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1
Jonaitytė, Viktorija. "Skirtingų vitamino E kiekių, naudojant selenitą ir selenometioniną, įtaka viščiukų broilerių produktyvumui, virškinimo procesams bei paukštienos kokybei." Master's thesis, Lithuanian Academic Libraries Network (LABT), 2014. http://vddb.library.lt/obj/LT-eLABa-0001:E.02~2014~D_20140618_232258-05733.
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Tyrimų problema: vitaminas E ir selenas yra plačiai naudojami maisto papildai gerinant žmonių sveikatingumą. Tarpusavyje šie elementai pasižymi stipriu sinergetiniu veikimu. Vitamino E ir seleno transferacijos laipsnis iš lesalų į paukštieną yra sąlygojamas daugelio faktorių, kaip seleno ir vitamino E formų bei kiekių, sąveikos su kitais mikroelementais bei organinėmis rūgštimis, fitobiotikais, sintetiniais antioksidantais, lesalų gamybos technologinių procesų, paukščių auginimo sąlygų, jų imuniteto ir kt.. Todėl magistrinio darbo tikslas yra ištirti skirtingų vitamino E kiekių, naudojant selenitą ir selenometioniną, įtaką viščiukų broilerių produktyvumui, fiziologinei būklei bei paukštienos kokybei.
Uždaviniai:
1.Nustatyti skirtingo vitamino E ir skirtingų koncentracijų seleno bei seleno formų įtaką viščiukų broilerių augimo intensyvumui, lesalų konversijai bei išsaugojimui.
2.Nustatyti skirtingo vitamino E ir skirtingų koncentracijų seleno bei seleno formų įtaką viščiukų broilerių fiziologinei būklei.
3.Nustatyti skirtingo vitamino E ir skirtingų koncentracijų seleno bei seleno formų įtaką viščiukų broilerių mėsos kokybei.
Svarbiausios išvados:
1.Naudojant organinį seleną 0,3 mg/kg ir vitaminą E 70 mg/kg tiriamųjų viščiukų broilerių masė padidėjo 5,2% (p<0,05), lesalų konversija pagerėjo 5,2% ir viščiukų išsaugojimas padidėjo 4% palyginus su kontroline grupe.
2.Analizuojant tiriamosios grupės viščiukų broilerių kraujo rodiklius nustatėme, kad esminių skirtumų tarp... [toliau žr. visą tekstą]<br>The issue of investigation: vitamin E and selenium transferacion degree of feed to poultry is caused by many factors such as selenium and vitamin E forms and levels of interaction with other microelements, organic acids, phytobiotics, synthetic antioxidants, feed manufacturing processes, chicken broilers growing conditions, their immunity, etc.. Therefore, the aim of the Master is to investigate the different levels of vitamin E, using selenite and selenomethionine, on chicken broilers productivity, physiological condition and poultry quality.
The tasks of the work:
1. To determine different vitamin E and selenium concentrations and different forms of selenium influence for chicken broilers growth rate, feed conversion and surviving.
2. To determine different vitamin E and selenium concentrations and different forms of selenium influence for chicken broilers physiological conditions.
3. To determine different vitamin E and selenium concentrations and different forms of selenium influence for chicken broilers meat quality.
The most important conclusions:
1. When organic selenium 0.3 mg/kg and vitamin E 70 mg/kg was used, the weight of experimental broiler group increased 5.2% (p <0.05), feed conversion improved 5.2%, chicken surviving increased 4% in comparison with the control group.
2. The analysis of the blood parameters in a experimental group of chicken broilers showed that there wasn’t any substantial differences in cholesterol, HDL and LDL. However, the experimental... [to full text]
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Bahng, Hee-Jeong. "Antioxidants as Risk Factors for Gingival Bleeding." VCU Scholars Compass, 2004. http://scholarscompass.vcu.edu/etd/1516.
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Background: Studies of gingival bleeding and the effects of antioxidants on extracellular matrix and immunologic and inflammatory responses provide a rationale for hypothesizing that antioxidants reduce the risk for gingival bleeding.Methods: This study evaluated the role of antioxidants as contributing risk factors for gingival bleeding utilizing the Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NAHNES III). A sample of 18,825 adults (20 to ≥ 90 years of age), with dental measurement and assessment of serum levels of antioxidants were included in the study. Gingival bleeding was defined as those who had more than 30 percent of gingival bleeding in 28 sites examined. SPSS version 11.0 software and Epi-info 2000 were used to perform the statistical analysis.Results: Using multiple logistic regression in five separate antioxidants, the study showed an association between increased plasma levels of vitamin C (ascorbic acid) and decreased risk for gingival bleeding (OR= 0.33; 95% CI 0.15 to 0.72). An inverse relationship was also found between gingival bleeding and serum levels of beta carotene (OR=1.93; 95% CI 1.05 to 3.54). However, negative association was found between gingival bleeding and vitamin A (OR=2.60; 95% CI 1.04 to 6.50). No statistically significant association was observed between gingival bleeding and serum levels in vitamin E (alpha tocopherol) and selenium.Conclusion: Antioxidants, vitamin C, vitamin A, and beta carotene, were significant risk factors for gingival bleeding. This should be emphasized for improving the oral health of the U.S. adult population.
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Zimermann, Francielli Cordeiro. "Pesquisa etiológica da Miopatia Dorsal Cranial em frangos de corte." reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRGS, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10183/139225.
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A indústria avícola brasileira representa uma atividade econômica muito importante para o país. Recentemente, uma lesão muscular localizada cranialmente no dorso de frangos de corte, vem causando grandes perdas econômicas devido à condenação de carcaças. Machos de linhagens pesadas, com as maiores médias de peso e idade de abate apresentam as maiores freqüências de condenação devido à referida lesão. As lesões são caracterizadas por amarelamento e inchaço da pele que recobre o músculo lesado. Após abertura da pele, pode-se notar edema subcutâneo, hemorragia muscular superficial, palidez, aderência, aumento da espessura e consistência envolvendo sempre o músculo anterior latissimus dorsi. Histologicamente a lesão é polifásica e inclui variação no tamanho e partição das fibras (splitting), degeneração hialina, necrose, regeneração e intensa fibrose com presença de adipócitos e infiltrado linfohistiocitário. A etiologia desta miopatia é desconhecida e não há publicações detalhadas a respeito na literatura consultada. Os objetivos do presente trabalho foram detectar a etiologia da miopatia dorsal cranial através da realização de alguns experimentos, bem como, verificar se a lesão apresenta um potencial risco à saúde pública Para atender esses objetivos foram conduzidos experimentos de avaliação da associação entre a miopatia dorsal cranial e a síndrome ascítica; de ausência de inclusão de vitamina E e selênio na dieta de frangos de corte na tentativa de reproduzir a lesão; quantificação de vitamina E (alfa tocoferol) e selênio em músculos lesados e músculos normais; avaliação do papel do exercício na indução da miopatia dorsal cranial bem como sua associação com a miopatia peitoral profunda e também foram realizadas pesquisas de bactérias de interesse em saúde pública em músculos com lesão. Não há risco de intoxicação através do consumo do músculo Anterior latissimus dorsi lesado ou normal em relação às bactérias Sthaphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Salmonella enteritidis Enteritidis, Listeria monocytogenes, Pasteurella multocida, Yersinia enterocolitica, Campylobacter coli e Campylobacter jejuni subsp. jejuni. Os níveis médios de alfa tocoferol e selênio nos músculos anterior latissimus dorsi lesados ou normais são compatíveis com os níveis de carcaças usualmente suplementadas. Músculos com lesão apresentaram níveis mais elevados de selênio do que músculos sem lesão. Pode-se constatar também, a ausência de associações entre a miopatia dorsal cranial e a síndrome ascítica, bem como, à miopatia peitoral profunda. O protocolo de exercício que induziu à frequências altas (96,9%) de miopatia peitoral profunda não reproduziu à miopatia dorsal cranial. A causa ou as causas da miopatia dorsal cranial não puderam ser esclarecidas com base nos experimentos realizados, porém os mesmos permitem concluir que e a ingestão de baixos níveis de vitamina E não está envolvida na etiologia desta miopatia.<br>The Brazilian poultry industry is a very important economic activity to this country. Recently, a dorsal cranial muscular lesion has been occurring in increasing frequency in broilers causing heavy economic losses due to downgrading of carcasses. Males of heavy strains with higher average weight at slaughter had the highest frequency of downgrading due to this lesion. Gross lesions are characterized by yellowish discoloration of the skin and swelling on the dorsal cranial region. When the skin is sectioned, subcutaneous edema, muscular superficial hemorrhage, pallor, adherence, increased thickness and density involving always the anterior latissimus dorsi muscle are seen. Microscopical features include a polyphasic lesion with size variation and fiber splitting, hyaline, necrotic, regenerating fibers and extensive fibrosis and adipose tissue. Lymphohistiocytic infiltration is seen. The etiology of this myopathy is unknown and no detailed report is available in the world literature. The aims of this study were to detect the etiology of the dorsal cranial myopathy by some experiments, as well as to verify if this lesion may pose a potential public health risk. One experiment was designed to assess the association between dorsal cranial myopathy and ascitic syndrome; other experiment attempt to reproduce the lesion with the lack of inclusion of vitamin E and selenium in the diet of broiler chickens; other study was the quantification of vitamin E (alpha tocopherol) and selenium in injured and normal muscles; the evaluation of the role of exercise in inducing the dorsal cranial myopathy and its association with the deep pectoral myopathy; and microbiological studies were done to clarify if infectious agents are present in the affected muscles. There is no risk of poisoning through the consumption of the injured or normal anterior latissimus dorsi muscle in relation to the bacteria Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Salmonella enteritidis Enteritidis, Listeria monocytogenes, Pasteurella multocida, Yersinia enterocolitica, Campylobacter coli e Campylobacter jejuni subsp. jejuni. Average levels of alpha tocopherol and selenium in the damaged or normal anterior latissimus dorsi muscle are consistent with carcasses usually supplemented. Injured muscles showed higher levels of selenium than uninjured muscles. The absence of associations between dorsal cranial myopathy and ascitic syndrome, as well as the deep pectoral myopathy was observed. The exercise protocol that induced a high frequency (96.9%) of deep pectoral myopathy did not reproduce the dorsal cranial myopathy. The cause or causes of dorsal cranial myopathy could not be clarified based on these experiments, but is possible to conclude that low intake of vitamin E is not involved in the etiology of this myopathy.
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Hutchinson, Karen Hallie. "Evaluation of By-product Feedstuffs, Level of Concentrate, and Selenium and Vitamin E Injections on Performance and Health of Beef Calves in Backgrounding Systems." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/33105.
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Weaning stress in young calves is often compounded with stress from transport, marketing, and commingling. The result is a weakened immune system, which can lead to increased incidence of diseases, especially bovine respiratory disease complex (BRDC). Backgrounding cattle post-weaning and prior to feedlot entry may alleviate some of the more common stresses and typically diminished feed intake. Five trials were conducted with a total of 228 weaned calves to evaluate different backgrounding systems. Drylot diets with 70:30 and 40:60 forage to concentrate total mixed rations with Se and vitamin E injections were studied. No differences were observed in daily gains or feed efficiency among treatments. Steers receiving Se injections had higher (P < 0.05) blood Se concentrations on d 7, 14, 28, and 42. Steers grazed four types of stockpiled pastures with previous pasture treatments: control, poultry litter fed to previous grazing cattle, poultry litter applied, and inorganic fertilizer. Supplements (16% CP) for each pasture treatment were none, soy hulls + SBM (0.5% BW), and corn + SBM (0.5% BW). On d 7, unsupplemented steers had higher (P < 0.05) daily gains than steers supplemented with corn + SBM. No differences were detected on any other day. Heifers grazed stockpiled fescue and were fed three 16% CP supplements: corn gluten feed + soy hulls (0.5% BW), corn gluten feed + soy hulls (1.0% BW), and soy hulls + SBM (0.5% BW). On d 14, heifers supplemented with soy hulls + SBM had higher (P < 0.05) cumulative daily gains. No other differences were detected in gains among treatments. Steers were allotted to four injection treatments: none, Se, vitamin E, and combination of Se and vitamin E. There were no differences in daily gain or blood Se concentrations on any day among all treatments. Steers grazed two pasture types: fescue and fescue + alfalfa, with the following injections: none, vitamin E, and Se. There were no differences in daily gains among all treatments. On d 7, 14, 28, and 42, steers receiving Se injections had higher (P < 0.05) blood Se concentrations. On d 7 and 14, steers grazing fescue pastures had higher serum alpha-tocopherol concentrations than steers grazing fescue + alfalfa pastures. There were no differences in serum alpha-tocopherol concentrations due to injection treatment on any day. No consistent differences were detected in forage and blood serum mineral concentrations in all trials. There were no differences in gains from by-product supplementation versus â traditionalâ corn-based supplementation, suggesting that by-product feedstuffs may be of value for backgrounding rations. Selenium and vitamin E supplementation did not have any significant effect on calf morbidity.<br>Master of Science
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Lye, Ellen Jane Davey. "Effects of dietary selenium, vitamin E, and fibre on methylmercury toxicity and kinetics in male Sprague-Dawley rats." Thesis, McGill University, 2006. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=101619.
