Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Vodka'

Thesis (M.A. in Security Studies (Europe and Eurasia))--Naval Postgraduate School, March 2009.
Thesis Advisor(s): Tsypkin, Mikhail. "March 2009." Description based on title screen as viewed on April 23, 2009. Author(s) subject terms: Russia, vodka, demographics, alcoholism Includes bibliographical references (p. 61-63). Also available in print.

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The present study aims to analyze Absolut Vodka s discourse through Absolut Berlin advertisements as well as Absolut Color, Absolut No Label and Absolute Unique s special edition bottles. The adopted theory is French Discourse Analysis and analysis will bethe theoretical framework, since it adopts a dialectical relationship between language and discourse, and presents construction of meanings, highlighting both product and process. The following analysis categories will be addressed to highlight the different discourse effects and representations of the collective imagination, which can be understood by discursive materiality: production conditions, interdiscourse, discursive formation, ideological formation, paraphrase and polysemy. Thus, the objective is to identify the discursive marks in Absolut Vodka s communication, analyze advertising interdiscourse of the brand and evaluate the imaginary and ideological formations. For this study, we relied on the theorists Pêcheux and Orlandi. The corpus consists of an Absolut Berlin advertisement, which refers to the political-ideological question of the fall of the Berlin Wall, Absolut Color and No Label bottles, both of which honors homosexual audiences, and Unique bottle, which relates to identity and individuality. They rely on construction of meanings when employing images for the understanding of messages.
O presente estudo procura analisar o discurso da Absolut Vodka através da propaganda da Absolut Berlin e das garrafas de edições especiais da Absolut Color, Absolut No Label e da Absolut Unique. A Análise de Discurso de linha francesa será a teoria e o procedimento de análise utilizadoscomo aporte teórico por representar uma opção pela relação dialética entre língua e discurso e por apresentar a construção dos significados, que coloca em destaque o produto e o processo. Serão trabalhadas as seguintes categorias de análise: condições de produção, interdiscurso, formação discursiva, formação ideológica, paráfrase e polissemia, para evidenciar os diversos efeitos de sentido e as representações do imaginário coletivo, que podem ser compreendidos através da materialidade discursiva. Assim, objetiva-se identificar as marcas discursivas na comunicação da Absolut Vodka, analisar o interdiscurso publicitário da marca e avaliaras formações imaginárias e ideológicas. Para este estudo, baseamo-nos nos teóricos Pêcheux e Orlandi. O corpus é formado por um anúncio da Absolut Berlin, que trabalha a questão político-ideológica da queda do Muro de Berlim, pelas garrafas da Absolut Color e No Label, que são uma homenagem ao público homossexual, e a garrafa Unique que aborda a questão da identidade e individualidade. Essas garrafas se utilizam da construção dos significados ao se servirem de imagens para o entendimento das mensagens.

The present study aims to analyze Absolut Vodkas discourse through Absolut Berlin advertisements as well as Absolut Color, Absolut No Label and Absolute Uniques special edition bottles. The adopted theory is French Discourse Analysis and analysis will bethe theoretical framework, since it adopts a dialectical relationship between language and discourse, and presents construction of meanings, highlighting both product and process. The following analysis categories will be addressed to highlight the different discourse effects and representations of the collective imagination, which can be understood by discursive materiality: production conditions, interdiscourse, discursive formation, ideological formation, paraphrase and polysemy. Thus, the objective is to identify the discursive marks in Absolut Vodkas communication, analyze advertising interdiscourse of the brand and evaluate the imaginary and ideological formations. For this study, we relied on the theorists Pêcheux and Orlandi. The corpus consists of an Absolut Berlin advertisement, which refers to the political-ideological question of the fall of the Berlin Wall, Absolut Color and No Label bottles, both of which honors homosexual audiences, and Unique bottle, which relates to identity and individuality. They rely on construction of meanings when employing images for the understanding of messages.
O presente estudo procura analisar o discurso da Absolut Vodka através da propaganda da Absolut Berlin e das garrafas de edições especiais da Absolut Color, Absolut No Label e da Absolut Unique. A Análise de Discurso de linha francesa será a teoria e o procedimento de análise utilizadoscomo aporte teórico por representar uma opção pela relação dialética entre língua e discurso e por apresentar a construção dos significados, que coloca em destaque o produto e o processo. Serão trabalhadas as seguintes categorias de análise: condições de produção, interdiscurso, formação discursiva, formação ideológica, paráfrase e polissemia, para evidenciar os diversos efeitos de sentido e as representações do imaginário coletivo, que podem ser compreendidos através da materialidade discursiva. Assim, objetiva-se identificar as marcas discursivas na comunicação da Absolut Vodka, analisar o interdiscurso publicitário da marca e avaliaras formações imaginárias e ideológicas. Para este estudo, baseamo-nos nos teóricos Pêcheux e Orlandi. O corpus é formado por um anúncio da Absolut Berlin, que trabalha a questão político-ideológica da queda do Muro de Berlim, pelas garrafas da Absolut Color e No Label, que são uma homenagem ao público homossexual, e a garrafa Unique que aborda a questão da identidade e individualidade. Essas garrafas se utilizam da construção dos significados ao se servirem de imagens para o entendimento das mensagens.

InledningÅr 1879, grundade Lars Olsson Smith Absolut rent brännvin, dåtidens Absolut Vodka. År 1979,hundra år senare passerade företaget en ny fas genom globalisering under varumärket AbsolutVodka. Sedan introduktionen av det nya varumärket har försäljningen stigit från 0,1 miljoner litertill 96,6 miljoner liter per år, över hela värden. Under senare delen av 1980-talet introduceradeföretaget smaksatta vodkasorter för att främja barbranschens cocktails.Syfte och frågeställningUppsatsens syfte är att kartlägga hur konsumenter upplever intensiteten på fem utvaldasmakegenskaper i smaksatt vodka, satt i relation till hur de egentligen önskar att intensiteten skullevara.Uppfyller Absolut Vodkas smaksatta vodkor konsumenternas preferenser?Metod och materialUndersökningen grundar sig i en sensorisk analys för att besvara uppsatsens syfte ochfrågeställning. Vid analysen användes fem stycken olika prover tillhörande Absolut Vodkas portfölj.Intensiteten för egenskaper sötma, alkohol, smak, kropp och längd bedömdes efter hurkonsumenterna upplevde intensitet samt hur de önskade att intensiteten skulle vara i proverna.ResultatResultatet påvisade skillnad mellan den upplevda samt den önskade intensiteten för alla utvaldaegenskaper, för de olika proverna. För provet Absolut Mango framkom en önskan om högreintensitet för egenskapen kropp och minskad intensitet för egenskaperna alkohol och smak. Föregenskaperna sötma och längd påvisades en svag skillnad mellan upplevd och önskad intensitet.SlutsatsProdukterna uppfyllde i många avseenden inte konsumenternas preferenser för egenskaperna sötma,alkohol, smak, kropp och längd. Ämnesgrupperna som antas kunna anpassas efter konsumenternasönskemål är acetaldehyd, högre alkoholer, fettsyror och estrar.Nyckelord: Distilled, fermentation, flavour compounds, production, sensory.
C-uppsataser

ABSTRACT China has gone through rapid change the last decade, which has opened up possibilities for many western companies. The consumer market is booming and consumers are getting more open to western brands and values, especially in the metropolitan regions. Due to the rapid change in today’s China, it is difficult to be enough updated. This is the main reason for why we have chosen this subject, to be able to contribute to a better understanding concerning western companies’ interaction with the dynamic contemporary urban China. This thesis investigates specific marketing tools used by two successful Swedish companies, IKEA and Absolut Vodka, in their quest to reach modern Chinese urban consumers. To answer this question we also found it necessary to examine how IKEA’s and Absolut Vodka’s brand values interact with the Chinese culture. A qualitative multiple-case study approach is used and has resulted in two separate cases: ”The creative vodka” (Absolut Vodka) and ”Design for the many people” (IKEA). The cases are mainly based on interviews with representatives from IKEA, Absolut Vodka and Eastwei in Shanghai. Documentation as well as observation has assisted in complementing and verifying the empirical findings we gathered from the interviews. The subject is introduced by a chapter that supplies relevant background information concerning China, in terms of the market, consumers and cultural aspects. Our theoretical framework consists of two interdependent areas: culture and global marketing, which include Chinese culture-, value- and branding theories. Our conclusions have mainly one focus, which we call ”educational marketing”. When entering the Chinese urban market, the companies have to learn about the Chinese culture and the consumers, but they do not have to fully adapt to the new environment. We found that when IKEA and Absolut Vodka market themselves on the Chinese market, they modify their marketing efforts slightly to be able to communicate with the Chinese consumers. This does not mean that they change their brand values in their adaptation, though, but rather that they use different communication tools to get the consumers to consume the brand with its original core values. With the information gained from marketing research, they learn what the consumers lack in terms of knowledge and then the educational process starts. They help the consumer to understand how to consume the brand. Absolut Vodka has to for example, teach the consumers how to make drinks, which is something that is rather new for Chinese people. Before gaining this knowledge, it is difficult for them to consume the product and furthermore the brand. In IKEA’s case, they help the Chinese consumers to understand the advantages of the concept of DIY (do-it-yourself), but they also teach them how to use interior design in their homes. Another conclusion concerns the dynamics of culture. When these companies enter the Chinese urban market and start to communicate with the consumers, something happens. Instead of fully adapting to the needs and demands of the Chinese consumer, they educate them and furthermore change them. The consumers start to consume in a somewhat different way with the values of the western companies, which in its turn contributes to a change in the values of the Chinese culture. Our empirical findings have resulted in a theory that explains this dynamic process of educational marketing on the contemporary Chinese urban market.

The thesis analyses the formation of state alcohol policy in contemporary Russia, with particular emphasis on the initiative to reduce consumption initiated by President Medvedev in 2009. The analysis is based on qualitative data gathered from a range of sources: semi-structured interviews conducted during fieldwork in Russia; interviews or extended discussions of alcohol policy already in the public domain; government documents and other official publications; contemporary media articles and opinion polls. I apply a constructivist sociological methodology which views ‘social problems’ as not simply objective states of affairs, but rather the result of competition between different groups in society to establish their interpretation of ‘the problem’ as the dominant discourse. I describe how from the mid-2000s, a small but influential anti-alcohol movement emerged comprised of members of a ‘civil society elite’. This new elite was successful in gaining cultural authority over the definition of the ‘alcohol problem’, and thus setting the anti-alcohol agenda. I interpret changes in alcohol policy in the 1990s and 2000s in the context of broader political and socio-economic trends. I apply the concept of sistema, the informal network-based system of governance in Russia, to explain how state-sponsored vodka interests have affected the development of anti-alcohol policy over the period 2009-2012. The development and passage of the major 2011 law on alcohol is described in detail, including the crucial role played by rival vodka and beer industry lobbyists. The thesis concludes by evaluating to what extent alcohol policy under President Medvedev 2009-2012 can properly be described as an ‘anti-alcohol campaign’. I conclude that while the initiatives cannot be dismissed as mere ‘simulation’ of anti-alcohol policy as some respondents suggested, the word ‘campaign’ gives a false sense of coherence to policies that were pushed by a variety of competing policy actors pursuing their own sectoral interests.

