Journal articles: 'Vocal range'

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Yen, You-Zhen, Chia-Hsin Wu, and Roger W. Chan. "A Mandarin Chinese Reading Passage for Eliciting Significant Vocal Range Variations." Journal of Speech, Language, and Hearing Research 64, no. 4 (April 14, 2021): 1117–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1044/2020_jslhr-20-00424.

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Purpose There is a lack of standardized Mandarin reading text material that could potentially elicit significant variations in fundamental frequency (F0) and in vocal intensity for clinical voice evaluation. In this study, a phonetically balanced “Three Bears Passage” was developed based on the classical “Goldilocks” story for this purpose. The hypothesis was that the vocal range (F0 range and Intensity range) elicited while reading aloud the passage could be similar to that of the voice range profile (VRP) obtained with sustained vowel production and significantly different from that while reading an existing standard Mandarin passage. Method One hundred twenty young adults (60 men and 60 women, aged 25.22 ± 3.74 years) without vocal pathologies and vocal training participated in the study. Vocal range data, including F0-related measures and intensity-related measures, were obtained with Praat in order to construct VRPs for the sustained /a/ and to construct speech range profiles for passage reading. Results F0 range and intensity range for the new passage were significantly larger than those for the existing Mandarin passage for both male and female participants. In particular, the F0 range for the passage was not significantly different from that of the VRP for male participants. Conclusions These findings suggested that the new passage could allow individuals without vocal training to demonstrate a large vocal range in both F0 and vocal intensity, in a passage reading setting in a relatively short time. Further studies should be pursued with the passage to investigate the vocal range and vocal potential of individuals with voice disorders.

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Tobolski, Erica. "Essay Opposite Gender Monologue: Expanding Vocal Range." Voice and Speech Review 5, no. 1 (January 2007): 33–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/23268263.2007.10769738.

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Ghosh, Sujan, Indranil Chatterjee, Piyali Kundu, Susmi Pani, Suman Kumar, and Joyanta Chandra Mandal. "Impact of hydration on vocal loading using phonetogram measures." International Journal of Otorhinolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery 7, no. 8 (July 23, 2021): 1317. http://dx.doi.org/10.18203/issn.2454-5929.ijohns20212900.

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Background: Vocal loading is a phenomenon that affects the vocal folds and voice parameters. Prolonged vocal loading may cause vocal fatigue. Hydration is one of the easiest precautions to reduce the effect of vocal loading. Voice range profile is an analysis of a participant’s vocal intensity and fundamental frequency ranges. Speech range profile is a graphical display of frequency intensity interactions occurring during functional speech activity. Phonetogram software can analyse VRP and SRP.Methods: Total sixty normophonic participants (thirty male and thirty female) were included in this study. Phonetogram, version 4.40 by Tiger DRS, software used to measure the voice range profile and speech range profile. For VRP, participants were asked to produce vowel /a/ and a passage reading task was given for SRP measurement.Results: All sample recording were done at pre vocal loading task, VLT and after hydration. Parameter that were used to measure the effects were Fo-range, semitone, max-F, min-F, SPL range, max-I, min-I, area (dB). Result showed that after VLT all other parameters like Fo-range, semitone, max-F, min-F, SPL range, max-I, min-I, area (dB) in VRP and SRP were reduced except min-F VRP in male, min-I VRP and min-I SRP in both male and female participants. After hydration all other parameters were improved except max-F VRP and min-F VRP in female, max-I VRP, min-F VRP and area VRP.Conclusions: This study concluded that vocal loading has negative impact on vocal fold tissue and mass.

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Schwartz, Sandra M. "Voice Range Profiles of Middle School and High School Choral Directors." Journal of Research in Music Education 56, no. 4 (January 2009): 293–309. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0022429408328670.

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Vocal demands of teaching are significant, and this challenge is compounded for choral directors who depend on the voice for communicating information or demonstrating music concepts. The purpose of this study is to examine the frequency and intensity of middle and high school choral directors' voices and to compare choral directors' voices with vocally trained and untrained singers and trained healthy and dysphonic voices using a voice range profile. Results indicated that (a) choral directors' vocal intensity range was significantly smaller than both healthy and dysphonic trained voices, (b) choral directors' minimum intensity was significantly higher than healthy and dysphonic trained voices, and (c) vocal frequency ranges of choral directors were reduced as compared with trained and untrained singers and healthy trained voices. The results of this study provide evidence that choral directors are at risk for developing vocal problems. Preservice vocal health training is recommended to reduce voice problems among choral directors.

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Subbotina, M. V., and I. B. Zabbarova. "Effect of voice fold length on voice range in novice vocalists." Russian Otorhinolaryngology 19, no. 2 (2021): 43–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.18692/1810-4800-2021-2-43-49.

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The aim of the study was to determine the effect of vocal cord length on vocal range in aspiring vocalists. On the basis of the Frederic Chopin Irkutsk Regional College of Music. 141 student vocalists (18 ± 3.6 years, 122 girls) underwent indirect laryngoscopy, the length of the vocal folds was measured using an ultrasound scan of the larynx using an Aloka SSD 500 apparatus with a 5 MHz sensor during breathing and during phonation of the lowest and highest tones, measured weight and height, the voice range in Hz and the number of semitones were assessed. Spearman’s correlation coefficient was calculated, the significance of differences according to the U-Mann – Whitney and Wilcoxon criteria was calculated using the Statistica 10.0 software (reliable data at p <0.05*). Results. Spearman’s correlation coefficient was: between the length of the vocal folds and weight + 0.52*, height + 0.43*, gender + 0.45* (female 1, male 2), the lowest tone –0.34*, between height and the lowest tone is –0.23*. The range of the voice in arbitrary units and Hz correlated weakly with the length of the folds during breathing (-0.18/–0.24*, respectively), with the lowest pitch (+ 0.42/+ 0.59 *), but there was a high correlation with the highest (+ 0.88/+ 0.99*). The latter depended on: the length of the vocal folds at rest (–0.32*), weight (–0.25*), gender (–0.45*), the length of the folds during high-pitched phonation (–0.6*). Differences in the length of the vocal folds during breathing in female vocalists with different vocal ranges were not significant, while in males and females (soprano) they were significant. The length of the fold during phonation in all types of voices was shorter than during breathing. The voice range of novice vocalists was increased mainly by high tones in parallel with the shortening of folds during phonation, which could be measured using ultrasound scanning and which is achieved by training.

