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Matte, J. J., A. Giguère, and C. L. Girard. "Some aspects of the pyridoxine (vitamin B6) requirement in weanling piglets." British Journal of Nutrition 93, no. 5 (May 2005): 723–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1079/bjn20051406.
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Four trials were carried out to determine the optimal level of dietary pyridoxine (vitamin B6) and its interaction with riboflavin (vitamin B2) in early-weaned piglets. In Trial 1, twelve piglets were tube-fed graded supplements of B6, 0, 10, 50 or 100 mg/kg. The level of 50 mg/kg maximized B6in red blood cells (P<0·05). In Trial 2, thirty-six piglets were tube-fed with four combinations of B6(0v. 50 mg/kg) and B2(0v. 25 mg/kg). The B6supplement increased (P<0·01) B6in red blood cells. C-peptide and insulin responses to intravenous glucose tended (P<0·08) to or decreased (P<0·03) with B2while no effect was observed on glucose. After gastro-enteral glucose, dietary B2depressed C-peptide and insulin responses in B6-unsupplemented piglets and increased them in B6-supplemented piglets (P<0·03). The glucose response tended to be higher in B6-supplemented piglets (P<0·06). Trials 3 and 4 were carried out in commercial conditions using either B6and/or B2supplements given during 2 weeks after weaning (Trial 3) or a B6supplement alone (50 mg/kg) given between 2 (weaning) and 10 weeks of age. Despite a marked and persistent increase (P<0·01) of B6in red blood cells in B6-supplemented piglets, the effect on growth performance was either none (P>0·39; Trial 3) or marginally lower (<−2 %;P<0·03; Trial 4). In conclusion, it appears that a dietary supplement of 50 mg/kg B6saturated the red blood cell pool in B6and influenced, along with B2, the glucose homeostasis through the entero-insular axis. Nevertheless, such metabolic effects are not reflected on growth performance.
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Bender, David A. "Non-nutritional uses of vitamin B6." British Journal of Nutrition 81, no. 1 (January 1999): 7–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0007114599000082.
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Vitamin B6is a water-soluble vitamin, and is readily metabolized and excreted, so it has generally been assumed to have negligible toxicity, although at very high levels of intake it can cause peripheral nerve damage. Nutritional deficiency disease is extremely rare, although a significant proportion of the population shows biochemical evidence of inadequate status, despite apparently adequate levels of intake. The vitamin has been used to treat a wide variety of conditions, which may or may not be related to inadequate intake. In some conditions use of vitamin B6supplements has been purely empirical; in other conditions there is a reasonable physiological or metabolic mechanism to explain why supplements of the vitamin many times greater than average requirements may have therapeutic uses. However, even in such conditions there is little evidence of efficacy from properly conducted controlled trials.
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Qian, Bingjun, Shanqi Shen, Jianhua Zhang, and Pu Jing. "Effects of Vitamin B6 Deficiency on the Composition and Functional Potential of T Cell Populations." Journal of Immunology Research 2017 (2017): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2017/2197975.
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The immune system is critical in preventing infection and cancer, and malnutrition can weaken different aspects of the immune system to undermine immunity. Previous studies suggested that vitamin B6 deficiency could decrease serum antibody production with concomitant increase in IL4 expression. However, evidence on whether vitamin B6 deficiency would impair immune cell differentiation, cytokines secretion, and signal molecule expression involved in JAK/STAT signaling pathway to regulate immune response remains largely unknown. The aim of this study is to investigate the effects of vitamin B6 deficiency on the immune system through analysis of T lymphocyte differentiation, IL-2, IL-4, and INF-γsecretion, andSOCS-1andT-betgene transcription. We generated a vitamin B6-deficient mouse model via vitamin B6-depletion diet. The results showed that vitamin B6 deficiency retards growth, inhibits lymphocyte proliferation, and interferes with its differentiation. After ConA stimulation, vitamin B6 deficiency led to decrease in IL-2 and increase in IL-4 but had no influence on IFN-γ. Real-time PCR analysis showed that vitamin B6 deficiency downregulatedT-betand upregulatedSOCS-1transcription. This study suggested that vitamin B6 deficiency influenced the immunity in organisms. Meanwhile, the appropriate supplement of vitamin B6 could benefit immunity of the organism.
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Jakovljevic Uzelac, Jovana, Tatjana Djukic, Slavica Mutavdzin, Sanja Stankovic, Milica Labudovic Borovic, Jelena Rakocevic, Natasa Milic, et al. "The influence of subchronic co-application of vitamins B6 and folic acid on cardiac oxidative stress and biochemical markers in monocrotaline-induced heart failure in male Wistar albino rats." Canadian Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology 98, no. 2 (February 2020): 93–102. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/cjpp-2019-0305.
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The aim of this study was to test the hypothesis that subchronic co-application of vitamins B6 and folic acid (FA) could affect heart failure (HF) induced by monocrotaline (MCT), with the modulation of oxidative stress parameters and cardiometabolic biomarkers. Biochemical and histomorphometric analyses were assessed in blank solution-exposed controls (C1 physiological saline 1 mL/kg, 1 day, n = 8; C2 physiological saline 1 mL/kg, 28 days, n = 8), MCT-induced HF (MCT 50 mg/kg, n = 8), B6+FA (vitamin B6 7 mg·kg–1·day–1, FA 5 mg·kg–1·day–1; n = 8), and MCT+B6+FA (MCT 50 mg/kg, vitamin B6 7 mg·kg–1·day–1, FA 5 mg·kg–1·day–1; n = 8) in male Wistar albino rats (body mass 160 g at the start). Superoxide dismutase and glutathione peroxidase activities, thiol-, carbonyl groups, and nitrotyrosine were determined in cardiac tissue. Echocardiography was performed to confirm MCT-induced HF. The right ventricular wall hypertrophy, accompanied with significant increase of troponin T and preserved renal and liver function, has been shown in MCT-induced HF. However, these effects were not related to antioxidant effects of vitamin B6 and FA, since several parameters of oxidative stress were more pronounced after treatment. In this study, co-application of vitamins B6 and FA did not attenuate hypertrophy of the right ventricle wall but aggravated oxidative stress, which is involved in HF pathogenesis.
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Parra, Marcelina, Seth Stahl, and Hanjo Hellmann. "Vitamin B6 and Its Role in Cell Metabolism and Physiology." Cells 7, no. 7 (July 22, 2018): 84. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cells7070084.
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Vitamin B6 is one of the most central molecules in cells of living organisms. It is a critical co-factor for a diverse range of biochemical reactions that regulate basic cellular metabolism, which impact overall physiology. In the last several years, major progress has been accomplished on various aspects of vitamin B6 biology. Consequently, this review goes beyond the classical role of vitamin B6 as a cofactor to highlight new structural and regulatory information that further defines how the vitamin is synthesized and controlled in the cell. We also discuss broader applications of the vitamin related to human health, pathogen resistance, and abiotic stress tolerance. Overall, the information assembled shall provide helpful insight on top of what is currently known about the vitamin, along with addressing currently open questions in the field to highlight possible approaches vitamin B6 research may take in the future.
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Spasov, A. A., and Vadim A. Kosolapov. "THE APPLICATION OF MG-L-ASPARAGINATE AND COMBINATIONS OF MG SALTS WITH VITAMIN B6 IN MEDICINE." Medical Journal of the Russian Federation 23, no. 2 (April 15, 2017): 89–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.18821/0869-2106-2017-23-2-89-95.
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The magnesium is one of the most important microelements, a universal regulator of biochemical and physiological processes. This microelement is a co-factor of enzymes and participates in energetic, plastic and electrolyte metabolism, in regulation of cell growth, synthesis of protein, etc. In many countries the magnesium deficiency is a burning problem. The medications of non-organic and organic salts of magnesium are used for supplying it. The efficient medications are such asparaginic salts of magnesium as magnesium DL-asparaginate, potassium and magnesium L-asparaginate and magnesium L-asparaginate hydrochloride. The other obligate factor is vitamin B6 (pyridoxine) that as magnesium plays important role in main processes of metabolism and benevolently effects the central nervous system. The vitamin B6 supports increasing absorption of magnesium in intestine ameliorates its transportation into cells and processes of intra-cellular accumulation and potentates pharmacological effects of magnesium. By-turn, magnesium supports activation of vitamin B6 in liver. Therefore, it is appropriate to apply jointly magnesium and vitamin B6.
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Clasen, Joanna L., Alicia K. Heath, Heleen Van Puyvelde, Inge Huybrechts, Jin Young Park, Pietro Ferrari, Mattias Johansson, et al. "A comparison of complementary measures of vitamin B6 status, function, and metabolism in the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition (EPIC) study." American Journal of Clinical Nutrition 114, no. 1 (April 7, 2021): 338–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ajcn/nqab045.