It is widely known today that marketing plays an important role for the success of a company. The process of marketing is extremely complicated as it is, thus there are markets where this process is complicated even further. In these regulated markets, factors occur during the launching and marketing of a product that interferes with the marketing activities. In these markets advertisers has to obey to laws and rules on how to advertise their products. One of the most regulated markets today is the one of alcoholic beverages. The two largest consumer countries of alcohol today are the United States and the Republic of China. Even though these countries have some similarities as the two largest consumer markets in the world, laws, regulations and attitude towards alcohol vary greatly between them making the process of penetrating the markets even harder.

The purpose with this thesis is to get an understanding of how differences in the choice of media channels in the United States and China can be explained by differences in culture and ways of communication as opposed to legal and ethical restraints.

This thesis will be carried out as a case study on ABSOLUT VODKA. The authors have used a qualitative approach to the problem at hand together with structured and unstruc-tured interviews with employees at ABSOLUT VODKA that have knowledge about the American and Chinese market Due to limited contact possibilities the empirical findings will also be based on secondary data.

The authors have reached the conclusion that ABSOLUT VODKA has to first of all clearly identify its target group to be able to use the media channels efficiently. The authors believe that differences in media channels between China and the United States can to some extent be explained by differences in culture, communication, regulations and ethics. The concepts that are believed to have most impact are believed to be the ethical and moral considerations. Thus the authors are also of the opinion that the factors mention above has a heavier impact on the design of the advertisement than it does on the choice of media channels operating in a regulated market

En el presente proyecto de la bebida Mood-On, que está hecha a base de papas y frutos exóticos, se muestra su sostenibilidad a través de los distintos análisis realizados en Lima Metropolitana. Asimismo, este producto va dirigido hacia los sectores socioeconómicos A, B, C y que se encuentren en el rango de edad de 18 a 24 años. Del mismo modo, podemos indicar que, si bien hay una presencia consistente de bebidas RTD en el mercado peruano, los consumidores no se identifican con los productos ya establecidos. Por consiguiente, podemos mencionar que el mercado limeño tiene una necesidad que no ha sido satisfecha; ya sea por falta de sabores u otro factor clave. En adición a esto, para la realización del trabajo, se desarrollaron entrevistas a los usuarios para ratificar el nivel de aceptación del producto, a su vez, se hizo contacto con las licorerías a través de medios tradicionales y no tradicionales para la estimación de las ventas. Asimismo, se contactó con un ingeniero de alimentos para la elaboración de la receta, puesto que se ha tenido que considerar diferentes aspectos con respecto a la bebida RTD. Finalmente, se ha requerido para la inversión un total de S/27,261.72 para que se puedan iniciar las actividades de producción y la utilidad neta que se generará en el primer año es de39,186.95 nuevos soles, 60,913.85 nuevos soles en el segundo año y para el tercer año ascendería a 613,802.47 nuevos soles.
In the present project of the Mood-On drink, which is made from potatoes and exotic fruits, its sustainability is shown through the different analyzes carried out in Metropolitan Lima. Likewise, this product is aimed at socioeconomic sectors A, B, C, and that are in the age range of 18 to 24 years. Similarly, we can indicate that although there is a consistent presence of RTD beverages in the Peruvian market, consumers do not identify with the already established products. Therefore, we can mention that the Lima market has a need that has not been met; either for lack of flavors or another key factor. In addition to this, to carry out the work, interviews were carried out with users to ratify the level of acceptance of the product, in turn, contact was made with the liquor stores through traditional and non-traditional means for estimating sales. Likewise, a food engineer was contracted to prepare the recipe, since different aspects of the RTD drink had to be considered. Finally, a total of S /. 27,261.72 so that production activities can begin and the net profit that will be generated in the first year is –S/39,186.95, S/60,913.85 in the second year and for the third year it would amount to S/613,802.47
Trabajo de investigación

This dissertation focuses on the relatively little-known and highly remote 18^th and 19^th century Russian colonies established in North America, attempts to gain a clearer vision of mostly undefined daily lifeways in the settlements via a search for traditional Russian behaviors, and weighs the impact of cultural isolation on those behaviors. In so doing, lessons-learned are considered as they apply to the enhancement of social justice in the isolated communities of the future, whether they be on this planet or beyond the gravitational pull of Earth.

Drawing upon a previously researched inventory of 18^th and 19^th century traditional Russian behaviors (which serves as a primary database for the study), two selected settlements are examined for possible traditional behavioral characteristics for Russian America as a whole. One of these is Novo-Arkhangel'sk (present-day Sitka, Alaska)—the colonial capital and Russian America's primary seaport—and the other is Kolmakovsky Redoubt, a small trading post located in the interior of Southwestern Alaska. The cultural isolation of each colony is made clear, as is the fact that Kolmakovsky Redoubt has been viewed as perhaps the most isolated community in all of Russia's North American possessions.

The research for this study has led to exciting results. A high percentage of traditional Russian behaviors found at each of the two sites was revealed to be in unmodified form, despite the settlements' cultural isolation from the motherland and resulting potential for acculturative activity. Specifically, out of 45 traditional behaviors identified for Novo-Arkhangel'sk, 41, or 91%, were seen to be unmodified; of the 25 traditional behaviors uncovered at Kolmakovsky Redoubt, 23, or 92%, were also determined to be unmodified. These high percentages are perhaps all the more surprising when one considers the potential of acculturative pressures surrounding the two Russian enclaves and emanating from indigenous Native societies.

The bottom line is that this study has opened a view of a part of Russian America not previously available, and endorses the use of the data retrieved for planning future isolated communities characterized by social justice-friendly environments.

Studien undersöker hur maskulinitet-femininitet ur ett organisatoriskt perspektiv, med fokus på det polska rättsväsendet, kommer till uttryck i en jämförelse mellan två skönlitterära verk, av Marek Nowakowski (1984) respektive Zygmunt Miłoszewski (2011). Särskilt undersöks om det föreligger en rörelse mot en ökad grad av femininitet i det narrativa. Metoden bygger på kvalitativ textanalys med en hypotetiskt-deduktiv ansats. Särskild tonvikt läggs på studiet av värderingars indirekta manifestationer i ritualer och symboler. Resultatet visar på att femininitet är något mer manifesterad hos Miłoszewski men att detta i huvudsak beror på att det finns kvinnliga chefer, som respekteras i sin yrkesroll och som formar vissa ritualer och symboler i feminin riktning. En stark och sexuellt färgad objektifiering av kvinnor som individer, tillsammans med övervägande maskulint färgade symboler, ger istället en påtaglig slagsida åt det maskulina. Slutsatsen är att det inte föreligger någon dramatisk skillnad vad gäller maskulinitet-femininitet mellan de två verken, något som finner stöd i teorier om trögrörliga värderingar men mer lättföränderliga symboler och ritualer
Porównując dwa dzieła literatury pięknej, Marka Nowakowskiego (1984) i Zygmunta Miłoszewskiego (2011), niniejsza praca ma na celu przeanalizowanie jak wyrażają się w owych tekstach męskość i kobiecość pod względem teorii organizacji i zarządzania, skupiając się na organach ścigania i wymiarze sprawiedliwości. Szczególny nacisk położono na pytanie o ewentualny wzrost wskaźnika kobiecości w narracji. Analiza treści została przeprowadzona metodą hipotetyczno-dedukcyjną. Pośrednie objawy wartości w rytuałach i symbolach zostały szczególnie przeanalizowane. Wyniki analizy pokazują, że kobiecość jest nieco mocniej reprezentowana w powieści Miłoszewskiego. Obserwację tę można w dużej mierze wyjaśnić samym faktem istnienia w tekście kobiet menadżerów, poszanowaniem kobiet w pozycjach menadżerskich i tym, że kobiety te kształtują niektóre rytuały i symbole, zmacniając tym samym wskaźnik kobiecości. Na ogół kobiety są jednak traktowane przedmiotowo. Razem z symbolami o zabarwieniu bardziej męskim, przyczynia się to do interpretacji tekstu w kategoriach zdecydowanie męskich. Analizy zatem wykazały, że różnica w wymiarze męskość-kobiecość jest niewielka, co znajduje poparcie w podstawowych teoriach o większej nieelastyczności wartości, w przeciwieństwie do bardziej podatnych na zmiany symboli i rytuałów.

This thesis analyzes the work of Vasily Shuksin, an actor, director and writer in the Soviet Union during the Khrushchev and early Brezhnev eras, roughly 1958-1974. Shukshin's short stories, in particular, are of great value to anyone interested in Soviet attitudes during this period. The research suggests that Shukshin's work represents a sort of underground history. While the writer's stories are fictional, the issues are very real. Much of Shukshin's work provided the means for discussion on important topics such as gender relationships, alcohol use, and religious worship.Under Communism, nearly all sources of information were unable to tell the truth about Soviet society, but Shukshin's depictions of Soviet life appear to present a truer picture of the Khrushchev and Brezhnev eras. The author portrays women as "second class citizens" and often equates them with evil, while Shukshin's depictions of drunken males indicate that alcoholism was a serious problem in the Soviet Union. Finally, the author's religious symbolism provides evidence that Russian Orthodoxy was alive and well, despite a Communist government that continued to wage war against religion.
Department of History

Les spectres contiennent de l'information sur la composition d'échantillons. Cette information est extraite au moyen d'une première famille d'outils chimiométriques, les étalonnages. Une deu xième famille d'outils, les prétraitements, est destinée à enlever une information spectrale nuisible. Etalonnages et prétraitements sont construits à partir de deux types d'informations: (1) les informations expérimentales basées sur l'expérience; (2) les informations expertes basées sur la connaissance a priori. L'objectif de la thèse est d'étudier les complémentarités et synergies entre ces deux types d'informations. Après une étude bibliographique, un modèle général commun aux étalonnages et prétraitements est proposé. L'information utile ou nuisible contenue dans un spectre est obtenue par projection orthogonale de ce spectre (selon un métrique Sigma) sur une matrice P dont les colonnes constituent une base de l'espace vectoriel associé à l'information utile ou nuisible. Selon les cas, l'information utile est conservée alors que l'information nuisible est éliminée. Le modèle général est ensuite implémenté par deux nouvelles méthodes. L'IDC-Improved Direct Calibration est une méthode d'étalonnage direct utilisant conjointement des informations expérimentales et expertes. Ensuite VODKA-PLSR est une généralisation de la PLSR. Un vecteur r est mis en évidence, il permet d'inclure de l'information experte dans le modèle. En conclusion ce travail permet une vision plus synthétique des modèles existants, propose deux nouveaux modèles d'étalonnage et ouvre de nombreuses possibilités pour créer de nouveaux modèles d'étalonnage et de prétraitement
Spectra contain informations about the composition of samples. This information is obtained using calibration. Harmful spectral information can be previoulsy withdrawn using pretraitments. Both calibration and pretraitment models are based on two types of informations: (1) experimental information based on measurements onto samples; (2) expert information based on a previous knowledge. The aim of this thesis is to study the links between those two types of information. After a biography review, a general model including both calibrations and pretraitments is proposed. The usefull or harmful spectral information is obtained after spectra have been orthogonaly projected (with a Sigma metrix ) onto a P matrix whose columns define a basis of the vectorial subspace described by the usefull or harmful information. Thus usefull information is kept whereas harmful information is withdrawn. Two new methods are proposed. First IDC-Improved Direct Calibra tion is a direct calibration method using both experimental and expert informations. Then VODKA-PLSR is a generalisation of PLSR. A vector r permits the use of expert information by the regression model. To conclude, this works allows a global view of existing tools, proposes two new models and offers new possibilities for building new models

