Journal articles: 'Vitis riparia'

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Fort, Kevin, Joaquin Fraga, Daniele Grossi, and M. Andrew Walker. "Early Measures of Drought Tolerance in Four Grape Rootstocks." Journal of the American Society for Horticultural Science 142, no. 1 (January 2017): 36–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/jashs03919-16.

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Recent and severe droughts in major grape (Vitis)-growing regions of the United States and Australia underscore the importance of more efficient agricultural use of water. Grape rootstock breeding for increased drought tolerance could contribute to continued sustainable yields as fresh water supplies decline. Rhizotron containers were used in a greenhouse to investigate the predictive measures of drought tolerance in young grapevine rootstocks. Deeper rooting distributions were found for the drought-tolerant rootstocks ‘110R’ (Vitis berlandieri × Vitis rupestris) and ‘Ramsey’ (Vitis champinii, a natural hybrid of Vitis candicans × V. rupestris) as opposed to shallower distributions observed in the more drought-sensitive rootstocks ‘101-14Mgt’ (Vitis riparia × V. rupestris) and ‘Riparia Gloire’ (V. riparia). Production of new roots during a 6-day nonirrigated period declined 45% to 53% for ‘Riparia Gloire’ and ‘101-14Mgt’, respectively, but showed no change in ‘110R’ and ‘Ramsey’. Slow growth, a hallmark of abiotic stress tolerance, was evident in the drought-tolerant rootstocks in their relatively slow shoot growth before drought stress and their relatively slow new root growth during recovery, especially for ‘Ramsey’. High stomatal conductance (gS) corresponded with drought tolerance and distinguished rootstocks best during the first 3 days of recovery, with a mean value for ‘Ramsey’ 2.7 times higher than ‘101-14Mgt’. Stomatal conductance during recovery may serve as the most efficient means of predicting drought tolerance capacity in a breeding program.

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Esensee, Virgil, Cecil Stushnoff, and Philip L. Forsline. "CRYOPRESERVATION OF DORMANT GRAPE (Vitis sp.) BUDS." HortScience 25, no. 9 (September 1990): 1090e—1090. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.25.9.1090e.

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There is need for backup storage of clonally propagated plant cultivars of numerous taxa. Initial tests, using a protocol developed for dormant apple buds that includes desiccation and slow freezing prior to immersion in liquid nitrogen (-196 C), was not effective with `Valiant' grape. Accordingly, replicates of V. vinifera `Riesling', V. riparia, `Valiant' and a V. amurensis × riparia cross were also tested for survival at –196 C, following desiccation to 25% & 18% water (fwb) and direct immersion into liquid nitrogan. Visual and electrolyte leakage ratings following nine days of dehydration in moist peat were used to assess viability. Direct immersion of desiccated samples resulted in survival for some buds of `Valiant' and a V. amurensis × riparia cross. V. riparia showed some survival when field hydrated and at 25% water, while all buds desiccated to 18% survived. `Riesling' did not survive desiccation, and was killed by all -196 C treatments. The apple protocol was partially effective, in combination with desiccation to 18% in `Valiant' and V. riparia. This is the first report of grape bud survival in liquid nitrogen and more detailed studies are planned.

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Lowe, K. M., and M. A. Walker. "Genetic linkage map of the interspecific grape rootstock cross Ramsey (Vitis champinii) × Riparia Gloire (Vitis riparia)." Theoretical and Applied Genetics 112, no. 8 (April 11, 2006): 1582–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00122-006-0264-8.

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Burr, T. J., C. L. Reid, C. E. Adams, and E. A. Momol. "Characterization of Agrobacterium vitis Strains Isolated from Feral Vitis riparia." Plant Disease 83, no. 2 (February 1999): 102–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/pdis.1999.83.2.102.

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Agrobacterium vitis was isolated from roots of 41 of 66 feral Vitis riparia vines collected in three different regions of New York State. Two of the regions were more than 150 km from commercial vineyards. The strains were highly diverse as determined by DNA fingerprinting of the chromosomal region lying between the 16S and 23S rRNA genes. Of 24 strains examined, 15 different fingerprints were generated, and none was identical to fingerprints generated by previously identified groups of tumorigenic A. vitis strains. Results of physiological tests that were done to characterize strains from V. riparia conformed closely to those expected for A. vitis, except that 23 of 26 strains did not utilize tartrate. All strains were nontumorigenic, did not hybridize with a probe consisting of T-DNA genes, did not utilize octopine or nopaline, and carried zero to three plasmids. Of 26 strains, 7 inhibited A. vitis strain K306 from causing galls at wound sites on grape as well as or better than a previously studied nontumorigenic A. vitis strain, F2/5, that is known to have biological control activity.

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Subden, R. E., K. Carey, A. Krizus, and A. G. Meiering. "Genetic stability in the Vitis vinifera L. cv. "Chardonnay", wild accessions of Vitis riparia Michx. and the Hybrid cv. "Seyval Blanc"." Canadian Journal of Plant Science 72, no. 3 (July 1, 1992): 875–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.4141/cjps92-110.

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Using isozymes it was possible to measure the genetic stability of two cultivars and one wild species of Vitis. Comparisons of isozyme banding patterns were made between an indigenous species (Vitis riparia Michx. collected over a 1000-km range), 14 clones of an introduced long-established cultivar (Chardonnay) and vineyard accessions of a comparatively recently bred hybrid cultivar (Seyval Blanc). The isozymes acid phosphatase, glucose-6-phosphate isomerase and peptidase are polymorphic and were used as a basis for comparison. No within-cultivar differences were found for Chardonnay or Seyval Blanc but V. riparia exhibited genetic heterogeneity for each of the loci examined. Analysis of allele distributions supported the conclusion that there was no evidence of genetic isolation, that the 140 accessions of V. riparia represented one, apparently panmictic population and there was no introgression, in either direction, between V. riparia and the cultivars.Key words: Grape, genetic stability, polymorphic isozymes

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Grando, M. S., D. Bellin, K. J. Edwards, C. Pozzi, M. Stefanini, and R. Velasco. "Molecular linkage maps of Vitis vinifera L. and Vitis riparia Mchx." Theoretical and Applied Genetics 106, no. 7 (December 10, 2002): 1213–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00122-002-1170-3.

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Gautier, Antoine, Sarah J. Cookson, Loïc Lagalle, Nathalie Ollat, and Elisa Marguerit. "Influence of the three main genetic backgrounds of grapevine rootstocks on petiolar nutrient concentrations of the scion, with a focus on phosphorus." OENO One 54, no. 1 (January 24, 2020): 1–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.20870/oeno-one.2020.54.1.2458.

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Background and aims: In most viticultural areas of the world, Vitis vinifera grapevines require grafting onto phylloxera-tolerant rootstocks of American origin. The species most commonly used in rootstock creation are Vitis berlandieri, V. riparia and V. rupestris. Rootstocks not only provide tolerance to phylloxera but also ensure the supply of water and mineral nutrients to the scion. The aim of the study was to investigate the extent to which rootstocks with different genetic backgrounds modify the mineral composition of the petioles of the scion.Methods and results: Vitis vinifera cv. Cabernet-Sauvignon grapevines were grafted onto rootstocks of 13 different genotypes and planted in a vineyard in three blocks. Petiolar concentrations of 13 mineral elements at veraison (berry softening) were determined. The genetic background of the rootstock had significant effects on the mineral composition of the petioles. Use of rootstocks with a genetic background including at least one Vitis riparia parent decreased the concentration of phosphorus and magnesium and increased the concentration of sulphur in the petioles of Cabernet-Sauvignon.Conclusion: Rootstocks with a Vitis riparia genetic background confer low petiolar concentrations of phosphorus and magnesium, and conversely, high petiolar concentration of sulphur.Significance of the study: The kind of rootstock onto which a grapevine has been grafted is known to influence the nutrient content of the scion. The results of the study show a significant relation between the genetic background of a rootstock and its ability to modify concentrations of phosphorus, magnesium and sulphur in the petioles of the scion under field conditions.

