Relevant bibliographies by topics / VnfG

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  2. Dissertations / Theses
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Academic literature on the topic 'VnfG'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 4 February 2022

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Journal articles on the topic "VnfG"

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Loveless, Telisa M., and Paul E. Bishop. "Identification of genes unique to Mo-independent nitrogenase systems in diverse diazotrophs." Canadian Journal of Microbiology 45, no. 4 (April 1, 1999): 312–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/w99-007.

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A number of nitrogen-fixing bacteria were screened using PCR for genes (vnfG and anfG) unique to the V-containing nitrogenase (vnf) and the Fe-only nitrogenase (anf) systems. Products with sequences similar to that of vnfG were obtained from Azotobacter paspali and Azotobacter salinestris genomic DNAs, and products with sequences similar to that of anfG were obtained from Azomonas macrocytogenes, Rhodospirillum rubrum, and Azotobacter paspali DNAs. Phylogenetic analysis of the deduced amino acid sequences of anfG and vnfG genes shows that each gene product forms a distinct cluster. Furthermore, amplification of an internal 839-bp region in anfD and vnfD yielded a product similar to anfD from Heliobacterium gestii and a product similar to vnfD from Azotobacter paspali and Azotobacter salinestris. Phylogenetic analysis of NifD, VnfD, and AnfD amino acid sequences indicates that AnfD and VnfD sequences are more closely related to each other than either is to NifD. The results of this study suggest that Azotobacter salinestris possesses the potential to express the vanadium (V)-containing nitrogenase (nitrogenase 2) and that R. rubrum, Azomonas macrocytogenes, and H. gestii possess the potential to express the Fe-only nitrogenase (nitrogenase 3). Like Azotobacter vinelandii, Azotobacter paspali appears to have the potential to express both the V-containing nitrogenase and the Fe-only nitrogenase.Key words: Mo-independent nitrogenase systems, diverse diazotrophs, vnfG, anfG.
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Rüttimann-Johnson, Carmen, Luis M. Rubio, Dennis R. Dean, and Paul W. Ludden. "VnfY Is Required for Full Activity of the Vanadium-Containing Dinitrogenase in Azotobacter vinelandii." Journal of Bacteriology 185, no. 7 (April 1, 2003): 2383–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/jb.185.7.2383-2386.2003.

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ABSTRACT A gene from Azotobacter vinelandii whose product exhibits primary sequence similarity to the NifY, NafY, NifX, and VnfX family of proteins, and which is required for effective V-dependent diazotrophic growth, was identified. Because this gene is located downstream from vnfK in an arrangement similar to the relative organization of the nifK and nifY genes, it was designated vnfY. A mutant strain having an insertion mutation in vnfY has 10-fold less vnf dinitrogenase activity and exhibits a greatly diminished level of 49V label incorporation into the V-dependent dinitrogenase when compared to the wild type. These results indicate that VnfY has a role in the maturation of the V-dependent dinitrogenase, with a specific role in the formation of the V-containing cofactor and/or its insertion into apodinitrogenase.
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Chien, Yueh-Tyng, Victoria Auerbuch, Andrew D. Brabban, and Stephen H. Zinder. "Analysis of Genes Encoding an Alternative Nitrogenase in the Archaeon Methanosarcina barkeri227." Journal of Bacteriology 182, no. 11 (June 1, 2000): 3247–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/jb.182.11.3247-3253.2000.

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ABSTRACT Methanosarcina barkeri 227 possesses two clusters of genes potentially encoding nitrogenases. We have previously demonstrated that one cluster, called nif2, is expressed under molybdenum (Mo)-sufficient conditions, and the deduced amino acid sequences for nitrogenase structural genes in that cluster most closely resemble those for the Mo nitrogenase of the gram-positive eubacteriumClostridium pasteurianum. The previously clonednifH1 from M. barkeri shows phylogenetic relationships with genes encoding components of eubacterial Mo-independent eubacterial alternative nitrogenases and other methanogen nitrogenases. In this study, we cloned and sequencednifD1 and part of nifK1 from M. barkeri 227. The deduced amino acid sequence encoded bynifD1 from M. barkeri showed great similarity with vnfD gene products from vanadium (V) nitrogenases, with an 80% identity at the amino acid level with the vnfDgene product from Anabaena variabilis. Moreover, there was a small open reading frame located between nifD1 andnifK1 with clear homology to vnfG, a hallmark of eubacterial alternative nitrogenases. Stimulation of diazotrophic growth of M. barkeri 227 by V in the absence of Mo was demonstrated. The unusual complement of nifgenes in M. barkeri 227, with one cluster resembling that from a gram-positive eubacterium and the other resembling a eubacterial V nitrogenase gene cluster, suggests horizontal genetic transfer of those genes.
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Chatterjee, Ranjini, Paul W. Ludden, and Vinod K. Shah. "Characterization of VNFG, the δ Subunit of thevnf-Encoded Apodinitrogenase fromAzotobacter vinelandii." Journal of Biological Chemistry 272, no. 6 (February 7, 1997): 3758–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1074/jbc.272.6.3758.

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Wang, Yixiang, Ping Lu, Wei Lu, and Zuqing Zhu. "Cost-Efficient Virtual Network Function Graph (vNFG) Provisioning in Multidomain Elastic Optical Networks." Journal of Lightwave Technology 35, no. 13 (July 1, 2017): 2712–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/jlt.2017.2700229.

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Eramo, V., A. Tosti, and E. Miucci. "Server Resource Dimensioning and Routing of Service Function Chain in NFV Network Architectures." Journal of Electrical and Computer Engineering 2016 (2016): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2016/7139852.

