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Journal articles on the topic 'Vitamine A – Côte d'Ivoire'

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Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 1 February 2022

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1

Domenech, Joseph, M. Wyers, J. P. Braun, and Pierre Formenty. "Le syndrome nerveux des ovins en Côte-d'Ivoire. I. Etude épidémiologique et clinique, méthodes de diagnostic et traitement." Revue d’élevage et de médecine vétérinaire des pays tropicaux 46, no. 3 (March 1, 1993): 423–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.19182/remvt.9431.

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Le “syndrome nerveux des ovins” en Côte-d’Ivoire est assimilable à la “nécrose du cortex cérébral” (NCC) due à une carence en vitamine B1. Tous les symptômes classiques de la NCC ont été observés (ataxie locomotrice suivie de paralysies) et les lésions histologiques de polioencéphalomalacie ont été mises en évidence. En revanche, les circonstances d’apparition de la maladie sont très différentes dans les deux cas : si la NCC est une maladie des jeunes ruminants à l’engrais dans les pays développés, le syndrome nerveux des ovins se manifeste essentiellement, en Côte-d’lvoire, durant la saison sèche, lorsque le pâturage devient sec et rare et que la complémentation alimentaire est insuffisante. La cause principale, relativement univoque, est donc représentée par une dégradation brutale de la valeur nutritionnelle de la ration alimentaire, mais l’étiopathogénie précise de la maladie reste inconnue. Dans un troupeau atteint, 10 à 30 % des animaux peuvent être malades et 80 à 90 % d’entre eux vont mourir. Sur le plan du diagnostic, aucune épreuve biochimique classique n’est suffisamment spécifique pour être retenue pour une confirmation formelle du syndrome nerveux. Il faut cependant signaler que les CK (créatinine kinase) sont très régulièrement augmentées et que les ASAT (aspartate aminotransférase) sont élevées dans 75 % des cas. Le diagnostic formel reste donc basé, dans les conditions actuelles pratiques de terrain en Afrique, sur l’efficacité du traitement avec la vitamine B1 et, pour l’animal mort, sur l’analyse histologique du cerveau.

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Ahoua, Laurence, William Etienne, Florence Fermon, Graziella Godain, Vincent Brown, Kassy Kadjo, Kouamé Bouaffou, Dominique Legros, and Philippe Jean Guerin. "Outbreak of Beriberi in a Prison in Côte D'Ivoire." Food and Nutrition Bulletin 28, no. 3 (September 2007): 283–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/156482650702800304.

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Background A beriberi outbreak occurred in the Maison d'Arrêt et de Correction d'Abidjan (MACA), a detention center in Abidjan, Côte d'Ivoire, between October 2002 and April 2003. Objective A retrospective investigation was conducted to document the outbreak in April 2003. Methods A descriptive analysis and a case–control study were performed. A probable case patient was defined as a person detained in the center between October 2002 and April 2003 with at least two of the following symptoms: bilateral leg edema, dyspnea, positive squat test, motor deficiencies, and paresthesia. A definite case patient was defined as a probable case patient who showed clinical improvement under thiamin treatment. Results Of 712 cases reported, 115 (16%) were probable and 597 (84%) were definite. The overall attack rate was 14.1%, and the case fatality rate was 1.0% (7/712). The highest attack rate was reported in the building housing prisoners with long-term sentences (16.9%). All patients were male, and the mean age was 28 years. During the period studied, the penal ration provided a fifth of the quantity of thiamin recommended by international standards. After adjustment for potential confounders, a history of cholera infection (adjusted odds ratio [ORa], 12.9; 95% confidence interval [CI], 2.9 to 54.1) and incarceration in the building for severe penalties (ORa, 4.8; 95% CI, 1.3 to 18.5) were associated with the disease. Conclusions Beriberi has been underreported among prisoners. Further attention should be given to its risk factors, especially a history of acute diarrhea. Systematic food supplementation with vitamins and micronutrients should be discussed when the penal ration does not provide the necessary nutrient intake recommended according to international standards.

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Domenech, Joseph, and Pierre Formenty. "Le syndrome nerveux des ovins en Côte-d'Ivoire. II. Importance économique, essais et analyse coûts-bénéfices de plans de prophylaxie." Revue d’élevage et de médecine vétérinaire des pays tropicaux 46, no. 3 (March 1, 1993): 513–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.19182/remvt.9460.