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Mercury is an environmental contaminant of concern, particularly for fish eating populations. The objective of this study was to assess the effects of selenium, vitamin E, and phytate on methylmercury (MeHg) toxicity and kinetics in rats. Results show that increased selenium increases McHg in the liver, kidney, and frontal lobe of the brain, while increased vitamin E increases MeHg in the kidney but lowers McHg in the liver. Increased phytate resulted in a significant increase in MeHg in the frontal lobe. Methylmercury-treated rats on all diets showed an increased trend in muscarinic acetylcholine receptor (mAChR) binding in comparison with untreated rats. There was no change in monoamine oxidase (MAO) activities in all treatment groups. These results suggest that nutrients can alter the toxicokinetics of MeHg but none of them show clear protection in neurotoxicity in adult rats.
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Beyrouty, Peter. "Effects of methylmercury on reproduction and offspring development and potential benefits of supplemental selenium and vitamin E intake in rats." Thesis, McGill University, 2002. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=32762.
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Methylmercury (MeHg) is an environmental contaminant mainly present in fish and seafood. The long-term consumption of these fish and seafoods could pose a health risk to pregnant women and their children. Animal studies were conducted to assess the effects of MeHg exposure on reproduction and offspring development as well as the potential benefits of nutrient supplementation. Adult female rats were treated by gavage with MeHg at dose levels of 0.5, 1.0 or 2.0 mg/kg/day for 4 weeks prior to mating and throughout pregnancy, and then were allowed to deliver. In a second study, adult female rats were treated with MeHg at 1.25 mg/kg/day for the same duration, and they were fed diets containing an extra 1 ppm selenium (Se), or 225 IU/kg vitamin E, or both of these two nutrients, 4 weeks prior to MeHg dosing, and then throughout McHg treatment. (Abstract shortened by UMI.)
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Ehteshambrojerdi, Mahsa. "Vitamin D Deficiency and Alzheimer's Disease| A Public Information Project." Thesis, California State University, Long Beach, 2019. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=10978432.
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<p> Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is the most common irreversible form of dementia and accounts for 60–80% of all dementia cases. It is not a normal part of aging and causes memory problems and other cognitive dysfunctions that may result in unpredictable changes in behavior. AD can be caused by many factors. Recently, Vitamin D deficiency has been recognized as a risk factor for AD. Vitamin D insufficiency and deficiency are major health problems affecting 1 billion people worldwide, across all ethnicities and age groups. Unfortunately, public knowledge about Vitamin D deficiency and risk of AD is limited. The creation of two leaflets as informational tools for experts/professionals and families/caregivers/participants of Alzheimer’s Orange County was the goal of this project. The leaflets were reviewed by experts in the field and revisions were made. Future research should evaluate the effectiveness of the leaflets on increasing knowledge about Vitamin D and AD.</p><p>
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Porter, Kirsty Michelle. "Causes, consequences and public health implications of low B-vitamin status in ageing." Thesis, Ulster University, 2017. https://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.763930.
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The ageing population is predicted to exceed two billion by 2050; maintaining good health in older age has, thus, become a major global health priority. Ageing involves physiological changes, impairment in digestive function and the increased need for the use of prescribed drugs which can lead to lower status of folate and the metabolically related B-vitamins (vitamins B I2, B6, riboflavin). Deficiencies in these vitamins are increasingly linked with a number of chronic diseases of ageing. In particular, dementia affects 46.8 million globally, figures that are expected to triple by 2050, generating substantial societal and economic impacts. One-carbon metabolism is proposed as a critical pathway associated with health throughout life, especially in ageing. However, studies considering the association of one-carbon metabolism tend to focus on folate and vitamin B 12, few have considered all the relevant B-vitamins which are interlinked within one-carbon metabolism. The overall aim of this thesis therefore, was to investigate the causes, consequences and public health implications of low B-vitamin status in ageing with a particular focus on cognitive health. Results arising from new analysis of the Trinity, Ulster and Department of Agriculture (TUDA) Ageing cohort study (n 5186) indicated that the use of proton pump inhibitors (PPI), widely taken by older people, is associated with significantly lower status of B12 as previously reported, but also with lower status of vitamin B6 and riboflavin, vitamins which have not previously been linked with PPI use. Likewise, metformin use was associated with a significant increase in the risk of vitamin B12 deficiency and more than doubled the risk of vitamin B6 deficiency, in older people with or at-risk of diabetes (HbAic<42mmol/mol). The thesis showed that older adults with or at-risk of diabetes were at a 25% higher risk of vitamin B6 deficiency, and a 67% increased risk of cognitive dysfunction, with some evidence that low status of vitamin B6 may be driving the cognitive dysfunction in these patients. In a follow up study of almost 600 participants, 5 years after the initial investigation (i.e. TUDA+5), low status of vitamin B6 (OR: 1.75, P 0.008) and riboflavin (OR 1.63, P 0.018) were found to be significant predictors of accelerated cognitive decline, as measured by RBANS. The totality of the evidence in this thesis supports the wider public health benefits of optimising B-vitamin status, through natural food sources, fortified foods and supplements, to alleviate B-vitamin depletion in those on long term prescribed drugs and as a means of maintaining cognitive health in ageing. In conclusion, results from this thesis suggest that updating food fortification policies worldwide to optimise all the relevant B-vitamins could offer a cost-effective strategy for maintaining better health in ageing and preventing adverse outcomes.
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Cress, Eileen M. "Vitamin D Status of College Students: Implications for Health Leaders." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2014. https://dc.etsu.edu/etd/2366.
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Vitamin D deficiency is considered to be a pandemic with implications for compromised bone health and other chronic diseases. Few studies have examined vitamin D status in college-aged individuals where prevention of future health consequences is still possible. Serum vitamin D 25(OH)D status and vitamin D intake were examined in 98 college students ages 18-29 years during winter. BMI was classified as < 25and 25 or greater. Race was categorized as Caucasian or other. Overall, 69.5% had suboptimal serum vitamin D levels, <30ng/mL. Only 8 students (8.2%) met the EAR (400 IU) per day for vitamin D intake. t tests were used to determine if there were significant differences in serum vitamin D level and dietary intake based on gender, race and BMI. Significant differences were found in serum vitamin D level when compared by gender and race. Females tended to have a higher serum vitamin D level than males. Those representing minorities had lower serum vitamin D levels than Caucasians; One hundred percent of the minority students had suboptimal serum vitamin D levels. Based on these findings, dietitians should increase efforts to target college-aged individuals in educational programming related to factors affecting vitamin D synthesis, vitamin D intake, and health consequences of suboptimal vitamin D status, particularly in winter. Consideration should be given to vitamin D fortification of foods that meet the preferences of today’s consumer.
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Poliquin, Suzette. "Calcium and vitamin D intake in a Canadian population : results from the Canadian Multicentre Osteoporosis Study." Thesis, McGill University, 2006. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=99197.
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Objectives. To estimate calcium and vitamin D intakes in Canadian men and women, to compare these intakes to Canadian guidelines, and to determine factors associated with intake of these nutrients.<br>Methods. We estimated intakes of calcium and vitamin D from both diet and supplements using cross-sectional data from 9,423 randomly selected subjects 25 years of age and older who completed an interviewer administered abbreviated food frequency questionnaire. The participants were recruited from July 1995 to September 1997 in nine centres across Canada. We characterized the relationships of calcium and vitamin D with socio-demographic and lifestyle variables, physical characteristics, medical diagnosis and use of osteoporosis related medications.<br>Results. The median daily intake for calcium was estimated to be 930 (interquartile range (IQR) = 589;1360) mg for women, and 774 (IQR = 507;1155) mg for men; for vitamin D, intakes were 3.6 (IQR = 1.1;10.0) pg and 2.7 (IQR = 0.9;7.5) pg for women and men, respectively. Age and study centre were found to be associated with calcium and vitamin D intakes in both genders. Other variables associated with calcium intake included vitamin D intake, weekly energy expenditure and femoral neck bone mineral density. Factors found to be associated with vitamin D intake in both genders included calcium intake, height and caffeine intake.<br>Conclusions. The only group that on average met adequate daily intake levels for calcium was women aged 51-70. For vitamin D, on average, women and men under age 51 met adequate intake levels. Further education programs may be required to encourage increased consumption of these nutrients.
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Hemphill, Mandy. "Vitamin D and Age-Related Macular Degeneration." ScholarWorks, 2017. https://scholarworks.waldenu.edu/dissertations/3448.
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Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is the leading cause of vision loss in individuals aged 50 years and older and is estimated to affect as many as 11 million individuals in the United States. The purpose of this study was to examine the association between vitamin D and AMD disease progression. The life course epidemiology framework model was used to explore how vitamin D level as a risk factor may have an association to AMD disease through time. Data in the 2005-2008 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) database were collected on vitamin D levels and identified stages of AMD level based on graded fundus eye exams from an available sample size of 5,604 participants. A quantitative cross-sectional study approach was used to address this gap in knowledge. A bivariate analysis was used to examine each independent variable (age, race/ethnicity, smoking status, and diabetes) to the dependent variable AMD from the 2005-2008 NHANES dataset. A multivariate logistic regression analysis was performed with AMD including each independent variable found to be significant. The findings from this study failed to suggest an association between vitamin D levels to AMD, with or without the covariates included in the model. There was not an association found between vitamin D level and presence of AMD. An association was found between age, smoking, and race to presence of AMD in each of the bivariate models. The findings from this study could be used for positive social change by encouraging medical and public health agencies to target screening programs at high-risk age, smoking, and race groups. There remains to be conflicting data in the literature. This study adds to the body of literature suggesting that higher levels of vitamin D are not necessarily beneficial as they pertains to AMD.
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Warner, Blake Matthew. "Topical Black Raspberries and Strawberries Bioincorporated with Selenium Reduce Experimental Oral Cancer." The Ohio State University, 2013. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1367419885.
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Chapman, Laurie A. "Interactions of nutrients on methyl mercury toxicity in neuron X spinal chord hybrid cells (NSC-34) and human oligodendrocyte X rhabdomyosarcoma cells (MO3.13)." Thesis, McGill University, 2001. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=36888.