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The Network Function Virtualization (NFV) technology aims at virtualizing the network service with the execution of the single service components in Virtual Machines activated on Commercial-off-the-shelf (COTS) servers. Any service is represented by the Service Function Chain (SFC) that is a set of VNFs to be executed according to a given order. The running of VNFs needs the instantiation of VNF instances (VNFI) that in general are software components executed on Virtual Machines. In this paper we cope with the routing and resource dimensioning problem in NFV architectures. We formulate the optimization problem and due to its NP-hard complexity, heuristics are proposed for both cases of offline and online traffic demand. We show how the heuristics works correctly by guaranteeing a uniform occupancy of the server processing capacity and the network link bandwidth. A consolidation algorithm for the power consumption minimization is also proposed. The application of the consolidation algorithm allows for a high power consumption saving that however is to be paid with an increase in SFC blocking probability.
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Bageshwar, Umesh K., Ramesh Raina, Nirupam Roy Choudhury, and H. K. Das. "Analysis of upstream activation of thevnfHpromoter ofAzotobacter vinelandii." Canadian Journal of Microbiology 44, no. 5 (May 1, 1998): 405–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/w98-011.

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BAL-31 deletion products of the DNA fragment containing the vnfH promoter and upstream region, when cloned in a transcriptional fusion vector and analyzed for vnfH expression in Azotobacter vinelandii, revealed that the upstream activator sequence of the vnfH promoter lies about 140 nucleotides upstream of the promoter. Subsequent substitution and deletion analysis by oligonucleotide-directed mutagenesis in the upstream region of the vnfH promoter showed that sequences 5'-GTACCATGCGGAAC-3' and 5'-GTACCTGCGGGTAC-3', located 170 and 140 nucleotides upstream of the vnfH promoter, respectively, are both required for vnfH expression. Addition of four nucleotides in the intervening sequence between the vnfH promoter and the putative VnfA (analog of NifA of the conventional molybdenum-dependent nitrogen-fixation pathway) binding site resulted in a drastic reduction of expression from the vnfH promoter in Azotobacter vinelandii, where as addition of 10 nucleotides in the intervening sequence did not affect the expression. Therefore, the face of the helix-dependent contact appeared to be important. DNA bending seemed to play a crucial role in expression from vnfH promoter. The intervening sequence exhibited characteristics of sequence-dependent intrinsically curved DNA, as shown by anomalous low gel mobility with polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, electron microscopy, and computer simulated curvature analysis. Distamycin at very low concentrations significantly reduced the anomaly in electrophoretic mobility of the intervening DNA sequence.Key words: Azotobacter vinelandii, vnfA, vnfH, promoter-lacZ fusion, DNA bending.
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Xu, Yansen, and Ved P. Kafle. "An Availability-Enhanced Service Function Chain Placement Scheme in Network Function Virtualization." Journal of Sensor and Actuator Networks 8, no. 2 (June 14, 2019): 34. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jsan8020034.

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A service function chain (SFC) is an ordered virtual network function (VNF) chain for processing traffic flows to deliver end-to-end network services in a virtual networking environment. A challenging problem for an SFC in this context is to determine where to deploy VNFs and how to route traffic between VNFs of an SFC on a substrate network. In this paper, we formulate an SFC placement problem as an integer linear programing (ILP) model, and propose an availability-enhanced VNF placing scheme based on the layered graphs approach. To improve the availability of SFC deployment, our scheme distributes VNFs of an SFC to multiple substrate nodes to avoid a single point of failure. We conduct numerical analysis and computer simulation to validate the feasibility of our SFC scheme. The results show that the proposed scheme outperforms well in different network scenarios in terms of end-to-end delay of the SFC and computation time cost.
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Xuan, Hejun, Lei You, Zhenghui Liu, Yanling Li, and Xiaokai Yang. "HS-MOEA/D: An Oriented Algorithm for Delay and Reliability VNF-SC Deployment." Security and Communication Networks 2021 (August 24, 2021): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/5538931.

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Network function virtualization (NFV) technology can realize on-demand distribution of network resources and improve network flexibility. It has become one of the key technologies for next-generation communications. Virtual network function service chain (VNF-SC) deployment is an important problem faced by network function virtualization technology. In this paper, the problem, VNF deployment for VNF-SC, is investigated. First, a two-objective mathematical model, which maximizes balancing and reliability of SFC, is established. In this model, VNFs are divided into two classes, i.e., part of required VNFs in each VNF-SC is dependent, others are independent. Second, harmony search-based MOEA/D (HS-MOEA/D) is proposed to solve the model effectively. In HS-MOEA/D, Chebyshev decomposition mechanism is used to transform multiobjective optimization problem into a series of single-objective optimization subproblems. A new evolutionary strategy is deeply studied in order to propose a new harmony search (HS) algorithm. Finally, to show high performance of the proposed algorithm, a large number of experiments are conducted. The simulation results show that the proposed algorithm enhances the reliability of SFC and reduces the end-to-end delay.
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Betancourt, Doris A., Telisa M. Loveless, James W. Brown, and Paul E. Bishop. "Characterization of Diazotrophs Containing Mo-Independent Nitrogenases, Isolated from Diverse Natural Environments." Applied and Environmental Microbiology 74, no. 11 (March 31, 2008): 3471–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aem.02694-07.

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ABSTRACT Molybdenum-independent nitrogenases were first described in the nitrogen-fixing bacterium Azotobacter vinelandii and have since been described in other diazotrophic bacteria. Previously, we reported the isolation of seven diazotrophs with Mo-independent nitrogenases from aquatic environments. In the present study, we extend these results to include diazotrophs isolated from wood chip mulch, soil, “paraffin dirt,” and sediments from mangrove swamps. Mo-deficient, N-free media under both aerobic and anaerobic conditions were used for the isolations. A total of 26 isolates were genetically and physiologically characterized. Their phylogenetic placement was determined using 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis. Most of the isolates are members of the gamma subdivision of the class Proteobacteria and appear to be specifically related to fluorescent pseudomonads and azotobacteria. Two other isolates, AN1 and LPF4, are closely related to Enterobacter spp. and Paenibacillus spp., respectively. PCR and/or Southern hybridization were used to detect the presence of nitrogenase genes in the isolates. PCR amplification of vnfG and anfG was used to detect the genetic potential for the expression of the vanadium-containing nitrogenase and the iron-only nitrogenase in the isolates. This study demonstrates that diazotrophs with Mo-independent nitrogenases can be readily isolated from diverse natural environments.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "VnfG"

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Pabon, Sanclemente Miguel Alejandro. "A Comparative Study of the Structural Features and Kinetic Properties of the MoFe and VFe Proteins from Azotobacter Vinelandii." DigitalCommons@USU, 2009. https://digitalcommons.usu.edu/etd/233.