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Le syndrome nerveux des ovins en Côte d'Ivoire a été présenté pour ses aspects cliniques et épidémiologiques, dans un premier article et il a été assimilé à la nécrose du cortex cérébral liée à une carence en vitamine B1. Les pertes économiques dues à cette maladie s'élèvent de 1500 à 2000 F CFA (30 à 40 FF) par animal entretenu et par an, ce qui justifiait que l'on se penche sur le problème de la prophylaxie. Un programme d'injection hebdomadaire de 100 mg de chlorhydrate de thiamine, pendant toute la durée de la saison sèche, s'est révélé très efficace. De plus, ce programme s'avère rentable pour l'éleveur, si le coût de l'acte (injection) proprement dit n'est pas compté. Si on inclut uniquement le prix du produit, le calcul montre un taux de rémunération des investissements (rapport des bénéfices sur les coûts du programme) de 4,8 (coût de la thiamine à 400 F CFA) à 30,6 (Coût de la thiamine à 66 F CFA). Les autres critères de rentabilité (valeur actualisée nette différentielle et gains induits) etudiés démontrent le même effet positif du schéma de prophylaxie testé.

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Ake, Michele, Bernadette Mandrou, and Anglade Malan. "Determination of vitamin a in milk and flour consumed by one- to four-year-old children in côte d'ivoire." Journal of AOAC INTERNATIONAL 81, no. 1 (January 1, 1998): 111–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jaoac/81.1.111.

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Abstract As part of a United Nations Children's Found (UN¬ICEF) study, an analytical method is proposed for routine analysis of vitamin A in milk and flour consumed by 1- to 4-year-old children in Côte d'Ivoire. The method involves liquid-liquid extrac¬tion of sample followed by reversed-phase liquid chromatography (LC). The method has been vali¬dated and used to analyze various samples col¬lected at different locations and stored under unfa¬vorable conditions. Average vitamin A content was 575 μg/100 g for milk powder and 1350 μg/100 g for millet flour. Lower contents were found in corn flour (40-240 μg/100 g), and no vitamin A could be detected in rice flour

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Djélé Alette Edwige Ziale, Kohué Christelle Chantal N’gaman-Kouassi, Fatou Diane Micheline Baguia-Broune, Janat Akhanovna Mamyrbekova-Békro, and Yves-Alain Békro. "Phytochemical, antioxidant and anticholinesterase profiles of Musanga cecropioïdes R. Br. (Urticaceae) from Côte d'Ivoire." GSC Biological and Pharmaceutical Sciences 16, no. 2 (August 30, 2021): 094–102. http://dx.doi.org/10.30574/gscbps.2021.16.2.0224.

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This study is devoted to Musanga cecropioides (Urticaceae), a tropical plant whose leaves and root bark are used in traditional medicine in the treatment of various pathologies. The objective of this work was to study qualitative and quantitative composition of phenolic compounds in extracts of the leaves (McF) and root bark (McR) Musanga cecropioides and to evaluate their antioxidant and anticholinesterase properties. Phytochemical screening using TLC showed that the extracts contain, along with phenolic compounds such as coumarins, flavonoids and tannins, other bioactive phytocompounds namely sterols, terpenes and alkaloids. Quantitative analysis of phenolic phytoconstituents by spectrophotometry showed that contents of total flavonoids and polyphenols in leaves (7.753% and 119.389 mg EAG / g, respectively) are higher than those in the root bark (1.41% and 105.944 mg EAG / g, respectively). The antioxidant activity of total and selective extracts evaluated by FRAP and DPPH methods was found to be significant compared to vitamin C. All the extracts of Musanga cecropioides showed good anticholinesterase activity with percentages of inhibition of the acetylcholinesterase (AChE) ranging from 51.952 to 63.589%.

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Rohner, Fabian, Christine Northrop-Clewes, Andres B. Tschannen, Patrice E. Bosso, Valérie Kouassi-Gohou, Juergen G. Erhardt, Mai Bui, Michael B. Zimmermann, and CG Nicholas Mascie-Taylor. "Prevalence and public health relevance of micronutrient deficiencies and undernutrition in pre-school children and women of reproductive age in Côte d'Ivoire, West Africa." Public Health Nutrition 17, no. 9 (September 4, 2013): 2016–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s136898001300222x.

