Journal articles: 'Voice assistants'

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Karande, Pramod, Shubham Borchate, Bhavesh Chaudhary, and Prof Deveshree Wankhede. "Virtual Desktop Assistant." International Journal for Research in Applied Science and Engineering Technology 10, no. 3 (March 31, 2022): 1916–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.22214/ijraset.2022.41024.

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Abstract: Voice Assistants are becoming immensely popular feature that has changed the way user interact with devices. Voice assistants are used in many devices like mobile phones, laptops. These voice assistants are based on Artificial-Intelligence and Natural Language Processing. They take human voices as input and give output in integrated voices. This voice assistant takes voice through microphone, we have used libraries like pyttsx3 to convert text-to-speech. Keywords: Voice Assistant, python, pyttsx3, Artificial Intelligence, Speech Recognition

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Sharma, Khushboo, Disha Bahal, Aman Sharma, Ankita Garg, and Neeta Verma. "ARA- A Voice Assistant for Disabled Personalities." International Journal of Engineering Applied Sciences and Technology 7, no. 1 (May 1, 2022): 106–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.33564/ijeast.2022.v07i01.015.

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This paper illustrates the implementation of our proposed voice assistant that provides assistance to disabled personalities over the website. ARA-the voice assistant is a software agent that can interpret human speech and respond via synthesized voices. The most popular voice assistants are Siri, Alexa, Cortana, and Google Assistant, which can all be found on smart phones and dedicated speakers. As voice assistants become more widely used, but have complex functionality and only open when we click the mic option, this will start on voice command, easier for the people who are blind or have cognitive disabilities. ARA will read out the content of the website and then using speech to text and text to speech modules along with selenium, our software can automate any website. The designed voice assistance connects with the intended applications to provide results that the user has demanded. The objective of this paper is to illustrate how voice assistants are used in everyday life and to explore whether there is potential for making them accessible for people with disabilities.

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Sharma, Khushboo, Disha Bahal, Aman Sharma, Ankita Garg, and Neeta Verma. "REVIEW ON ARA- A VOICE ASSISTANT FOR DISABLED PERSONALITIES." International Journal of Engineering Applied Sciences and Technology 7, no. 1 (May 1, 2022): 172–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.33564/ijeast.2022.v07i01.026.

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This paper illustrates the implementation of our proposed voice assistant that provides assistance to disabled personalities over the website. ARA-the voice assistant is a software agent that can interpret human speech and respond via synthesized voices. The most popular voice assistants which can all be found on smart phones and dedicated speakers. As voice assistants become more widely used, but have complex functionality and only open when we click the mic option, this will start on voice command, easier for the people who are blind or have cognitive disabilities. ARA will read out the content of the website and then using speech to text and text to speech modules along with selenium, our software can automate any website. The designed voice assistance connects with the intended applications to provide results that the user has demanded. The objective of this paper is to illustrate how voice assistants are used in everyday life with minimal efforts and to explore whether there is potential for making them accessible for people with disabilities.

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Lalit Kumar. "Desktop Voice Assistant Using Natural Language Processing (NLP)." International Journal for Modern Trends in Science and Technology 6, no. 12 (December 15, 2020): 332–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.46501/ijmtst061262.

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Voice assistants are the great innovation in the field of AI that can change the way of living of the people in a different manner. the voice assistant was first introduced on smartphones and after the popularity it got. It was widely accepted by all. Initially, the voice assistant was mostly being used in smartphones and laptops but now it is also coming as home automation and smart speakers. Many devices are becoming smarter in their own way to interact with human in an easy language. The Desktop based voice assistant are the programs that can recognize human voices and can respond via integrated voice system. This paper will define the working of a voice assistants, their main problems and limitations. In this paper it is described that the method of creating a voice assistant without using cloud services, which will allow the expansion of such devices in the future.

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Huang, Yuqi. "Research on the Development of Voice Assistants in the Era of Artificial Intelligence." SHS Web of Conferences 155 (2023): 03019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/shsconf/202315503019.

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Voice assistants have gradually occupied an important position in the products of many electronics companies. Artificial Intelligence voice assistants are able to interpret human speech and respond. Users can ask their assistant questions and manage other essential tasks such as email calendars through verbal commands. This paper analyzes the artificial intelligence voice assistant through the method of comparative analysis. The author studies the development situation of intelligent voice assistants, and compares the differences between Chinese and foreign voice assistants, and finally discusses the relationship between voice intelligent assistants and people’s lives. The author found that users in different countries have different functional preferences for using voice assistants, but they can help people’s work and life to a great extent. In other words, voice assistants play an important role in contemporary society. Therefore, people need to better understand the relationship between humans and machine

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Watkins, Heather, and Richard Pak. "Investigating User Perceptions and Stereotypic Responses to Gender and Age of Voice Assistants." Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting 64, no. 1 (December 2020): 1800–1804. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1071181320641434.