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Biological nitrogen fixation is accomplished in the bacterium Azotobacter vinelandii by means of three metalloenzymes: The molybdenum, vanadium, and iron-only nitrogenase. The knowledge regarding biological nitrogen fixation has come from studies on the Mo-dependent reaction. However, the V- and Fe-only-dependent reduction of nitrogen remains largely unknown. By using homology modeling techniques, the protein folds that contain the metal cluster active sites for the V- and Fe-only nitrogenases were constructed. The models uncovered similarities and differences existing among the nitrogenases regarding the identity of the amino acid residues lining pivotal structural features for the correct functioning of the proteins. These differences, could account for the differences in catalytic properties depicted by these enzymes. The quaternary structure of the dinitrogenases also differs. Such component in the Mo-nitrogenase is an α2β2 tetramer while for the V- an Fe-only nitrogenase is an α2β2δ2 hexamer. The latter enzymes are unable to reduce N2 in the absence of a functional δ subunit, yet they reduce H+ and the non-physiological substrate C2H2. Therefore, the δ subunit is essential for V- and Fe-only dependent nitrogen fixation by a mechanism that still remains unknown. In attempt to understand why the δ subunit is essential for V-dependent N2 reduction from a structural stand point, this work presents the strategy followed to clone the vnfG gene and purify its expression product, the δ subunit. The purified protein was subjected to crystallization trials and used to stabilize a histidine-tagged VFe protein that would otherwise purify with low Fe2+ content and poor H+ and C2H2 reduction activities. The VFe preparation was used to conduct substrate reduction assays to assess: i) The electron allocation patterns to each of the reduction products of the substrates C2H2, N2, N2H4, and N3−; and ii) Inhibition patterns among substrate and inhibitor of the nitrogenase reaction. This work also reports on the effect N2H4 and N3− has on the electron flux to the products of the C2H2 reduction. The work presented herein provides information with which to compare and contrast biological nitrogen fixation as catalyzed by the Mo- and V-nitrogenases from Azotobacter vinelandii.
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Cilloni, Marco. "Design and Implementation of an ETSI Network Function Virtualization-compliant Container Orchestrator." Master's thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2017. http://amslaurea.unibo.it/13373/.

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La Network Function Virtualisation (NFV) è la principale forza dietro la migrazione delle infrastrutture dei provider di reti verso sistemi distribuiti cloud, fornendo un innovativo approccio al design di architetture di reti di telecomunicazioni che permette un completo disaccoppiamento dei servizi offerti dalla rete dai dispositivi fisici e gli apparati su cui essi risiedono attraverso la loro completa virtualizzazione. L’uso di VNF, blocchi logici in grado di rappresentare le funzionalità e i servizi forniti dall’infrastruttura come elementi virtuali, permette alle Network Functions di essere agevolmente rilocate in data centers prossimi agli utenti finali dei servizi che offrono, evitando i pesanti costi in personale ed apparecchiature coinvolti nel caso dei dispositivi fisici. ETSI NFV fornisce linee guida ed architetture volte al supportare l’amministrazione ed orchestrazione (MANO) di apparati virtualizzati, sfruttando le infrastrutture fornite da Virtual Infrastructure Managers (VIM). Questa tesi ha affrontato le modalità con cui un framework NFV esistente, come Open Baton, possa essere esteso per sfruttare appieno le capacità fornite da sistemi di containerizzazione come Docker, realizzando i componenti e concetti necessari per offrire una infrastruttura NFV (NFVI) altamente scalabile e cloud-ready. Il prototipo di VIM basato su Docker e i relativi componenti MANO sviluppati durante questa tesi sono stati pensati per essere il più possibile indipendenti fra loro, per mantenere il sistema riusabile ed aperto ad estensioni future. L’analisi compiuta sulla soluzione per l’orchestrazione di container NFV basata su Docker creata durante lo step implementativo della tesi ha mostrato risultati molto positivi riguardo l’overhead sull’utilizzo di risorse di memoria e di storage da parte delle istanze di VNF basate su container.
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Sällberg, Kristian. "A Data Model Driven Approach to Managing Network Functions Virtualization : Aiding Network Operators in Provisioning and Configuring Network Functions." Thesis, KTH, Radio Systems Laboratory (RS Lab), 2015. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-171233.

