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Johnson, Lesley J., Susan L. Meacham, and Laura J. Kruskall. "The Antioxidants-Vitamin C, Vitamin E, Selenium, and Carotenoids." Journal of Agromedicine 9, no. 1 (2003): 65–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1300/j096v09n01_07.
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Lachili, Brahim, Henri Faure, Josiane Arnaud, et al. "Blood Micronutrients in Algeria, Relationships with Sex and Age." International Journal for Vitamin and Nutrition Research 71, no. 2 (2001): 111–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1024/0300-9831.71.2.111.
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Despite trace elements and vitamins are major public health problems in some African countries, there are few studies reporting micronutrient status in North Africa. Therefore, it could be interesting to evaluate plasma concentrations of vitamin A, E and beta-carotene, along with zinc, copper, selenium erythrocyte glutathione peroxidase and superoxide dismutase in Algeria. Volunteers were randomly recruited in Constantine, Batna and Mila. Vitamins, trace elements and enzymes were measured in the University Hospital of Grenoble. 455 persons were included in the study. Subjects were divided in 3 groups: group I: 15 girls and 12 boys who were 6 to 12.9 years old, group II: 190 women and 192 men 13 to 49.9 years old, group III: 24 women and 24 men 50 to 65 years old. Plasma concentrations of micronutrients and enzymes are close to those commonly observed in Europe, except for vitamin A concentrations. Indeed, retinol levels are 30–35% lower than those reported in European countries, moreover almost 8% of the population showed retinol concentrations less than 1.05 mumol/l. Beta-Carotene levels were also lower than in the French average population. Ten per cent of the population had plasma zinc levels lower than 10.6 mumol/l. Vitamin E, copper and selenium status seems satisfactory in Algeria. Vitamin A is not a public health problem, however a significant percentage of residents exhibits impaired vitamin A levels and may benefit from retinol supplementation. Larger studies are needed, and particularly in children, to detect possible higher prevalence of vitamin A deficiency in poor socio-economical classes and in inner geographic areas.
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Zaikina, Inna V., Nataliya E. Komleva, and Anatoly N. Mikerov. "The role of vitamin D, zinc and selenium in the development of noncommunicable diseases (literature review)." Hygiene and sanitation 100, no. 7 (2021): 730–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.47470/0016-9900-2021-100-7-730-735.
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A healthy diet is a factor in maintaining and improving health, helping to reduce the risk of developing alimentary-dependent diseases. The article presents the causes of malnutrition, data on the actual deficiency of vitamins and minerals in the population of the Russian Federation. Insufficient content of essential micronutrients in the diet is accompanied by a decrease in the body’s adaptive capabilities, contributing to an increase in the risk of developing non-infectious diseases. The article provides information on the role of chronic low-level inflammation and oxidative stress in the development of noncommunicable diseases. Significant contributors are vitamin D, zinc and selenium, and their deficiencies are widespread. Scientific evidence supports the role of vitamin D, zinc, selenium in the development of non-infectious diseases. The review discusses the role of vitamin D in the development of cardiovascular disorders, discusses the dependence on iron and zinc, which has clinical diagnostic and therapeutic value in anaemia and associated pathological conditions. In addition, the article discusses selenium and zinc deficiencies with the risk of the coronary syndrome, stroke, cardiovascular disease and mortality from them. Despite conflicting data on the effectiveness of oral micronutrient supplementation to prevent and treat chronic noncommunicable diseases, healthcare providers should be informed about the consequences of micronutrient deficiencies and identify micronutrient deficiencies correct them. This is important in treatment and prevention activities for people at risk, especially in endemic disadvantaged regions. The literature search was carried out in the databases PubMed, CyberLeninka, e-library.
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SILVA NETO, Luiz Gonzaga Ribeiro, Marilene Brandão TENÓRIO, Raphaela Costa FERREIRA, and Alane Cabral Menezes de OLIVEIRA. "Intake of antioxidants nutrients by pregnant womem: Associated factors." Revista de Nutrição 31, no. 4 (2018): 353–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/1678-98652018000400001.
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ABSTRACT Objective To evaluate the intake of antioxidant nutrients by pregnant women being cared for in the Brazilian public health system and associated factors. Methods A cross-sectional study was carried out with pregnant women cared for in the public health system in the city of Maceió, Brazil, in 2014, including 385 pregnant women and their newborns, and the collection of maternal information (socioeconomic, personal, prenatal, dietary and anthropometric data), and after the babies’ birth (gestational age, birth weight and length). Food intake was assessed by two 24-hour dietary reminders per pregnant woman with subsequent adjustments by the Estimated Average Requirement method. Data were processed and Pearson’s correlation was used to evaluate associations, considering p<0.05 as significant. Results A total of 388 pregnant women with a mean age of 24.06±5.92 years were studied, with inadequate intake and high variation of the following antioxidants: vitamin A (83.2%/62.7%), vitamin C (50.5%/75.7%), vitamin E (76.5%/60.2%), Selenium (60.8%/50.3%), Copper (98.5%/42.8%) and Zinc (79.6%/43.4%), respectively. Additionally, the following associations were observed: the intake of vitamin A (p=0.02), Copper (p=0.01), and Selenium (p=0.01) with the maternal Body Mass Index; the intake of vitamin A (0.04) and Selenium (p=0.02) with the birth weight; and between vitamin A (p=0.04) with the birth length. Conclusion The low intake of antioxidant nutrients by pregnant women is a reality, being associated to the maternal Body Mass Index and the birth weight and length of the newborn.
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Kuhnlein, Harriet V., Olivier Receveur, Rula Soueida, and Peter R. Berti. "Unique patterns of dietary adequacy in three cultures of Canadian Arctic indigenous peoples." Public Health Nutrition 11, no. 4 (2008): 349–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1368980007000353.
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AbstractBackgroundInformation is needed on dietary adequacy of Arctic indigenous populations in Canada. Extensive work has been completed on composition of Arctic food and food use, and dietary reference intakes are available.ObjectiveTo complete the first comprehensive dietary adequacy assessment of three populations of adult Arctic indigenous people.Setting and subjectsDietary assessment interviews were conducted with randomly selected indigenous adults during two seasons in 44 representative communities of Yukon First Nations (n= 797), Dene/Métis, (n= 1007) and Inuit (n= 1525).MethodsTwenty-four-hour recalls were used to derive adjusted distributions of usual nutrient intakes in four age/gender groups for assessment of dietary adequacy for carbohydrate, dietary fibre, protein,n–3 fatty acids,n–6 fatty acids, calcium, copper, iron, magnesium, manganese, phosphorus, selenium, zinc, vitamin A, riboflavin, folate, vitamin B6, vitamin C, vitamin D and vitamin E.ResultsNutrients with high prevalence of adequacy for most age/gender groups in all three cultures were protein, carbohydrate,n–3 fatty acids, iron, copper, zinc, manganese, selenium, riboflavin and vitamin B6; some individuals exceeded the upper intake level for iron, zinc, selenium, vitamin A and vitamin D. Estimated average requirement nutrients of concern for adequacy were magnesium, folate, vitamin A, vitamin C and vitamin E; however, a few age/gender groups were exceptions. Prevalence of inadequacy for AI nutrients which may be undesirably high were fibre,n–6 fatty acids and calcium. Vitamin D was more adequate in Inuit women and men than for Yukon First Nations or Dene/Métis.ConclusionsUnique patterns of dietary adequacy exist among Arctic indigenous peoples. Local wildlife food sources and market food sources should be maximised for their nutrient contributions to Arctic diets.
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Malykhina, Aleksandra I., Yuriy I. Yashkov, and Maksim L. Maksimov. "Unsolved issues related to multivitamin and multimineral support for patients following bariatric surgery." Obesity and metabolism 16, no. 4 (2020): 31–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.14341/omet10090.