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AbstractObjectiveTo provide nationally representative data on the prevalence of anaemia, vitamin A and Fe deficiencies among pre-school age children (pre-SAC) and non-pregnant women of reproductive age (WRA), and on vitamin B12and folate deficiencies in WRA, and the influence of inflammation on their interpretation.DesignA cross-sectional survey to measure anthropometry, malaria parasitaemia and micronutrient status. Specifically, blood samples were analysed for Hb, plasma ferritin, soluble transferrin receptors, C-reactive protein, α1-acid glycoprotein, retinol-binding protein, vitamin B12and folate.SettingCôte d'Ivoire in 2007.SubjectsNine hundred and twenty-eight WRA and 879 pre-SAC.ResultsIn WRA, prevalence ofPlasmodiumparasitaemia (5 %) was low, but inflammation (34 %) was higher. Anaemia was a severe public health problem and prevalence differed by residency and eco-region. Inflammation-adjusted Fe deficiency was highest in urban areas (20 %). Nationally, folate deficiency was 86 %, higher in urban areas and varied by eco-region. Prevalence of vitamin B12deficiency was low but higher in the rural areas and the north. Inflammation-adjusted vitamin A deficiency was very low (1 %). In pre-SAC, prevalence of inflammation (67 %) andPlasmodiumparasites (25 %) was high; the latter was associated with poverty, rural residency and higher ferritin concentrations. Anaemia was classified as a severe public health problem (72 %), and was higher in rural areas (76 %) and the north (87 %). A quarter of pre-SAC suffered from vitamin A deficiency (inflammation-adjusted) and prevalence of undernutrition was high.ConclusionsPrevalence of inflammation,Plasmodiumparasitaemia and micronutrient deficiencies were high in Côte d'Ivoire, particularly in pre-SAC. Nutritional interventions should be accompanied by strategies to reduce exposure to infections.

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Etienne, Douati, Konan Ysidor, Coulibaly Adama, Sidibe Daouda, and Biego Marius. "Assessement of Vitamins Contents of Almonds Deriving From Terminalia catappa L. (Combretaceae) Produced in Côte d'ivoire." Asian Journal of Advances in Agricultural Research 2, no. 3 (January 10, 2017): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.9734/ajaar/2017/35622.

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Soro, Kone Haffiata, Kone Kisselmina Youssouf, Akaki Koffi David, Soro Doudjo, Elleingang Fattoh Eric, and Assidjo Nogbou Emmanuel. "Caractérisation Biochimique De La Pulpe des Fruits Du Prunier Noir (Vitex Doniana) De La Côte d’Ivoire." European Scientific Journal, ESJ 14, no. 3 (January 31, 2018): 252. http://dx.doi.org/10.19044/esj.2018.v14n3p252.

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Black plum, the fruit of Vitex doniana, was harvested in three (3) regions belonging to different climatic zones in northern Côte d'Ivoire. Biochemical characteristics of the pulps were studied in order to highlight their nutritional potential and the variability of this composition according to study areas. From the conventional biochemical analyzes used, it appears that the fruit pulp is acidic and mostly made up of water. It is rich in sugars and has antioxidant power between 18.63 ± 0.02 and 35.54 ± 0.01 µg.mL -1. There is also the presence of polyphenols (166.67 ± 0.01 – 196.67 ± 0.01 mEq A.G./100g) and vitamin C (14.34 ± 0.02 – 15.05 ± 0.07 mg/100g). Ashes consist of minerals such as magnesium, potassium and calcium. The analysis of the variance showed that the mean of the parameters studied are significantly different from one region to the other, except the ash rate and vitamin C content. In view of its nutritional quality, black plum presents itself as an interesting fruit to be taken into account in the prevention of certain dietary imbalances and which can even intervene at low cost in the treatment of certain pathologies.

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Samuel, Kouadio Oi Kouadio, Yapo Edwige Sopie Salomé, Silue Oumar, Adou Bini Yao Christophe, and Kouakou Tanoh Hilaire. "Influence of Carbohydrates on Callus Proliferation During Somatic Embryogenesis in Pineapple [Ananas Comosus (L.) Merr. (Bromeliaceae) Var. Cayenne Smooth Cultivar CI 16]." European Scientific Journal, ESJ 14, no. 15 (May 31, 2018): 287. http://dx.doi.org/10.19044/esj.2018.v14n15p287.

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The improvement of pineapple (Ananas comosus var. Smooth Cayenne) by means of in vitro culture is less studied in Côte d'Ivoire despite the importance of this plant for this country’s economy. Our work consisted in highlighting nature and concentration effects of carbohydrates on the proliferation of calli in pineapple as a prelude to efficient embryogenesis. Callus proliferation was carried out from the base of pineapple vitroplants leaves. Thirty (30) explants were cultured on the tested culture medium. MS medium (micro- and macro elements of Murashige and Skoog) supplemented with vitamin Gamborg B5 was used as base medium to which were added 0.05 mg/L BAP, 3 mg/L picloram, 2 mg/L glycine, 1,000 mg/L glutamine, 100 mg/L casein hydrolyzate and 30 g/L carbohydrate. Sucrose was tested at different concentrations (20, 25, 30, 35 and 40 g/L). The results revealed that callus proliferation is strongly influenced (p ˂ 0.0001) by nature and concentration of carbohydrate. Sucrose with the highest dry matter content (61.34 mg) has a higher callogenic potential than the other studied carbohydrates. The concentration of 30 g/L sucrose significantly improved the calli proliferation in pineapple. Galactose and maltose were less favorable to proliferation.