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This master’s thesis explains why certain network services are difficult to provision and configure using IT automation and cloud orchestration software. An improvement is proposed and motivated. This proposed improvement enables network operators to define a set of data models describing how to provision and interconnect a set of Virtual Network Functions (VNFs) (and possibly existing physical network functions) to form networks. Moreover, the proposed solution enables network operators to change the configuration at runtime. The work can be seen as a step towards self managing and auto scaling networks. The proposed approach is compared to a well known cloud management system (OpenStack) in order to evaluate if the proposed approach decreases the amount of time needed for network operators to design network topologies and services containing VNFs. Data is collected through observations of network operators, interviews, and experiment. Analysis of this data shows that the proposed approach can decrease the amount of time required for network operators to design network topologies and services. This applies if the network operators are already acquainted with the data modeling language YANG. The amount of time required to provision VNFs so that they respond to connections can also be decreased using the proposed approach. The proposed approach does not offer as much functionality as OpenStack, as it is limited to VNF scenarios.
Denna masteruppsats förklarar varför vissa nätverkstjänster är svåra att skapa och konfigurera med IT-automationsverktyg och mjukvara för molnorkestrering.  En förbättring föreslås och motiveras. Den föreslagna förbättringen tillåter nätverksoperatörer att definiera en mängd datamodeller, för att beskriva hur Virtuella Nätverksfunktioner (VNF:er) skall instantieras och kopplas ihop till nätverkstjänster. Dessutom tillåter lösningen nätverksoperatörer att ändra konfiguration under tiden nätverken hanterar trafik.  Arbetet kan ses som ett steg mot självhanterande och automatiskt skalande nätverk. Den föreslagna lösningen jämförs med ett välkänt molnorkestreringsverktyg (OpenStack) för att utvärdera om den föreslagna lösningen sänker mängden tid som nätverksoperatörer behöver för att designa nätverkstopologier och tjänster som innehåller VNF:er. Data samlas in genom observationer av nätverksoperatörer, intervjuer, och experiment. Analys av datan visar att den föreslagna lösningen kan minska tiden som behövs för att designa nätverkstopologier och tjänster. Fallen där detta är applicerbart, är när VNF:er närvarar i nätverk. Dessa är enklare att skapa, konfigurera, och ändra under tiden de exekverar, med den föreslagna metoden. Detta kräver också att nätverksoperatören är bekant med datamodelleringsspråket YANG. Tiden det tar att provisionera VNF:er, tills dess att de svarar till anslutningar, kan sänkas med hjälp av den föreslagna metoden. Den förslagna metoden erbjuder väsentligt begränsad funktionalitet jämfört med OpenStack, den fokuserar på att hantera VNF:er.
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Jacob, Jansen Philip. "Specificity and regulatory properties of the transcriptional activators VnfA and AnfA of Azotobacter vinelandii." Thesis, University of Sussex, 1994. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.259964.

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RAMOS, Danyel Mendes Nogueira. "Avaliação de desempenho de um controlador SDN implementado como uma VNF." Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, 2017. https://repositorio.ufpe.br/handle/123456789/25355.

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Submitted by Pedro Barros (pedro.silvabarros@ufpe.br) on 2018-08-01T19:46:31Z No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 811 bytes, checksum: e39d27027a6cc9cb039ad269a5db8e34 (MD5) DISSERTAÇÃO Danyel Mendes Nogueira Ramos.pdf: 6326279 bytes, checksum: 464556d46f78d9d42c7353434472dab5 (MD5)
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SETEC
A implementação de serviços de rede em dispositivos embarcados proprietários tem impedido o avanço e a evolução da rede, induzindo um problema denominado ossificação. Aproveitando os benefícios da virtualização, NFV se constitui em uma abordagem que dissocia os serviços de rede do hardware subjacente, permitindo a virtualização de funções de rede em servidores de propósito geral resultando em redução de OPEX/CAPEX. Integrado com SDN, a arquitetura NFV Definida por Software tem o potencial de oferecer mais agilidade e flexibilidade no encaminhamento de tráfego e no encadeamento de funções, justificando-se a importância de avaliarmos um controlador SDN implementado como uma NFV, com o objetivo de verificarmos as implicações no desempenho, uma vez que estudos recentes demonstram a degradação de desempenho imposta pela virtualização de funções de rede. No presente trabalho, realizamos experimentos com um controlador SDN implementado como uma função de rede virtual nos hypervisores de código aberto KVM e XEN e comparamos os parâmetros de desempenho mais críticos em relação a um cenário nativo com o propósito de mensurar a degradação de desempenho causada pela virtualização. Cbench foi utilizado para emular redes SDN e avaliar o desempenho e a latência do controlador Floodlight. Os resultados mostram que a virtualização do controlador no ambiente KVM resultou na degradação do processamento de fluxos em 29%, apresentou um aumento do tempo de resposta de 22% e utilizou bem menos o processador em relação ao ambiente Xen, que sobrecarregou a CPU em 25%, mas foi capaz de atingir melhor throughput e alocação de memória RAM quando comparada ao controlador virtualizado em KVM. Finalmente, uma proposta de aplicação SDN de roteamento de QoS e a respectiva infraestrutura NFV de implantação é apresentada como estudo de caso na autarquia federal IF Sertão-PE.
The implementation of network services in proprietary embedded devices has prevented the advancement and evolution of the network, inducing a problem called ossification. Leveraging the benefits of virtualization, NFV is an approach that disassociates network services from the underlying hardware, enabling virtualization of network functions on general purpose servers resulting in OPEX / CAPEX reduction. Integrated with SDN, the Software Defined NFV architecture has the potential to offer more agility and flexibility in traffic routing and in the chain of functions, justifying the importance of evaluating an SDN controller implemented as an NFV, in order to verify the Implications for performance, as recent studies demonstrate the performance degradation imposed by virtualization of network functions. In the present work, we performed experiments with an SDN controller implemented as a virtual network function in the KVM and XEN open source hypervisors and compared the most critical performance parameters in relation to a native scenario in order to measure the degradation of performance caused by Virtualization. We use Cbench to emulate SDN networks and evaluate the performance and latency of the Floodlight controller. We found that virtualization of the controller in the KVM environment resulted in degradation of the processing of flows by 29%, showed an increase in the response time of 22% and used much less the processor in relation to Xen, which overloaded the CPU by 15%, but Was able to achieve better performance of throughput and RAM compared to the virtualized controller in KVM. Finally, a proposed SDN routing QoS application and the respective deployment NFV infrastructure is presented as a case study in the federal authority IF Sertão-PE.
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Li, Xinrui. "An Automated VNF Manager based on Parameterized-Action MDP and Reinforcement Learning." Thesis, Université d'Ottawa / University of Ottawa, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/42004.