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In the review article the authors discuss unsolved issues regarding vitamin and mineral support of patients undergoing bariatric/metabolic operations. Many patients refer for the surgery already having deficiencies of macro- and micronutrients and need preoperative preparation for improving of vitamin-mineral status. Vitamin-mineral support is indicated after each bariatric operation, however the volume of nutritive support and the choice and doses of vitamins and minerals can be varied depending on type of surgery. Hypoabsorptive procedures such as duodenal switch or SADI-S (Single anastomosis duodenoileal bypass with sleeve gastrectomy) usually demand more significant protein, calcium and iron supplementations together with administration of multivitamin complexes containing fat-soluble vitamins. Existing standard vitamin-mineral complexes may not contain necessary doses of iron, calcium, fat-soluble and other vitamins as well as some microelements like cooper, zink, selenium etc. Thus, sufficient vitamin-mineral support may need up to 10 tablets or pills daily depending on kind of surgery. That can influence on patients compliance, lead to refusal of supplementations and thus to undesirable metabolic consequences after surgery. The authors have concluded about necessity of working out of cost-effective domestic series of vitamin-mineral combinations with high bio-availability specially adapted to every class of bariatric/metabolic operation. To authors opinion this can lead to better patients compliance and can prevent undesirable side effects after metabolic surgery.
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Ebrahimzadeh-Attari, Vahideh, Ghodratollah Panahi, James R. Hebert, et al. "Nutritional approach for increasing public health during pandemic of COVID-19: A comprehensive review of antiviral nutrients and nutraceuticals." Health Promotion Perspectives 11, no. 2 (2021): 119–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.34172/hpp.2021.17.
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Background: The novel coronavirus (COVID-19) is considered as the most life-threatening pandemic disease during the last decade. The individual nutritional status, though usually ignored in the management of COVID-19, plays a critical role in the immune function and pathogenesis of infection. Accordingly, the present review article aimed to report the effects of nutrients and nutraceuticals on respiratory viral infections including COVID-19, with a focus on their mechanisms of action. Methods: Studies were identified via systematic searches of the databases including PubMed/ MEDLINE, ScienceDirect, Scopus, and Google Scholar from 2000 until April 2020, using keywords. All relevant clinical and experimental studies published in English were included. Results: Protein-energy malnutrition (PEM) is common in severe respiratory infections and should be considered in the management of COVID-19 patients. On the other hand, obesity can be accompanied by decreasing the host immunity. Therefore, increasing physical activity at home and a slight caloric restriction with adequate intake of micronutrients and nutraceuticals are simple aids to boost host immunity and decrease the clinical manifestations of COVID-19. Conclusion: The most important nutrients which can be considered for COVID-19 management are vitamin D, vitamin C, vitamin A, folate, zinc, and probiotics. Their adequacy should be provided through dietary intake or appropriate supplementation. Moreover, adequate intake of some other dietary agents including vitamin E, magnesium, selenium, alpha linolenic acid and phytochemicals are required to maintain the host immunity.
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Thompson, Ian M., Catherine M. Tangen, Eric A. Klein, and Scott M. Lippman. "Phase III Prostate Cancer Prevention Trials: Are the Costs Justified?" Journal of Clinical Oncology 23, no. 32 (2005): 8161–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2005.02.7987.
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One randomized, prospective clinical trial for chemoprevention of prostate cancer has been completed, and two additional trials are ongoing. The investment, time, and effort for these trials are substantial. We reviewed the outcomes of these trials to address the value of the investment. The outcomes of the Prostate Cancer Prevention Trial (testing finasteride) and the design of the Selenium and Vitamin E Cancer Prevention Trial (SELECT; testing vitamin E and selenium) trial as well as the Reduction by Dutasteride of Prostate Cancer Events (REDUCE) trial (testing dutasteride) were reviewed. From a public health standpoint, there is tremendous potential for benefit from large-scale cancer prevention trials. Because of the volume of data that are collected, potential discoveries related to the biology of the disease are substantial. Translational scientific efforts are direct outgrowths of these studies. Prospective, randomized chemoprevention trials for prostate and other cancers are expensive and require long periods of time to conduct, yet the rewards are on a par with the investment.
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Cahill, R. J., K. OʼSullivan, S. Beattie, H. Hamilton, and C. OʼMorain. "Effects of selenium and vitamin C on colonic crypt cell proliferation." European Journal of Cancer Prevention 2, Supplement (1993): 28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00008469-199301001-00064.
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Forrester, Janet E., Katherine L. Tucker, and Sherwood L. Gorbach. "Dietary intake and body mass index in HIV-positive and HIV-negative drug abusers of Hispanic ethnicity." Public Health Nutrition 7, no. 7 (2004): 863–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1079/phn2004617.
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AbstractObjective:Malnutrition in drug abusers has been attributed to poor diet. However, previous studies are conflicting. Many studies have not considered possible concurrent HIV disease. The purpose of this study was to determine the relationship between drug abuse and dietary intake in Hispanic Americans with and without HIV infection.Design:Dietary intake was measured using 3-day food records and 24-hour dietary recalls in three groups: HIV-positive drug abusers, HIV-negative drug abusers and HIV-positive persons who do not use drugs (‘non-drug abusers’).Setting:The baseline data from a prospective cohort study of the role of drug abuse in HIV/AIDS weight loss and malnutrition conducted in Boston, Massachusetts, USA.Subjects:The first 284 participants to enrol in the study.Results:HIV-positive drug abusers had a body mass index (BMI) that was significantly lower than that of HIV-positive non-drug abusers. Reported energy, fat and fibre intakes did not differ between groups. All groups had median reported intakes of vitamin A, vitamin B6, vitamin B12, selenium and zinc that were in excess of the dietary reference values (DRI). Intakes of α-tocopherol were below the DRI, but did not differ from intakes of the general US population. However, increasing levels of drug abuse were associated with lower reported intakes of vitamin B6, vitamin B12, selenium and zinc.Conclusions:Overall, this study does not support the notion that dietary intake can explain the lower BMI of HIV-positive drug abusers. Further studies examining non-dietary determinants of nutritional status in drug abusers are warranted.
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Villegas, R., A. Salim, MM Collins, A. Flynn, and IJ Perry. "Dietary patterns in middle-aged Irish men and women defined by cluster analysis." Public Health Nutrition 7, no. 8 (2004): 1017–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1079/phn2004638.
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AbstractObjectives:To identify and characterise dietary patterns in a middle-aged Irish population sample and study associations between these patterns, sociodemographic and anthropometric variables and major risk factors for cardiovascular disease.Design:A cross-sectional study.Subjects and methods:A group of 1473 men and women were sampled from 17 general practice lists in the South of Ireland. A total of 1018 attended for screening, with a response rate of 69%. Participants completed a detailed health and lifestyle questionnaire and provided a fasting blood sample for glucose, lipids and homocysteine. Dietary intake was assessed using a standard food-frequency questionnaire adapted for use in the Irish population. The food-frequency questionnaire was a modification of that used in the UK arm of the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer study, which was based on that used in the US Nurses' Health Study. Dietary patterns were assessed primarily by K-means cluster analysis, following initial principal components analysis to identify the seeds.Results:Three dietary patterns were identified. These clusters corresponded to a traditional Irish diet, a prudent diet and a diet characterised by high consumption of alcoholic drinks and convenience foods. Cluster 1 (Traditional Diet) had the highest intakes of saturated fat (SFA), monounsaturated fat (MUFA) and percentage of total energy from fat, and the lowest polyunsaturated fat (PUFA) intake and ratio of polyunsaturated to saturated fat (P:S). Cluster 2 (Prudent Diet) was characterised by significantly higher intakes of fibre, PUFA, P:S ratio and antioxidant vitamins (vitamins C and E), and lower intakes of total fat, MUFA, SFA and cholesterol. Cluster 3 (Alcohol & Convenience Foods) had the highest intakes of alcohol, protein, cholesterol, vitamin B12, vitamin B6, folate, iron, phosphorus, selenium and zinc, and the lowest intakes of PUFA, vitamin A and antioxidant vitamins (vitamins C and E). There were significant differences between clusters in gender distribution, smoking status, physical activity, body mass index, waist circumference and serum homocysteine concentrations.Conclusion:In this general population sample, cluster analysis methods yielded two major dietary patterns: prudent and traditional. The prudent dietary pattern is associated with other health-seeking behaviours. Study of dietary patterns will help elucidate links between diet and disease and contribute to the development of healthy eating guidelines for health promotion.
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Amara, Ibtissem Ben, Nejla Soudani, Ahmed Hakim, et al. "Dimethoate-induced oxidative damage in erythrocytes of female adult rats." Toxicology and Industrial Health 28, no. 3 (2011): 222–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0748233711410909.