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ABSTRACT Background Vitamin B6 insufficiency has been linked to increased risk of cancer and other chronic diseases. The circulating concentration of pyridoxal 5′-phosphate (PLP) is a commonly used measure of vitamin B6 status. Ratios of substrates indicating PLP coenzymatic function and metabolism may be useful complementary measures to further explore the role of vitamin B6 in health. Objectives We explored the sensitivity of 5 outcomes, namely PLP concentration, homocysteine:cysteine (Hcy:Cys), cystathionine:cysteine (Cysta:Cys), the 3´-hydroxykynurenine ratio (HKr), and the 4-pyridoxic acid ratio (PAr) to vitamin B6 intake as well as personal and lifestyle characteristics. Medthods Dietary intake and biomarker data were collected from participants from 3 nested case-control studies within the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition (EPIC). Bayesian regression models assessed the associations of the 5 biomarker outcomes with vitamin B6 intake and personal and lifestyle covariates. Analogous models examined the relations of Hcy:Cys, Cysta:Cys, and HKr with PLP. Results In total, 4608 participants were included in the analyses. Vitamin B6 intake was most strongly associated with PLP, moderately associated with Hcy:Cys, Cysta:Cys, and HKr, and not associated with PAr (fold change in marker given a doubling of vitamin B6 intake: PLP 1.60 [95% credible interval (CrI): 1.50, 1.71]; Hcy:Cys 0.87 [95% CrI: 0.84, 0.90]; Cysta:Cys 0.89 [95% CrI: 0.84, 0.94]; HKr 0.88 [95% CrI: 0.85, 0.91]; PAr 1.00 [95% CrI: 0.95, 1.05]). PAr was most sensitive to age, and HKr was least sensitive to BMI and alcohol intake. Sex and menopause status were strongly associated with all 5 markers. Conclusions We found that 5 different markers, capturing different aspects of vitamin B6–related biological processes, varied in their associations with vitamin B6 intake and personal and lifestyle predictors.
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ELLIS, JOHN MARION, and KARL FOLKERS. "Clinical Aspects of Treatment of Carpal Tunnel Syndrome with Vitamin B6." Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences 585, no. 1 Vitamin B6 (May 1990): 302–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1749-6632.1990.tb28063.x.
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OLLILAINEN, V. M. "HPLC analysis of vitamin B6 in foods." Agricultural and Food Science 8, no. 6 (January 6, 1999): 515–619. http://dx.doi.org/10.23986/afsci.5632.
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The objective of this work was to evaluate the methods for determination of vitamin B6 in foods. To achieve this, the literature review focused on sample treatment and liquid chromatographic analysis of vitamin B6 related compounds. In the experimental part, the chosen sample pretreatment and the high-performance liquid chromatographic (HPLC) method were validated, and used to produce vitamin B6 data on various food items commonly consumed in Finland. The main emphasis of the sample treatment was on the extraction efficiency and the maintenance of the original concentration profile of the vitamers. Several acid extraction procedures were tested for this purpose. Perchloric acid was chosen as the extraction agent. Routine food analysis was then performed using dilute ice-cold perchloric acid extraction followed by an internally standardized ion-paired reversed-phase liquid chromatography. Food samples were hydrolyzed with takadiastase and alkaline phosphatase enzymes, phosphorylated and glycosylated vitamers were quantitated before and after the enzymatic digestion. This procedure enabled the extraction of vitamin B6 compounds in their intact forms, and the measurement of free, phosphorylated and glycosylated forms. The maintenance of the concentration profile of the vitamers was verified by using 14C -labeled pyridoxal 5'-phosphate in the examination of the extraction procedure. The extraction efficiency and laboratory performance were confirmed by interlaboratory studies. Up-to-date data on vitamin B6 content of about fifty common food items was produced. The data includes the results from meat and poultry, fish and fish product, dairy product, cereal and vegetable, and ready-to-eat food samples. Free and phosphorylated vitamin B6 compounds were measured in all food groups, and the glycosylated vitamer fraction was analyzed in all plant-derived foods. The results obtained in this work showed that vitamin B6 content of nearly all foods of plant origin was mainly comprised of glycosidically bound pyridoxine derivatives. These bound analytes are normally not taken into account in traditional analytical methods, and food composition tables lack the data of glycosylated pyridoxine. The role of the glycosylated pyridoxines need to be clarified in terms of their analytical and physiological nature. If, as it is currently assumed, the availability of the bound forms is limited for humans, the role of vegetables, cereals and other foods of plant origin as a source of vitamin B6, as well as the analytical methods should be reassessed.;
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Haller. "The Vitamin Status and its Adequacy in the Elderly: An International Overview." International Journal for Vitamin and Nutrition Research 69, no. 3 (May 1, 1999): 160–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1024/0300-9831.69.3.160.
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Age-related changes in nutrition can affect the nutritional status of the elderly in a number of ways. Food intake is affected by socio-economic, physiological and pathological factors. The major physiological age-related change is the decrease in the energy requirement due to a reduction in lean body mass and a reduction in physical activity leading to a compensatory decrease in macro- and micronutrient intake of approximately 30% by the age of 80 years. Morbidity and some types of medication, smoking and alcohol consumption also affect the absorption and metabolism of vitamins. The plasma levels of fat-soluble vitamins and carotenoids tend to increase with age with the exception of vitamin D, while certain water-soluble vitamin levels decrease, particularly vitamin B6 and vitamin B12. Many epidemiological studies have examined the vitamin intake and the plasma concentrations of large elderly populations in many regions of the world, but few have specifically determined the incidence of vitamin deficiencies. The criteria for defining deficiency varies between studies making it difficult to compare data from different studies. In the SENECA Study on European elderly evidence for biochemical vitamin deficiency was found in 47% for vitamin D, 23.3% for vitamin B6, 2.7% for vitamin B12 and 1.1% for vitamin E.
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Loohuis, Loes, Monique Albersen, Simone de Jong, Timothy Wu, Jurjen Luykx, Judith Jans, Nanda M. Verhoeven-Duif, and Roel A. Ophoff. "The Alkaline Phosphatase (ALPL) Locus Is Associated with B6 Vitamer Levels in CSF and Plasma." Genes 10, no. 1 (December 22, 2018): 8. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/genes10010008.
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The active form of vitamin B6, pyridoxal phosphate (PLP), is essential for human metabolism. The brain is dependent on vitamin B6 for its neurotransmitter balance. To obtain insight into the genetic determinants of vitamin B6 homeostasis, we conducted a genome-wide association study (GWAS) of the B6 vitamers pyridoxal (PL), PLP and the degradation product of vitamin B6, pyridoxic acid (PA). We collected a unique sample set of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and plasma from the same healthy human subjects of Dutch ancestry (n = 493) and included concentrations and ratios in and between these body fluids in our analysis. Based on a multivariate joint analysis of all B6 vitamers and their ratios, we identified a genome-wide significant association at a locus on chromosome 1 containing the ALPL (alkaline phosphatase) gene (minimal p = 7.89 × 10−10, rs1106357, minor allele frequency (MAF) = 0.46), previously associated with vitamin B6 levels in blood. Subjects homozygous for the minor allele showed a 1.4-times-higher ratio between PLP and PL in plasma, and even a 1.6-times-higher ratio between PLP and PL in CSF than subjects homozygous for the major allele. In addition, we observed a suggestive association with the CSF:plasma ratio of PLP on chromosome 15 (minimal p = 7.93 × 10−7, and MAF = 0.06 for rs28789220). Even though this finding is not reaching genome-wide significance, it highlights the potential of our experimental setup for studying transport and metabolism across the blood–CSF barrier. This GWAS of B6 vitamers identifies alkaline phosphatase as a key regulator in human vitamin B6 metabolism in CSF as well as plasma. Furthermore, our results demonstrate the potential of genetic studies of metabolites in plasma and CSF to elucidate biological aspects underlying metabolite generation, transport and degradation.
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McGowan, C. "Influence of vitamin B6 status on aspects of lead poisoning in rats." Toxicology Letters 47, no. 1 (April 1989): 87–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0378-4274(89)90088-x.
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Hamada, A., A. Metwally, and R. El-Shazoly. "Amelioration of extreme temperature stress in alfalfa seedlings by vitamin C and vitamin B6." Acta Agronomica Hungarica 60, no. 1 (March 1, 2012): 57–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1556/aagr.60.2012.1.7.
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Concerns about the vulnerability of agricultural production to climate change are increasing. The establishment of seedlings at early growth stages of crop plants, one of the most important determinants of high yield, is severely affected by extreme temperatures. Therefore, efforts must be made to achieve high germination rate and vigorous early growth under extreme temperature conditions.Alfalfa is a perennial forage crop with high yield, good quality and high protein content, but is frequently exposed to extreme temperature conditions. The primary purpose of this investigation was to test the hypothesis that L-ascorbic acid (AsA) and pyridoxine (B6) pretreatment can completely or partially alleviate the effect of extreme temperature stress on seed germination and other physiological activities of alfalfa seedlings. Such treatment could be of importance for the establishment of alfalfa seedlings under temperature conditions colder or hotter than the optimum.Several parameters were studied in alfalfa seedlings primed before germination with 50 ppm ascorbic acid or 50 ppm pyridoxine for 6 h and then subjected to various temperatures (10, 15, 20, 25, 30, 35 and 40°C) for 7 days.The germination percentage of alfalfa seeds was negatively affected by extreme temperature. The vitamin treatments failed to alleviate the depressive effect of extreme temperature stress on seed germination. Extreme temperature also induced a reduction in the growth, total water content and respiration rate of alfalfa seedlings. Seed soaking in vitamins modified the stress-induced changes in respiration rate and growth criteria. Temperatures above or below the optimum stimulated the accumulation of soluble carbohydrates in alfalfa seedlings. Treatment with AsA or B6 partially or completely retarded the stimulatory effects of extreme temperature on soluble carbohydrate accumulation in the seedlings except in the case of 40 °C, where a significant stimulation was detected. However, extreme temperature stress and its interactive effects with AsA or B6 induced an inhibitory effect on the accumulation of free amino acids and soluble proteins in the test seedlings.