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Managing and orchestrating the behaviour of virtualized Network Functions (VNFs) remains a major challenge due to their heterogeneity and the ever increasing resource demands of the served flows. In this thesis, we propose a novel VNF manager (VNFM) that employs a parameterized actions-based reinforcement learning mechanism to simultaneously decide on the optimal VNF management action (e.g., migration, scaling, termination or rebooting) and the action's corresponding configuration parameters (e.g., migration location or amount of resources needed for scaling ). More precisely, we first propose a novel parameterized-action Markov decision process (PAMDP) model to accurately describe each VNF, instances of its components and their communication as well as the set of permissible management actions by the VNFM and the rewards of realizing these actions. The use of parameterized actions allows us to rigorously represent the functionalities of the VNFM in order perform various Lifecycle management (LCM) operations on the VNFs. Next, we propose a two-stage reinforcement learning (RL) scheme that alternates between learning an action-value function for the discrete LCM actions and updating the actions parameters selection policy. In contrast to existing machine learning schemes, the proposed work uniquely provides a holistic management platform the unifies individual efforts targeting individual LCM functions such as VNF placement and scaling. Performance evaluation results demonstrate the efficiency of the proposed VNFM in maintaining the required performance level of the VNF while optimizing its resource configurations.
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Ochoa, Aday Leonardo. "Contributions to topology discovery, self-healing and VNF placement in software-defined and virtualized networks." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/665397.

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The evolution of information and communication technologies (e.g. cloud computing, the Internet of Things (IoT) and 5G, among others) has enabled a large market of applications and network services for a massive number of users connected to the Internet. Achieving high programmability while decreasing complexity and costs has become an essential aim of networking research due to the ever-increasing pressure generated by these applications and services. However, meeting these goals is an almost impossible task using traditional IP networks. Software-Defined Networking (SDN) is an emerging network architecture that could address the needs of service providers and network operators. This new technology consists in decoupling the control plane from the data plane, enabling the centralization of control functions on a concentrated or distributed platform. It also creates an abstraction between the network infrastructure and network applications, which allows for designing more flexible and programmable networks. Recent trends of increased user demands, the explosion of Internet traffic and diverse service requirements have further driven the interest in the potential capabilities of SDN to enable the introduction of new protocols and traffic management models. This doctoral research is focused on improving high-level policies and control strategies, which are becoming increasingly important given the limitations of current solutions for large-scale SDN environments. Specifically, the three largest challenges addressed in the development of this thesis are related to the processes of topology discovery, fault recovery and Virtual Network Function (VNF) placement in software-defined and virtualized networks. These challenges led to the design of a set of effective techniques, ranging from network protocols to optimal and heuristic algorithms, intended to solve existing problems and contribute to the deployment and adoption of such programmable networks.For the first challenge, this work presents a novel protocol that, unlike existing approaches, enables a distributed layer 2 discovery without the need for previous IP configurations or controller knowledge of the network. By using this mechanism, the SDN controller can discover the network view without incurring scalability issues, while taking advantage of the shortest control paths toward each switch. Moreover, this novel approach achieves noticeable improvement with respect to state-of-the-art techniques. To address the resilience concern of SDN, we propose a self-healing mechanism that recovers the control plane connectivity in SDN-managed environments without overburdening the controller performance. The main idea underlying this proposal is to enable real-time recovery of control paths in the face of failures without the intervention of a controller. Obtained results show that the proposed approach recovers the control topology efficiently in terms of time and message load over a wide range of generated networks. The third contribution made in this thesis combines topology knowledge with bin packing techniques in order to efficiently place the required VNF. An online heuristic algorithm with low-complexity was developed as a suitable solution for dynamic infrastructures. Extensive simulations, using network topologies representative of different scales, validate the good performance of the proposed approaches regarding the number of required instances and the delay among deployed functions. Additionally, the proposed heuristic algorithm improves the execution times by a fifth order of magnitude compared to the optimal formulation of this problem.
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Norberg, Emil. "Evaluation of Using Secure Enclaves in Virtualized Radio Environments." Thesis, Linköpings universitet, Databas och informationsteknik, 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-159768.

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Virtual Network Functions (VNFs) are software applications that process network packets in virtualized environments such as clouds. Using VNFs to process network traffic inside a cloud, which could be controlled by a third-party, exposes the secrets that are stored within the VNFs to a significant amount of threats. Trusted Execution Environments (TEEs) are hardware technologies dedicated to protect software from other malicious applications and users. Open Enclave and Asylo are two SDKs that decouple software and hardware and enable developers to build applications that utilize TEEs without creating hardware dependencies. Open Enclave and Asylo are still in an early stage of development, Asylo in particular. The impact of integrating Open Enclave and Asylo to VNFs from a security and performance perspective was addressed by performing a risk assessment and running performance experiments. The identified vulnerabilities in VNFs were mitigated by using available security properties from TEEs. The results show that protecting VNFs with Open Enclave and Asylo mitigate a significant amount of threats. However, the VNFs suffer from a performance penalty when using TEEs, and are still vulnerable to side-channel and Denial-of-Service attacks.
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Yung, Wing Ka Angela, and Wing Ka Angela Yung. "Collecting Normative Data For Video Head Impulse Testing." Thesis, The University of Arizona, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/625327.

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The semicircular canals are involved in the coding of angular acceleration of the head and body. Presently, video-nystagmography (VNG) and specifically, caloric testing, is the gold standard for evaluation of semicircular canal function. Caloric irrigation via VNG can only evaluate horizontal semicircular canal function; with this test, there is no way to evaluate the function of the anterior and posterior vertical semicircular canals. The video Head Impulse Test (vHIT) is a relatively new protocol that has the capability to test the function of the horizontal, anterior vertical, and posterior vertical semicircular canals. Because the vHIT system is newly available to clinicians, there is a need to collect normative data, particularly for the vertical semicircular canals. For this study, data was collected from 12 participants with no complaint or history of balance difficulty. Additionally, we compared our data with normative data collected in an earlier study to determine consistency. Lateral average velocity gain measurements were consistent however, a comparison of RALP an LARP velocity gain measurements showed inconsistency.
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Pelay, Johan. "Garantir la cohérence applicative lors des changements de configuration réseau : étude de cas sur la connectivité dans les Software Defined Infrastructures." Thesis, Rennes 1, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020REN1S001.