Title: A new battle, the same bottle: A case study of the visual communication of Absolut Vodka and how it’s positioned towards different market segments. Author: Anna von Friedrichs Grängsjö & Niklas Svanlindh Tutor: Jessica Gustafsson Purpose: To overview the visual communication of Absolut Vodka and how it’s positioned towards different market segments. Absolut Vodka is a brand that reaches a vast range of consumers through a single consistent marketing strategy. The hypothesis was that one can reach many different market segments with the marketing of a product by constantly keeping some components of the communication the same while constantly changing others. Key questions to be answered are: How do Absolut Vodka address their target audiences in their visual communication? Which market segments does the visual communication of Absolut Vodka seem to address? Method/Material: The research was conducted through a qualitative research study in which four Youtube videos by Absolut Vodka were analyzed. Only videos where the original product was presented in collaboration with a third party were used. The analysis was made through semiotic and rhetorical analysis and the results were then compared to the market segments of SRI VALS to conclude which market segments the different videos appeared to address. Main results: The videos were mainly directed towards two market segments of the SRI VALS-model: Innovators and experiencers. These two have a lot in common with the official target audience of Absolut Vodka; Urban Creative Millennials. This audience also works as opinion leaders influencing others to follow their lead. The hypothesis mainly proved true. However one of the constant components, the theme of creativity, appeared to be far more important than anticipated. Since the theme of creativity is tightly connected with the main target audience it also limits the possibility to address other audiences directly. Number of pages: 69 Course: Media and Communication studies C University: Division of Media and Communication, Department of Information Science, Uppsala University Period: Fall 2013 Keywords: Absolut Vodka, Visual communication, marketing, SRI VALS, The STP process, ESP.

First part of my diploma thesis contains theoretical description of compressor based heat pumps, refrigeration cycle, main components of refrigeration cycle and auxiliary equipment. Second part contains the heat pump WATER-WATER desing. It will be used for heat recovery from cogeneration units in heating plants.

The master's thesis is focused on heat pumps as a device using sources of a low-potential heat for building's heating. There are individual types of these devices characterized by a principle of operation and used media. Main focus of this thesis is a design of a compact air-water heat pump for the company PZP HEATING a.s. consisting of a cooling circulation’s design and individual components of this circulation. Finally there is a proposal of the heat pump’s case presented at the end of this work.

The plot is 9 houses designed with different functions. The main function of the home storage vessels. Other additional functions are a café, gym, spa, garage, car, boat garage, offices, locker rooms and club athletes.Houses are made of glued trusses shaped house with a gable roof. The facade is composed of titanium zinc surface. The glass facade is just in front of a house. The houses are oriented differently. Shielding is provided by means of sliding shutters.

Entering the draft thesis of the premises and shipyards Rowing Sports Club Brno (LSB) and the location here of a new water sports center. Solved building water sports center in the shape of the prism of the dam turns its main eastern front straight. The main architectural expression - jacket walkway roof and creates a system of ramps, which can enter from the sidewalk and proceed to the lowest part of which overlook the resort center.

Subject of the thesis is to design a new shipyard. Our site is located on the beach of Brněnská přehrada. Place is narrow, in the slope. Inspiration of my project were at first the Mediterranean city whose houses follow the slope. Place will be use for the sport. And the sport was the second inspiration. Sport is opened for everybody and same is my building. Integrate everybody, not only athletes. All sport tools are especially useful. My project places great emphasis on the functionality that is to be traced in the form of buildings. And sport is mainly fun. Shipyard is not closed, but use a lot of free space for the free time and fun.

Master’s thesis deals with the theme in three parts theoretical, practical and experimental. Project deals with heating nursery school and experiment deals with capacity reduction borehole heating exchanger for ground – source heat pump.

The master's thesis deals with the description of heat pump technology (HP) and its use for apartment buildings. The theoretical part contains an introduction, performance of heat pump technology, in particular a compressor heat pump (CHP). In this section is also mentioned about heat pumps for an apartment buildings. Main focus of this thesis is a design of a compact air-water heat pump for the company AISECO spol. s.r.o. This section is focused a design of an individual components of cooling circulation together with proposal of the circulation and principle of operation.

The architectural proposal is situated by the river Svratka nearby the city center of Brno. The proposed object turns its back to very busy street and opens to the river. It creates a city riverbank which is open to the public. The volume of the object reminds a wave. The object contains three main functions - exposition, information and research. The Exposition is based on the phenomenon of water. The Informations are placed in proposed auditorium, cafe and small gallery. The research is situated in laboratories and public study rooms.

The proposal is to create an architecturally interesting and unique, comprehensive, research-modern complex information and visitor center "WATER TOWN AQUADOMOS". The project addresses the urban design concept of the complex and its individual elements - visitor center with aquariums, museums and galleries with the history of the river Svratka outdoor recreation area with a water surface, the input element and an underground car park for visitors. The design of all elements are reflected themes of inspiration vody.Navržený house responds to the urban context in the area and complements the present block of buildings on the waterfront. The main entrance is placed on the most exposed part of the plot, the entrance to the underground garage and restaurant supply is oriented to the street Pisárecká, near křižovatky.Budova is fashioned in the shape of two prisms, which are linked through a central part. The shape of the building is influenced by communication and development plan.

The result of design is architectural and urban design of unused area in Brno - Pisárky. This area was own by Water works company Brno. The area is situated next to the river Svratka. New research, information and exhibition center is designed on this place. The whole design was created in the context of river Svratka. The building which was designed there is called Aquadomos. This building consists of free pavilions. Each has a different use. The middle one contains main entrance, multipurpose recture halls, exhibitions areas, cash desk, information point and cafe. The largest pavilion contains exhibition area which is devided into six parts. The smallest pavilion which is situated close to the river contains administration department and laboratories. The external form, shape of building, is inspirated by river, waves, shape of landscape. Park is designed in the rest of parcel. In the park there are terraces to the river for easy access closer to the river Svratka. One of the main idea was to bring life closer to the river, to rediscover river in the structure of Brno.

This thesis deals with the problem of water consumption in European Union and ways to overcome its excessive abstraction. The aim is to analyze whether the current abstraction in each area is sustainable in the future, and if there is any possible way how to ensure this sustainability. This work is based on the information about the development of abstraction in different sectors, changes in the amount of water that will be caused by global warming and the data on the current technical possibilities of obtaining water. The first section explains the concept of sustainable development and clarifies why the water consumption is excessive. The second chapter deals with the quantity of water and its resources, including alternative resources. The third chapter describes the water abstraction and the potential for savings. The last part focuses on policies and measures to ensure sustainable water abstraction.

Cílem této diplomové práce je analyzovat počáteční vývoj budování značky DOBRÁ VODA, srovnat marketingové komunikace stolních a minerálních vod a zhodnotit image značky DOBRÁ VODA na základě průzkumu trhu. Předpokladem je, že povědomí o značce DOBRÁ VODA je poměrně vysoké, ale image značky z důvodu vysoké konkurence na trhu postupně upadá a DOBRÁ VODA se mezi svými konkurenty není schopna výrazně odlišit. Práce pojednává o strategickém budování značky, brand buildingu a image značek a dále se věnuje značce DOBRÁ VODA a jejím konkurentům. Image značky DOBRÁ VODA byla hodnocena pomocí design testu a to ve vztahu ke 4 dalším konkurentům. Podrobné výsledky tohoto šetření jsou obsaženy v kapitole 8.2.

The subject of my master’s thesis deals with design of a new social care institution building. The building is located on land with spectacular view in Kratochvilka village. The building has four floors and basement. The building has forty beds for seniors and limited options of catering service. The building consists dining room, offices and nurse room on the first floor. Surgery, massage saloon and technical background is located in the basement. On the second, third and fourth floor are senior’s rooms. The walls will consist of bricks with an additional contact thermal insulation system ETICS, the ceiling will be reinforced concrete constructions and the house will have a walkable flat green roof. Design documentation was processed using the program AutoCAD 2014.

The aim of the project is to restore water features in public spaces of the oldest city quarter Old Brno, and also to strengthen the genius loci of this characteristic district by mention of defunct Svratka raceway. The main theme of the work will be combination of water management, urbanism and architecture with a special attention on cultivation of public spaces by application of linear water features.

Urban structure is designed as a new centre of this city quarter with services, leisure time activities and new appartments. Leisure time centre is intended for adult as a educational and sport centre. It consist of two buildings conected by urban pedestrián bridge. The object is dominant of this area and links two quarters. The facade is design from concrete and red horizontal lamella blinds.

LEISURE CENTRUM ON THE BORDER OF TWO TERRITORIAL UNITS. RIVER SVRATKA AS A BORDERLINE, RIVER SVRATKA AS A CONNECTION POINT. DESIGN OF A BUILDING AND URBAN STRUCTURE IS BASED ON THE MOVEMENT OF THE RIVER AND ON THE VISUAL CONNECTION OF THE TWO RIVER SIDES. TWO WAYS ARE CROSSING AND IN THE MIDDLE CREATING DOMINANT. POINT OF INTEREST. PLACE OF RELAXATION. IDEAL HAPPY DAY.

This thesis aims to improve fundamental amenities near water by designing simple place of wooden houses related to beach. My proposal of revitalisation and extension of beach Kozí Horka consists of two large wooden piers and sport and leisure amenities.

With project I present a make more attractive part of the territory of the dam, through which I bring two new paths for visitors from the coast and the other from the surface. The overall objective of the procejt is to attract visitors to the dam for more than one day trip or just a walk. The number of hotels and guesthouses on the dam is excessive. I have therefore decided to offer nature lovers accommodation in the country in the immediate vicinity of water while ensuring the necessary comfort. The objective of the present proposal is to present a potential year-round use options of Brno dam - Spa in the frozen surface of the dam, accommodation for schools, and summer camps could revitalize this part even during other year periods.

The subject of the diploma thesis is the design of the ghrinder bridge over the Kyselá voda brook valley. The main topic is static calculation of supporting construction of six span structure. Two studies were executed and the second option, pre-stressed girder bridge was chosen. The lenght of the spans is 27 + 6 x 35 + 27 m. Static model and effect of loading are solved in software Scia Engineer. Reviews are calculated by hand according to current standards.