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Pesticide hazards have been accentuated by the sharp rise in their agricultural, industrial and domestic use. Acute exposure to pesticides can cause oxidative damage. Our study investigated the potential ability of selenium (Se) and/or vitamin E, used as nutritional supplements, to alleviate erythrocyte oxidative damage induced by dimethoate (DM), an organophosphate pesticide. Female Wistar rats were exposed to DM (0.2g/L−1 of drinking water), DM + Se (0.5 mg/kg of diet), DM + vitamin E (100 mg/kg of diet), or DM + Se + vitamin E. Rats exposed to DM for 30 days showed an increase in malondialdehyde levels, superoxide dismutase and glutathione peroxidase activities in their erythocytes, while Na+,K+-ATPase and catalase activities, glutathione, non-protein thiol, vitamin E and vitamin C levels decreased. We also noted an increase in lactate dehydrogenase activity, marker of haemolysis and a decrease in acetylcholinesterase, the principal mode of organophosphorus action. Co-administration of Se or vitamin E to the diet of DM-treated rats ameliorated the biochemical parameters cited above. But the combined effect of Se and vitamin E was more powerful in antagonizing DM-induced oxidative stress. Therefore, our investigation revealed that both Se and vitamin E were useful elements in preventing DM-induced erythrocytes damage.
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Karabulut-Bulan, Omur, Sehnaz Bolkent, Refiye Yanardag, and Bahar Bilgin-Sokmen. "The Role of Vitamin C, Vitamin E, and Selenium on Cadmium-Induced Renal Toxicity of Rats." Drug and Chemical Toxicology 31, no. 4 (2008): 413–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/01480540802383200.
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Agarwal, Sanjiv, and Victor L. Fulgoni. "Intake of Potatoes Is Associated with Higher Diet Quality, and Improved Nutrient Intake and Adequacy among US Adolescents: NHANES 2001–2018 Analysis." Nutrients 13, no. 8 (2021): 2614. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu13082614.
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Potatoes are nutrient rich white vegetables, however, research on their impact on public health is limited. The objective of this study was to provide updated evaluation of the cross-sectional association between potato consumption and diet quality, nutrient intake and adequacy. Twenty-four hour diet recall data from adolescents (n = 16,633; age 9–18 years) were used to assess intakes. Usual intakes of nutrients were determined using the National Cancer Institute method and diet quality was calculated using the Healthy Eating Index-2015 (HEI-2015) after adjusting for demographic factors. Consumers of potatoes (baked or boiled potatoes, mashed potatoes and potato mixtures, fried potatoes, and potato chips) had higher (p < 0.05) HEI-2015 total score and subcomponent scores for total vegetables, total protein foods, and refined grain than non-consumers. Consumers also had higher (p < 0.05) intake of energy, dietary fiber, protein, copper, magnesium, phosphorus, potassium, selenium, sodium, zinc, niacin, vitamin B6, vitamin C, vitamin K and total choline; and higher (p < 0.05) adequacy for protein, copper, magnesium, phosphorus, potassium, zinc, thiamine, niacin, vitamin B6, vitamin C, and vitamin K than non-consumers. In conclusion, adolescent potato consumption was associated with higher diet quality, nutrient intake, and adequacy and therefore encouraging their consumption may be an effective strategy for improving nutritional status.
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Vilms, Elena A., D. V. Turchaninov, O. A. Pasechnik, et al. "FEATURES OF THE MICRONUTRIENT COMPOSITION OF THE DIET IN TUBERCULOSIS PATIENTS AFFECTING." Hygiene and sanitation 98, no. 12 (2019): 1420–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.18821/0016-9900-2019-98-12-1420-1424.
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Introduction. The status of polyhypovitaminosis accompanying tuberculosis infection being widespread develops both as a result of the disease and side effects of drugs, and because of insufficient food intake. The purpose of the study is to evaluate the micronutrient composition of the diet of tuberculosis patients in the acute stage and healthy people in a comparative aspect. Material and Methods. The method of analyzing the frequency of food consumption assessed the actual nutrition of tuberculosis patients in the acute stage (n = 300) and healthy residents of the region (n = 189). Data on the actual nutrition was collected using a standard questionnaire. In tuberculosis patients, nutrition was evaluated in the month preceding hospitalization. The consumption in the main product groups was calculated, the indices of the vitamin and mineral value of the diet were analyzed. Results. In most patients, the profile of actual consumption was assessed as deficient for several vitamins and trace elements simultaneously. All the examined showed a deficiency in the diet of vitamin D, 80.7 ± 2.3% - vitamin A, 82.0 ± 2.2% - beta-carotene, 90.3 ± 1.7% - folic acid, 63, 7 ± 2.8% of biotin, 45.7 ± 2.8% of ascorbic acid, 49.0 ± 2.8% of vitamin B1, 53.3 ± 2.8% of vitamin PP. Calcium, iodine and selenium are also among the priority ones for the correction of micro- and macro-elements. Differences in the values of actual micronutrient intake were found: in patients with tuberculosis, the levels of beta-carotene, vitamins B2, pantothenic acid, C, D, biotin, choline, calcium, phosphorus are lower; above - consumption of sodium, fluorine, manganese. Differences in micronutrient ration security are determined by unequal amounts of food groups consumed: the nutrition of tuberculosis patients is lower in terms of the content of fruits, dairy, meat products, eggs, and more bread products and drinks. Conclusion. The features of the micronutrient composition of the diet of tuberculosis patients, which determine the need for their correction in the organization of medical nutrition, are established.
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Al‐Saleh, Iman, Inaam El‐Doush, Grisellhi Billedo, Abdulrahman Bin Muammer, Gamal El‐Din Mohamed, and Gamal Yosef. "Selenium and vitamin status in the Al‐Kharj district, Saudi Arabia." Journal of Nutritional & Environmental Medicine 15, no. 4 (2005): 190–211. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/13590840600761587.
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Saiwal, Nidhi, Mandeep Dahiya, and Harish Dureja. "Nutraceutical Insight into Vegetables and their Potential for Nutrition Mediated Healthcare." Current Nutrition & Food Science 15, no. 5 (2019): 441–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1573401314666180115151107.
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Background: The connection between food and good health is not a new concept. Vegetables are being used as a source of nutrition since long. Dietary active components are essential for the normal functioning of the human body. Methods: The study basically involves all the three categories of research methodologies, including analytic, descriptive and historical. It involves secondary data from scientific reports, books, and journals. Results: Vegetables can be considered as nutraceuticals since they supply bioactive compounds effective in decreasing the risk of many diseases. Vegetables are considered to be protective foods since they contain low calories and higher vitamins and minerals. Vegetables are potentially suitable against civilization diseases, which are caused by the lack of nutrients such as omega-3 fatty acids, antioxidants (vitamin E, vitamin C, β-carotene, selenium, zinc, cryptoxanthin, lycopene etc), and other micronutrients. Conclusion: The presence of bioactive compounds like phytochemicals offers nutraceutical values to vegetables. Nutraceutical rich vegetables have been established to have a role in gastrointestinal disorders, cardiovascular diseases, cancer, diabetes and other diseases. Vegetables and fruits not only have the potential to stop the growth of disease but also can cure many diseases and boost the immune system.
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Riccioni, G., N. D'Orazio, V. Menna, and A. De Lorenzo. "Fat Soluble Vitamins and Immune System: An Overview." European Journal of Inflammation 1, no. 2 (2003): 59–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1721727x0300100202.
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The immune system guards against invasion by foreign microrganisms and molecules. In this way, it protects from fatal illnesses and communicable diseases. Its proper functioning is fundamental for survival. Research has demonstrated that proper nutrition plays a crucial role in the prevention of chronic disease. Protein-energy malnutrition is associated with a significant impairment of cell-mediated immunity, phagocyte function, the complement system, secretory immunoglobulin A antibody concentrations, and cytokine production. Deficiency of single nutrients also results in altered immune responses; this is observed even when the deficiency state is relatively mild. Of the micronutrients, zinc, selenium, iron, copper, vitamins A,C,E and B, and folic acid have important influences on the immune response. It is now apparent that vitamin E and β-carotene have more subtle roles and that deficient dietary intake of these vitamins increases susceptibility to certain cancers and cardiovascular disease. This reflects, in part, the antioxidant properties of the vitamins and their ability to reduce free radical-mediated damage to DNA, proteins and lipid membranes. These findings have considerable practical and public health significance. The aim of this review is to give an up-to date account of the roles of selected fat-soluble vitamins in health and disease.