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Nurfarhana Mohd Arif, Siti, Mawaddah Azman, Sharifa Ezat Wan Puteh, Nur Shahrina Mohd Zawawi, Abdullah Sani, and Marina Mat Baki. "The Reliability of Vocal Intensity and Pitch Range in Unilateral Vocal Fold Palsy Patients." Acta Scientific Otolaryngology 3, no. 5 (April 28, 2021): 94–100. http://dx.doi.org/10.31080/asol.2021.03.0229.

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Garnier, Maëva, Nathalie Henrich, John Smith, and Joe Wolfe. "Vocal tract adjustments in the high soprano range." Journal of the Acoustical Society of America 127, no. 6 (June 2010): 3771–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1121/1.3419907.

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Winholtz, William S., and Lorraine Olson Ramig. "Vocal Tremor Analysis With the Vocal Demodulator." Journal of Speech, Language, and Hearing Research 35, no. 3 (June 1992): 562–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1044/jshr.3503.562.

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Acoustic analysis of vocal tremor has the potential to make significant quantitative and diagnostic contributions to the study of vocal disorders. This paper presents a new device for analysis of vocal tremor. The Vocal Demodulator produces amplitude- and frequency-demodulated outputs and measures the frequency and level (percent) of low-frequency tremor components in sustained phonation. A standard microphone is used to transduce the voice signal for input to the demodulator. The input fundamental frequency (F o ) range is 70–1200 Hz, and frequency response of the amplitude and frequency demodulation is 2.5–25 Hz. Five parameters are displayed in real time: F o , amplitude-modulation frequency, amplitude-modulation level, frequency-modulation frequency, and frequency-modulation level. Validation, calibration, and reliability data from synthesized test signals with modulation, as well as phonation from subjects with vocal tremor, subjects producing vibrato, and subjects with normal voice are presented. Research and clinical applications of this device are suggested.

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Heylen, Louis, Floris L. Wuyts, Fons Mertens, Marc De Bodt, Jos Pattyn, Christophe Croux, and Paul H. Van de Heyning. "Evaluation of the Vocal Performance of Children Using a Voice Range Profile Index." Journal of Speech, Language, and Hearing Research 41, no. 2 (April 1998): 232–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1044/jslhr.4102.232.

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Voice range profiles (VRPs) were analyzed according to 11 frequency, intensity, and morphological characteristics for 94 normal children and 136 children with vocal fold pathologies (ages 6–11 years). Normative data are presented showing marked differences between the groups. Using a specific combination of the child's age, the highest vocal fundamental frequency, the lowest intensity, and the slope of the upper VRP contour, a Voice Range Profile Index for Children (VRPIc) may be constructed using discriminant analysis. It is shown how the VRPIc can be used to screen children for vocal disorder or to quantitatively assess the effectiveness of voice treatment. Since the group means of the VRPIc for healthy and dysphonic children are scaled to +10 and –10, respectively, the VRPIc enables the clinician to rate a child's vocal performance with reference to healthy and dysphonic children in general. The sensitivity and specificity of this method was found to be 90% and 83%, respectively.

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Chinn, Beverly Johnson. "Vocal Self-Identification Singing Style, and Singing Range in Relationship to a Measure of Cultural Mistrust in African-American Adolescent Females." Journal of Research in Music Education 45, no. 4 (December 1997): 636–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3345428.

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The purpose of this study was to determine the relationship between high or low cultural mistrust and the vocal characteristics of African-American adolescent females (N = 44). The vocal characteristics were vocal self identification, singing style, and singing range. The subjects were assigned to high or low cultural mistrust groups based on scores on the Cultural Mistrust Inventory. A researcher-devised vocal self-identification survey provided information about the subjects' vocal self-concepts and acceptance of vocal models. Subjects sang “America” in a key and style of choice for the singing-style measurement. The performances were analyzed for eight style characteristics: bends, glides, breathiness, hoarseness, raspiness, dips, hard attacks, and emphasis of chest voice. Results indicated statistically significant differences between two groups on each vocal characteristic. The high-mistrust group demonstrated more characteristics associated with the African-American culture than did the low-mistrust group.

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Titze, Ingo R., Tobias Riede, Anil Palaparthi, Linda S. Hynan, Amy Hamilton, Laura Toles, and Ted Mau. "Individualized Patient Vocal Priorities for Tailored Therapy." Journal of Speech, Language, and Hearing Research 61, no. 12 (December 10, 2018): 2884–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1044/2018_jslhr-s-18-0109.

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Purpose The purposes of this study are to introduce the concept of vocal priorities based on acoustic correlates, to develop an instrument to determine these vocal priorities, and to analyze the pattern of vocal priorities in patients with voice disorders. Method Questions probing the importance of 5 vocal attributes (vocal clarity, loudness, mean speaking pitch, pitch range, vocal endurance) were generated from consensus conference involving speech-language pathologists, laryngologists, and voice scientists, as well as patient feedback. The responses to the preliminary items from 213 subjects were subjected to exploratory factor analysis, which confirmed 4 of the predefined domains. The final instrument consisted of a 16-item Vocal Priority Questionnaire probing the relative importance of clarity, loudness, mean speaking pitch, and pitch range. Results The Vocal Priority Questionnaire had high reliability (Cronbach's α = .824) and good construct validity. A majority of the cohort (61%) ranked vocal clarity as their highest vocal priority, and 20%, 12%, and 7% ranked loudness, mean speaking pitch, and pitch range, respectively, as their highest priority. The frequencies of the highest ranked priorities did not differ by voice diagnosis or by sex. Considerable individual variation in vocal priorities existed within these large trends. Conclusions A patient's vocal priorities can be identified and taken into consideration in planning behavioral or surgical intervention for a voice disorder. Inclusion of vocal priorities in treatment planning empowers the patient in shared decision making, helps the clinician tailor treatment, and may also improve therapy compliance.