Studien undersöker tre strategiskt valda Facebook-kampanjer där projektledarna blivit intervjuade om deras uppfattningar av kampanjerna. Fyra grupper undersöktes sedan med fyra deltagare i varje för att se hur denna publik uppfattade kampanjerna. Därefter jämfördes skillnader och likheter i uppfattningarna mellan projektledarna och den utvalda publiken. I studien undersöks även vad båda parter anser karaktärisera en lyckad Facebook-kampanj. Teorierna som används är technology-image expectancy gap teorin som uppmärksammar hur publikens förväntningar kan mötas upp av organisationen och virtuellt kampanjskapande samt marknadsföring i sociala medier. Kvalitativa analyser av projektledarna och den valda publiken har genomförts för att undersöka skillnader och likheter i deras uppfattningar av de utvalda kampanjerna och vad de anser karaktäriserar en lyckad Facebook-kampanj. I analysen av resultatet kunde vi utifrån teorierna hitta skillnader och likheter i projektledarnas och publikens uppfattning av de kampanjer vi undersökte. När det kom till uppfattningarna kring vad som karaktäriserar en lyckad kampanj på Facebook var deras åsikter till största del lika med undantaget att projektledarna även poängterade omvärldsbevakning som en viktig del i kampanjskapandet på Facebook. Vi såg i resultatet att det fanns ett gap mellan projektledare och publiken i den mån att det inte handlar om att skapa den häftigaste kampanjen bara på Facebook då publiken genom andra medier påverkas att interagera med organisationen och därmed ser nyttan med att delta i kampanjen. Intressant och anpassat innehåll för publiken är faktorer som ger spridning på Facebook men främst genom andrahandskällor som exempelvis nyhetsinslag eller videoklipp från externa webbplatser, vilket tyder på att andra medier bör bearbetas under kampanjen. Främst ska kampanjen vara till nytta för publiken i form av underhållning eller en tjänst. Kampanjen bör även väcka en viss nyfikenhet hos publiken genom igenkännande av en produkt eller en känd person. Dagens kampanjer kräver ett gediget förarbete med omvärldsbevakning av publikens intressen vilket kan generera ett intressant innehåll och kunskap för dem som jobbar med kampanjen. Detta följs av omfattande realtidskommunikation med publiken.

Benzofenoni  i  kofein  su  sveprisutni,  kako  u  otpadnim,  tako  i  upovršinskim vodama, u koncentracijama od nekoliko ng/l do mg/l. Koriste seu proizvodnji kozmetičkih preparata, kao  pojačivači mirisa i ukusa, fiksatoriu  parfemima,  aditivi  u  plastici,  sredstvima  za  čišćenje,  u  proizvodnjipesticida.  Benzofenoni  su  UV  filteri  pa  se  često  koriste  u  proizvodnjisunčanih  naočara,  kao  i  u  proizvodnji  sapuna  i  parfema,  sprečavajući  UVzrake  da  oštete  miris  ili  boju  proizvoda.  BP-3  se  najčešće  koristi  ukozmetičkoj  industriji  kao  UV  filter  u  kremama  za  sunčanje,  losionima  zatelo,  šamponima,  bojama  i  sprejevima  za  kosu.  Kofein  se  primenjuje  uproizvodnji  prehrambenih  proizvoda,  lekova  i  kozmetičkih  preparata.Značajno  se  razlikuju  po  hidrofilnosti  (benzofenon  log  Kow  3,18;benzofenon-3  log  Kow  3,79;  kofein  log  Kow  -0,07).  Usled  nedostatkapodataka o sadržaju odabranih predstavnika benzofenona (benzofenon (BP) ibenzofenon-3(BP-3)) i kofeina (CF)  u različitim tipovima vode  (pre svega ulokalnim  otpadnim  vodama  i  rečnoj  vodi)  i  njihovom  ponašanju  utretmanima  voda,  izvršena  su  ispitivanja  u  efluentu  tipičnog  postrojenja  zapreradu  otpadnih  voda  i  rečnoj  vodi  Dunava.  Utvrđeno  je  da  su  sve  trikomponente  prisutne  u  efluentu  WWTP  (BP  od  0,112  µg/l  do  0,146  µg/l;BP-3 od 0,00718 µg/l do 0,42 µg/l; CF od 0,2 µg/l do 12 µg/l) i u Dunavu(maksimalno detektovana koncentracija je za BP 0,95 µg/l, za BP-3 0,62 µg/li  za  CF  0,7  µg/l).  Pored  ispitivanja  sadržaja  ovih  jedinjenja  ispitana  jeefikasnost nekonvencionalnih procesa u obradi efluenta WWTP  (adsorpcija,koagulacije,  PAC/CoA,  PAC/UF)  i  konvencionalnih  (adsorpcija,koagulacija)  i  nekonvencionalnih procesa (PAC/CoA, PAC/UF, CoA/UF)  uobradi  rečne  vode.  Pored  toga  ispitani  su  efekti  prirodnih  procesaprečišćavanja u rečnoj vodi.Nekonvencionalni  procesi  za  prečišćavanje  otpadnih  voda  su  ispitani  pripočetnoj  koncentraciji  supstanci  od  0,96  µg/l  do  2  µg/l.  Adsorpcija  naaktivnom  uglju  u  prahu  se  pokazala  efikasnom  (benzofenoni  se  uklanjaju>84%  -  >94% u zavisnosti od doze uglja, a kofein je moguće ukloniti i do84%).  Koagulacija  dozama  prirodnog  koagulanta  od  0,0375  ml/l  ikomercijalnog koagulanta  FeCl₃ od 4 mg Fe ³⁺ /l se  pokazala  neefikasnom zasve  supstance  (<20%).  Hibridni  PAC/CoA  koji  je  ispitivan  sa  različitimdozama  aktivnog  uglja  u  prahu  (5  i  20  mg/l),  prirodnim  koagulantom(0,0375 ml/l)  ili  komercijalnim  koagulantom  (4 mg Fe ³⁺ /l),  pokazao  se  kaoefikasan za uklanjanje BP, BP-3 i CF sa većom dozom  uglja A od 20 mg/l (>88%).  Hibridni membranski proces  PAC/UF je pokazao  visoku efikasnost za uklanjanje BP-3 (>68%) i CF (>99,95%) sa dozom uglja od 20 mg/l. Ispitivanjem  biodegradacije  BP,  BP-3  i  CF  primenom  laboratorijskog  test filtra, postignuta je efikasnost uklanjanja pri koncentraciji od 20 µg/l od  90% do  99%  i  pokazano  da  su  supstance  biodegradabilne.  Testovi  toksičnosti pokazali  su  značajno  smanjenje  ukupne  toksičnosti  smeša  tokom laboratorijskog  testa,  a  rezidualna  toksičnost  u  odnosu  na  D.  magna  može biti  posledica  nedetektovanih  transformacionih  produkata.  Transportom supstanci kroz sediment Dunava  uočeno je da  sediment predstavlja efikasnu barijeru  za  oba  testirana  benzofenona,  dok  CF  lako  prolazi  usled  svoje mobilnosti (log Kow -0,07). Eksperimentima fotodegradacije potvrđeno je da degradacija benzofenona UV zračanjem  zavisi od prisustva  anjona (HCO₃ -, Cl i SO₄ ^2-)  i DOC  u vodenom matriksu. Iako primenjeno UV zračenje nije bilo  realno  za  dezinfekciju  u  tretmanima  voda,  rezultati  su  pokazali značaj detaljnije  procene  kvaliteta  vode  u  slučajevima  kada  se  UV  zračenje primenjuje.Za uklanjanje odabranih supstanci iz rečne vode ispitani su  konvencionalni procesi  (zasebno  adsorpcija  na  aktivnom  uglju  u  prahu  i  koagulacija komercijalnim  koagulantom,  BOPAC ® )  i  hibridni  ili  nekonvencionalniprocesi  adsorpcije/koagulacije  (PAC/CoA),  adsorpcije/ultrafiltracije (PAC/UF) kao i koagulacije/ultrafiltracije (CoA/UF). Tokom ispitivanja PAC/CoA sa ugljem B (2 mg/l) i BOPAC ® (2 mg Al ³⁺ /l) u određenim  procesnim  kombinacijama,  (tokom  sukcesivnog  dodavanja  prvo uglja  B,  a  zatim  koagulanta)  uočene  su  specifičnosti  za  BP,  efikasnost uklanjanja BP je iznosila 92%. U slučaju doziranja prvo koagulanta, a zatim uglja  B  i  tokom  simultanog  doziranja  koagulanta  i  uglja  B,  efikasnosti  su iznosile  23  i  20%,  redom.  To  je  verovatno  posledica  kompeticije  iliblokiranja pora  uglja  POM iz rečne vode.  BP-3 se efikasno uklanjao tokom svih procesnih kombinacija sa ugljem B (87-93%), dok je za CF efikasnostuklanjanja iznosila  od 0-12%.  Hibridni procesi su se pokazali efikasniji priprimeni uglja C. U slučaju BP efikasnost je iznosila 81-90% i za CF 17-27% ,dok  je  za  BP-3  efikasnost  iznosila  od  71%  do  96%.  Hibridni  membranski procesi  PAC/UF  i  CoA/UF  u  obradi  rečne  vode  efikasni  su  u  uklanjanju supstanci  sa  visokim  log  Kow.  Benzofenoni  su  u  hibridnim  membranskim procesima  uklonjeni  od  69%-96% iz rečne  vode, dok su za kofein utvrđeni promenljivi rezultati i potreba za daljim istraživanjima.
Benzophenones and caffeine are ubiquitous  in wastewaters  and in surface  waters,  in  concentrations  that  vary  from  ng/L  to  mg/L. Benzophenones  are  used  as:  smell  and  flavor  enhancers,  perfume  fixers, plastic additives, cleaning agents, as well as in the pesticide manufacturing processes.  Their  UV-resistant  properties,  makes  benzophenones  a  suitable packaging component  –  to  prevent UV light from damaging the odor or the color of the product. Similarly, benzophenone-3 is most commonly used in the  cosmetics  industry;  as  a  UV  filter  agent  in  sunscreens,  body  lotions, shampoos, paints and hair sprays.  On the other hand, caffeine is prevalent in food-,  pharmaceutical-  and  cosmetics-manufacturing.  However, benzophenones  and  caffeine  have  significantly  different  log  Kow  values. Log Kow values for benzophenone and benzophenone-3 are 3.18 and 3.79,respectively, while for caffeine log Kow is  -0.07.  Due to the lack of data on the  content  of  selected  benzophenones,  (benzophenone  (BP)  and benzophenone-3  (BP-3))  and  caffeine  (CF)  in  different  types  of  water (primarily in local wastewater and  river water) and their behavior in water treatments, tests were  carried out: a) in the effluent of a typical wastewater treatment  plant (WWTP);  b) and  in  the river Danube.  In case of the WWTP effluent, the presence of all three compounds was detected in the following ranges: 0.112 μg/L to 0.146 μg/L for BP, 0.00718 μg/L to 0.42 μg/L for BP-3,  and  0.2  μg/L  to  12  μg/L  for  CF.  With  respect  to  the  Danube  river,  the highest  detected  concentration  for  BP  was  0.95 μg/L,  for  BP-3  was 0.62 μg/L,  while  CF  in  Danube  river  sample  was  measured  in  only  one sample, resulting in a concentration of 0.7 μg/L. In addition, this  work has investigated  the  efficacy  of  several  treatment  processes:  unconventional processes  in  the  WWTP  effluent  treatment  (adsorption,  coagulation, PAC/CoA, PAC/UF);  as well as the  conventional (adsorption, coagulation) and  unconventional  processes  (PAC/CoA,  PAC/UF,  CoA/UF)  in  the treatment  of  river  waters.  Furthermore,  the  effects  of  natural  purification processes  in  river  water  had  also  been  examined  within  the  scope  of  this research.Unconventional  wastewater  treatment  processes  were  investigated  at  initial concentrations  of  selected substances  that ranged  from 0.96 μg/L to 2 μg/L. Adsorption  on  powder  activated  carbon  was  effective  for  removal  of benzophenones  (> 84%  -> 94%)  and caffeine  (84%),  depending on the  dose of PAC A. Coagulation with doses of  natural coagulant of 0.0375 mL/L  and commercial  coagulant  FeCl 3 of  4  mg  Fe 3+ /L  was  ineffective  for  all substances  (<20%).  Hybrid  PAC/CoA  process,  investigated  with  different doses  of  PAC  A  (5  and  20  mg/L),  natural  coagulant  (0.0375  mL/L)  or commercial coagulant (4 mg Fe 3+ /L), proved to be effective for  the removal of BP, BP-3 and CF at a higher PAC A dose of 20 mg/L (> 88%). The hybrid membrane process PAC/UF proved to be highly effective in the  removal of BP-3 (> 68%) and CF (> 99.95%) with  20 mg/L  of  PAC A.  Biodegradation of BP, BP-3 and CF had been confirmed in Danube river water sample using a  laboratory  test  filter  filled  with  inert  material.  The  removal  efficacy  was 90-99%  at  a  concentration  of  20  μg/L.  Toxicity  tests  showed  significant reduction in total toxicity of the mixture during the  course of the  laboratory test,  whereas  the  residual  toxicity  in  relation  to  D.  magna  may  be  due  to undetected transformation products. Transportation of the substances through the  Danube  sediment,  indicated that sediment  acts as  an  effective barrier for both tested benzophenones, while  this is not  the  case with  CF.  Its mobility (log Kow  -0.07) allows CF to pass through the sediment.  Photodegradation experiments have confirmed that  BP  degradation  occurs due to  the presence of  anions  (HCO 3-, Cl  2-) and DOC in the aqueous matrix. Although the applied UV radiation was  not a realistic representation of disinfection in conventional water treatments, the results showed the importance of a more detailed  assessment  of  the  water  quality  in  cases  where  UV  radiation  is applied.  Herien  investigated  are  also  conventional  processes  (separately adsorption on PAC,  and coagulation  with commercial coagulant -  BOPAC ® ) and hybrid or unconventional  adsorption/coagulation  processes (PAC/CoA), adsorption/ultrafiltration (PAC/UF) and coagulation/ultrafiltration (CoA/UF) for the  removal of the selected substances from river water.The efficiency of BP  removal  via  PAC/CoA  with  PAC  B  (2  mg/L)  and  BOPAC ® (2 mg Al 3+ /L)  observed  specificity  of  removal  of  BP  in  certain  process combinations, such as successive addition of first PAC B and then coagulant. The efficacy of such BP removal was 92%. In case of the initial coagulant dosing, then PAC B, and in the case of simultaneous dosage of coagulant anPAC  B,  efficacy  were:  23%  and  20%,  respectively.  Such  outcome  is probably  a  result  of  the  competition/blocking  of  natural  organic  matter  in river  water.  BP-3  was  efficiently  removed  during  all  process  combinations with  PAC  B  (87-93%),  while  the  efficiency  of  CF  ranged  from  0-12%.  In general, hybrid process proved to be more efficient in case of PAC C. For BP and  CF,  the  efficacy  of  removal  amounted  to  81-90%  and  17-27%, respectively, wheareas the efficiency of BP-3 removal was found to be in the range  of  71-96%.  For  the  treatment  of  river  water,  hybrid  membrane processes PAC/UF and  CoA/UF are effective in the removal of  substances with  high  log  Kow.  Benzophenones  were  removed  from  hybrid  membrane processes  by  69%-96% from river water, while caffeine was found to have less consistent results and requires further research.

