Relevant bibliographies by topics / Vitamin B1

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  2. Dissertations / Theses
  3. Books
  4. Book chapters
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Academic literature on the topic 'Vitamin B1'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 30 July 2024

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Journal articles on the topic "Vitamin B1"

1

Heinrich, Edith, and Nikola Getoff. "Mitomycin C-Activity Effected by Vitamins B1, C, E and β-Carotene under Irradiation with γ-Rays." Zeitschrift für Naturforschung C 58, no. 3-4 (April 1, 2003): 244–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/znc-2003-3-418.

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Vitamin B1 (thiamine) can essentially effect the activity of mitomycin C (MMC), added individually or in combination with antioxidant vitamins (C, E-acetate, β-carotene) as found in experiments in vitro (Escherichia coli bacteria, AB 1157) under irradiation with γ-rays. The environment plays a crucial role. In airfree media vitamin B1 leads to a 2-fold increase of the MMC-efficiency, but adding vitamin C it decreases. In the presence of all vitamins (B1, C, E-ac., and β-carotene) the MMC-action increases about 1.8-fold. In aerated media vitamin B1 causes an about 4-times increase of the MMC-efficiency, but by adding vitamin B1 and C the MMC-activity decreases by a factor of two, whereas in the presence of B1, C, E-ac., and β-carotene it rises again to 2.6-fold. In environment saturated with N2O (conversion of e-aq into OH radicals) a different picture is observed. The presence of vitamin B1 or vitamin B1 + C causes a strong decrease of the MMC-efficiency, but the addition of all vitamins (B1, C, E-ac., and β-car.) leads to a small increase of the cytostatic action. The results demonstrate the influence of vitamin B1 used individually or in combination with other antioxidants on the MMC-efficiency and the strong effect of the environment. The results are of interest for the application of MMC in radiotherapy.
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Putri, Rejeki Geubrina, Muhammad Nasir, and Abdul Gani. "ANALYSIS OF VITAMIN C AND B1 LEVELS IN SENDUDUK FRUIT (Melastoma malabathricum L.) USING UV-VIS SPECTROPHOTOMETRY METHOD." Chimica Didactica Acta 8, no. 2 (October 6, 2021): 49–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.24815/jcd.v8i2.23028.

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The fruit of "senduduk" contains a variety of nutrients and vitamins including vitamin C and B1. This study aims to determine the levels of vitamins C and B1 in young and ripe senduduk fruit that grows in coastal areas and in the mountains. The sample of the fruit was extracted with water. The absorbance of the extract of the fruit was then measured using UV-Vis spectrophotometry for vitamin C at a wavelength of 250 nm, while for vitamin B1 was measured at 420 nm. The results showed that vitamin C levels were (G1 = 0.34; G2 = 0.29%; P1 = 0.35; and P2 = 0.31)%, vitamin B1 was (G1 = 0.21; G2 = 0, 10%; P1 = 0.28; and P2 = 0.18)%. The results of the study can be concluded that there is a significant difference in vitamin C levels between young and old fruit, but it is not significantly different for the difference in the place of growth. There is a significant difference in vitamin B1 levels between young and ripe senseng fruit.
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Jacobs, Peter, and Lucille Wood. "Vitamin B1." Disease-a-Month 49, no. 11 (November 2003): 646–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.disamonth.2003.09.004.

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Fenti, Fenti, Agustinus Widodo, and Jamaluddin Jamaluddin. "ANALYSIS OF VITAMIN B-COMPLEX OF EEL FISH (ANGUILLA MARMORATA (Q.) GAIMARD) ON ELVER PHASE ORIGIN LAKE POSO." Ghidza: Jurnal Gizi dan Kesehatan 2, no. 2 (January 10, 2019): 49. http://dx.doi.org/10.22487/gjgk.v2i2.11321.

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Background & Objective: Vitamins are complex organic substances that are needed by the body in small amounts, usually cannot be synthesized by the body but are important in metabolic processes one of which is vitamin B. Vitamin B consists of vitamins B1, B2, B3, B6, B9 and B12. Eel is one of the fish that has a high nutrient content, one of which is vitamin B. This study aims to determine the levels of vitamin B (B1, B2, B3, B6, B9 and B12) in Eel fish (Anguilla marmorata (Q.) Gaimard) on Elver phase from Lake Poso. Material and Methods: Determination of vitamin B1, B2, B3, B6 and B9 using HPLC (High Performance Liquid Chromatography), and vitamin B12 using LC-MS (Liquid Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry) . Results: The levels of vitamin B2, B3 and B12is 0.133 mg/100g, 1.895 mg/100g, and 0.017mg/100g, whereas in vitamin B1, B6 and B9 is not detected. Conclusion: Eel fish (Anguilla marmorata (Q.) Gaimard) on Elver phase from Lake Poso can be used as a source of vitamins B2, B3 and B12.
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Baltrusch, Simone. "The Role of Neurotropic B Vitamins in Nerve Regeneration." BioMed Research International 2021 (July 13, 2021): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/9968228.

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Damage and regeneration naturally occur in the peripheral nervous system. The neurotropic B vitamins thiamine (B1), pyridoxine (B6), and cobalamin (B12) are key players, which maintain the neuronal viability in different ways. Firstly, they constantly protect nerves against damaging environmental influences. While vitamin B1 acts as a site-directed antioxidant, vitamin B6 balances nerve metabolism, and vitamin B12 maintains myelin sheaths. However, nerve injury occurs at times, because of an imbalance between protective factors and accumulating stress and noxae. This will result in the so-called Wallerian degeneration process. The presence of vitamins B1, B6, and B12 paves the way out to the following important regeneration by supporting the development of new cell structures. Furthermore, vitamin B1 facilitates the usage of carbohydrates for energy production, whereas vitamin B12 promotes nerve cell survival and remyelination. Absence of these vitamins will favor permanent nerve degeneration and pain, eventually leading to peripheral neuropathy.
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Shibata, Katsumi, Atsushi Shimizu, and Tsutomu Fukuwatari. "Vitamin B1 Deficiency Does not Affect the Liver Concentrations of the Other Seven Kinds of B-Group Vitamins in Rats." Nutrition and Metabolic Insights 6 (January 2013): NMI.S11749. http://dx.doi.org/10.4137/nmi.s11749.