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Des solutions de vérification efficaces nous semblent indispensables afin d’assurer la continuité des services en place et le déploiement de nouveaux services dans les réseaux 5G. Cette problématique ne se limite pas aux techniques de vérification, nos travaux portent aussi sur la formalisation des besoins d'un service réseau complet. Nous avons travaillé sur un langage de programmation facilitant la vérification dans les contrôleurs SDN. Puis nous avons défini des contrats de comportement réseau afin de clarifier les propriétés à vérifier pour assurer le bon fonctionnement d'un service. Enfin nous avons étudié MANO pour proposer une extension du standard permettant de vérifier les configurations réseau au niveau de l'orchestrateur
We believe that effective verification solutions are essential to ensure the continuity of existing services and the deployment of new services in 5G networks. This problem is not limited to verification techniques, our work also concerns the formalization of needs of a complete network service. We worked on a programming language to facilitate verification in SDN controllers. Then we defined network behavior contracts to clarify the properties to be verified to ensure the proper functioning of a service. Finally, we studied MANO to propose an extension of the standard to check the network configurations at the orchestrator level
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Books on the topic "VnfG"

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Vsesoi͡uznoe nauchnoe obshchestvo gastroėnterologov (Soviet Union). Pravlenie. Plenum. Materialy Plenuma Pravlenii͡a VNOG: 30-31 okti͡abri͡a 1986 g. Riga: Ministerstvo zdravookhranenii͡a LatvSSR, 1986.

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Thng Thc Cu Vng Eating The Rainbow. Star Bright Books, 2010.

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East: City scape east ; Archiv der Wirklichkeit - ein Projekt der VNG = Stadt Land Ost. Ostfildern: Hatje Cantz, 2001.

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Book chapters on the topic "VnfG"

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Brunst, Holger, Andreas Knüpfer, Valentina Salapura, Joseph A. Fisher, Paolo Faraboschi, Cliff Young, and Franco P. Preparata. "VNG." In Encyclopedia of Parallel Computing, 2149. Boston, MA: Springer US, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-0-387-09766-4_2171.

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González, Jorge E., and Alexander Kiderman. "ENG/VNG." In Encyclopedia of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, 785–92. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-23499-6_624.

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Holst, Klaus Ewald, and Siegbert Ketelhut. "VNG — Verbundnetz Gas Aktiengesellschaft." In Deutsche Standards, 368–71. Wiesbaden: Gabler Verlag, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-322-93425-3_90.

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Holst, Klaus Ewald. "VNG — Verbundnetz GAS AG." In Deutsche Standards Beispielhafte Geschäftsberichte, 348–51. Wiesbaden: Gabler Verlag, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-322-99378-6_85.

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Kumar Bansal, Mukesh, Aswathy SV, and B. Krishnaswami. "VNF Security in Telco Environment." In Lecture Notes in Electrical Engineering, 275–85. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-15-7804-5_21.

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Yasrebi, Pouya, Spandan Bemby, Hadi Bannazadeh, and Alberto Leon-Garcia. "VNF Service Chaining on SAVI SDI." In Lecture Notes of the Institute for Computer Sciences, Social Informatics and Telecommunications Engineering, 11–17. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-27072-2_2.

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Stockmayer, Andreas, Stephan Hinselmann, Marco Häberle, and Michael Menth. "Service Function Chaining Based on Segment Routing Using P4 and SR-IOV (P4-SFC)." In Lecture Notes in Computer Science, 297–309. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-59851-8_19.

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Abstract In this paper we describe P4-SFC to support service function chaining (SFC) based on a single P4-capable switch and off-the-shelf components. It utilizes MPLS-based segment routing for traffic forwarding in the network and SR-IOV for efficient packet handling on hosts. We describe the P4-SFC architecture and demonstrate its feasibility by a prototype using the Tofino Edgecore Wedge 100BF-32X as P4 switch. Performance test show that L2 throughput for VNFs on a host is significantly larger when connected via SR-IOV with the host’s network interface card instead of over a software switch.
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Shi, Zhan, Ying Zeng, and Zanhong Wu. "VNF Deployment Method Based on Multipath Transmission." In Proceedings of the 9th International Conference on Computer Engineering and Networks, 867–74. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-15-3753-0_84.

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Rice, Chris, and Andre Fuetsch. "The Network Operating System: VNF Automation Platform." In Building the Network of the Future, 103–36. Boca Raton : Taylor & Francis, CRC Press, 2017.: Chapman and Hall/CRC, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781315208787-7.

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Jmila, Houda, Mohamed Ibn Khedher, and Mounim A. El Yacoubi. "Estimating VNF Resource Requirements Using Machine Learning Techniques." In Neural Information Processing, 883–92. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-70087-8_90.

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Conference papers on the topic "VnfG"

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Venâncio, Giovanni, Rogério Turchetti, and Elias P. Duarte Jr. "Gerência do Ciclo de Vida de VNFs e Implementação de Serviços Distribuídos na Rede." In XXXVII Simpósio Brasileiro de Redes de Computadores e Sistemas Distribuídos. Sociedade Brasileira de Computação - SBC, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.5753/sbrc_estendido.2019.7781.