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Technologies such as voice assistants can aid older adults aging in place by assisting with basic home and health tasks in daily routines. However, currently available voice assistants have a common design-they are vastly represented as young and female. Humans may apply stereotypes to human-computer interactions similarly to human-human interactions. When stereotypes are activated, users may lose trust or confidence in the abilities of the device, or even stop using the device all together. The two purposes of this study are to 1) investigate if users can detect the age and gender of voice assistants, and 2) understand the extent to which a voice assistant’s perceived gender, age, and reliability elicit stereotypic responses. A series of health-related vignettes will be utilized to assess perceptions of and stereotypic responses toward voice assistants in younger and older adults. In line with previous research examining healthcare agents (Pak et al., 2014), we hypothesize that voice assistants with younger male voices will be rated as more trustworthy and that high reliability will have a positive impact on ratings of trust.

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Ammerman Yebra, Julia. "“The power of the voice”." RED — Revista Electrónica de Direito 29, no. 3 (2022): 6–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.24840/2182-9845_2022-0003_0002.

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Voice is a feature that individualizes and identifies us. Also, a voice is a biometric data, which means that once a voice has been processed, its owner can be identified. This allows us to state that the voice can be used as a means to authenticate the signature of an electronic contract. Therefore, biometric voice recognition techniques will make it possible to identify the owner of the voice, who will thus be giving his contractual consent. The issue could become more complicated when not only the “voiceprint” is used as a signature, but also the counterpart is a virtual voice assistant. These assistants, designed to both “answer” and “listen”, should contain strong privacy policies regarding the processing of the voices interacting with them. The purpose of this paper is to analyze the consent given both for electronic contracting by voice and for the processing of these voices by virtual assistants.

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Wolters, Maria Klara, Fiona Kelly, and Jonathan Kilgour. "Designing a spoken dialogue interface to an intelligent cognitive assistant for people with dementia." Health Informatics Journal 22, no. 4 (July 26, 2016): 854–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1460458215593329.

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Intelligent cognitive assistants support people who need help performing everyday tasks by detecting when problems occur and providing tailored and context-sensitive assistance. Spoken dialogue interfaces allow users to interact with intelligent cognitive assistants while focusing on the task at hand. In order to establish requirements for voice interfaces to intelligent cognitive assistants, we conducted three focus groups with people with dementia, carers, and older people without a diagnosis of dementia. Analysis of the focus group data showed that voice and interaction style should be chosen based on the preferences of the user, not those of the carer. For people with dementia, the intelligent cognitive assistant should act like a patient, encouraging guide, while for older people without dementia, assistance should be to the point and not patronising. The intelligent cognitive assistant should be able to adapt to cognitive decline.

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Vashisht, Dr Vasudha, Ankit Rai, Dikshant Sharma, Ansh Sharma, and Ajinu Eapen Mathew. "Perceptive Personal Voice Assistant." International Journal for Research in Applied Science and Engineering Technology 10, no. 4 (April 30, 2022): 2567–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.22214/ijraset.2022.41852.

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Abstract: In recent years, Artificial Intelligence (AI) and Machine Learning (ML) has shown progress in the field of technology. We know that the future of technology can be full of robotics. One of the most useful application of AI is Natural Language Processing (NLP). Voice Assistants is one of the greatest innovation of all time. It changes the way of livingof the people in many aspects. Mainly it was first introduced in smart-phones and then it gets its own popularity in the market. Voice assistants are using cloud computing for communication with the users. It is mainly used in households to control a lot of technology related devices. Most common devices that are using voice assistants are smart speakers and they are being used in colleges, homes, schools etc. There are many voice assistants present in the market such as ’SIRI’ by Apple, ’Alexa’ by Amazon, ’Bixby’ by Samsung. We are also trying to create abasic Voice Assistant by using Python. There are so many useful technology such as speech recognition that will be used in this project. We are creating a VA names Arsenal that is capableof executing a lots of commands. The purpose of this paper is to study how voice assistants and smart speakers are usedin everyday life and they way in which we can create a voice assistant. Index Terms: Natural Language Processing, Voice Assistant, Speech Recognition, Python, Artificial Intelligence

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Shypota, N., and M. Makolkina. "Analysis of using voice assistant technolog in fifth generatio networks." Telecom IT 8, no. 3 (September 30, 2020): 86–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.31854/2307-1303-2020-8-3-86-93.