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We aimed to determine the effects of vitamin B1 deficiency on vitamin contents of urine, liver, and blood. In the current study, rats were divided into 3 groups (n = 5, each group): the first was freely fed a complete diet (ad lib-fed control group); the second freely fed a vitamin B1-free diet (vitamin B1 deficient group); and the third pair-fed a complete diet with the same amounts of the vitamin B1 deficient group (pair-fed control group). The experimental period was for 15 days. The blood concentrations of vitamin B2, PLP, vitamin B12, folic acid, and biotin were lower in the pair-fed control than in the ad lib-fed control and those of nicotinamide and pantothenic acid were the same. We conclude that Vitamin B1 deficiency did not affect concentrations of the other B-group vitamins.
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Sabaruddin, Sabaruddin, Umy Kurniati Rasyid, Whyllies Agung Buana, Meike Pakaya, and Fitriana Nur Husain. "Optimasi dan Validasi Metode KCKT untuk Identifikasi dan Penetapan Kadar Vitamin B1, B3, B6, dan Kofein dalam Suplemen Kesehatan." Journal of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacy (JECP) 2, no. 2 (August 31, 2022): 115. http://dx.doi.org/10.52365/jecp.v2i2.425.

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Uji identifikasi dan penetapan kadar merupakan salah satu persyaratan mutu suplemen kesehatan yang mengandung vitamin B1, B3, B6, dan kofein sehingga diperlukan metode analisis yang optimal untuk mendeteksi secara simultan analit-analit tersebut dalam suatu campuran matriks. Saat ini telah tersedia metode analisa KCKT sistem gradien untuk pengujian tersebut. Namun, dari metode analisa tersebut diperoleh profil kromatogram yang belum optimal dengan nilai resolusi 0,844 pada puncak analit vitamin B3 dan B1. Hal ini disebabkan masih berhimpitnya puncak kedua analit dan tidak terpisah dengan baik pada baseline kromatogram. Oleh karena itu dianggap perlu untuk melakukan optimasi pada metode analisa ini dengan melakukan modifikasi perbandingan komposisi fase gerak sistem gradien pada menit terelusinya vitamin B3 dan B1. Metodologi penelitian menggunakan penelitian eksperimental laboratorium dengan parameter yang diamati adalah profil kromatogram pemisahan puncak analit dan nilai resolusi antara vitamin B3 dan B1. Berdasarkan data hasil optimasi diperoleh komposisi fase gerak ammonium asetat : asetonitril (25:75) yang memberikan profil kromatogram optimal terhadap pemisahan vitamin B3 dan B1 dengan nilai resolusi 7,230 untuk vitamin B3 dan 3,427 untuk vitamin B1 (syarat resolusi > 2). Metode optimasi kemudian dilanjutkan dengan validasi metode analisa dengan hasil uji parameter selektifitas, akurasi, presisi, linearitas, nilai LOD, dan nilai LOQ memenuhi syarat keberterimaan sehingga metode ini dapat digunakan untuk melakukan pengujian identifikasi dan penetapan kadar vitamin B1, B3, B6, dan kofein dalam sediaan suplemen kesehatan.Identification and assay tests are one of the quality requirements of health supplements containing vitamins B1, B3, B6, and caffeine, so an optimal analytical method is needed to detect these analytes simultaneously in a matrix mixture. Currently, a gradient system HPLC analysis method is available for this test. However, from this analysis method, the chromatogram profile was not optimal with a resolution value of 0.844 at the peak of the vitamin B3 and B1 analytes. This is because the peaks of the two analytes are still close together and are not well separated on the baseline chromatogram. Therefore, it is considered necessary to optimize this analytical method by modifying the ratio of the mobile phase composition of the gradient system at the minute of elution of vitamins B3 and B1. The research methodology used experimental laboratory research with the parameters observed were the chromatogram profile of analyte peak separation and the resolution value between vitamins B3 and B1. Based on the optimization data, the mobile phase composition of ammonium acetate: acetonitrile (25:75) provides an optimal chromatogram profile for the separation of vitamins B3 and B1 with a resolution value of 7,230 for vitamin B3 and 3,427 for vitamin B1 (resolution > 2). The optimization method is then followed by validation of the analytical method with the test results of the parameters of selectivity, accuracy, precision, linearity, LOD value, and LOQ value meeting the acceptance requirements so that this method can be used to test the identification and determination of vitamin B1, B3, B6, and caffeine levels. in the preparation of health supplements.
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Salsabila, Azka Mutiara, Lukita Devy, and Dasumiati Dasumiati. "Propagation of Cardamom (Amomum compactum) Using Vitamin B1, Indole Butyric Acid and Their Combinations Ex Vitro." Jurnal Biodjati 9, no. 1 (May 31, 2024): 54–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.15575/biodjati.v9i1.33327.

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Cardamom (Amomum compactum) is an aromatic spice plant with numerous benefits, widely used in cooking, medicine, and beverages. The high demand for cardamom remains unmet due to the lengthy germination period required for cardamom seeds and the inability of cardamom shoots to thrive when planted independently from the mother plant. The presence of the mother plant significantly impacts cardamom nurseries utilizing shoots, making it challenging to obtain large quantities of nursery transplants. Growth stimulants, such as vitamin B1 and Indole Butyric Acid (IBA), are required to en­hance vegetative growth in plants. Vitamin B1 (IPI brand) is applied due to its ease of accessibility and cost-effectiveness. Meanwhile, IBA is utilized for its accessibility, stable chemical content, and prolonged efficacy. This research aims to determine the optimal concentration of vitamin B1, IBA, and their combination to enhance the growth of mother and tiller shoots of cardamom ex vitro. The research employed a two-factorial Randomized Complete Block Design, with vitamin B1 concentrations of 21.5% and 43% and IBA concentrations of 0.75 ppm and 150 ppm. The treatment V1I1 (vitamin B1 21.5% and IBA 75 ppm) on mother plant shoots maintained a survival rate of 67% up to 12 Weeks After Planting (WAP). The interaction between vitamins B1 and IBA exhibited no significant effect on all parameters of mother shoots and tillers; however, vitamin B1 significantly influenced the vegetative growth of cardamom mother shoots. Vitamin B1 at 43% produced a significantly higher number of leaves compared to 21.5%. Thus, vitamin B1 at 43% is recommended for cardamom propagation, while vitamin B1 at 21.5% has the potential to enhance the average growth of tiller shoots across all parameters.
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Wake, Taichi, Jun Kunisawa, Eri Hashimoto, Yuji Suzuki, and Hiroshi Kiyono. "Vitamin B1 is an essential survival factor for naïve B cells but not IgA-secreting plasma cells (120.9)." Journal of Immunology 188, no. 1_Supplement (May 1, 2012): 120.9. http://dx.doi.org/10.4049/jimmunol.188.supp.120.9.