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Yaremko, O. V., and R. A. Pelenio. "АКТИВНІСТЬ АМІНОТРАНСФЕРАЗ У СИРОВАТЦІ КРОВІ ТЕЛЯТ ЗА ДІЇ ПІРИДОКСИНУ ГІДРОХЛОРИДУ." Scientific Messenger of LNU of Veterinary Medicine and Biotechnologies 18, no. 3(71) (October 8, 2016): 209–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.15421/nvlvet7148.
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The influence of pyridoxine hydrochloride (vitamin B6) activity in serum aminotransferases in dairy calves growing period (1 to 90 days). Calves control group received basic diet, but research from the first days of life to the basic diet added pyridoxine hydrochloride doses: I group – 1.0; II – 2.0; III – 3.0; IV – 4.0 V and group – 5.0 mg / kg body weight. Blood for the study was before the morning feeding at 1, 5, 21, 60 and 90 days after birth. Research aminotransferase activity was determined by the content of serum aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and the ratio between them using factor where Ritisa.It was established that the addition of colostrum to milk and pyridoxine hydrochloride leads to increased aminotransferase activity. The low activity of AST and ALT in blood serum of calves of all groups was on the first day of life. Effects of pyridoxine hydrochloride on aminotransferase activity was shown during the research period. Adding to the colostrum vitamin B6 increases the activity of AST by 10 percent or more doses of only 3.0, 4.0 and 5.0 mg/kg body weight. Probably higher AST activity detected in animals II, III, IV and V groups at 21 and 60 days. On the 90th day of the experiment AST activity in serum of calves research groups stabilized, which may indicate the ability of vitamin B6 stimulate the growth and development of microorganisms scar. Adding to the colostrum and milk pyridoxine hydrochloride led to growth within the physiological norm ALT activity. Significant difference between ALT control and experimental groups established in calves III, IV and V groups 21, 60 and 90 day experiment, calves and the second group on day 90 of the experiment. Stabilization of enzyme activity investigated is set to 21 days in calves group IV, 60 – the third group and 90 days in calves second group. The ratio of AST to ALT (coefficient de Ritis) do not go beyond the physiological norm. For correction of vitamin–supply calves 1–21 days old is the optimal dose of daily supplement intake of calves 4 mg / kg body weight of vitamin B6 for calves with 21–60–day age – 3 mg / kg and 60 calves 90–day age – 2 mg / kg body weight.
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Bostom, Andrew G., Gintaras Liaugaudas, Paul F. Jacques, Irwin H. Rosenberg, and Jacob Selhub. "Total Homocysteine Lowering Treatment Among Coronary Artery Disease Patients in the Era of Folic Acid Fortified Cereal Grain Flour." Circulation 103, suppl_1 (March 2001): 1367. http://dx.doi.org/10.1161/circ.103.suppl_1.9998-86.
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P86 Background: The prevalence of both deficient plasma folate status, and elevated total (t) plasma levels of the putatively atherothrombotic amino acid homocysteine (Hcy), have been dramatically reduced since the recent advent of fortification of all enriched cereal grain flour products with physiological amounts (i.e., 140 μg/ 100 g flour) of folic acid. Against this new background fortification, we evaluated the tHcy-lowering efficacy of pharmacological dose, folic acid based B-vitamin supplementation among stable coronary artery disease (CAD) patients. Methods and Results: Using a 2x2 factorial design, we randomly assigned 131 stable CAD patients (mean age 60.1 years; 29.8 % women) to folic acid 2.5 mg/d, riboflavin 5 mg/d, + B12 0.4 mg/d [ FA group] or FA placebo [PL] , ± B6 [ B6 group] 50 mg/d or B6 placebo[PL], for 12 weeks of treatment. All pre-treatment and final on-treatment analyte values were based on the average of two blood collections performed within 1-week. Geometric mean pre-treatment, on-treatment, and pre-treatment minus on-treatment change in (Δ) tHcy levels (μmol/L), were- FA, B6 (n=31): 8.7 (pre-), 7.4 (on-), Δ= -1.3; B6, PL (n=32): 8.7 (pre-), 9.1 (on-), Δ= + 0.4; FA, PL (n=34): 9.0 (pre-), 8.0 (on-), Δ= - 1.0; PL, PL (n=34): 8.4 (pre-), 8.5 (on-), Δ= + 0.1. ANCOVA adjusted for baseline tHcy levels revealed that the very modest (i.e., ∼ 1.0 μmol/L) reductions in fasting values afforded by the FA containing treatments were statistically significant (p <0.05). Conclusions: In the era of cereal grain flour products fortified with physiological amounts of folic acid, stable CAD patients supplemented with high dose, folic acid containing B-vitamin regimens experience only very modest reductions in their mean plasma tHcy levels. These findings have important implications for the statistical power of clinical trials testing the hypothesis that tHcy-lowering treatment may reduce recurrent atherothrombotic event rates.
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Goss, Glenwood D., and Michael W. McBurney. "Physiological and Clinical Aspects of Vitamin A and Its Metabolites." Critical Reviews in Clinical Laboratory Sciences 29, no. 3-4 (January 1992): 185–215. http://dx.doi.org/10.3109/10408369209114600.
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Schümann. "Interactions Between Drugs and Vitamins at Advanced Age." International Journal for Vitamin and Nutrition Research 69, no. 3 (May 1, 1999): 173–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1024/0300-9831.69.3.173.
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Drug consumption increases at advanced age due to increased morbidity. At the same time the state of repletion is reduced for several vitamins. Physiological and kinetic alterations in the elderly are reviewed in order to analyse possible interrelations between these two phenomena. At high age the status of all vitamins is compromised by reduced food intake. Decreased active intestinal transport and an increased propensity for atrophic gastritis may reduce the absorption of vitamins A, B1, folate and B12. Decreased exposure to sunlight and reduced cutaneous synthesis impair the vitamin D status. Studies on the state of vitamin repletion in hospital patients indicate a specific response of vitamins A, B1, B6 and C to drug administration at advanced age. Reduced food intake in the elderly is further compromised by drugs that impair appetite and absorption. Anticonvulsives and other drugs that induce hepatic microsomal enzymes accelerate vitamin D metabolism and aggravate postmenopausal osteoporosis. Acid inhibiting agents increase achlorhydria and reduce vitamin B12 absorption. Renal clearance of acidic drugs such as acetylsalicylic acid and barbituric acid, which is impaired at high age, is further reduced by high doses of vitamin C. Vitamin B6 reduces the therapeutic effect of L-dopa. When recognised, the negative effects of drug-vitamin interactions can be compensated by adequate vitamin supplementation and by adaptation of drug dosing.
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Srinivasan, Padmanabhan, Vignesh Ramesh, Jie Wu, Christopher Heskett, Brian D. Chu, and Hamid M. Said. "Pyridoxine and pancreatic acinar cells: transport physiology and effect on gene expression profile." American Journal of Physiology-Cell Physiology 317, no. 6 (December 1, 2019): C1107—C1114. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpcell.00225.2019.
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Pyridoxine (vitamin B6), an essential micronutrient for normal cell physiology, plays an important role in the function of the exocrine pancreas. Pancreatic acinar cells (PACs) obtain vitamin B6 from circulation, but little is known about the mechanism involved in the uptake process; limited information also exists on the effect of pyridoxine availability on the gene expression profile in these cells. We addressed both these issues in the current investigation using mouse-derived pancreatic acinar 266-6 cells (PAC 266-6) and human primary PACs (hPACs; obtained from organ donors), together with appropriate physiological and molecular (RNA-Seq) approaches. The results showed [3H]pyridoxine uptake to be 1) pH and temperature (but not Na+) dependent, 2) saturable as a function of concentration, 3) cis-inhibited by unlabeled pyridoxine and its close structural analogs, 4) trans-stimulated by unlabeled pyridoxine, 5) regulated by an intracellular Ca2+/calmodulin-mediated pathway, 6) adaptively-regulated by extracellular substrate (pyridoxine) availability, and 7) negatively impacted by exposure to cigarette smoke extract. Vitamin B6 availability was found (by means of RNA-Seq) to significantly (FDR < 0.05) modulate the expression profile of many genes in PAC 266-6 cells (including those that are relevant to pancreatic health and development). These studies demonstrate, for the first time, the involvement of a regulatable and specific carrier-mediated mechanism for pyridoxine uptake by PACs; the results also show that pyridoxine availability exerts profound effects on the gene expression profile in mammalian PACs.
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Ibrahim, Ghada Rashad, Iltaf Shah, Salah Gariballa, Javed Yasin, James Barker, and Syed Salman Ashraf. "Significantly Elevated Levels of Plasma Nicotinamide, Pyridoxal, and Pyridoxamine Phosphate Levels in Obese Emirati Population: A Cross-Sectional Study." Molecules 25, no. 17 (August 28, 2020): 3932. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules25173932.