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A Virtualização de Funções de Rede oferece uma alternativa flexível para projetar e gerenciar serviços de rede. Neste trabalho foi proposta a arquitetura de um VNF Manager (VNFM) para o gerenciamento do ciclo de vida de VNFs. O VNFM simplifica as operações de gerência e permite a interoperabilidade entre plataformas NFV. A segunda contribuição propõe a VNF-Consensus, uma VNF que sincroniza consistentemente o plano de controle distribuído em uma rede SDN. A VNF desacopla os mecanismos de sincronização, evitando a sobrecarga nos controladores. Por fim, a última contribuição é o AnyBone, um backbone virtual com serviços de difusão confiável e ordenada de mensagens implementados na própria rede. O AnyBone garante a ordem das mensagens através de um sequenciador, também implementado como uma VNF.
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Flauzino, José Wilson Vieira, Vinícius Fülber-Garcia, Giovanni Venâncio De Souza, and Elias Procópio Duarte Júnior. "Além do OpenStack: Disponibilizando o Suporte para Funções Virtualizadas de Rede NFV-MANO no CloudStack." In Simpósio Brasileiro de Redes de Computadores e Sistemas Distribuídos. Sociedade Brasileira de Computação, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.5753/sbrc.2020.12300.

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A arquitetura de referência NFV-MANO (NFV - Management and Orchestration) consiste de um conjunto de especificações relacionadas ao gerenciamento do ciclo de vida e orquestração de VNFs (Virtualized Network Functions). Curiosamente, boa parte dos esforços de desenvolvimento em NFV (Network Function Virtualization) são focados na plataforma de nuvem OpenStack e, em especial, no projeto Tacker. O CloudStack, porém, uma das principais plataformas de nuvens, tem sido superficialmente explorado no contexto do NFV-MANO. Este trabalho propõe o Vines (Vines Is an NFV-MANO Extensible Solution), uma solução integrada à plataforma CloudStack para implantação e gerenciamento do ciclo de vida de VNFs, o que inclui desde a instanciação, atualização e remoção de VNFs, até a recuperação automática de falhas e escalabilidade vertical. Para isso, um VNF Manager (VNFM) foi desenvolvido, disponibilizando um conjunto completo de operações de ciclo de vida de VNFs. Além disso, o Vines tem uma vantagem sobre o Tacker, pois suporta a gerência interna de VNFs. Resultados de experimentos comparativos entre o CloudStack/Vines e o OpenStack/Tacker, ressaltam a viabilidade da proposta.
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De Souza, Giovanni Venâncio, and Elias Procópio Duarte Jr. "Uma Arquitetura de Alta Disponibilidade para Funções Virtualizadas de Rede." In Simpósio Brasileiro de Redes de Computadores e Sistemas Distribuídos. Sociedade Brasileira de Computação, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.5753/sbrc.2020.12298.

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A virtualização vem revolucionando a forma como as redes são construídas e gerenciadas. Em especial, funções de rede implementadas em hardware dedicado podem ser substituídas por Virtual Network Functions (VNFs), obtidas inclusive em marketplaces na Internet. Entretanto, é inquestionável que as VNFs apresentam maior susceptibilidade a falhas. Este trabalho propõe uma arquitetura de alta disponibilidade para VNFs, englobando o gerenciamento de falhas e diversas estratégias de recuperação. Como as VNFs executam em ambientes virtualizados, para VNFs stateful é possível copiar todo o seu estado, uma estratégia atraente e que não exige modificações no código interno da VNF. A estratégia é baseada em Checkpoint/Restore e a arquitetura foi projetada de acordo com à arquitetura de referência NFV-MANO. Um protótipo foi implementado como prova de conceito e resultados experimentais são apresentados.
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Rosa, Raphael Vicente, and Christian Esteve Rothenberg. "Taking Open vSwitch to the Gym: An Automated Benchmarking Approach." In IV Workshop Pré-IETF. Sociedade Brasileira de Computação - SBC, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.5753/wpietf.2017.3605.

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Performance benchmarking in Network Function Virtualization (NFV) pose challenging issues due to all moving parts of virtualized infrastructures potentially affecting the packet processing performance of Virtualized Network Functions (VNFs). Despite the advances in best-of-breed network virtualization technologies, the dependencies on the underlying allocated hardware resources, their characteristics and customized configurations, result in benchmarking hazards that call for innovative and standardized testing methodologies towards adequate VNF performance profiling. To this end, we designed and prototyped Gym, a testing framework for automated NFV performance benchmarking we experimentally validated on Open vSwitch as a target VNF. The design principles and implementation of Gym demonstrate an useful apparatus to assist standards organizations formalizing VNF testing methodologies.
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Rosa, Raphael, and Christian Rothenberg. "Experiences in IETF-BMWG: Towards a Methodology for VNF Benchmarking Automation." In Workshop Pré-IETF. Sociedade Brasileira de Computação, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.5753/wpietf.2020.13795.

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Network Functions Virtualization (NFV) aims at high-end carriergrade performance but lacks common methodologies for testing Virtual Network Functions (VNFs). Benchmarking VNFs should consider different degrees of freedom instead of the black-box common approaches created for bare metal network functions. We understand such status-quo needs to be altered having basis on the solid ground of extensive and automated experimentation. Since 2015, we have been addressing a role in this scenario, from a position paper to the creation of the draft “Methodology for VNF Benchmarking Automation” in the Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF) Benchmarking Methodology Working Group (BMWG). This paper tells the tale about this draft in BMWG, associated with the perks of developing an open source reference implementation and academic papers, as the means of the old IETF mantra on running code. The story intends to showcase our experiences in IETF and BMWG, covering technical content (e.g., YANG models) as much as draft reviews on mailing-lists.
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Kim, Hee-Gon, Se-Yeon Jeong, Do-Young Lee, Heeyoul Choi, Jae-Hyung Yoo, and James Won-Ki Hong. "A Deep Learning Approach to VNF Resource Prediction using Correlation between VNFs." In 2019 IEEE Conference on Network Softwarization (NetSoft). IEEE, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/netsoft.2019.8806620.

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Kianpisheh, Somayeh, and Roch H. Glitho. "Cost-Efficient Server Provisioning for Deadline-Constrained VNFs Chains: A Parallel VNF Processing Approach." In 2019 16th IEEE Annual Consumer Communications & Networking Conference (CCNC). IEEE, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/ccnc.2019.8651799.