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Monde, Absalome A., Françoise Michel, Marie-Annette Carbonneau, Georges Tiahou, Marie-Hélène Vernet, Sabrina Eymard-Duvernay, Stephanie Badiou, et al. "Comparative study of fatty acid composition, vitamin E and carotenoid contents of palm oils from four varieties of oil palm from Côte d'Ivoire." Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture 89, no. 15 (October 5, 2009): 2535–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jsfa.3740.

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11

Adjovi, Roland. "CÔTE D'IVOIRE." Human Rights Law in Africa Online 2, no. 1 (2004): 1013–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/221160604x01188.

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CORNWELL, RICHARD. "CÔTE D'IVOIRE." African Security Review 14, no. 2 (January 2005): 47–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10246029.2005.9627351.

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13

Koffi, Kan. "Côte d'Ivoire." Recherche en soins infirmiers N° 100, no. 1 (2010): 36. http://dx.doi.org/10.3917/rsi.100.0036.

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International Monetary Fund. "Côte d'Ivoire: Selected Issues." IMF Staff Country Reports 16, no. 148 (2016): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.5089/9781475574562.002.

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Bamba, Sidiki. "Côte d'Ivoire : l'écran national." Outre-Terre 20, no. 3 (2007): 353. http://dx.doi.org/10.3917/oute.020.0353.

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Boni-Claverie, Isabelle, and Olivier Barlet. "« La Côte d'Ivoire m'habite »." Africultures 56, no. 3 (2003): 134. http://dx.doi.org/10.3917/afcul.056.0134.

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Cornwell, Richard. "Côte d'Ivoire: Marking time." African Security Review 15, no. 3 (January 2006): 51–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10246029.2006.9627605.

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Schiel, Rebecca, Christopher Faulkner, and Jonathan Powell. "Mutiny in Côte d'Ivoire." Africa Spectrum 52, no. 2 (August 2017): 103–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/000203971705200205.

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Since 1990, Côte d'Ivoire has experienced over a dozen army mutinies, with three major events occurring in the first half of 2017. This paper explores the underlying causes of these events, considering both this year's mutinies and the state's prior experiences with military insubordination. A review of the events of Côte d'Ivoire's tumultuous 2017 indicates a number of parallels with some of its earlier mutinies, though these more recent events are perhaps unique due to the presence of a larger range of dynamics and the scale of the mutineers' demands. Beyond requests for better pay, which are nearly ubiquitous, these events also illustrate the general hazards of post-conflict civil–military relations, including challenges related to demobilisation, integration of rebel forces, the consequences of soldiers having contributed to a leader's ascendance, and the perils of soldier loyalties lying with personalities instead of the state.

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Maurel, Allico Mousso Jean, Agbo Adouko Edith, Séri Kipré Laurent, Boyvin Lydie, Yapi Houphouët Félix, Kouamé Christophe, and Djaman Allico Joseph. "Impact of Food Diversification on the Status of Fat- Soluble Vitamins in School-aged Children in the Nawa Region (Côte d'Ivoire)." European Journal of Nutrition & Food Safety, March 12, 2021, 136–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.9734/ejnfs/2021/v13i130369.

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Introduction: In Côte d'Ivoire, there is an imbalance between the dietary intake and the nutritional requirements of school-aged children. The objective of this study was to analyze the effect of food diversification, namely sweet potato, soya and cowpea, on vitamin A, D and E profiles among school-aged children in Côte d'Ivoire. Methodology: This study was conducted over eight months (from October 2017 to May 2018). It included 240 school-aged children (6 - 12 years old) who were divided into four groups of 60 pupils. These children consumed food at school canteens in 12 localities of the Nawa region. Four types of meals were proposed: rice with fish (Group 1 control), sweet potato porridge accompanied by green soybean (Group 2), sweet potato porridge accompanied by white cowpea (Group 3), and sweet potato porridge accompanied by cowpea with soya balls (Group 4). Three blood samples were collected: Phase 0 (prior to the consumption of the meals), Phase 1 (sampling taken three months later) and Phase 2 (sampling taken six months later). Blood assay for vitamins A, D and E was performed using high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Results: Before the children consumed food at the canteen (phase 0), a sufficient amount of vitamins A, D and E was observed, except for group 4 where a deficiency of vitamin D (<30 ng/mL) was noted. The levels of vitamins A and D decreased in groups 1, 2 and 3 from phase 0 to phase 2. However, they increased in children of group 4 from 0.5 to 0.8 mg/L and from 22 to 28 ng/mL respectively. The vitamin E level increased in all groups from phase 0 to phase 2. The improvement in vitamin E status was more remarkable in the children of group 2 and group 4 with levels varying from 8.5 to 11.8 mg/L and 8.3 to 10.6 mg/L respectively. Conclusion: Improvements in vitamin A, D, and E status were more pronounced in children who ate sweet potato, soybean, and cowpea meal compared to their mean concentration at the beginning of the study. The sweet potato, soybean, and cowpea-based meal could be chosen as a means of food diversification in school canteens in order to improve the vitamin status of school-aged children.