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Exposure to methyl mercury (MeHg) is a global concern. Increased chronic exposure to MeHg among fish and marine mammal consuming populations will increase the risk of prenatal exposure and as a result, the risk of infant brain damage and neurotoxcity. It is therefore important to understand the role of environmental factors, such as nutrition, in determining susceptibility to MeHg toxicity. Three nutrients (selenium (Se), vitamin C and vitamin E) were selected for examination of their interactions with the mechanisms of McHg cytotoxicity in vitro. Two hybrid neural cell lines (M03.13 and NSC-34) were evaluated for their usefulness in the study of MeHg cytotoxicity. Sixteen toxic endpoints were selected for investigation of growth, viability, structure and biochemistry. Both cell lines responded to MeHg exposure in a dose dependent manner for the majority of endpoints suggesting that both MO3.13 and NSC-34 cells undergo structural and biochemical changes during exposure to McHg, but that MO3.13 cells are more sensitive to DNA, mitochondria) membrane damage and glutathione (GSH) depletion and that NSC-34 cells are more sensitive to protein damage and apoptosis. Se exposure lessened the MeHg-induced decrease in DNA and GSH concentrations in both cell lines. In NSC-34 cells, Se also increased F-actin concentrations and prevented an increase in caspase-3 activity. Se may alter the mechanism of cell death by preventing McHg disruption of DNA replication thus maintaining the production and function of peptides (GSH) and protein (polymerized actin) that aid in MeHg detoxification and neural function. In NSC-34 cells, vitamin C prevented the induction of caspase-3 activity and lessened DNA damage and GSH depletion. Vitamin E lessened GSH depletion and lessened G-actin depletion. Both vitamin C and E improved GSH status, but vitamin C also delayed McHg damage of DNA and prevented early signs of apoptosis suggesting these two vitamins interfere with MeHg metabolism by diffe
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Aguiar, Magda Francisca Calás Oliveira Carvalho. "Decision analytic modelling of the prevention of vitamin D deficiency in England and Wales." Thesis, University of Birmingham, 2018. http://etheses.bham.ac.uk//id/eprint/8120/.
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Vitamin D deficiency (VDD) is widespread in England and Wales, affecting both children and adults by increasing their risk of poor bone health. In order to inform public decisions on the prevention of VDD, a decision analytic model was developed to compare four alternatives to prevent population VDD: wheat flour fortification, supplementation of at-risk groups, a combination of wheat flour and supplementation, and no intervention. Methods used to inform the model development stage included literature reviews, expert consultation, and preference-based questionnaires to elicit proxy utility values. An individual-level simulation Markov model was chosen to simulate the costs and benefits of each alternative. A cost-effectiveness and cost-utility analysis were undertaken for the base case analysis, using a 90-year time horizon. A societal perspective was chosen to account for private and public costs of implementing each of the alternatives. Parameter uncertainty was tested through deterministic and probabilistic sensitivity analyses. Moreover, in order to inform decisions under uncertainty, a value of information analysis was undertaken. The model results support the decision to implement interventions to prevent VDD, namely a combined strategy of at-risk groups supplementation and wheat flour fortification. Furthermore, this thesis contributes evidence on methodological considerations for modelling micronutrient interventions.
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Tasset, Julia L. "A Systematic Review of Vitamin D Deficiency in Pregnancy in India and its Impact on Maternal and Fetal Outcomes." University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2014. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1397235209.
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Mogusu, Eunice, Shimin Zheng, Sreenivas P. Veeranki, D. Kioko, and Megan Quinn. "Association of Vitamin D Deficiency with High Cholesterol Levels." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2015. https://dc.etsu.edu/etsu-works/104.
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Background
Recent studies have demonstrated a significant relationship between vitamin D and cholesterol levels. Cholesterol is important in the synthesis and metabolism of vitamin D. Additionally, foods rich in vitamin D also contain high cholesterol supplements. Given that sources of vitamin D and cholesterol are different, we hypothesized that there is a potential mean bias in true relationship between an individual’s vitamin D and cholesterol levels. The study therefore aimed to examine the relationship of serum cholesterol and vitamin D levels.
Methods
We utilized NHANES 2001-2006 data (n=30,954). The outcome was vitamin D deficiency defined as individuals with serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D level12 ng/ml were classified as normal. Significant differences in cholesterol levels between the two groups were determined using Chi-Square contingency test. Generalized linear models were conducted to assess the association of vitamin D deficiency with cholesterol levels adjusting for age, sex, physical activity (proxy measure for sunlight exposure) and other serum lipid levels.
Results
Vitamin D deficiency was significantly lower in males(5.2%) than females(7.8%)(P
Conclusion
Vitamin D deficiency was associated with high LDL and triglyceride levels. Study findings help establish the importance of distinguishing vitamin D and cholesterol levels as separate entities while making inferences about their relationship with chronic diseases.
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Wolfe, V., Phillip R. Scheuerman, M. Gallagher, and G. R. Lanza. "Effects of Nitrogen, Phosphorus, and a Vitamin Mixture on Degradation rates of cresol isomers." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 1995. https://dc.etsu.edu/etsu-works/2903.
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Rockell, Jennifer, and n/a. "Serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D concentrations and their determinants in the New Zealand population." University of Otago. Department of Nutrition, 2008. http://adt.otago.ac.nz./public/adt-NZDU20080929.142611.
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Adequate vitamin D status plays an important role in bone health and may also protect against Type 1 Diabetes (T1D), multiple sclerosis and certain cancers. Vitamin D is obtained from two sources; diet and through skin synthesis through the action of ultraviolet (UV) light. Dietary intakes of vitamin D are low in New Zealand (NZ) and the majority of our vitamin D comes from UV exposure. The NZ population may be at risk of low vitamin D status because of low dietary intakes, the country�s latitude (35-46 �S), and high proportion of darker skinned Maori and Pacific People. While case reports have described the occurrence of rickets, predominantly in immigrant groups, there are currently no national data on the vitamin D status of the NZ population. Reports of low vitamin D status in countries of similar latitude to NZ justify an examination of New Zealanders� vitamin D status. The best method to assess of vitamin D status is to measure circulating 25-hydroxyvitamin D concentrations.
This thesis comprises three main studies. The first two had the following aims: to measure 25-hydroxyvitamin D concentrations and their determinants in a national sample (n=1585) of NZ children aged 5-14 y and to measure serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D concentrations and their determinants in a national sample (n=2948) of New Zealanders aged 15 y and over. The 2002 Children�s Nutrition Survey CNS02 was a year long (December, March-November) cross-sectional survey of a nationally representative sample of NZ school children 5-14 y. Over-sampling of Maori and Pacific children allowed ethnic specific analyses. The 1997 National Nutrition Survey (NNS97) participants were recruited over one year according to an area-based sampling frame with a 3 stage stratified design consisting of primary sampling units, households within each unit, and one randomly selected respondent from each household. Mean (99% CI) serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D concentrations were similar in children and adults (both 50 nmol/L). Among Maori, Pacific and NZEO children respectively, prevalence (%, 99% CI) of serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D deficiency (< 17.5 nmol/L) was 5% (2, 12), 8% (5, 14), and 3% (1,7). Based on a cutoff of < 37.5 nmol/L, prevalence of insufficiency was 41% (29, 53), 59% (42, 75) and 25% (15, 35), respectively. Based on a cutoff of 50 nmol/L, 56% of children were insufficient. Three percent of adult New Zealanders had serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D concentrations indicative of deficiency ([less than or equal to] 17.5 nmol/L); 48% and 84% were insufficient based on cutoffs of [less than or equal to] 50 and [less than or equal to] 80 nmol/L The main determinants of vitamin D status in NZ children were season, ethnicity and sex. After adjustment for other factors and covariates, boys had an adjusted mean (99% CI) 25-hydroxyvitamin D concentration 5 (1, 9) nmol/L higher than girls, Maori children were 7 (2, 11) and Pacific children 15 (11, 20) nmol/L lower than NZ European and Other (NZEO) children. Obese children were 7 (2, 11) nmol/L lower than overweight or �normal� weight. Children�s mean 25-hydroxyvitamin D concentrations (adjusted for other variables) peaked in March (69 nmol/L) and was at its lowest in August (36 nmol/L).
In adults, there were effects of a similar magnitude of ethnicity and season on serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D concentrations. Obesity, latitude and age were determinants of vitamin D status in women but not men. Obese (BMI > 30) women had an adjusted mean vitamin concentration 6 (3, 10) nmol/L lower than women with BMI < 25. Women living in the South Island were 6 (3, 9) nmol/L lower than women living in the North Island. Additionally, adjusted mean serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D was 13 (8, 18) higher in women 15 -18 y than women 65 y or older.
The third and final study aimed to determine whether the higher rates of vitamin D inadequacy reported in the winter than summer months in NZ also result in higher PTH concentrations, which would provide evidence for functional effect of inadequate vitamin D status. We also aimed to objectively explore the effect of natural skin colour on vitamin D status, given the higher prevalence of vitamin D insufficiency in dark-skinned groups living far from the equator. Skin colour measurements were taken with a hand-held light reflectometer (Datacolor Mercury[TM] 1000 colorimeter, Lawrenceville, NJ).
In the 342 residents of Invercargill and Dunedin, mean serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D concentrations were lower in the late summer versus early spring (79 vs 51 nmol/L; P< 0.001). The lower serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D in early spring versus summer was associatedwith a 2 pg/mL (P< 0.001) higher parathyroid hormone (PTH) concentration. Interestingly, no significant effect of natural skin colour, based on light reflectance at the inside of the upper arm, was discovered, though there was a positive effect of tanning, based on light reflectance at the upper forearm, on serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D concentrations.
Ethnicity and season are major determinants of serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D in New Zealanders. There is a high prevalence of vitamin D insufficiency in NZ children and adults, which may contribute to increased risk of osteoporosis and other chronic disease. While there is a pressing need for more convincing evidence with regards to the health risks associated with the low vitamin D status in children, evidence from the study of adults, where higher PTH concentrations were found during spring versus summer, suggests that the low 25-hydroxyvitamin D concentrations are having an adverse effect on bone health of adults. The high prevalence of vitamin D insufficiency in New Zealanders, warrants serious consideration of strategies such as fortification, to improve the vitamin D status of the population.
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Ismail, Rana H. "Vitamin D Deficiency and Immune Function in African American, HIV-Infected Men." ScholarWorks, 2015. https://scholarworks.waldenu.edu/dissertations/1222.
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Vitamin D deficiency is common in individuals diagnosed with HIV and is known for its detrimental health effects. Its recognition as a potent immune-modulator with possible immune health implications in HIV disease progression was the main impetus for this study. The association between Vitamin D and CD4 count falls short of being consistent and is too weak to allow conclusions. Similarly, the literature is inconsistent with regard to the impact of Vitamin D supplementation on CD4. This observational, retrospective chart review study aimed to explore the relationship between Vitamin D deficiency and CD4 count/percent, and to evaluate whether changes in Vitamin D levels after supplementation corresponds with significant changes in CD4 count/percent in a cohort of African American, HIV-infected men who attended an HIV clinic in southeast Michigan (N = 70). The conceptual framework was based on the role of Vitamin D in regulating the immune responses through Vitamin D nuclear receptors on the CD4 cells. It postulated that an increase in Vitamin D level might enhance immune function, promote cellular anti-inflammatory state, and decelerate CD4 destruction. Data analysis included descriptive statistics, bivariate correlation, logistic and linear regression, t test, repeated measures ANOVA, and ANCOVA. Findings of the study did not support the hypotheses of significant correlation between Vitamin D and CD4 count (p = 0.458) and percent (p = 0.776), or of any impact of supplementation on CD4 count (p = 0.216) and percent (p = 0.918). Social change implications include providing health professionals, researchers, and policymakers with knowledge to tailor health promotion interventions aiming to reduce Vitamin D deficiency in favor of improving the overall health of HIV patients, especially high-risk groups such as African American HIV-infected patients.
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Barnes, Brooke. "A Multi-Vitamin for the Built Environment: Exploring how a Multi-Sectoral and Multi-Institutional Partnership Links Health and the BeltLine." Digital Archive @ GSU, 2011. http://digitalarchive.gsu.edu/iph_theses/164.