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Filler, Debbv M., James J. Luby, and Peter D. Ascher. "REPRODUCTIVE EXPRESSION OF GENETIC INCONGRUITY IN Fl PROGENY OF INTERSPECIFIC CROSSES OF VITIS." HortScience 27, no. 6 (June 1992): 601d—601. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.27.6.601d.

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Three classes of crosses using four genotypes of V. riparia (wild Riverbank grape) as maternal parents were evaluated for evidence of reproductive expression of genetic incongruity. The classes were: I V. riparia x V. vinifera cultivars (European domesticated grape); II V. riparia x French Hybrids (complex interspecific hybrids); III V. riparia x V. riparia. Percent fruit set and seeds per berry were recorded for two years. If incongruity is a factor in interspecific grape crosses, then the values for these traits would be expected to be lower in classes I and II than in class III. Analysis of variance indicated significant differences for some half-sib families. Fruit and seed set were lower in classes I and II than in class III, suggesting that incongruity is operative in wide grape crosses. In the process of creating French hybrids, genomes of several species came together over generations of hybridization. In concert with selection for fertility, repeated interspecific genomic exposure would be expected to have ameliorated the effects of initial incongruity between American species and V. vinifera, increasing their value as genetic bridges in breeding programs.

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Cookson, Sarah Jane, Cyril Hevin, Martine Donnart, and Nathalie Ollat. "Grapevine rootstock effects on scion biomass are not associated with large modifications of primary shoot growth under nonlimiting conditions in the first year of growth." Functional Plant Biology 39, no. 8 (2012): 650. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/fp12071.

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In grapevine (Vitis vinifera L.), rootstocks are known to alter scion development by modifying stem weight and yield. The aim of this work was to evaluate the contribution of primary growth to the rootstock effects on scion biomass. The shoot growth of Vitis vinifera cv. Cabernet Sauvignon N autografted and grafted onto Vitis riparia cv. Riparia Gloire de Montpellier and Vitis berlandieri × V. rupestris cv. 1103 Paulsen was studied in young plants grown in pots trained to one stem in two experiments. Stem elongation and phytomer emergence were studied from grafting until the end of the growth season. The elongation of the Cabernet Sauvignon N leaves, tendrils and internodes of each phytomer along the stem was fitted using sigmoid curves. The rootstocks studied slightly altered the growth dynamics of the leaves, internodes and tendrils of the scion. This is the first study to examine the effect of rootstocks on shoot growth dynamics in any species. The alterations in primary growth were small, suggesting that rootstocks may alter scion biomass principally by modifying secondary growth.

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Kevan, Paeter G., Robert W. Longair, and Randy M. Gadawski. "Dioecy and pollen dimorphism in Vitis riparia (Vitaceae)." Canadian Journal of Botany 63, no. 12 (December 1, 1985): 2263–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/b85-321.

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The breeding system of Vitis riparia Michx. hitherto has not been investigated. Field observations indicated that two morphs exist, one that produces fruit, and another that does not. Through experimental cross- and self-pollinations it was found that V. riparia is functionally dioecious in southern Ontario. Further, it was found that male plants produce functional spherical tricolporate pollen, whereas female plants produce inaperturate pollen of the same diameter, 23 μm, that cannot bring about fertilization. The sex ratios found at seven locations were skewed slightly, but significantly, in favour of male plants (average 0.567). Pollination is brought about by wind, probably supplemented to a greater or lesser extent by insects which feed on the cytoplasm-filled pollen of both sexes.

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11

Fennell, Anne, and Emily Hoover. "Photoperiod Influences Growth, Bud Dormancy, and Cold Acclimation in Vitis labruscana and V. riparia." Journal of the American Society for Horticultural Science 116, no. 2 (March 1991): 270–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/jashs.116.2.270.

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The grape species Vitis labruscana Bailey and V. riparia Michx. were subjected to a decreasing photoperiod at constant moderate temperatures to determine whether acclimation occurred in response to a shortening photoperiod. Cane growth, periderm development, killing temperature of the primary bud, and bud dormancy were measured in vines receiving a natural photoperiod (ND), a simulated long photoperiod of 15 hours (LD), and shorter photoperiods of 14, 13, or 12 hours (SD). The LD treatment was effective at maintaining growth and inhibiting periderm development and the onset of bud dormancy in V. labruscana. Cane growth rate with all SD treatments decreased as compared to the LD regime. A significant increase in periderm development occurred with the 12-hour SD treatment. Similarly, the onset of bud dormancy was promoted by the 12-hour SD in V. labruscana. The primary bud killing temperature was 1C lower in V. labruscana under the 12-hour SD than under the LD treatment. In contrast, the LD treatment neither maintained growth nor fully inhibited periderm development and the onset of dormancy in V. riparia. The decrease in the cane growth rate upon exposure to SD was significantly greater in V. riparia than V. labruscana. Periderm development was observed in both the SD and its respective LD-treated V. riparia vines. However, the rate of periderm development was significantly greater in the SD vines than in the LD vines. The onset of bud dormancy was promoted by 13-hour SD in V. riparia. Similarly, the primary bud killing temperature was 2 to 3C lower in V. riparia upon exposure to SD. Vitis riparia has a longer critical photoperiod than V. labruscana and appears to be more sensitive to changes in light intensity or light quality. While the change in freezing tolerance in response to short photoperiods is small, the photoperiod response at a longer critical photoperiod, when combined with lower temperatures, will promote an earlier and possibly more rapid cold acclimation in V. riparia than in V. labruscana.

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Boddington, Kelly F., and Steffen P. Graether. "Binding of a Vitis riparia dehydrin to DNA." Plant Science 287 (October 2019): 110172. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.plantsci.2019.110172.

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Triches, Willian dos Santos, Daniel Pazzini Eckhardt, Elisandra Nunes da Silva, Marcos Gabbardo, Fabio Clasen Chaves, Jessica Fernanda Hoffmann, Giovana Paula Zandoná, and Cesar Valmor Rombaldi. "Physico-chemical characterization of wines produced by different rootstock and Vitis vinifera cv. Tannat clones in vineyards of subtropical climate region." SEPTEMBER 2020, no. 14(9):2020 (September 20, 2020): 1506–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.21475/ajcs.20.14.09.p2644.

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Tannat wine trees are well characterized in Uruguay and the French region of Madiran for their high colour and phenolic concentrations. In addition to the cultivar, the rootstock, clone and region of production can influence the phenolic concentrations of wines. In this context, this study evaluated the rootstocks 'SO4' (Vitis berlandieri x Vitis riparia), 'Gravesac' ('161-49C' x '3309C') and '3309C' (Vitis riparia x Vitis rupestris) grafted with Tannat cultivar clones ('Californian', '944', '717', '398' and '794') to assess the physicochemical, phenolic and sensorial composition of the wine produced in the Campanha Gaúcha (RS) region, Southern Brazil, in a subtropical climate region. A vineyard planted in 2007 was used in this study (for 3 years during 2015, 2016 and 2017). The wine composition and the sensorial profile were evaluated as dependent variables. This study showed that the rootstocks and the Tannat clones did not influence the dependent variables evaluated and that the genetic materials and their combinations presented high oenological potential, providing wines with high alcohol content, colour and phenolic compound concentrations. This study suggests the diversification of rootstocks and clones as a way of increasing genetic variability, avoiding the cultivation of a single rootstock and clone.