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Abstract It is generally accepted that dietary factors contribute in the regulation of various immunological functions. Among different kinds of dietary materials, vitamin families such as vitamin A, B6, B9, and D3 play critical regulatory roles for immune responses, but the immunological functions of the other vitamins remain largely unknown. Here, we demonstrate that vitamin B1, also known as thiamine, is an essential factor to keep naïve B cells but not IgA-secreting plasma cells. When mice were maintained with vitamin B1-deficient diet, IgM+ B220+ naïve B cells were significantly decreased in the spleen, mesenteric lymph nodes, and Peyer’s patches, while B220- CD138+ plasma cells secreting IgA antibodies were normally present in the small intestine. In agreement with this finding, despite the reduction of naïve B cells, levels of antigen-specific intestinal IgA responses were unchanged in mice receiving vitamin B1(-) diet after oral immunization with Choleratoxin. Similarly, IgA-secreting cells normally produced IgA even in the absence of vitamin B1 in vitro. These findings demonstrate a new immunological function of vitamin B1 at the different B cell stages.
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Fitzpatrick, Teresa B., and Lottie M. Chapman. "The importance of thiamine (vitamin B1) in plant health: From crop yield to biofortification." Journal of Biological Chemistry 295, no. 34 (June 17, 2020): 12002–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1074/jbc.rev120.010918.

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Ensuring that people have access to sufficient and nutritious food is necessary for a healthy life and the core tenet of food security. With the global population set to reach 9.8 billion by 2050, and the compounding effects of climate change, the planet is facing challenges that necessitate significant and rapid changes in agricultural practices. In the effort to provide food in terms of calories, the essential contribution of micronutrients (vitamins and minerals) to nutrition is often overlooked. Here, we focus on the importance of thiamine (vitamin B1) in plant health and discuss its impact on human health. Vitamin B1 is an essential dietary component, and deficiencies in this micronutrient underlie several diseases, notably nervous system disorders. The predominant source of dietary vitamin B1 is plant-based foods. Moreover, vitamin B1 is also vital for plants themselves, and its benefits in plant health have received less attention than in the human health sphere. In general, vitamin B1 is well-characterized for its role as a coenzyme in metabolic pathways, particularly those involved in energy production and central metabolism, including carbon assimilation and respiration. Vitamin B1 is also emerging as an important component of plant stress responses, and several noncoenzyme roles of this vitamin are being characterized. We summarize the importance of vitamin B1 in plants from the perspective of food security, including its roles in plant disease resistance, stress tolerance, and crop yield, and review the potential benefits of biofortification of crops with increased vitamin B1 content to improve human health.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Vitamin B1"

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Tanja, Brezo-Borjan. "Određivanje vitamina B1, B2 i B3 primenom hronopotenciometrije i hronopotenciometrijske striping analize." Phd thesis, Univerzitet u Novom Sadu, Tehnološki fakultet Novi Sad, 2019. https://www.cris.uns.ac.rs/record.jsf?recordId=111000&source=NDLTD&language=en.

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U okviru ove doktorske disertacije razvijene su elektroanalitičke metode za određivanje pojedinih vitamina B grupe. Za određivanje vitamina B1 i B3 primenjena je adsorpciona hronopotenciometrijska striping analiza (AdHSA) na tankoslojnoj živinoj elektrodi kao radnoj elektrodi, dok je za određivanje vitamina B2 primenjena hronopotenciometrijska analiza (HA) na dvema geometrijski različitim elektrodama od staklastog ugljenika: planarnoj disk elektrodi i elektrodi u vidu procesne posude. U cilju optimizacije metoda ispitan je uticaj najznačajnijih eksperimentalnih faktora. Optimalni eksperimentalni uslovi za određivanje vitamina B1 su podrazumevali primenu 0,2 mol/l citratnog pufera vrednosti pH 6 kao pomoćnog elektrolita, potencijala i vremena akumulacije od -1,313 V i 50 s, redom, i struje rastvaranja depozita od 1,9 – 6,1 μA. Odgovarajući eksperimentalni faktori za određivanje vitamina B2 su bili: 0,025 mol/l HCl kao pomoćni elektrolit, inicijalni potencijal od 0,023 V i struja redukcije od 0,8 – 4,2 μA, dok su optimalni radni uslovi za određivanje vitamina B3 obuhvatali primenu 0,05 mol/l citratnog pufera pH 6, potencijala akumulacije od -1,405 V pri vremenu akumulacije od 15 s, i struji rastvaranja u intervalu od 1,4 – 15,1 μA. U slučaju određivanja vitamina B2 primenom radne elektrode u vidu procesne posude ispitan je i uticaj aktivne površine radne elektrode na analitički signal vitamina B2. Optimalna vrednost aktivne površine radne elektrode iznosila je 13,4 cm2. Pod optimalnim eksperimentalnim uslovima, dolazilo je do elektrooksidacije molekula vitamina B1 i B3 na tankoslojnoj živinoj elektrodi u analitičkom koraku, dok se vitamin B2 redukovao na elektrodama od staklastog ugljenika. U okviru validacije metoda definisani su opsezi linearnosti, određene su vrednosti granice detekcije i granice kvantitativnog određivanja, ocenjena je preciznost i ispitane su interferencije. Uz odgovarajuće uslove rada, dobijena je dobra linearnost analitičkog signala od sadržaja za sva tri ispitivana vitamina. Ostvarene su granice detekcije od 1,64 mg/l za vitamin B1, 0,076 mg/l za vitamin B2 uz primenu planarne disk elektrode i 0,018 mg/l (vitamin B2) uz primenu procesne posude od staklastog ugljenika kao radne elektrode. Ostvarena granica detekcije za vitamin B3 je iznosila 2,20 mg/l. Nakon optimizacije i validacije, razvijene metode HA i AdHSA primenjene su za određivanje vitamina B1, B2 i B3 u komercijalnim multivitaminskim dodacima ishrani i multivitaminskim instant napicima. Tačnost razvijenih metoda je potvrđena paralelnim analizama izvedenim primenom visokopritisne tečne hromatografije.
Within the scope of this doctoral dissertation, electroanalytical methods for the determination of several vitamins of the B-complex are developed. For the determination of vitamin B1 and B3 adsorptive chronopotentiometric stripping analysis was applied, with mercury film electrode as the working electrode. For vitamin B2 determination, the chronopotentiometric analysis was performed on two geometrically different glassy carbon working electrodes: the planar disc electrode and the process vessel electrode. The most important experimental parameters of the analysis were investigated and optimized. For vitamin B1 determination, the optimized experimental conditions were: 0,2 mol/l citrate buffer pH 6 as the supporting electrolyte, accumulation potential of -1,313 V, accumulation time of 15 s and the oxidation current between 1,9 μA and 6,1 μA. The appropriate experimental factors for vitamin B2 determination included 0,025 mol/l HCl solution (supporting electrolyte), initial potential of 0,023 V and reduction current in the range from 0,8 – 4,2 μA, whereas the optimal working parameters for vitamin B3 determination were as follows:0,05 mol/l citrate buffer pH 6, accumulation potential of -1,405 V, accumulation time of 15 s and dissolution current from 1.4 – 15.1 μA. When the process vessel was used as the working electrode, the optimal volume of the analyzed solution i.e. the active surface area of the electrode was optimized. The optimal value of the active surface area was 13,4 cm2. As well, under the optimal experimental conditions, vitamin B1 and vitamin B3 underwent electrooxidation process in the analytical step, whereas vitamin B2 was electrochemically reduced on glassy carbon electrodes. A validation procedure of the optimized methods was performed by evaluation of the following parameters: linearity, the limit of detection (LOD), the limit of quantitation (LOQ), precision, selectivity, and accuracy. Under optimal working conditions, the linearity of the proposed methods was very good. The achieved limits of detection were 1.64 mg/l for vitamin B1, 0,076 mg/l for vitamin B2 (planar disc electrode) and 0,018 mg/l (process vessel electrode) and 2,2 mg/l for vitamin B3.After optimization and validation procedures, the developed methods were applied for vitamin B1, B2, and vitamin B3 determination in commercially available multivitamin supplements and instant multivitamin beverages. The accuracy of the proposed methods was tested by parallel HPLC analyses of the same samples.
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Jordão, Fabiana Morandi. "Caracterização bioquímica da biossíntese de tiamina (vitamina B1) em Plasmodium falciparum." Universidade de São Paulo, 2007. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/42/42135/tde-18102007-151045/.