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The voice assistant technology is considered in scientific literature as a promising direction for organizing user work with a system of modern devices. Personal voice assistants create for the user the possibility of comfortable interaction with digital devices, bringing him closer to communication with the interlocutor. The relevance of studying the problem of using a voice assistant in fifth-generation communication networks made it the subject of research in this work. The article provides a retrospective analysis of real achievements in the field of practical application of voice assistant technology and identifies some of the most relevant directions for the development of the use of voice assistants. The main trends in the study of implementation and use, development of new generations of personal smart voice assistants are indicated. Conclusions are drawn about possible promising directions for further research. The proposed analysis of the scope of application of voice assistants and a brief description of the history of their creation and development has practical significance and makes it possible to use this publication as a lecture material.

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Motta, Isabela, and Manuela Quaresma. "OPPORTUNITIES AND ISSUES IN THE ADOPTION OF VOICE ASSISTANTS BY BRAZILIAN SMARTPHONE USERS." Ergodesign & HCI 7, Especial (December 31, 2019): 138. http://dx.doi.org/10.22570/ergodesignhci.v7iespecial.1312.

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It is necessary to understand which are the opportunities and issues in the adoption of voice assistants by smartphone users. In order to achieve this, an online questionnaire with smartphone users and interviews with voice assistants’ users were conducted. The results showed that user attitudes are the main issues impacting their adoption of the assistants, as well as the lack of knowledge about the assistant itself. Concerning the opportunities, seven categories were identified as reasons for the adoption of voice assistants.

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Faiz, Zeeshan, Vedika Srivastava, and Suchitra Khoje. "Virtual Voice Assistant for Smart Devices." ECS Transactions 107, no. 1 (April 24, 2022): 4315–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1149/10701.4315ecst.

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Digital assistants have been a budding technology lately. In modern society, chatbots have found their way in many sectors of e-commerce. With widespread advancements in the field of artificial intelligence, developing machines to ease real life tasks is the norm of the day. Voice Assistants have gained a lot of popularity in this era of home automation and smart devices. These personal assistants, voice or text, can be easily programmed to perform many tasks by simply commanding them to. High tech industries like, Google have publicized voice-based search that is, especially, a bonanza for many like senior citizens who are not comfortable using the keypad/keyboard or English language as these assistants offer support in other languages like Hindi too. Any voice-based assistant works on two pivotal functions namely - listening to(detecting) commands and responding to the given commands given by user. Along with these two base functions, we need customized directive that will define the functionality of the voice assistant.

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Kudina, Olga. "Alexa Does Not Care. Should You?" Glimpse 20 (2019): 107–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.5840/glimpse2019207.

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This article explores the ethical dimension of digital voice assistants from the angle of postphenomenology and the technological mediation approach, whereby technology plays a mediating role in the human-world relations. Digital voice assistants, such as Amazon Echo’s Alexa or Google’s Home, increasingly form an integral part of everyday life for many people. Powered by Artificial Intelligence and based on voice interaction, voice assistants promise constant accompaniment by answering any questions people might have and even managing the physical space of their homes. However, while accompanying daily lives of people, voice assistants also seamlessly redefine the way people talk, interact and perceive each other. In view of their intentionalities, such as interaction by voice, command-based model of communication and development of attachment, digital voice assistant mediate the norms of interaction beyond their immediate use, the way people perceive themselves, those around and form consequent normative expectations. The article argues that understanding how technologies, such as digital voice assistants, mediate our moral landscape forms an essential part of media literacy in the digital age.

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Thakur, Isha, Famida Khanom Athina, and Janarthanan S. "A Study on Smart Voice Assistants." YMER Digital 21, no. 06 (June 30, 2022): 1172–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.37896/ymer21.06/b2.