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Leeper, Herbert A., and Elizabeth Jones. "Frequency and Intensity Effects upon Temporal and Aerodynamic Aspects of Vocal Fold Diadochokinesis." Perceptual and Motor Skills 73, no. 3 (December 1991): 880–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.2466/pms.1991.73.3.880.

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The present study of vocal fold diadochokinesis in 18 young adult women yielded statistically significant differences in intensity (at percentiles 25%, 50%, 75% of range) of production for vowel /⁁/ repetition rate. In addition, there were statistically significant differences for vocal frequency and intensity effects for airflow rate through the vocal folds at the 25th, 50th, and 75th percentile points within the functional vocal range. Clinical applications of the data axe suggested.

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Kim, Jinyoung. "Children's Pitch Matching, Vocal Range, and Developmentally Appropriate Practice." Journal of Research in Childhood Education 14, no. 2 (June 2000): 152–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/02568540009594760.

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King, Stephanie L., and Peter K. McGregor. "Vocal matching: the what, the why and the how." Biology Letters 12, no. 10 (October 2016): 20160666. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsbl.2016.0666.

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Over the years, vocal matching has progressed beyond being an interesting behavioural phenomenon to one that now has relevance to a wide range of fields. In this review, we use birds and cetaceans to explain what vocal matching is, why animals vocally match and how vocal matching can be identified. We show that while the functional aspects of vocal matching are similar, the contexts in which matching is used can differ between taxa. Whereas vocal matching in songbirds facilitates mate attraction and the immediate defence of resources, in parrots and cetaceans it plays a role in the maintenance of social bonds and the promotion of behavioural synchrony. We propose criteria for defining vocal matching with the aim of stimulating more matching studies across a wider range of taxa, including those using other, non-vocal, communication modalities. Finally, we encourage future studies to explore the importance of vocal learning in the development of vocal matching, and the information it may provide to third parties in the communication network.

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Myers, K. F. "The Relationship Between Degree of Disability and Vocal Range, Vocal Range Midpoint, and Pitch-Matching Ability of Mentally Retarded and Psychiatric Clients." Journal of Music Therapy 22, no. 1 (March 1, 1985): 35–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jmt/22.1.35.

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Titze, Ingo R., and Anil Palaparthi. "Vocal Loudness Variation With Spectral Slope." Journal of Speech, Language, and Hearing Research 63, no. 1 (January 22, 2020): 74–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1044/2019_jslhr-19-00018.

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Objective This investigation addresses the loudness variations in sones achievable with spectral slope variations (higher harmonic energy) in human vocalization and compares it to the sound pressure level (SPL) variations typically reported in the voice range profile (VRP). Method The primary methodology was computational. The ISO standard 226 was used to convert SPL values to sones for a 125- to 1000-Hz range of fundamental frequency and a –3 dB/octave to –12 dB/octave range of spectral slope. In addition, a retrospective analysis of human subjects' VRPs was conducted, and the experimental results were compared to the theoretical results. Results A very small range of SPL variation (less than 5 dB) in the VRP can produce a large range of loudness. The sensitivity can be on the order of 4 sones per dB SPL change. Conclusion For vocalization in the modal register, loudness variation is not well described by SPL change in dB, especially at high fundamental frequencies where the SPL range in the VRP becomes very small but sizeable loudness variations are still possible.

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Ammirante, Paolo, and Frank A. Russo. "Low-Skip Bias." Music Perception 32, no. 4 (April 1, 2015): 355–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/mp.2015.32.4.355.

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Skips are relatively infrequent in diatonic melodies and are compositionally treated in systematic ways. This treatment has been attributed to deliberate compositional strategies that are also subject to certain constraints. Study 1 showed that ease of vocal production may be accommodated compositionally. Number of skips and their distribution within a melody’s pitch range were compared between diverse statistical samples of vocal and instrumental melodies. Skips occurred less frequently in vocal melodies. Skips occurred more frequently in melodies’ lower and upper ranges, but there were more low skips than high (“low-skip bias”), especially in vocal melodies. Study 2 replicated these findings in the vocal and instrumental melodies of a single composition (Bach’s Mass in B minor). Study 3 showed that among the instrumental melodies of classical composers, low-skip bias was correlated with the proportion of vocal music within composers’ total output. We propose that, to varying degrees, composers apply a vocal template to instrumental melodies.

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Linville, Sue Ellen, Brenda D. Skarin, and Elio Fornatto. "The Interrelationship of Measures Related to Vocal Function, Speech Rate, and Laryngeal Appearance in Elderly Women." Journal of Speech, Language, and Hearing Research 32, no. 2 (June 1989): 323–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1044/jshr.3202.323.

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The purpose of this investigation was to explore the interrelationship of various measures related to vocal function, speech rate, and laryngeal appearance in elderly women. Speakers were 20 women ranging in age from 67 to 86 years. An indirect laryngoscopic examination that included judgments on glottal closure and vocal fold appearance was performed on each speaker. Eight measures related to vocal performance (the production capabilities of the mechanism with regard to pitch range, intensity range, and phonation time) were collected on each speaker. Further, acoustic measures of intensity and fundamental frequency stability were made from sustained vowels, and a reading passage was analyzed for reading rate and intensity level. Factor analysis procedures revealed an association of maximum phonation time with measures of vocal intensity, as well as with pitch range measures. Surprisingly, reading rate was grouped with measures of F o stability as well as with maximum vocal intensity. Although laryngoscopic findings are in general agreement with those reported previously in elderly women (Honjo & Isshiki, 1980), inadequate glottal closure was observed more frequently, and vocal cord edema less frequently, in these women.