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Nesta dissertação, foi caracterizada a via de biossíntese de tiamina (Vitamina B1) nas três formas intraeritrocitárias de P. falciparum. Foram realizadas marcações metabólicas, utilizando diferentes precursores radioativos envolvidos na biossíntese de tiamina, já descritos para outros organismos. A utilização do precursor [1-14C] acetato de sódio demonstrou que a via de biossíntese de tiamina encontra-se ativa em todos os estágios intraeritrocitários de P. falciparum. Investigamos os precursores que poderiam estar envolvidos na biossíntese do intermediário tiazol, e nossos dados sugerem que a cistéina é a doadora do enxofre presente na molécula de tiamina; que o aminoácido tirosina pode ser o precursor da biossíntese de tiamina, e nicotinamida não é utilizada como precursor em P. falciparum. Também se avaliou o efeito da fosmidomicina e 3ClDHP e foi demonstrado que ambos propiciaram uma inibição no crescimento dos parasitas. Estes dados sugerem que a via de biossíntese de tiamina, pode ser explorada como alvo para drogas antimaláricas, devido ausência em humanos.
In the present work we have demonstrated the biosynthesis of thiamin (vitamin B1) in the intraerytrocytic stages of P. falciparum. We have demonstrated active biosynthesis of thiamine in the three parasite stages metabolically labeled with [1-14C] sodium acetate. We also investigated which precursors could be involved in the biosynthesis of the thiazole intermediate, by metabolic labelling with different precursors. Our data suggest that the sulphur present in the thiamine molecule is formed from cysteine white that tyrosine can be the precursor of thiamine biosynthesis. Nicotinamide is not utilized as a precursor in P.falciparum. We also investigated the effect of fosmidomycin (an inhibitor of the DOXP reductoisomerase in the MEP pathway) and 3CIDHP (an analogue of bacimethrin) in vitro cultures and both showed an inhibitory effect on parasite growth. These data suggest that the biosynthesis of thiamine can be an attractive target for the development of antimalarial drugs since this pathway is absent in humans.
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Balia, Yusof Zetty Norhana. "Regulation of thiamine biosynthesis in Chlamydomonas reinhardtii." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2012. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.610616.

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Ajjawi, Imad. "Thiamin synthesis and cofactor activation in Arabidopsis thaliana /." abstract and full text PDF (free order & download UNR users only), 2006. http://0-gateway.proquest.com.innopac.library.unr.edu/openurl?url_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:dissertation&res_dat=xri:pqdiss&rft_dat=xri:pqdiss:3250683.

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Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Nevada, Reno, 2006.
"December 2006." Includes bibliographical references. Online version available on the World Wide Web. Library also has microfilm. Ann Arbor, Mich. : ProQuest Information and Learning Company, [2006]. 1 microfilm reel ; 35 mm.
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Häubner, Norbert. "Dynamics of astaxanthin, tocopherol (Vitamin E) and thiamine (Vitamin B1) in the Baltic Sea ecosystem : Bottom-up effects in an aquatic food web." Doctoral thesis, Uppsala universitet, Ekologisk botanik, 2010. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-130143.

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The thesis combines laboratory experiments and field expeditions to study production, transfer and consumption of non-enzymatic antioxidants and thiamine in an aquatic food web. In particular, I (1) documented spatial and seasonal variation of tocopherols and carotenoids in the Baltic Sea pelagic food web, and (2) examined the effects of abiotic and biotic factors on tocopherol, carotenoid and thiamine concentrations in phytoplankton, zooplankton and fish. Moderate differences in temperature and salinity affected α-tocopherol, β-carotene and thiamine production in microalgae. Furthermore, the results suggest that acute stress favors the expression of non-enzymatic antioxidants rather than enzymatic antioxidants. Because production of α-tocopherol, β-carotene and thiamine differ markedly between microalgae, the availability of non-enzymatic antioxidants and thiamine is likely to be highly variable in the Baltic Sea and is difficult to predict. The transfer of non-enzymatic antioxidants from phytoplankton to zooplankton was biomass dependent. The field expeditions revealed that phytoplankton biomass was negatively associated with α-tocopherol concentration in mesozooplankton. Thus, increased eutrophication of the Baltic Sea followed by an increase in phytoplankton biomass could decrease the transfer of essential biochemicals to higher levels in the pelagic food web. This could lead to deficiency syndromes, of the kind already observed in the Baltic Sea. Astaxanthin is synthesized from precursors provided by the phytoplankton community. Thus biomass dependent transfer of astaxanthin precursors from phytoplankton to zooplankton could be responsible for astaxanthin deficiency in zooplanktivorous herring. Astaxanthin in herring consists mostly of all-Z-isomers, which are characterized by low bioavailability. Therefore, astaxanthin deficiency in salmon could be explained by the low concentration of this substance and its isomeric composition in herring.
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Sylvander, Peter. "Thiamine dynamics in the pelagic food web of the Baltic Sea." Doctoral thesis, Stockholms universitet, Institutionen för ekologi, miljö och botanik, 2013. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:su:diva-89192.