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Jásik, J. "Cytological characteristic of two strains of grapevine (Vitis riparia × Vitis labrusca) callus culture." Biologia Plantarum 30, no. 2 (March 1988): 100–103. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf02878475.

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Barrios-Masias, Felipe H., Thorsten Knipfer, M. Andrew Walker, and Andrew J. McElrone. "Differences in hydraulic traits of grapevine rootstocks are not conferred to a common Vitis vinifera scion." Functional Plant Biology 46, no. 3 (2019): 228. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/fp18110.

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Cultivars of grapevine are commonly grafted onto rootstocks to improve resistance against biotic and abiotic stress, however, it is not clear whether known differences in hydraulic traits are conferred from rootstocks to a common scion. We recently found that Vitis riparia and Vitis champinii differed in drought-induced embolism susceptibility and repair, which was related to differences in root pressure generation after rewatering (Knipfer et al. 2015). In the present study, we tested whether these and other physiological responses to drought are conferred to a common V. vinifera scion (Cabernet Sauvignon) grafted on V. riparia and V. champinii rootstocks. We measured xylem embolism formation/repair using in vivo microCT imaging, which was accompanied with analysis of leaf gas exchange, osmotic adjustment and root pressure. Our data indicate that differences in scion physiological behaviour for both rootstock combinations were negligible, suggesting that the sensitivity of Cabernet Sauvignon scion to xylem embolism formation/repair, leaf gas exchange and osmotic adjustment is unaffected by either V. riparia or V. champinii rootstock in response to drought stress.

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Catling, Paul M., and G. Mitrow. "The dune race of Vitis riparia in Ontario: Taxonomy, conservation and biogeography." Canadian Journal of Plant Science 85, no. 2 (April 1, 2005): 407–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.4141/p03-084.

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Although poorly known, the native dune grape, Vitis riparia Michaux var. syrticola (Fernald & Wiegand) Fernald, is a potentially important source of valuable traits for the improvement of cultivated grapes. In order to clarify its taxonomic and conservation status in Ontario and to evaluate ecological and geographic patterns, data were collected from 623 specimens from 10 herbaria. In addition, five plants referable to var. syrticola with densely hairy petioles and five referable to var. riparia with glabrous petioles were cultivated in a greenhouse under uniform mesic conditions. Although the sample was considered reliable, there was no bimodal pattern in the putatively distinctive dense pubescence to support taxonomic recognition of var. syrticola; it may be referred to simply as “the dune race.” Cultivated plants retained their initial pubescence characteristics for 3 consecutive years, suggesting that the character is relatively stable. Plants referable to the dune race with dense pubescence occurred in extremely dry and open natural habitats and occurred significantly more often than expected on shoreline sand dunes of the Great Lakes. In contrast, plants without hair or less pubescent were significantly under-represented in dry habitats and shoreline dunes. While Vitis riparia is widespread in southern Ontario, the pubescent race is restricted and has a predominantly Great-Lakes-shoreline distribution pattern. It has been reported from only 43 locations and is considered vulnerable to decline. Key words: Grape, Vitis, Ontario, germplasm protection, crop relative

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Londo, J., and T. Martinson. "GEOGRAPHIC TREND OF BUD HARDINESS RESPONSE IN VITIS RIPARIA." Acta Horticulturae, no. 1082 (April 2015): 299–304. http://dx.doi.org/10.17660/actahortic.2015.1082.41.

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Kocsis, L., J. Granett, and M. A. Walker. "Performance of Hungarian phylloxera strains on Vitis riparia rootstocks." Journal of Applied Entomology 126, no. 10 (December 2002): 567–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1439-0418.2002.00709.x.

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Ardenghi, Nicola M. G., Enrico Banfi, and Gabriele Galasso. "A taxonomic survey of the genus Vitis L. (Vitaceae) in Italy, part II: the ‘Euro-American’ hybrids." Phytotaxa 224, no. 3 (September 2, 2015): 232. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.224.3.2.

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New names are assigned to two ‘Euro-American’ nothospecies of Vitis originating from the artificial crossing of Euro-Mediterranean V. vinifera with two American species, employed both as rootstocks and for wine production, and spontaneously occurring in Italy and other European countries: V. ×bacoi (= V. riparia × V. vinifera) and V. ×goliath (= V. riparia × V. rupestris × V. vinifera). Original and detailed descriptions, illustrations and information on distribution and ecology are provided, along with an updated identification key. Late-season leaf pigmentation, presence/absence of phylloxera galls, ripe berries flavor, and seed morphology proved to be useful characters for the identification of the treated species and nothospecies. Nomenclatural aspects regarding V. riparia × V. vinifera are also discussed.

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Hawey, Connor, Paul Harpley, and Rob Milne. "Habitat use by Veery (Catharus fuscescens) in southern Ontario." Canadian Field-Naturalist 134, no. 4 (March 12, 2021): 321–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.22621/cfn.v134i4.2239.

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Veery (Catharus fuscescens) is a breeding migrant thrush that nests throughout much of the temperate forests within Canada. Habitat loss and degradation is thought to be responsible for a steady decline in Veery populations since 1970. We studied habitat characteristics of occupied Veery territories versus unoccupied adjacent areas in southern Ontario during the 2016 breeding season. Occupied territories were characterized as riparian deciduous forests dominated by ash (Fraxinus spp.), Black Cherry (Prunus serotina), and Red Maple (Acer rubrum) trees with an understorey of Balsam Fir (Abies balsamea) and ferns (order Polypodiales); the presence of fruit-producing plants such as Riverbank Grape (Vitis riparia) and Bunchberry (Cornus canadensis) also was important.

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Arroyo-García, Rosa, Francois Lefort, María Teresa de Andrés, Javier Ibáñez, Joaquín Borrego, Nicolas Jouve, Felix Cabello, and José Miguel Martínez-Zapater. "Chloroplast microsatellite polymorphisms in Vitis species." Genome 45, no. 6 (December 1, 2002): 1142–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/g02-087.

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The use of consensus chloroplast microsatellites primers for dicotyledonous chloroplast genomes revealed the existence of intra and interspecific length variation within the genus Vitis. Three chloroplast microsatellite loci were found to be polymorphic in samples of Vitis vinifera, Vitis berlandieri, Vitis riparia, and Vitis rupestris out of a total of 10 consensus primer pairs tested. These polymorphisms were always due to a variable number of mononucleotide residues within A and (or) T stretches in the amplified regions. Chloroplast microsatellite polymorphisms were used to demonstrate the maternal inheritance of chloroplast in V. vinifera and to characterise the chloroplast haplotypes present in wine grape cultivars of this species grown in Spain and Greece. The different distribution of haplotype frequencies in the two ends of the Mediterranean growth area suggests the existence of independent domestication events for grapevine.Key words: Vitis, grapevine, chloroplast microsatellites, chloroplast haplotypes, chloroplast inheritance, grapevine domestication.

