g nitrogen) and peanut butter (0.86 g nitrogen); nitrogen
intake was kept constant at 4.56 g/d for the men and
4.15 g/d for the women during periods I and II. These
diets administered during periods I and II provided 0.907
mg of vitamin B-6 for the men and 0.758 mg of vitamin B-6
for the women and was adequate in other nutrients except
for protein.
Overall, the effect of 50 mg pyridoxine HC1
supplementation on the utilization of protein in a low-protein
plant-based diet was not statistically significant
(p > 0.05) on the basis of a paired t-test for the
parameters measured: nitrogen balance, apparent protein
digestibility, as well as plasma and urinary urea nitrogen.
Furthermore, we obtained conflicting results, when the
subjects received pyridoxine, their plasma urea nitrogen
increased slightly (suggesting increased protein
degradation), while the percent of total urinary nitrogen
excretion as urea nitrogen decreased (suggesting decreased
protein degradation). These changes were not statistically
significant, but limitations in the nitrogen balance
technique and the analytical procedures we used may have
contributed to these conflicting results. We suggest that
a longer study with more subjects may show a greater
improvement of plant protein utilization than we had
observed.<br>Graduation date: 1990
Books on the topic "Vitamin B complex in human nutrition"
1
B vitamins and folate: Chemistry, analysis, function and effects. Royal Society of Chemistry, 2012.
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2
Suzanne, LeVert, ed. Folic acid and the amazing B vitamins: A question-and-answer guide for women and men. Berkley Books, 2000.
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3
McCully, Kilmer S. The heart revolution: The extraordinary discovery that finally laid the cholesterol myth to rest. HarperPerennial, 2000.
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4
McCully, Kilmer S. The heart revolution: The B vitamin breakthrough that lowers homocysteine, cuts your risk of heart disease, and protects your health. HarperCollins, 1999.
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6
Wanping, Su, and Lin Tianlong, eds. Huo li wei sheng su B: Active vitamin B. Zhongguo qing gong ye chu ban she, 2006.
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Wanping, Su, and Lin Tianlong, eds. Yuan qi wei sheng su B. Ye zi chu ban gu fen you xian gong si, 2005.
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1943-, Reynolds Robert D., and Leklem James E. 1941-, eds. Vitamin B-6: Its role in health and disease : proceedings of a Conference on Vitamin B-6 Nutrition and Metabolism, held at the Banff Conference Centre, Banff, Alberta, Canada, October 8-10, 1984. Liss, 1985.
Find full textBook chapters on the topic "Vitamin B complex in human nutrition"
1
Ball, G. F. M. "Microbiological methods for the determination of the B-group vitamins." In Water-soluble Vitamin Assays in Human Nutrition. Springer US, 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-2061-0_7.
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Newby, P. K. "Water Dwellers." In Food and Nutrition. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/wentk/9780190846640.003.0017.
Full textAbstract:
What are the nutritional benefits of seafood? Like other animal foods, fish and shellfish are excellent sources of protein, as well as a number of B-complex vitamins, vitamin D, and minerals like iron, zinc, and selenium. There are five major categories of seafood. ...
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H. Al-Shekaili, Hilal, Clara van Karnebeek, and Blair R. Leavitt. "Vitamin B6 and Related Inborn Errors of Metabolism." In B-Complex Vitamins - Sources, Intakes and Novel Applications [Working Title]. IntechOpen, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.99751.