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Water-soluble vitamins like B3 (nicotinamide), B6 (pyridoxine), and B9 (folic acid) are of utmost importance in human health and disease, as they are involved in numerous critical metabolic reactions. Not surprisingly, deficiencies of these vitamins have been linked to various disease states. Unfortunately, not much is known about the physiological levels of B6 vitamers and vitamin B3 in an ethnically isolated group (such as an Emirati population), as well as their relationship with obesity. The aim of the present study was to quantify various B6 vitamers, as well as B3, in the plasma of obese and healthy Emirati populations and to examine their correlation with obesity. A sensitive and robust HPLC-MS/MS-based method was developed for the simultaneous quantitation of five physiologically relevant forms of vitamin B6, namely pyridoxal, pyridoxine, pyridoxamine, pyridoxamine phosphate, and pyridoxal phosphate, as well as nicotinamide, in human plasma. This method was used to quantify the concentrations of these vitamers in the plasma of 57 healthy and 57 obese Emirati volunteers. Our analysis showed that the plasma concentrations of nicotinamide, pyridoxal, and pyridoxamine phosphate in the obese Emirati population were significantly higher than those in healthy volunteers (p < 0.0001, p = 0.0006, and p = 0.002, respectively). No significant differences were observed for the plasma concentrations of pyridoxine and pyridoxal phosphate. Furthermore, the concentrations of some of these vitamers in healthy Emirati volunteers were significantly different than those published in the literature for Western populations, such as American and European volunteers. This initial study underscores the need to quantify micronutrients in distinct ethnic groups, as well as people suffering from chronic metabolic disorders.
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VAHLQUIST, ANDERS. "Clinical use of vitamin A and its derivatives- physiological and pharmacological aspects*." Clinical and Experimental Dermatology 10, no. 2 (March 1985): 133–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2230.1985.tb00541.x.
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Montpetit, V. J., S. Dancea, L. Tryphonas, and D. F. Clapin. "Membrane-associated microtubular areays induced in proximal myelinated processes of dorsal root ganglia by large doses of vitamin B6." Proceedings, annual meeting, Electron Microscopy Society of America 44 (August 1986): 368–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0424820100143468.
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Very large doses of pyridoxine (vitamin B6) are neurotoxic in humans, selectively affecting the peripheral sensory nerves. We have undertaken a study of the morphological and biochemical aspects of pyridoxine neurotoxicity in an animal model system. Early morphological changes in dorsal root ganglia (DRG) associated with pyridoxine megadoses include proliferation of neurofilaments, ribosomes, rough endoplasmic reticulum, and Golgi complexes. We present in this report evidence of the formation of unique aggregates of microtubules and membranes in the proximal processes of DRG which are induced by high levels of pyridoxine.
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Hirota, Yoshihisa, and Yoshitomo Suhara. "New Aspects of Vitamin K Research with Synthetic Ligands: Transcriptional Activity via SXR and Neural Differentiation Activity." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 20, no. 12 (June 20, 2019): 3006. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms20123006.
Full textAbstract:
Vitamin K is classified into three homologs depending on the side-chain structure, with 2-methyl-1,4-naphthoqumone as the basic skeleton. These homologs are vitamin K1 (phylloquinone: PK), derived from plants with a phythyl side chain; vitamin K2 (menaquinone-n: MK-n), derived from intestinal bacteria with an isoprene side chain; and vitamin K3 (menadione: MD), a synthetic product without a side chain. Vitamin K homologs have physiological effects, including in blood coagulation and in osteogenic activity via γ-glutamyl carboxylase and are used clinically. Recent studies have revealed that vitamin K homologs are converted to MK-4 by the UbiA prenyltransferase domain-containing protein 1 (UBIAD1) in vivo and accumulate in all tissues. Although vitamin K is considered to have important physiological effects, its precise activities and mechanisms largely remain unclear. Recent research on vitamin K has suggested various new roles, such as transcriptional activity as an agonist of steroid and xenobiotic nuclear receptor and differentiation-inducing activity in neural stem cells. In this review, we describe synthetic ligands based on vitamin K and exhibit that the strength of biological activity can be controlled by modification of the side chain part.
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Achón, M., E. Alonso-Aperte, L. Reyes, N. Úbeda, and G. Varela-Moreiras. "High-dose folic acid supplementation in rats: effects on gestation and the methionine cycle." British Journal of Nutrition 83, no. 2 (February 2000): 177–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0007114500000222.
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There is new evidence that a good folate status may play a critical role in the prevention of neural-tube defects and in lowering elevated homocysteine concentrations. This adequate folate status may be achieved through folic acid dietary supplementation. Folate is a water-soluble vitamin with a low potential toxicity. However, the possible consequences of long-term high-dose folic acid supplementation are unknown, especially those related to the methionine cycle, where folate participates as a substrate. With the aim of evaluating such possible effects, four groups of Wistar rats were classified on the basis of physiological status (virgin v. pregnant) and the experimental diet administered (folic-acid-supplemented, 40 mg/kg diet v. control, 2 mg folic acid/kg diet). Animals were fed on the diets for 3 weeks. Results showed that gestation outcome was adequate in both groups regardless of the dietary supplementation. However, there were reductions (P < 0·001) in body weight and vertex-coccyx length in fetuses from supplemented dams v. control animals. Folic acid administration also induced a higher (P < 0·01) S-adenosylmethionine : S-adenosylhomocysteine value due to increased S-adenosylmethionine synthesis (P < 0·01). However, hepatic DNA methylation and serum methionine concentrations remained unchanged. Serum homocysteine levels were reduced in supplemented dams (P < 0·05). Finally, pregnancy caused lower serum folate, vitamin B6 and vitamin B12 levels (P < 0·05). Folic acid administration prevented the effect of pregnancy and raised folate levels in dams, but did not change levels of vitamins B12 and B6. These new findings are discussed on the basis of potential benefits and risks of dietary folic acid supplementation.
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Zamani, Akbar, Farid Shariatmadari, Shaban Rahimi, and Mohammad Amir Karimi Torshizi. "Effects of in ovo injection of carbohydrates, β-hydroxy-β-methylbutyrate, and vitamins on ostrich organ weight, bone characteristics, and small intestinal morphology." Canadian Journal of Animal Science 99, no. 1 (March 1, 2019): 116–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/cjas-2017-0167.
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A total of 144 ostrich eggs (24 per group) were injected with 4 mL of physiological saline solution [positive control (PC)], carbohydrates (CHO — 20% maltose, 2.5% sucrose, and 2.5% dextrin), β-hydroxy-β-methylbutyrate (HMB), vitamin B6 solution, and vitamin D3 (vit D3) solution at 38 d of incubation. Injection of 4 mL physiological saline decreased the hatchability compared with negative control (NC) group (not injected eggs) (68.5% vs. 71.7%; P < 0.05). There was also lower hatchability and more number of embryonic deaths before piping in vitamin-injected group (72.2%). Heart, gizzard, pancreas, spleen and thymus, ileum, cecum, and rectum relative weight were not significantly different among treatments at hatch (P > 0.05). Carbohydrates group had higher duodenum and jejunum relative weight, whereas NC and PC groups had the least duodenum, jejunum relative weight (P < 0.05). Vit D3 injection increased bone strength, fresh and dry bone relative weight (P < 0.01). Chicks from HMB and CHO group had the highest levels of glycogen in the livers, whereas PC, NC, and vit D3 exhibited very low levels of glycogen in their liver (P = 0.014). Vitamins in ovo injected groups had the least duodenum villus height and also vit D3 group had the least jejunum villus height (P < 0.01). In conclusion, the use of CHO for the in ovo injection of ostrich hatching eggs would be practical in industry due to improvement in hatchability, bone characteristics, small intestine villus height and capacity, and also liver glycogen sources.
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Kurmacheva, N. A., E. V. Verizhnikova, G. Yu Chernyshova, Yu V. Chernenkov, and O. M. Kharitonova. "Clinical and economic feasibility study of the use of vitamin and mineral complexes in case of miscarriage." Gynecology 19, no. 6 (December 15, 2017): 4–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.26442/2079-5696_19.6.4-10.
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The purpose: to conduct a pharmacoeconomic analysis of two schemes of vitamin-mineral drugs in the peri-gestation period in women with habitual miscarriage and polymorphisms of folate cycle genes, giving birth to full-term children. Materials and methods: the cost-effectiveness of vitamin-mineral preparations in two groups of women was calculated. Patients of the 1st group (n=60) received pregravidno and during pregnancy a vitamin-mineral complex containing in one tablet metafolin, other vitamins of group B, vitamins C, E, PP and iodine (150 mcg) in physiological dosages, and also 200 mg of docosahexaenoic acid in a capsule intended for use from the 13th week until the end of pregnancy. Women of the 2nd group (n=54) took high doses of synthetic folic acid, vitamins B6 and B12 as part of two vitamin and mineral preparations during the pregravid preparation and gestational period. During pregnancy, the patients of both groups received an additional 100 mcg of potassium iodide daily. Results: in the 1st group, the cost-effectiveness ratio was 1.6 times lower and the clinical efficacy was significantly higher than in the 2nd group and consisted in a significant decrease in the incidence of preeclampsia, placental insufficiency, intrauterine fetal hypoxia, complications in the time of delivery, as well as the diseases in their children in the early neonatal period (1.5-3.9 times, p
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Basu, Tapan K., Neelam Makhani, and Gary Sedgwick. "Niacin (nicotinic acid) in non-physiological doses causes hyperhomocysteineaemia in Sprague–Dawley rats." British Journal of Nutrition 87, no. 2 (February 2002): 115–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1079/bjn2001486.