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Thiamine (vitamin B1) is involved in several basal metabolic processes. It is an essential compound for many organisms and in aquatic systems it is mainly produced by phytoplankton and prokaryotes and transferred to higher trophic levels through grazing and predation. The occurrence of thiamine deficiency in top predators has been reported from several aquatic systems. In the Baltic populations of the Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) this has been observed since 1974 and recently thiamine deficiency has also been reported for Baltic sea birds. This thesis aims at investigating what processes that governs the flow of thiamine from the primary producers to top predators via zooplankton grazers and planktivoric fish. Paper I showed that abiotic stress factors such as salinity, temperature and light conditions can alter the thiamine content of phytoplankton. Paper II showed that abiotic factors indirectly can affect the stress resistance of zooplankton grazers by changing the nutritional quality of their food. In Paper III we found that the in situ thiamine content of zooplankton grazers was directly affected by that of the phytoplankton diet. In Paper IV we found a similar connection between the thiamine contents of Baltic salmon and herring, one of the major salmon prey species. In Paper V we looked at the thiamine content of the pelagic food web of the Baltic Sea as a whole and found a pattern of trophic dilution; the higher the trophic level of an organism (i.e. the further away from the source of thiamine in the food web), the lower was its thiamine content. In all, the results of this thesis suggests a bottom up effect on the thiamine status of the higher trophic levels of  the Baltic Sea and that external factors, both natural and man-made, have the capability to affect the thiamine status of the plankton communities and thereby the whole Baltic ecosystem. Thiamine and other micronutrients are not something generally considered in the environmental management of aquatic systems but the results of this thesis suggest that ecological disturbances indirectly can have negative effects on top predators via a disrupted supply of essential substances.

At the time of the doctoral defense, the following papers were unpublished and had a status as follows: Paper 2: Manuscript. Paper 3: Manuscript. Paper 4: Manuscript. Paper 5: Manuscript.

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Tunc, Meral. "The molecular genetic regulation of thiamin biosynthesis in plants." abstract and full text PDF (free order & download UNR users only), 2008. http://0-gateway.proquest.com.innopac.library.unr.edu/openurl?url_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:dissertation&res_dat=xri:pqdiss&rft_dat=xri:pqdiss:3307578.

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Beauvais, Maxime. "Long term seasonality of microbial vitamin B1 and B12 metabolisms and their potential interplay in the Northwestern Mediterranean Sea." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Sorbonne université, 2023. http://www.theses.fr/2023SORUS641.