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The Atlanta BeltLine is an innovative redevelopment project re-shaping Atlanta residents’ access to, multi-use trails, parks, public transportation, housing and employment opportunities. The primary purpose of this project was to develop a research proposal to study and analyze the health benefits associated with multi-use trails within BeltLine communities. A secondary purpose of this project was to evaluate the multi-sectoral and multi-institutional partnership that was formed to develop the research proposal and study the influence of the BeltLine on health outcomes. In August 2010 representatives from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Emory University, Georgia Institute of Technology, Georgia State University, the Atlanta BeltLine Inc. and the Atlanta BeltLine Partnership formed the BeltLine Health Proposal Committee. Two online surveys using Survey Monkey were conducted to evaluate how this committee was operating, if roles and responsibilities were clear and to determine if this committee was an effective mechanism to integrate health and the built environment. Findings from the survey indicated that committee members believed this group was a unique partnership comprised of dedicated professionals sharing a common interest. Survey findings indicated there were several challenges that needed attention including improving communication, resolving competing interests, and identifying a lead organization. Findings from this evaluation can help resolve these issues and help the committee transition into a Health Advisory Group. The Health Advisory Group will serve as formal body that will review research proposals, conduct research, leverage funding and disseminate key health findings related to the BeltLine.
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Owens, Troy Jean-Luc. "Assessment of Vitamin D Levels and Depression Among Adults in the United States." ScholarWorks, 2015. https://scholarworks.waldenu.edu/dissertations/362.
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Vitamin D is essential to optimizing health; vitamin D deficiency (VDD) can increase risk of hypertension, cardiovascular disease, and insulin resistance. VDD occurs when individuals do not receive sufficient oral intake or obtain adequate sun exposure. Previous researchers indicated there is a relationship between VDD and depression, while others have indicated there is no relationship. The purpose of this study was to examine the relationship between vitamin D levels and depression, and how this relationship might be moderated by an individual's demographic characteristics (gender, age, smoking status, or marital status). This study was a quantitative data analysis of archival data from the 2005-2006 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. The Health Belief Model was the theoretical framework. An ex-post facto exploratory analysis was used to test 2,623 adults located throughout the United States. Employing moderated multiple regression, a significant relationship was found between vitamin D levels and depression (p. < .001); however, the relationship was not moderated by demographic characteristics (gender, age, smoking status, or marital status). This study supports prior researchers who affirmed a correlation between vitamin D levels and depression. Given the definitive findings, practitioners should continue to recommend intake of vitamin D to individuals not meeting recommended daily dosages, but recommendations should not be based on gender, age, smoking status, or marital status. Understanding the connection between VDD and depression provides a basis on which to foster positive social change at the individual, family, organizational, and societal level.
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Davis, Shani Vann. "The Relationship Between Socioeconomic Status and Body Mass Index on Vitamin D Levels in African American Women with and without Diabetes Living in Areas with Abundant Sunshine." Scholar Commons, 2013. http://scholarcommons.usf.edu/etd/4660.
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OBJECTIVE: To examine the relationships between socioeconomic status (SES), body mass index (BMI), and vitamin D levels in African American (AA) women living in areas with abundant sunshine; and to explore if diabetes moderates these relationships.
SIGNIFICANCE: More AA's live in poverty, and experience obesity, diabetes, and chronic disease compared to other groups. Eighty percent of AA women are overweight or obese, and rates of type 2 diabetes is highest in this group. Minority race, obesity, and diabetes increase risks for low vitamin D, and are associated with p
DESIGN AND METHOD: A cross-sectional descriptive research design was used to examine the specified relationships. Data from 611 non-pregnant AA women ≥ age 20 from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) cycles 2003 - 2006 were studied. SES was measured as poverty to income ratio (PIR), education level, and annual household income. Mean ± SD for BMI was 31 ± 8, and 14ng/ml ± 7ng/ml for vitamin D level. Only 8% of the sample had diabetes (n = 49). One hundred-eighty lived in areas with abundant sunshine.
RESULTS: BMI independently predicted the vitamin D level without regard for SES, or geographical locale. Vitamin D supplement use emerged as an independent predictor of vitamin D on covariate analysis. SES did not explain significant variation in the vitamin D level. A moderating influence of diabetes could not be determined.
CONCLUSIONS: BMI inversely predicts vitamin D level independent of geographic locale in AA women. Ethno/cultural measures to reduce BMI should be standard in caring for AA women which may affect vitamin D level and/or reduce morbidity and mortality in this group. Persons with low vitamin D suffer with more adverse health outcomes, and future research should examine if vitamin D deficiency accelerates risks for poor health outcomes where BMI is high.
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Stein, Alexander. "Micronutrient malnutrition and the impact of modern plant breeding on public health in India: How cost-effective is biofortification?" [S.l. : s.n.], 2006. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:100-opus-1574.
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Hayashi, Celina. "Vitamin D and Retinal Nerve Fiber Layer Thickness in Patients with Multiple Sclerosis." Scholarship @ Claremont, 2014. http://scholarship.claremont.edu/scripps_theses/325.
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Multiple Sclerosis (MS) is a neurological autoimmune disease characterized by demyelination of central nervous system tissue and one way this is presented is in the demyelination of the retinal nerve, causing vision disturbance and loss (Munger et al., 2006). The thinning of the retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) can be measured and visualized using a noninvasive technique called Optical Coherence Tomography (OCT), which is also used to measure relative MS severity (Petzold et al., 2010). One environmental factor that has been found to have a relationship with MS is vitamin D; research findings suggest that sufficient levels of vitamin D may reduce the risk of developing MS, decrease MS severity, and may slow its progression (Ascherio et al., 2010; Munger et al., 2006; Muris et al., 2013). The mechanism by which vitamin D affects certain symptoms requires deeper investigation.
This research examines the relationship between serum concentrations of 25-hydroxyvitamin D and retinal nerve fiber layer thicknesses in patients with MS. It was hypothesized that patients with sufficient vitamin D levels would have less demyelination of the retinal nerve caused by MS, and therefore would have a thicker RNFL in both eyes based on the proposed immunomodulatory role of vitamin D found in other studies. Blood samples were assayed to measure the concentration of 25-hydroxyvitamin D and OCT was used to measure RNFL thicknesses in patients with MS at the Harbor-UCLA Medical Center Neurology Clinic. Patients with sufficient levels of 25-hydroxyvitamin D had a greater mean global RNFL thickness in both eyes than in patients with insufficient levels of 25-hydroxyvitamin D; however the differences were not significant. Further research is necessary in order to determine whether or not there is a correlation between vitamin D and RNFL thickness and what role vitamin D plays in MS presentation.
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Mooney, Kathleen Marie. "Homocysteine and B vitamins : interventions to assess the effects of B vitamin status and to propose public health strategies for folic acid fortification." Thesis, Queen's University Belfast, 2006. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.437484.
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Vosyliūtė, Aušrinė. "Vitaminas E piene ir pieno produktuose." Master's thesis, Lithuanian Academic Libraries Network (LABT), 2013. http://vddb.laba.lt/obj/LT-eLABa-0001:E.02~2013~D_20130618_094622-60025.
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Darbo tikslas – nustatyti piene ir jo produktuose esantį riebaluose tirpų vitaminą E ir įvertinti jo dinamiką įtakojančius veiksnius bei jų reikšmingumo lygį.
Darbo uždaviniai:
1. Mokslinės literatūros apie riebaluose tirpius vitaminus piene ir jo produktuose analizė ir apibendrinimas.
2. Nustatyti piene ir jo produktuose esantį riebaluose tirpų vitaminą E.
3. Įvertinti veiksnius įtakojančius piene ir jo produktuose esančio riebaluose tirpaus vitamino E dinamiką.
4. Nustatyti piene ir pieno produktuose esančio riebaluose tirpaus vitamino E dinamiką įtakojančių veiksnių reikšmingumo lygį.
Tirti iš 3 Lietuvoje esančių pieno ūkių paimti pieno mėginiai ir iš šio pieno pagaminti produktai: pasterizuotas pienas, acidofilinis pienas, raugintas pienas, kefyras, grietinėlė, grietinė, sviestas, išrūgos. Prekybos centre tyrimams įsigyti fermentiniai puskiečiai sūriai ir saldintas sutirštintas pienas. Tyrimai atlikti Lietuvos sveikatos mokslų universiteto Lietuvos veterinarijos akademijos biochemijos katedroje ir maisto tyrimų laboratorijoje.
Atliktas tiriamojo pieno cheminės sudėties nustatymas. Vitamino E kiekio piene ir pieno produktuose nustatymas didelės skyros skysčių chromatografijos metodu.
Išvados:
1. Atlikus vitamino E kiekio tyrimą iš pieno ūkių paimtuose pieno mėginiuose didžiausią vitamino E kiekį nustatėme Lietuvos žalųjų karvių ūkyje vasarą 0,85 mg/kg, žiemą – 0,80 mg/kg. Mažiausią vitamino E kiekį vasaros piene nustatėme mišriame karvių ūkyje 0,72 mg/kg, žiemos... [toliau žr. visą tekstą]<br>The aim of the work – determine the milk fat–soluble vitamin E, and evaluate the dynamics influencing factors and their significance levels.
Objectives: 1. Analysis and generalization of scientific literature about the fat-soluble vitamins in milk and its products. 2. To detect the fat-soluble vitamin E in milk and milk products. 3. To access the factors influencing the fat-soluble vitamin E dynamics in milk and its products. 4. To determine significance of fat-soluble vitamin E dynamics influencing factors in milk and milk products.
Milk samples and dairy products from this milk: pasteurized milk, acidophilic milk, acidified milk, kefir, cream, sour cream, butter, were investigated which have been taken from dairy farms in Lithuania. The research was carried out in the Biochemical department of Lithuanian Health Science University Veterinary Academy and laboratory of food analysis; Lithuanian fermented semi-hard cheese and sweetened condensed milk from trade centers were investigated.
The chemical composition of milk has been determinated. Vitamin E content in milk and milk products were determinate by high performance liquid chromatography.
Conclusions: 1. During examination of vitamin E content in milk from farms, the highest content of vitamin E was found in the third cows farm: at summer 0,85 mg/kg, at winter 0,80 mg/kg. The lowest content of vitamin E at summer was found in the second farm 0,72 mg/kg and the lowest content of vitamin E at winter was found... [to full text]
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Jee, Junbae. "VITAMIN A EFFECTS ON ANTIBODY RESPONSES TO BOVINE CORONAVIRUS AND ROTAVIRUS VACCINES IN FEEDLOT CALVES." The Ohio State University, 2009. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1236365888.
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Pham, Ethan. "Relationships among Vitamin D Deficiency, Metabolic Syndrome, Smoking Behavior, and Physical Activity." ScholarWorks, 2018. https://scholarworks.waldenu.edu/dissertations/4812.
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Aging increases the risk of both vitamin D deficiency and metabolic syndrome. Vitamin D deficiency and metabolic syndrome may be related, although there are mixed findings. Furthermore, literature suggests other factors such as physical fitness activity and smoking behavior are associated with Vitamin D deficiency and the development of metabolic syndrome. A number of studies have documented associations between Vitamin D levels and physical fitness activities, while other studies found correlations between Vitamin D levels, metabolic syndrome, and smoking behavior. However, no previous study has examined the links between physical fitness activity, smoking behavior, Vitamin D levels, and the risks for metabolic syndrome. The purpose of this study was to examine if smoking behavior and physical fitness activity moderated the relationship between Vitamin D deficiency and metabolic syndrome among older individuals. The research problem was addressed through the use of retrospective data collected from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 2005-2006. This study utilized a quantitative, retrospective, cross-sectional design employing regression and correlational analysis to determine that Vitamin D deficiency (p = 0.02) predicts metabolic syndrome (n = 1570). However, neither physical activity (p = 0.99) nor smoking behavior (p = 0.23) moderated the relationship between Vitamin D deficiency and metabolic syndrome (n = 1570). The results of the study could give practitioners a better understanding and insights into the different risk factors to metabolic syndrome among older individuals, which can eventually enable primary and secondary prevention interventions.
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Scherf, Kayla K. "Vitamin D Status of American Adults Age 18 Years and Older: National Health And Nutrition Examination Survey 2001-2002 and 2003-2004." Bowling Green, Ohio : Bowling Green State University, 2008. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc%5Fnum=bgsu1225454830.
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E:son, Jennersjö Pär. "Risk factors in type 2 diabetes with emphasis on blood pressure, physical activity and serum vitamin D." Doctoral thesis, Linköpings universitet, Avdelningen för samhällsmedicin, 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-125911.