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Рубцов, А. Ф., and Н. О. Гавриленко. "КОЛЕКЦІЯ РОСЛИН РОДИНИ VITACEAE JUSS. В ДЕНДРОЛОГІЧНОМУ ПАРКУ "АСКАНІЯ-НОВА"." Вісті Біосферного заповідника «Асканія-Нова», no. 21 (April 14, 2021): 284–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.53904/1682-2374/2019-21/42.

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Проаналізовано історію формування і розвитку колекції рослин родини Vitaceae у дендропарку "Асканія-Нова". За понад століття тут було випробувано 17 видів та 6 форм виноградових. Натепер культивуються рослини 8 таксонів з 3 родів: Vitis – 5 видів; Parthenocissus – 1 вид, 1 форма; Ampelopsis – 1 вид. Найдовше, більше 100 років, вирощується у парку Parthenocissus quinquefolia; 70 років – Vitis vinifera, 69 років – V. аmurensis, 60 років – V. labrusca, 40 років – V. сhampini, майже 20 років – V. riparia, Ampelopsis japonica. Вони є перспективними для використання в озелененні регіону.

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Brighenti, Alberto Fontanella, Leo Rufato, Aike Anneliese Kretzschmar, and Caroline Schlemper. "Desempenho vitivinícola da Cabernet Sauvignon sobre diferentes porta-enxertos em região de altitude de Santa Catarina." Revista Brasileira de Fruticultura 33, no. 1 (April 20, 2011): 096–102. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0100-29452011005000039.

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Apesar de os porta-enxertos serem usados primariamente como uma forma de resistência a pragas, eles são uma ligação entre o solo e a copa, e desempenham um papel importante na adaptação da videira a fatores ambientais. O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar três porta-enxertos e dois sistemas de condução na produtividade do vinhedo, no crescimento da copa e nas características físicas dos frutos. O experimento foi conduzido em um vinhedo experimental da Epagri - Estação Experimental de São Joaquim, localizada no município de Painel (28°01'02"S e 50°08'57"O, altitude 1.200 m). O trabalho foi executado com a cultivar Cabernet Sauvignon, enxertada sobre Paulsen 1.103 (Vitis berlandieri x Vitis rupestris), Couderc 3309 (Vitis riparia x Vitis rupestris) e 1.014-14 Mgt (Vitis riparia x Vitis rupestris), em dois sistemas de condução, espaldeira e manjedoura, com cinco anos de idade, no espaçamento de 3,0 x 1,5 m. O experimento foi avaliado nas safras de 2007/08 e 2008/09. Os tratamentos porta-enxerto e sistema de condução foram arranjados em um fatorial (3 x 2). O delineamento utilizado foi o de blocos ao acaso, com quatro blocos e 20 plantas por parcela. Foram avaliados a área foliar, a produtividade médias das plantas, o índice de Ravaz, o peso de material podado, o peso de cachos, peso de 50 bagas, o número de bagas por cacho, o diâmetro das bagas, os teores de sólidos solúveis, a acidez total, o pH, os teores de antocianinas, o índice de polifenóis totais e os taninos. Plantas enxertadas em Paulsen 1103 apresentaram as menores produtividades e as maiores áreas foliares. 3.309C é o porta-enxerto menos vigoroso e interfere de maneira positiva na frutificação efetiva, pois produz maior número de bagas por cacho e bagas mais pesadas. Os porta-enxertos 1.103P e 101-14 Mgt, apresentam os melhores resultados para antocianinas.

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Radulović, N., P. Blagojević, and R. Palić. "Volatiles of the Grape Hybrid Cultivar Othello (Vitis viniferax (Vitis labruscaxVitis riparia)) Cultivated in Serbia." Journal of Essential Oil Research 22, no. 6 (November 2010): 616–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10412905.2010.9700415.

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Bettoni, Jean Carlos, Aike Anneliese Kretzschmar, Remi Bonnart, Ashley Shepherd, and Gayle M. Volk. "Cryopreservation of 12 Vitis Species Using Apical Shoot Tips Derived from Plants Grown In Vitro." HortScience 54, no. 6 (June 2019): 976–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci13958-19.

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The availability of and easy access to diverse Vitis species are prerequisites for advances in breeding programs. Plant genebanks usually maintain collections of Vitis taxa as field collections that are vulnerable to biotic and abiotic stresses. Cryopreservation has been considered an ideal method of preserving these collections as safety back-ups in a cost-effective manner. We report a droplet vitrification method used to cryopreserve 12 Vitis species (Vitis vinifera cvs. Chardonnay and ‘Riesling, V. actinifolia, V. aestivalis, V. jacquemontii, V. flexuosa, V. palmata, V. riparia, V. rupestris, V. sylvestris, V. ficifolia, V. treleasi, and V. ×novae angeliae) using shoot tips excised from plants grown in vitro. Our results demonstrated wide applicability of this technique, with regrowth levels at least 43% for 13 genotypes representing 12 Vitis species. We demonstrated that the droplet vitrification procedure can be successfully replicated by technical staff, thus suggesting that this method is ready for implementation.

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Santarosa, Emiliano, Paulo Vitor Dutra de Souza, Jorge Ernesto de Araújo Mariath, and Gil Vicente Lourosa. "Alterações anatômicas do sistema vascular em porta-enxertos de videira." Pesquisa Agropecuária Brasileira 51, no. 4 (April 2016): 320–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0100-204x2016000400004.

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Resumo: O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a ocorrência de alterações do padrão de vascularização de porta-enxertos de videira. Utilizaram-se os genótipos Paulsen 1103 (Vitis berlandieri x Vitis rupestris), MGT 101-14 (Vitis riparia x V. rupestris) e SO4 (V. berlandieri x V. riparia). O experimento foi conduzido em delineamento de blocos ao acaso com três tratamentos (genótipos) e dez plantas por parcela. Avaliaram-se as variáveis de crescimento vegetativo dos porta-enxertos e, por meio de cortes histológicos realizados no ápice, na porção mediana e na base dos ramos, as anatômicas. As diferenças no sistema vascular tornaram-se maiores do ápice para a base dos ramos. Os genótipos SO4 e Paulsen 1103 apresentaram maior área de xilema na base dos ramos, 2,61 e 2,51 mm2, respectivamente, e maior diâmetro dos vasos, 45,8 e 47,2 μm, respectivamente, em comparação ao MGT 101-14 que apresentou 1,60 mm2 de xilema e 34,1 μm de diâmetro dos vasos. Ocorreram modificações também na frequência dos vasos. A área de xilema, o diâmetro e a frequência dos vasos estão relacionados ao crescimento vegetativo dos porta-enxertos. As alterações do padrão de vascularização podem ser um critério para a escolha de porta-enxertos, em razão de sua influência sobre os processos fisiológicos.

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Vandelle, Elodie, Pietro Ariani, Alice Regaiolo, Davide Danzi, Arianna Lovato, Claudia Zadra, Nicola Vitulo, Giorgio Gambino, and Annalisa Polverari. "The Grapevine E3 Ubiquitin Ligase VriATL156 Confers Resistance against the Downy Mildew Pathogen Plasmopara viticola." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 22, no. 2 (January 19, 2021): 940. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms22020940.

