Dissertations / Theses: 'Voice assistants'

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Osipova, M., Наталія Ігорівна Муліна, Наталия Игоревна Мулина, and Nataliia Ihorivna Mulina. "Voice assistant." Thesis, Sumy State University, 2020. https://essuir.sumdu.edu.ua/handle/123456789/77845.

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Everyday devices become smarter. Thanks to software agent which is called an intelligent virtual assistant (IVA) or intelligent personal assistant we can use our appliances in full. Nowadays there are more than 30 different IVA, but all of them have differences. Popular voice assistants currently include Apple's Siri, Amazon's Alexa, Google Now, Google Assistant and Microsoft's Cortana. Voice assistants are technology-based. Voice assistants are built on artificial intelligence, machine learning and voice recognition technology. These agents can interpret human speech and respond via synthesized voices. They are the point of communication between you and all your connected devices.

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Wang, Hans S. M. Massachusetts Institute of Technology. "Voice wars : smart speakers, voice assistants, and strategies for building a successful voice ecosystem." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2019. https://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/122259.

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Thesis: S.M. in Engineering and Management, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, System Design and Management Program, 2019
Page 99 blank. Cataloged from PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references (pages 96-98).
In recent years, voice-powered digital assistants have exploded into the consumer mainstream as an important new form of human-computer interaction. Powered by dramatic improvements in speech recognition and artificial intelligence (Al) technologies over the last decade, digital voice assistants are now abundantly prevalent in modem consumer electronic devices ranging from mobile phones, to smart speakers, to wearables. As the technology matures and the availability of big data used by digital assistants proliferates, voice will soon become a primary modality by which people interact and accomplish tasks. Many of these tasks will be accomplished in consumer homes and digital voice assistants present a significant new opportunity where voice and the physical home intersect to dramatically reshape how consumers live in their home.
This also represents a tremendous opportunity for companies in the digital assistant industry, and, in order to successfully leverage this nascent technology, they will need to understand both their own strategic goals as well as their direct and indirect competitors' strategies in building a business ecosystem around voice-first digital assistants. A fierce struggle has begun - not just amongst current technology titans (i.e. Google, Amazon, Apple, Microsoft), but also involving key incumbent players in the home media and electronics industry (e.g. Samsung, Sonos, Bang & Olufsen).
The goals of this thesis, with respect to the current industry leaders in the digital assistant and smart home space, are to 1) understand the current landscape of the digital assistant voice ecosystem, 2) elucidate each major players' current voice-powered digital assistant platform strategy, 3) analyze the consumer adoption, selection, and diffusion mechanisms for digital voice assistants in the consumer smart home, and 4) determine what the likely outcomes are for each major player as well as the likelihood of success and associated risks with the current ecosystem and platforming strategies employed. Finally, through additional market analysis and industry projections, strategic recommendations will be presented to guide each key player over the next decade. Following these recommendations will be key to winning the digital assistant voice wars and for creating a successful and sustainable voice technology ecosystem in the personal digital assistant market.
by Hans Wang.
S.M. in Engineering and Management
S.M.inEngineeringandManagement Massachusetts Institute of Technology, System Design and Management Program

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Tlemcani, Ismail. "SYSTEM-LEVEL AUTOMATED TESTING FOR HOME DIGITAL VOICE ASSISTANTS." Thesis, Mälardalens högskola, Akademin för innovation, design och teknik, 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:mdh:diva-51050.

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Home Digital Voice Assistants (HDVA) are devices that are performing tasks based on voice commands. A normal user can use these devices to perform daily tasks like sending an email, play a song or check for an event online, just to name a few. These systems got very popular in recent years due to their ease of use and the evolution of their technology that is now handling many commands and is able to perform complex tasks. HDVA devices are also nowadays used in some critical cases like for door opening and in some healthcare services. On the other hand, software testing is an important verification and validation activity used to reveal software faults in systems that include a software part. This activity is used to make sure that the expected behavior of the system matches the actual software execution. This activity results in the creation of test cases that are run as scripts in an automatic way. Because of the fact that HDVA devices are used nowadays in some critical use cases, it is of utmost importance that these devices are thoroughly tested to make sure that they are behaving in the correct way. In this thesis, we first investigated the current automation testing frameworks for HDVA devices that exist in the market by doing a multivocal literature review. This is an important step to do in order to discover what are the existing frameworks in the market and therefore decide on the most appropriate research that can be carried out on these. We have, after doing the multivocal literature review and listing the available automation testing tools for HDVA devices, evaluated one tool selected from this review and assessed its usefulness and applicability for professionals and researchers in terms of ease of use and resources it uses during test execution. During the evaluation, we focused on automation testing tools for the Amazon Echo device because of its popularity on the market and the great amount of resources that are available online on this device and we focused on system testing. After doing the multivocal literature review, we found that the Botium framework is the only framework available to use to test the Amazon Echo device on a system level. We took the Botium framework as the framework to be evaluated and we performed an evaluation on it from a test automation capability perspective. The evaluation was done on a virtual machine which was set up locally with the VMware software. The evaluation showed a slow test execution capability of the Botium tool. More studies are needed on testing the other popular HDVA devices and on the lower testing levels.

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Gustafsson, Viktor. "Interacting with Intelligent Personal Assistants : Blending Voice and Chat Interaction to Improve Learnability." Thesis, Umeå universitet, Institutionen för tillämpad fysik och elektronik, 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-181881.

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The largest software companies in the world are racing to develop their Intelligent Personal Assistants. Each with more and more capabilities and ways for users to access them. The different assistants have different capabilities and one of the ways the companies are differentiating is in the interaction techniques their assistants that are controlled with, most uses voice, and some uses text. This thesis walks through these interaction techniques, give a brief overview of intelligent personal assistants today and explores how learnability differentiate when using these interaction techniques. The thesis also investigates when users have access to multiple interaction techniques to use in combination when interacting with such an assistant. To evaluate the field, a literature study was conducted covering Intelligent Personal Assistants, interaction techniques, conversational user interfaces, modalities, multimodal interaction, voice and chat interfaces. Interviews with early adopters of Intelligent Personal Assistants was performed to better understand the current state of the technology and how users were using it. To evaluate the learnability differences in different interaction techniques, a series of user tests in a wizard-of-oz setup was conducted. In the user tests the different groups was using different interaction techniques to interact with their assistants. The main findings of the user tests was that there are indications to that the type of language used differs depending on the interaction techniques. Users who interact through voice is more prone to use a more natural language, while users using a chat interface quickly started to treat the interactions with the Intelligent Personal Assistant as commands. The result observed was that users who interacted with the assistant using chat and then switched to interacting through voice used a shorter, more command-like language when they interacted through voice as well.

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Bergman, Karolina, and Daniela Sundin. "Speaking About Voice : A Study on Communicating Brand Personality Through Virtual Assistants." Thesis, Linköpings universitet, Företagsekonomi, 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-158658.

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Problematization: Earlier research on brand communication emphasize the importance of communicating a brand consistently throughout all marketing channels and media. Virtual assistants (VAs) are a new marketing media and a relatively new technology with which a brand can communicate with customers. However, the theory and knowledge about how to use it as a communication tool for a brand is limited. With human communication attributes being a unique characteristic of VAs as a marketing medium, it is suggested that these can be used to clarify and supplement the traits of a brand’s personality. Research Questions: How is brand personality communicated via integrated marketing communications? How does communication with VAs affect the consumers’ perception of a brand’s personality? Purpose: This report investigates, through theories on integrated marketing communication, brand and communication, how brand personality can be communicated through a voice. The study also shows how human conversation attributes are of importance in conversation with virtual assistants, and how these affect brand personality. Conclusion: The study has shown that virtual assistants could provide the opportunity to augment a brand’s personality as a result of their ability to adopt human communication attributes. If the conversational expectations are not fulfilled, the impression of the VA, and therefore the brand it represents, will be negatively affected. If VAs overcome the communication and social obstacles, of which some are presented in this study, they can become a valuable medium for communicating brand personality. Knowledge Contribution: This study has given an understanding for human-to-brand conversation through voice and what aspects that may be considered when developing a VA for marketing purposes. A theoretical model has been developed to show how brand personality and communication attributes can affect the brand communication through virtual assistants.

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Roffey-Barentsen, Jodi. "Voices from the classroom : an exploration of the perceptions of teaching assistants." Thesis, Brunel University, 2011. http://bura.brunel.ac.uk/handle/2438/6052.

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This research gave voice to teaching assistants, exploring their experiences and perceptions, in terms of their backgrounds, roles and responsibilities, experiences whilst studying on an NVQ programme, support from their schools, their aspirations and the progression routes available to them. A small-scale phenomenological study approach was adopted, aimed to interpret and explain human actions and thought through descriptions, capturing first person accounts. Qualitative data was collected from focus group interviews. The research found that the main entry route into the role of teaching assistant was that of parent-helper at the school their child(ren) attended. Previous employment was varied, however, previous skills and experience was not drawn upon or utilised by the schools. Differences in job titles were not reflected by the roles performed by the participants. Support from their schools for undertaking qualifications was limited and participants had little knowledge of progression routes available to them. The research concluded that there is a need for a transparent career structure, which indicates levels of responsibility. Linked to this should be nationally recognised qualifications, which every member of support staff would have to gain, at the appropriate level for the role they fulfil. Wages should reflect the roles and associated qualifications, bringing about a clearer picture of the job of ‘teaching assistant’.

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Williams, Brian. "Bicycle Crash Detection: Using a Voice-Assistant for More Accurate Reporting." Thesis, University of Oregon, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/1794/23760.

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It is estimated that over half of bicycle crashes are not reported. There are various reasons for this, such as no property damage or physical injuries sustained. In order to improve the likelihood that bicycle riders will report a crash, I have developed Urban Bike Buddy, a smartphone application which uses the internal sensors of the device to detect a crash. The application interacts with Alexa to help guide the user through the crash reporting process. The innovative features of my work are the ability to initiate communication with Alexa without user interaction. In addition, there is an intersection controller that has been connected to extra hardware that allows bicycle riders to request a crossing signal during their approach based on the speed that they are riding. These features add value to bicycle riders, and will help contribute to a safer environment for bicycle riders, automobiles, and pedestrians as well.

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Backhans, Gustav, and Douglas Driving. "Voice assistants and railway passengers : A user-centered exploration of value creation opportunities in a railway service context." Thesis, Linköpings universitet, Institutionen för datavetenskap, 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-166386.

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There is a current rising trend of using voice assistants (VAs) to perform tasks in new ways, and various companies are considering introducing them as part of their service propositions. One such company is the railway service provider SJ AB that is interested in understanding how a VA may benefit their passengers. To better understand the utility of a VA in the railway service context, this thesis aims to explore the value creation opportunities that the introduction of such a technology presents. This exploration is done through identifying the potential functionality of such a VA, what value that functionality can create for passengers, and what barriers exist for creating that value. This identification is done through a user-centred research process, during which design probes and experience prototyping were carried out with railway passengers and analysed through qualitative content analysis. The results show that a VA presents fast, convenient, and intuitive access to a wide set of functions but is hindered by its invisible affordances and the user’s preconceptions. It shares several functions with existing channels, presented in a new way, that span the entire course of the train journey. The functionality and the identified functions primarily create utilitarian values, which connects to the passenger’s pragmatic view of the service. Furthermore, the passengers perceived the VA as an agent able to take over responsibilities and tasks from the passenger, resulting in a peace of mind but also a diminished sense of control. Finally, the railway service context affected what functionality is suitable, what values can be created and what barriers need to be considered. Some of the value creation possibilities and barriers are also contemporary and might change with shifting social norms and further technological development.