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Smart voice assistants are agents or software agents that have the ability to analyse human speech and respond appropriately with a combined voice. In today's world, there are a plethora of smart assistants available, like Google's Assistant, Amazon's Alexa, and a slew of others. They're all highly popular smart voice assistants that come pre-trained or, as we like to call it, inbuilt in our Android phones and also embedded in home speakers, with a plethora of apps. Its operation is pretty simple: users just ask their smart assistants a query, and the assistants begin processing in accordance with the owner's wishes give him with the greatest possible answer to his inquiries. This research paper discusses the progress of fundamental functionality as well as some of the features of smart voice assistants that are now in use. It also talked about the privacy and security concerns that might arise with voice assistants. In addition, a brief research was conducted at the end of this article to determine the customer's degree of satisfaction with this technology. It has also been observed that youngsters who do not know how to write asking inquiries to smart assistants may influence their minds and aid them in resolving their problems, so strengthening their notion. As a result, the right interaction between the user (human) and the computer has been built in terms of voice driven interfaces, which is directly based on natural language processing technologies in this work. Keywords: Speech Recognition, Voice Assistants, Artificial Intelligence Software Agents, Human Computer Interaction, Advance in Security Purpose

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Kapur, arinder, Callum Watson, Heena Parmar, and Amy Watts. "Voice assistants in neurorehabilitation." Neuropsychologist 1, no. 8 (October 2019): 24–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.53841/bpsneur.2019.1.8.24.

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Voice assistants, such as Amazon Alexa and Google Home Hub, have potential applications across a spectrum of disability and rehabilitation settings, with the visually impaired and those with marked motor disability particularly likely to reap benefits. We review some of the evidenced and potential applications, as well as our own preliminary experience in an inpatient rehabilitation setting. We conclude that voice assistants are likely to make a significant contribution to the wellbeing of a number of patients with neuropsychological conditions.

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Murugan, Deepalingam, Gowtham Mohan, Hariharan Saravanan, and Dr Ishwarya M V. "Voice Assistant ZIA using HDG algorithm." International Journal for Research in Applied Science and Engineering Technology 10, no. 6 (June 30, 2022): 1419–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.22214/ijraset.2022.43710.

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Abstract: In this computerized world, machine human interaction system was more common. For that kind of interaction, we achieve this voice assistant using machine learning and artificial intelligence. Using this we deploy executable code which works according to the user’s voice command. Voice assistants are the kind of software that use voice recognition technology, natural language processing and AI to response humans. using this technology, the device synthesizes the user’s message, breaks it down, evaluates it, and offers a meaningful response in return. So far google assistance, apple’s siri, amazon’s alexa, microsoft’s cortana were being well known assistance but they were all developed for specific platforms. We developed a software that can be bridge with all the platforms, as we did for the windows machine because we mainly concentrated to achieve some more features to give better experience. The purpose of this paper is to build the voice assistant with the speech recognition algorithm, interactional graphical interface and has a voice cloning technology to perform a task. Keywords: Artificial intelligence, Machine learning, Natural language processing, Speech Recognition, Graphical user interface, Voice cloning

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Xiao, Ziang, Sarah Mennicken, Bernd Huber, Adam Shonkoff, and Jennifer Thom. "Let Me Ask You This: How Can a Voice Assistant Elicit Explicit User Feedback?" Proceedings of the ACM on Human-Computer Interaction 5, CSCW2 (October 13, 2021): 1–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/3479532.

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Voice assistants offer users access to an increasing variety of personalized functionalities. Researchers and engineers who build these experiences rely on various signals from users to create the machine learning models powering them. One type of signal is explicit feedback. While collecting explicit user feedback in situ via voice assistants would help improve and inspect the underlying models, from a user perspective it can be disruptive to the overall experience, and the user might not feel compelled to respond. However, careful design can help alleviate the friction in the experience. In this paper, we explore the opportunities and the design space for voice assistant explicit feedback elicitation. First, we present four usage categories of explicit feedback in situ for model evaluation and improvement, derived from interviews with machine learning practitioners. Then, using realistic scenarios generated for each category, we conducted an online study to evaluate multiple voice assistant designs. Our results reveal that when the voice assistant is introduced as a learner or a collaborator, users were more willing to respond to its request for feedback and felt less disruptive. In addition, giving users instructions on how to initiate feedback themselves can reduce the perceived disruptiveness compared to asking users for feedback directly. Based on our findings, we discuss the implications and potential future directions for designing voice assistants to elicit user feedback for personalized voice experiences.

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Geetha, Dr V., Dr C. K. Gomathy*, Mr Kottamasu Manasa Sri Vardhan, and Mr Nukala Pavan Kumar. "The Voice Enabled Personal Assistant for Pc using Python." International Journal of Engineering and Advanced Technology 10, no. 4 (April 30, 2021): 162–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.35940/ijeat.d2425.0410421.