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Downy mildew, caused by Plasmopara viticola, is one of the most severe diseases of grapevine (Vitis vinifera L.). Genetic resistance is an effective and sustainable control strategy, but major resistance genes (encoding receptors for specific pathogen effectors) introgressed from wild Vitis species, although effective, may be non-durable because the pathogen can evolve to avoid specific recognition. Previous transcriptomic studies in the resistant species Vitis riparia highlighted the activation of signal transduction components during infection. The transfer of such components to V. vinifera might confer less specific and therefore more durable resistance. Here, we describe the generation of transgenic V. vinifera lines constitutively expressing the V. riparia E3 ubiquitin ligase gene VriATL156. Phenotypic and molecular analysis revealed that the transgenic plants were less susceptible to P. viticola than vector-only controls, confirming the role of this E3 ubiquitin ligase in the innate immune response. Two independent transgenic lines were selected for detailed analysis of the resistance phenotype by RNA-Seq and microscopy, revealing the profound reprogramming of transcription to achieve resistance that operates from the earliest stages of pathogen infection. The introduction of VriATL156 into elite grapevine cultivars could therefore provide an effective and sustainable control measure against downy mildew.

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Dhekney, Sadanand A., Zhijian T. Li, Michael E. Compton, and Dennis J. Gray. "Optimizing Initiation and Maintenance of Vitis Embryogenic Cultures." HortScience 44, no. 5 (August 2009): 1400–1406. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.44.5.1400.

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Stamens and pistils from mature grapevines and leaves from in vitro micropropagation cultures were used to optimize parameters influencing somatic embryogenesis in Vitis. Embryogenic competence was dependent on species/variety, explant type and developmental stage, medium composition, and growth regulator concentration. Of varieties evaluated, a greater number produced embryogenic cultures from stamens and pistils (26) compared with leaves (six). Among the different stamen and pistil stages, Stage II and III explants produced the maximum embryogenic response regardless of genotype and medium composition. Of seven culture media tested, the highest embryogenic response was recorded from varieties cultured on MSI (18) and PIV (16) media. Experiments annually repeated over 3 to 10 years demonstrated reproducible results. Highly reliable protocols for somatic embryogenesis were obtained for 29 Vitis species and varieties, including 18 Vitis vinifera varieties, Vitis riparia, Vitis rupestris, Vitis champinii, and eight Vitis hybrids. Embryogenic cultures were maintained on X6 medium for a period of 6 months to 2 years depending on the variety and used in studies involving genetic transformation and transgenic plant regeneration.

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Sefc, K. M., J. GlÃ¶Î²l, H. Steinkellner, and F. Regner. "BROAD RANGE GENOTYPING USING MICROSATELLITE MARKERS IDENTIFIED IN VITIS RIPARIA." Acta Horticulturae, no. 528 (May 2000): 111–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.17660/actahortic.2000.528.13.

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Garris, Amanda, Lindsay Clark, Chris Owens, Steven McKay, James Luby, Kathy Mathiason, and Anne Fennell. "Mapping of Photoperiod-induced Growth Cessation in the Wild Grape Vitis riparia." Journal of the American Society for Horticultural Science 134, no. 2 (March 2009): 261–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/jashs.134.2.261.

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In grapevines (Vitis spp.), the timing of growth cessation in the fall is an important aspect of adaptation and a key objective in breeding new grape cultivars suitable for continental climates. Growth cessation is a complex biological process that is initiated by environmental cues such as daylength and temperature, as well as water and nutrient availability. The genetic control of growth cessation in grapevines was studied by mapping quantitative trait loci (QTL) in a hybrid grape population. An F2 mapping population was developed by selfing a single F1 plant derived from a cross between an accession of the North American species Vitis riparia and the Vitis hybrid wine cultivar Seyval (Seyve-Villard 5–276). A linkage map was constructed using 115 simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers and six candidate genes in a population of 119 F2 progeny. The markers provided coverage of the 19 Vitis linkage groups with an average distance between markers of 8.4 cM. The critical photoperiod for growth cessation in lateral buds for the parents and F2 progeny was determined in a replicated field trial in 2001 and 2002 and under controlled photoperiod treatments in a greenhouse in 2002, 2003, and 2004. QTL analysis using composite interval mapping identified a single major QTL in the field and greenhouse trials. However, the field and greenhouse QTL mapped to different linkage groups in the two different environments, suggesting the presence of additional, nonphotoperiodic cues for induction of growth cessation in the field. In the greenhouse, where noninducing temperatures were maintained, a QTL on linkage group (LG) 13 explained 80.0% to 96.6% of the phenotypic variance of critical photoperiod for growth cessation. In the field, where vines experienced natural fluctuations in temperature and rainfall in addition to the naturally decreasing photoperiod, a QTL on LG 11 explained 85.4% to 94.3% of phenotypic variance.

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Timmons, Susan A., Usher Posluszny, and Jean M. Gerrath. "Morphological and anatomical development in the Vitaceae. IX. Comparative ontogeny and phylogenetic implications of Vitis rotundifolia Michx." Canadian Journal of Botany 85, no. 9 (September 2007): 850–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/b07-077.

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The grape family, Vitaceae, is an economically important fruit family. Although the Vitaceae have been used for conservation, viticulture, and horticulture, little is known about the phylogenetic relationships of this family. Recent phylogenetic reconstructions using DNA data have disagreed with traditional classifications and other DNA-based phylogenies by grouping Vitis and Cissus species within one clade and linking Vitis rotundifolia Michx. (muscadine grape) more closely with these Cissus species. This study uses comparative developmental morphology as an independent method to investigate whether V. rotundifolia is more similar to Cissus antarctica Vent. (kangaroo vine) than other Vitis species. Results obtained using epi-illumination light microscopy and histology were compared with those from similar studies of Vitis ‘Ventura’, Vitis riparia Michx., and C. antarctica. Twelve vegetative and floral characters including axillary bud dorsiventrality, uncommitted primordium shape, calyptra, and ring-shaped gynoecial disk placed V. rotundifolia in with other Vitis species. Only two characters, stipule timing and simple tendrils, were common to C. antarctica and V. rotundifolia, suggesting that V. rotundifolia is more similar to Vitis spp. than to C. antarctica, and supporting traditional classifications contrary to ITS1 and trnL DNA phylogenies.

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Pittcock, J. Kim, and Richard E. Durham. "Evaluation of Vitis Species Found in Selected Locations of Texas and New Mexico." HortScience 31, no. 4 (August 1996): 621a—621. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.31.4.621a.

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North American Vitis species and hybrids thereof have been the source of rootstocks for V. vinifera for the last century. Collection and evaluation of native Vitis in north-central Texas, western Texas, and New Mexico have been made to determine their current status. Known geographical pockets of grapevines were visited, with specimens taken and identified by comparison to herbarium collections and published descriptions. In locals where more than one species existed, many natural hybrids with varying morphological characteristics have become established. In North Central Texas, two areas were visited. The first was Tarrant, Parker and Wise counties where three grapevine species (V. mustangensis, V. cinerea var. helleri, and V. vulpina) and many hybrids were observed. The second was Wilbarger County where V. acerifolia was found growing in the south while V. ×doaniana was found growing in the north. West Texas was primarily populated with V. acerifolia with the exception of the Silver Falls Canyon area in Crosby County where hybrids of V. acerifolia, V. arizonica and V. riparia were observed. In New Mexico, two areas were visited: San Miquel County (North Central region), where V. acerifolia, V. arizonica, and V. riparia were observed and Eddy County (southern New Mexico) where V. arizonica was observed. A rich diversity of Vitis germplasm appears to remain in these habitats.

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33

Sefc, Kristina M., Ferdinand Regner, Eva Turetschek, Josef Glössl, and Herta Steinkellner. "Identification of microsatellite sequences in Vitis riparia and their applicability for genotyping of different Vitis species." Genome 42, no. 3 (June 1, 1999): 367–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/g98-168.