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Eriksson, Filip. "Onboarding Users to a Voice User Interface : Comparing Different Teaching Methods for Onboarding New Users to Intelligent Personal Assistants." Thesis, Umeå universitet, Institutionen för tillämpad fysik och elektronik, 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-149580.

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From being a fictional element in sci-fi movies, voice user interaction has become reality with intelligent personal assistants like Apple’s Sir iand Google’s Assistant. The development opens up for new exciting user experiences and challenges when designing for these experiences. This thesis has aimed to investigate the user experience of different ways of onboarding new users to intelligent personalassistants. The process has included interviews with experienced users, a test of a Google Home for three months and a wizard of oz (WOZ) test. The interviews and the long term test was done in correlation with a literature study to determine how users interact with an intelligent personal assistant (IPA) their flaws, benefits, what added value they have etc. The goal of the WOZ test was to compare two different teaching methods during the onboarding of a new user. The methods were a voice tutorial by the IPA and a visual interaction on a mobile device. The outcome was to see if the users memory retention was different between the two methods for features learned during the test as well as the users opinions of the two different methods. The results from the interviews show that the benefits of using an IPA is in situations where it reduces friction, e.g when both hands are occupied. They also showed that there are still issues with IPAs and there is a long way to go before they can a accomplish a more human-to-human like conversation. In the WOZ test the results showed that there were no significant difference in user remembrance of learnt features between the two teaching methods. However the user insights showed that the majority of users would like to have a multimodal interaction, a combination of voice and visual interaction when being taught to use an IPA.

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Gersil, Tuna, and Ismail Hilal. "The Role of Conversational Interfaces in the Future of Digitaland Technology." Thesis, KTH, Skolan för elektroteknik och datavetenskap (EECS), 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-279688.

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Conversational interfaces (CIs) have been a trending topic in recent years. As of the last decade, CIs have emerged with the aim of simplifying human-machine interactions and found a wide use case in the market. For example, Siri and Google Assistant are some of the most well-known CIs developed by the tech giants Apple and Google. The digital landscape has evolved from web, to mobile apps, to recently CIs. Nowadays, CIs, in particular chatbots and voicebots, are becoming increasingly common. Whether navigating the web or messaging on a phone, it is likely that CIs have been confronted offering the user help.However, CIs have not managed to reach a large-scale use. Furthermore, the reasons regarding the challenges faced by CIs as well as their usability are not greatly explored. In this thesis, we explore the most relevant uses of CIs and the reasons hindering a widespread use of CIs. Our goal is to provide an insight into CIs’ uses and list the reasons regarding the challenges faced by CIs. The research study followed a mixed method approach connecting an explorative qualitative literature study, a survey and an interview. The data was collected by using a systematic mapping approach for it being more suitable for conducting an effective literature review. The survey and the interview were conducted in order to confirm the findings.According to our research, it was found that the most common use cases of CIs were in customer service, sales, travel and bookings, education, healthcare and as voice assistants. The most prominent challenges faced by CIs were poor usability, language processing and understanding, speech recognition and natural language generation and security and privacy. As a conclusion, the future looks promising for CIs, however, they need to be furher researched and developed in order to help them reach a widespread use in the future.
Konversation Gränssnitt (CIs) har varit ett trendande ämne de senaste åren. Sedan det senaste decenniet har CIs kommit fram i syfte att förenkla interaktioner mellan människor och maskiner och har hittat ett brett användningsfall på marknaden. Det digitala landskapet har utvecklats från webb, till mobila appar till nyligen CI. Numera blir CIs, i synnerhet chatbots och voicebots, allt vanligare. Vare sig du navigerar på webben eller meddelanden i en telefon, är det troligt att CIs har konfronterats med att erbjuda användaren hjälp.CIs har dock inte lyckats uppnå storskalig användning. Dessutom är orsakerna till de utmaningar som CIs står inför och deras användbarhet inte utforskas i hög grad. I den här avhandlingen undersöker vi de mest relevanta användningarna av CIs och orsakerna till en utbredd användning av CIs. Vårt mål är att ge en inblick i CI: s användningar och lista orsakerna till de utmaningar som CIs står inför. Forskningsstudien följde en blandad metodstrategi som ansluter en utforskande kvalitativ litteraturstudie, en undersökning och en intervju. Uppgifterna samlades in med hjälp av en systematisk kartläggningsätt för att göra dem mer lämpliga för att genomföra en effektiv litteraturgranskning. Undersökningen och intervjun genomfördes för att bekräfta resultaten.Enligt vår forskning konstaterades att de vanligaste användningsfallen för CIs var kundservice, försäljning, resor och bokningar, utbildning, sjukvård och som röstassistenter. De mest framstående utmaningarna för CIs var dålig användbarhet, språkhantering och förståelse, taligenkänning och naturlig språkgenerering och säkerhet och integritet. Sammanfattningsvis ser framtiden lovande ut för CIs, men de måste undersökas och utvecklas ytterligare för att hjälpa dem att uppnå utbredd användning i framtiden.

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Allawerdi, Rabii. "Gamers and non-gamers preferences ofcrossmodal AI assistants : A remote explorative study on the uncanny." Thesis, Karlstads universitet, Handelshögskolan (from 2013), 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kau:diva-86021.

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Technological advancements have allowed the design of more realistic virtual characters, for example, in-game development; meanwhile, researchers argue that more realism is not always suitable. As an explorative pilot study, this thesis investigates the uncanny among human-like agents and intelligent systems with human-like attributes. The thesis focuses on the uncanny theories to understand whether Mori's Uncanny Valley (UV) or Tinwell's Uncanny wall (UW) is more suitable when designing with a user-centred approach. The study facilitated two remote focus group workshops consisting of seven participants to understand the participant's expectations, needs and desires of existing and future AI technology. The participants consisted of two target groups, gamers and non-gamers, in order to understand if exposure to AI leads to adoptability of the technology. The participants described their perspectives and needs of existing AI assistants, and their preferences of human-like cross modality such as voice and avatar for future assistants. The research activities resulted in insights and four themes: rejection of existing assistant technology, productivity and task management, expectations of future AI assistants and balancing human-likeness. Findings show that participants reject existing assistant technologies, as old tangible habits, social norms, and incompatibility prevent the adoption of existing assistant technology. While both gamers and non-gamers seek a balance between generic robotics and pure human likeness, none of the participants fully adopted the idea of human likeness as it generates uncanny feelings.

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Björkman, Adam, and Max Kardos. "Threat Analysis of Smart Home Assistants Involving Novel Acoustic Based Attack-Vectors." Thesis, Blekinge Tekniska Högskola, Institutionen för datavetenskap, 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:bth-18329.

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Background. Smart home assistants are becoming more common in our homes. Often taking the form of a speaker, these devices enable communication via voice commands. Through this communication channel, users can for example order a pizza, check the weather, or call a taxi. When a voice command is given to the assistant, the command is sent to cloud services over the Internet, enabling a multitude of functions associated with risks regarding security and privacy. Furthermore, with an always active Internet connection, smart home assistants are a part of the Internet of Things, a type of historically not secure devices. Therefore, it is crucial to understand the security situation and the risks that a smart home assistant brings with it. Objectives. This thesis aims to investigate and compile threats towards smart home assistants in a home environment. Such a compilation could be used as a foundation during the creation of a formal model for securing smart home assistants and other devices with similar properties. Methods. Through literature studies and threat modelling, current vulnerabilities towards smart home assistants and systems with similar properties were found and compiled. A few vulnerabilities were tested against two smart home assistants through experiments to verify which vulnerabilities are present in a home environment. Finally, methods for the prevention and protection of the vulnerabilities were found and compiled. Results. Overall, 27 vulnerabilities towards smart home assistants and 12 towards similar systems were found and identified. The majority of the found vulnerabilities focus on exploiting the voice interface. In total, 27 methods to prevent vulnerabilities in smart home assistants or similar systems were found and compiled. Eleven of the found vulnerabilities did not have any reported protection methods. Finally, we performed one experiment consisting of four attacks against two smart home assistants with mixed results; one attack was not successful, while the others were either completely or partially successful in exploiting the target vulnerabilities. Conclusions. We conclude that vulnerabilities exist for smart home assistants and similar systems. The vulnerabilities differ in execution difficulty and impact. However, we consider smart home assistants safe enough to usage with the accompanying protection methods activated.
Bakgrund. Smarta hemassistenter blir allt vanligare i våra hem. De tar ofta formen av en högtalare och möjliggör kommunikation via röstkommandon. Genom denna kommunikationskanal kan användare bland annat beställa pizza, kolla väderleken eller beställa en taxi. Röstkommandon som ges åt enheten skickas till molntjänster över internet och möjliggör då flertalet funktioner med associerade risker kring säkerhet och integritet. Vidare, med en konstant uppkoppling mot internet är de smarta hemassistenterna en del av sakernas internet; en typ av enhet som historiskt sett är osäker. Således är det viktigt att förstå säkerhetssituationen och riskerna som medföljer användningen av smarta hemassistenter i en hemmiljö. Syfte. Syftet med rapporten är att göra en bred kartläggning av hotbilden mot smarta hemassistenter i en hemmiljö. Dessutom kan kartläggningen fungera som en grund i skapandet av en modell för att säkra både smarta hemassistenter och andra enheter med liknande egenskaper. Metod. Genom literaturstudier och hotmodellering hittades och sammanställdes nuvarande hot mot smarta hemassistenter och system med liknande egenskaper. Några av hoten testades mot två olika smarta hemassistenter genom experiment för att säkerställa vilka hot som är aktuella i en hemmiljö. Slutligen hittades och sammanställdes även metoder för att förhindra och skydda sig mot sårbarheterna. Resultat. Totalt hittades och sammanställdes 27 stycken hot mot smarta hemassistenter och 12 mot liknande system. Av de funna sårbarheterna fokuserar majoriteten på manipulation av röstgränssnittet genom olika metoder. Totalt hittades och sammanställdes även 27 stycken metoder för att förhindra sårbarheter i smarta hemassistenter eller liknande system, varav elva sårbarheter inte förhindras av någon av dessa metoder. Slutligen utfördes ett experiment där fyra olika attacker testades mot två smarta hemassistenter med varierande resultat. En attack lyckades inte, medan resterande antingen helt eller delvis lyckades utnyttja sårbarheterna. Slutsatser. Vi konstaterar att sårbarheter finns för smarta hemassistenter och för liknande system. Sårbarheterna varierar i svårighet att uföra samt konsekvens. Dock anser vi att smarta hemassistenter är säkra nog att använda med medföljande skyddsmetoder aktiverade.

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Glaesener, Tim. "Exploring Siri’s Content Diversity Using a Crowdsourced Audit." Thesis, Malmö universitet, Institutionen för konst, kultur och kommunikation (K3), 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:mau:diva-44105.

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This thesis aims to explore and describe the content diversity of Siri’s search results in the polarized context of US politics. To do so, a crowdsourced audit was conducted. A diverse sample of 134 US-based Siri users between the ages of 18-64 performed five identical queries about the politically controversial issues of gun laws, immigration, the death penalty, taxes and abortion. The data were viewed through a theoretical framework using the concepts of algorithmic bias and media-centric fragmentation. The results suggest that Siri’s search algorithm produces a long tail distribution of search results: Forty-two percent of the participants received the six most frequent answers, while 22% of the users received unique answers. These statistics indicate that Siri’s search algorithm causes moderate concentration and low fragmentation. The age and, surprisingly, the political orientation of users, do not seem to be driving either concentration or fragmentation. However, the users' gender and location appears to cause low concentration. The finding that Siri’s search algorithm produces a long tail of replies challenges previous research on the content diversity of search results, which found no evidence of fragmentation. However, due to the limited scope of this study, these findings cannot be generalized to a larger population. Further research is needed to support or refute them.