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Ake, M., C. N’cho, F. Bony, G. Gbassi, and E. Atindehou. "Evaluation of vitamin B1 status of alcoholic subjects in Abidjan (Côte d'Ivoire)." International Journal of Biological and Chemical Sciences 3, no. 6 (March 30, 2010). http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/ijbcs.v3i6.53135.

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Muriel J., Okoma D., Assa Rebecca. R., Konan K. Jean-Louis, and Konan N. Ysidor. "Physico-chemical Characterization of Granulated Sugar from Coconut (Cocos nucifera L.) Inflorescence Sap Cultivars and Sugar Cane in Côte d'Ivoire." Current Journal of Applied Science and Technology, September 5, 2019, 1–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.9734/cjast/2019/v37i330287.

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Aims: To evaluate and compare some physico-chemical characteristics of powdered sugar from the inflorescences of three of the most widespread coconut cultivars in Côte d'Ivoire compared to sugar from cane sugar to diversifying coconut exploitation in Côte d'Ivoire. Experimental Design was Used: The sap was extracted from inflorescences of row 8 of PB113+, PB121+ hybrid and GOA cultivar. Three different treatments that varied time and temperature were set. The physico-chemical characterization concerned the sugar samples from each pair. Samples of white and brown sugar from sugar cane, sold commercially in Côte d'Ivoire, were used as controls. Place and Duration of Studies: Marc Delorme Station for Coconut Research at the National Centre for Agricultural Research, Côte d'Ivoire between January 2017 and March 2018. Methodology: The sap from the freshly collected coconut tree inflorescences was directly transformed into granulated sugar by thermal spraying (Okoma et al, 2019), without preservatives. Three treatments varying the time/temperature pair were tested. Thus, the processing consisted of: T1: boil 1 liter of sap for 45 minutes at a temperature varying from 60-120°C. T2: boil 1 liter of sap for 40 minutes at a temperature varying from 60-140°C. T3: boil 1 liter of sap for 35 minutes at a temperature varying from 60-160°C. The physico-chemical characterization concerned the coconut sugar samples from each treatment and covered the dry matter content (DMS), moisture (HUM), ashes content (ASH), hydrogen potential (pH), titratable acidity content (TAT), total and reducing sugar contents, fat content and crude fibers. We considered the white and brown sugar from sugar cane sold in the sample as control samples. Results: All the physico-chemical characteristics of the crystalline coconut and sugar cane sugars analyzed generated significant differences (p<0.5) between them and the controls. Regardless of the treatment, the controls white and brown cane sugar provide statistically identical DMS, greater than 99.45 g/100 g respectively. These levels are higher than those provided by the sugar of coconut cultivars. In addition, white (0.27 to 0.29) and brown (0.42 to 0.50) cane sugar contains less water than all coconut cultivars (0.76 to 1.70). Regardless of the treatments applied, crystalline coconut sugar contains ashes contents (ASH) that range from 1.45 to 2.85 and are statistically higher than the proportions found in brown sugar cane sugar (0.11 to 0.28). White sugar cane sugar does not contain ashes. The pH of white sugar and brown sugar (6.09 and 6.44) is significantly higher than that of coconut sugar (4.82 and 6.19). The titratable acid content of coconut sugar ranged from 1.25 to 2.19 compared to 0.94 to 1.99 in cane sugar. Total sugar contents (TST) represent 81.15 to 87.54% of the dry matter in coconut cultivars. This is lower than the TSTs for white sugar (99.01 to 99.04%) and brown sugar (95.6 to 95.73%) sugar cane. Crystal sugar in coconut cultivars contains statistically fewer reducing sugars (6.75 to 7.89%) than white sugar cane sugar (8.11 to 8.12%). Its red counterpart, with 6.14%, contains smaller amounts of reducing sugars. Conclusion: Sugars are the main constituents of the dry matter of the coconut and cane sugar crystals studied. However, the different heat treatments applied to the sap of coconut inflorescences significantly affected all the physico-chemical parameters of each sugar. The physico-chemical characteristics have statistically differentiated coconut sugar from sugar cane sugar. However, for a better valorization of crystalline coconut sugar in Côte d'Ivoire, additional studies to determine its carbohydrate, mineral, vitamin and energy content should be considered.