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A Vitis riparia genomic library was screened for the presence of (GA)n simple sequence repeats (SSR) and 18 primer pairs yielding amplification products of the expected size were designed. Heterologous amplification with the primer pairs in related species (V. rupestris, V. berlandieri, V. labrusca, V. cinerea, V. aestivalis, V. vinifera, and interspecific hybrids) was successful in most primer-species combinations. Therefore, the new markers are applicable to the genotyping of a range of Vitis species. Variations in the SSR flanking sequence were detected between and within the species. The degree of polymorphism and performance of the markers were determined in up to 120 individuals of V. vinifera. Four of fifteen alleles per locus were detected and expected heterozygosity ranged between 0.37 and 0.88. Null alleles were shown to be present at two loci by a lack of heterozygous individuals and by transmission of the null alleles in a controlled cross. Regular Mendelian inheritance is indicated for all but one loci by a preliminary segregation analysis in 36 offspring. Thirteen of the markers were found suitable for the genotyping of grapevines (V. vinifera).Key words: microsatellites, simple sequence repeats, Vitis.

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34

Johnson, Kameka Latoya, Heather Cronin, Cheryl L. Reid, and Thomas J. Burr. "Distribution of Agrobacterium vitis in Grapevines and Its Relevance to Pathogen Elimination." Plant Disease 100, no. 4 (April 2016): 791–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/pdis-08-15-0931-re.

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Agrobacterium vitis, the cause of crown gall disease on grapevine, survives internally in vines and can be spread in cuttings for propagation. The possibility of generating pathogen-free vines through tissue culture makes it essential to understand the distribution of the pathogen in grapevines. A highly sensitive magnetic capture hybridization procedure along with real-time polymerase chain reaction were used to measure the distribution of tumorigenic A. vitis in dormant canes and green shoots of grapevines. Tumorigenic A. vitis was distributed from the basal to apical nodal and internodal tissues of canes as well as in nonlignified green shoots. In experiments conducted in 2013, A. vitis was detected in up to 17% of shoot tips and 52% of meristems of greenhouse-grown plants initiated from known A. vitis-contaminated cuttings. A lower frequency of detection was observed from surface-disinfected shoot tips (7%) as compared with nondisinfected tips (37%), suggesting epiphytic survival on green tissues. In 2014, vines propagated from cuttings collected from crown gall-infected vines from a different vineyard yielded lower incidences of A. vitis from shoot tips, and the bacterium was not detected in meristems. Tumorigenic A. vitis was also detected in cuttings of wild grapevines (Vitis riparia) that were collected both adjacent to and far removed from commercial vineyards.

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ARDENGHI, NICOLA M. G., GABRIELE GALASSO, ENRICO BANFI, ANTONIO ZOCCOLA, BRUNO FOGGI, and LORENZO LASTRUCCI. "A taxonomic survey of the genus Vitis L. (Vitaceae) in Italy, with special reference to Elba Island (Tuscan Archipelago)." Phytotaxa 166, no. 3 (April 25, 2014): 163. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.166.3.1.

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As resulted from recent floristic investigations conducted in southern and central Europe, the genus Vitis proved to be, in these areas, an intricate critical group, whose interpretation, often influenced by ampelographic approaches, needed to be clarified in a strict taxonomic sense. The current paper analyzes the taxonomy and the distribution of seven taxa recorded in Italy and assigns new names to three nothospecies, naturalized and/or invasive in additional European countries: V. ×instabilis (= V. riparia × V. rupestris), V. ×koberi (= V. berlandieri × V. riparia), V. ×ruggerii (= V. berlandieri × V. rupestris). Nomenclatural and systematic aspects regarding V. vinifera are also discussed. Original and detailed descriptions, identification keys, illustrations and information on distribution and ecology are provided.

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Timmons, Susan A., Usher Posluszny, and Jean M. Gerrath. "Morphological and anatomical development in the Vitaceae. X. Comparative ontogeny and phylogenetic implications of Cissus quadrangularis L." Canadian Journal of Botany 85, no. 9 (September 2007): 860–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/b07-076.

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Although the grape family, Vitaceae, is of great economic importance, there is little understanding of the relationships between and within the genera. Recent DNA-based phylogenies of the Vitaceae have disagreed with traditional classifications by grouping some Cissus species (e.g., Cissus antarctica Vent.) in a clade with Vitis species, while placing other Cissus species (e.g., Cissus quadrangularis L.) in a monophyletic clade. This study investigates Cissus phylogeny using epi-illumination light microscopy and histological ontogenetic comparisons of vegetative and reproductive characters of Vitis rotundifolia (Forssk.) Vahl, Vitis ‘Ventura’, Vitis riparia Michx., C. antarctica, and C. quadrangularis. Ten characters limited to the Cissus species (connection of stipules, precocious axillary bud initiation, prophyll growth not obviously unequal, timing of mature shoot architecture on axillary buds, lack of spiral inflorescence branching, absence of calyptra, petals closely enveloping anthers, large gynoecial disk, ovary buried in the disk, and production of copious amounts of nectar) support the traditional phylogenies: the monophyly of Vitis and the exclusion of Cissus species from Vitis. The comparison of C. antarctica (Vitis–Cissus clade) and C. quadrangularis (monophyletic Cissus clade) supports the division of Cissus into two clades based on supernumerary buds, stipule connectivity, uncommitted primordium shape, and inflorescence branching patterns.

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Gerrath, Jean M., and Usher Posluszny. "Morphological and anatomical development in the Vitaceae. I. Vegetative development in Vitis riparia." Canadian Journal of Botany 66, no. 2 (February 1, 1988): 209–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/b88-037.

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The vegetative development of natural populations of Vitis riparia is reported in detail for the first time, using a combination of three-dimensional and histological techniques. The initiation of both uncommitted primordia (which can develop into either inflorescences or tendrils) and leaf primordia is documented and correlated with their position in the primordium initiation cycle. There are four possible states: (i) a leaf at a lower tendril node, which arises on the flank of a dome-shaped apex directly above a leaf; (ii) a leaf at either an upper tendril node or a tendrilless node, which arises on the flank of a broad apex directly above a tendril; (iii) a lower uncommitted primordium, which arises very high on the apical flank, separated from the subjacent leaf by the initiation of one primordium on the opposite side of the apex; and (iv) an upper uncommitted primordium, which arises on the apical flank, separated from the subjacent leaf by the initiation of two primordia on the opposite side of the apex. This study shows that there is evidence to support the view that the uncommitted primordium is both terminal and lateral. We have extended the reports of the presence of tendril hydathodes in Vitis to this species. Axillary bud initiation and development are the same as has been reported for other species of Vitis, with each winter bud being initiated in the axil of the basal prophyll of the previous one.

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Vincent, Charles, Stéphane Dumont, and Pierre de Tonnancour. "The grape rootworm, Fidia viticida (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae), newly recorded from Quebec." Communication brève 97, no. 1 (July 13, 2017): 17–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/1040511ar.

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The occurrence of the North American native grape rootworm, Fidia viticida Walsh (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae), is reported for the first time in Quebec. During the summer of 2016, adults were beaten from Virginia creeper, Parthenocissus quinquefolia, and riverbank grape, Vitis riparia, along the Papineau-Leblanc Highway in Laval, Quebec. Fidia viticida is a pest of cultivated grapes in the Lake Erie area. Its current pest status in Canada is unknown.