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Parviainen, Emmi. "Psst, Wish Me Luck : Speculating Whispering as an Interaction Modethrough Design Fiction." Thesis, KTH, Skolan för elektroteknik och datavetenskap (EECS), 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-258801.

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The voice technology today is limited to explicit interaction and does not take advantage of the connotation of voice modalities. Research has shown that it is possible to sense emotions and feelings as well as the context of information based on the tone of voice. Building on existing theory and Research through Design, this thesis aims to speculate the use of whispering in human-computer interaction. It also discusses how this might lead to a more preferred future or cause tensions within addictive technology and the politics of voice assistants. The results argue that whispering has an impact on the relationship and trust between a human and a machine and that it could be used as an active interaction mode with voice assistants. Further research is needed to identify the effect of whispering on different users and the influence of different voice modalities.
Röstteknologin idag är begränsad till explicit interaktion och utnyttjar inte konnotationen av röstmodaliteter. Forskning har visat att det är möjligt att identifiera känslor och sammanhang med information baserad på tonfallet. Med utgångspunkt i befintlig teori och Research through Design, syftar denna avhandling till att spekulera kring användningen av viskning i interaktion mellan människor och datorer. Det diskuteras hur detta kan leda till en mer gynnsam framtid alternativt orsaka konflikt inom beroendeframkallande teknik och röstassistenternas politik. Resultaten menar att viskning påverkar förhållandet och förtroendet mellan människa och maskin och att den kan användas som ett aktivt interaktionsläge hos röstassistenter. Ytterligare forskning behövs för att identifiera effekten av viskning på olika användare och påverkan av olika röstmodaliteter.

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Song, Qunying, and Hui Shen. "Intelligent Voice Assistant." Thesis, Högskolan Kristianstad, Sektionen för hälsa och samhälle, 2012. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hkr:diva-9360.

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This project includes an implementation of an intelligent voice recognition assistant for Android where functionality on current existing applications on other platforms is compared. Until this day, there has not been any good alternative for Android, so this project aims to implement a voice assistant for the Android platform while describing the difficulties and challenges that lies in this task.

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Ekenberg, William, André Ekström, and Hannes Töyrä. "''Hey Google, jag är hemma!'' : En studie om smarta hem och hur tekniken skapar värde för konsumenten." Thesis, Umeå universitet, Institutionen för informatik, 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-183227.

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Smart homes are based on connecting different parts and components of the household through sensors and the use of the internet. The interconnection of the household enables control and remote control of the home. The factors behind consumer adoption of the smart home have been studied but there are still questions regarding the value propositions of smart homes. This study presents material that can provide insights into what value propositions young adults demand in smart home products. The methods used to produce the study results were, a survey and a questionnaire. The results from the survey showed that smart voice assistants were appreciated by the participants. However, all the participants believed the functional value of the smart voice assistants was limited. After participating in the survey, they felt no real need for the smart voice assistant in their home. The results from the questionnaire’s 112 answers showed that a large majority of the respondents did not own a smart voice assistant. Many did however, express a positive opinion towards voice assistants and were open to the purchase of a smart voice assistant in the future. The small number of respondents that did own a smart voice assistant were all satisfied with their purchase of a smart voice assistant

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Cosic, Miroslav. "WishToys : a Web-based electronic shopping assistant featuring voice access." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 2001. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk3/ftp04/MQ59318.pdf.

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Easwara, Moorthy Aarthi. "Voice activated personal assistant| Privacy concerns in the public space." Thesis, California State University, Long Beach, 2014. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=1527547.

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Sereesathien, Siriwan. "A GitHub-based Voice Assistant for Software Developers and Teams." DigitalCommons@CalPoly, 2021. https://digitalcommons.calpoly.edu/theses/2334.

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Software developers and teams typically rely on source code and tasks management tools for their projects. They tend to depend on different platforms such as GitHub, Azure DevOps, Bitbucket, and GitLab for task-tracking, feature-tracking, and bug-tracking to develop and maintain their software repositories. Individually, developers may lose concentration when having to navigate through numerous screens consisting of various platforms to perform daily tasks. Additionally, while in meetings (non-virtual), teams are often separate from their machines and often would have to rely on pure recollection of the tasks and issues related to their work. This can delay the decision-making process and take away valuable focus hours of developers. Although there is usually one person with their laptop to guide the meeting and has access to the source code management tools, this can take a lot of time as they are not familiar with all the developers’ independent works. Therefore, a new tool needs to be introduced to help accelerate individual and team meetings’ productivity. In this paper, we continued the work on Robin, a voice-assistant built to answer questions regarding GitHub issues and source code management. Robin has the ability to answer questions in addition to completing actions on the behalf of the developer. This thesis presents Robin's abilities, architecture, and implementation while also examining its usability through a user study. Our study suggests that some people love the idea of having a conversational agent for software development. However, a lot more research and iterations must be done to fully make Robin give the user experience we imagined. In this thesis, we were able to set the foundation of this idea and the lessons that we learned.

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Höijer, David, and Hannes Jansson. "Voice-controlled order system." Thesis, Högskolan i Halmstad, Akademin för informationsteknologi, 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hh:diva-45033.

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To order pick-up food by using your computer or phone is nothing new. Food delivery companies such as FoodHero and Uber Eats along with many other around the world base their entire company idea around the food order and delivery process. For a company to stand out in such a vast market can sometimes be quite tricky. Sometimes your company needs a niche to stand out in the crowd. This project aims to create such a niche in an order system prototype based on voice-controlled systems and conversation. This prototype allows users to place food orders through only the use of natural speech and a voice assistant. The prototype utilizes products and services from both Amazon and Google to create the order system structure. The ordering system also takes advantage of the serverless architecture that both Amazon and Google provide. The end result of this project is a simple, convenient, and user-friendly prototype

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Minoiu, Enache Nicoleta. "Assistance préventive à la sortie de voie." Phd thesis, Université d'Evry-Val d'Essonne, 2008. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00364073.

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L'objectif principal de cette thèse est le développement et l'implantation d'une assistance active pour l'évitement des sorties involontaires de la voie de circulation. Les caractéristiques de cette assistance se déclinent ainsi : - intervention dans les moments d'inactivité du conducteur alors que la sortie de voie devient imminente et rétablissement de la situation de maintien de voie, - action partagée avec le conducteur sur la direction du véhicule, - fonctionnement sur des routes à faible et à forte courbure, - efficacité quelle que soit la qualité de la route, à forte ou à faible adhérence.

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Tarabelli, Jari. "ViVi: Progettazione e realizzazione di un voice powered retail assistant nella realtà virtuale." Bachelor's thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2019. http://amslaurea.unibo.it/19635/.

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La realtà virtuale, negli ultimi anni, ha riscosso un crescente successo dovuto alla diminuzione dei costi, e all'aumentare della disponibilità di applicazioni in qualsiasi campo, dall'intrattenimento all'istruzione. In particolare nell'ambito in oggetto, le applicazioni di shopping immersive sono ancora nello stato sperimentale, e i grandi nomi del settore si stanno preparando all'ingresso della VR nel mercato mainstream. Un'altra tecnologia che ha raggiunto una discreta utenza e che ha guadagnato una fetta molto ampia di mercato, è lo Smart Assistant. L'impiego di un assistente virtuale, con cui si interagisce attraverso la voce, che riconosce l'utente, esegue comandi e raccoglie informazioni sulla base delle preferenze dell'utente, è entrato nel quotidiano: molte realtà hanno infatti deciso di integrarlo tra i loro servizi. Lo scopo di questa tesi è di cercare di migliorare diversi aspetti dell'esperienza utente, applicando un approccio che mira ad unire le due tecnologie. Si vedrà come, sfruttando le potenzialità date dall'esperienza d'uso dell'assistente (quali semplicità d'uso e gestione/reperimento delle informazioni), e quelle visive della VR (espressività visiva, immersione ed engagement), sia possibile lasciare più libertà creativa in molti aspetti del retailing ed al contempo alleggerire il contesto visivo, delegando funzioni che normalmente sarebbero a carico dell'interfaccia, direttamente all'assistant. L'utente verrà agevolato nell'esperienza, come già abituato nei negozi fisici, dove il personale è formato per essere l'addetto a chiarimenti, assistenza e sopratutto suggerimenti. Nello svolgimento dello studio verranno presentati ideazione, sviluppo, test con partecipanti, e relativa valutazione dell'approccio proposto.

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Damacharla, Praveen Lakshmi Venkata Naga. "Simulation Studies and Benchmarking of Synthetic Voice Assistant Based Human-Machine Teams (HMT)." University of Toledo / OhioLINK, 2018. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=toledo1535119916261581.

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Губарев, А. В., and A. V. Gubarev. "Эффективное управление контентом на основе многоагентных интеллектуальных систем : магистерская диссертация." Master's thesis, б. и, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/10995/95072.

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В работе производиться анализ многоагентных интеллектуальных систем, их различия, способы и направления применения. Описываются программы и методы создания аудио управляемого синтеза лица. Также обсуждаются различные цифровые голосовые помощники, виртуальные агенты. Рассматривается гипотеза и перспективы создания визуального виртуального цифрового помощника для средств массовой информации.
The paper analyzes multi-agent intelligent systems, their differences, ways and directions of application. Programs and methods for creating audio-controlled face synthesis are described. Various digital voice assistants and virtual agents are also discussed. The hypothesis and prospects of creating a visual virtual digital assistant for mass media are considered.

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Wallén, Fredrik. "Comparing voice and touch interaction for smartphone radio and podcast application." Thesis, KTH, Medieteknik och interaktionsdesign, MID, 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-210693.

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Today voice recognition is becoming mainstream and nowadays it is also possible to include in individual smartphone apps. However, it has not previously been investigated for which tasks it is preferable from a usability perspective to use voice recognition rather than touch. In order to investigate this, a voice user interface was created for a smartphone radio application, which already had a touch interface. The voice user interface was also tested with users in order to improve its usability. After that, a test was conducted where the participants were asked to perform the same tasks using both the touch and voice interface. The time they took to complete the tasks was measured and the participants rated the experience of completing the task on a scale. Finally, they were asked which interaction method they preferred. For most of the tasks tested, the voice interaction was both faster and got a higher rating. However, it should be noted that in a case where users don’t have specific tasks to perform it might be harder for them to know what a voice controlled app can and cannot do than when they are using touch. Many users also expressed that they were reluctant to use voice commands in public spaces out of fear of appearing strange. These results can be applied to other radio/podcast apps and, to a lesser extent, app for watching TV series and playing music.
Röststyrningen blir vanligare och numera är den också möjligt att använda i individuella appar för smartphones. Det har dock inte tidigare undersökts för vilka uppgifter det ur ett användbarhetsperspektiv är att föredra framför pekskärmsinteraktion. För att undersöka det skapades ett röstinterface för en radiooch podcast applikation som redan hade ett pekskärmsinterface. Röstinterfacet testades också med användare för att förbättra dess användbarhet. Efter det gjordes ett test där deltagarna blev ombedda att utföra samma uppgift med både pekskärm- och röstinterface. Den tid de tog på sig uppmättes och deltagarna betygsatte upplevelsen av att utföra uppgiften på en skala. Slutligen blev de tillfrågade omvilken interaktionsmetod de föredrog. För de flesta av de testade uppgifterna var röstinteraktion snabbare och fick högre betyg. Det ska dock noteras att i fall då användaren inte har specifika uppgifter att utföra kan det vara svårare för dem att veta vad en röststyrd app kan och inte kan göra än när de använder pekskärm. Många användare uttryckte också att de var motvilliga till att använda röstkommandon i allmänna utrymmen av rädsla föratt verka underliga. Dessa resultat kan tillämpas på radio/podcast appar och, i mindre utsträckning, appar för att titta på TV-serier och spela musik.