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Kouakoua, Yapi Elisée, Aïssatou Coulibaly, Kouadio Claver Degbeu, and N’Guessan Georges Amani. "Dilution Ratio and Pasteurization Effects on the Physico-chemical Characteristics of the Pulp of Saba senegalensis of Côte d'Ivoire." Current Journal of Applied Science and Technology, October 3, 2019, 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.9734/cjast/2019/v37i530340.

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Aims: The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of dilution ratio and pasteurization on physico-chemical parameters of Saba senegalensis pulp in the context of its recovery. Study Design: The experimental set-up was of a completely randomized design. Place and Duration of Study: This study was carried out in the Department of Food Science and Technology, at the Laboratory of Food Biochemistry and Tropical Product Technology (BATPTL) of Nangui Abrogoua University, Abidjan, Côte d'Ivoire, between June and August 2019. Methodology: The pulp collected from the fruit was diluted according to the following pulp/water ratio (RPW; v/v): 1:0.5; 1:1 and 1:1.5 and pasteurized at 75°C at different times (5 min, 10 min and 15 min). The pH, titratable acidity (TA), Total soluble solid (TSS), vitamin C, β-carotene and the colour were determined on the different samples. Results: The results obtained during this study showed that all the physico-chemical parameters evaluated, except pH, are affected during dilution while during pasteurization only vitamin C and β-carotene are affected. During the respective dilutions, 50%, 62% and 66% of the vitamin C concentration decreased as well as 53%, 74% and 76% of β-carotene. It also led to a decrease in total soluble solid (TSS) of 32%, 50% and 59%. Following the pasteurization of each diluted pulp12%, 45% and 50% on average of the vitamin C are lost at the respective pasteurization time (5 min, 10 min and 15 min respectively). For β-carotene the content decreases (50%) within the first 5 minutes and remains constant during the last 10 minutes of pasteurization. Conclusion: During Saba senegalensis fruit processing into nectar, dilution and pasteurization factors must be considered in order to ensure the physico-chemical quality of the beverage. The physico-chemical characteristics were more affected during dilution than in pasteurization.

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Bedel, Fagbohoun Jean, Ekissi Elvis Serge Gbocho, Yapi Jocelyn Constant, and Kouame Lucien Patrice. "Change in Physicochemical Parameters during Traditional Processing of Cassava (Manihot esculenta Crantz) into Attiéké (Cassava semolina)." International Journal of Biochemistry Research & Review, May 5, 2021, 61–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.9734/ijbcrr/2021/v30i130246.

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Attieke has become one of the most consumed foodstuffs and very popular among the populations of Côte d'Ivoire. It is a steamed cassava semolina with a long transformation process involving different fermentation times. Physicochemical and biochemical analyses have shown that attiéké has many nutritional potentials. Physicochemical parameters (pH, lactic and acetic acids, ethanol, starch, sugars (total and reducing) and vitamin C) were analysed during the process of transforming cassava (Manihot esculenta C.) into attieke. Moisture levels ranged from 61.5% (fresh pulp) to 45% (Attieke). The pH of the fresh cassava (6.1) decreases and reaches 4.7 on the third day of fermentation while that of the attiéké is 5. The acetic (0.48%) and lactic (0.72%) acid contents increase and are respectively 2.40 and 3.60% in the attieke. The ethanol content, which does not exist in the fresh pulp, appears during the fermentation and then decreases from 0.86% (24 hours of fermentation) to 2.40 (attieke). The starch content of cassava pulp decreased from 41.1 (fresh pulp) to 39.5% (fresh Attieke). The vitamin C content of the fresh pulp (69mg/100g) decreases and represents only 1 mg/100g in the fresh attieke.

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Jeanne Armande Aké, Aya, Lydie Boyvin, Kipré Laurent Séri, Mousso Jean Maurel Allico, Kadjoweli Djakaridja Yéo, Adou Francis Yapo, and Allico Joseph Djaman. "Vitamin D Deficiency and Evaluation of the Parathyroid Hormone Status in People Living with HIV in Côte d’Ivoire." Asian Journal of Research in Biochemistry, April 28, 2018, 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.9734/ajrb/2018/v2i1412.