Full textAbstract:
Vitamin B6 (vitB6) is a generic term that comprises six interconvertible pyridine compounds. These vitB6 compounds (also called vitamers) are pyridoxine (PN), pyridoxamine (PM), pyridoxal (PL) and their 5′-phosphorylated forms pyridoxine 5′-phosphate (PNP), pyridoxamine 5′-phosphate (PMP) and pyridoxal 5′-phosphate (PLP). VitB6 is an essential nutrient for all living organisms, but only microorganisms and plants can carry out de novo synthesis of this vitamin. Other organisms obtain vitB6 from dietary sources and interconvert its different forms according to their needs via a biochemical pathway known as the salvage pathway. PLP is the biologically active form of vitB6 which is important for maintaining the biochemical homeostasis of the body. In the human body, PLP serves as a cofactor for more than 140 enzymatic reactions, mainly associated with synthesis, degradation and interconversion of amino acids and neurotransmitter metabolism. PLP-dependent enzymes are also involved in various physiological processes, including biologically active amine biosynthesis, lipid metabolism, heme synthesis, nucleic acid synthesis, protein and polyamine synthesis and several other metabolic pathways. PLP is an important vitamer for normal brain function since it is required as a coenzyme for the synthesis of several neurotransmitters including D-serine, D-aspartate, L-glutamate, glycine, γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA), serotonin, epinephrine, norepinephrine, histamine and dopamine. Intracellular levels of PLP are tightly regulated and conditions that disrupt this homeostatic regulation can cause disease. In humans, genetic and dietary (intake of high doses of vitB6) conditions leading to increase in PLP levels is known to cause motor and sensory neuropathies. Deficiency of PLP in the cell is also implicated in several diseases, the most notable example of which are the vitB6-dependent epileptic encephalopathies. VitB6-dependent epileptic encephalopathies (B6EEs) are a clinically and genetically heterogeneous group of rare inherited metabolic disorders. These debilitating conditions are characterized by recurrent seizures in the prenatal, neonatal, or postnatal period, which are typically resistant to conventional anticonvulsant treatment but are well-controlled by the administration of PN or PLP. In addition to seizures, children affected with B6EEs may also suffer from developmental and/or intellectual disabilities, along with structural brain abnormalities. Five main types of B6EEs are known to date, these are: PN-dependent epilepsy due to ALDH7A1 (antiquitin) deficiency (PDE-ALDH7A1) (MIM: 266100), hyperprolinemia type 2 (MIM: 239500), PLP-dependent epilepsy due to PNPO deficiency (MIM: 610090), hypophosphatasia (MIM: 241500) and PLPBP deficiency (MIM: 617290). This chapter provides a review of vitB6 and its different vitamers, their absorption and metabolic pathways in the human body, the diverse physiological roles of vitB6, PLP homeostasis and its importance for human health. Finally, the chapter reviews the inherited neurological disorders affecting PLP homeostasis with a special focus on vitB6-dependent epileptic encephalopathies (B6EEs), their different subtypes, the pathophysiological mechanism underlying each type, clinical and biochemical features and current treatment strategies.
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Sen, Saikat, and Raja Chakraborty. "Food in Health Preservation and Promotion." In Food Science and Nutrition. IGI Global, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-5225-5207-9.ch017.
Full textAbstract:
Association between food and health is complex. Healthy food can promote and maintain good human health. Healthy food and nutrition is a key regulating factor for boosting the immunity and therapeutic effectiveness of a treatment strategy. Oxidative stress is well involved in the pathogenesis of diverse diseases and aging. Food always considered as good source of nutrients, protein, fat, carbohydrates, vitamins, minerals and antioxidants. Consumed as part of a normal diet, phytochemicals present in food like vitamins (vitamin C & E), minerals (like, zinc, selenium), phytoconstituents (phenolic compounds, flavonoids, carotenoids) confer additional health benefits, by virtue of their antioxidant property. A diet rich that rich in antioxidant molecule reduces the risk of several oxidative stress related diseases. Numerous antioxidant molecules isolated from food showed the curative and health promotion effect. This chapter majorly deals with the role antioxidant/pro-oxidant substances present in different foods on human body.
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Sen, Saikat, and Raja Chakraborty. "Food in Health Preservation and Promotion." In Advances in Environmental Engineering and Green Technologies. IGI Global, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-5225-0591-4.ch013.
Full textAbstract:
Association between food and health is complex. Healthy food can promote and maintain good human health. Healthy food and nutrition is a key regulating factor for boosting the immunity and therapeutic effectiveness of a treatment strategy. Oxidative stress is well involved in the pathogenesis of diverse diseases and aging. Food always considered as good source of nutrients, protein, fat, carbohydrates, vitamins, minerals and antioxidants. Consumed as part of a normal diet, phytochemicals present in food like vitamins (vitamin C & E), minerals (like, zinc, selenium), phytoconstituents (phenolic compounds, flavonoids, carotenoids) confer additional health benefits, by virtue of their antioxidant property. A diet rich that rich in antioxidant molecule reduces the risk of several oxidative stress related diseases. Numerous antioxidant molecules isolated from food showed the curative and health promotion effect. This chapter majorly deals with the role antioxidant/pro-oxidant substances present in different foods on human body.
Conference papers on the topic "Vitamin B complex in human nutrition"
1
Bajaj, M. S., S. V. Rana, R. B. Wysolmerski, and S. P. Bajaj. "INHIBITOR OF THE FACTOR VIIA-TISSUE FACTOR COMPLEX IS REDUCED IN PATIENTS WITH DISSEMINATED INTRAVASCULAR COAGULATION BUT NOT IN PATIENTS WITH SEVERE HEPATOCELLULAR DISEASE." In XIth International Congress on Thrombosis and Haemostasis. Schattauer GmbH, 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0038-1643916.