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Kartalidis, Nikolaos. "Speech recognition in construction equipment : Creating a voice assistant for an autonomous wheel loader." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Institutionen för informatik och media, 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-356208.

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This thesis sets out to explore possible applications of speech recognition in construction equipment and autonomous machines. Advancements in autonomous vehicle technology mean that soon, vehicles like wheel loaders will be able perform tasks without human operators. Those vehicles still require a method of interaction with humans and recent improvements in speech recognition mean that it is possible for a natural voice-based interface to be used. The research question of this thesis is the extent to which voice control can replace hand-operated controls in an intelligent autonomous machine. Interviews and observation sessions took place in order to identify the requirements such a speech interface would have to fulfill. Next, a design process took place in order to build a prototype of such system, followed by test sessions to evaluate it. The prototype demonstrated positive attributes, with great learnability and ease of operation, but speech recognition errors meant low performance, and overall user satisfaction.
Detta examensarbete ämnar utforska möjliga tillämpningar av taligenkänning i byggutrustning samt självstyrande fordon. Framsteg i självstyrande fordonsteknologi visar att fordon som hjullastare kommer kunna utföra uppgifter själv, utan operatörer, inom kort framtid. I nuläget krävs ännu människor för att interagera med maskinen. Men nya framsteg i röststyrning visar att röstbaserade gränssnitt kan tillämpas. Forskningsfrågan i detta arbete är: Till vilken utsträckning kan röststyrning ersätta handmanövrerade instrument i ett intelligent självstyrt fordon? En etnografisk forskning ägde rum för att identifiera de krav som ett sådant gränssnitt skulle behöva uppfylla. En designprocess ägde rum för att utveckla en prototyp för ett sådant system. Prototypen utvärderades genom tester och påvisade positiva egenskaper. Den visade sig vara både lätt att lära samt enkel vid användning. Teknologin i taligenkänning påvisade dock brister genom dålig prestanda samt låg användarnöjdhet.

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Arifin, Anisa Aini. "Always Listening? : An Exploratory Study of the Perceptions of Voice Assistant Technology in Indonesia." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Institutionen för samhällsbyggnad och industriell teknik, 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-414173.

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Voice assistant technology on smartphones, smart speakers, or those on the wearable devices is one of the fastest-growing artificial intelligence applications in the market now. However, with the potential ethical issues related to the voice technology, it still has not been extensively covered in major markets such as Indonesia. Therefore, this study aims to explore Indonesians’ perception of voice assistant technology, mainly focusing on whether ethical concerns might play a role in their adoption and use of the technology. Firstly, the picture of the discussion about voice assistants and the possibilities of ethical issues is surrounding the technology in the Indonesian landscape by media is presented using Critical Discourse Analysis (CDA). The findings indicate that educational and informative material has a wider resonance compared to ethical concerns and the downsides received from the technology. Secondly, the study also explored the motivations to adopt and use the technology, focusing on whether ethical concerns might play a role in their perception of the technology, attitude, and experience toward voice assistants through semi-structured interviews. The data, then, was analyzed using the Technology Acceptance Model (TAM). It shows that the users who perceive the voice assistant useful or easy to use still use it to a varying extent. It indicates that TAM variables are not fully explaining the adoption of technology. Adding an ethical framework, we can see that most of the users do not have enough knowledge of the technology they use. It resonates with the portrayal of the subject in media. However, those who are unaware of or neglect the situation to adopt and use the technology still use voice technology influenced by peer pressure, their respect for authority, and other rationalization behavior. Meanwhile, mediation theory explores the influence of the human- technology relationship on the ethical behavior of the users. It also explains that the relation between technology and users is an alterity relationship.

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Crumpton, Jessica. "Unheard voices : children and parents' experiences of respiratory assistance." Thesis, Bangor University, 2017. https://research.bangor.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/unheard-voices-children-and-parents-experiences-of-respiratory-assistance(a29225e0-a2bd-434d-9f7c-ae9d3c56a8d2).html.

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This thesis explored children and parents’ experiences of respiratory assistance. A systematic literature review synthesised qualitative studies exploring children and adolescents’ experiences and perceptions of living with respiratory assistance. Most children recognised the important function of respiratory assistance on their physical health. They spoke of positive social experiences and some challenges they had experienced. Children discussed their experiences of healthcare providers and offered suggestions, based on their experiences, for future service provision. The review concludes that children’s perspectives provide a valuable contribution to the growing evidence base, however more in-depth explorations are needed. A second paper presents findings from an empirical study, qualitatively exploring parents’ experiences of caring for a child with a tracheostomy. This study was guided by the principles of interpretative phenomenological analysis (IPA), with semi-structured interviews conducted with seven participants. Three super-ordinate themes emerged from the data; all interlinked and signify the complex and emotional trajectory of caring for a child with a tracheostomy. The findings raised questions as to whether parents’ emotional needs are being met and suggest parents could benefit from additional support from healthcare providers. Implications for clinical practice and recommendations for future research, particularly, longitudinal studies exploring parents’ adjustment to tracheostomy care are discussed. The third paper discusses implications for clinical practice that arose from the literature review and empirical paper and emphasises how the thesis explored an understudied area. This thesis concludes with personal reflections on conducting this valuable research.

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Metcalfe, Christina. "Chatbot or voice assistant in a help desk application? : A study of users’ experiences and preferences." Thesis, Umeå universitet, Institutionen för tillämpad fysik och elektronik, 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-185335.

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Companies across a wide range of business areas are working hard to fulfill users wishes to speak to digital voice assistants. The trend of replacing chatbots in favour for voice assistants carries a risk of companies not considering which applications will actually benefit from getting a voice user interface (VUI) resulting in poor user experience. This thesis aims to investigate which help desk support task will benefit from being implemented in a VUI. By following the Service Design methodology, research on the topic has been conducted and a prototype has been build and tested on a target audience. The results from a user study were evaluated and conclusions have been drawn about which tasks are best suited for being handled by a digital voice assistant. Two kinds of help desk tasks were evaluated in a user study to compared users experience of the current text based digital assistant with a prototype of a voice based assistant. The aim of the user study was to find which task would benefit from becoming voice based by looking at users acceptance level and over all experience. The results from the user study showed that employees who use the current text based assistant for help desk tasks, will not choose to speak to a digital voice assistant because they are happy with the service available today. However, employees who don’t use the current text based assistant, will find the digital voice assistant useful. It was also found that short executing tasks such as unlocking accounts, are a better fit for the VUI compared to longer interactions providing information. Two conclusions were drawn, peoples’ preferences are different, meaning that it should be possible to interact with both a text based and voice based assistant when performing help desk tasks. Secondly, the voice based assistant should be implemented as a function in the help desk phone queue instead of being implemented in a browser. Because the users argued that they would be more comfortable speaking to a phone then to a screen.
Företag i alla branscher jobbar hårt för att uppfylla sina användaresönskan om att interagera med röstassistenter. Trenden att byta en chattbot mot en röstassistent medför en risk att företag inte tar hänsyn till huruvida en tjänst faktiskt drar nytta av att göras om till ett röstbaserat användargränssnitt, vilket kan resultera i en försämrad användarupplevelse. Denna uppsats undersöker vilka funktioner i en kundtjänst som skulle gagnas av att implementeras i ett röstbaserat användargr ̈anssnitt. Genom att använda Service Design modellens forsknings- och idé-genererings fas har en röstbaserad prototyp tagits fram och testats på målgruppen. Resultaten från användarstudien har utvärderats och slutsatser har formulerats. Två typer av kundtjänstfunktioner har undersökts i en användarstudie som jämfört användarnas upplevelse av den befintliga chatbotten och en röstassistentsprototyp. Målet med användarstudien var att definiera vilka kundtjänstfunktioner som skulle gynnas av att bli röstbaserade genom att titta på användarnas acceptansnivå och övergripande upplevelse. Resultaten visar att, användare som idag använder, och är nöjda med, chatbotten förmodligen inte kommer att ersätta denna med röstassistenten. Samtidigt som användaren som idag inte använder chatbotten kan tänka sig att använda röstassistenten istället för att ringa till kundtjänsten. En annan upptäckt från användarstudien var att funktioner som utför en uppgift, så som att låsa upp ett konto, passar bättre i ett röstbaserat sammanhang i jämförelse med när längre information ska förmedlas. Slutligen formulerades två slutsatser. För det första, olika personer har olika preferenser, det borde alltså vara möjligt att interagera med både chatbotten och röstassistenten för kundtjänstärenden. För det andra, röstassistenten borde implementeras som en plugin som användaren kan utnyttja när denne sitter i telefonkön till kundtjänsten snarare än en egen funktion i på den befintliga hemsida. Detta på grund av att användarna uttryckte att det är mer bekväma med att prata i telefon snarare än till en skärm.

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Kocher, Philippe. "Assistance ventilatoire au long cours par voie endotrachéale dans le cadre de l'association AIR mulhousienne." Université Louis Pasteur (Strasbourg) (1971-2008), 1985. http://www.theses.fr/1985STR1M250.

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Hu, Hang. "Characterizing and Detecting Online Deception via Data-Driven Methods." Diss., Virginia Tech, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/98575.

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In recent years, online deception has become a major threat to information security. Online deception that caused significant consequences is usually spear phishing. Spear-phishing emails come in a very small volume, target a small number of audiences, sometimes impersonate a trusted entity and use very specific content to redirect targets to a phishing website, where the attacker tricks targets sharing their credentials. In this thesis, we aim at measuring the entire process. Starting from phishing emails, we examine anti-spoofing protocols, analyze email services' policies and warnings towards spoofing emails, and measure the email tracking ecosystem. With phishing websites, we implement a powerful tool to detect domain name impersonation and detect phishing pages using dynamic and static analysis. We also analyze credential sharing on phishing websites, and measure what happens after victims share their credentials. Finally, we discuss potential phishing and privacy concerns on new platforms such as Alexa and Google Assistant. In the first part of this thesis (Chapter 3), we focus on measuring how email providers detect and handle forged emails. We also try to understand how forged emails can reach user inboxes by deliberately composing emails. Finally, we check how email providers warn users about forged emails. In the second part (Chapter 4), we measure the adoption of anti-spoofing protocols and seek to understand the reasons behind the low adoption rates. In the third part of this thesis (Chapter 5), we observe that a lot of phishing emails use email tracking techniques to track targets. We collect a large dataset of email messages using disposable email services and measure the landscape of email tracking. In the fourth part of this thesis (Chapter 6), we move on to phishing websites. We implement a powerful tool to detect squatting domains and train a machine learning model to classify phishing websites. In the fifth part (Chapter 7), we focus on the credential leaks. More specifically, we measure what happens after the targets' credentials are leaked. We monitor and measure the potential post-phishing exploiting activities. Finally, with new voice platforms such as Alexa becoming more and more popular, we wonder if new phishing and privacy concerns emerge with new platforms. In this part (Chapter 8), we systematically assess the attack surfaces by measuring sensitive applications on voice assistant systems. My thesis measures important parts of the complete process of online deception. With deeper understandings of phishing attacks, more complete and effective defense mechanisms can be developed to mitigate attacks in various dimensions.
Doctor of Philosophy
In recent years, online deception becomes a major threat to information security. The most common form of online deception starts with a phishing email, then redirects targets to a phishing website where the attacker tricks targets sharing their credentials. General phishing emails are relatively easy to recognize from both the target's and the defender's perspective. They are usually from strange addresses, the content is usually very general and they come in a large volume. However, Online deception that caused significant consequences is usually spear phishing. Spear-phishing emails come in a very small volume, target a small number of audiences, sometimes impersonate a trusted entity and use very specific content to redirect targets to a phishing website, where the attacker tricks targets sharing their credentials. Sometimes, attackers use domain impersonation techniques to make the phishing website even more convincing. In this thesis, we measure the entire process. Starting from phishing emails, we examine anti-spoofing protocols, analyze email services' policies and warnings towards spoofing emails, and measure the email tracking ecosystem. With phishing websites, we implement a tool to detect domain name impersonation and detect phishing pages using dynamic and static analysis. We also studied credential sharing on phishing websites. We measure what happens after targets share their credentials. Finally, we analyze potential phishing and privacy concerns on new platforms such as Alexa and Google Assistant.