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Black, Robert E. "Micronutrients in pregnancy." British Journal of Nutrition 85, S2 (2001): S193—S197. http://dx.doi.org/10.1079/bjn2000314.
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Vitamins and minerals, referred to collectively as micronutrients, have important influences on the health of pregnant women and the growing fetus. Iron deficiency results in anemia which may increase the risk of death from hemorrhage during delivery, but its effects on fetal development and birth outcomes is still unclear. Folic acid deficiency can lead to hematological consequences, pregnancy complications and congenital malformations, but again the association with other birth outcomes is equivocal. Zinc deficiency has been associated in some, but not all studies with complications of pregnancy and delivery, as well as with growth retardation, congenital abnormalities and retarded neurobehavioral and immunological development in the fetus. Iodine deficiency during pregnancy results in cretinism and possible fetal wastage and preterm delivery. Deficiency of other minerals such as magnesium, selenium, copper, and calcium have also been associated with complications of pregnancy, childbirth or fetal development. Deficiencies of vitamins other than folate may likewise be related to such complications; and vitamin A or β-carotene supplements in pregnancy reduced maternal mortality by 50 % in a controlled trial in Nepal. Additional research is need on the prevalence of such deficiencies and their consequences and on cost-effective public health interventions for their control.
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Jayachandran, Jayakrishnan, and Stephen J. Freedland. "Prevention of Prostate Cancer: What We Know and Where We Are Going." American Journal of Men's Health 2, no. 2 (2008): 178–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1557988307313918.
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As one of the most prevalent cancers, prostate cancer has enormous public health importance and its prevention seems to be a rational approach to attenuate the economic, emotional, physical, and social impact of this disease. This review discusses some of the options available to clinicians worldwide under the broad headings of chemoprevention and dietary modification including lifestyle issues. From the review of available literature, it is appreciated that although many exciting options such as androgen inhibitors, vitamin E, and selenium are being actively considered, they are far from being included in clinical practice. So until large randomized trials confirm the benefit of chemopreventives and dietary modifications, patients may be advised to pursue a diet and lifestyle that ensures overall fitness.
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Louzada, Maria Laura da Costa, Ana Paula Bortoletto Martins, Daniela Silva Canella, et al. "Impact of ultra-processed foods on micronutrient content in the Brazilian diet." Revista de Saúde Pública 49 (2015): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0034-8910.2015049006211.
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OBJECTIVE To evaluate the impact of consuming ultra-processed foods on the micronutrient content of the Brazilian population’s diet. METHODS This cross-sectional study was performed using data on individual food consumption from a module of the 2008-2009 Brazilian Household Budget Survey. A representative sample of the Brazilian population aged 10 years or over was assessed (n = 32,898). Food consumption data were collected through two 24-hour food records. Linear regression models were used to assess the association between the nutrient content of the diet and the quintiles of ultra-processed food consumption – crude and adjusted for family income per capita. RESULTS Mean daily energy intake per capita was 1,866 kcal, with 69.5% coming from natural or minimally processed foods, 9.0% from processed foods and 21.5% from ultra-processed foods. For sixteen out of the seventeen evaluated micronutrients, their content was lower in the fraction of the diet composed of ultra-processed foods compared with the fraction of the diet composed of natural or minimally processed foods. The content of 10 micronutrients in ultra-processed foods did not reach half the content level observed in the natural or minimally processed foods. The higher consumption of ultra-processed foods was inversely and significantly associated with the content of vitamins B12, vitamin D, vitamin E, niacin, pyridoxine, copper, iron, phosphorus, magnesium, selenium and zinc. The reverse situation was only observed for calcium, thiamin and riboflavin. CONCLUSIONS The findings of this study highlight that reducing the consumption of ultra-processed foods is a natural way to promote healthy eating in Brazil and, therefore, is in line with the recommendations made by the Guia Alimentar para a População Brasileira (Dietary Guidelines for the Brazilian Population) to avoid these foods.
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Garcia, V., RJ Rona, and S. Chinn. "Effect of the choice of food composition table on nutrient estimates: a comparison between the British and American (Chilean) tables." Public Health Nutrition 7, no. 4 (2004): 577–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1079/phn2003555.
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AbstractObjective:To determine the level of agreement between the American (Chilean) and British food composition tables in estimating intakes of macronutrients and antioxidants.Design, setting and subjects: Information based on a food-frequency questionnaire with emphasis on antioxidants was collected from 95 Chileans aged 24–28 years. Nutritional composition was analysed using the British table of food composition and the American table of food composition modified by Chilean food items. Mean differences and limits of agreement (LOAs) of estimated intake were assessed.Results:Mean differences between the two tables of food composition ranged from 5.3% to 8.9% higher estimates when using the American (Chilean) table for macronutrients. For micronutrients, a bias towards a higher mean was observed for vitamin E, iron and magnesium when the American (Chilean) table was used, but the opposite was observed for vitamin A and selenium. The intra-class correlation coefficient (ICC) ranged from 0.86 (95% confidence interval (CI) 0.81–0.91) to 0.998 (95% CI 0.995–1.00), indicating high to excellent agreement. LOAs for macronutrients and vitamins A and C were satisfactory, as they were sufficiently narrow. There was more uncertainty for other micronutrients.Conclusion:The American table gives relative overestimates of macronutrients in comparison to the British table, but the relative biases for micronutrients are inconsistent. Estimates of agreement between the two food composition tables provide reassurance that results are interchangeable for the majority of nutrients.
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Aksoy, Asude, Aziz Karaoglu, Nusret Akpolat, Mustafa Naziroglu, Turkan Ozturk, and Zuhal Karaca Karagoz. "Protective Role of Selenium and High Dose Vitamin E against Cisplatin - Induced Nephrotoxicty in Rats." Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention 16, no. 16 (2015): 6877–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.7314/apjcp.2015.16.16.6877.
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Ghodbane, Soumaya, Salem Amara, Josiane Arnaud та ін. "Effect of selenium pre-treatment on plasma antioxidant vitamins A (retinol) and E (α-tocopherol) in static magnetic field-exposed rats". Toxicology and Industrial Health 27, № 10 (2011): 949–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0748233711401261.
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In the present study, we evaluate the effect of the co-exposure to static magnetic field (SMF) and selenium (Se) on the antioxidant vitamins A and E levels and some other parameters of oxidative stress in rat. Sub-acute exposure of male adult rats to a uniform SMF (128 mT, 1 h/day during 5 consecutive days) increased plasma activity of glutathione peroxidase (+35%) but decreased α-tocopherol (−67%) and retinol levels (−41%). SMF exposure failed to alter the plasmatic thiobarbituric acid-reactive species (TBARs), total thiol groups and selenium concentrations. Sub-chronic administration of Se (Na2SeO3, 0.2 mg/L, for 30 consecutive days, per os) ameliorated the antioxidant capacities in SMF-treated rats. Our investigation demonstrated that sub-acute exposure to SMF induced oxidative stress, which may be prevented by a pretreatment with selenium.
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Wallace, Cindy L., Ronald Ross Watson, and Anita Ann Watson. "Reducing Cancer Risk with Vitamins C, E, and Selenium." American Journal of Health Promotion 3, no. 1 (1988): 5–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.4278/0890-1171-3.1.5.
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Current research has provided evidence that nearly 90 percent of all cancers may be related to diet, environment, and lifestyle. Of this number, 30 to 40 percent of cancers in men and up to 60 percent of cancers in women may be related to diet and nutrition. The two-stage process in the formation of many cancers, defined as initiation and promotion, is influenced by many dietary components. Vitamins C, E, and the mineral selenium are nutrients that function as antioxidants, reducing potential cancer-causing chemicals in the body. These natural anticarcinogens are thought to alter the cancer process and are currently under study for their cancer prevention properties. The functions, Recommended Dietary Allowances, food sources, research evidence for cancer prevention, and recommendations for supplementation are presented for these three nutrients. Research suggests that the proper and prudent use of nutrients, along with a healthy diet and lifestyle, may offer protection against this devastating disease.