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Niacin (nicotinic acid) in its non-physiological dose level is known to be an effective lipid-lowering agent; its potential risk as a therapeutic agent, however, has not been critically considered. Since niacin is excreted predominantly as methylated pyridones, requiring methionine as a methyl donor, the present study was undertaken to examine whether metabolism of the amino acid is altered in the presence of large doses of niacin. Male Sprague–Dawley rats were given a nutritionally adequate, semi-synthetic diet containing niacin at a level of either 400 or 1000 mg/kg diet (compared to 30 mg/kg in the control diet) for up to 3 months. Supplementation with niacin (1000 mg/kg diet) for 3 months resulted in a significant increase in plasma and urinary total homocysteine levels; this increase was further accentuated in the presence of a high methionine diet. The hyperhomocysteineaemia was accompanied by a significant decrease in plasma concentrations of vitamins B6 and B12, which are cofactors for the metabolism of homocysteine. The homocysteine-raising action of niacin, in particular, has an important toxicological implication, as hyperhomocysteineaemia is considered to be an independent risk factor for arterial occlusive disease. The niacin-associated change in homocysteine status may be an important limiting factor in the use of this vitamin as a lipid-lowering agent.
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Lykkesfeldt, Jens, and Pernille Tveden-Nyborg. "The Pharmacokinetics of Vitamin C." Nutrients 11, no. 10 (October 9, 2019): 2412. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu11102412.
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The pharmacokinetics of vitamin C (vitC) is indeed complex. Regulated primarily by a family of saturable sodium dependent vitC transporters (SVCTs), the absorption and elimination are highly dose-dependent. Moreover, the tissue specific expression levels and subtypes of these SVCTs result in a compartmentalized distribution pattern with a diverse range of organ concentrations of vitC at homeostasis ranging from about 0.2 mM in the muscle and heart, and up to 10 mM in the brain and adrenal gland. The homeostasis of vitC is influenced by several factors, including genetic polymorphisms and environmental and lifestyle factors such as smoking and diet, as well as diseases. Going from physiological to pharmacological doses, vitC pharmacokinetics change from zero to first order, rendering the precise calculation of dosing regimens in, for example, cancer and sepsis treatment possible. Unfortunately, the complex pharmacokinetics of vitC has often been overlooked in the design of intervention studies, giving rise to misinterpretations and erroneous conclusions. The present review outlines the diverse aspects of vitC pharmacokinetics and examines how they affect vitC homeostasis under a variety of conditions.
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Liedtke, Daniel, Christine Hofmann, Franz Jakob, Eva Klopocki, and Stephanie Graser. "Tissue-Nonspecific Alkaline Phosphatase—A Gatekeeper of Physiological Conditions in Health and a Modulator of Biological Environments in Disease." Biomolecules 10, no. 12 (December 8, 2020): 1648. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/biom10121648.
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Tissue-nonspecific alkaline phosphatase (TNAP) is a ubiquitously expressed enzyme that is best known for its role during mineralization processes in bones and skeleton. The enzyme metabolizes phosphate compounds like inorganic pyrophosphate and pyridoxal-5′-phosphate to provide, among others, inorganic phosphate for the mineralization and transportable vitamin B6 molecules. Patients with inherited loss of function mutations in the ALPL gene and consequently altered TNAP activity are suffering from the rare metabolic disease hypophosphatasia (HPP). This systemic disease is mainly characterized by impaired bone and dental mineralization but may also be accompanied by neurological symptoms, like anxiety disorders, seizures, and depression. HPP characteristically affects all ages and shows a wide range of clinical symptoms and disease severity, which results in the classification into different clinical subtypes. This review describes the molecular function of TNAP during the mineralization of bones and teeth, further discusses the current knowledge on the enzyme’s role in the nervous system and in sensory perception. An additional focus is set on the molecular role of TNAP in health and on functional observations reported in common laboratory vertebrate disease models, like rodents and zebrafish.
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Kuwaki, Shinsuke, Nobuyoshi Nakajima, Hidehiko Tanaka, and Kohji Ishihara. "Plant-based Paste Fermented by Lactic Acid Bacteria and Yeast: Functional Analysis and Possibility of Application to Functional Foods." Biochemistry Insights 5 (January 2012): BCI.S10529. http://dx.doi.org/10.4137/bci.s10529.
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A plant-based paste fermented by lactic acid bacteria and yeast (fermented paste) was made from various plant materials. The paste was made of fermented food by applying traditional food-preservation techniques, that is, fermentation and sugaring. The fermented paste contained major nutrients (carbohydrates, proteins, and lipids), 18 kinds of amino acids, and vitamins (vitamin A, B1 B2, B6, B12, E, K, niacin, biotin, pantothenic acid, and folic acid). It contained five kinds of organic acids, and a large amount of dietary fiber and plant phytochemicals. Sucrose from brown sugar, used as a material, was completely resolved into glucose and fructose. Some physiological functions of the fermented paste were examined in vitro. It was demonstrated that the paste possessed antioxidant, antihypertensive, antibacterial, anti-inflammatory, anti-allergy and anti-tyrosinase activities in vitro. It was thought that the fermented paste would be a helpful functional food with various nutrients to help prevent lifestyle diseases.
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Ibuki, Mari, Deokho Lee, Ari Shinojima, Yukihiro Miwa, Kazuo Tsubota, and Toshihide Kurihara. "Rice Bran and Vitamin B6 Suppress Pathological Neovascularization in a Murine Model of Age-Related Macular Degeneration as Novel HIF Inhibitors." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 21, no. 23 (November 25, 2020): 8940. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms21238940.
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Pathological neovascularization in the eye is a leading cause of blindness in all age groups from retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) in children to age-related macular degeneration (AMD) in the elderly. Inhibiting neovascularization via antivascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) drugs has been used for the effective treatment. However, anti-VEGF therapies may cause development of chorioretinal atrophy as they affect a physiological amount of VEGF essential for retinal homeostasis. Furthermore, anti-VEGF therapies are still ineffective in some cases, especially in patients with AMD. Hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF) is a strong regulator of VEGF induction under hypoxic and other stress conditions. Our previous reports have indicated that HIF is associated with pathological retinal neovascularization in murine models of ROP and AMD, and HIF inhibition suppresses neovascularization by reducing an abnormal increase in VEGF expression. Along with this, we attempted to find novel effective HIF inhibitors from natural foods of our daily lives. Food ingredients were screened for prospective HIF inhibitors in ocular cell lines of 661W and ARPE-19, and a murine AMD model was utilized for examining suppressive effects of the ingredients on retinal neovascularization. As a result, rice bran and its component, vitamin B6 showed inhibitory effects on HIF activation and suppressed VEGF mRNA induction under a CoCl2-induced pseudo-hypoxic condition. Dietary supplement of these significantly suppressed retinal neovascularization in the AMD model. These data suggest that rice bran could have promising therapeutic values in the management of pathological ocular neovascularization.
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Otocka-Kmiecik, Aneta, and Aleksandra Król. "The Role of Vitamin C in Two Distinct Physiological States: Physical Activity and Sleep." Nutrients 12, no. 12 (December 21, 2020): 3908. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu12123908.
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This paper is a literature overview of the complex relationship between vitamin C and two opposing physiological states, physical activity and sleep. The evidence suggests a clinically important bidirectional association between these two phenomena mediated by different physiological mechanisms. With this in mind, and knowing that both states share a connection with oxidative stress, we discuss the existing body of evidence to answer the question of whether vitamin C supplementation can be beneficial in the context of sleep health and key aspects of physical activity, such as performance, metabolic changes, and antioxidant function. We analyze the effect of ascorbic acid on the main sleep components, sleep duration and quality, focusing on the most common disorders: insomnia, obstructive sleep apnea, and restless legs syndrome. Deeper understanding of those interactions has implications for both public health and clinical practice.
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Yan, Guangli, Aihua Zhang, Hui Sun, Weiping Cheng, Xiangcai Meng, Li Liu, Yingzhi Zhang, Ning Xie, and Xijun Wang. "Dissection of Biological Property of Chinese Acupuncture Point Zusanli Based on Long-Term Treatment via Modulating Multiple Metabolic Pathways." Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine 2013 (2013): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2013/429703.
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Acupuncture has a history of over 3000 years and is a traditional Chinese medical therapy that uses hair-thin metal needles to puncture the skin at specific points on the body to promote wellbeing, while its molecular mechanism and ideal biological pathways are still not clear. High-throughput metabolomics is the global assessment of endogenous metabolites within a biologic system and can potentially provide a more accurate snap shot of the actual physiological state. We hypothesize that acupuncture-treated human would produce unique characterization of metabolic phenotypes. In this study, UPLC/ESI-HDMS coupled with pattern recognition methods and system analysis were carried out to investigate the mechanism and metabolite biomarkers for acupuncture treatment at “Zusanli” acupoint (ST-36) as a case study. The top 5 canonical pathways includingalpha-linolenic acid metabolism, d-glutamine and d-glutamate metabolism, citrate cycle, alanine, aspartate, and glutamate metabolism, and vitamin B6 metabolism pathways were acutely perturbed, and 53 differential metabolites were identified by chemical profiling and may be useful to clarify the physiological basis and mechanism of ST-36. More importantly, network construction has led to the integration of metabolites associated with the multiple perturbation pathways. Urine metabolic profiling might be a promising method to investigate the molecular mechanism of acupuncture.