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Rohilla, Himanshu. "Speculating Future Government: Designerly approach for a preferred future." Thesis, Malmö universitet, Fakulteten för kultur och samhälle (KS), 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:mau:diva-23669.

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Contemporary society is rapidly changing. The emergence of social inequalities and the use of new technologies to access communicates produce and exchange information among others deeply affects citizens and the complex interactions among citizens businesses and governments. This thesis explores how might technology in the future enable better communication with governments and higher participation of citizens in decision ma ing processes? It showcases a designerly way to approach this question while designing for interactions with an explicit intention of placing value in citizen participation in decision making processes with an aim towards plurality. The design outcomes showcase the possibility of employing technology to achieve greater levels of democratic citizen participation but that which would require major restructuring of government organisations and new ways of working with data.

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Andersson, Johan, and Evan Saboo. "Röststyrda applikationer och tillhörande arkitektur, design och utveckling." Thesis, KTH, Skolan för elektroteknik och datavetenskap (EECS), 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-252806.

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Röststyrning och rösttolkning är ett gränssnitt mellan användare och dator som blivit vanligare i kommersiella produkter. Gränssnittet används i digitala assistenter, det vill säga en mjukvarubaserad tjänst utformad för att hjälpa användare att utföra digitala uppgifter. Dessa uppgifter inkluderar att svara på frågor, hantera scheman, hemkontroll, spela musik och mycket mer. Eftersom digitala assistenter är relativt nya så finns det ett behov av mer kunskap om hur man kan skapa applikationer för plattformen.Rapporten ger kunskap om hur utvecklingsprocessen ser ut för en röststyrd ap- plikation till Google Assistant. Detta görs med en fallstudie som ger en inblick i de olika design- och arkitekturval som ingår i mjukvaruutvecklingen. Resultatet beskriver lämpliga konversationsmönster för röstgränssnitt i röststyrda applikationer och ett lämpligt arkitekturmönster för kodbasen. Med hjälp av studien drogs slutsatser om vilka begränsningar som finns hos röststyrda applikationer.
Voice control and voice interpretation is an interface between users and computers that have become more common in commercial products. The interface is used in digital assistants, which is a software-based service designed to help users perform digital tasks. These tasks include answering questions, managing their schedules, home control, playing music and more. Because digital assistants are relatively new, there is a need for more knowledge about how to create applications for the platform.The report provides information on how the development process looks like for a voice-controlled application for Google Assistant. This is done by a case study that provides insight into the various design and architecture choices that are included in the software development. The result describes a suitable conversation pattern for voice interfaces in voice-controlled applications and an appropriate architecture for the codebase. The study draws conclusions about the limitations of voice-controlled applications.

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Ntumba, Luaba Lumu Charpentier Jean. "La Communauté économique européenne et les intégrations régionales des pays en voie de développement /." Bruxelles : E. Bruylant, 1990. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb37664823f.

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Ющенко, М. А. "Інформаційно-комп`ютерна система «голосовий асистент» для орієнтації на торгівельно-сервісному підприємстві." Thesis, Чернігів, 2020. http://ir.stu.cn.ua/123456789/23412.

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Ющенко, М. А. Інформаційно-комп`ютерна система «голосовий асистент» для орієнтації на торгівельно-сервісному підприємстві : випускна кваліфікаційна робота : 123 "Комп’ютерна інженерія" / М. А. Ющенко ; керівник роботи В. А. Бичко ; НУ "Чернігівська політехніка", кафедра інформаційних і комп’ютерних систем. – Чернігів, 2020. – 87 с.
Об’єктом кваліфікаційної роботи магістра є розроблення інформаційно-комп’ютерної системи «голосовий асистент» для орієнтації на торгівельно-сервісному підприємстві з можливостями доповненої відповіді зображеннями і подальшому її озвученню для інформування клієнта. Система реалізована в середовищі Visual Studio Code на мові Python. Мета даної роботи полягає у створенні інформаційно-комп’ютерної системи «голосовий асистент», яка інтегрувала би в себе засоби, за допомогою яких можна задовольнити зацікавленість клієнта в товарах та послугах підприємства, ознайомитись з направленнями підприємства, його історії, передових працівниках та здобутих досягнень. Система була розроблена для взаємодії з голосовими запитами клієнта, що дозволяє відображати довідкову інформацію про підприємство. Розроблений програмний засіб дозволяє: − переглядати довідкову інформацію відповідно до списку команд; − налагодити відображення ланцюгу команда-відповідь з подальшим збереженням в файли; − розпізнавати голосову команду в онлайн режимі з подальшим озвученням результату запиту; − керувати розпізнаванням голосового потоку; − переглядати список команд та введений голосовий фрагмент користувача . Подальший розвиток розробки можливий у бік додавання до неї нових методів для роботи з довідковою інформацією, збільшення її обсягу мультимедійними даними, стилізацією програми, відображенням веб-джерел.
The object of the master's qualification work is the development of information and computer system "voice assistant" for orientation at the trade and service enterprise with the possibility of supplemented with images and its subsequent sounding to inform the client. The system is implemented in the Visual Studio Code environment in Python The purpose of this work is to create an information and computer system "voice assistant", which would integrate the means by which to satisfy the client's interest in goods and services of the enterprise, to get acquainted with the directions of the enterprise, his history, advanced employees and achievements. A system has been developed to interact with the client's voice requests, which allows you to display background information about the company. The developed software allows you to: – view help information according to the list of commands; – set up the display of the command-response chain with subsequent saving to files; – recognize the voice command online with the subsequent announcement of the result of the request; – control voice recognition; – view the list of commands and the entered user voice clip. Further development of the development is possible in the direction of adding new methods for working with reference information, increasing its volume with multimedia data, stylization of the program, display of web sources.

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Plata-Stenger, Véronique. "Une voie sociale pour le développement : le Bureau international du travail et les débuts de la coopération technique (1919-1949)." Thesis, Paris 10, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016PA100049.

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Fondée essentiellement sur l’exploitation des archives de l’Organisation internationale du travail (OIT), cette thèse analyse l’émergence de discours et de pratiques du développement au niveau international entre 1919 et 1949. Elle questionne plusieurs points importants de l’historiographie sur le développement, notamment son cadre chronologique et ses origines idéologiques. Elle se focalise sur les formes concrètes que prend cette coopération technique internationale naissante. Elle étudie en particulier les missions d’assistance technique organisées par le Bureau international du travail jusqu’à la mise en place du Programme élargi d’assistance technique de l’ONU en 1949, qui constitue le premier programme multilatéral de développement de l’après-Seconde Guerre mondiale. Cette thèse accorde donc une attention particulière aux situations d’expertise, aux experts et fonctionnaires internationaux impliqués dans la diffusion de savoirs techniques. Elle invite à renouveler la problématique du développement international dans une perspective sociale
Based mainly on the exploitation of the ILO archives, this thesis analyzes the emergence of development discourses and practices at the international level between 1919 and 1949. This offers the opportunity to challenge several important presumptions of development historians with regard to the chronology of development and its ideological origins. This thesis focuses on the practical aspects of this emerging international technical cooperation. It analyzes in particular the technical assistance missions organized by the International Labour Office until the implementation of the United Nations’ Expanded Programme of Technical Assistance created in 1949, which was the first multilateral program of international development after World War II. This thesis pays special attention to the situations where ILO expertise played a role and to the international experts and ILO officials involved in the dissemination of technical knowledge. This thesis opens some new perspectives on the problem of international development from a social point of view

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Kröger, Felix Jan, and Filip Johansson. "Conversational Commerce : A Quantitative Study on Preferences towards AI-Fueled C-Commerce Platforms among Digital Natives in Sweden and Germany." Thesis, Högskolan i Jönköping, Internationella Handelshögskolan, 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hj:diva-43819.

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Background: E-commerce is widespread in today’s shopping routines and conversational commerce (CC) as an expansion, aims at integrating customers and businesses on a whole new level. Through the application of chatbots fueled by artificial intelligence, a more personal and individual way of remote shopping is offered. Purpose: Our research question What potential attributes of AI-fueled CC applications and their possible inherent characteristics are determining the willingness to use them and to what extent, in the context of digital natives living in Sweden and Germany? aims at identifying the demanded attributes of conversational commerce from a consumer perspective. Method: We facilitate a quantitative questionnaire with 118 valid answers to administer a traditional full-profile conjoint analysis. Conclusion: Our results indicate that German digital natives deem a CC application’s behavior as the most important attribute, followed by payment method, personality and communication form (voice or text). The Swedish digital natives however, attach the most importance to the payment method, followed by behavior, communication form and personality. Both have in common that they prefer a rather passive behavior over being actively approached, a personality that is balanced between humor and seriousness and text-based communication over voice. A difference is the Swedish preference for direct in-app payment while German digital natives would select a redirection to a secondary payment provider (e.g. PayPal).

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Khoury, Jawad. "Optimisation de dimensionnement et de fonctionnement d’un système photovoltaïque assistant un réseau électrique intermittent pour une application résidentielle." Thesis, Cergy-Pontoise, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016CERG0763/document.