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Background: Micronutrients play an important role in the human immune system. During HIV infection, the virus utilises the micronutrients of the body, for its replication causing metabolic disorders including phosphocalcic. Parathyroid hormone (PTH), vitamin D3 (25-hydroxyvitamin D3) and calcitonin are essential for the maintenance of phosphocalcic homeostasis and the proper functioning of the body. In Côte d'Ivoire, very few studies on HIV infection and the mechanism of phosphocalcic metabolism have been done. The purpose of this study was to determine the status of 25 (OH) D3 and parathyroid hormone in people living with HIV. Methodology: The study involved 326 adults (163 HIV-positive and 163 HIV-negative as control subjects). After confirmation by HIV serologic scanning result, CD4 count was performed by flow cytometry (Facs Calibur). Assays for 25 (OH) D3 and PTH were performed by HPLC and COBAS 6000 automated systems, respectively. Results: A decrease in mean values of 25 (OH) D3 (16 ± 0.46 ng / mL) was observed in 50% of HIV-infected on ART and 87% of these patients presented a normal PTH level (28 ± 1.95 pg / mL). Deficiency of 25 (OH) D3 (20 ± 1.03 ng / mL) is higher in HIV-infected on ART who have a CD4 count < 200 cells / mL. Conclusion: Parathyroid hormone levels were normal in this study. Insufficiency or deficiency of 25-hydroxyvitamin D3 is more common in HIV-infected on ART with a CD4 count < 200 cells / mL. This decrease characterized the degree of immunodepression.

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Boyvin, Lydie, Aya Jeanne Armande Aké, Yapi Guillaume Yayé, Moumouni Faïza Alassani, Kipré Laurent Séri, Gnogbo Alexis Bahi, Louise Odile Moke-Bédji, and Joseph Allico Djaman. "PCR-RFLP of the Vitamin D Receptor Gene in Human Immunodeficiency Virus Patients Deficient in Vitamin D3 in Cote d’Ivoire." Microbiology Research Journal International, March 27, 2020, 19–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.9734/mrji/2020/v30i230194.

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Aims: This study was to identify mutations in patients’ vitamin D receptor (VDR) gene in Côte d'Ivoire, precisely in Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) patients deficient in vitamin D3. Methodology: Fifty (50) DNA extractions from peripheral blood mononuclear cells collected from HIV positive and vitamin D3 deficient patients were analyzed after verifying their integrity by quantification of genomic DNA and migration from agarose gel. The use of the restriction enzymes Dpn I, Bg III and Pst I made it possible to carry out the PCR-RLFP of the fragments Fok-1 in exon 2, Bsm-1 and Apa-1 in intron 8 and Taq-1 in exon 9. Results: The analysis of the DNA fragments Fok-1 in exon 2 and Bsm-1 in intron 8 of the VDR gene from HIV positive patients deficient in vitamin D3 showed a significantly high prevalence of mutant genotype (100% and 98%) respectively p = 0.0001. Furthermore, in this study, a prevalence of 6% of mutant genotype was observed in Taq-1 of exon 9 of the VDR gene. Conclusion: The high prevalence of mutant genotypes observed in the DNA fragments of Fok-1 in exon 2 and Bsm-1 in intron 8 of the VDR gene studied confirms the presence of mutations in the VDR gene of these patients. It would, therefore, be necessary to sequence the DNA fragments with mutations in order to identify the mutations that affect the VDR gene and that are responsible for the vitamin D3 deficiency observed in these patients.

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Séverin, Katou Yapo, Koffi N’dri Emmanuel, Gué Lieuné Alexis, N’da Philippe Kessé, Mamyrbekova-Békro Janat Akhanovna, and Békro Yves-Alain. "Characterization and Antioxidant Activity of Myrianthus arboreus Seed Oil Harvested from Cote d’Ivoire." Chemical Science International Journal, July 9, 2021, 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.9734/csji/2021/v30i630234.

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Aims: The rich and diversified Ivorian flora abounds in countless oilseed plants that certain rural populations use for the preparation of dishes. Thus, certain physical and chemical parameters and the fatty acid composition of the fat extracted from the seeds of Myrianthus arboreus from four towns in Côte d'Ivoire (Agboville; Bouaflé; Daloa and Man), were determined, in order to contribute to the development of this wild plant. Methodology and Results: Physical and chemical parameters determined by dosage comply with Codex Alimentarius standards. These parameters vary according to the harvest area and they show that the oil of Myrianthus arboreus is rich in unsaturated compounds (Iv ˃ 90; Ri = 1.472 ± 0.001) The evaluation of the antioxidant activity, carried out by spectrophotometry by trapping the radical stable DPPH, showed a weak reduction of the stable radical DPPH by the oil of Myrianthus arboreus compared to vitamin C. This investigation also made it possible to determine for the first time the fatty acid composition of the oil of Myrianthus arboreus by GC / MS; more than 90% linoleic acid is the major acid. Conclusion and Application: The oils analyzed showed very good contents of determined elements. Thus, the oil of Myrianthus arboreus could be used as well in human nutrition as in therapy. Thus, by its intrinsic characteristics, the oil from the seeds of Myrianthus arboreus is comparable to a conventional vegetable oil.