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L'environnement façonne les communautés microbiennes qui dirigent les cycles biogéochimiques des océans, mais les facteurs biotiques sont également d’important déterminants dans la structure des communautés. Ces systèmes dynamiques sont composés d'espèces cooccurrentes structurées dans un réseau complexe d'interactions entre organismes et avec leur environnement. Les vitamines B1 et B12 sont des cofacteurs essentiels mais la plupart des microbes marins incluant de nombreuses espèces de phytoplancton, ne peuvent pas les produire eux-mêmes (auxotrophes aux vitamines). De plus, les vitamines B1 et B12 sont rares dans l’océan. Ensemble, ces observations soulèvent la question suivante : comment les auxotrophes assurent-ils leurs besoins en vitamines dans l’océan ? Cette question reste en grande partie sans réponse car la saisonnalité des auxotrophes et leur interaction avec les producteurs de vitamines restent peu étudiées. Pour combler ces lacunes, nous avons réalisé une série temporelle métagénomique mensuelle sur 7 ans dans un site côtier de Méditerranée Nord-Ouest (station SOLA) afin d'évaluer la saisonnalité à long terme des communautés procaryotes, en se focalisant sur les métabolismes des vitamines B1 et B12 et leur interaction potentielle au cours des saisons. Tout d'abord, nous avons mis en évidence une succession saisonnière de différents organismes pouvant utiliser des voies distinctes pour produire de la B12 tout au long de l'année. En été, les bactéries du genre HIMB11, UBA8309 et Puniceispirillum peuvent utiliser la voie de production aérobie, tandis qu'en hiver, les archées du genre Nitrosopumilus et Nitrosopelagicus peuvent utiliser la voie de production anaérobie. Ensuite, nous avons montré que lors de perturbations environnementales, les organismes habituellement porteurs de gènes de synthèse de la B12 sont remplacés par d'autres porteurs du même gène (redondance fonctionnelle), maintenant ainsi le potentiel de production de B12. Cette assurance écologique pourrait contribuer à la résilience fonctionnelle à long terme des communautés microbiennes marines exposées à des conditions environnementales interannuelles contrastées. Deuxièmement, nous avons montré que les communautés procaryotes à SOLA étaient dominées par des auxotrophes HMP (Pelagibacter), dont l'abondance était plus élevée en été avec d’autre auxotrophes plus rares (doubles HET/HMP, comme HIMB59), et par des auxotrophes B1 (HIMB11), qui étaient présents tout au long de l'année. À SOLA, nous avons rapporté une plus grande contribution des producteurs de B1 que précédemment observé dans d'autres régions, incluant des bactéries (Pseudothioglobus, MB11C04), des cyanobactéries (Synechococcus) et des archées (Nitrosopumilus). Les expériences de bio-essais ont montré de multiples périodes de limitation en vitamines et précurseurs dans l'eau de mer pendant les mois d'hiver. En outre, l'ajout de vitamines et de précurseurs a eu un impact significatif sur la structure de la communauté procaryote dans nos microcosmes, en particulier en Février. Différents ASV ont été sélectivement favorisés par différentes conditions pendant la transition hiver/printemps. Cependant, la réponse des communautés reste difficile à démêler sachant que les auxotrophes et les prototrophes sont impactés par l’ajout de vitamines/précurseurs. Enfin, grâce à l’assemblage de MAGs et en identifiant leurs potentiels de production pour la B1 et la B12, nous avons montré des schémas de cooccurrence forts et récurrents entre les auxotrophes et les producteurs de vitamines, reflétant différentes complémentarités fonctionnelles potentielles en fonction des saisons. La double complémentarité pour la B1 et la B12 était prédominante dans le réseau de cooccurrence d’été (un auxotrophe B1/B12 avec un prototrophe B1/B12), tandis que la simple complémentarité pour la B1 ou la B12 était prédominante dans les cooccurrences d'hiver (un auxotrophe B1/producteur de B12 avec un producteur de B1/auxotrophe B12)
The environment shapes marine microbial assemblages that drive ocean biogeochemical cycles, but biotic interactions are also strong community structuring factors. Marine microbial communities are dynamic systems of co-occurring species structured as a complex network of interactions, including microbe to environment and microbe to microbe connections. B-vitamins are essential cofactors of critical cellular processes, and most marine microbes, including many phytoplankton species require an exogenous source of vitamins or precursors to grow (i.e., vitamin or precursor auxotrophs). Despite their ecological importance, B1 and B12 are scarce in most oceanic and coastal regions. Together, the widespread vitamin scarcity observed in oceans and the high incidence of vitamin auxotrophy raises the question of how vitamin auxotrophs ensure their vitamin requirements in a large and diluted environment? This question remains largely unanswered as the seasonality of vitamin auxotrophs and their interplay with vitamin producers remain poorly studied. To tackle these knowledge gaps, we conducted a 7 years monthly metagenomic time series in the coastal NW Mediterranean Sea (SOLA station) to assess the long-term seasonality of planktonic prokaryotic communities, with a focus on B1 and B12 metabolisms and their potential interplay over time.First, we highlighted a seasonal succession of different organisms which could use distinct biosynthesis pathways to produce B12 de-novo along the year. In summer, bacteria belonging to the genera HIMB11, UBA8309 and Puniceispirillum could use the aerobic B12 production pathway, while in winter, Thaumarchaeota belonging to Nitrosopumilus and Nitrosopelagicus genera could use the anaerobic B12 production pathway. Then, we show that during irregular environmental perturbations observed in winter at SOLA station, organisms usually carrying B12 synthesis genes are replaced by others with the same gene (i.e., functional redundancy), thus maintaining the potential for B12 production. Such ecological insurance could contribute to the long-term functional resilience of marine microbial communities exposed to contrasting inter-annual environmental conditions. Secondly, we showed that SOLA prokaryotic communities were dominated by HMP auxotrophs (Pelagibacter, AAA536-G10, Litoricola), which had higher abundances in summer together with the rarer dual HET/HMP auxotrophs (HIMB59, HIMB100, Octadecabacter), and by B1 auxotrophs (HIMB11, Puniceispirillum), which were present throughout the year. At SOLA, we reported a larger contribution of B1 producers than previously reported in other regions, including bacteria (Pseudothioglobus, MB11C04), cyanobacteria (Synechococcus, Prochlorococcus) and archaea (Nitrosopumilus, Nitrosopelagicus). Bioassays experiments using showed multiple vitamin and precursor limitations periods in SOLA seawater during winter months. Moreover, the addition of vitamins and precursors had a significant impact on prokaryotic community structure in our microcosm’s experiments, especially in February. Different ASVs were selectively promoted by different conditions during the winter/spring transition (B12, H+C and B1+B12). However, the differential response of communities remains difficult to disentangle, given that both vitamin auxotrophs and prototrophs were promoted during our incubations. Finally, by assembling high-quality metagenome assembled genomes (MAGs) and identifying their B1 and B12 lifestyles, we highlight strong and recurrent co-occurrence patterns between vitamin auxotrophs and producers reflecting different potential functional complementarities between them depending on the season. Double complementarity for B1 and for B12 was prevalent in summer co-occurrences networks (e.g., B1/B12 auxotroph co-occur with B1/B12 prototroph), while simple complementarity for B1 or B12 was prevalent in winter co-occurrences (e.g., B1 auxotroph / B12 producer co-occur with B1 producer/B12 auxotroph)
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Künz, Madeleine [Verfasser], and Christian [Akademischer Betreuer] Betzel. "Investigations on an Innovative Antibiotic Approach : Structure-Function-Analysis of Essential Enzymes Routing the Vitamin B1 de novo Biosynthesis and Vitamin B6 Salvage Pathway of Staphylococcus aureus / Madeleine Künz. Betreuer: Christian Betzel." Hamburg : Staats- und Universitätsbibliothek Hamburg, 2015. http://d-nb.info/1075317398/34.

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Roland, Jessica Justine. "Septohippocampal system modulation in an animal model of diencephalic amnesia." Diss., Online access via UMI:, 2008.

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Books on the topic "Vitamin B1"

1

Frank, Jordan, and Patel Mulchand S, eds. Thiamine: Catalytic mechanisms in normal and disease states. New York: Marcel Dekker, 2004.

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U, Gerbershagen H., Zimmermann M. 1933-, and World Congress on Pain. (5th : 1987 : Hamburg, Germany), eds. B-vitamins in pain: Hamburg, 2nd August 1987. Frankfurt am Main: PMI Verlag, 1988.

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McCandless, David W. Thiamine deficiency and associated clinical disorders. New York: Humana Press, 2010.

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Carpenter, Kenneth J. Beriberi, white rice, and vitamin B: A disease, a cause, and a cure. Berkeley, CA: University of California Press, 2000.

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Carpenter, Kenneth J. Beriberi, white rice, and vitamin B: A disease, a cause, and a cure. Berkeley, CA: University of California Press, 2000.

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Zöllner, N., H. Fassl, I. Jurna, K. F. Pietrzik, and M. Schattenkirchner, eds. Klinische Bedeutung von Vitamin B1, B6, B12 in der Schmerztherapie. Heidelberg: Steinkopff, 1988. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-72427-5.

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W, Sichert-Oevermann, and Schettler Gotthard, eds. Thiaminzufuhr und Thiaminstatus der Bevölkerung in der Bundesrepublik Deutschland. Berlin: Springer-Verlag, 1988.

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Irwin, John B. The natural way to a trouble-free pregnancy: The toxemia-thiamine connection. Fairfield, CT: Aslan Pub., 2008.