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Le travail effectué dans cette thèse propose et évalue une solution au problème de coupure fréquente du courant électrique fourni par le réseau publique défaillant dans plusieurs pays en voie de développement. La solution consiste à installer un système de panneaux Photovoltaïques (PV) avec des batteries de stockage opérant conjointement avec le réseau. L’étude traite particu- lièrement le cas Libanais et considère une application résidentielle à consommation d’énergie élevée. La topologie du système proposé introduit des contraintes supplémentaires au fonction- nement de l’ensemble par rapport aux deux configurations classiques traitées dans la littérature, à savoir accrochage au réseau ou système autonome. L’étude vise principalement à maintenir une alimentation permanente en électricité du foyer ainsi qu’à réduire les frais du système installé tout en respectant les niveaux de confort exigés par les résidents. L’étude traite l’optimisation du système PV-Batteries, en partant du dimensionnement jusqu’au fonctionnement. Tout d’abord, sa configuration est optimisée en se basant sur une étude économique détaillée pour l’estimation des frais considérant une durée de vie de 20 ans. Le dimensionnement est formulé comme un problème d’optimisation visant la réduction du coût global du système. L’optimisation du fonctionnement du système PV-batterie vient en second lieu. Un algorithme de contrôle de charges est élaboré. Cet algorithme sert à éviter la coupure du courant électrique tout en mainte- nant des niveaux élevés de confort des habitants d’une part et en respectant les contraintes de fonctionnement du système d’autre part. La gestion des charges s’effectue à plusieurs niveaux, afin de gérer les charges prévisibles et imprévisibles. La commande développée assure la coordi- nation complète entre tous les composants de l’installation : réseau, panneaux PV, batteries de stockage et charges électriques. L’étude prouve que le contrôle des charges conçu ne se limite pas à l’optimisation du fonctionnement du système, mais contribue de même à la réduction de son coût global. Le logiciel établi est optimisé de sorte à assurer une faible consommation de mémoire et une prise de décision rapide afin de réaliser l’implémentation des codes sur des processeurs de type ARM Cortex-A9. Les résultats de simulation et d’implémentation montrent que le programme développé est générique, flexible, précis, rapide et fiable.Les résultats présentés dans cette thèse attestent que le système PV-batterie proposé est bien approprié pour remplacer le réseau public pendant les périodes de coupure du courant électrique dans une application résidentielle. De plus, ce système présente une bonne fiabilité surtout lorsqu’il est couplé avec le programme de contrôle des charges développé
This thesis addresses the issue of intermittent primary energy source in several developing countries and considers, in particular, the case study of Lebanon. A PV-battery backup system is proposed and assessed as a replacement of the grid energy during daily power outage periods for a high energy consuming residential house. The proposed system topology introduces more critical conditions and additional constraints on the operation of the system compared to standard on-grid or standalone PV systems. The main concern is to provide permanent electricity supply to the house, reduce the resulting fees, and ensure high performance and reliability of the backup system while respecting the residents’ comfort levels. This thesis aims at thoroughly assessing the suitability of the proposed backup system by focusing on various aspects of the system. First, its configuration is optimized through the development of a detailed economic study estimating the resulting fees over its 20-year lifetime. The sizing process is formulated as an optimization problem having the sole objective of minimizing the overall cost of the system. Furthermore, a detailed comparative study of various water heating techniques is conducted to the end of determining the most suitable configuration to be coupled with the proposed backup solution. Second, the thesis targets the operation optimization of the PV-battery system by implementing a Demand Side Management (DSM) program aiming at preventing the occurrence of loss of power supply to the house while maintaining high comfort levels to the inhabitants and respecting the operation constraints of the system. The control is divided into several layers in order to manage predictable and unpredictable home appliances. The strength of the developed control lies in ensuring the complete coordination between all the components of the installation: the grid, PV panels, battery storage, and the load demand. The benefits of the DSM are proven to go beyond the operation optimization of the system since they highly affect the sizing of the backup, and by extension, the overall resulting cost. The established program is optimized for the hardware implementation process by ensuring a low memory consumption and fast decision making. The developed C codes of the full DSM program are implemented on ARM Cortex-A9 processors. The simulation and implementation results show that the developed management program is highly generic, flexible, accurate, fast, and reliable.The results presented in this thesis validate that the proposed PV-Battery backup system is highly suitable to assist unreliable grids. It outperforms currently installed Diesel Generators and demonstrates a remarkable reliability especially when coupled with the developed DSM program

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Bhukuth, Augendra. "L' analyse économique du travail des enfants." Versailles-St Quentin en Yvelines, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006VERS021S.

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Depuis un peu plus d’une décennie, les économistes se sont intéressés à la problématique du travail des enfants car le phénomène est multidimensionnel. Le débat tourne autour de la relation pauvreté-travail des enfants et de l’arbitrage éducation-travail des enfants. Paradoxalement, il existe très peu d’études concernant l’exploitation du travail des enfants alors que le Bureau International du Travail (BIT) s’est fixé comme objectif prioritaire la lutte contre les pires formes du travail des enfants. Nous comblons cette lacune en proposant une étude de l’exploitation du travail des enfants. Pour cela, nous nous référons au concept du capital social. Nous distinguons deux formes d’exploitation des enfants : l’exploitation faible et forte. Ces différentes formes d’exploitation dépendent du capital social des parents et de leur revenu. L’exploitation faible a lieu à l’intérieur de l’entreprise familiale alors que l’exploitation forte se manifeste au niveau du marché
Since more than one decade, economists are interested in the problematic of child labour because the phenomenon is multidimensional. The debate is more often on the relationship between poverty and child labour and the trade-off education and child labour. Therefore, there exists a little literature on the issue of children’s exploitation whereas the main objective of the International Labour Office (ILO) is to fight against the worst forms of child labour. We fulfil this lacuna by proposing a study of children’s exploitation in term of social capital. We distinguish two forms of exploitation: light form of exploitation and severe form of exploitation. These different forms of exploitation depend on parents’ social capital and on their income. The light form of exploitation is localised inside the household enterprises whereas severe form of exploitation takes form in the market

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Lopez-Avila, Diana. "Three Essays on Children Well Being, Women Empowerment and Social Programs." Paris, EHESS, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016EHES0046.

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Dans les pays en développement, plusieurs programmes sociaux sont mis en œuvre avec l'objectif d'améliorer le bien-être des femmes et des enfants. En dépit des évidences existantes sur l'impact de ces programmes, un certain nombre de questions restent discutés. D'une part, les programmes de transferts conditionnés se montrent efficaces pour l'amélioration de la scolarité, alors que leur effet sur la réduction du travail des enfants reste mitigé. Les résultats de cette thèse montrent que le prix relatif du travail des mères et enfants constitue un facteur crucial pour que le programme produise un effet significatif. Le temps de travail des enfants tend à fortement diminuer lorsque le prix du temps de travail des mères est plus bas que celui des enfants. D'autre part, l'évaluation des programmes sociaux orientés vers l'enfance s'est largement concentrée sur la nutrition et les compétences cognitives et no-cognitives. Les possibles effets sur le comportement des parents vis-à-vis de leurs enfants sont souvent omis. Les résultats du présent travail montrent que les parents dont les enfants sont largement exposés â ce type d'interventions, utilisent moins la violence physique comme un moyen pour discipliner leurs enfants. Par ailleurs, bien que le concept de l'autonomisation des femmes joue un rôle important en tant qu'un résultat, mais aussi un mécanisme pour comprendre l'impact des programmes sociaux, peu d'information est disponible sur la manière comment le mesurer. Il ressort de cette thèse que la dimension de capital social semble mieux indiquer pour décrire l'autonomisation des femmes
Several social programs have been implemented in developing countries with the aim of improving children's and women's well-being. Despite the existing evidence on the impact of these programs, there are still some knowledge gaps where this thesis aims to fill. First, programs such as Conditional Cash Transfers have been effective at increasing school attendance, but do not necessarily at achieving a large reduction on child labor. This thesis shows that the relative price of mothers and children labor is crucial to observe a reduction in child labor, due to the program. Children's working time is going to largely decrease in cases where mother's labor time is less expensive as compared to children's. Second, the evaluation of programs targeted to early childhood has been largely focused on nutrition, health, cognitive and non-cognitive skills, leaving aside parenting outcomes. Evidence found in this thesis shows that early childhood interventions impact parenting practices, particularly how children are disciplined. Parents of children who are largely exposed to these interventions use less physical violence as a way to discipline their children. Finally, women's empowerment plays a key role as an outcome and as a channel in the evaluation of these interventions. However, we lack information on how to approach and assess women's empowerment. This thesis shows that social capital seems to better capture women's bargaining power, as compared to traditional dimensions, such as participation in household decisions. This later analysis is done to understand the relation between women's empowerment and domestic violence

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Lilljegren, Cecilia, and Ann-Sofie Larsson. "Ett tillförlitligt talgränssnitt : En studie om röstens utformning i en Intelligent Personlig Assistent." Thesis, Södertörns högskola, Institutionen för naturvetenskap, miljö och teknik, 2013. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:sh:diva-21419.

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Modern teknik som intelligenta personliga assistenter (IPA) som finns i smartphones kan förenkla människors vardagliga liv. De kan hjälpa personer med funktionshinder och människor som lever stressfulla liv. Genom tal, kan IPA:er enkelt hjälpa personer som ofta har händerna fulla att hitta vägbeskrivningar, information eller skicka meddelanden över hela världen. För att locka människor till att förlita sig på IPA:er i det dagliga livet räcker det inte att den är intelligent och tilltalande, den måste också vara tillförlitlig. Det finns många faktorer som är involverade i att bygga ett trovärdigt system. Denna uppsats fokuserar på att ta reda på vilka egenskaper som gör en IPA:s röst trovärdig och vilken typ av röster designers bör göra tillgängliga för sina användare. Kvalitativa och kvantitativa forskningsmetoder har använts i studien. Sammanlagt 11 semi-strukturerade intervjuer genomfördes och varje innehöll ett kort användartest. 100 personer deltog i en enkätundersökning med ljudklipp och specifika frågor om egenskaper hos pålitliga IPA röster. 70 av 100 tillfrågade var överens om att röster som medför känslor, speciellt en känsla av trygghet och lugn, gör en IPA-röst trovärdig. Att låta tydlig, behaglig, människoliknande och erfaren, samt att ha en dialekt som användaren kan relatera till anses också vara viktiga röstegenskaper. Kön anses vara den minst viktiga.
Modern technologies such as intelligent personal assistants (IPA) found in smartphones can simplify the daily lives of people. They are not only useful for people with disabilities but also for those who live stressful lives. Through speech, IPAs can easily help a busy full-handed person find directions, information or send messages across the world. To entice people into relying on IPAs in their daily life, it not only has to be intelligent or appealing enough but also trustworthy. There are many principles involved in building a trustworthy system. This paper focuses on finding out what characteristics make an IPA-voice trustworthy and what kind of voices designers should make available for their users. Qualitative and quantitative research methods were used in the study. A total of 11 semi-structured interviews were carried out each in conjunction with a brief user test. 100 people participated in a survey with audio clips and specific questions regarding characteristics of trustworthy IPA-voices. 70 of 100 respondents agreed that voices that bring about emotions, particularly the feeling of security and tranquility, make an IPA-voice trustworthy. To sound clear, pleasant, human-like and experienced, and have a dialect that the user can relate to are also considered important voice qualities. Gender is considered the least important.

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Petiteville, Franck. "La coopération décentralisée pour le développement." Grenoble 2, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995GRE21001.

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Cette these etudie un phenomene nouveau, qui a connu un essor remarquable depuis le debut des annees 1980 : l'action exterieure des collectivites locales francaises (conseils regionaux et generaux, villes, communes) en direction de leurs "homologues" des pays du tiers monde. Ces relations sont constitutives d'une nouvelle forme de cooperation nord-suddite "cooperation decentralisee pour le developpement". La premiere partie de la these restitue l'emergence de la cooperation decentralisee dans le contexte de crise de la cooperation nordsud. La deuxieme partie aborde les trois principaux champs de la cooperation decentralisee : la cooperation entre villes francaises et villes du tiers monde dans le domaine de l'ingenierie urbaine et de la decentralisation, la cooperation economique decentralisee, et enfin la cooperation culturelle et humanitaire dans le cadre des jumelages franco-africains
This thesis deals with a new way of development aid towards the third world, carried out by franch local authorities. In france, this process first appeared in the early 1980s and become increasingly important over the past decade. This phenomenon is now called "decentralised development aid". The first part of the thesis describes the paradoxical rise of this phenomenon in the context of the crisis of development iad. The second part aims at evaluating three different forms of decentralised development aid : urban and administrative aid by french cities to third world cities, "economic decentralised aid" (industry, technology, agriculture), and cultural and humanitarian cooperation between twinned cities of france and africa

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Philip, Jean-Marc. "Vers des systèmes décisionnels pour les administrations des pays en développement." Aix-Marseille 3, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008AIX32046.