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Djeffal, Assia, Mahfoud Messarah, Amel Boumendjel, Lilia Kadeche, and Abdelfattah El Feki. "Protective effects of vitamin C and selenium supplementation on methomyl-induced tissue oxidative stress in adult rats." Toxicology and Industrial Health 31, no. 1 (2012): 31–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0748233712468020.
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Ben Amara, Ibtissem, Nejla Soudani, Afef Troudi, Hanen Bouaziz, Tahia Boudawara, and Najiba Zeghal. "Antioxidant effect of vitamin E and selenium on hepatotoxicity induced by dimethoate in female adult rats." Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety 74, no. 4 (2011): 811–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ecoenv.2010.11.007.
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Sziklai-László, I., D. Majchrzak, I. Elmadfa, and M. Á. Cser. "Selenium and vitamin E concentrations in human milk and formula milk from Hungary." Journal of Radioanalytical and Nuclear Chemistry 279, no. 2 (2008): 585–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10967-008-7311-7.
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., Eliza, Sri Anna Marliyati, Rimbawan ., and Adi Teruna Effendi. "Association Between Nutritional Status, Antioxidant Intake (Vitamin C, Vitamin E, Selenium), Fiber Intake and Physical Activity with Blood Lipid Profile in Coronary Heart Disease." Pakistan Journal of Nutrition 15, no. 5 (2016): 492–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.3923/pjn.2016.492.498.
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Pietinen, Pirjo, Satu Männistö, Liisa M. Valsta, and Sirpa Sarlio-Lähteenkorva. "Nutrition policy in Finland." Public Health Nutrition 13, no. 6A (2010): 901–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1368980010001072.
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AbstractThe present study describes the main actions in Finnish nutrition policy during the past decades. The main actor is the National Nutrition Council, which provides nutritional recommendations and action programmes, and sets up expert groups to solve nutritional problems in the population. The main fortification programmes have been the iodization of table salt, supplementation of selenium to fertilizers and the vitamin D fortification programme. As an example of national legislation, labelling the salt content of foods is described. Finnish nutrition policy is based on a good monitoring system of nutrition and risk factors of chronic diseases, as well as active epidemiological research. However, the authorities have not often taken proposed fiscal measures seriously but have instead considered agricultural and economic policies more important than health policy.
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Saiz Sanchez, A. C., I. Frasquet Pons, F. J. Gimenez Fernandez, C. Cortes Vizcaino, J. L. Alfonso Sanchez, and A. Catalayud Sarthou. "Study of the association of selenium and vitamin E with female cancer mortality in Spain (1968–86)." European Journal of Cancer Prevention 1 (October 1991): 21–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00008469-199110001-00034.
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Huang, Jiaqi, Stephanie Weinstein, Wendy Mack, Howard Hodis, and Demetrius Albanes. "Serum Metabolomic Response to Low and High Dose Vitamin E Supplementation in Two Randomized Controlled Trials." Current Developments in Nutrition 4, Supplement_2 (2020): 1810. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/cdn/nzaa067_037.
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Abstract Objectives Vitamin E is an essential micronutrient and critical human antioxidant that has been tested for cancer and cardiovascular preventative effects for decades with conflicting results. For example, prostate cancer incidence was reduced by a low-dose vitamin E supplement in the Alpha-Tocopherol, Beta-Carotene Cancer Prevention (ATBC) Study, but the findings were not replicated by high-dose vitamin E trials such as the Selenium and Vitamin E Cancer Prevention Trial (SELECT). The present investigation examined the serum metabolomic responses to low- and high-dose vitamin E supplementation in order to gain biological insight into the divergent trial outcomes. Methods We examined baseline and on-study serum samples for 154 men randomly assigned to receive 400 IU vitamin E (as alpha-tocopheryl acetate; ATA) or placebo daily in the Vitamin E Atherosclerosis Prevention Study (VEAPS), and 100 men administered 50 IU ATA or placebo daily in the ATBC Study. Over 970 known metabolites were identified using an ultrahigh-performance LC-MS/MS platform. Linear regression models estimated the change in serum metabolites of men supplemented with vitamin E to those assigned to placebo in VEAPS compared with ATBC. Results Serum alpha-carboxyethyl hydrochroman (CEHC) sulfate, alpha-tocopherol, and beta-/gamma-tocopherol were significantly altered by supplementation with ATA in both the VEAPS and ATBC trials (all P-values ≤ 5.1 × 10−5, the Bonferroni multiple-comparisons corrected statistical threshold). Serum C22 lactone sulfate was also significantly decreased in response to the high-dose vitamin E supplement in VEAPS (β = −0.70, P-value = 8.1 × 10−6), but not altered in the low-dose ATBC trial (β = −0.17, P-value = 0.4). Additionally, changes in several androgenic steroid metabolites were strongly related to the vitamin E supplement-associated change in C22 lactone sulfate only in the high-dose VEAPS trial. Conclusions We found evidence of a dose-dependent vitamin E supplementation effect on a novel C22 lactone sulfate compound as well as several androgenic steroids that may have relevance to previous controlled trial findings for prostate cancer. Funding Sources This research was supported by the Intramural Research Program of the National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, U.S. Public Health Service, Department of Health and Human Services.
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Kiely, Mairead E. "Risks and benefits of vegan and vegetarian diets in children." Proceedings of the Nutrition Society 80, no. 2 (2021): 159–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s002966512100001x.
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In parallel with increased public awareness of the health and environmental benefits of consuming a plant-based diet, the numbers of people who identify as vegan has increased sharply. The question of whether vegetarian and vegan diets are appropriate for children is a longstanding and unresolved controversy. The more restrictive the diet and the younger the child, the greater the risk of nutritional deficiency. Nutrients of potential concern are protein quantity and quality, iron, zinc, selenium, calcium, riboflavin, vitamins A, D, B12 and essential fatty acids. Although intakes and status of some nutrients (e.g. vitamin D and iron) are low in many children, vegan children are particularly susceptible due to inadequate supply and/or excess dietary fibre as well as other components that limit bioavailability. Although position papers from North America state that well-planned vegetarian and vegan diets, supplemented appropriately, are suitable for all life stages, European statements include strong recommendations to parents that vegan diets should not be adopted by children without medical and dietetic supervision. Case histories of malnutrition and serious harm persist, including irreversible neurological damage due to vitamin B12 deficiency among un-supplemented children. The evidence available to evaluate the nutritional appropriateness of vegetarian diets for children is inadequate and dated. Although nutritionally adequate vegetarian diets are more easily achieved, successful provision of a complete vegan diet for a young child requires substantial commitment, expert guidance, planning, resources and supplementation.
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Alkhatib, Ahmad. "Antiviral Functional Foods and Exercise Lifestyle Prevention of Coronavirus." Nutrients 12, no. 9 (2020): 2633. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu12092633.
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Novel coronavirus (COVID-19) is causing global mortality and lockdown burdens. A compromised immune system is a known risk factor for all viral influenza infections. Functional foods optimize the immune system capacity to prevent and control pathogenic viral infections, while physical activity augments such protective benefits. Exercise enhances innate and adaptive immune systems through acute, transient, and long-term adaptations to physical activity in a dose-response relationship. Functional foods prevention of non-communicable disease can be translated into protecting against respiratory viral infections and COVID-19. Functional foods and nutraceuticals within popular diets contain immune-boosting nutraceuticals, polyphenols, terpenoids, flavonoids, alkaloids, sterols, pigments, unsaturated fatty-acids, micronutrient vitamins and minerals, including vitamin A, B6, B12, C, D, E, and folate, and trace elements, including zinc, iron, selenium, magnesium, and copper. Foods with antiviral properties include fruits, vegetables, fermented foods and probiotics, olive oil, fish, nuts and seeds, herbs, roots, fungi, amino acids, peptides, and cyclotides. Regular moderate exercise may contribute to reduce viral risk and enhance sleep quality during quarantine, in combination with appropriate dietary habits and functional foods. Lifestyle and appropriate nutrition with functional compounds may offer further antiviral approaches for public health.