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Alfred, Schellenberger, Schowen Richard L, Martin-Luther-Universität Halle-Wittenberg, and Biochemische Gesellschaft der Deutschen Demokratischen Republik., eds. Thiamin pyrophosphate biochemistry. Boca Raton, Fla: CRC Press, 1988.

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Saur, Bernhard. Enzymaktivierungsmessungen der wasserlöslichen Vitamine B1, B2 und B6 von Sportlern und Normalpersonen. [s.l.]: [s.n.], 1991.

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Book chapters on the topic "Vitamin B1"

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Bährle-Rapp, Marina. "Vitamin B1." In Springer Lexikon Kosmetik und Körperpflege, 585. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-71095-0_11065.

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Jomaa, H. "Vitamin B1." In Springer Reference Medizin, 2458–60. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-48986-4_3261.

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Jomaa, Hassan. "Vitamin B1." In Lexikon der Medizinischen Laboratoriumsdiagnostik, 1–2. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-49054-9_3261-1.

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Marks, John. "Vitamin B1." In The Vitamins, 143–48. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1985. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-7321-6_22.

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Winter, Jerrold. "Thiamine (Vitamin B1)." In True Nutrition, True Fitness, 89–96. Totowa, NJ: Humana Press, 1991. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4612-0479-4_6.

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Alemanno, Fernando. "Thiamine (Vitamin B1)." In Biochemistry for Anesthesiologists and Intensivists, 139–59. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-26721-6_12.

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Ball, G. F. M. "Thiamin (vitamin B1)." In Bioavailability and Analysis of Vitamins in Foods, 267–92. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4899-3414-7_7.

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Iwashima, A. "Microbial Synthesis of Vitamin B1 (Thiamine)." In Biotechnology of Vitamins, Pigments and Growth Factors, 137–48. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1989. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-1111-6_9.

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Güntert, Matthias, H. J. Bertram, R. Emberger, R. Hopp, H. Sommer, and P. Werkhoff. "Thermal Degradation of Thiamin (Vitamin B1)." In ACS Symposium Series, 199–223. Washington, DC: American Chemical Society, 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/bk-1994-0564.ch017.

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Brubacher, G., W. Müller-Mulot, and D. A. T. Southgate. "Vitamin B1 (Thiamine) in Foodstuffs: Thiochrome Method." In Methods for the Determination of Vitamins in Food, 51–65. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1985. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-4944-7_4.

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Conference papers on the topic "Vitamin B1"

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Feofilaktova, O. V. "STUDY OF THE STORAGE OF BAS ENCAPSULATED IN EMULSION FOOD SYSTEMS." In I International Congress “The Latest Achievements of Medicine, Healthcare, and Health-Saving Technologies”. Kemerovo State University, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.21603/-i-ic-137.

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The article presents the results of a comparative analysis of the persistence of biologically active substances on the example of vitamins B1 and E, encapsulated in the matrix core of double emulsion food systems, in the aqueous phase of the direct and fatty phase of the reverse emulsion food systems. According to the results of the research, the efficiency of vitamin encapsulation in double emulsion systems was established to increase their shelf life: at the end of storage, the residual content of vitamin B1 in the double emulsion system water-oil-water was 34% higher than its content in the inverse emulsion, and the content of vitamin E in the emulsion system oil-wateroil at the end of the storage period was 24% more than in direct emulsion.
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Yang, Hui, Xue Xiao, Xuesong Zhao, Lan Hu, Caofang Lv, and Zhangkun Yin. "Intrinsic fluorescence spectra characteristics of vitamin B1, B2, and B6." In Selected Proceedings of the Photoelectronic Technology Committee Conferences held June-July 2015, edited by Shenggang Liu, Songlin Zhuang, Michael I. Petelin, and Libin Xiang. SPIE, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.2216038.

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Zastre, Jason, Brad Hanberry, Rebecca Sweet, Cary McGinnis, Kristen Venuti, Michael Bartlett, and Raj Govindarajan. "Abstract 1903: Up-regulation of vitamin B1 homeostasis genes in breast cancer." In Proceedings: AACR 104th Annual Meeting 2013; Apr 6-10, 2013; Washington, DC. American Association for Cancer Research, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1158/1538-7445.am2013-1903.

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Chen, Hongying, Niall Warfield, Ciaran Nannery, Zara Togher, and Yaseen Yacoob. "A Case of Neural Integrator Failure in Vitamin B1 Deficiency. (P1-9.004)." In 2023 Annual Meeting Abstracts. Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1212/wnl.0000000000203232.

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Kumpaty, Subha, Asha Foster, Alex Hutson, and Vipin Paliwal. "Vitamin B Complex and Bioheat Transfer Projects: 2008 Summer Research Experiences for Teachers at Milwaukee School of Engineering." In ASME 2009 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. ASMEDC, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2009-12536.

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This paper describes the summer research experiences of a high-school chemistry and biology teacher and a middle-school science teacher at the Milwaukee School of Engineering (MSOE). The first project involved researching B Complex Vitamins at MSOE’s Center for Biomolecular Modeling, developing molecular models using rapid prototyping technology (Z Corp 3D Printer) and creating curriculum modules for teaching the role of B Complex Vitamins to chemistry students in public high schools. A Javascript/HTML for interactive and dynamic presentation for understanding of thiamine (Vitamin B1) via web was written and implemented with Jmol software. A visual inspection of the family of Vitamin B Complex created and the curriculum modules developed during this project provide exciting and effective learning avenues for students in biology and chemistry classrooms. The second project dealt with the study of bioheat transfer and its simulation using MATLAB, and creation of a curriculum module that illustrates heat transfer principles reinforced by implementing the simulation. The teachers enjoyed the interaction with their advisors and the positive environment for their professional development. Details of their projects and experiences along with the evaluation of the program are presented in this paper. The teachers were pleased to be involved in connecting physics, biology, engineering and math into real projects that will motivate the students in their classes to pursue careers in STEM fields.
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Pico, Sara, Alberto Parras, María Santos-Galindo, Julia Pose-Utrilla, Margarita Castro, Enrique Fraga, Ivó H. Hernández, et al. "I03 CPEB alteration and aberrant transcriptome-polyadenylation unveil a treatable vitamin B1 deficiency in huntington’s disease." In EHDN Abstracts 2021. BMJ Publishing Group Ltd, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/jnnp-2021-ehdn.117.