The aim of the diploma thesis is generation of active particles in plasma activated water (PAW) using a low-temperature plasma discharge. In this work I focus on the determination of hydrogen peroxide, nitrites and nitrates as active particles. The practical part is focused on a specific case of use of a plasma discharge in selected electrolytes dissolved in an aqueous solution. Here, three phosphates, differing in the number of acidic hydrogens, were selected for each experiment, and sodium chloride and tap water were compared for comparison. Phosphates were selected for their stable pH during plasma discharge in solution to monitor the effect of pH. The experiments were focused on investigating the stability of active particles in PAW, under which conditions is the highest production rate of these particles and what effect the pH value has on the result. It was found that hydrogen peroxide is generated the most in an alkaline environment but shows better stability in neutral. The concentration of generated nitrites is not high, but it shows stability, regardless of the polarity of the main electrode used for PAW generation. Nitrites were generated the most in alkaline environment and nitrates in acidic environment. One of the conclusions is that nitrates are not a very stable particle in PAW. Thanks to the activation and oxidation properties of plasma activated water, this method can be used in medicine or agriculture

In this work, there is an overview of the design concept of condensing boilers and types of heat pumps. The current state of heating in company is assessed and possible variants are given for techno-economic evaluation. For boiler room with the gas boiler is prepared a proposal with condensation boiler. For parameters are designed and calculated proposals to form a condensing boiler. The end of the work is focused on the advantages of gas boiler and heat pump.

Diploma thesis deals with a design and manufacture of oil cooler by technology Selective Laser Melting for Formula Student. The main goal of the design is to ensure optimal oil circuit cooling at a minimal mass. The design of manufactured oil cooler is based on a plate heat exchanger concept with optimized intakes by CFD simulations and heat exchange body with fins of thickness 0.17 mm. An analytical model was created. SLM process parameters were optimized for a thin walls printing, Subsequently, a fabrication of testing parts was finished for measuring pressure drops and performances of micro heat exchangers. Results were used for an accuracy improvement of the analytical model and for consequent optimization of heat exchange surface. Afterwards optimization was executed for inlets and outlets by using flow simulations. A prototype was built and verified on a test stand. Performance of the designed oil cooler is 4.5 kW for race mode, where temperature drop of oil circuit is 22 °C. The lightweight design weighs 320 g, which reduces more than 47 % of a current oil-air cooler weight. Furthermore, a centre of gravity is decreased by designed placement of the cooler.