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Background Type 2 diabetes is a common chronic disease with a two-fold increased risk for cardiovascular morbidity and mortality and has an increasing prevalence worldwide. This thesis is based on a study conducted in primary health care in Östergötland and Jönköping, Sweden. The aim of the thesis was to evaluate new risk markers to identify patients with high risk of developing cardiovascular disease in middle-aged men and women with type 2 diabetes. Methods Data from the cohort study CArdiovascular Risk in type 2 DIabetes – a Prospective study in Primary care (CARDIPP) was used. In paper III data were also used from CARDIPP-Revisited where all participants in the CARDIPP study were invited four years after the baseline investigation for a re-investigation. In paper IV data were used from CAREFUL which is a control group of 185 subjects without diabetes. The investigation included a standard medical history including data on diabetes duration and on-going medication. Anthropometric data were recorded and both office and ambulatory blood pressure were measured. The patients filled out a detailed questionnaire and physical activity was measured by using waist-mounted pedometers. Pedometer-determined physical activity was classified in four groups: Group 1: <5000 steps/day (‘sedentary’); Group 2: 5000-7499 steps/day (‘low active’); Group 3: 7500-9999 steps/day (‘somewhat active’); Group 4: and ≥10 000 steps/day (‘active’). Blood samples were drawn for routine analyses and also frozen for later analyses. The investigations at the departments of physiology included echocardiography, measurements of the carotid intima-media thickness, applanation tonometry and measurements of sagittal abdominal diameter. Results Paper 1: Patients with a non-dipping systolic blood pressure pattern showed higher left ventricular mass index and pulse wave velocity (PWV) compared with patients with ≥10% decline in nocturnal systolic blood pressure. Patients with <10% decline in nocturnal systolic blood pressure had higher BMI and sagittal abdominal diameter, lower GFR and higher albumin:creatinine ratio and also higher levels of NT-proBNP than patients with a dipping pattern of the nocturnal blood pressure. Paper 2: The number of steps/day were inversely significantly associated with BMI, waist circumference and sagittal abdominal diameter, levels of CRP, levels of interleukin-6 and PWV. Paper 3: At the 4-year follow-up the change in PWV (ΔPWV) from baseline was calculated. The group with the lowest steps/day had a significantly higher increase in ΔPWV compared with the group with the highest steps/day. The associations between baseline steps/day and ΔPWV remained after further adjustment in a multivariate linear regression statistically significant (p=0.005). 23% of the variation in the study could be explained by our model. Every 1000 extra steps at baseline reduced the change in ΔPWV by 0.103 m/s between baseline and follow-up. Paper 4: Low vitamin D levels were associated with significantly increased risk for premature mortality in men with type 2 diabetes. High levels of parathyroid hormone were associated with significantly increased risk for premature mortality in women with type 2 diabetes. These relationships were still statistically significant also when two other well-established risk markers for mortality, PWV and carotid intima-media thickness, were added to the analyses. Conclusions Ambulatory blood pressure recording can by addressing the issue of diurnal blood pressure variation, explore early cardiovascular organ damage and microvascular complications that goes beyond effects of standardised office blood pressure measurements. Pedometer-determined physical activity may serve as a surrogate marker for inflammation and subclinical organ damage in patients with type 2 diabetes. There is novel support for the durable vascular protective role of a high level of daily physical activity, which is independent of BMI and systolic blood pressure. The use of pedometers is feasible in clinical practice and provides objective information not only about physical activity but also the future risk for subclinical organ damage in middle-aged people with type 2 diabetes. Our results indicate that low vitamin D levels in men or high parathyroid hormone levels in women give independent prognostic information of an increased risk for total mortality.
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Prawirohartono, Endy. "Prenatal zinc and vitamin A supplementation : a study on the impact of prenatal micronutrient supplementation in rural Indonesia." Licentiate thesis, Umeå universitet, Epidemiologi och global hälsa, 2012. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-52912.
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Objectives: To study the effects of prenatal zinc and vitamin A supplementation on birthsize, neonatal morbidity, infant mortality, and growth in children up to two years of age. Subjects and Methods: From September 1995 to December 1999 pregnant women inPurworejo District, Central Java, Indonesia with gestational age <17 weeks (n=2173) wererecruited to and participated in a community-based, individually randomized, placebo controlled,double blinded study aiming to evaluate the impact of supplementation (vitamin A,zinc, vitamin A + zinc) during pregnancy on maternal morbidity and pregnancy outcomes. Weanalyzed secondary data from that study regarding birth size, neonatal morbidity and infantmortality of the 1956 infants born alive. A subsample of infants (n=343) was followed until 2years of age concerning growth, feeding practices and morbidity. Outcomes were tested usingthe chi-square test, ANOVA, ANCOVA, and Cox’s proportional hazard function. Results: Birth weights in the zinc [mean ±Standard deviation (SD): 3.16 ± 0.52 kg], vitaminA (3.08 ± 0.46 kg) or the combined vitamin A and zinc (3.10 ± 0.59) groups did not differ fromplacebo (3.09 ± 0.50 kg) after adjustment for maternal pre-pregnancy weight, weight gainduring pregnancy, and parity (P=0.70). Birth lengths of infants born to mothers supplementedwith zinc or vitamin A were in average 0.3 cm and 0.2 cm longer than those in the placebogroup after adjustment for maternal height, pre-pregnancy weight, weight gain during pregnancy,and parity (P=0.04). The impact of prenatal supplementation on infant mortality andneonatal morbidity was not significant. There was a small effect of prenatal vitamin A supplementationon postnatal growth in height-for-age z-score (HAZ). The absolute differencesbetween the vitamin A only and vitamin A + zinc groups at 3 and 9 months were 0.34 SD and0.37 SD, respectively, and the absolute difference between the vitamin A only and zinc onlygroups at 18 months was 0.31 SD. Defining growth faltering as downward crossing of ≥2 majorpercentile lines, 50-75% of the children were faltering within 9 months of age, whereas 17%and 8% were <-2 SD for growth in weight-for-age z-score (WAZ) and HAZ, respectively.Prenatal supplementation did not reduce the prevalence of growth faltering. Conclusions: Prenatal vitamin A and zinc demonstrates a small but significant impact onbirth length, but it does not have any protective effect on infant mortality and neonatal morbidity.Prenatal vitamin A supplementation had a small but significant effect on postnatallength growth until 18 months of age, but no effect on weight gain, growth rate and it did notreduce the prevalence of growth faltering.<br>Tujuan: meneliti pengaruh suplementasi zink dan vitamin A pada masa prenatal terhadapukuran tubuh bayi baru lahir, morbiditas neonatal, kematian bayi, dan pertumbuhan anaksampai dengan umur dua tahun Subjek dan Metode: Dari bulan September 1995 sampai dengan Desember 1999 ibu hamildi Kabupaten Purworejo, Jawa Tengah, Indonesia dengan umur kehamilan <17 minggu(n=2173) diikutsertakan ke dalam penelitian berbasis komunitas, teracak, menggunakankontrol plasebo dan buta ganda yang bertujuan mengevaluasi pengaruh suplementasi vitaminA, zink, dan kombinasi vitamin A dan zink selama kehamilan terhadap morbididitas ibu danhasil kehamilan. Kami menganalisis data sekunder dari penelitian ini dan mengevaluasi ukurantubuh bayi waktu lahir, morbiditas neonatal, dan kematian bayi dari 1956 bayi yang lahirhidup. Sebagian dari subjek (n=343) diikuti sampai dengan umur dua tahun untuk mengetahuipertumbuhan, cara pemberian makan, dan morbiditasnya. Data dianalisis dengan chi-squaretest, ANOVA, ANCOVA, dan Cox’s proportional hazard function. Hasil: Berat badan lahir pada kelompok zink [mean ±standar deviasi (SD): 3.16 ± 0.52 kg],vitamin A (3.08 ± 0.46 kg) atau kombinasi vitamin A dan zink (3.10 ± 0.59) tidak berbedasecara bermakna dibandingkan dengan plasebo (3.09 ± 0.50 kg) setelah dikontrol oleh beratbadan ibu sebelum hamil, pertambahan berat badan selama hamil, dan paritas (P=0,70).Panjang lahir dari kelompok ibu yang disuplementasi dengan vitamin A atau zink 0,2 cm danrata-rata 0,3 cm lebih panjang dibanding kelompok plasebo setelah dikontrol oleh tinggi badanibu, berat badan ibu sebelum hamil, pertambahan berat selama hamil, dan paritas (P=0,04). Pengaruh suplementasi selama masa prenatal terhadap kematian bayi dan morbiditas neonataltidak bermakna. Suplementasi masa prenatal mempunyai efek yang lemah terhadap pertumbuhanyang diukur dengan indikator tinggi badan menurut umur (HAZ). Perbedaan absolutpanjang badan anak antara kelompok vitamin A dan kombinasi vitamin A dan zink pada umur3 dan 9 bulan adalah 0,34 SD dan 0,37 SD; dan perbedaan absolut antara kelompok vitaminA dengan zink pada umur 18 bulan adalah 0,31 SD. Dengan menggunakan kriteria growthfaltering sebagai penurunan garis pertumbuhan memotong ≥ 2 persentil major, 50-75% anakmengalami growth faltering pada umur 9 bulan, dan hanya 17% dan 8% yang terdeksi mengalamigrowth faltering bila digunakan kriteria WAZ dan HAZ <- 2SD. Suplementasi vitaminA dan zink pada masa prenatal tidak menurunkan prevalensi growth faltering. Kesimpulan: Suplementasi vitamin A dan zink pada masa prenatal menunjukkan adanyapengaruh lemah tetapi bermakna terhadap panjang lahir, tetapi tidak menunjukkan efekprotektif terhadap kematian bayi dan morbiditas neonatal. Suplementasi vitamin A pada masaprenatal mempunyai efek lemah tetapi bermakna terhadap pertumbuhan panjang badansampai dengan umur 18 bulan, tetapi tidak disertai pengaruh terhadap kenaikan berat badan,laju pertumbuhan dan tidak menurunkan prevalensi growth faltering.
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Souza, Cristiane Simões Bento de. "Deficiência de vitamina A em adolescentes do sexo masculino atendidos em uma Unidade Básica de Saúde." Universidade de São Paulo, 2011. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/17/17144/tde-25012016-115026/.