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Verret, Wendy J., Yu Chen, Alauddin Ahmed, et al. "A Randomized, Double-Blind Placebo-Controlled Trial Evaluating the Effects of Vitamin E and Selenium on Arsenic-Induced Skin Lesions in Bangladesh." Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine 47, no. 10 (2005): 1026–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/01.jom.0000183095.45050.97.
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Chuchalin, A. G., I. Yu Torshin, and O. A. Gromova. "Systematic computer analysis of published literature on nutritional support for vaccination." FARMAKOEKONOMIKA. Modern Pharmacoeconomic and Pharmacoepidemiology 14, no. 2 (2021): 249–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.17749/2070-4909/farmakoekonomika.2021.096.
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A range of 6700 publications from the PubMed database on the association of micronutrient supply and results of antibacterial and antiviral vaccination was reviewed by the method of topologic and metric analysis. This method allows for a selection of features (i.e. key words) by their informativity, the establishment of the most informative that provide the basis for “synthetic” features and algorithms, or the classification of the reviewed text by the relevance to the subject of the study. The results of fundamental studies showed that folates, vitamins A, D, and B12 are the regulators of mitosis of T and B-lymphocytes that exert the functions of the acquired immunity. Such microelements as zinc, iron, selenium, manganese, and omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid support the functioning of T and B-lymphocytes (energy metabolism, intracellular signal transmission, and transcription). Clinical studies showed that the support of vaccination with the specified micronutrients not only increases the titre of the respective antibodies to viral and bacterial pathogens but can also prevent unfavorable effects from vaccination. The administration of micronutrients before and after vaccination will contribute to a decrease in the mortality rate and severity of the pathology development (in case of disease). A systematic analysis allowed the authors to determine the perspectives of the proposed measures for an increase in the effectiveness and safety of vaccines, including COVID-19. Additional micronutrient supply contributes to an increase in the effectiveness and safety of vaccination. The application of specialized vitamin and mineral complexes during vaccination is economically feasible and reduces the vaccination risks for patients with polyhypoavitaminoses.
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Dikariyanto, Vita, Sarah E. Berry, Gerda K. Pot, Lucy Francis, Leanne Smith, and Wendy L. Hall. "Tree nut snack consumption is associated with better diet quality and CVD risk in the UK adult population: National Diet and Nutrition Survey (NDNS) 2008–2014." Public Health Nutrition 23, no. 17 (2020): 3160–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1368980019003914.
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AbstractObjectives:To examine associations of tree nut snack (TNS) consumption with diet quality and cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk in UK adults from National Diet and Nutrition Survey (NDNS) 2008–2014.Design:Cross-sectional analysis using data from 4-d food diaries, blood samples and physical measurements for CVD risk markers. To estimate diet quality, modified Mediterranean Diet Score (MDS) and modified Healthy Diet Score (HDS) were applied. Associations of TNS consumption with diet quality and markers of CVD risk were investigated using survey-adjusted multivariable linear regression adjusted for sex, age, ethnicity, socio-economic and smoking status, region of residency and total energy and alcohol intake.Setting:UK free-living population.Subjects:4738 adults (≥19 years).Results:TNS consumers had higher modified MDS and HDS relative to non-consumers. TNS consumers also had lower BMI, WC, SBP and DBP and higher HDL compared to non-consumers, although a dose-related fully adjusted significant association between increasing nut intake (g per 4184 kJ/1000 kcal energy intake) and lower marker of CVD risk was only observed for SBP. TNS consumption was also associated with higher intake of total fat, mono-, n-3 and n-6 polyunsaturated fatty acids, fibre, vitamin A, thiamin, folate, vitamin C, vitamin E, potassium, magnesium, phosphorus, selenium and iron; and lower intake of saturated fatty acids, trans fatty acids, total carbohydrate, starch, free sugar, sodium and chloride.Conclusions:TNS consumers report better dietary quality and consumption was associated with lower CVD risk factors. Encouraging replacement of less healthy snacks with TNS should be encouraged as part of general dietary guidelines.
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Szymański, Marek, Tomasz Wandtke, Karolina Wasilow, Marek Andryszczyk, Radosław Janicki, and Piotr Domaracki. "Comparison of 3- and 6-Month Outcomes of Combined Oral L-Carnitine Fumarate and Acetyl-L-Carnitine Therapy, Included in an Antioxidant Formulation, in Patients with Idiopathic Infertility." American Journal of Men's Health 15, no. 5 (2021): 155798832110367. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/15579883211036790.
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The male factor is responsible for infertility in about 35–40% of all cases. Idiopathic oligo- and/or astheno- and/or therato-zoospermia is one of the most common male fertility disorders and remains a significant therapeutic challenge. The primary cause of idiopathic male infertility remains unknown but seems to be associated with oxidative stress. Objective: The use of antioxidative formulation to improve qualitative and quantitative deficiencies in the male gametes. In total, 78 subjects were treated with a combination of 1,725 mg L-carnitine fumarate, 500 mg acetyl-L-carnitine, 90 mg vitamin C, 20 mg coenzyme Q10, 10 mg zinc, 200 µg folic acid, 50 µg selenium, and 1.5 µg vitamin B12 (Proxeed® Plus, Sigma-Tau, Italy) for 6 months; the preparation was taken twice daily from the time idiopathic infertility was diagnosed. Basic seminal parameters were evaluated by a European Society of Human Reproduction and Embryology (ESHRE) -certified embryologist following the fifth edition of the World Health Organisation (2010) guidelines at three time points: at baseline and 3 and 6 months of treatment. Improvements in semen parameters (differing in terms of dynamics) were evident at 3 months and gradually improved over the 6 months of treatment. Each parameter: sperm concentration, total sperm count, sperm total and progressive motility improved significantly after treatment except for the percentage of sperm of abnormal morphology and ejaculate volume. Proxeed Plus was effective for patients with idiopathic infertility; however, a long treatment period is needed to achieve optimal results.
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Calder, Philip C., Anitra C. Carr, Adrian F. Gombart, and Manfred Eggersdorfer. "Optimal Nutritional Status for a Well-Functioning Immune System Is an Important Factor to Protect against Viral Infections." Nutrients 12, no. 4 (2020): 1181. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu12041181.
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Public health practices including handwashing and vaccinations help reduce the spread and impact of infections. Nevertheless, the global burden of infection is high, and additional measures are necessary. Acute respiratory tract infections, for example, were responsible for approximately 2.38 million deaths worldwide in 2016. The role nutrition plays in supporting the immune system is well-established. A wealth of mechanistic and clinical data show that vitamins, including vitamins A, B6, B12, C, D, E, and folate; trace elements, including zinc, iron, selenium, magnesium, and copper; and the omega-3 fatty acids eicosapentaenoic acid and docosahexaenoic acid play important and complementary roles in supporting the immune system. Inadequate intake and status of these nutrients are widespread, leading to a decrease in resistance to infections and as a consequence an increase in disease burden. Against this background the following conclusions are made: (1) supplementation with the above micronutrients and omega-3 fatty acids is a safe, effective, and low-cost strategy to help support optimal immune function; (2) supplementation above the Recommended Dietary Allowance (RDA), but within recommended upper safety limits, for specific nutrients such as vitamins C and D is warranted; and (3) public health officials are encouraged to include nutritional strategies in their recommendations to improve public health.
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Papanikolaou, Yanni, and Victor L. Fulgoni. "Increasing Egg Consumption at Breakfast Is Associated with Increased Usual Nutrient Intakes: A Modeling Analysis Using NHANES and the USDA Child and Adult Care Food Program School Breakfast Guidelines." Nutrients 13, no. 4 (2021): 1379. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu13041379.