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Phillips, Kenneth H., and Randall E. Aitchison. "Effects of Psychomotor Instruction on Elementary General Music Students' Singing Performance." Journal of Research in Music Education 45, no. 2 (July 1997): 185–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3345579.

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This study is an investigation of the effects of a year-long program of vocal instruction I on measures of respiration (vital capacity, peak flow, duration) and singing performance (high pitch, low pitch, total range, pitch accuracy) among general music students in Grades 4, 5, and 6 (n = 269). A posttest-only control-group design was used with intact classes randomly assigned to either experimental or control conditions. Results of 2 ? 2 ? 3 factorial analyses (MANOVA and ANOVA) were as follows: (1) breath support (peak flow) may be improved with instruction; (2) vital capacity seems to be affected more by age than by instruction; (3) breath control (duration) may be improved with instruction, especially among fifth-grade students; (4) highest pitch of vocal range may be improved with instruction; (5) lowest pitch of vocal range may be improved with instruction, especially for boys; (6) total vocal range may be improved with instruction, especially for boys; (7) pitch accuracy seems to be greater for girl than for boys, and boys pitch accuracy may not be helped with vocal instruction when there is a reluctance to sing in the treble range.

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Guzman, Marco, Vrushali Angadi, Daniel Croake, Christopher Catalan, Constanza Romero, Gabriela Acuña, Camilo Quezada, Richard Andreatta, and Joseph Stemple. "Does a Systematic Vocal Exercise Program Enhance the Physiologic Range of Voice Production in Classical Singing Graduate-Level Students?" Journal of Speech, Language, and Hearing Research 63, no. 4 (April 27, 2020): 1044–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1044/2020_jslhr-19-00362.

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Purpose The purpose of this study was to assess the effects of vocal function exercises (VFEs) on the physiologic range of the operatic voice. The primary outcome measure was total voice range profile (VRP) area. Method Forty graduate-level opera majors were randomly assigned to experimental (training with VFE + vocal hygiene) and control (vocal hygiene only) groups. All participants underwent an acoustic voice assessment (modified VRP) pre and post 10 weeks of the assigned intervention. VRP total area was calculated and compared between and within the two groups. The total VRP area was subsequently divided into three area thirds (low, medium, and high). Results A significant improvement (increase) was observed in the VFE group for the primary outcome measure of VRP area when pre- and postvoice conditions were compared for total area, upper third, and middle third. No significant improvement was found in the vocal hygiene–only group. Conclusion Vocal training with VFEs over a 10-week period demonstrated positive effects on physiologic voice range as evidenced by an increase in the total VRP area and therefore may enhance the potential of those who already have professional voice training.

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Lablance, Gary R., and Michael D. Maves. "Acoustic Characteristics of Post-Thyroplasty Patients." Otolaryngology–Head and Neck Surgery 107, no. 4 (October 1992): 558–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/019459989210700408.

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This study investigated changes in voice quality after thyroplasty type I in eight adults with unilateral vocal fold paralysis. A silicone rubber implant was inserted through a window in the thyroid ala and placed between the inner and outer perichondrium to externally medialize the abducted vocal fold. Measures of fundamental frequency (vocal pitch), pitch range, maximum phonation time, s/z ratio, pitch perturbation (vocal jitter), and amplitude perturbation (vocal shimmer) were made 1 to 2 weeks preoperatively and 1 month postoperatively. Postoperative voice quality was characterized by an improved pitch range, phonation time, s/z ratio, and pitch and amplitude perturbation. No change was noted in fundamental frequency. Changes in postoperative voice quality were unrelated to the subjects' preoperative age, sex, etiology, and duration of the paralysis.

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Lloyd, R. V., and N. S. Jones. "Paradoxical vocal fold movement: a case report." Journal of Laryngology & Otology 109, no. 11 (November 1995): 1105–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022215100132141.

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AbstractParadoxical vocal fold movement leads to marked inspiratory stridor with adduction of the vocal folds on inspiration. A patient is presented who illustrates some of the difficulties in diagnosis and management. A range of treatments were tried including tracheostomy, laser arytenoidectomy and vocal fold lateralization.

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Landman, Rogier, Jitendra Sharma, Julia B. Hyman, Adrian Fanucci-Kiss, Olivia Meisner, Shivangi Parmar, Guoping Feng, and Robert Desimone. "Close-range vocal interaction in the common marmoset (Callithrix jacchus)." PLOS ONE 15, no. 4 (April 16, 2020): e0227392. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0227392.

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Raemaekers, Jeremy J., and Patricia M. Raemaekers. "Long-Range Vocal Interactions Between Groups of Gibbons (Hylobates Lar)." Behaviour 95, no. 1-2 (1985): 26–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/156853985x00037.

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AbstractWe report on long-range duet interactions among twelve wild groups of lar gibbons (Hylobates lar) in Thailand. Statistical analysis demonstrates that groups were more likely to respond with an answering duet to a duet sung by a neighbouring group than to one sung by a non-neighbouring group in the population. A distinctive pattern of response among neighbours was to wait until a neighbouring group had finished its duet before immediately answering with a duet, resulting in avoidance of overlap between the two duets. Non-neighbours did not exhibit this pattern. The effect is shown to be due solely to neighbour status and not to the degree of mutual audibility of the duets. There was no evidence that, when duets overlapped, the first group to sing modified the length of its duet in response to the second duet, whether given by a neighbour or by a non-neighbour. In general, among those groups which responded to one another's duets, there were no identifiable leaders and followers: the order of duetting groups was random. We discuss why neighbours interact more by duet than do non-neighbours, and consider what may be the functions of avoiding overlap of duets.