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Zhang, Ru, Yonghua Li, Yuefeng Xu, Zhenfeng Zang, Hairong Li, and Li Wang. "Effects of Dietary Supplements on the Bioaccessibility of Se, Zn and Cd in Rice: Preliminary Observations from In Vitro Gastrointestinal Simulation Tests." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 17, no. 14 (July 10, 2020): 4978. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17144978.
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Trace elements such as selenium (Se) and zinc (Zn) are essential elements in the human body, while cadmium (Cd) has no physiological function. A high proportion of people consume dietary supplements to enhance the performance of the body or alter the nutrient contents within the body. Therefore, this study was conducted to evaluate the interaction effects of several popular dietary supplements on the bioaccessibility of Se, Zn and Cd in rice with the hope of identifying dietary supplements that can increase rice Se and Zn bioaccessibility but decrease rice Cd bioaccessibility. The results from in vitro gastrointestinal simulation tests showed that the bioaccessibility of these elements in rice was in the order of Cd (52.07%) > Zn (36.63%) > Se (10.19%) during the gastric phase and Zn (26.82%) > Cd (18.72%) > Se (14.70%) during the intestinal phase. The bioaccessibility of Se during the intestinal phase was greater than that during the gastric phase, and the bioaccessibility of Zn and Cd were the opposite. The bioaccessibility of Se significantly increased in response to vitamin C (VC), vitamin E (VE), vitamin B6 (VB6) and vitamin B9 (VB9), especially VC, which also increased the bioaccessibility of Zn and decreased that of Cd. Procyanidins (OPC), methionine (Met) and coenzyme Q10 (Q10) significantly reduced the bioaccessibility of Se. These results suggest that the reasonable use of dietary supplements can effectively regulate the in vivo contents of trace elements, which provide valuable information for developing health interventions to address problems for specific people, especially selenium-deficient people.
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Weston, William C., Karen H. Hales, and Dale B. Hales. "Flaxseed Increases Animal Lifespan and Reduces Ovarian Cancer Severity by Toxically Augmenting One-Carbon Metabolism." Molecules 26, no. 18 (September 18, 2021): 5674. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules26185674.
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We used an LC-MS/MS metabolomics approach to investigate one-carbon metabolism in the plasma of flaxseed-fed White Leghorn laying hens (aged 3.5 years). In our study, dietary flaxseed (via the activity of a vitamin B6 antagonist known as “1-amino d-proline”) induced at least 15-fold elevated plasma cystathionine. Surprisingly, plasma homocysteine (Hcy) was stable in flaxseed-fed hens despite such highly elevated cystathionine. To explain stable Hcy, our data suggest accelerated Hcy remethylation via BHMT and MS-B12. Also supporting accelerated Hcy remethylation, we observed elevated S-adenosylmethionine (SAM), an elevated SAM:SAH ratio, and elevated methylthioadenosine (MTA), in flaxseed-fed hens. These results suggest that flaxseed increases SAM biosynthesis and possibly increases polyamine biosynthesis. The following endpoint phenotypes were observed in hens consuming flaxseed: decreased physiological aging, increased empirical lifespan, 9–14% reduced body mass, and improved liver function. Overall, we suggest that flaxseed can protect women from ovarian tumor metastasis by decreasing omental adiposity. We also propose that flaxseed protects cancer patients from cancer-associated cachexia by enhancing liver function.
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Chueansuwan, Rachaneeporn. "Vitamin D in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD)." Thai Journal of Hepatology 1, no. 3 (October 1, 2018): 14–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.30856/th.jhep2018vol1iss3_03.
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Vitamin D is increasingly accepted as an important physiological regulator of several organ systems apart from its classical role in skeletal homeostasis. In recent years, new scientific discoveryon vitamin D expands our knowledge of its actions in many aspects such as immune modulation, cell differentiation and proliferation, and inflammatory regulations. Vitamin D deficiency is one of the mostcommon micronutrient deficiencies worldwide. Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and vitamin D deficiency often coexist. In addition, epidemiologic evidence has shown that both conditions shareseveral cardio-metabolic risk factors. While pre-clinical experimental data is promising, most clinical trials based on the effect of vitamin D in NASH are under-powered and inconclusive. Further studiesare required to elucidate the beneficial effect of vitamin D or its analogues in NASH. In this article, we provide an overview of the epidemiology and pathophysiology linking NAFLD and vitamin D deficiency,as well as the available evidence on the clinical utility of vitamin D supplementation in NAFLD.
Figure 1 แสดงวิตามินดีเมตาบอลิสม์ (ดัดแปลงจากเอกสารอ้างอิง Hossein-Nezhad and Holick (12))
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Pacier, Callen, and Danik M. Martirosyan. "Vitamin C: optimal dosages, supplementation and use in disease prevention." Functional Foods in Health and Disease 5, no. 3 (March 7, 2015): 89. http://dx.doi.org/10.31989/ffhd.v5i3.174.
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Background: The importance of vitamin C as a way to prevent scurvy has been known for centuries. More recent research on vitamin C has expanded beyond scurvy prevention, providing promising evidence for additional health benefits and clinical applications. This review of scientific literature will evaluate many aspects of vitamin C including deficient versus optimal blood plasma levels, adequate daily amounts necessary to maintain ideal levels, and the safety of higher doses. It will also focus on the importance of vitamin C as a powerful bioactive compound, and its utilization in the prevention and management of different chronic diseases. This review is necessary to express the importance of alternative healthcare methods in both preventative and clinical care. Vitamin C was chosen as a representative of this concept due to its powerful antioxidant capacity, incredibly important physiological implications, and very minimal chance of side-effects. This review focuses on studies involving human participants that address how vitamin C is important for our health.Keywords: Ascorbic acid, deficiency, disease, dose, health, supplementation, vitamin C
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Calder, Philip C., and Samantha Kew. "The immune system: a target for functional foods?" British Journal of Nutrition 88, S2 (November 2002): S165—S176. http://dx.doi.org/10.1079/bjn2002682.
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The immune system acts to protect the host from infectious agents that exist in the environment (bacteria, viruses, fungi, parasites) and from other noxious insults. The immune system is constantly active, acting to discriminate ‘non-self’ from ‘self’. The immune system has two functional divisions: the innate and the acquired. Both components involve various blood-borne factors (complement, antibodies, cytokines) and cells. A number of methodologies exist to assess aspects of immune function; many of these rely upon studying cells in cultureex vivo. There are large inter-individual variations in many immune functions even among the healthy. Genetics, age, gender, smoking habits, habitual levels of exercise, alcohol consumption, diet, stage in the female menstrual cycle, stress, history of infections and vaccinations, and early life experiences are likely to be important contributors to the observed variation. While it is clear that individuals with immune responses significantly below ‘normal’ are more susceptible to infectious agents and exhibit increased infectious morbidity and mortality, it is not clear how the variation in immune function among healthy individuals relates to variation in susceptibility to infection. Nutrient status is an important factor contributing to immune competence: undernutrition impairs the immune system, suppressing immune functions that are fundamental to host protection. Undernutrition leading to impairment of immune function can be due to insufficient intake of energy and macronutrients and/or due to deficiencies in specific micronutrients. Often these occur in combination. Nutrients that have been demonstrated (in either animal or human studies) to be required for the immune system to function efficiently include essential amino acids, the essential fatty acid linoleic acid, vitamin A, folic acid, vitamin B6, vitamin B12, vitamin C, vitamin E, Zn, Cu, Fe and Se. Practically all forms of immunity may be affected by deficiencies in one or more of these nutrients. Animal and human studies have demonstrated that adding the deficient nutrient back to the diet can restore immune function and resistance to infection. Among the nutrients studied most in this regard are vitamin E and Zn. Increasing intakes of some nutrients above habitual and recommended levels can enhance some aspects of immune function. However, excess amounts of some nutrients also impair immune function. There is increasing evidence that probiotic bacteria improve host immune function. The effect of enhancing immune function on host resistance to infection in healthy individuals is not clear.
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Nehring, Helene, Svenja Meierjohann, and Jose Pedro Friedmann Angeli. "Emerging aspects in the regulation of ferroptosis." Biochemical Society Transactions 48, no. 5 (October 14, 2020): 2253–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1042/bst20200523.
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Lipid peroxidation has been associated with a wide array of (patho)physiological conditions. Remarkably, in the last few years, a novel cell death modality termed ferroptosis was recognized as a process initiated by iron-dependent oxidation of lipids. The sensitivity to ferroptosis is determined by the activity of antioxidant systems working on the repair of oxidized phospholipids and also metabolic pathways controlling the availability of substrates susceptible to lipid peroxidation. Non-enzymatic antioxidants such as vitamin E, which has long been acknowledged as an efficient inhibitor of lipid peroxidation, play an important and often neglected role in subverting ferroptosis. Recent works dissecting the mechanisms that determine ferroptosis sensitivity have provided further insights into the contribution of alternative metabolic pathways able to suppress lipid peroxidation. Specifically, the role of ubiquinone and tetrahydrobiopterin (BH4) has been brought forth, with the identification of specific enzymatic systems responsible for their regeneration, as critical factors suppressing ferroptosis. Therefore, in the present manuscript, we address these emerging concepts and propose that the characterization of these antioxidant repair mechanisms will not only open a new understanding of disease conditions where ferroptosis plays a role but also offer opportunities to identify and sensitize cells to ferroptosis in the context of cancer treatment.