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Huff, Alexandre, Giovanni Venâncio, Leonardo da C. Marcuzzo, Vinícius F. Garcia, Carlos R. P. dos Santos, and Elias P. Duarte Jr. "Uma Abordagem Holística para a Definição de Service Chains Utilizando Click-on-OSv sobre Diferentes Plataformas NFV." In Simpósio Brasileiro de Redes de Computadores e Sistemas Distribuídos. Sociedade Brasileira de Computação - SBC, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.5753/sbrc.2018.2489.

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A implantação de serviços em redes virtualizadas pode ser feita através da composição de várias funções implementadas como VNFs (Virtual Network Functions). A instanciação de VNFs e o encaminhamento do tráfego em uma ordem definida através das mesmas forma uma SFC (Service Function Chain). Este trabalho propõe um framework para a composição e o gerenciamento do ciclo de vida de SFCs formadas por VNFs programadas sobre o Click-on-OSv. Além disso, a proposta deste artigo amplia este contexto, possibilitando a execução de SFCs em diferentes orquestradores NFV. A abordagem proposta define uma APIúnica para a composição de SFCs que permite abstrair as especificidades dos orquestradores NFV. Um protótipo do framework foi implementado para realizar a composição e o gerenciamento de SFCs formadas por VNFs programadas com Click-on-OSv sobre o orquestrador NFV OpenStack Tacker.
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Luizelli, Marcelo, Luciana Buriol, and Luciano Gaspary. "Scalable Cost-Efficient Placement and Chaining of Virtual Network Functions." In XXXVI Simpósio Brasileiro de Redes de Computadores e Sistemas Distribuídos. Sociedade Brasileira de Computação - SBC, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.5753/sbrc_estendido.2018.14184.

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While Network Function Virtualization (NFV) is increasingly gaining momentum, with promising benefits of flexible service function deployment and reduced operations and management costs, there are several challenges that remain to be properly tackled, so that it can realize its full potential. One of these challenges, which has a significant impact on the NFV production chain, is effectively and (cost) efficiently deploying service functions, while ensuring that service level agreements are satisfied and making wise allocations of network resources. Despite recent research activity in the field, little has been done towards scalable and cost-efficient placement & chaining of virtual network functions (VNFs) – a key feature for the effective success of NFV. In this thesis, we approach VNF placement and chaining as an optimization problem in the context of Interand Intra-datacenter. We formalize the Virtual Network Function Placement and Chaining (VNFPC) problem and propose a mathematical model to solve it. Our model has established one of the first baseline comparison in the field of resource management in NFV and has been widely used in the recent literature. We also address scalability of VNFPC problem to solve large instances by proposing a novel fix-and-optimize-based heuristic algorithm for tackling it. Further, we extensively measure the performance limitations of realistic NFV deployments. Based on that, we propose an analytical model that accurately predict incurred operational costs. Then, we develop an optimal Intra-datacenter service chain deployment mechanism based on our cost model. Finally, we tackle the problem of monitoring service chains in NFV-based environments efficiently.
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Huff, Alexandre, Giovanni Venâncio, and Elias P. Duarte Jr. "Multi-SFC: Orquestração de SFCs Distribuídas sobre Múltiplas Nuvens em Múltiplos Domínios com Múltiplas Plataformas NFV." In XXXVII Simpósio Brasileiro de Redes de Computadores e Sistemas Distribuídos. Sociedade Brasileira de Computação - SBC, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.5753/sbrc.2019.7402.

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A arquitetura NFV-MANO, amplamente adotada por soluções NFV (Network Function Virtualization) inclui o elemento NFVO (NFV Orchestrator) para apoiar a orquestração de SFC (Service Function Chaining). Este trabalho propõe uma estratégia para a orquestração de Multi-SFCs: SFCs distribuídas sobre múltiplas nuvens, possivelmente em múltiplos domínios, orquestradas por NFVOs de múltiplas plataformas NFV. Soluções existentes são monolíticas, pois se restringem a SFCs compostas por VNFs (Virtual Network Functions) de uma única nuvem/domínio/orquestrador. A estratégia proposta estabelece túneis através da instanciação de VNFs em pontos específicos da Multi-SFC, permitindo a instanciação e comunicação segura de recursos em múltiplos domínios. Diversas tarefas de gerenciamento, incluindo a configuração das infraestruturas NFV são transparentes para o operador. Resultados experimentais avaliam a solução, comparando a abordagem proposta em termos de desempenho e consumo de recursos.
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Reports on the topic "VnfG"

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Lagutin, Andrey, and Tatyana Sidorina. SYSTEM OF FORMATION OF PROFESSIONAL AND PERSONAL SELF-GOVERNMENT AMONG CADETS OF MILITARY INSTITUTES. Science and Innovation Center Publishing House, December 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.12731/self-government.

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When carrying out professional activities, officers of the VNG of the Russian Federation are often in difficult, stressful, emotionally stressful situations associated with the use of weapons as a particularly dangerous means of destruction. The right to use a weapon by an officer makes him responsible for its use. And therefore requires the officer to make a balanced optimal decision, which is associated with the risk and transience of events, and in which no mistake can be made, since the price of it can be someone's life. It is at such a moment that it is important that the officer has stable skills in making a decision on the use of weapons, and this requires skills not only in managing subordinates or the situation,but in managing himself. The complication of the military-professional activity, manifested in the need to develop the ability to quickly and accurately make command decisions, exacerbating the problem of social responsibility of an officer who has the management of unit that leads to an understanding of his singular personal and professional responsibility, as the ability to govern themselves makes it possible to achieve a positive result of the Department for the DBA. This characterizes the need for a commander to have the ability to manage himself, as a "system" that manages others. Forming skills of self-control, patience, compassion, having mastered algorithms of making managerial decisions, the cycle of implementing managerial functions, etc., a person comes to the belief: "before effectively managing others, it is necessary to learn how to manage yourself." The required level of personal and professional maturity can be formed in a person as a result of purposeful self-management, which determines the special role of professional and personal self-management in the training of future officers.
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