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Introdução: A Deficiência de vitamina A (DVA) é uma das carências nutricionais mais prevalentes no mundo. É um problema de saúde pública com elevada morbidade e mortalidade em vários países em desenvolvimento. Acomete principalmente crianças pré-escolares, gestantes e nutrizes. Poucos trabalhos estudam a prevalência de DVA entre adolescentes. Objetivos: verificar a prevalência de DVA em adolescentes atendidos em um ambulatório de pediatria geral no município de Ribeirão Preto (SP); estudar a influência de indicadores socioeconômicos e bioquímicos no \"status\" de vitamina A desta população. Materiais e métodos: Desenho: estudo descritivo transversal de prevalência; Amostragem: 80 adolescentes do sexo masculino entre 10 e 19 anos. Métodos: teste +S30DR (o adolescente recebeu uma dose oral de 200.000UI de vitamina A imediatamente antes da primeira coleta de sangue. Uma segunda amostra foi obtida 30 a 45 dias após para determinação do +S30DR); dosagem da Proteína C Reativa; entrevista e avaliação antropométrica. Resultados: 43,8% (35/80) adolescentes apresentaram testes +S30DR positivos. As médias dos níveis de retinol sérico pré e pós-suplementação foram de 1,30 \'micro\'mol/l (DP:0,41) e 1,54\'micro\'mol/l (DP:0,41), respectivamente (p= 0,01; teste \"t\" de Student). Idade, renda familiar, número de pessoas no domicilio e escolaridade dos pais não se mostraram como fatores de risco para a DVA. Os níveis séricos de PCR e os episódios febris e diarréicos não alteraram os valores finais de +S30DR. Conclusões: A elevada prevalência de DVA nesta população sugere a realização de novos estudos que possam comprovar ser pertinente a inclusão desta faixa etária em programas de prevenção e erradicação desta carência nutricional<br>The adolescent received an oral dose of 200,000 IU vitamin A immediately after the first blood collection. A second blood sample was obtained 3045 days after supplementation in order to determine the +S30DR) 1.30 mol/l (DP:0.41) and 1.54mol/l (DP:0.41), respectively (p= 0.01; test t of Student). Ag Background: Vitamin A Deficiency (VAD) is one of the most prevalent nutritional deficiencies in the world. It constitutes a public health problem with high morbidity and mortality rates for many developing countries. It mainly affects preschool children, pregnant and lactating women and few studies have been done to evaluate its prevalence among adolescents. Objectives: To determine the prevalence of VAD among adolescents treated at a day-care pediatric clinic in Ribeirao Preto (Sao Paulo); to study the influence of socioeconomic and biochemical indicators on the status of vitamin A in this population. Materials and Method: Design: A descriptive cross- sectional study of prevalence; sampling: 80 male 10 to 19-year-old adolescents. Methods: +S30DR test ( ; dosage of C-reactive protein; interview and anthropometric measurements. Results: a total of 43.8% (35/80) adolescents presented positive +S30DR tests. The mean serum retinol pre and pos- supplementation levels were e, income, number of people in the home or parents\' education did not present as risk factors for VAD. Serum levels of CRP and fever and diarrhea episodes did not alter the final values of + S30DR. Conclusions: The high prevalence of VAD in this population would suggest the need for further studies which could prove that it would be relevant to include this age group in programs for the prevention and eradication of this nutritional deficiency. Descriptors: adolescent; vitamin A deficiency; retinol; public health.
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von, Hurst Pamela Ruth. "The role of vitamin D in metabolism and bone health : a thesis presented in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in Nutritional Science at Massey University, Albany, New Zealand." Massey University, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10179/1148.
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Background Hypovitaminosis D is becoming recognised as an emerging threat to health, even in countries like New Zealand which enjoy plentiful sunshine. The evidence for a role for vitamin D deficiency in the aetiology of a plethora of diseases continues to accumulate, including type 2 diabetes, and the preceding insulin resistance. Objectives The primary objective of the Surya Study was to investigate the effect of improved vitamin D status (through supplementation) on insulin resistance. The secondary objectives were to investigate the vitamin D status and bone mineral density of South Asian women living in New Zealand, and to investigate the effect of vitamin D supplementation on bone turnover as measured by biochemical markers of bone resorption and formation. Method Women of South Asian origin, ≥20 years old, living in Auckland (n = 235) were recruited for the study. All were asked to complete a 4-day food diary, invited to have a bone scan, and were screened for entry into the intervention phase which required insulin resistance (HOMA-IR >1.93) and serum 25(OH)D < 50 nmol/L. Eighty-one completed a 6-month randomised controlled trial with 4000 IU vitamin D3 (n = 42) or placebo (n = 39). Primary endpoint measures included insulin resistance, insulin sensitivity (HOMA2%S), fasting C-peptide and markers of bone turnover, osteocalcin (OC) and collagen C-telopeptide (CTX). Ninety-one of the 239 had a bone scan and bone mineral density (BMD) was measured in the proximal femur and lumbar spine. Results Adequate serum 25(OH)D concentrations (>50 nmol/L) were observed in only 16% of subjects screened. Median (25th, 75th percentile) serum 25(OH)D increased significantly from 21 (11,40) to 75 (55,84) nmol/L with supplementation. Significant improvements were seen in insulin sensitivity and insulin resistance (P = 0·003, P = 0·02 respectively), and circulating serum insulin decreased (P = 0·02) with supplementation compared to placebo. There was no change in C-peptide with supplementation. Insulin resistance was most improved when endpoint serum 25(OH)D =80 nmol/L. In post-menopausal women OC and CTX levels increased in the placebo arm but CTX decreased from 0.39±0.15 to 0.36±0.17 (P = 0.012) with supplementation. Osteoporosis (T score <-2.5) was present in 32% of postmenopausal, and 3% of premenopausal women. Women 20 – 29 years (n=10) had very low BMD, calcium intake and serum 25(OH)D Conclusions Improving vitamin D status in insulin resistant women resulted in improved insulin resistance and sensitivity but no change in insulin secretion. Optimal 25(OH)D concentrations for reducing insulin resistance were shown to be ≥80 nmol/L. The prevalence of low 25(OH)D concentrations in this population was alarmingly high, especially in younger women. In post-menopausal women, vitamin D supplementation appeared to ameliorate increased bone turnover attributed to oestrogen deficiency.
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Peixoto, Juliane Berenguer de Souza. "Programa brasileiro de prevenção e controle da deficiência de vitamina A: percepções de beneficiários." Universidade Estadual da Paraíba, 2011. http://tede.bc.uepb.edu.br/tede/jspui/handle/tede/1828.
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Previous issue date: 2011-11-09<br>The purpose of this study was to evaluate the perception of the beneficiary population
on the National Vitamin A Supplementation in Campina Grande, Paraiba. It is a descriptive
exploratory study of qualitative nature. The study subjects were pregnant women
and guardians of children six to 59 months of age. The sample was defined by the saturation
process. An individual interview script was used to collect data, which was analyzed
by content analysis. Four thematic categories were revealed through the words said: the user's
knowledge about vitamin A, overview of the user of supplementation, signaling the user
about limitations in the operationalization of the program, active participation in the
program. The speeches showed a lack of knowledge about vitamin A and impairment
of access to information about the program. Thus, the educational activities are
recommended as an indispensable tool to strengthen the program in the city.<br>O objetivo do presente estudo foi avaliar a percepção da população beneficiária sobre
o Programa Nacional de Suplementação de Vitamina A no município de Campina Grande,
Paraíba. Trata-se de um estudo descritivo exploratório de natureza qualitativa. Os sujeitos do
estudo foram gestantes e responsáveis por crianças de seis a 59 meses de idade. A amostra foi
definida pelo processo de saturação. Um roteiro de entrevista individual foi utilizado para a
coleta dos dados, os quais foram analisados através da técnica análise de conteúdo. Quatro
categorias temáticas foram reveladas através das falas: conhecimento do usuário sobre a
vitamina A; visão geral do usuário sobre a suplementação; sinalização do usuário sobre
limitações na operacionalização do Programa; participação ativa no Programa. As falas
demonstraram falta de conhecimento sobre a vitamina A e comprometimento do acesso à
informação sobre o Programa. Sendo assim, os resultados apontam para a necessidade de
atividades educativas como ferramenta indispensável para fortalecer o Programa no
município.
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Lima, Daniela Braga. "Anemia e deficiência de vitamina A em crianças brasileiras." Universidade de São Paulo, 2014. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/7/7141/tde-05112014-104916/.
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Introdução: Dentre as carências nutricionais de maior relevância destacam-se, neste estudo, anemia e deficiência de vitamina A, que constituem as principais preocupações das políticas públicas, na área de alimentação e nutrição. Apesar de medidas de prevenção e controle já terem sido implantadas no Brasil há algum tempo, suas prevalências continuam elevadas, com profundas repercussões na saúde infantil. Assim, embora reconhecidos como problemas de saúde pública e bastante explorados, politicamente, ainda há espectros de interesse epidemiológico a serem investigados. Objetivo: Analisar os determinantes da anemia e da deficiência de vitamina A (DVA), bem como a presença concomitante dessas duas carências nutricionais em crianças brasileiras. Métodos: Reanálise dos dados da Pesquisa Nacional de Demografia e Saúde da Criança e da Mulher (PNDS) de 2006, abrangente inquérito das condições de saúde de mulheres e crianças brasileiras cuja 3ª edição incorporou a avaliação dos níveis de hemoglobina e vitamina A. Essa reanálise baseou-se numa amostra probabilística complexa com representação nacional, o que permitiu descrever a situação de anemia e DVA nas macrorregiões brasileiras e suas áreas urbanas e rurais. O presente estudo incluiu a análise de 3.417 crianças de 6 a 59 meses. Anemia foi definida como hemoglobina (Hb) <11g/dL, determinada pelo método da cianometa-hemoglobina. DVA foi definida como retinol sérico <0,7mol/L, avaliado por cromatografia líquida de alta eficiência. Para expansão da amostra utilizaram-se critérios adotados pela PNDS. As variáveis respostas foram presença de anemia, de DVA e carência concomitante de DVA e anemia, enquanto as explanatórias, analisadas considerando-se três dimensões, foram vinculação aos processos estruturais da sociedade (variáveis socioeconômicas e ambientais); ao ambiente imediato da criança (variáveis maternas, de segurança e consumo alimentar); e individual (características biológicas da criança). A força de associação entre as variáveis respostas e as explanatórias foi avaliada pelo odds ratio (OR), tanto na análise univariada (OR bruta) quanto na múltipla (OR ajustada), com nível de significância de 5%. Resultados: Determinantes da anemia: A prevalência de anemia no País foi de 20,5%. Na análise múltipla, permaneceram associadas à anemia residir no Nordeste [OR: 3,45; IC: 2,21-5,40] Sudeste [OR: 2,55; IC: 1,60-4,06] e Sul [OR: 2,22; IC: 1,39-3,55]; na zona urbana [OR: 2,01; IC: 1,35-3,00]; e ter insegurança alimentar grave [OR: 1,78; IC: 1,00-3,16], destacando-se como proteção ter mãe com 5 a 8 anos de estudo [OR: 0,62; IC: 0,41-0,92] e consumir carne pelo menos uma vez na semana [OR: 0,45; IC: 0,22-0,93]. Determinantes da DVA: A prevalência de DVA no País foi de 17,5%. Após ajuste para as variáveis de confusão, permaneceram associadas ao DVA residir no Nordeste [OR: 1,77; IC: 1,16-2,77] e Sudeste [OR: 1,74; IC: 1,16-2,72]; na zona urbana [OR: 1,29; IC: 0,91-1,87]; e ter mãe com idade 36 anos [OR: 3,14; IC: 1,48-7,09], considerando-se proteção consumir carne pelo menos uma vez na semana [OR: 0,19; IC: 0,09-0,40]. Determinantes da DVA e da anemia: A prevalência concomitante de DVA e anemia foi de 3,9%, sem associação entre elas (p>0,05). As variáveis estatisticamente associadas (p<0,05) com DVA e anemia na análise múltipla foram residir no Sudeste [OR: 4,28; IC: 1,96-11,68] e Nordeste [OR: 2,92; IC: 1,31-7,96]; na zona urbana [OR: 3,66; IC: 1,46-12,30]; e ter insegurança alimentar grave [OR: 3,64; IC: 1,41-8,84]; revelando-se proteção ter idade 2 anos de idade [OR: 0,51; IC: 0,26-0,99]; e consumir carne pelo menos uma vez na semana [OR: 0,04; IC: 0,00-0,23]. Conclusões: Os resultados mostram redução importante na prevalência de anemia e DVA infantil no Brasil, embora, de acordo com o critério de importância epidemiológica da Organização Mundial da Saúde (OMS), continuem como problema moderado de saúde pública. Apesar das fortes evidências de que a DVA contribui para o desenvolvimento da anemia, constatou-se baixa prevalência concomitante dessas duas carências nutricionais entre as crianças brasileiras, e sem associação entre elas. Entretanto, anemia e DVA apresentam determinantes comuns (residir em macrorregiões menos e mais desenvolvidas e em área urbana), que reiteram o caráter trans-social dessas carências estudadas. O fato de terem como determinante a insegurança alimentar e como proteção consumir carne pelo menos uma vez por semana reforça a determinação social dessas deficiências nutricionais, embora a insegurança alimentar não tenha se associado à DVA. Os resultados evidenciaram como principais determinantes da anemia e da DVA aqueles relacionados aos processos estruturais da sociedade e do ambiente imediato da criança e não os individuais. Constatou-se, também, que as estratégias governamentais têm contribuído para a prevenção e controle dessas carências nutricionais no País, porém, sinaliza-se a necessidade de expansão da estratégia governamental no sentido de prevenção e controle da DVA, até então restrita a áreas de risco (região Nordeste e áreas pobres da região Sudeste).