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The objective of the current modeling analysis was three-fold: (1) to examine usual nutrient intakes in children when eggs are added into dietary patterns that typically do not contain eggs; (2) to examine usual nutrient intakes with the addition of eggs in the Child and Adult Care Food Program (CACFP) school breakfast; and (3) to examine nutrient adequacy when eggs are included in routine breakfast patterns and with the addition of eggs to the CACFP school breakfast program. Dietary recall data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2011–2016 (children aged 1–18 years-old; n = 9254; CACFP n = 159) were used in the analysis. The usual intakes of pantothenic acid, riboflavin, selenium, and vitamin D increased ≥10 percent (relative to the baseline values) with the addition of one egg at breakfast. The usual intakes of protein and vitamin A at breakfast were also increased by more than 10 percent compared to the baseline values with the addition of two eggs. Similar outcomes were observed with the addition of eggs to the CACFP school breakfast. The percent of children above the adequate intake for total choline increased to 43.6 and 57.8% with one and two eggs, respectively, compared to 22.6% at the baseline. The addition of eggs at breakfast can contribute to nutrient intakes and overall dietary adequacy and play a role in public health initiatives aimed at increasing the intake of under-consumed nutrients and nutrients of concern.
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Liu, Zhen, Liyun Zhao, Qingqing Man, Jingzhong Wang, Wenhua Zhao, and Jian Zhang. "Dietary Micronutrients Intake Status among Chinese Elderly People Living at Home: Data from CNNHS 2010–2012." Nutrients 11, no. 8 (2019): 1787. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu11081787.
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The aim of this study was to examine the status of usual dietary micronutrient intakes among Chinese elderly living at home. The data was based on China National Nutrition and Health Survey (CNNHS) 2010–2012. We analyzed data from the participants aged 60-year-old and more (n = 16,612) living at home, who provided dietary data on three days 24 h dietary survey combining with the household weighing method. The means and distribution percentiles for usual intakes of dietary micronutrients were estimated using the Multiple Source Method (MSM). The prevalence of inadequacy for the selected micronutrients was expressed using the proportion of individuals with usual intakes below the Estimated Average Requirement (EAR). For vitamin E, sodium and potassium, the means and the distribution of intakes were compared to the Adequate Intake (AI) level. Usual dietary intakes of most micronutrients were inadequate in the participants, especially folate, calcium, vitamin B6 and vitamin B2, with the prevalence of inadequacy more than 90%. However, dietary sodium intake was extremely high with an average usual intake of 4702 mg/day. The usual dietary intakes of all selected micronutrients in old males were higher than females, and the prevalence of inadequacy of most micronutrients was higher in old women (p < 0.01). The subjects aged 60–74 years tended to have higher usual dietary micronutrient intakes and lower prevalence of inadequate micronutrients than those aged 75 years and over (p < 0.01). Higher usual dietary intakes and lower prevalence of inadequacy of most micronutrients were found in the elderly living in the southern region (p < 0.01). The average usual intakes of most micronutrients declined with socioeconomic status. The prevalence of inadequate vitamin A, B2, C, calcium and selenium below EAR increased with socioeconomic status (p < 0.01, p for trend < 0.01). Thus, essential micronutrients insufficient intake is a public health concern among Chinese community-dwelling old population, especially the females, older people, the elderly in undeveloped areas or living in northern regions. Nutrition education and appropriate approach should be undertaken to address these problems.
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Chauhan, Anamika. "Role of nutrients regulation in the immune system in preventing COVID-19 infection: A brief review." Journal of Applied and Natural Science 13, no. 2 (2021): 760–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.31018/jans.v13i2.2572.
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This review aimed to focus on using foods to boost immunity against COVID-19 in all age groups. In human, coronavirus causes the common cold, severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS), and a major threat to public health. The novel coronavirus was declared a pandemic by the World Health Organization due to its rapid infectivity. COVID-19 infection is most probably reported in people with low immunity response. The nutrients, which show beneficial effects on the immune system, are called immune nutrients and diet is called immune diet. A healthy diet can reduce the risk of infection of COVID-19 and can prevent disease. Nutritional food intake is also necessary for people with chronic illness, obese persons, diabetes, cardiovascular disease, cognitive dysfunction like anxiety and depression. All nutrients are essential for maintaining immunity and providing appropriate amounts of protein, fat, carbohydrate, vitamins, and minerals for the surveillance mode of keeping us from getting sick. The use of plenty of water, minerals such as micronutrients, zinc, copper, selenium, iron, magnesium, food rich in vitamins, and a good lifestyle can promote health and overwhelm this coronavirus infection.
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Hughes, K., and C. N. Ong. "Vitamins, selenium, iron, and coronary heart disease risk in Indians, Malays, and Chinese in Singapore." Journal of Epidemiology & Community Health 52, no. 3 (1998): 181–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/jech.52.3.181.
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Korany, Mohamed, Basant Mahmoud, Samia M. Ayoub, Tamer M. Sakr, and Sayed A. Ahmed. "Synthesis and radiolabeling of vitamin C-stabilized selenium nanoparticles as a promising approach in diagnosis of solid tumors." Journal of Radioanalytical and Nuclear Chemistry 325, no. 1 (2020): 237–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10967-020-07195-5.
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Batcoglu, K., A. A. Karagözler, M. Genç, and S. Çelik. "Comparison of the chemopreventive potentials of melatonin and vitamin E plus selenium on 7,12-dimethylbenz[a]anthracene-induced inhibition of mouse liver antioxidant enzymes." European Journal of Cancer Prevention 11, no. 1 (2002): 57–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00008469-200202000-00008.
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Bhan, Maharaj K., Halvor Sommerfelt, and Tor Strand. "Micronutrient deficiency in children." British Journal of Nutrition 85, S2 (2001): S199—S203. http://dx.doi.org/10.1079/bjn2001315.
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Malnutrition increases morbidity and mortality and affects physical growth and development, some of these effects resulting from specific micronutrient deficiencies. While public health efforts must be targeted to improve dietary intakes in children through breast feeding and appropriate complementary feeding, there is a need for additional measures to increase the intake of certain micronutrients. Food-based approaches are regarded as the long-term strategy for improving nutrition, but for certain micronutrients, supplementation, be it to the general population or to high risk groups or as an adjunct to treatment must also be considered. Our understanding of the prevalence and consequences of iron, vitamin A and iodine deficiency in children and pregnant women has advanced considerably while there is still a need to generate more knowledge pertaining to many other micronutrients, including zinc, selenium and many of the B-vitamins. For iron and vitamin A, the challenge is to improve the delivery to target populations. For disease prevention and growth promotion, the need to deliver safe but effective amounts of micronutrients such as zinc to children and women of fertile age can be determined only after data on deficiency prevalence becomes available and the studies on mortality reduction following supplementation are completed. Individual or multiple micronutrients must be used as an adjunct to treatment of common infectious diseases and malnutrition only if the gains are substantial and the safety window sufficiently wide. The available data for zinc are promising with regard to the prevention of diarrhea and pneumonia. It should be emphasized that there must be no displacement of important treatment such as ORS in acute diarrhea by adjunct therapy such as zinc. Credible policy making requires description of not only the clinical effects but also the underlying biological mechanisms. As findings of experimental studies are not always feasible to extrapolate to humans, the biology of deficiency as well as excess of micronutrients in humans must continue to be investigated with vigour.
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Miller, Victoria, Gitanjali M. Singh, Jennifer Onopa, et al. "Global Dietary Database 2017: data availability and gaps on 54 major foods, beverages and nutrients among 5.6 million children and adults from 1220 surveys worldwide." BMJ Global Health 6, no. 2 (2021): e003585. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjgh-2020-003585.
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BackgroundWe aimed to systematically identify, standardise and disseminate individual-level dietary intake surveys from up to 207 countries for 54 foods, beverages and nutrients, including subnational intakes by age, sex, education and urban/rural residence, from 1980 to 2015.MethodsBetween 2008–2011 and 2014–2020, the Global Dietary Database (GDD) project systematically searched for surveys assessing individual-level intake worldwide. We prioritised nationally or subnationally representative surveys using 24-hour recalls, Food-Frequency Questionnaires or short standardised questionnaires. Data were retrieved from websites or corresponding members as individual-level food group microdata or aggregate stratum-level data. Standardisation included quality assessment; data cleaning; categorising of foods and nutrients and their units; aggregation by demographic strata and energy adjustment.ResultsWe standardised and incorporated 1220 surveys into the final GDD 2017 database, together represented 188 countries and 99.0% of the world’s population in 2015. 72.1% were nationally, 17.0% subnationally, and 10.9% community-level representative. 41.2% used Food-Frequency Questionnaires; 23.4%, 24-hour recalls; 15.8%, Demographic Health Survey questionnaires; 13.1%, biomarkers and 6.4%, household surveys. 73.9% of surveys included data on children; 52.2%, by urban and rural residence; and 30.2%, by education. Most surveys were in high-income countries, followed by sub-Saharan Africa and Asia. Most commonly ascertained foods were fruits (N=803 surveys), non-starchy vegetables (N=787) and sugar-sweetened beverages (N=440); and nutrients, sodium (N=343), energy (N=256), calcium (N=224) and fibre (N=200). Least available data were on iodine, vitamin A, plant protein, selenium, added sugar and animal protein.ConclusionsThis systematic search, retrieval and standardised effort provides the most comprehensive empirical evidence on dietary intakes across and within countries worldwide.