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: La thèse se rapporte à l’élaboration des systèmes d'information (SI) pour les administrations des pays en développement (PED). Elle décrit l’évolution des systèmes d’aide à la décision (SID) dans le domaine économique et porte, sur la base de l’expérience professionnelle de l’auteur, un œil critique sur l'assistance apportée par les organisations internationales aux administrations des PED. Elle présente également la difficulté des PED à négocier sur un pied d’égalité avec leurs partenaires, du fait de leur incapacité à maîtriser correctement ces outils. Cette faiblesse est aujourd’hui accentuée par le contexte de la mondialisation de l’économie et de la libération des échanges commerciaux. Les SID ont souvent été développés par l’assistance technique internationale et ils font face aujourd’hui à une problématique précise : leur capacité de restituer une information synthétisée, compréhensible et analysable pour les décideurs et leurs partenaires. Ceci se traduit par un besoin d'intégration des différents SI existants au sein des administrations et la nécessité d’accroitre la diffusion de l’information. Pour relever ce défi, il faudrait s’inspirer de la méthodologie d’élaboration des SID développés pour les entreprises. Les infrastructures dans les PED ne sont pas optimales, mais Internet et la téléphonie mobile pourraient servir de colonne vertébrale au système proposé. Le développement de services Web permettrait alors d’exécuter des modèles de simulation à distance et de restituer de manière dynamique les informations économiques sous une forme répondant aux besoins des décideurs
: The thesis relates to the development of information systems (IS) for the administrations of developing countries (DCs). It describes the evolution of Decision Support Systems (DSS) in the economic field and, based on the author’s experience, analyze the assistance provided by the international organizations. It also presents the difficulty for developing countries policy makers to negotiate at the same level than their partners, because of their inability to properly manage these tools. This weakness is accentuated by the context of economic globalization and trade liberalization. DSS were often developed by international technical assistance and they face now a specific problem: their ability to produce synthesized information, convenient for economic analysis by the policy makers and their partners. This translates into a need for integration of the various IS that lay within the DCs administration and the need to increase the dissemination of information. To meet this challenge, the proposal is to take inspiration from the development of the Business Intelligence developed for private organizations. The infrastructure in developing countries is not optimal, but Internet and mobile phones could serve as a backbone to the proposed system. The development of Web services would then enable to run simulation models from a remote place and to return dynamic economic information in a presentation that meets the needs of decision makers

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Ba, Daouda. "L' effectivité des normes de l' organisation internationale du travail et le travail des enfants dans les pays en développement : le cas du Mali." Paris 2, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004PA020053.

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L'importance du travail des enfants dans les pays en développement et particulièrement au Mali nous a conduit à son étude à partir d'un point de vue " juridique ", notamment dans les catégories du droit du travail et de la sécurité sociale. D'abord, il convient de s'interroger sur l'importance des normes de l'OIT face au travail des enfants, tout en nous penchant sur les problèmes conceptuels liés à la définition et les facteurs déterminants du travail des enfants. On a considéré ainsi nécessaire d'étudier les variables historiques, politiques, culturelles et juridiques qui caractérisent les pays en développement, surtout le Mali (Partie I). En ce qui concerne la deuxième question, l'élimination de l'exploitation du travail des enfants, elle nécessite à la fois une action diversifiée sur plusieurs fronts qui vont des mesures législatives et économiques à l'encadrement du secteur informel en passant par la promotion du travail et la mise en place d'un système de sécurité sociale universelle (Partie II). Enfin, nous avons élaboré l'ébauche d'une politique sociale pour le Mali dont l'épine dorsale passe par la mise en place d'une efficace politique de l'enfance
The importance of child labour in developing countries, especially in Mali, led us to study it from a "legal" point of view, particularly in the field of labour and social security Law. In one hand, one should ask about the importance of International Labour Organisation in view of child labour, looking at the same time into the conceptual problems related to the definition, the causes and consequences of child labour. Thus, one considers necessary to study the historical, political, cultural and legal fluctuations that characterize the developing countries, particularly Mali (Part I). On the other hand, the question concerning the removal of child labour's exploitation requires actions on many fronts as legislative and economic measures, supervision of the informal sector, decent work promotion and establishment of a universal social security system (Part II). Finally, one outlines the social politics of Mali which mainly go through the setting up (establishment) of an efficient child politics

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Rousseau, Sophie. "L'analyse des vulnérabilités par l'approche des capabilités : le cas des villages ruraux de Madagascar." Versailles-St Quentin en Yvelines, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005VERS003S.

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Face aux problèmes actuels de la pauvreté, aussi bien dans les pays en développement que dans les pays développés, une nouvelle obligation prend de plus en plus d'importance : celle de pouvoir déceler à temps les individus ayant une forte probabilité de voir leur situation se dégrader ou plus particulièrement, de tomber dans la pauvreté. Certains ménages sont plus vulnérables que d'autres et tous n'ont pas la même capacité à affronter les difficultés. Nous venons ici d'introduire la notion de vulnérabilité. Au sens général, la vulnérabilité est la probabilité de voir sa situation ou ses conditions de vie se dégrader ou s'enfoncer, quelque soit son niveau de richesse, face aux fluctuations de la vie. Pour analyser la vulnérabilité, il faut identifier non seulement la menace, c'est-à-dire le risque global encouru par chaque ménage ou individu, mais aussi la capacité de réaction, c'est-à-dire l'ensemble des capabilités possédé par l'individu ou le ménage, qui permet de tirer profit des possibilités qui s'offrent de résister aux effets négatifs du changement et de remonter la pente. Cette résistance est l'atout dont dispose les ménage face à l'adversité. Dans ce contexte, l'approche des capabilités de Sen apparaît comme la référence de base. Elle met l'accent sur la manière la plus efficiente de réduire la pauvreté en améliorant les capabilités des individus à long terme. Ainsi, réduire la vulnérabilité par des politiques préventives de lutte contre la pauvreté permet d'accroître la sécurité des individus, cadrant dans un objectif de développement socialement durable. Cette étude s'arrête aux villages ruraux de Madagascar, pays fortement sujet à de nombreux risques climatiques, agricoles, sanitaires, etc. Nous cherchons à identifier les capabilités qui fondent la résilience ou la vulnérabilité des ménages dans le contexte particulier d'un cyclone. Nous déterminerons alors une classification des ménages selon leur vulnérabilité et leur pauvreté avec les caractéristiques qui leur sont propres
Considering the current problems of poverty, both in developing and developed countries, a new obligation has really to be taken into account ; that is to be able to detect people very likely to see their situation getting worse or more particularly becoming poor. Some households are more vulnerable than others and not everyone is capable of coping with difficulties. This is what is called notion of "vulnerability". Generally speaking, vulnerability is the probability of seeing one's situation or one's living conditions getting worse or sinking , whatever the level of wealth to face the life's fluctuations. To analyse vulnerability, not only has the threat to be identified, i. E the global risk each household or person may suffer from, but also the capability of reaction, i. E. All the own capabilities of a person or a household, which will help them to be able to resist the negative effects of the change and improve the situation. This resistance is the asset for the household to face adversity. In this context, Sen's capabilities approach seems to be the basic reference. It highlights the most efficient way to reduce poverty by improving the capabilities of people in the long term. Then, reducing vulnerability by preventive policies of fighting poverty makes the increase of safety of people possible, fitting in with the goal of durable social development. We tried to highlight the capabilities that made the difference between households' resilience and vulnerability when facing the effects of a cyclone. Then we will establish a classification of households according to their vulnerability and poverty taking into account their own characteristics

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46

Vu, Thi Phuong Mai. "Three Essays on FDI and International Trade : Cross-Sectoral and Micro Empirical Analysis for Developing Countries." Thesis, Université Côte d'Azur (ComUE), 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016AZUR0034/document.

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Cette thèse étudie le rôle des IDE dans les PVD. Le chapitre 1 examine l’interaction entre les IDE et les APD. Les résultatsagrégés révèlent que l'effet substituable des APD sur les IDE contrebalance son effet complémentaire. Les résultatsdésagrégés montrent que les APD aux intrants complémentaires complètent les IDE dans le capital physique alors que lesAPD dans le capital physique prennent la place de leur homologue IDE. Par contre, les IDE aux intrants complémentaires se comportent comme leur contrepartie APD. Le chapitre 2 étudie les différences en termes de performance entre les firmes étrangères et domestiques. Les firmes étrangères sont plus productives, moins rentables et s’accroissent plus rapidement que les firmes domestiques. D’autre part, elles survivent mieux que les firmes domestiques. En outre, nous indiquons aussi qu’il existe les prix de transfert et le coût irrécupérable parmi les firmes étrangères au Vietnam. Le chapitre 3 considère le comportement des exportateurs au Vietnam. Nous constatons que la répartition des intensités d'exportation au Vietnam affiche une forme de U comme celle des pays fortement engagés aux CVM. En examinant les primes à l'exportation, nous démontrons que les exportateurs de transformation sont moins productifs et paient des salaires plus bas que les exportateurs ordinaires et même que les non-exportateurs. Cette tendance est plus évidente parmi les firmes étrangères et celles localisant dans les zones non tarifaires. En conclusion, même si l'IDE se présente une source importante d'entrée de capitaux pour les PVD, des analyses plus détaillées sont nécessaires pour mieux comprendre leurs effets sur une économie
This thesis investigates the role of FDI in developing economies. Chapter 1 examines the interaction between FDI andODA. Our aggregated results reveal that the substitutable effect of ODA on FDI overbalances its complementary effect.Disaggregated results show that ODA in complementary inputs complements FDI in physical capital while ODA in physicalcapital substitutes its counterpart FDI. Moreover, FDI in complementary inputs behaves like its counterpart ODA. Chapter2 checks the difference in performance between foreign and domestic firms. We find that foreign firms are more productive,less profitable and grow faster than domestic firms. Moreover, they survive better than Vietnamese ones. Additionally, wealso indicate that there exist the transfer mispricing and the sunk cost among foreign firms in Vietnam. In chapter 3, weinvestigate the firms’ export behavior. We find that the distribution of export intensities in Vietnam displays a U-shapedpattern like the one found for countries strongly engaged in GVCs. By examining the export premia, we indicate thatprocessing exporters are less productive and pay lower wages than non-processing exporters and even than non-exporters.This pattern is more obvious among foreign firms and firms in the non-tariff zone. To conclude, even if FDI represents animportant source of growth for developing countries, more disaggregated analyses are still needed to better understand their effects on an economy

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47

Poirier, Thomas. "Education pour tous : l'aléa des Etats fragiles." Phd thesis, Université de Bourgogne, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00760959.