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Deutsch, Diana, Tom North, and Lee Ray. "Vocal range for speech determines perception of a musical pattern." Journal of the Acoustical Society of America 86, S1 (November 1989): S17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1121/1.2027394.

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Wagner, Bernhard, Dan C. Mann, Shahrzad Afroozeh, Gabriel Staubmann, and Marisa Hoeschele. "Octave equivalence perception is not linked to vocal mimicry: budgerigars fail standardized operant tests for octave equivalence." Behaviour 156, no. 5-8 (2019): 479–504. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/1568539x-00003538.

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Abstract Octave equivalence describes the perceived similarity of notes separated by an octave or a doubling in frequency. In humans, octave equivalence perception is used in vocal learning, enabling young children to approximate adult sounds where the pitch lies outside of their vocal range. This makes sense because the octave is also the first harmonic of any tonal sound including the human voice. We hypothesized that non-human animals may also need octave equivalence perception in vocal mimicry, the copying of other species or environmental sounds, to approximate sounds where the pitch lies outside their vocal range. Thus, in the current study, we tested budgerigars (Melopsittacus undulatus), a vocal mimicking species, for octave equivalence perception. Budgerigars were trained and tested in a go/no-go operant task previously verified in humans. Budgerigars did not show evidence of octave equivalence perception. This result suggests that vocal-mimicking does not necessarily facilitate or presuppose octave equivalence perception.

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Sharma, Vasudha, Srikanth Nayak, and Usha Devadas. "A survey of vocal health in church choir singers." European Archives of Oto-Rhino-Laryngology 278, no. 8 (April 10, 2021): 2907–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00405-021-06770-0.

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Abstract Purpose Choir singing is an important tradition of Christian worship across India. However, vocal health issues related to the church choir singers are less addressed in the literature. Hence, this study aimed to investigate the prevalence of vocal symptoms, identify the variables associated with increased risk of voice problems and knowledge of factors influencing vocal health in church choir singers. Method One hundred and forty-eight church choir singers (61 males and 85 females) between the age range of 18 and 70 years participated in the study. They completed a self-reported questionnaire addressing demographic and singing-related details, vocal symptoms, variables associated with increased risk reporting voice problems and knowledge about factors influencing vocal health. Result Eighty-four percent of the choir singers reported two or more vocal symptoms sometimes or more frequently while or after singing. More than half of the church choir singers had experienced vocal symptoms such as accessing notes in the upper range, loss of vocal endurance, pitch breaks, hoarseness, dryness in the throat, and discomfort in the throat. Among the different variables, systemic hydration found to have a significant association with reporting of voice problems in church choir singers. The overall knowledge regarding the factors influencing vocal health was found to be limited among the choir singers. Conclusion Choir singers like other professional singers experienced a higher prevalence of vocal symptoms during or after singing and exhibited limited knowledge about factors that negatively influence vocal health. Hence, there is a need to look into these singer’s vocal requirements, who usually go unnoticed.

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Santos, Andréia Cristina Muznlinger dos, Maria Cristina de Menezes Borrego, and Mara Behlau. "Effect of direct and indirect voice training in Speech-Language Pathology and Audiology students." CoDAS 27, no. 4 (August 2015): 384–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/2317-1782/20152014232.

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PURPOSE: To verify the effect of two approaches of vocal training in Speech Language Pathology and Audiology students, a direct and an indirect approach.METHODS: Participants were 25 female Speech Language Pathology and Audiology students divided into two groups: direct training with vocal exercises, DTG (n=13); and indirect training with vocal orientations, ITG (n=12). The training sessions were conducted by the same speech language pathologist in six weekly sessions of 30 minutes. Both groups underwent multidimensional voice assessment, pre- and post-training: vocal self-assessment; Vocal Symptoms Scale (VSS); auditory perceptual analysis of sustained vowel and connected speech; acoustic analysis of voice through the Vocal Range Profile (VRP) and Speech Range Profile (SRP); and Group Climate Questionnaire, only at the end of training.RESULTS: The DTG showed changes in auditory perceptual analysis of vowel, which was less diverted after training; and expansion of the voice range in the VRP and SRP, which proves best vocal performance. However, the ITG showed no changes in any of the parameters evaluated. In Group Climate, the ITG obtained the highest conflict score in comparison to the DTG, probably because the indirect approach did not favor exchange in the group and did not allow a better quality interaction.CONCLUSION: The direct approach provided greater benefits to students than the indirect approach, with significant change in voice quality, and can serve as inspiration to Speech Language Pathology and Audiology courses to prevent dysphonia.

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Hunter, Eric J., Mark L. Berardi, and Miriam van Mersbergen. "Relationship Between Tasked Vocal Effort Levels and Measures of Vocal Intensity." Journal of Speech, Language, and Hearing Research 64, no. 6 (June 4, 2021): 1829–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1044/2021_jslhr-20-00465.

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Purpose Patients with voice problems commonly report increased vocal effort, regardless of the underlying pathophysiology. Previous studies investigating vocal effort and voice production have used a range of methods to quantify vocal effort. The goals of the current study were to use the Borg CR100 effort scale to (a) demonstrate the relation between vocal intensity or vocal level (dB) and tasked vocal effort goals and (b) investigate the repeated measure reliability of vocal level at tasked effort level goals. Method Three types of speech (automatic, read, and structured spontaneous) were elicited at four vocal effort level goals on the Borg CR100 scale (2, 13, 25, and 50) from 20 participants (10 females and 10 males). Results Participants' vocal level reliably changed approximately 5 dB between the elicited effort level goals; this difference was statistically significant and repeatable. Biological females produced a voice with consistently less intensity for a vocal effort level goal compared to biological males. Conclusions The results indicate the utility of the Borg CR100 in tracking effort in voice production that is repeatable with respect to vocal level (dB). Future research will investigate other metrics of voice production with the goal of understanding the mechanisms underlying vocal effort and the external environmental influences on the perception of vocal effort.