Full textAbstract:
Recently, inhibition of factor VIIa-tissue factor activity by a plasma component(s) which requires factor Xa has been described. In this communication, we have developed a specific radiometric assay (which utilizes 3H-factor IX and is sensitive to <1% of plasma level) for this inhibitor and have measured its activity in various disease states. Strikingly, the levels of this inhibitor were found to be normal in patients with advanced chronic hepatocellular disease but low in patients with disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC). When endotoxin was used to induce DIC in rabbits, the levels of this inhibitor fell by 30 to 90%. Human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVE), bovine pulmonary artery endothelial cells, and a human hepatoma cell line (HepG2) all synthesized and secreted this inhibitor whereas a promyelocytic cell line (HL-60) did not and a monocytic cell line (U937) appears to synthesize only small amounts. When ammonium sulfate fractionated human plasma, and serum-free conditioned media from both HUVE and HepG2 cells were electrophoresed on sodium dodecyl sulfate acrylamide gels, two activity peaks corresponding to Mr ≃45,000 and Mr =33,000 were eluted in each case. These observations suggest that (a) the inhibitor is consumed in DIC and that (b) endothelial cells (or other cells) synthesize sufficient amounts of this inhibitor in vivo to compensate for any decreased production by liver cells. Furthermore, the inhibitor levels were found to be normal in patients on chronic warfarin therapy suggesting that the inhibitor is not a vitamin K-dependent protein.
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Dahiback, Bjorn, Ake Lundwall, Andreas Hillarp, Johan Malm, and Johan Stenflo. "STRUCTURE AND FUNCTION OF VITAMIN K-DEPENDENT PROTEIN S, a cofactor to activated protein C which also interacts with the complement protein C4b-binding protein." In XIth International Congress on Thrombosis and Haemostasis. Schattauer GmbH, 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0038-1642960.
Full textAbstract:
Protein S is a single chain (Mr 75.000) plasma protein. It is a cofactor to activated protein C (APC) in the regulation of coagulation factors Va and Villa. It has high affinity for negatively charged phospolipids and it forms a 1:1 complex with APC on phospholipid surfaces, platelets and on endothelial cells. Patients with heterozygous protein S deficiency have a high incidence of thrombosis. Protein S is cleaved by thrombin, which leads to a loss of calcium binding sites and of APC cofactor activity. Protein S has two to three high affinity (KD 20uM) calcium binding sites - unrelated to the Gla-region - that are unaffected by the thrombin cleavage. In human plasma protein S (25 mg/liter) circulates in two forms; free (approx. 40%) and in a 1:1 noncovalent complex (KD 1× 10-7M) with the complement protein C4b-binding protein (C4BP). C4BP (Mr 570.000) is composed of seven identical 70 kDa subunits that are linked by disulfide bonds. When visualized by electron microscopy, C4BP has a spiderlike structure with the single protein S binding site located close to the central core and one C4b-binding site on each of the seven tentacles. When bound to C4BP, protein S looses its APC cofactor activity, whereas the function-of C4BP is not directly affected by the protein S binding. Chymotrypsin cleaves each of the seven C4BP subunits close to the central core which results in the liberation of multiple 48 kDa “tentacte” fragments and the formation of a 160 kDa central core fragment. We have successfully isolated a 160 kDa central core fragment with essentially intact protein S binding ability.The primary structure of both bovine and human protein S has been determined and found to contain 635 and 634 amino acids, respectively, with 82 % homology to each other. Four different regions were distinguished; the N-terminal Gla-domain (position 1-45) was followed by a region which has two thrombin-sensitive bonds positioned within a disulfide loop. Position 76 to 244 was occupied by four repeats homologous to the epidermal growth factor (EGF) precursor. In the first EGF-domain a modified aspartic acid was identified at position 95, B-hydroxaspartic acid (Hya), and in corresponding positions in the three following EGF-domains (positions 136,178 and 217) we found B-hydroxyasparagine (Hyn). Hyn has not previously been identified in proteins. The C-terminal half of protein S (from position 245) shows no homology to the serine proteases but instead to human Sexual Hormon Binding Globulin (SHBG)(see separate abstract). To study the structure-function relationship we made eighteen monoclonal antibodies to human protein S. The effects of the monoclonals on the C4BP-protein S interaction and on the APC cofactor activity were analysed. Eight of the antibodies were calciumdependent, four of these were against the Gla-domain, two against the thrombin sensitive portion and two against the region bearing the high affinity calcium binding sites. Three of the monoclonals were dependent on the presence of chelating agents, EDTA or EGTA, and were probably directed against the high affinity calcium binding region. Three other monoclonals inhibited the protein S-C4BP interaction. At present, efforts are made to localize the epitopes to gain information about functionally important regions of protein S.