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Buttler, Laura, Anja Tiede, Marie Griemsmann, Hannah Schneider, Jim Benjamin Mauz, Heiner Wedemeyer, Markus Cornberg, Tammo Lambert Tergast, Katharina L. Hupa-Breier, and Benjamin Maasoumy. "Impact of thiamine (vitamin B1) supplementation on hepatic encephalopathy and mortality in patients with decompensated alcoholic liver cirrhosis." In 40. Jahrestagung der Deutschen Arbeitsgemeinschaft zum Studium der Leber. Georg Thieme Verlag, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0043-1777521.

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Prihastanti, Erma, Silvi Permata Sari Sopas, Sri Haryanti, Sri Darmanti, and Endah Dwi Hastuti. "Application of Plant Growth Regulator (PGR) and vitamin B1 on root and leave tissue growth of Rhizophora mucronata lamk." In 12TH INTERNATIONAL SEMINAR ON NEW PARADIGM AND INNOVATION ON NATURAL SCIENCES AND ITS APPLICATIONS (12TH ISNPINSA): Contribution of Science and Technology in the Changing World. AIP Publishing, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/5.0215879.

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Moigradean, Diana, Mariana-Atena Poiana, Roxana-Diadora Gruiescu, Liana Maria Alda, and Despina Maria Bordean. "DEVELOPING OF INNOVATIVE VALUE-ADDED CHOCOLATE FORMULAS BY ROSEHIP AND CAROB POWDER INCORPORATION." In 22nd SGEM International Multidisciplinary Scientific GeoConference 2022. STEF92 Technology, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.5593/sgem2022v/6.2/s25.18.

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The chocolate is one of the most popular foods all over the world, representing a highly nutritious source of energy. In this paper is proposed a way to improve the antioxidant function of chocolate by rosehip powder incorporation in the recipe. Additionally, a part of cocoa from its manufacturing recipe was replaced by carob powder. Rosehip powder brings along a high intake of vitamin C, B1, B2, K, carotenoids, pectin, carbohydrates, and also organic acids. Due to the high level of vitamin content, it is recommended the rosehips consumption in various forms. Carob flour has shown nutritional properties much better than those of cocoa, being an alternative ingredient mainly recommended in the children�s nourishment because the carob powder does not stimulate gastric acidity, has a very high antioxidant and contains no gluten or lactose. Thus, in this study were developed chocolate formulas with improved functionality versus the control prepared without any addition of rosehip and carob powder. Eight chocolate formulations were prepared in laboratory conditions. The antioxidant activity was evaluated on the base of spectrophotometric ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) assay. The total phenolics (TP) content was spectrophotometrically evaluated using the Folin-Ciocalteu colorimetric method. The vitamin C (VC) content has been measured by titration with 2,6-dichlorophenolindophenol sodium salt solution. Our results are useful for food technologists to develop new value-added chocolate formulas by incorporation in the recipe of different functional ingredients.
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Jonus, Hunter C., Ashley E. Ray, and Jason A. Zastre. "Abstract 892: Alterations of vitamin B1 homeostasis following oxidative stress in breast cancer and impact of supplementation on cellular redox homeostasis." In Proceedings: AACR Annual Meeting 2019; March 29-April 3, 2019; Atlanta, GA. American Association for Cancer Research, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1158/1538-7445.sabcs18-892.

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Reports on the topic "Vitamin B1"

1

Rouseff, Russell L., and Michael Naim. Characterization of Unidentified Potent Flavor Changes during Processing and Storage of Orange and Grapefruit Juices. United States Department of Agriculture, September 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2002.7585191.bard.

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Citrus juice flavor quality traditionally diminishes after thermal processing and continuously during storage. Our prior studies found that four of the five most potent off-aromas formed during orange juice storage had not been identified. The primary emphasis of this project was to characterize and identify those potent flavor degrading aroma volatiles so that methods to control them could be developed and final flavor quality improved. Our original objectives included: 1 Isolate and characterize the most important unidentified aroma impact compounds formed or lost during pasteurization and storage. 2. Determination of thiamine and carotenoid thermal decomposition and Strecker degradation pathways in model solutions as possible precursors for the unidentified off-flavors. 3. Evaluate the effectiveness of an "electronic nose" to differentiate the headspace aromas of from untreated and heat pasteurized orange and grapefruit juices. 4. Use model systems of citrus juices to investigate the three possible precursor pathways (from 2) for flavor impact compounds formed or lost during pasteurization or storage. RESULTS - The components responsible for citrus storage off flavors and their putative precursors have now been identified. Certain carotenoids (b-carotene) can thermally degrade to produce b-ionone and b-damascenone which are floral and tobacco smelling respectively. Our GC-O and sensory experiments indicated that b-damascenone is a potential storage off-flavor in orange juice. Thiamine (Vitamin B1) degradation produces 2-methyl-3-furan thiol, MFT, and its dimer bis(2- methyl-3-furyl) disulfide which both produce meaty, savory aromas. GC-O and sensory studies indicated that MFT is another storage off-flavor. Methional (potato aroma) is another off flavor produced primarily from the reaction of the native amino acid, methionine, and oxidized ascorbic acid (vitamin C). This is a newly discovered pathway for the production of methional and is more dominant in juices than the classic Maillard reaction. These newly identified off flavors diminish the flavor quality of citrus juices as they distort the flavor balance and introduce non-typical aromas to the juice flavor profile. In addition, we have demonstrated that some of the poor flavor quality citrus juice found in the market place is not only from the production of these and other off flavors but also due to the absence of desirable flavor components including several potent aldehydes and a few esters. The absence of these compounds appears to be due to incomplete flavor volatile restoration after the making of juice concentrates. We are the first to demonstrate that not all flavor volatiles are removed along with water in the production of juice concentrate. In the case of grapefruit juice we have documented which flavor volatiles are completely removed, which are partially removed and which actually increase because of the thermal process. Since more that half of all citrus juices is made into concentrate, this information will allow producers to more accurately restore the original flavor components and produce a juice with a more natural flavor. IMPLICATIONS - We have shown that the aroma of citrus juices is controlled by only 1-2% of the total volatiles. The vast majority of other volatiles have little to no direct aroma activity. The critical volatiles have now been identified. The ability to produce high quality citrus juices requires that manufacturers know which chemical components control aroma and flavor. In addition to identifying the critical flavor components (both positive and negative), we have also identified several precursors. The behavior of these key aroma compounds and their precursors during common manufacturing and storage conditions has been documented so manufacturers in Israel and the US can alter production practices to minimize the negative ones and maximize the positive ones.
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