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Fitch, W. Tecumseh, Bart de Boer, Neil Mathur, and Asif A. Ghazanfar. "Monkey vocal tracts are speech-ready." Science Advances 2, no. 12 (December 2016): e1600723. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/sciadv.1600723.

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For four decades, the inability of nonhuman primates to produce human speech sounds has been claimed to stem from limitations in their vocal tract anatomy, a conclusion based on plaster casts made from the vocal tract of a monkey cadaver. We used x-ray videos to quantify vocal tract dynamics in living macaques during vocalization, facial displays, and feeding. We demonstrate that the macaque vocal tract could easily produce an adequate range of speech sounds to support spoken language, showing that previous techniques based on postmortem samples drastically underestimated primate vocal capabilities. Our findings imply that the evolution of human speech capabilities required neural changes rather than modifications of vocal anatomy. Macaques have a speech-ready vocal tract but lack a speech-ready brain to control it.

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Sapargaliyeva, Guldana. "Importance of dictions when teaching singer-actor." Pedagogy and Psychology 42, no. 1 (March 30, 2020): 96–103. http://dx.doi.org/10.51889/2020-1.2077-6861.12.

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Singing can be called a musical speech, and therefore the singing voice differs from the spoken one not only in range and strength, but also in timbre, that is, it differs in the so-called voice coloring. In the training of vocalists, it is important to understand that there is a close relationship between the diction of the vocalist and his voice formation. The activity and coherence of the work of articulatory organs determines the quality of pronunciation of speech sounds, legibility of words, or diction. This topic is relevant today - practice shows that many students of vocals need staging diction. In addition, vocal pedagogy necessarily involves teaching a clear and expressive pronunciation of words, as a necessary condition for the performance of a vocal work. And I must say that the expressiveness of diction cannot be obtained without certain techniques.

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Caffier, Philipp P., Tatjana Salmen, Tatiana Ermakova, Eleanor Forbes, Seo-Rin Ko, Wen Song, Manfred Gross, and Tadeus Nawka. "Phonomicrosurgery in Vocal Fold Nodules: Quantification of Outcomes in Professional and Non-Professional Voice Users." Medical Problems of Performing Artists 32, no. 4 (December 1, 2017): 187–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.21091/mppa.2017.4035.

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There are few data demonstrating the specific extent to which surgical intervention for vocal fold nodules (VFN) improves vocal function in professional (PVU) and non-professional voice users (NVU). The objective of this study was to compare and quantify results after phonomicrosurgery for VFN in these patient groups. METHODS: In a prospective clinical study, surgery was performed via microlaryngoscopy in 37 female patients with chronic VFN manifestations (38±12 yrs, mean±SD). Pre- and postoperative evaluations of treatment efficacy comprised videolaryngostroboscopy, auditory-perceptual voice assessment, voice range profile (VRP), acoustic-aerodynamic analysis, and voice handicap index (VHI-9i). The dysphonia severity index (DSI) was compared with the vocal extent measure (VEM). RESULTS: PVU (n=24) and NVU (n=13) showed comparable laryngeal findings and levels of suffering (VHI-9i 16±7 vs 17±8), but PVU had a better pretherapeutic vocal range (26.8±7.4 vs 17.7±5.1 semitones, p<0.001) and vocal capacity (VEM 106±18 vs 74±29, p<0.01). Three months postoperatively, all patients had straight vocal fold edges, complete glottal closure, and recovered mucosal wave propagation. The mean VHI-9i score decreased by 8±6 points. DSI increased from 4.0±2.4 to 5.5±2.4, and VEM from 95±27 to 108±23 (p<0.001). Both parameters correlated significantly (rs=0.82). The average vocal range increased by 4.1±5.3 semitones, and the mean speaking pitch lowered by 0.5±1.4 semitones. CONCLUSIONS: These results confirm that phonomicrosurgery for VFN is a safe therapy for voice improvement in both PVU and NVU who do not respond to voice therapy alone. Top-level artistic capabilities in PVU were restored, but numeric changes of most vocal parameters were considerably larger in NVU.

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Carouso-Peck, Samantha, Michael H. Goldstein, and W. Tecumseh Fitch. "The many functions of vocal learning." Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 376, no. 1836 (September 6, 2021): 20200235. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rstb.2020.0235.

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The capacity to learn novel vocalizations has evolved convergently in a wide range of species. Courtship songs of male birds or whales are often treated as prototypical examples, implying a sexually selected context for the evolution of this ability. However, functions of learned vocalizations in different species are far more diverse than courtship, spanning a range of socio-positive contexts from individual identification, social cohesion, or advertising pair bonds, as well as agonistic contexts such as territorial defence, deceptive alarm calling or luring prey. Here, we survey the diverse usages and proposed functions of learned novel signals, to build a framework for considering the evolution of vocal learning capacities that extends beyond sexual selection. For each function that can be identified for learned signals, we provide examples of species using unlearned signals to accomplish the same goals. We use such comparisons to generate hypotheses concerning when vocal learning is adaptive, given a particular suite of socio-ecological traits. Finally, we identify areas of uncertainty where improved understanding would allow us to better test these hypotheses. Considering the broad range of potential functions of vocal learning will yield a richer appreciation of its evolution than a narrow focus on a few prototypical species. This article is part of the theme issue ‘Vocal learning in animals and humans’.

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Hapner, Edie R., and Adam Klein. "A Synopsis of the Management of Vocal Fold Scar." Perspectives on Voice and Voice Disorders 19, no. 1 (March 2009): 15–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1044/vvd19.1.15.