<br>Introduction: Among the most relevant nutritional deficiencies, anemia and vitamin A deficiency stand out, constituting the main concerns of public policy in food and nutrition area. Even though prevention and control measures have already been implemented in Brazil some time ago, their prevalence remains high, with profound effects on child health. Thus, in spite of recognized as problems of public health and plenty explored, politically, there are still spectra of epidemiological interest to be investigated. Objective: To analyze the determinants of anemia, vitamin A deficiency (VAD), as well as these two concomitant nutritional deficiencies in Brazilian children. Methods: Reanalysis of data from the National Survey on Demography and Health of Women and Children (PNDS) of 2006, comprehensive survey of health of women and children in Brazil, whose 3rd edition incorporated the evaluation of hemoglobin and vitamin A levels. This reanalysis was based on a complex random sampling with national representation, which allowed describing the situation of VAD and anemia in Brazilian regions and their urban and rural areas. This study included analysis of 3.417 children aged from 6 to 59 months. Anemia was defined as hemoglobin (Hb) <11g/dL, determined by cyanometahemoglobin method. VAD was set as serum retinol <0.7 mol/L, evaluated by high performance liquid chromatography. To expand the sample, the criteria adopted by PNDS were used. The variable responses were presence of anemia, VAD and concomitant deficiency of VAD and anemia, while the explanatory, analyzed considering three dimensions, were link to the structural processes of society (socioeconomic and environmental variables), to the immediate environment of the child (maternal variables, of safety and food consumption); and individual (biological characteristics of the child). The strength of association between the response and the explanatory variables was evaluated by odds ratio (OR), both in univariate (crude OR) and in multiple analysis (adjusted OR), with a significance level of 5%. Results: Determinants of anemia: The prevalence of anemia in the Country was 20.5%. In multiple analysis, remained associated with anemia living in the Northeast [OR: 3,45, CI; 2,21-5,40], Southeast [OR: 2,55; CI: 1,60-4,06] and South [OR:2,22;IC:1,39-3,55]; in urban area [OR: 2,01; CI: 1,35-3,00], and having severe food insecurity [OR: 1,78; CI :1,00-3,16], highlighting as protection having a mother with 5 to 8 years of study [OR: 0,62; CI: 0,41-0,92] and consuming meat at least once a week [OR: 0,45; CI: 0,22-0,93]. Determinants of VAD: The prevalence of VAD in the Country was 17.5%. After adjustment for confounding variables, remained associated with DVA living in the Northeast [OR: 1,77; CI: 1,16-2,77] and Southeast [OR: 1,74; CI: 1,16-2,72]; in urban area [OR: 1,29; CI: 0,91-1,87]; and having a mother aged 36 years [OR: 3,14; CI :1,48-7,09], considering protection to consume meat at least once a week [OR: 0,19; CI: 0,09-0,40]. Determinants of anemia and VAD: The concomitant prevalence of VAD and anemia was 3.9%, with no association between them (p>0,05). Variables statistically associated (p <0.05) with VAD and anemia in multiple analysis were living in the Southeast [OR: 4,28; CI: 1,96-11,68] and Northeast [OR: 2,92; IC: 1,31-7,96]; in urban area [OR: 3,66; CI: 1,46-12,30], and having severe food insecurity [OR: 3,64; CI: 1,41-8,84]; revealing protection being 2 years old [OR: 0,51; CI: 0,26-0,99] and consuming meat at least once a week [OR: 0,04; CI: 0,00-0,23]. Conclusions: The results show a significant reduction in the prevalence of child anemia and VAD in Brazil, although according to the criterion of epidemiological importance of the World Health Organization (WHO), they continue as a moderate public health problem. Despite strong evidences that VAD contributes to the development of anemia, it was verified a low prevalence of these two concomitant nutritional deficiencies among Brazilian children, and no association between them. However, anemia and VAD present common determinants (living in macro-regions less and more developed and in urban areas), reaffirming the transocial character of these nutritional deficiencies. The fact they have as a determinant food insecurity and as protection consuming meat at least once a week reinforce the social determination of these nutritional deficiencies, although food insecurity was not associated with VAD. The results showed as major determinants of anemia and VAD, those related to structural processes of society and the immediate environment of the child and not the individuals. It was also verified that government strategies have contributed to the prevention and control of these nutritional deficiencies in the Country, but it is signalized the need for expansion of the government\'s strategy for prevention and control of VAD, so far restricted to high-risk areas (Northeast and poor areas of the Southeast).
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Lindshield, Brian L. "Lycopene, selenium, vitamin E and prostate cancer /." 2008. http://gateway.proquest.com/openurl?url_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:dissertation&res_dat=xri:pqdiss&rft_dat=xri:pqdiss:3337850.
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Thesis (Ph.D.)--University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 2008.<br>Source: Dissertation Abstracts International, Volume: 69-11, Section: B, page: 6703. Adviser: Matthew A. Wallig. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 65-110) Available on microfilm from Pro Quest Information and Learning.
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Chang, Hsin-I., та 張心怡. "Effect of Intramuscular Injection of β-Carotene, Vitamin E and Selenium During Preparturition on Udder Health". Thesis, 2002. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/39432795817278689702.
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碩士<br>國立中興大學<br>畜產學系<br>90<br>The purposes of this study was to verify whether there would be effects of intramuscular injection of β-carotene, vitamin E, and selenium during 2-3 weeks preparturition on sustaining high blood levels of these nutrients, decreasing incidence of clinical mastitis and somatic cell counts (SCC), and increasing neutrophil phagocytosis during early lactation in Holstein cow. It was expected that the application of these nutrients would enhance the immune function in mammary glands of dairy cows and consequently declined the economic loss attributable to the udder problems.
Twenty eight cows were randomly allotted into one of the five treatments, among them, four medicated groups had been respectively given intramuscular injection of : 1) 1.5 mg β-carotene per 100 Kg body weight plus 3,000 IU vitamin E and 50 mg sodium selenite (induding 22.4 mg Se) per head (BCESE), including the adjuvants, Tween80 and sesame oil (dosage as per TWSO), 2) 3,000 IU vitamin E and 50 mg sodium selenite per head (ESE), including the adjuvant, Tween80 (dosage as per TW), 3) 3 mL sesame oil (solvent forβ-carotene ) per 100 Kg body weight plus 4.4 g Tween 80 per head (TWSO), 4) 4.4 g Tween 80 per head (solvent for vitamin E; TW), or no injection (Control) during 2-3 weeks prior to calving. From the concentration test of β-carotene, α-tocopherol, selenium and glutathione peroxidase in blood or milk conducted on the first, fourth and seventh pre- and post-injection days, within postparturition 24 hours and the first, fourth and seventh days postparturition, in addition to the examination proceeded within one month postparturition on milk yield, neutrophilic bacteriophagology and incidence of clinical mastitis. At preinjection, the blood plasma β-carotene concentration in each of the 5 treatments was above 5 μg/mL. During postinjection, the blood plasma β-carotene concentration in BCESE, ESE, TW, TWSO, and CONTR were 5.59 μg/mL, 5.09μg/mL, 4.77 μg/mL, 5.70 μg/mL, and 5.74 μg/mL, respectively. There was no significant difference in the blood plasma β-carotene concentration between preinjection and postinjection in all the treatments. During postparturition, the blood plasma β-carotene concentration in BCESE, ESE, TW, TWSO, and CONTR were 3.07 μg/mL, 3.24 μg/mL, 2.90 μg/mL, 3.30 μg/mL, and 2.66 μg/mL, respectively. The blood plasma β-carotene concentration of the cows in all treatments was above normal level, 1.5 μg/mL, during periparturition indicating that these cows were sufficient in β-carotene nutritional status. The average of BCESE and ESE in postinjection blood plasma α-tocopherol concentration was greater (P<0.05) than those without injection of vitamin E. Blood plasma α-tocopherol concentration declines abruptly during parturition. Cows injected with vitamin E could prevent from rapid decrease of the nutrient concentration in blood and increase the nutrient concentration in milk (P<0.05). The treatments exerted no significant effect on selenium concentration in blood serum and milk, and glutathione peroxidase activity in whole blood. The SCC at week 2 postparturition in BCESE and ESE were less than those in TW, TWSO, and CONTR. However, there were no significant differences observed in neutrophil phagocytosis to Escherichia Coli and Staphylococcus aureus, incidence of mastitis and milk yield of the cows.
In conclusion, the efficacy of injecting β-carotene and selenium to cows during preparturition was not observed as expecting and the rationale for this might be attributable to the sufficient nutritional status of these nutrients in the cows under examined. Nevertheless, injection of vitamin E to cows during preparturition was effective in decreasing the severity of abruptly drop of α-tocopherol concentrations in blood and in milk right after calving.
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Micka, Ann. "Vitamin D Status among Bangladeshi Women of Reproductive Age." 2009. https://scholarworks.umass.edu/theses/287.
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Vitamin D deficiency is of particular concern among women in many south Asian countries due to low availability of vitamin D-rich foods, dark skin pigmentation, and cultural and religious practices that promote the wearing of concealing clothing. However, information regarding the vitamin D status of many subpopulations in south Asian countries is limited. The current study was conducted to assess the vitamin D status of 147 Bangladeshi women of reproductive age and determine whether vitamin D status influences susceptibility to arsenic-associated skin lesions (75 cases, 72 controls). Serum 25(OH)D3 levels were measured using a radioimmunoassay. The mean serum vitamin D level among the women in the current study was 60.1 nmol/L, which is well below the cut-off value of 75 nmol/L defining optimal vitamin D status. Over 81% of the women were below this cut-off value. Vitamin D status was not influenced by the presence of arsenic-associated skin lesions. Sun exposure and very low egg consumption were factors identified as significant predictors of vitamin D status (p<0.05, p<0.04, respectively). Every additional hour of sun exposure per week during work was associated with a 0.32 nmol/L, on average, increase in serum vitamin D levels. Very low egg consumption corresponded to a 10.85 nmol/L lower serum vitamin D level compared to frequent egg consumption. Public health efforts in Bangladesh should promote increased consumption of food sources rich in vitamin D. Vitamin D fortification or supplementation may also be viable options to improve the vitamin D status of the population.
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Stone, Caroline. "Vitamin D Status and Bone Health Among Young Adult Women." 2018. https://scholarworks.umass.edu/masters_theses_2/617.
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Background:
Osteoporosis is estimated to affect 200 million women in the world, affecting 10% of women aged 60, 20% of women aged 70, 40% of women aged 80 and 67% of women aged 90. Osteoporosis is characterized by low bone density and increases the risk for fractured bones; however, it may be prevented with modifiable factors such as supplements, diet, and physical activity. Vitamin D deficiency leads to bone mineral density loss, as Vitamin D3 is responsible for calcium absorption into the bones. Bone consolidation is believed to occur between 20 and 30 years old; thus, attaining peak bone mass is critical during pre-menopause.
Methods:
The relationship between vitamin D and bone mineral density has predominately been studied in postmenopausal populations. Therefore, we examined this association among 18-30 year old participants (n=271) in the cross-sectional UMass Vitamin D Status Study. The modified version of the Harvard Food Frequency Questionnaire was used to assess the average intake of vitamin D foods and supplements. Serum 25(OH)D3 concentrations were assayed from blood samples. Bone mineral content and bone area were measured by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry scan. Bone mineral content (BMC), as measured in grams, provides a measure of bone mass. Bone area (BA), as measured in cm2, reflects a two-dimensional area, which is characterized by the periphery of a bone region. We used multivariable linear regression to model the relationship between bone mineral density and bone area with sources of vitamin D after adjusting for dietary and lifestyle factors.
Results:
In the present study, the mean and standard deviation of vitamin D is 372.7 IU and 285.8 IU, respectively. For vitamin D from supplements, the mean is 140.9 IU with a standard deviation of 232.3 IU. Finally, for vitamin D from food, the mean is 231.8 IU with a standard deviation of 182.0 IU. Compared to reference values of 600 IU, these data are below the recommended daily allowance.