Fokus ove doktorske disertacije je bilo izučavanje sorpcionog ponašanja tri herbicida koji se nalaze na listi prioritetnih supstanci prema Okvirnoj Direktivi o vodama EU (2000/60/EC) sa generalnim ciljem dobijanja podataka korisnih za prioritizaciju na osnovu novog fundamentalnog znanja o efikasnosti (ad)sorpcije za uklanjanje ovihsupstanci iz  vode u lokalno specifičnim uslovima. Odabrani su ksenobiotici različite rastvorljivosti, hidrofobnosti i donorsko-akceptorskih osobina, koji  pripadaju  različitim klasama  herbicida (dinitroanilinski-trifluralin, hloroacetamidni-alahlor i triazinski-  atrazin). Prva faza je obuhvatala karakterizaciju sorbenata i vodenih matriksa .U sintetičkom matriksu, trifluralin pokazuje veći afinitet na ispitivanim sedimentima u odnosu na alahlor i atrazin. I u slučaju organoglina, sorpcija je najizraženija za trifluralin. Alahlor i atrazin pokazuju slične sorpcione kapacitete na TMA-K, dok je na TMA-B, sorpcija izraženija za alahlor u odnosu na atrazin. U  zavisnosti od prirodnog matriksa, na oba sedimenta, najveće  Kd vrednosti su dobijene za trifluralin, dok su Kd vrednosti za atrazin i alahlor  bile veoma slične ili pak veće za atrazin. U slučaju organoglina, vrednosti  K_d su rasle sa porastom log  K_OW vrednosti herbicida na TMA-K u oba prirodna matriksa. Kada je u pitanju TMA-B, rast K_d vrednosti sa rastom log  K_OW vrednosti uočava se u površinskom matriksu pri C_e  = 0,05 mg/l i 0,5 mg/l, i podzemnom matriksu pri najvećoj ravnotežnoj koncentraciji C_e  = 0,5 mg/l. Kao najefikasniji sorbenti su se pokazali  TMA-B (Kd  = 10,5 -  483 l/kg) i model sediment (Kd = 16,4 -  761 l/kg). Odsustvo jasne linearne korelacije izmeĎu  Kd i  % TOC upućuje na važnost interakcija mineralne faze i herbicida. U slučaju sedimenata nisu utvrđene korelacije K_d sa log  K_OW vrednostima, dok kod organoglina one postoje. K _d  /K_OW odnosi su najveći kod atrazina na svim sorbenti ma pa se pretpostavlja da on najviše učestvuje u  uspostavljanju specifičnih interakcija zbog svojih donorsko-akceptorskih osobina. Što se tiče uticaja DOC,  zaključuje se da poreĎenje efikasnosti sorbenata treba sprovoditi u prirodnim matriksima jer sorpcioni koeficijenti variraju u zavisnosti od koncentracije polutanata, tipa i sadržaja DOC. Kolonskim eksperimentima je pokazano da atrazin i alahlor prolaze kroz kolonu sedimenta, dok je trifluralin skoro u potpunosti adsorbovan i u vrlo maloj koncentraciji detektovan u efluentu što je u saglasnosti sa rezultatima šaržnih eksperimenata na ovom sorbentu. Procenjeni faktor retardacije pomoću modela TransMod za atrazin je veći u prirodnim matriksima (R  _d  = 54 i R_d = 55 u podzemnoj i površinskoj vodi, redom) nego u sintetičkoj vodi (R _d = 40). Kod alahlora nisu uočene značajne promene faktora retardacije meĎu matriksima (R _d = 30-35). Ovi rezultati su suprotni očekivanjima na osnovu hidrofilnosti ksenobiotika i mogu biti  rezultat upravo interakcija sa organskim materijama koje su bile izražene u kolonskim testovima, verovatno i više nego u šaržnim testovima gde se nije pojavilo povećanje R_d vrednosti u prirodnim matriksima u odnosu na sintetički matriks.  Bez obzira što je  alahlor hidrofobniji od atrazina, u uslovima datog matriksa i sorbenta ispoljava slične (šaržni testovi) ilislabije sorpcione karakteristike  (kolonski testovi)  koje upućuju na mobilnost kroz prvi zaštitini sloj.  Treća faza je obuhvatala ispitivanje adsorpcije herbicida na aktivnim ugljevima u prahu. Ispitana je kinetika adsorpcionog procesa određivanjem koeficijenta za unutarčestični prenos mase herbicida u sirovim i ozoniranim prirodnim matriksima. Određena je efikasnost uklanjanja herbicida na razlilčitim ugljevima u prahu. Efikasnost uklanjanja se kretala u različitim opsezima u zavisnosti od odabranog uglja, vodenog matriksa i doze uglja. Na komercijalnim ugljevima najveća postignuta efikasnost (doza uglja od 15 mg/l) za  alahlor iznosi u površinskoj vodi 95%, a u podzemnoj 76%. Za atrazin to je u površinskoj vodi 58% i u podzemoj vodi 56%, a za trifluralin u površinskoj vodi 87%, a u podzemnom matriksu 92%. Na uglju sitnih čestica koji se koristi u kombinaciji sa membranskom filtracijom ovevrednosti su  i veće. Stepen uklanjanja DOC na komercijalnim ugljevima (pri dozi od 15 mg/l) iznosi do 57% za površinski matriks i do  51% za podzemni matriks. Slična efikasnost u uklanjanju DOC je postignuta i na uglju sitnih čestica u oba matriksa. Ozonizacija je ispoljila očekivan negativan uticaj, više ili manje izražen. U slučaju ksenobiotika, uticaji ozonizacije su bili različiti, u zavisnosti od primenjenog uglja, matriksa i supstance. Najizraženiji uticaj je kod alahlora,  i to u negativnom smislu,zbog pada efikasnosti uklanjanja, verovatno zbog kompeticije sa organskom materijom ili efekta solubilizacije. U nekim slučajevima, ali mnogo manje, taj efekat je primećen i kod trifluralina. Na oba komercijalna uglja primećen je pozitivan uticaj ozonizacije na uklanjanje atrazina, ali u različitim matriksima,  pa se može spekulisatipretpostavljanjem da dolazi do favorizovane raspodele u novim oblogama  POM na uglju formiranim nakon ozonizacije koje su i dovoljno adsorbabilne, ali i sa dovoljno reaktivnim osobinama za asociranje sa polarnim supstancama, što je delimično i potvrđeno rezultatima adsorpcione analize.  
The focus of  this doctoral thesis was the study of the sorption behavior of three herbicides which are on the list of priority substances according to Water Framework Directive (2000/60/EC). The aim  was  to obtain the  data useful for prioritization on the basis of the  new fundamental knowledge about (ad) sorption efficiency  for the removal of these substances from the  locally specific water matrices. Selected xenobiotics  were  differing  in  solubility, hydrophobicity, and donor-acceptor properties, which belong to different classes of compounds(trifluralin as herbicide, alachlor as chloracetamide herbicide and atrazine as triazine herbicide).  In the first phase  of the thesis  characterization  of sorbents and water matrices  was performed. The aim of the second phase was the testing  of  the sorption anddesorption of organic xenobiotics in the sediments and organoclays. The equilibrium  sorption parameters and removal efficiencies of herbicides were determined in different water matrices.  In the synthetic matrix, trifluralin showed a higher sorption affinity onto tested sediments in comparison to the alachlor and atrazine. In the case of organoclays, sorption was mostly  pronounced for trifluralin. Alachlor and atrazine have similar sorption capacities onto the TMA-K. For the TMA-B, the sorption was more pronounced for alachlor than atrazine. Depending on the natural water matrices,  the highest  K_d values were obtained for trifluralin onto both sediments. The  K_d values for atrazine and alachlor were very similar or even greater for atrazine. In the case of organoclays, K_d values increased with increasing log  K_OW values of herbicides onto TMA-K in both natural matrices. When it comes to TMA-B,  K_d  valuesincreased with increasing log  K_OW values in  the surface matrix forC_e = 0,05 mg/l and 0,5 mg/l, and in groundwater at the highest equilibrium  concentration  C _e   = 0,5 mg/l. TMA-B (K_d = 10,5  -  483 l/kg) and model  sediment  (kd= 16,4 to 761 l/kg) were the most efficient s orbents. The absence of  the  clear linear correlation between  K_d and % TOC  indicates the importance of the interaction of mineral phases and herbicides. Correlation between K _d  and K_OW values did not existed in the case of sediments,  contrary to the organoclays.  Since K _d  /K_oW ratios were the h  ighest for atrazine onto all sorbents, it  was  assumed that atrazine mostly participate in specific interactions due to its donor-acceptor properties. Regarding the  influence of DOC on sorption, it was concluded that a comparison of sorbents efficiencies should be carried in  native matrices as sorption coefficients vary depending on the concentration of pollutants, the type and content of DOC. Column  experiments showed that atrazine and alachlor passed through the column of the sediment, while the trifluralin almost completely was adsorbed and in very low concentrations detected in the effluent which is in accordance with the results of the  batch experiments.  Estimated retardation factors of atrazine were higher in natural matrices (R _d  = 54 and R_d = 55 in groundwater and surface water, respectively) than in  the synthetic water (R_d = 40_{). I}n the case of alachlor, retardation factors were similar among water matrices (R_d = 30-35). These results are in the opposition  based on the xenobiotic hydrophilicity, and they could be the consequence of interaction with the organic matter  present  in the column tests, probably more than in the batch tests. Estimations of  R_d based on batch tests  did not show an increase of R_d values in natural matrices, in comparison to the synthetic matrix. More hydrophobic alachlor, in the circumstances of the sorbent matrix exerts similar  (batch  tests) or lower sorption (column tests) characteristics that indicate mobility through the first protective layer.  The third phase  included herbicide adsorption tests onto powdered activated carbons. The adsorption kinetics was examined by determining the intraparticle mass transfer coefficients for herbicides in raw and ozonated natural water matrices. The removal efficiencies of herbicides for different powdered activated carbons were determined. Removal efficiencies were in different ranges depending on the selected carbon, water matrix and carbon dose. The highest removal efficiencies  for commercial carbons (for carbon dose of 15  mg/l)  for  alachlor were 95% and 76% in surface and groundwater, respectively. The highest  removal of atrazine was  58% in surface water and 56% in groundwater. In thecase of trifluralin, removal efficiencies were  87% in surface water and 92% in groundwater. The removal efficiencies for the carbon with fine particles  (usually  used in combination with a membrane filtration)  were greater. The removal of DOC    by  commercial carbons (at the dose of 15 mg/l) was less than 57% in the surface water and 47% in groundwater. A similar efficiency in DOC removal was achieved for the carbon with fine particles in both water matrices. Ozonation showed the expected   negative influence on  DOC  removal efficiencies, more or less pronounced. In the case of xenobiotics, ozonation influence was different, depending on the applied carbon and xenobiotic. The most important negative influence was  in the case of alachlor probably due to competition with organic matter or solubilization effect. The  same, but less pronounced effect was observed for trifluralin. The positive influence of ozonation was observed in removal of atrazine  by  both commercial carbons but in   different water matrices.  One can speculate that it comes to the favorable distribution in new NOM coatings on carbons formed upon ozonation, which are sufficiently adsorbable, but with enough reactive qualities for association with polar substances, which is partly confirmed by the results of adsorption analysis.

Predmet izučavanja ove disertacije je ispitivanje mogućnosti primene homogenog, heterogenog i Fentonsličnog procesa u tretmanu obojenih otpadnih voda grafičke industrije.  Kao Fenton katalizatori korišćeni su sintetisani gvožđe(III)-molibdat i nano nula valentno gvožđe, kao i komercijalni gvožđe(II)-sulfat. Istraživanja  su sprovedena u četiri faze. U prvoj fazi  je izvršena sinteza  i karakterizacija  Fenton  katalizatora, pri čemu su ustanovljene njihove osnovne morfološke karakteristike. Nano nula valentno gvožđe je sintetisano iz ekstrakta  lišća hrasta, dok je  gvožđe(III)-molibdat sintetisan putem tzv. vlažnog hemijskog postupka. U drugoj fazi je  izvršena optimizacija Fenton procesa u tretmanu sintetičkih rastvora grafičkih  boja primenom nove statističke  metode,  definitive screening design.  U  cilju postizanja  maksimalnog stepena obezbojavanja i mineralizacije tretiranog uzorka  ispitan  je  uticaj  sledećih  procesnih parametara: inicijalne koncentracije boje, koncentracije gvožđa, pH vrednosti i koncentracije vodonik-peroksida. Nakon ustanovljenih optimalnih uslova i izvršene verifikacije predloženog optimuma, sproveden je tretman realnog efluenta.  Stepen mineralizacije  tretiranog  efluenta  ustanovljen  je  na  osnovu  vrednosti  sadržaja  ukupnog  organskog  ugljenika  i  hemijske  potrošnje kiseonika.  U cilju razumevanja mehanizma degradacije grafičkih boja u Fenton procesu, kao i identifikacije prirode  degradacionih  produkata,  izvršena  je  kvalitativna  gasno-hromatografska/maseno  spektrometrijska analiza. Kinetika obezbojavanja realnog  efluenta  najbolje  je opisana primenom  Behnajady  -  Modirshahla  -Ghanbary  modela,  koji  definiše  inicijanu  brzinu  i  oksidacioni  kapacitet  posmatranog  procesa.  Rezultati  su ukazali  na  moguću  primenu  Fenton  procesa  u  tretmanu  CMYK  boja  usled  postizanja  visokih  efikasnosti obezbojavanja i mineralizacije tretiranih efluenata. Nedostatak primenjene metode se ogleda u činjenici da je većina  uzoraka  okarakterisana  kao  visoko  toksična,  a  ujedno  i  izrazito  kisela,  budući  da  je  ustanovljena optimalna  pH  vrednost  Fenton  tretmana  2  -  3.  Stoga  je  u  okviru  treće  faze  istraživanja  primenjen  dodatni tretman  realnog  efluenta,  adsorpcija  na  aktivnom  uglju  sintetisanom  iz  koštica  divlje  šljive.  Adsorpcioni tretman  je rezultovao smanjenjem  toksičnosti  kod  svih tretiranih uzoraka, koji  se  karakterišu  kao nisko do umereno toksični, te je sa tog aspekta moguće njihovo bezbedno ispuštanje u recipijent. Ujedno je ustanovljena i povećana mineralizacija uzoraka, kao posledica degradacije jedinjenja koja su inicijalno doprinela povećanoj toksičnosti. U četvrtoj fazi rada primenjena je metoda ocenjivanja životnog ciklusa sinteze Fenton katalizatora. Rezultati LCA su utvrdili da sinteza heterogenog Fenton katalizatora, gvožđe(III)-molibdata, ostvaruje najveće opterećenje  životne  sredine,  dok  bi  se  proces  sinteze  nano  nula  valentnog  gvožđa  mogao  unaprediti modifikovanjem ekstrakcione faze uz korišćenje alternativnih materijala i obnovljivih izvora energije. Značaj  predstavljenih rezultata se ogleda u činjenici da su uzorci obojenih otpadnih voda grafičke industrije prvi put podvrgnuti Fenton tretmanu koji je rezultovao visokim stepenom efikasnosti.
The subject of this thesis is  exploring the possibility of homogeneous, heterogeneous and Fenton-like process application in the treatment of dye wastewater in printing industry. Synthesized iron(III)-molybdate and nano zero valent iron, as well as commercial iron(II)-sulfate were used as a Fenton catalyst. The research was carried out in four  phases.  In  the  first  phase,  the  catalyst  synthesis  and  their  characterization  were  performed,  whereby  the morphological characteristics were established. Nano zero valent iron was synthesized from  oak leaf extract  and iron(III)-molybdate was synthesized by wet chemical process. In the second phase, the optimization of Fenton process was performed within the treatment of synthetic printing dye solution using a new statistical method, a definitive screening design. In order to achieve maximum decolorization and mineralization of the treated sample, the influence of  following  process parameters was conducted: initial dye concentration, iron concentration, pH value  and hydrogen peroxide concentration.  The treatment of printing effluent was performed  after  establishing optimal  conditions  and  verifying  the  proposed  optimum  values.  Mineralization  degree  of  treated  effluent  was determined based on the results of total organic carbon and chemical oxygen demand. In order to understand the dye  degradation  mechanism  in  Fenton  process,  as  well  as  to  identify  degradation  products,  a  qualitative  gaschromatographic/mass spectrometric analysis was carried out. The  kinetic studies of the printing effluent were best described by using the Behnajady- Modirshahla-Ghanbary model, which defines the initial speed and oxidation capacity of the process. The results indicated the possible application of the Fenton process in the treatment of CMYK dyes due to the high decolorization and mineralization efficiency of treated effluent. Disadvantage of the applied method is reflected in the fact that most of the samples are characterized as highly toxic and,  at the same time, extremely acidic since the optimum pH value of Fenton treatment is 2 - 3. Therefore, in the third phase of the study, adsorption process on functionalized biochar prepared from wild plum kernels was applied on real printing effluent.  Adsorption  treatment  resulted  in  toxicity  reduction  in  all  treated  samples,  characterized  as  low  to moderately toxic. Therefore, from this aspect, treated effluent can be safely released into the recipient. At the same time, increased mineralization of the samples was established as a result of the compounds degradation that initially contributed to high toxicity. In the fourth phase, a life cycle assessment method of Fenton catalyst was applied. The results of the LCA indicated that the synthesis of the heterogeneous Fenton catalyst, iron(III) molybdate, achieved the highest environmental burden, while the synthesis of nano zero valent iron could be improved by modifying the extraction phase using alternative materials and renewable energy sources.  The significance of the obtained results is high decolorization efficiency achieved by Fenton treatment of printing dye wastewater,  which was used for the first time.