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Abstract Vocal fold scarring remains one of the greatest therapeutic challenges in laryngology and voice therapy. The loss of superior lamina propria results in a change in the pliability of the vocal folds with changes in glottal configuration, glottal closure, and reduced to absent mucosal wave motion. This results in dysphonia of varying severities including breathiness, roughness, loss of pitch range, and flexibility. The aim of this article is to present a brief review of vocal fold architecture and a discussion of the etiologies of vocal fold scarring. Methods to evaluate vocal fold scarring are presented with examples of findings in laryngoscopic, acoustic, aerodynamic, and perceptual assessments. Medical, surgical, and behavioral treatment for vocal folds scaring including sample therapy tasks are included.

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Flowers, Patricia J., and Deborah Dunne-Sousa. "Pitch-Pattern Accuracy, Tonality, and Vocal Range in Preschool Children's Singing." Journal of Research in Music Education 38, no. 2 (1990): 102. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3344930.

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Deutsch, Diana, Tom North, and Lee Ray. "The Tritone Paradox: Correlate with the Listener's Vocal Range for Speech." Music Perception 7, no. 4 (1990): 371–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/40285473.

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In the tritone paradox, two tones are presented that are related by a halfoctave. Each tone consists of a set of octave-related sinusoids whose amplitudes are scaled by a bell-shaped spectral envelope; thus the usual cues to height attribution are missing. When listeners judge whether such tone pairs form ascending or descending patterns, judgments are related in an orderly fashion to the positions of the tones along the pitch class circle: Tones in one region of the circle are heard as higher and those in the opposite region as lower. However, listeners differ strikingly in the orientation of the pitch-class circle with respect to height. So far, the basis of the tritone paradox and the reasons for the individual differences in its manifestation have proved elusive. In the present study, a correlation is found between perception of the tritone paradox and the range of fundamental frequencies of the listener's speaking voice. To the authors' knowledge, this is the first demonstration of a close connection between the perception of a musical pattern on the one hand and the listener's speech characteristics on the other.

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Pei, Yu-Cheng, Hsiu-Feng Chuang, Chia-Fen Chang, Tzu-Ling Chang, Hui-Chen Chiang, and Tuan-Jen Fang. "Voice Range Change After Injection Laryngoplasty for Unilateral Vocal Fold Paralysis." Journal of Voice 32, no. 5 (September 2018): 625–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jvoice.2017.07.019.

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Emerich, Kate A., Ingo R. Titze, Jan G. Švec, Peter S. Popolo, and Gary Logan. "Vocal Range and Intensity in Actors: A Studio Versus Stage Comparison." Journal of Voice 19, no. 1 (March 2005): 78–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jvoice.2004.08.006.

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Pullon, Beverley. "Relationship of the Cricothyroid Space with Vocal Range in Female Singers." Journal of Voice 31, no. 1 (January 2017): 125.e17–125.e23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jvoice.2015.11.026.

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TABUCHI, Keisaku. "Voice Changes after Thyroid Surgery. Superior Laryngeal Nerve and Vocal Range." Practica Oto-Rhino-Laryngologica 87, no. 11 (1994): 1579–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.5631/jibirin.87.1579.

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Cornec, C., Y. Hingrat, T. Aubin, and F. Rybak. "Booming far: the long-range vocal strategy of a lekking bird." Royal Society Open Science 4, no. 8 (August 2017): 170594. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsos.170594.

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The pressures of selection acting on transmission of information by acoustic signals are particularly high in long-distance communication networks. Males of the North African houbara bustard ( Chlamydotis undulata undulata ) produce extremely low-frequency vocalizations called ‘booms’ as a component of their courtship displays. These displays are performed on sites separated by a distance of on average 550 m, constituting exploded leks. Here, we investigate the acoustic features of booms involved in species-specific identity. We first assessed the modifications of acoustic parameters during boom transmission at long range within the natural habitat of the species, finding that the frequency content of booms was reliably transmitted up to 600 m. Additionally, by testing males' behavioural responses to playbacks of modified signals, we found that the presence of the second harmonic and the frequency modulation are the key parameters for species identification, and also that a sequence of booms elicited stronger responses than a single boom. Thus, the coding–decoding process relies on redundant and propagation-resistant features, making the booms particularly well adapted for the long-range transmission of information between males. Moreover, by experimentally disentangling the presentation of visual and acoustic signals, we showed that during the booming phase of courtship, the two sensory modalities act in synergy. The acoustic component is dominant in the context of intra-sexual competition. While the visual component is not necessary to induce agonistic response, it acts as an amplifier and reduces the time of detection of the signaller. The utilization of these adaptive strategies allows houbara males to maximize the active space of vocalizations emitted in exploded leks.

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Luo, Minmin, and David J. Perkel. "Long-range GABAergic projection in a circuit essential for vocal learning." Journal of Comparative Neurology 403, no. 1 (January 5, 1999): 68–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/(sici)1096-9861(19990105)403:1<68::aid-cne6>3.0.co;2-5.

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Titze, Ingo R., and Anil Palaparthi. "Radiation efficiency for long-range vocal communication in mammals and birds." Journal of the Acoustical Society of America 143, no. 5 (May 2018): 2813–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1121/1.5034768.

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Vazifehdoostsaleh, A., N. Fatouraee, M. Navidbakhsh, and F. Izadi. "Numerical Analysis of the Sulcus Vocalis Disorder on the Function of the Vocal Folds." Journal of Mechanics 33, no. 4 (October 25, 2016): 513–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/jmech.2016.92.