We did not observe an association between total vitamin D or vitamin D from foods sources with either BMC or BA. We also did not observe an association between serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D levels and BMC or BA.
Conclusion:
Future studies with larger sample sizes are warranted to validate this association among young premenopausal women.
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Sandjaja. "A multivariate analysis of the impact of vitamin A supplementation on mortality of children in Nepal a dissertation submitted in partial fulfillment ... for the degree of Doctor of Public Health (International Health) ... /." 1994. http://books.google.com/books?id=OkVBAAAAMAAJ.
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Mokhtar, Rana Redha. "Vitamin D status, growth, and pneumonia in a pediatric Andean population." Thesis, 2016. https://hdl.handle.net/2144/16742.
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Vitamin D is known to benefit skeletal bone health and prevent rickets in children. Limited evidence exists to support a role of vitamin D in linear growth and stunting, especially in children at high risk for growth faltering, e.g. undernourished low socio-economic status children <5 years. Also, it is unclear if the immunomodulatory benefits of vitamin D impact childhood pneumonia. It is critical to determine whether vitamin D ameliorates stunting and pneumonia, as these conditions are responsible for a high burden of child mortality and morbidity.
A secondary analysis of two studies in Ecuador was undertaken to determine the prevalence of vitamin D deficiency and the effect of vitamin D status on growth (height-for-age (HAZ) and weight-for-age (WAZ) z-scores) (n=516) and illness duration in children hospitalized for severe pneumonia (n=348). Serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) concentrations of children who participated in a community-based trial (ages 6-36 months) and hospital-based trial (ages 2-59 months) were determined at baseline.
Overall, 18.6% of children had serum 25(OH)D levels <17 ng/ml (n=516), 62.2% were stunted (HAZ≤-2), and 65.5% were underweight (WAZ≤-1). Children with 25(OH)D concentrations <17 ng/ml had a higher risk of stunting (HAZ≤-2) than those with concentrations ≥17 ng/ml (ORadj: 2.8; 95%CI: 1.6, 4.7) in logistic regression models. Underweight (WAZ≤-1) children were twice as likely to have 25(OH)D concentrations <17 ng/ml than normal weight children (WAZ>-1) (ORadj: 2.0; 95%CI: 1.2,3.3).
Vitamin D deficiency (≤20 ng/ml) did not affect pneumonia duration among hospitalized children in Cox proportional hazard models (HRadj: 1.2; 95% CI: 0.93,1.5). Younger children (2-12 months), underweight children (WAZ≤-2), and children with higher respiratory rates had a longer duration of illness (HRadj: 0.61; 95% CI: 0.43,0.86; HRadj: 0.78; 95% CI: 0.59,1.0; HRadj: 0.97; 95% CI: 0.96,0.99, respectively).
Underweight Ecuadorian children are at increased risk for lower serum 25(OH)D concentrations. Low vitamin D status is associated with stunting among undernourished children but not with the duration of pneumonia illness. This indicates that vitamin D may be a modifiable risk factor for stunting, which, if validated in further research, can potentially impart beneficial effects on growth among stunted children in resource limited settings.<br>2020-06-30T00:00:00Z
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Hagan, Elsina E. "Vitamin D Levels and Risk of Dyslipidemia among Us Children with Diabetes and Obesity." 2011. https://scholarworks.umass.edu/theses/611.
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Dyslipidemia is increasing among U.S. children, and the prevalence is highest among children with diabetes and obesity. Recently, vitamin D deficiency has been suggested as a possible dietary risk factor for dyslipidemia. Despite the high prevalence of vitamin D deficiency amongst children, virtually no studies have evaluated the association between vitamin D and dyslipidemia among children. We evaluated the vitamin D and dyslipidemia relationship among 240 children and adolescents aged 2 through 21 years who were outpatients of a pediatric endocrinology unit at a large tertiary care facility in Western Massachusetts from April 2008 to April 2010. Eligible children were those with either obesity and/or type 1 or 2 diabetes mellitus. A total of 17.4% of children had severe (<15.0 ng/ml) vitamin D deficiency, 19.2% had moderate (15.0-19.9 ng/ml) deficiency, 36.3% were insufficient (20.0-29.9 ng/ml), and 27.1% had normal (≥30.0 ng/ml) levels. A total of 28.8% of children had high total cholesterol (TC ≥180 mg/dL), 19.6% had high triglycerides (TG; <10years: ≥110 mg/dL, ≥10years: ≥130 mg/dL), 21.3% had low high density lipoprotein (HDL <40 mg/dL), and 6.7% had high low density lipoprotein (LDL ≥130 mg/dL). Moderate vitamin D deficiency was associated with increased risk of high TC (adjusted odds ratio [OR adj] = 2.9, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.0, 8.8) compared to children with normal vitamin D levels. Severe vitamin D deficiency was associated with an increased risk of low HDL (OR adj = 3.5, 95% CI: 1.0-12.3) and high TG (OR adj = 11.7, 95% CI: 1.9, 70.3) compared to children with normal vitamin D levels. Children with moderate vitamin D deficiency had approximately 3-fold increased risk of high TC compared to children with normal vitamin D levels. In comparison to children with normal vitamin D levels, severe vitamin D deficiency was associated with a strong and significant increased risk of low HDL and high TG; with a significant dose-response relationship. Additionally, in linear regression analyses, we found that an increase in vitamin D deficiency was associated with a significant mean increase in all four measures of dyslipidemia. Vitamin D adequacy may reduce the risk of dyslipidemia in children.
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Sumarno, Iman. "The impact of vitamin A supplementation on the incidence of severe diarrhea and ARI in children in Nepal a dissertation submitted in partial fulfillment ... for the degree of Doctor of Public Health (International Health) ... /." 1994. http://books.google.com/books?id=IyooAAAAMAAJ.
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Chamberlain, Jonviea. "Seasonal Variation of Suicide Rates within Alaska: Associations of Age and Sex." 2013. https://scholarworks.umass.edu/theses/1026.
Full textAbstract:
Background: Suicide rates among Alaska Natives in rural Alaska are almost 16 times higher than the national average. Some studies in northern latitudes have shown seasonal variation among suicide rates, with differences in patterns by age and sex, reasons for this variation and contributing factors are unclear. We modeled our hypotheses based on the assumption that vitamin D deficiency influences seasonal variation of suicide. We assessed the relationship between age, sex and seasonal variation of suicidal behavior in a rural region of Alaska. Methods: We utilized data from 804 individuals who exhibited lethal and nonlethal suicidal behavior (1990-2009). Information on age, sex, and potential contributing factors were recorded via a case report. We used multivariable logistic regression to identify the association between age, sex, and seasonality of suicide. Results: Among women, we observed a significant 41% increase in odds during season two compared to season one (OR=1.41, CI=1.06, 1.90); women had a significant 48% increase in odds during season two using data collected between 2002-2009 (OR=1.48, CI=1.04, 2.11). We did not observe any significant findings of seasonality with respects to age. The observed seasonal variation of suicide did not support vitamin D deficiency as an underlying cause, as increased incidence of suicide continued into the summer months when vitamin D deficiency would be less prevalent. Conclusion: We observed evidence of seasonal variation of suicidal acts by sex. Future studies of physiologic mechanisms influencing seasonality of suicide are important to target those at highest risk throughout the year.
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Gray, Brianna. "Vitamin D and TNF-alpha Effects on Adipogenesis and Inflammation in Human Adipocytes." 2011. https://scholarworks.umass.edu/theses/683.
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Obesity accounts for $168 billion in annual medical expenses and increases the risk of cardiovascular disease, cancer, and type-2 diabetes, three diseases responsible for over 50% of deaths in the United States. It is well established that the pattern of adiposity is an important factor in the relationship with disease risk and that visceral adiposity, which favors hypertrophy (characterized by enlarged cells) is more dangerous than subcutaneous adiposity, which tends to be hyperplastic (characterized by an increase in cell number). Hypertrophy is associated with inflammation and insulin resistance, and hyperplasia (adipogenesis, i.e., the formation of new adipocytes), is associated with improved insulin sensitivity. Tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) is a potent pro-inflammatory cytokine that activates a nuclear factor-kappa B (NFKB) intracellular pathway that is an important mediator of obesity-associated insulin resistance and increased risk of type-2 diabetes. Interestingly, obesity has been positively associated with both low vitamin D status and elevated levels of TNF-alpha. Our studies focused on examining the influence of the active vitamin D hormone, 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D, and TNF-alpha on adipogenesis and inflammation in human primary adipocytes and determining whether the balance of these two factors influences the extent to which adipocytes accumulate lipid or express pro-inflammatory cytokines. We found no effect of 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D on adipogenesis or pro-adipogenic gene expression despite a clear upregulation of a vitamin D responsive gene, 24-hydroxylase, in response to treatment with 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D. TNF-alpha clearly inhibited adipogenesis and expression of PPAR-gamma and C/EBP-alpha and enhanced expression of the pro-inflammatory cytokines IL-6 and MCP-1, but not IL-8. There was a trend towards a dose-dependent downregulation of MCP-1 by 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D in three individuals; however, this effect was not statistically significant. While we found no interaction between TNF-alpha and 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D on adipogenesis, there is a potential anti-inflammatory action of 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D in human primary adipocytes. Future studies into this potential are warranted in light of the growing obesity epidemic and the interest in finding nutritionally modifiable treatment or prevention strategies to mitigate the negative consequences of obesity.
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Pauga, Melanie. "The effect of consuming farmed salmon compared to salmon oil capsules on long chain omega 3 fatty acid and selenium status in humans : a thesis presented in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Masters of Science in Human Nutrition, Institute of Food, Nutrition and Human Health at Massey University, Auckland, New Zealand." 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10179/1230.
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Salmon is a good source of long chain (LC) omega 3 fatty acids and selenium; these are well recognised for their health benefits. Recommendations for LC omega 3 fatty acid intakes presume equivalence between fish and fish oil. The aim of this research was to compare the effects of consuming salmon with salmon oil capsules on LC omega 3 fatty acid and selenium status. Forty four healthy subjects were randomly assigned to consume either two servings of 120 g farmed New Zealand King (FNZK) salmon/week or 2, 4 or 6 capsules of salmon oil/day for 8 weeks. Fasting blood samples, anthropometric measures, food consumption habits information and blood pressure (BP) measurements were obtained at the study commencement and ending. Each subject’s intake of LC omega 3 fatty acids and selenium was determined by analysing the fatty acid and selenium content of duplicate portions of cooked salmon and capsules. The amount of salmon consumed was then calculated by subtracting unconsumed amounts of salmon and then calculating the intake of LC omega 3 fatty acids as grams of LC omega 3 fatty acids consumed per day. Percentage of compliance to capsule intake, based on counts of unconsumed capsules, was calculated to determine the amount of LC omega 3 fatty acids consumed per day from capsules. Change in red blood cells (RBC) LC omega 3 fatty acid levels from equivalent amounts of LC omega 3 fatty acids consumed from capsules and salmon were compared using linear regression analysis predictive models fitted to the capsule data. Omega 3 index was calculated. LC omega 3 fatty acid intakes from salmon and 2, 4 and 6 capsules were 0.82, 0.24, 0.47 and 0.68 g/day, respectively. Equal amounts of LC omega 3 fatty acids consumed from salmon and capsules resulted in similar increases in RBC LC omega 3 fatty acids and omega 3 index (RBC eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA): 0.80 [0.58 – 1.02] vs. 1.00 [0.71 – 1.27] %; RBC docosahexaenoic acid (DHA): 0.93 [0.58 – 1.29] vs. 0.99 [0.68 – 1.31] %; omega 3 index: 1.92 [1.46 – 2.38] vs. 2.25 [1.65 – 2.83] %). The capsules did not contain selenium, but the salmon provided 6.84 µg selenium/day. Plasma selenium concentrations increased significantly in the salmon group compared to the capsule