Evolution and advancements of human activity is unstoppable, still we should not forget about basic natural processes which proceed no matter how man can influence them. Water is one of the main constructors of life and is necessary for function of everything live on the planet Earth. It often is categorized among the inexhaustible resources, still there lacks enough drinkable water. It is consumption grows in recent years with fast development of cities. It is the most important part of life on Earth and with urbanization and anthropogenic interference water is negatively affected and thus it is processes in nature. Interfering with water cycle makes for higher occurrences of droughts and floods, the quality of water streams suffers. Urban areas lack the surface where water could soak into the subsoil and underground water resources shrink. Through all these influences with which we affect natural water cycles the need for water and its consumption grows in our societies. For effective use of water comes up the idea of using not only the drinkable water but waste water and other types as well. Sources can be various, rain water, reused water. The focal point of this thesis is to be the impetus of discussion concerning the use of rain water and directly cleaning and reusing the water which comes straight from our homes. Rain water fills up underground water resources and also could be used in place of potable water. Substituting the potable water in activities and industries where such a high quality water is not needed and could be easily replaced with grey water. Grey water, being the waste water that comes from our bathrooms, is easily cleaned and can be used for various necessities. Current state where the potable water is used in absolute majority of human life appears to be extremely wasteful and unecological. Use of grey water and rain water is a possibility of ecological and thrifty water management which could prevent environmental damages and save water resources for the next generations.

Cilj ovog rada je ispitivanje mogućnosti uklanjanja visokih koncentracija organskih i neorganskih materija iz vodenih rastvora „Cross-Flow“ nanofiltracijom primenom spiralno uvijenih membrana. Mogućnosti separacije NOM-a, amonijum-jona i ukupnog arsena su ispitivane na koncentratima-otpadnim vodama dobijenim iz industrijskih nanofiltracionih uređaja i obuhvaćeni su eksperimentima serije NFCP. Izdvajanje visokih koncentracija jona kalcijuma, magnezijuma, gvožđa i mangana je ispitivano iz prirodnih podzemnih voda i izvedeno je u eksperimentima serije NFWP. Određeni su optimalni fluksevi i transmembranski pritisci, kao i koncentracije doziranja kompleksirajućih supstanci. Dobijeni poluindustrijski rezultati su praktično primenjivi u velikoj skali za pripremu pijaće vode kako iz dubokih, tako i iz plitkih akvifera. Primena prikazanih rezultata u pripremi vode za piće od vode dubokih izdani uz značajne uštede resursa je namenjena prvenstveno lokacijama u Panonskom basenu. Tretman bunarske vode plitkih izdani je pogodan posebno zbog dodatka organskih kompleksirajućih agenasa koji supstituišu uobičajene postupke deferizacije i demanganizacije i na taj način znatno smanjuju kako investicione, tako i eksploatacione troškove postrojenja. Dobijeni rezultati su poslužili kao osnova za izradu idejnog rešenja industrijskog postrojenja za kondicioniranje pijaće vode od bunarske vode duboke izdani iz regiona grada Zrenjanina, kao i izradu idejnog rešenja industrijskog postrojenja za kondicioniranje pijaće vode od bunarske vode plitke izdani regiona grada Bačke Palanke za naseljeno mesto Despotovo.
The goal of this thesis was to examine removal possibility of high concentrations of organic and inorganic matter from aquatic solution using “Cross-flow” spiral wound nanofiltration membranes. Natural organic matter, ammonia ions and total arsenic removal was examined using concentrates – waste water obtained from industrial nanofiltration plant and they present NFCP experiment series. Removal of high concentrations of calcium, magnesium, iron and manganese ions was a part of NFWP experiments and was conducted using natural groundwater. Optimal fluxes and transmembrane pressures, as well as complexing substances dosage concentrations were determined. Obtained results in semi industrial scale are practically applicable on the large scale plants for drinking water preparation from deep wells, as well as from shallow aquifers. Application of presented results, concerning drinking water preparation from deep wells with significant savings of water resources, is designed especially for locations in Pannonia basin. Shallow aquifer well water treatment is applicable in practice especially because of addition of organic complexation agents that substitutes conventional deferization and manganese removal methods ultimately reducing investment and exploitation costs. On the basis of obtained results, industrial plant that produces drinking water from Zrenjanin aquifer deep well was designed. Furthermore, potable water industrial plant was designed that used shallow aquifer well water located in Bačka Palanka region, settlement Despotovo.

Osnovni cilj istraživanja u okviru doktorske disertacije je definisanjekriterijuma na osnovu optimizacije usvojenog stepena sorbiranja idegradacije za modele transporta farmaceutika u aluvijalnim podzemnimvodama, koji služe kao polazna osnova za postavke budućih izvorištapodzemne vode. Dobijeni su novi podaci i informacije koje će se koristiti zaprocenu ponašanja farmaceutika, kao i za projektovanje i optimizaciju novihsistema za efikasnu zaštitu i upravljanje podzemnim vodama. Potpuno novirezultati se odnose na određivanje stepena eliminacije farmaceutika tokomprimene metode rečne obalske filtracije, kao i teorijsko i eksperimentalnopoređenje realnih podataka o stepenu sorbiranja i razgradnje farmaceutika.
The main goal of dissertation is to define new criteria based on theoptimization of applied sorption and degradation degree for groundwaterpharmaceuticals transport model, which serve as a basis for developmentand design of the future drinking water facilities. New data and information’sare obtained and can be used for assessment of pharmaceutical behavior inalluvial groundwater and for design of new and innovative systems for moreefficient protection and groundwater management. Novel results are referredon the determination of the pharmaceuticals elimination during river bankfiltration and on the theoretical and experimental comparison of real data forthe sorption and degradation capacity of selected pharmaceuticals.

The thesis is engaged in complete reconstruction of a heat system of a family house with higher heat loss, i.e. heat source, piping and radiators. As a heat source is chosen air-water heat pump. Heat system is designed with panel radiators with regard to minimum building interventions. A required power for hot water heating is calculated and selected a heat pump from suitable power range in combination with storage tank with hot water tank. The bivalent point is determined, as backup source are heating elements installed in storage tank. Drawings and circuit diagrams with safety elements are attached. In the end is calculation of estimated return.

As water resources are rapidly being exhausted, more and more interest is focused on the desalination of sea water and brackish water. Increasing amounts of fresh water will be required in the future due to the rise in population rates, increasing living standards and the expansion of industrial and agricultural activities. The thesis is concentrated on current issues of treatment of sea water, mainly the desalination based on the distillation principle, in order to develop a unit for seawater treatment. The aim is to develop a compact modular unit for seawater desalinate on based on the implementation and evaluation of experimental tests on the experimental unit. The solution includes an overview of systems for treatment of seawater, a discussion of structural and material aspects of the units, design and manufacture of the experimental unit and confrontation the calculated values with the results of experimental measurements.

Práce se soustředí na komparaci východisek neoklasické environmentální ekonomie, ekologické institucionální ekonomie a tržních přístupů k ochraně životního prostředí. Uvedené tři ekonomicko-teoretické směry v současné době představují hlavní paradigmata v rámci ekonomie životního prostředí a soupeří o míru vlivu na ekologickou politiku jednotlivých států či nadnárodních organizací. Jelikož tyto směry dochází k diametrálně odlišným doporučením ohledně preferovaných režimů správy přírodních zdrojů (státní, komunitní či soukromé vlastnictví), je cílem komparace nalézt prvky pro možný společný postup či naopak identifikovat příčiny hlavních odlišností. Ucelené srovnání všech tří ekonomicko-teoretických směrů nebylo doposud provedeno, což vede k izolovanému vývoji všech tří sledovaných paradigmat.

This thesis is focused on water resources which supply drinking water to the city Dobříš and the nearby village Stará Huť. The first part is focused on clarification of the issue of surface and ground water in particular. Furthermore, water management and climate change, with possible adaptation measures. The second part is devoted to detailed analysis of the area of interest. This mainly concerns the development of population, major employers and amenities. The goal of this thesis is to determine the maximum daily water needs for 2025 based on variables indicators with respect to the land use plan of Dobřiš city and the village Stará Huť. The result values are compared to current yields of all water resources. The final summary proposes the possible solution for emergencies in case of declining yields.