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Ghosal, Abhisek, and Hamid M. Said. "Mechanism and regulation of vitamin B2 (riboflavin) uptake by mouse and human pancreatic β-cells/islets: physiological and molecular aspects." American Journal of Physiology-Gastrointestinal and Liver Physiology 303, no. 9 (November 1, 2012): G1052—G1058. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpgi.00314.2012.
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Riboflavin (RF) is essential for the normal metabolic activities of pancreatic β-cells and provides protection against oxidative stress. Very little is known about the mechanism of RF uptake by these cells and how the process is regulated. We addressed these issues using mouse-derived pancreatic β-TC-6 cells and freshly isolated primary mouse and human pancreatic islets. Our results showed 3H-RF uptake by β-TC-6 cells is Na+ independent, cis inhibited by RF-related compounds, trans stimulated by unlabeled RF, and saturable as a function of concentration (apparent Km of 0.17 ± 0.02 μM). The latter findings suggest involvement of a carrier-mediated process. Similarly, RF uptake by primary mouse and human pancreatic islets was via carrier-mediated process. RF transporters 1, 2, and 3 (RFVT-1, -3, and -2) were all expressed in mouse and human pancreatic β-cells/islets, with RFVT-1 being the predominant transporter expressed in the mouse and RFVT-3 in the human. Specific knockdown of RFVT-1 with gene-specific small interfering RNA leads to a significant inhibition in RF uptake by β-TC-6 cells. RF uptake by β-TC-6 cells was also found to be adaptively upregulated in RF deficiency via a transcriptional mechanism(s). Also, the process appears to be under the regulation of a Ca2+/calmodulin-mediated regulatory pathway. Results of these studies demonstrate, for the first time, the involvement of a carrier-mediated process for RF uptake by mouse and human pancreatic β-cells/islets. Furthermore, the process appears to be regulated by extracellular and intracellular factors.
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Flannigan, Kyle L., Kathy D. McCoy, and John L. Wallace. "Eukaryotic and prokaryotic contributions to colonic hydrogen sulfide synthesis." American Journal of Physiology-Gastrointestinal and Liver Physiology 301, no. 1 (July 2011): G188—G193. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpgi.00105.2011.
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Hydrogen sulfide (H2S) is an important modulator of many aspects of digestive function, both in health and disease. Colonic tissue H2S synthesis increases markedly during injury and inflammation and appears to contribute to resolution. Some of the bacteria residing in the colon can also produce H2S. The extent to which bacterial H2S synthesis contributes to what is measured as colonic H2S synthesis is not clear. Using conventional and germ-free mice, we have delineated the eukaryotic vs. prokaryotic contributions to colonic H2S synthesis, both in healthy and colitic mice. Colonic tissue H2S production is entirely dependent on the presence of the cofactor pyridoxal 5′-phosphate (vitamin B6), while bacterial H2S synthesis appears to occur independent of this cofactor. As expected, approximately one-half of the H2S produced by feces is derived from eukaryotic cells. While colonic H2S synthesis is markedly increased when the tissue is inflamed, and, in proportion to the extent of inflammation, fecal H2S synthesis does not change and tissue granulocytes do not appear to be the source of the elevated H2S production. Rats fed a B vitamin-deficient diet for 6 wk exhibited significantly diminished colonic H2S synthesis, but fecal H2S synthesis was not different from that of rats on the control diet. Our results demonstrate that H2S production by colonic bacteria does not contribute significantly to what is measured as colonic tissue H2S production, using the acetate trapping assay system employed in this study.
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Ohta, Kousaku, Tatsuya Kawaoka, and Masatoshi Funabashi. "Secondary Metabolite Differences between Naturally Grown and Conventional Coarse Green Tea." Agriculture 10, no. 12 (December 14, 2020): 632. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/agriculture10120632.
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Crop culture conditions are one of the important interfaces between food, the environment, and health, and an essential research area for maintaining social-ecological integrity. In recent years, it has been reported that the difference in culture conditions between monoculture with external inputs (in cultura) and self-organized ecological niches (in natura) is significant for the resulting physiological property of plants. It has also been suggested that there exist metabolic proxies in various foods that can separate these two culture conditions, which does not depend on a single component but on the distribution of various compounds. However, little has been studied in a time series of replicated production to quantify the reproducibility of these metabolomic features associated with culture conditions. In this study, we obtained metabolome data of coarse green tea (Camellia sinensis) grown in the same region in Japan under both in cultura and in natura culture conditions over the course of six years, and constructed a list of multiple components that separated the effects of culture conditions by statistical analysis, and estimated the metabolic functions of the compounds that contributed to the separation. The results suggest that naturally grown samples are rich in allelochemicals, such as phytochemicals, alkaloids, phenylpropanoids, steroids, as well as the compounds related to microorganisms and vitamin B6 that imply the interactions with the soil microbiome. The estimated physiological functions of the distinctive compounds suggest that the in natura crop production is not only beneficial with known properties of maintaining ecosystem health such as soil functions and pathogen control, but also for the augmentation of the plant secondary metabolites that support long-term health protective effects.
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Caristia, Filigheddu, Barone-Adesi, Sarro, Testa, Magnani, Aimaretti, Faggiano, and Marzullo. "Vitamin D as a Biomarker of Ill Health among the Over-50s: A Systematic Review of Cohort Studies." Nutrients 11, no. 10 (October 6, 2019): 2384. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu11102384.
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Background: The association between circulating levels of vitamin D and the incidence of chronic diseases is known. The identification of vitamin D as a biomarker of physiological/pathological ageing could contribute to expanding current knowledge of its involvement in healthy ageing. Methods: According to PRISMA guidelines, a systematic review was conducted on cohorts studying the role of 25OH-Vitamin D [25(OH)D] and 1,25(OH)2-Vitamin D [1,25(OH)2D] concentrations as biomarkers of healthy ageing. We consulted MedLine, Scopus, and Web of Science to search for studies on the association between vitamin D status in populations of originally healthy adults, and outcomes of longevity, illness, and physical and cognitive functionality. The quality of the studies was assessed using the Newcastle Ottawa scale. Results: Twenty cohorts from 24 articles were selected for this review. Inverse associations were found between low 25(OH)D levels and all-cause mortality, respiratory and cardiovascular events, as well as markers relating to hip and non-vertebral fractures. Associations between 1,25(OH)2D and healthy ageing outcomes gave similar results, although of lower clinical significance. Conclusions: This systematic review pinpoints peculiar aspects of vitamin D as a multidimensional predictor of ill health in the ageing process. Further well-designed controlled trials to investigate whether vitamin D supplement results in superior outcomes are warranted in the future.
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Gariballa, Salah E., Sarah J. Forster, and Hilary J. Powers. "Effects of Mixed Dietary Supplements on Total Plasma Homocysteine Concentrations (tHcy): A Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Trial." International Journal for Vitamin and Nutrition Research 82, no. 4 (August 1, 2012): 260–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1024/0300-9831/a000118.
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Background: Although a number of studies have reported raised total plasma homocysteine (tHcy) concentrations in free-living older people, there are no data on homocysteine response to a mixed nutrient supplement in older patients. A raised plasma homocysteine concentration in older patients is partly a reflection of their co-morbidity, including impaired renal function, and there is uncertainty about the extent to which dietary interventions can improve plasma tHcy. Aim: To determine the plasma tHcy response to dietary supplements during acute illness. Methods: Two-hundred and thirty-six hospitalized, acutely ill older patients, who were part of a randomized double-blind placebo-controlled trial, were assigned to receive a daily oral nutritional supplement drink containing 1.3 mg of vitamin B2, 1.4 mg of vitamin B6, 1.5 μg of B12, 200 μg of folic acid, or a placebo, for 6 weeks. Outcome measures were plasma tHcy concentration at baseline, 6 weeks, and 6 months. Results: The mean plasma tHcy concentration fell among patients given the supplements (mean difference 4.1 µmol/L [95 % C.I, 0.14 to 8.03), p = 0.043], but tHcy concentration increased between 6 weeks and 6 months, after patients stopped taking the supplements [mean difference -2.0 µmol/L (95 % C.I, -03.9 to -0.18), p = 0.033]. About 46 % of patients in the placebo group and 55 % of patients in the supplement group had hyperhomocysteinemia (>14 µmol/L) at baseline compared with 45 % and 29 % at the end of the treatment period. Conclusions: A mixed nutrient supplement containing physiological amounts of B vitamins significantly reduced plasma tHcy concentrations in older patients recovering from acute illness.
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Ramis, Rafael, Joaquín Ortega-Castro, Carmen Caballero, Rodrigo Casasnovas, Antonia Cerrillo, Bartolomé Vilanova, Miquel Adrover, and Juan Frau. "How Does Pyridoxamine Inhibit the Formation of Advanced Glycation End Products? The Role of Its Primary Antioxidant Activity." Antioxidants 8, no. 9 (September 1, 2019): 344. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/antiox8090344.