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Flexas, Jaume, Luke Hendrickson, and Wah Soon Chow. "Photoinactivation of photosystem II in high light-acclimated grapevines." Functional Plant Biology 28, no. 8 (2001): 755. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/pp99210.

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Grapevines are considered well adapted to high irradiance during growth. It is still controversial, however, whether photoinactivation of photosystem II is completely avoided in high light-acclimated grapevines growing in the field. This study examines the functional stability of PSII in leaf discs (floated on water) of field-grown, high light-acclimated grapevines as a function of photon exposure. Measuring functional PSII units by flash-induced oxygen evolution, it was found that the susceptibility of PSII to photoinactivation was less in sun-exposed leaves than shade leaves of Vitis riparia Michaux, and enhanced by lincomycin, an inhibitor of chloroplast-encoded protein synthesis. Vitis vinifera L. cv. Chardonnay, grown in a glasshouse with slightly lower irradiance, exhibited an intermediate susceptibility. Significantly, the dark-relaxed quantum efficiency of PSII, measured as (Fm – Fo)/Fm, where Fm and Fo are the chlorophyll (Chl) fluorescence yields for closed and open reaction centres, respectively, declined much more slowly than did the number of functional PSII units in V. riparia. Thus, measurements of (Fm – Fo)/Fm may give an impression of little photoinactivation of PSII, even when nearly half of functional PSII units may be lost. By contrast, the parameter 1/Fo – 1/Fm is a more linear indicator of functional PSII units. The results indicate that grapevines may suffer photoinactivation of PSII, at least when leaf discs are floated on water.

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40

Souza, Paulo Vitor Dutra de, Heleno Facchin, and Anderson André Dias. "Desenvolvimento do porta-enxerto SO4 de videira afetado pelo número de gemas da estaca e por fungos micorrízicos arbusculares." Ciência Rural 34, no. 3 (June 2004): 955–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0103-84782004000300049.

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Instalou-se um experimento conduzido em casa de vegetação, Eldorado do Sul, RS, Brasil, no qual estacas do porta-enxerto SO4 (Teleki 4 Sel. Oppenheim) (Vitis berlandieri x Vitis riparia) com uma, duas ou três gemas foram ou não inoculadas com duas espécies de fungos micorrízicos arbusculares (FMA) (Gigaspora margarita e Scutellospora heterogama). Após dez meses de experimento, analisou-se a porcentagem de sobrevivência, o número de folhas e de raízes, peso de matéria fresca e seca da raiz e da parte aérea, e tamanho das brotações. A porcentagem de sobrevivência e o desenvolvimento vegetativo das estacas de SO4 foram diretamente proporcionais ao número de gemas das mesmas, sendo recomendado o uso de estacas com três gemas. Verificou-se que os FMA testados incrementaram o desenvolvimento vegetativo de plântulas de SO4, independentemente da espécie estudada.

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Jones, Kim S., Bryan D. McKersie, and John Paroschy. "Prevention of ice propagation by permeability barriers in bud axes of Vitis vinifera." Canadian Journal of Botany 78, no. 1 (March 7, 2000): 3–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/b99-137.

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A physical barrier exists in Vitis vinifera L. (wine-quality grapevines) between the canes that freeze at subzero temperatures and the buds that supercool, thereby avoiding ice formation in these delicate organs. Our objective was to characterize the ice nucleation barrier by observing grape buds at different stages of acclimation, by treating them with pectinase, and by comparing them to buds of the more hardy Vitis riparia L. and to non-supercooling buds of Populus nigra L. "Italica." Differential thermal analysis (DTA) indicated that as V. vinifera andV. riparia acclimated in the autumn, the ice nucleation point of the buds declined, then increased as the grapevines de-acclimated in the spring. Laser scanning confocal microscopy was used to detect the penetration of fluorescent rhodamine green dyes from the cane into the bud as a measure of apoplastic permeability. These pore size exclusion tests indicated that the bud axes were impermeable to a 3000 MW dextran-conjugated dye when the ice nucleation temperature was below -20°C, but permeable above -20°C. This lower porosity presumably restricts the penetration of ice into the bud from the cane. In contrast to the two Vitis species, the permeability of Populus buds did not limit ice propagation, and the water in buds froze between -5 and -10°C according to DTA. Pectinase and phosphate treatments of grape buds to remove pectin increased apoplastic permeability, increased the ice nucleation temperature, and prevented supercooling according to DTA. Light microscopy indicated that suberin coated the scales of the grape buds, probably preventing ice nucleation from the environment, but was not present in the bud axis region. We concluded that a permeability barrier, possibly containing pectin, in the axis of grape buds limits the propagation of ice into the buds and enables supercooling to occur.Key words: supercooling, freezing, acclimation, winter hardiness, pectin, confocal microscopy.

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Xu, Hong, and Alan T. Bakalinsky. "Identification of Grape (Vitis) Rootstocks Using Sequence Characterized Amplified Region DNA Markers." HortScience 31, no. 2 (April 1996): 267–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.31.2.267.

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Five sequence characterized amplified region (SCAR) DNA markers were reevaluated at substantially higher annealing temperatures than originally reported; four were polymorphic among nine rootstocks tested. Four new informative SCAR markers also are reported, based on redesigning primers from previously cloned random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) markers. Based on the eight polymorphic markers, rootstocks MG 420A, MG101-14, Richter 99, Couderc 3309, and Kober 5BB were distinguishable. Riparia Gloire and Couderc 1616 could be distinguished from the others, but not from one another, and SO4 and 5C also could be distinguished from the others, but not from one another.

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Gerrath, Jean M., and Usher Posluszny. "Morphological and anatomical development in the Vitaceae. II. Floral development in Vitis riparia." Canadian Journal of Botany 66, no. 7 (July 1, 1988): 1334–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/b88-188.

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The anatomy, morphology, and ontogeny of the flowers of Vitis riparia are presented in this paper. The inflorescence is initiated as an uncommitted primordium, which in turn initiates a bract and then bifurcates to form inner and outer "arms." Both of the arms initiate inflorescence branches, first in a decussate pattern, then in a 2/5 phyllotactic spiral. These branches may initiate pairs of lateral primordia until a series of third- or fourth-order cymose inflorescence branches is initiated. Floral development begins when the calyx is initiated as three primordia, which first merge by meristem extension and then grow out to form an indistinctly five-toothed ring. The petals and stamens arise as five common primordia, alternating with the sepals. They divide into separate petal and stamen primordia. The gynoecium arises as a ring primordium. Two septae are initiated on the inner walls of the ring and grow together to form a two-loculed ovary. Two ovules arise from each septum. In male flowers the ovules form but do not mature, and the stigma and style fail to develop. The pollen is tricolporate. In female flowers the ovules are bitegmic and anatropous, the style is short, and the stigma is discoid or two parted. The pollen lacks furrows and pores. The yellowish disc arises from the base of the gynoecium and is more prominent in male flowers. The fruit is a one- to four-seeded bluish purple berry.

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Yepes, Luz Marcela, Elizabeth Cieniewicz, Björn Krenz, Heather McLane, Jeremy R. Thompson, Keith Lloyd Perry, and Marc Fuchs. "Causative Role of Grapevine Red Blotch Virus in Red Blotch Disease." Phytopathology® 108, no. 7 (July 2018): 902–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/phyto-12-17-0419-r.