U radu je ispitana distribucija metala u sistemu sediment/voda na najugroženijim vodotocima uAP Vojvodini. Na osnovu dobivenih podataka urađena je procena rizika na osnovu analizeporne vode, kiselog volatilnog sulfida i simultano ekstrahovanih metala i sekvencijalneekstrakcione procedure. Procena mobilnosti metala u sistemu sediment/voda određena jepromenom fizičko-hemijskih uslova u realnom sistemu (vodotok) i u laboratorijskim uslovima.Ispitana je efikasnost in-situ (aeracijom sistema sediment/voda) i ex-situ remedijacijesedimenta metodama termičkog tretmana i solidifikacije/stabilizacije.Rezultati su ukazali da u svakom vodotoku i zaštićenoj zoni postoji lokacija u kojoj je sedimentbarem po jednom metalu klasifikovan (holandski sistem klasifikacije sedimenata) kao zagađen(klasa 3) ili izuzetno zagađen sediment (klasa 4). Generalno, kvalitet sedimenta manjihvodotoka (Krivaja, Nadela, Kudoš, Veliki Bački kanal i Begej) je lošiji u odnosu na ostaleispitivane vodotoke.Procena dostupnosti metala u sedimentu Velikog Bačkog kanala ukazala je da na svakomispitivanom profilu postoji minimum jedan metal i jedna metoda koja definiše sediment kaovisoko rizičan. Takođe je zaključeno da je sediment na delu od 2+000 do 4+900 km zagađeniji,jer postoji veći broj metala i metoda koji ga definišu kao visoko rizičnim. Ovako dobijenirezultati ukazuju da nije dovoljan jednostavan i samo jedan pristup u oceni kvaliteta sedimentai proceni rizika koji metali mogu da ispolje u akvatičnom ekosistemu.Ukazano je da pomeranje sedimenta (npr. otvaranja ustave), dovodi do promene fizičkohemijskihuslova u sistemu sediment/voda, resuspenzije i transporta sedimenta. Usled ovihpromena povećava se dostupnost metala i dolazi do povećanja njihove koncentracije u vodenojfazi čime se znatno povećava rizik i mogućnost ispoljavanja negativnih efekata na akvatičniekosistem.U slučaju resuspenzije sedimenta u sistemu sediment/voda pronađena je zavisnost izmeđukoncentracije metala u suspendovanim materijama i vodi od sadržaja određenih frakcija ususpendovanim materijama (sadržaj organskih materija i frakcije do 63 μm).Remedijacione tehnike često su ekonomski neprihvatljive zbog velike zapremine zagađenogsedimenta. Ukazano je da primena in-situ aeracije, omogućava smanjenje količine sedimenta(čime se smanjuju troškovi eventualno naknadnog tretmana sedimenta), a da je tretmansolidifikacije/stabilizacije sedimenta sa glinom i termičke remedijacije zadovoljavjući saaspekta izluživanja metala. Dobijeni rezultati izvedenih testova izluživanja ukazali su namoguću primenu ovih tretmana u pogledu rešavanja problema sedimenta koji je zagađenmetalima, bilo u pogledu sigurnog odlaganja na deponiju ili u smislu njegove upotrebe kaododatka pri proizvodnji građevinskog materijala (opeke), osnove za puteve, uređenje obale(nasipa) itd. Na taj način mogu se znatno umanjiti troškovi izmuljivanja i manipulacijekontaminiranog sedimenta, a sama remedijacija učiniti mnogo prihvatljivijom
This work investigates the distribution of metals in the sediment / water systems of the most endangered rivers in Vojvodina. Utilizing the data obtained, risk assessments are carried out based on analysis of pore water, acidic volatile sulphides and simultaneously extracted metals and sequential extraction procedure. The assessment of metal mobility in the sediment / water system is determined by the changing physical and chemical conditions in real systems (waterways) and under laboratory conditions. The effectiveness of in-situ (aeration of sediment / water) and ex-situ remediation of sediment by thermal treatment methods and solidification / stabilization are investigated. The results show that in each waterbody and protected area, certain locations have sediment which for at least one metal, is classified (by the Dutch system of sediment classification ) as polluted (class 3) or highly polluted (class 4). In general, the quality of sediment in smaller rivers (Krivaja, Nadela, Kudoš, Veliki Bački canal and Begej) is inferior to the other rivers studied. Assessment of the metals availability in the sediments of the Veliki Bački canal indicates that in each profile examined, at least one metal and one method defines the sediment as very hazardous. It is also shown that the sediment at the section from 2 +000 to 4 +900 km is the most polluted, with a number of metals and methods that define it as a high risk. The results indicate that it is inadequate to have a simple singular approach to sediment quality assessment and the assessment of the risks posed by metals detected in aquatic ecosystems. This work shows that sediment movement (e.g. from opening a sluice gate) leads to changes in the physical-chemical conditions of the sediment / water system, with resuspension and sediment transport. These changes increase metals availability and increase their concentrations in the aqueous phase, significantly increasing the posed risk and the possibility of adverse effects on aquatic ecosystems. In the case of sediment resuspension in the sediment / water system, a relationship was found between the concentration of metals in suspended matter and the concentration in the water for certain fractions of suspended matter (organic matter content and the fraction up to 63 μm). Remediation techniques are often not economically viable due to the large volume of contaminated sediments involved. It is shown that the implementation of in-situ aeration reduces the amount of sediment (which reduces the costs of subsequent sediment treatment), and that solidification / stabilization treatment with clay and thermal remediation results in satisfactory remediation with respect to metals leaching. Leaching test results show the potential of these treatments to solve the problem of sediments which are contaminated with metals, either in terms of safe disposal in landfill or in terms of its use as a supplement in the production of building materials (brick), as road foundation, or for river bank reinforcement (dams), etc.. Thus, the costs of dredging and manipulating contaminated sediments can be significantly reduced, making remediation itself much more applicable.

Predmet  izučavanja  ove  disertacije  bio  je  ispitivanje  mogućnosti  korišćenja  piritne izgoretine  u  tretmanu  otpadnih  voda  tekstilne  industrije  kao  i  dalji  tretman  mulja  nastalog nakon ovog procesa. Naime, nakon iskorišćenja ovog otpada  u Fenton procesima, iskorišćena piritna izgoretina u najvećem procentu čini mulj koji zaostaje nakon tretmana. Kako se piritna ruda još u procesu proizvodnje sumporne kiseline  koristi neprečišćena, zaostali  mulj koji je potencijalno  toksičan  i  ne  može  se  direktno  odlagati  bez  prethodnog  tretmana.  Stoga, primenjena  je  tehnika  stabilizacija  i  solidifikacija  (S/S)  uz  korišćenje  portland  cementa, kalcijum-oksida, prirodnog zeolita, letećeg pepela, kaolinita,  bentonita i  autohtone  gline  za imobilizaciju metala. Istraživanja u ovoj disertaciji vršena su u dve faze. Prva faza imala je za cilj  optimizaciju  operativnih  uslova  Fenton  tretmana  pri  kojima  se  postiže  najviši  stepen obezbojavanja  i  mineralizacije  ispitivanih  efluenata.  Takođe  ispitivanje  je  uključilo  i karakterizaciju nastalih efluenata kako bi se procenila efikasnost primenjenog, i mogućnost daljeg  tretmana.  Druga  faza  uključivala  je  karakterizaciju  nastalog  mulja  nakon  tretmana obojenih  efluenata  i  njegov  tretman  solidifikacijom  i  stabilizacijom.  Vršeno  je  određivanje efikasnosti  primenjenih  imobilizacionih  agenasa  u  S/S tretmanu  i  dominantnog  mehanizma izluživanja  metala  koji  opisuju  njihov  transport  iz  dobijenih  solidifikata.  Primenjeni  su  i modifikovani  testovi  izluživanja  sa  ciljem  što  bolje  simulacije  realnih  uslova.  Rezultati dobijeni  simulacijom  uslova  će  dalje  omogućiti  modelovanje  ponašanja  metala  u  smislu dugoročnog  "izluživanja"  iz  tretiranog  otpada  kao  i  procenu  najefikasnijih  agenasa  za imobilizaciju različitih metala u ovom tipu otpada. TakoĎe primenjeni su testovi izluživanja sa jednom ekstrakcijom kako bi se osiguralo  slaganje rezultata sa maksimalno dozvoljenim koncentracijama  aktuelnih  pravilnika.  Na  osnovu  dobijenih  rezultata  zaključeno  je  da  se piritna izgoretina može uspešno koristiti kao izvor katalitičkog gvožđa u Fenton tretmanima obojenih  efluenata  i  može  se  smatrati  efektivnom  metodom   predtretmana  za nebiodegradabilne  otpadne  vode,  čineći  ih  pogodnijim  za  konvencionalni  biološki  tretman. Takođe  u  drugoj  fazi  istraživanja,  na  osnovu  dobijenih  rezultata,  zaključeno  je  da  je  mulj tertian  sa  navedenim  imobilizacionim  agensima  uspešno  solidifikovan  i  stabilizovan materijal.  Optimalane  su  smeše  koje  kao  jedan  od  imobilizacionih  agenasa  sadrže  leteći pepeo, prevashodno u kombinaciji sa cementom i krečom. Dobijeni podaci su  neprocenjivi sa aspekta ekonomski i ekološki prihvatljivog upravljanja opasnim industrijskim otpadom. 
This work is concerned with exploring the possibility of using pyrite cinders in the treatment of  textile  industry  effluents  and  further  treatment  of  sludge  generated  after  this  process. Namely,  after  the  utilization  of  this  waste  in  Fenton  processes  slag  that  remains  after treatment is mostly composed of used pyrite cinder. As the pyrite ore, in the production of sulfuric  acid,  is  used  untreated,  sludge  that  remains  is  potentially  toxic  and  cannot  be disposed  directly  without  treatment.  Therefore,  the  stabilization  and  solidification  (S/S) technique  with  the  usage  of  portland  cement,  calcium  oxide,  zeolite,  fly  ash,  kaolinite, bentonite and native clay was used for metal immobilization. The research in this dissertation was carried out in two phases. The first phase aimed to optimize the operational conditions of Fenton  treatment  in  which  the  highest  degree  of  decolourization  and  mineralization  was achieved in tested effluents. Also the research has included the characterization of generated effluents in order to evaluate the effectiveness of the treatment applied, and the possibility of further  treatment.  The  second  phase  involved  the  characterization  of  the  generated  sludge after the treatment of effluents that contained dyes and its treatment with solidification and stabilization technique.  The determination of used immobilization agents effectiveness was Conducted  to  determine  the  efficacy  of  immobilization  agents  in  S  /  S  treatment  and  the dominant  mechanism  of  leaching  of  metals  that  describe  their  transport  from  the  received solidificate . Were applied and modified leaching tests with the aim of better simulation of real  conditions.  The  results  obtained  by  condition  simulation  will  enable  the  modeling  of behavior of metals in terms of long-term leaching period from the treated sludge and assess the most effective agents for the immobilization of various metals in this type of waste. Also, single-extraction leaching tests were applied to ensure the accordance of obtained results  with the maximum permissible concentrations of current regulations. Based on these results, it was concluded  that  the  pyrite  cinders  can  be  successfully  used  as  a  source  of  catalytic  iron  in Fenton  treatment  of  effluents  containing  dyes,  and  can  be  considered  an  effective pretreatment  method  for  non-biodegradable  waste  waters,  making  them  amenable  to conventional biological treatment. Also in the second phase, based on the results obtained, it was concluded that the sludge treated with  aforementioned  immobilization agents represents a successfully solidified and stabilized material. The optimal mixtures are those that contain fly ash as one of the used immobilization agents, primarily in combination with cement and lime.  The  obtained  data  are  invaluable  in  terms  of  economic  and  environmentally  sound management of hazardous industrial waste.