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Pyridoxamine, one of the natural forms of vitamin B6, is known to be an effective inhibitor of the formation of advanced glycation end products (AGEs), which are closely related to various human diseases. Pyridoxamine forms stable complexes with metal ions that catalyze the oxidative reactions taking place in the advanced stages of the protein glycation cascade. It also reacts with reactive carbonyl compounds generated as byproducts of protein glycation, thereby preventing further protein damage. We applied Density Functional Theory to study the primary antioxidant activity of pyridoxamine towards three oxygen-centered radicals (•OOH, •OOCH3 and •OCH3) to find out whether this activity may also play a crucial role in the context of protein glycation inhibition. Our results show that, at physiological pH, pyridoxamine can trap the •OCH3 radical, in both aqueous and lipidic media, with rate constants in the diffusion limit (>1.0 × 108 M - 1 s - 1 ). The quickest pathways involve the transfer of the hydrogen atoms from the protonated pyridine nitrogen, the protonated amino group or the phenolic group. Its reactivity towards •OOH and •OOCH3 is smaller, but pyridoxamine can still scavenge them with moderate rate constants in aqueous media. Since reactive oxygen species are also involved in the formation of AGEs, these results highlight that the antioxidant capacity of pyridoxamine is also relevant to explain its inhibitory role on the glycation process.
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Abarca Rozas, Bastian, Jocelyn Vargas Urra, Pavan Dadlani Mahtani, Jorge Widerström Isea, and Manuel Mestas Rodríguez. "Essential aspects for the administration of blood components in hospitalized patients: A narrative literature review." Medwave 20, no. 10 (November 30, 2020): e8060-e8060. http://dx.doi.org/10.5867/medwave.2020.10.8060.
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Introduction Transfusion medicine develops and disseminates guidelines that govern the optimal conditions for transfusion. The purpose of this article is to review the current evidence on the use of blood components. Methods We searched PubMed, Scholar Google, ScienceDirect, SciELO and Cochrane web portals, as well as official documents published in the Chilean Society of Hematology. Articles from the last ten years were included, of which 42 were appropriate for this narrative literature review. Conclusion First of all, there is a controversy between two types of strategies regarding the practice of red blood cell transfusion: a liberal strategy and a restrictive strategy. Second, for the management of coagulopathies, clotting times do not reflect the true ability of patients to clot. Third, to reverse the effect of coumadin, the administration of vitamin K would suffice over the use of fresh frozen plasma. Fourth, the use of physiological triggers could help define the best time for a transfusion.
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Cellini, Barbara, Teresa Zelante, Mirco Dindo, Marina M. Bellet, Giorgia Renga, Luigina Romani, and Claudio Costantini. "Pyridoxal 5′-Phosphate-Dependent Enzymes at the Crossroads of Host–Microbe Tryptophan Metabolism." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 21, no. 16 (August 13, 2020): 5823. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms21165823.
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The chemical processes taking place in humans intersects the myriad of metabolic pathways occurring in commensal microorganisms that colonize the body to generate a complex biochemical network that regulates multiple aspects of human life. The role of tryptophan (Trp) metabolism at the intersection between the host and microbes is increasingly being recognized, and multiple pathways of Trp utilization in either direction have been identified with the production of a wide range of bioactive products. It comes that a dysregulation of Trp metabolism in either the host or the microbes may unbalance the production of metabolites with potential pathological consequences. The ability to redirect the Trp flux to restore a homeostatic production of Trp metabolites may represent a valid therapeutic strategy for a variety of pathological conditions, but identifying metabolic checkpoints that could be exploited to manipulate the Trp metabolic network is still an unmet need. In this review, we put forward the hypothesis that pyridoxal 5′-phosphate (PLP)-dependent enzymes, which regulate multiple pathways of Trp metabolism in both the host and in microbes, might represent critical nodes and that modulating the levels of vitamin B6, from which PLP is derived, might represent a metabolic checkpoint to re-orienteer Trp flux for therapeutic purposes.
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Justo, Rayssa, Marcelo Cesar, Edimilson Migowski, and Rafael Cisne. "Relation between vitamins of the b complex, GABA and glutamate, and their role in neurocognitive disorders -Brief review." International Journal of Basic and Applied Sciences 5, no. 4 (November 29, 2016): 229. http://dx.doi.org/10.14419/ijbas.v5i4.6707.
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Vitamins, especially the water-soluble complex of vitamins B, are highlighted in the daily clinical practice. Numerous studies emphasize the need for supplementation, mainly in groups with deficiency of these vitamins, such as the elderly, pregnant women, children and patients with diseases associates with cognitive disorder. Thiamine (B1), a vitamin of the diet, is an important cofactor for the three key enzymes involved in the citric acid cycle and the pentose phosphate cycle. Pyridoxine (B6) and cobalamin (B12) act in the CNS as a cofactor in the metabolism reactions of homocysteine. Deficiency of some neurotransmitter precursors can also cause symptoms of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder in children, especially amino acid and vitamin B deficiency. Inhibitory and excitatory neurotransmitters regulate diverse behavioral processes, including sleep, learning, memory and sensation of pain. They are also implicated in many pathological processes, such as epilepsy and neurotoxicity. Studies suggest that the excitatory amino acids may play a role in learning and memory. The binding of glutamate to its receptor triggers molecular and cellular events associated with numerous physiological and pathophysiological pathways, including the development of an increased sensation of pain (hyperalgesia), brain neurotoxicity or synaptic alterations involved in certain types of memory formation. Between the two major classes of neuroactive amino acids, γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) is the major inhibitory amino acid. It is known that GABA plays a fundamental role in encoding information and behavioral control, in the regulation of motor function and in motor learning. The inter-relationships between diet, the brain and behavior are complex. However, micronutrients are known to have a direct influence on cognitive function through their involvement in the energy metabolism of neurons and glia cells, the synthesis of neurotransmitters, receptor binding and the maintenance of membrane ion pumps.
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Park, Sujin, Yeji Choi, Geonwoo Kim, Eunsoo Kim, Soojin Kim, and Domyung Paek. "Physiological and Psychological Assessments for the Establishment of Evidence-Based Forest Healing Programs." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18, no. 17 (September 2, 2021): 9283. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18179283.
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This study aimed to establish a health and medical foundation for forest healing programs and provide a basis for developing an evaluation system for such programs. While the number of visitors to forests and interest in forest healing effects are increasing, few studies have examined the various indicators of the persistent changes in forest healing effects. Therefore, this study conducted pre-, post-, and follow-up experiments on 87 health and clinical indicators in a sample of 88 adolescent participants. The relationships between pre-, post-, and follow-up experiment results for each indicator were analyzed. Of the 87 indicators, 46 showed significant changes, including systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure, cholesterol, serotonin, vitamin D, CD16+CD56 count, interferon-γ, resilience, and self-esteem. The findings are significant for studying diverse participants and indicators and lay the foundation for developing forest healing programs by clarifying aspects such as the indicators suitable for short-term observation versus the indicators requiring long-term observation. Based on these analyses, the results of this study are expected to be useful when conducting research to establish an evidence-based forest healing program in the future.
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Khaitovich, M. V. "Folates: Modern Pregnant Health Support." HEALTH OF WOMAN, no. 4(150) (May 30, 2020): 37–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.15574/hw.2020.150.37.
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Folates (folic acid-based chemical compounds) got their name from the Latin “folio” - “leaf”, since they were first synthesized from spinach leaves, in which vitamin B9 is found in maximum quantities. As an important cofactor in carbon metabolism, folates are involved in the most important metabolic processes in the body, in particular, they play a key role in the synthesis of nucleotides and DNA replication. The article provides information on the physiological role of folates, their metabolism and its genetic aspects. The clinical significance of folate deficiency is examined, their sources and doses are described, and the interaction of folic acid and drugs is highlighted. Keywords: folate, metabolism, folic acid deficiency, pregnancy.
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Hashimoto, Seiji, Rie Yamamoto, Tomochika Maoka, Yuichiro Fukasawa, Takao Koike, and Takashi Shigematsu. "A Case of Chronic Calcium Oxalate Nephropathy due to Short Bowel Syndrome and Cholecystectomy." Case Reports in Nephrology and Dialysis 8, no. 2 (August 10, 2018): 147–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1159/000491630.
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Background: Oxalate nephropathy is a rare disease. Especially chronic oxalate nephropathy still has many unknown aspects as compared to acute oxalate nephropathy with relatively well-known causality. Case Presentation: The patient was a 70-year-old woman who had a history of small bowel resection 25 years before, cholecystectomy 10 years before, and renal stones (calcium oxalate stones) 7 years before. She had been suffering from chronic diarrhea and had been treated by a local physician. The patient was found to have renal dysfunction (creatinine 3.09 mg/dL, eGFR 12.3 mL/min/1.73 m2, hemoglobin 7.8 g/dL) and was referred to our department. The patient was admitted to our hospital for further investigation. Renal ultrasound showed hepatorenal echo contrast in an opposite manner and clear contrast between the renal cortex and medullary pyramid. Renal biopsy was performed, and histological examination showed tubulointerstitial disorder due to deposition of calcium oxalate. Daily urinary excretion of calcium oxalate was significantly increased. The patient was encouraged to drink water and administered vitamin B6, citric acid, K and Na hydrate. Thereafter, her symptoms improved. Conclusion: Case reports of chronic oxalate neuropathy are rare in the literature, and its underlying mechanism has not been understood. Our patient had a history of small bowel resection and cholecystectomy. We considered that her short bowel syndrome had influenced the development of calcium oxalate nephropathy.