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Plus du tiers des enfants non scolarisés dans le monde vit actuellement dans des pays considérés comme fragiles. Principalement localisés en Afrique subsaharienne, ces pays, pour la plupart, ne seront pas en mesure de réaliser les objectifs de l'Éducation Pour Tous d'ici 2015. Se situant à la croisée de l'éducation comparée, des sciences politiques et de la sociologie des organisations, cette thèse explore empiriquement les conditions d'achèvement de l'EPT dans les contextes de fragilités.Malgré les ambigüités qui l'entourent, la notion d'État fragile a été adoptée en 2005 en tant que concept opérationnel par la plupart des organismes d'aide. Si les définitions de l'État fragile convergent sur un ensemble de critères spécifiques (institutions dysfonctionnelles, instabilité sociopolitique chronique, accès limité aux services sociaux), la fragilité revêt des dimensions variées et connexes dont la sévérité rend la réalisation de la scolarisation primaire universelle singulièrement aléatoire. Dès lors, l'injonction faite aux États de fournir une édu-cation de base homogène aux populations, notamment aux plus pauvres, peut rencontrer des difficultés d'adaptation dans les contextes particuliers des États fragiles (chapitre 1). Les conflits armés constituent certainement la plus évidente origine de la fragilité des États et des pays. Les effets de ces conflits mettent à mal le développement éducatif et anéantissent toute perspective d'éducation pour une proportion d'enfants difficilement mesurable, parti-culièrement ceux issus de milieux pauvres et isolés. Les périodes d'instabilité signalent égale-ment l'impact des politiques des finances publiques ainsi que l'échec d'un gouvernement à investir dans des domaines sociaux tels que l'éducation, élément contribuant à l'émergence des valeurs d'un système politique à tendances démocratiques (chapitre 2). Dans la mesure où l'investissement éducatif est perçu comme une condition nécessaire, sinon suffisante, de sortie de la pauvreté, l'option d'impulser et d'accélérer le développement éducatif s'impose comme un critère d'opportunité pour la communauté internationale, quitte à exercer des formes d'ingérence. Les conclusions de notre analyse empirique montrent, dans la problématique des États fragiles, l'émergence d'une contradiction actuelle entre le caractère inclusif des objectifs de l'EPT et la nature excluante des paradigmes sur lesquels se fondent l'aide extérieure (efficacité et résultats). Cette situation conduit alors à s'interroger sur une approche de l'aide liée à une analyse morale écartelée entre les conséquences des actions individuelles ou communes et dont les critères et instruments financiers ne sont visiblement pas adaptés aux situations de fragilité (chapitre 3).

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48

Dahlberg, Nylund Ingrid. ""Det kräver bara lite mer tid och det kräver bra personer omkring dig." : Unga vuxna med rörelsehinder berättar om sin skoltid." Thesis, Stockholms universitet, Specialpedagogiska institutionen, 2013. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:su:diva-90968.

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Utifrån Normaliseringsprincipen och demokratiska strömningar under andra hälften av 1900-talet påbörjades på skolområdet en integreringsprocess. Begreppet inkludering introducerades senare för att markera skolans ansvar i frågan. Trots inkluderingsuppdraget har avskiljande lösningar inom skolan åter blivit vanliga. Studier om rörelsehindrade barns skolvardag visar att det förekommer många exkluderande situationer i skolan, ofta omedvetna och i tron att dessa är bäst för eleven. Dessa situationer är en följd av att skolan inte arbetar på organisationsnivå med inkluderingsfrågor. Syftet med denna studie har varit att belysa inkluderingsaspekter i skolan för elever med rörelsehinder. Deltagarna i studien var tre unga personer med rörelsehinder som gått inkluderade i skolan. Studien har en livshistorisk ansats där deltagarna berättade om sina skolminnen, som sedan analyserades utifrån Tangens modell om fyra dimensioner: tid, mening, relationer, samt självbestämmande och kontroll. Deltagarna bedömer att de i den inkluderade skolverksamheten utvecklats, men att de många gånger fått kämpa för sin rätt och ibland fått lösa uppkomna situationer själva. De har alla haft elevassistent. De unga vuxna som deltagit i studien är positiva till inkludering och menar att detta har gett dem bättre möjligheter i deras vuxna liv. Vidare forskning kan vara longitudinella studier om elever med funktionsnedsättningar och fortsatta studier, hur den marknadsanpassade skolan påverkar elever med funktionsnedsättningars möjligheter att gå inkluderade, studier om elevassistentens funktion samt hur inkluderande idrottsundervisningen ska bedrivas för elever med rörelsehinder.
Based on the Normalization Principle and democratic movements in the second half of the 1900s an integration process considering school began. The concept of inclusion was introduced later to mark the school's responsibility in the matter. Despite the inclusion mission separation solutions for school has again become common. Studies on disabled children's school day shows that there are many exclusive situations in school, often unconscious, and in the belief that these are the best for the student. These situations are a result of schools not working at the organizational level with inclusion issues. The purpose of this study was to illuminate the inclusion aspects of the school for students with disabilities. Participants in the study were three young people with disabilities who have included the school. The study has a life-historical approach in which participants talked about their school memories, which were then analyzed based on Tangen´s model in four dimensions: time, meaning, relationships, and self-determination and control. The participants believe that they included in the school system evolved but they often had to fight for their rights and sometimes had to resolve arisen situations themselves. They have all had a student assistant. The young adults who participated in the study are positive towards inclusion and believe that this has given them better opportunities in their adult lives. Further research may be longitudinal studies of students with disabilities and further studies, how the market-school affects students with disabilities and their ability to be included at school, studies on student assistant's function and how inclusive physical education should be conducted for students with disabilities.

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49

Boly, Mohamed. "Essays on foreign aid, political cycles and environmental degradation." Thesis, Université Clermont Auvergne‎ (2017-2020), 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020CLFAD014.

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Les effets observés du changement climatique sur les dernières décennies mettent en exergue le besoin et l’urgence de mobiliser suffisamment de ressources pour le ralentir et en atténuer les effets. Dans le cas des pays en développement, d’aucuns suggèrent que l’aide au développement aurait un rôle non des moindres à jouer dans cette lutte. Cependant, encore faudrait-il que les ambitions politiques des décideurs ne soient pas en compétition avec celles environnementales. Cette thèse examine les liens existants entre l’aide au développement, les cycles politiques et la dégradation de l’environnement, à travers trois chapitres empiriques. Le chapitre 2 étudie le lien entre l’aide et l’atténuation des émissions de CO2 dans 112 pays en développement. Il montre que l’effet de l’aide dépend du type de donneur, l’aide multilatérale étant plus susceptible de réduire la pollution que l’aide bilatérale pour laquelle il n’y a pas d’effet. Cependant, une aide bilatérale spécifiquement ciblée sur la protection de l’environnement contribue à réduire le niveau de pollution. Cet impact est toutefois non linéaire, un effet de réduction de la pollution n’étant observé que pour des montants importants d’aide bilatérale environnementale. Le chapitre 3 étudie les facteurs associés à l’allocation de l’aide bilatérale environnementale entre les pays bénéficiaires, sur la période 1990-2013. L’objectif est d’évaluer si l’aide bilatérale environnementale est motivée par des facteurs non environnementaux tels que les intérêts économiques et politiques des donneurs. Trois types de variables susceptibles d’influencer l’allocation de l’aide environnementale sont examinés : les besoins et les mérites environnementaux et non environnementaux des pays bénéficiaires, ainsi que les intérêts économiques et politiques des donneurs. Les variables relatives aux besoins et aux mérites environnementaux comprennent la vulnérabilité aux événements climatiques extrêmes et la rigueur de la politique environnementale. Les résultats des régressions montrent que si la vulnérabilité au changement climatique semble être un déterminant clé de l’aide environnementale, son allocation est peu ou pas liée aux efforts d’atténuation du changement climatique des bénéficiaires. Il trouve également peu d’évidence empirique sur une quelconque association entre les variables d’intérêt des donneurs et l’aide environnementale, en moyenne. Cependant, une analyse désagrégée révèle d’importantes hétérogénéités dans ces relations, et révèle ainsi que certains donneurs sont plus sensibles aux variables environnementales, tandis que d’autres semblent plutôt se concentrer sur leurs intérêts économiques et politiques. Le chapitre 4 explore l’impact des élections sur la politique environnementale et la dégradation de l’environnement, en utilisant un échantillon de 76 pays démocratiques de 1990 à 2014. Les estimations indiquent que les années électorales sont caractérisées par une augmentation des émissions de CO2, même si cet effet semble s’atténuer sur les années plus récentes. Il révèle également que cet effet n’est présent que dans les démocraties plus anciennes, où les électeurs sont plus avisés et où les dirigeants se livrent à des manipulations budgétaires via la composition des dépenses publiques plutôt que par leur niveau. Une plus grande liberté de la presse et des préférences environnementales élevées de la part des électeurs permettent de réduire l’ampleur de ce cycle
The observed effects of climate change over the last decades highlight the urgency of mobilizing enough resources to slow it down and mitigate its effects. In the case of developing countries, some suggest that development aid has an important role to play. However, the political ambitions of decision-makers should not be in competition with environmental ones. This thesis examines the existing links between foreign aid, political cycles and environmental degradation, through three empirical chapters. Chapter 2 studies the link between foreign aid and CO2 mitigation in 112 developing countries. It shows that the effect of aid depends on the donor, with multilateral aid more likely to reduce pollution than bilateral aid for which there is no effect. Nevertheless, a bilateral aid specifically targeted toward environment contributes to decrease the level of pollution. This later impact is non-linear, a pollution-reducing effect is only observed for important amounts of environmental bilateral aid. Chapter 3 studies the factors associated with environmental bilateral aid to recipient countries over the 1990-2013 period. The objective is to assess whether the environmental bilateral aid is motivated by non-environmental factors such as donors’ economic and political interests. Three kind of variables that might influence environmental aid allocation are examined: the environmental and non-environmental needs and merits of recipient countries, and the economic and political interests of donors. Environmental needs and merits variables include vulnerability to extreme climate events and the stringency of climate policy. The results show that while vulnerability to climate change seems to be a key determinant of environmental aid, its allocation is poorly linked to recipients’ climate mitigation policies. It finds weak evidence of association between donors’ interest variables and environmental aid on average. However, an heterogeneity analysis allows to go deeper into all the relations above, and unveils that some donors are more sensitive to environmental variables, while others rather seem focused on their economic and political interests. Chapter 4 explores how elections impact climate change policy and environmental degradation, using a sample of 76 democratic countries from 1990 to 2014. The findings indicate election years are characterized by an increase in CO2 emissions, even though the effect weakens over the recent years. It also reveals that this effect is present only in established democracies, where incumbents engage in fiscal manipulation through the composition of public spending rather than its level. Higher freedom of the press and high environmental preferences from citizens reduce the size of this “political pollution cycle”

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50

Purba, Rasita Ekawati. "Rural women, poverty and social welfare programs in Indonesia." University of Western Australia. School of Social and Cultural Studies, 2006. http://theses.library.uwa.edu.au/adt-WU2006.0056.

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[Truncated abstract] As a developing country, Indonesia has been struggling with complex and contentious development issues since Independence in 1945. Despite remarkable economic achievement during the New Order period (1966-1998), poverty has persisted and the benefits of development have been unequally distributed. Social welfare — the system of social security to protect the well-being of the weaker members of society has received little attention in Indonesia, both from the state and from the scholarly community. The historical neglect of social welfare in Indonesia has begun to be addressed recently, with the Social Safety Net (SSN) initiative. SSN is a social welfare program that was launched by the government of Indonesia to mitigate the deleterious impacts of the economic crisis that hit the nation in 1997. This thesis aims to assess how the SSN accommodated the needs and aspirations of poor women, particularly those who live in rural areas. The rural poor deserve attention because poverty in rural areas is widespread and often intractable, and because poverty in rural areas tends to be more invisible than in urban areas. The urban poor are more visible, because they are “in the face” of the powerful every day, and they are more likely to be able to access agencies of power than the rural poor.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Voice assistants'

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