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"Côte d'Ivoire." Africa Bibliography 2003 (December 2004): 141–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0266673100000337.

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"Côte d'Ivoire." Africa Research Bulletin: Political, Social and Cultural Series 53, no. 5 (June 2016): 21002B—21002C. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-825x.2016.07056.x.

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"Côte d'Ivoire." Africa Research Bulletin: Political, Social and Cultural Series 50, no. 2 (March 2013): 19597B—19597C. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-825x.2013.04955.x.

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"Côte d'Ivoire." Africa Research Bulletin: Political, Social and Cultural Series 52, no. 5 (June 2015): 20563C. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-825x.2015.06390.x.

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"Côte d'Ivoire." Africa Research Bulletin: Economic, Financial and Technical Series 54, no. 11 (January 2018): 21939C—21940A. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-6346.2017.08052.x.

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"ENERGY: Côte d'Ivoire." Africa Research Bulletin: Economic, Financial and Technical Series 57, no. 3 (May 2020). http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-6346.2020.09457.x.

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"BAUXITE: Côte d'Ivoire." Africa Research Bulletin: Economic, Financial and Technical Series 57, no. 11 (December 31, 2020). http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-6346.2020.09836.x.

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"COTTON: Côte d'Ivoire." Africa Research Bulletin: Economic, Financial and Technical Series 49, no. 12 (February 2013): 19816B—19816C. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-6346.2013.04937.x.

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"GOLD: Côte d'Ivoire." Africa Research Bulletin: Economic, Financial and Technical Series 49, no. 12 (February 2013): 19817C—19819B. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-6346.2013.04941.x.

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"GOLD: Côte d'Ivoire." Africa Research Bulletin: Economic, Financial and Technical Series 50, no. 10 (November 23, 2013): 20178C—20179A. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-6346.2013.05475.x.

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"SOYA: Côte d'Ivoire." Africa Research Bulletin: Economic, Financial and Technical Series 44, no. 8 (October 2007): 17531C—17532A. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-6346.2007.01171.x.

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"GENERAL: Côte d'Ivoire." Africa Research Bulletin: Economic, Financial and Technical Series 51, no. 9 (November 2014): 20574C—20575B. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-6346.2014.06048.x.

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"COCOA: Côte d'Ivoire." Africa Research Bulletin: Economic, Financial and Technical Series 52, no. 1 (March 2015): 20717C—20718A. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-6346.2015.06253.x.

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"COCOA: Côte d'Ivoire." Africa Research Bulletin: Economic, Financial and Technical Series 52, no. 3 (April 27, 2015): 20790A—20790B. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-6346.2015.06369.x.

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"COCOA: Côte d'Ivoire." Africa Research Bulletin: Economic, Financial and Technical Series 52, no. 5 (July 2015): 20860A—20860C. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-6346.2015.06471.x.

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"COCOA: Côte d'Ivoire." Africa Research Bulletin: Economic, Financial and Technical Series 52, no. 12 (January 27, 2016): 21114B—21115A. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-6346.2016.06859.x.

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"COCOA: Côte d'Ivoire." Africa Research Bulletin: Economic, Financial and Technical Series 53, no. 4 (June 2016): 21258A—21258B. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-6346.2016.07060.x.

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"CASHEWS: Côte d'Ivoire." Africa Research Bulletin: Economic, Financial and Technical Series 53, no. 5 (July 2016): 21294A—21295A. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-6346.2016.07109.x.

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"BANANAS: Côte d'Ivoire." Africa Research Bulletin: Economic, Financial and Technical Series 53, no. 7 (September 2016): 21365B—21366A. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-6346.2016.07205.x.

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"COCOA: Côte d'Ivoire." Africa Research Bulletin: Economic, Financial and Technical Series 53, no. 7 (September 2016): 21366A—21366C. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-6346.2016.07206.x.

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"CASSAVA: Côte d'Ivoire." Africa Research Bulletin: Economic, Financial and Technical Series 53, no. 8 (October 2016): 21401A—21401C. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-6346.2016.07256.x.

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"POWER: Côte d'Ivoire." Africa Research Bulletin: Economic, Financial and Technical Series 53, no. 11 (January 2017): 21514B—21515B. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-6346.2016.07422.x.

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"COCOA: Côte d'Ivoire." Africa Research Bulletin: Economic, Financial and Technical Series 54, no. 9 (November 2017): 21871A—21871B. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-6346.2017.07959.x.

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"GOLD: Côte d'Ivoire." Africa Research Bulletin: Economic, Financial and Technical Series 55, no. 1 (March 2018): 22015C—22017C. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-6346.2018.08183.x.

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