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Grapevine red blotch virus (GRBV) has a monopartite single-stranded DNA genome and is the type species of the genus Grablovirus in the family Geminiviridae. To address the etiological role of GRBV in the recently recognized red blotch disease of grapevine, infectious GRBV clones were engineered from the genome of each of the two previously identified phylogenetic clades for Agrobacterium tumefaciens-mediated inoculations of tissue culture-grown Vitis spp. plants. Following agroinoculation and one or two dormancy cycles, systemic GRBV infection was detected by multiplex polymerase chain reaction (PCR) in Vitis vinifera exhibiting foliar disease symptoms but not in asymptomatic vines. Infected rootstock genotype SO4 (V. berlandieri × V. riparia) exhibited leaf chlorosis and cupping, while infection was asymptomatic in agroinoculated 110R (V. berlandieri × V. rupestris), 3309C (V. riparia × V. rupestris), and V. rupestris. Spliced GRBV transcripts of the replicase-associated protein coding region accumulated in leaves of agroinfected vines, as shown by reverse-transcription PCR; this was consistent with systemic infection resulting from virus replication. Additionally, a virus progeny identical in nucleotide sequence to the infectious GRBV clones was recovered from agroinfected vines by rolling circle amplification, cloning, and sequencing. Concomitantly, subjecting naturally infected grapevines to microshoot tip culture resulted in an asymptomatic plant progeny that tested negative for GRBV in multiplex PCR. Altogether, our agroinoculation and therapeutic experiments fulfilled Koch’s postulates and revealed the causative role of GRBV in red blotch disease.

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Sefc, Kristina M., Ferdinand Regner, Eva Turetschek, Josef Glössl, and Herta Steinkellner. "Identification of microsatellite sequences in Vitis riparia and their applicability for genotyping of different Vitis species." Genome 42, no. 3 (1999): 367–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/gen-42-3-367.

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Kernaghan, Gavin, Michael Mayerhofer, and Amanda Griffin. "Fungal endophytes of wild and hybridVitisleaves and their potential for vineyard biocontrol." Canadian Journal of Microbiology 63, no. 7 (July 2017): 583–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/cjm-2016-0740.

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Plants are colonized by diverse assemblages of fungal endophytes that have potential as biocontrol agents for a variety of crops, including grapevine. Although the diversity of symbionts can be very high in wild plants, the fungal endophytes of wild Vitis plants have not yet been investigated. We surveyed the fungal endophytes of 6 wild populations of Vitis riparia, as well as a cold-tolerant, hybrid grapevine in 5 vineyards (1 certified organic), using 454 pyrosequencing. We detected between 43 and 235 operational taxonomic units per sample, with the highest richness and diversity in the wild, the lowest in conventional vineyards, and intermediate levels in the organic vineyard. Wild plants supported a range of taxa not seen in the conventional vineyards, and vineyards were dominated by relatively few taxa. We also isolated fungi from the wild plants and tested them for their ability to inhibit pathogens of grapevine. Several wild isolates (e.g., Ramularia spp.) were strongly inhibitory to grapevine pathogens. We show that wild Vitis supports a distinct and highly diverse community of fungal endophytes and may represent a rich repository of potential vineyard biocontrol agents.

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Li, Beibei, Xiucai Fan, Ying Zhang, Chonghuai Liu, and Jianfu Jiang. "Genetic Diversity and Population Structure Analysis of Chinese Wild Grape Using Simple Sequence Repeat Markers." Journal of the American Society for Horticultural Science 146, no. 3 (May 2021): 158–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/jashs05016-20.

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Chinese wild Vitis is a useful gene source for resistance to biotic and abiotic stresses, although there is little research on its genetic diversity and structure. In this study, nine simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers were used to assess the genetic diversity and genetic structure among 100 Vitis materials. These materials included 77 indigenous accessions representing 23 of 38 wild Vitis species/cultivars in China, 18 V. vinifera cultivars, and the five North American species V. aestivalis, V. girdiana, V. monticola, V. acerifolia, and V. riparia. The SSR loci used in this study for establishing an international database (Vitis International Variety Catalogue) revealed a total of 186 alleles in 100 Vitis accessions. The mean values for the gene diversity (GD) and polymorphism information content (PIC) per locus were 0.91 and 0.90, respectively, which indicates that the discriminatory power of the markers is high. Based on the genetic distance data, the 100 Vitis accessions were divided into five primary clusters by cluster analysis, and five populations by structure analysis; these results indicate these Chinese wild grapes were more genetically close to European grapes than to North American species. In addition, the clustering patterns of most accessions correlated with the geographic distribution. An analysis of molecular variance (AMOVA) revealed that 3.28%, 3.27%, and 93.46% of the variance occurred between populations, between individuals within populations, and between individuals within the entire population, respectively. In addition, we identified three previously undescribed accessions (Wuzhi-1, MZL-5, and MZL-6) by cluster analysis. Our results reveal a high level of genetic diversity and variability in Vitis from China, which will be helpful in the use of genetic resources in future breeding programs. In addition, our study demonstrates that SSR markers are highly suitable for further genetic diversity analyses of Chinese wild grapes.

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Zhang, Junke, Ludger Hausmann, Rudolf Eibach, Leocir J. Welter, Reinhard Töpfer, and Eva M. Zyprian. "A framework map from grapevine V3125 (Vitis vinifera ‘Schiava grossa’ × ‘Riesling’) × rootstock cultivar ‘Börner’ (Vitis riparia × Vitis cinerea) to localize genetic determinants of phylloxera root resistance." Theoretical and Applied Genetics 119, no. 6 (July 22, 2009): 1039–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00122-009-1107-1.

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Cui, Xiaoyue, Jia’nan Xue, Bo Zhang, Chengcheng Chen, Yunyun Tang, Pingying Zhang, and Jianxia Zhang. "Physiological change and screening of differentially expressed genes of wild Chinese Vitis yeshanensis and American Vitis riparia in response to drought stress." Scientia Horticulturae 266 (May 2020): 109140. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.scienta.2019.109140.

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Lacroix, Christian R., and Usher Posluszny. "A morphometric analysis of leaf development in Vitis riparia, and grape cultivars Concord and Vivant." Canadian Journal of Botany 69, no. 2 (February 1, 1991): 400–406. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/b91-055.

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This study investigates the initiation of leaf shape in three taxa of Vitis from a quantitative point of view. Leaf characters, such as angles between major veins, ratios of the length of leaf lobes, of leaf lobes and sinuses, and of petioles and leaf lobes, were measured on leaves of different sizes and compared against leaf blade length (an indirect measure of developmental time) to see if there were differences between them at different developmental stages, and between taxa. Two trends were observed. Characters dealing with angles between major leaf veins, and those dealing with the ratio of the distance to the first point of branching of the major leaf vein of a lobe and the length of that leaf lobe, showed relatively little change over leaf blade length compared to more variable characters such as those involving the leaf petiole, leaf sinuses, or leaf lobes. If we assume that leaves of different lengths represent leaves at different stages of development, we can say that the characters dealing with angles or venation do not change extensively over time. However, characters dealing with ratios of the distance to a leaf sinus and lobe length, ratios of the length of two leaf lobes, or those dealing with the ratio of the length of the petiole and lobe length showed a stronger indication of change over leaf blade length. The parameters of interest in most of these ratios (petiole length or sinus depth compared against the length of a leaf lobe) varied more at different leaf blade lengths. It was also possible to distinguish between taxa for characters dealing with leaf lobes, petioles, and sinuses. Key words: morphometry, leaves, Vitis, development, characters, shape.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Vitis riparia'

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