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AbstractSpeaking is a very complex process resulting from the interaction between the air flow along the larynx and the vibrating structure of the vocal folds. Sulcus is a disease missing layers in the vocal folds result in cracks resulting in some disorders in producing sounds. Sulcus and its effects on the vocal cord vibrations are numerically studied for the first time in this paper. An ideal model of healthy vocal folds and Sulcus vocalis has been two-dimensionally defined and the finite element model of vocal folds is solved in a fully coupled form. The proposed calculative model was used in a fluid range of the computational fluid dynamics, arbitrary Lagrangian-Eulerian (ALE), incompressible continuity and Navier-Stokes equations and in a structure range of a three-layer elastic linear model. Self-excited oscillations were presented for vocal folds among type II patients and compared with healthy models. Responses were qualitatively and quantitatively studied. The healthy model was compared with numerical and empirical results. In addition, the effects of the disease on the flow parameters and the vibration frequency of the vocal folds were studied. According to the simulated model, the oscillation frequency decreased 25% and the average and instantaneous volume flux significantly increased compared to healthy samples. Results may help present a guideline for surgery and subsequently evaluate patients’ improvement.

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Minter, M. E., R. P. Hobson, and L. Pring. "Recognition of Vocally Expressed Emotion by Congenitally Blind Children." Journal of Visual Impairment & Blindness 85, no. 10 (December 1991): 411–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0145482x9108501007.

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Eight congenitally blind children, individually matched with eight sighted children, were tested for their ability to identify vocal expressions of emotion and the sounds of a range of non-emotional objects. They had specific difficulty recognizing emotions according to vocal qualities.

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Hoskins, Carla. "Relationship between Expressive Language Ability and Rhythm Perception, Pitch Perception, Vocal Range, and Vocal Midpoint among Mentally Retarded Adults." Perceptual and Motor Skills 60, no. 2 (April 1985): 644–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.2466/pms.1985.60.2.644.

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Aquino, Fernanda, and Léslie Ferreira. "Vocal Parameters of Elderly Female Choir Singers." International Archives of Otorhinolaryngology 20, no. 01 (November 26, 2015): 025–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0035-1567875.

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Introduction Due to increased life expectancy among the population, studying the vocal parameters of the elderly is key to promoting vocal health in old age. Objective This study aims to analyze the profile of the extension of speech of elderly female choristers, according to age group. Method The study counted on the participation of 25 elderly female choristers from the Choir of Messianic Church of São Paulo, with ages varying between 63 and 82 years, and an average of 71 years (standard deviation of 5.22). The elders were divided into two groups: G1 aged 63 to 71 years and G2 aged 72 to 82. We asked that each participant count from 20 to 30 in weak, medium, strong, and very strong intensities. Their speech was registered by the software Vocalgrama that allows the evaluation of the profile of speech range. We then submitted the parameters of frequency and intensity to descriptive analysis, both in minimum and maximum levels, and range of spoken voice. Results The average of minimum and maximum frequencies were respectively 134.82–349.96 Hz for G1 and 137.28–348.59 Hz for G2; the average for minimum and maximum intensities were respectively 40.28–95.50 dB for G1 and 40.63–94.35 dB for G2; the vocal range used in speech was 215.14 Hz for G1 and 211.30 Hz for G2. Conclusion The minimum and maximum frequencies, maximum intensity, and vocal range presented differences in favor of the younger elder group.

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ten Cate, Carel. "Re-evaluating vocal production learning in non-oscine birds." Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 376, no. 1836 (September 6, 2021): 20200249. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rstb.2020.0249.

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The study of vocal production learning in birds is heavily biased towards oscine songbirds, making the songbird model the reference for comparative studies. However, as vocal learning was probably ancestral in songbirds, interspecific variations might all be variations on a single theme and need not be representative of the nature and characteristics of vocal learning in other bird groups. To assess the possible mechanisms of vocal learning and its evolution therefore requires knowledge about independently evolved incidences of vocal learning. This review examines the presence and nature of vocal production learning in non-songbirds. Using a broad definition of vocal learning and a comparative phylogenetic framework, I evaluate the evidence for vocal learning and its characteristics in non-oscine birds, including well-known vocal learners such as parrots and hummingbirds but also (putative) cases from other taxa. Despite the sometimes limited evidence, it is clear that vocal learning occurs in a range of different, non-related, taxa and can be caused by a variety of mechanisms. It is more widespread than often realized, calling for more systematic studies. Examining this variation may provide a window onto the evolution of vocal learning and increase the value of comparative research for understanding vocal learning in humans. This article is part of the theme issue ‘Vocal learning in animals and humans’.

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Keilmann, Annerose, Wolfgang Bergler, Martina Artzt, and Karl Hörmann. "Vocal function following laser and conventional surgery of small malignant vocal fold tumours." Journal of Laryngology & Otology 110, no. 12 (December 1996): 1138–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022215100135959.

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AbstractIn the disecribed study, 26 patients after conventional, and 27 patients after laser cordectomy were examined six months or more after the operation. Videolarybogstroboscopy revealed that patients after laser cordectomy more often phonate on a purely glottic level (81 per cent) in comparison to patienbts after conventional cordectomy (19 per cent). Webs were more frequent and more extended after conventional cordectomy compared to endoscopic laser surgery. The maximal phonation time showed a very wide range with a mean value of 9 to 10 sec; there was no statistical difference between the groups of patients. Using yanagihara's classification of sonograms, a better voice quality was measured after laser cordectomy than conventional cordectomy. The patients' estimation of their voice quality did not correlate with objective parameters.

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Zhabeva-Papazova, Julijana. "Women 's voices in alternative music: Lisa Gerrard and Elizabeth Fraser." New Sound, no. 46 (2015): 76–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.5937/newso1546076z.

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This paper deals with the analysis of Lisa Gerrard's and Elizabeth Fraser's vocal styles that promoted a new way of singing on the alternative music scene. Instead o f the traditional usage of lyrics in the English language as their mother tongue, they use so called 'glossolalia', meaning wordless, or substituting language with a melodic, exploratory rapture by their vocal range alone in a couple o f octaves. The main points of analysis are the relationships between the vocal interpretation and instruments, music form, main melodic themes, rhythm, accomplished with iconography in the relationship between vocal interpretations and stage performances.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Vocal range'

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