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Campisi, Susan, Clare Zasowski, Shailja Shah, et al. "70 Assessing the Evidence of Micronutrients on Depression among Children and Adolescents: An Evidence Gap Map." Paediatrics & Child Health 25, Supplement_2 (2020): e29-e29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/pch/pxaa068.069.
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Abstract Background Globally, depression is one of the leading causes of illness and disability among adolescents. There is some evidence indicating that nutrition may have the ability to prevent, treat and/or influence the severity of depression. Nutritional interventions may broaden the efficacy of treatment options since they are lower in cost, easily accessible and associated with fewer side effects. This may be of particular importance in many low and middle-income countries where micronutrient deficiencies are common and supplementation may be a cost-effective public health intervention. Before determining the role nutrition interventions play in psychiatry, current research needs a unified direction for the development of effective clinical and population treatments. To be resourceful in this task, evidence gap maps (EGM), which employ a systematic approach to mapping and reporting the current evidence, are of particular usefulness. Objectives The aim of this EGM is to offer insight into the potential role of micronutrients in depression treatment and prevention, highlight important gaps in the literature where knowledge is scarce or non-existent, and assist in prioritizing future primary research. It also provides a structured and accessible guide for users to identify the possible efficacy of specific nutrients on depression among those 6-19 years of age. Design/Methods We conducted a comprehensive database search of all primary and secondary literature assessing the impact of micronutrients on depression-related outcomes such as unipolar depression, major depressive disorders, dysthymia, acute depression, and mood disorders among those 6-19 years of age. Studies from any setting that assessed the impact of interventions or deficiencies of micronutrients — vitamins and minerals — on depression were included in the EGM. Based upon current literature, the most potentially impactful micronutrients on depression included Vitamins B, C, A, D and E, as well as minerals such as calcium, copper, chromium, iron, magnesium, manganese, phosphate, potassium, selenium, and zinc. Abstracts and full-text articles were dual-screened on the basis of predefined eligibility criteria. Key characteristics of the included publications were extracted. All extracted data was visualized in an evidence matrix. Results Our searches identified 7,479 unique citations. After the full-text screening, 30 publications were included in this EGM representing a total of 17,906 participants (58.8% female). Some studies included more than one age range with more reports being among those greater than 10 years of age. About 45% of included studies focused on early adolescents (10-14 years), 35% on late adolescents (15-19 years) and about 20% on children aged 6-9 years. Among studies including adolescents, most studies [n= 22 (73%)] were conducted among boys and girls, seven studies (23.3%) focused exclusively on girls and only one (3%) study targeted only boys. Over half of the evidence was cross-sectional, while the other half was composed of cohort studies, randomized controlled trials and case-control/series studies. Vitamin D (n=8), zinc (n=7), iron (n= 5), folate (n=5), Vitamin A (n=2), and Vitamin B (B1, B12) (n=4) were the most studied micronutrients. There were two studies on magnesium while one study each on Vitamin C, Vitamin E, and copper (some studies examined multiple micronutrients). We did not identify research conducted on any other micronutrients suspected to impact depression. Conclusion To our knowledge, this EGM is the first review to map current evidence regarding micronutrients and depression in this age demographic. Currently, there is insufficient evidence to support recommendations for micronutrient supplementation in the management of depression among those 6-19 years of age. More longitudinal studies and trials are needed to confirm a role for micronutrients in the etiology and treatment of depression among children and adolescents.
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Marushka, Lesya, Malek Batal, Constantine Tikhonov, et al. "Importance of fish for food and nutrition security among First Nations in Canada." Canadian Journal of Public Health 112, S1 (2021): 64–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.17269/s41997-021-00481-z.
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Abstract Objective To investigate the relationships between fish/seafood consumption patterns and food security status among First Nations (FN) communities in Canada. We estimated the contribution of fish/seafood to daily nutrient requirements. Barriers to traditional food (TF) access including fish were summarized. Methods Data were collected by the First Nations Food, Nutrition and Environment Study (2008–2018). The sample of this participatory study comprised 6258 randomly selected FN adults. Fish/seafood consumption was estimated with a food frequency questionnaire. Food security status was assessed with the Household Food Security Survey Module. The contribution of fish/seafood to protein, n-3 fatty acid, vitamin (A, B12, D, niacin) and mineral (selenium, zinc) requirements was assessed by comparison to Dietary Reference Intakes. Results Regional differences were observed in fish/seafood consumption patterns and their relationship with food security status. In the eastern regions (Ontario, Quebec/Labrador and the Atlantic region), consumption of fish/seafood and other TF was significantly higher among food insecure compared with food secure FN participants. Severely food insecure men (particularly in British Columbia, Alberta, Quebec/Labrador and the Atlantic region) tended to eat a higher amount of TF, including fish/seafood, compared with food secure and moderately food insecure men, while no difference was observed in women. Fish/seafood provided good sources of selected nutrients. However, the high cost of harvesting equipment, industry-related activities and climate change reduce access to fish/seafood and other wildlife. Conclusion Fish/seafood continues to be vital to the diet of FN communities. Focusing on policies that support FN increased access to fish/seafood has the potential to decrease food insecurity and support sustainable livelihoods. Future policies should focus on socio-economic determinants of food insecurity and support traditional harvesting and sustainable fisheries among FN communities.
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Siqueira de Andrade, Maria Izabel, Juliana Souza Oliveira, Vanessa Sá Leal, Poliana Coelho Cabral, and Pedro Israel Cabral de Lira. "Independent predictors of insulin resistance in Brazilian adolescents: Results of the study of cardiovascular risk in adolescents–Brazil." PLOS ONE 16, no. 2 (2021): e0246445. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0246445.
Full textAbstract:
Considering the current changes in dietary patterns and the increasing prevalence of excess weight throughout the world, several studies have reported insulin resistance, which is a key driver of many chronic diseases, to be an important public health problem in all age groups. Therefore, the aim of the present study was to identify the prevalence and independent predictors of insulin resistance in Brazilian adolescents. A cross-sectional study was conducted with a probabilistic, representative sample of Brazilian adolescents (n = 37,023) who participated in the Study of Cardiovascular Risk in Adolescents. Data were collected on demographic, socioeconomic, lifestyle, anthropometric, and biochemical characteristics as well as antioxidant micronutrient intake (vitamins A, C, E, zinc, and selenium). Insulin resistance was determined using the Homeostatic Model Assessment for Insulin Resistance (HOMA-IR) and classified based on the 75th percentile of the sample distribution. Insulin resistance was detected in 27% of the adolescents and was more prevalent among those aged 12 to 14 years (PR: 1.26 [95%CI: 1.13;1.41]), those residing in the southern and south-eastern regions of the country (PR: 1.47 [95%CI: 1.27;1.70]), those who were physically inactive (PR: 1.12 [95%CI: 1.02;1.23]), and those did not consume alcohol (PR: 1.50 [95%CI: 1.13;1.99]). The prevalence of insulin resistance was 2.5-fold higher among individuals with severe obesity (PR: 2.49 [95%CI: 2.07;3.00]). Waist circumference indicative of cardiovascular risk and high serum triglyceride levels increased the likelihood of insulin resistance (PR: 1.37 [95%CI: 1.19;1.59] and 1.60 [95%CI: 1.45;1.78], respectively). The prevalence of the outcome was higher among adolescents in the lower quartiles of vitamin E intake (p<0.05). In the present study, the prevalence of insulin resistance was high among Brazilian adolescents and we identified sociodemographic, lifestyle, anthropometric, biochemical, and dietary predictors of this outcome.