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Personal Assistants, or conversational interfaces, or chat bots reinvent a new way for individuals to interact with computes. A Personal Virtual Assistant allows a user to simply ask questions in the same manner that they would address a human, and are even capable of doing some basic tasks like opening apps, reading out news, taking notes etc., with just a voice command. Personal Assistants like Google Assistant, Alexa, Siri wo

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Ringfort-Felner, Ronda, Matthias Laschke, Shadan Sadeghian, and Marc Hassenzahl. "Kiro." Proceedings of the ACM on Human-Computer Interaction 6, GROUP (January 14, 2022): 1–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/3492852.

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Soon, voice assistants might be able to engage in fully-fledged social conversations with people, rather than merely providing a voice-operated interface to functionality and data. So far, not much is known about designing such "social" voice assistants and the potential social experiences, which could and should emerge in everyday situations. In the present paper, we created a design fiction to explore a sophisticated social voice assistant in the context of the car. Based on models from psychology and psychotherapy, we designed the fictional "virtual passenger" Kiro. We created a website for Kiro (http://www.heykiro.com/), distributed it, and collected responses in various ways (e.g., comments). We further ran a market research-type focus group. In general, we found people to accept Kiro as a conversation partner but not as a replacement for human-human conversations. We suggest designing social voice assistants in a way to enable novel types of socially fulfilling, yet distinct human-machine conversations.

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Chung, Arlene E., Ashley C. Griffin, Dasha Selezneva, and David Gotz. "Health and Fitness Apps for Hands-Free Voice-Activated Assistants: Content Analysis." JMIR mHealth and uHealth 6, no. 9 (September 24, 2018): e174. http://dx.doi.org/10.2196/mhealth.9705.

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Background Hands-free voice-activated assistants and their associated devices have recently gained popularity with the release of commercial products, including Amazon Alexa and Google Assistant. Voice-activated assistants have many potential use cases in healthcare including education, health tracking and monitoring, and assistance with locating health providers. However, little is known about the types of health and fitness apps available for voice-activated assistants as it is an emerging market. Objective This review aimed to examine the characteristics of health and fitness apps for commercially available, hands-free voice-activated assistants, including Amazon Alexa and Google Assistant. Methods Amazon Alexa Skills Store and Google Assistant app were searched to find voice-activated assistant apps designated by vendors as health and fitness apps. Information was extracted for each app including name, description, vendor, vendor rating, user reviews and ratings, cost, developer and security policies, and the ability to pair with a smartphone app and website and device. Using a codebook, two reviewers independently coded each app using the vendor’s descriptions and the app name into one or more health and fitness, intended age group, and target audience categories. A third reviewer adjudicated coding disagreements until consensus was reached. Descriptive statistics were used to summarize app characteristics. Results Overall, 309 apps were reviewed; health education apps (87) were the most commonly occurring, followed by fitness and training (72), nutrition (33), brain training and games (31), and health monitoring (25). Diet and calorie tracking apps were infrequent. Apps were mostly targeted towards adults and general audiences with few specifically geared towards patients, caregivers, or medical professionals. Most apps were free to enable or use and 18.1% (56/309) could be paired with a smartphone app and website and device; 30.7% (95/309) of vendors provided privacy policies; and 22.3% (69/309) provided terms of use. The majority (36/42, 85.7%) of Amazon Alexa apps were rated by the vendor as mature or guidance suggested, which were geared towards adults only. When there was a user rating available, apps had a wide range of ratings from 1 to 5 stars with a mean of 2.97. Google Assistant apps did not have user reviews available, whereas most of Amazon Alexa apps had at least 1-9 reviews available. Conclusions The emerging market of health and fitness apps for voice-activated assistants is still nascent and mainly focused on health education and fitness. Voice-activated assistant apps had a wide range of content areas but many published in the health and fitness categories did not actually have a clear health or fitness focus. This may, in part, be due to Amazon and Google policies, which place restrictions on the delivery of care or direct recording of health data. As in the mobile app market, the content and functionalities may evolve to meet growing demands for self-monitoring and disease management.

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Gupta, Siddhi, Devanshi Joshi, Krutika Kolpate, Dhruv Sharma, and Mrs Nilam Parmar. "Personal Voice Assistant." International Journal for Research in Applied Science and Engineering Technology 10, no. 5 (May 31, 2022): 2127–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.22214/ijraset.2022.42730.

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Abstract: In today’s modern world, our daily life has been more linked with technology. Over time the advancement in technology is unmatched. The project that we have built is a personal voice assistant. It works on voice input and displays the output through voice or text. We have used python language for the voice assistant as it provides various libraries and packages to make our project. The assistant can perform some basic functions like giving weather updates, providing time and news, opening Google, YouTube, Gmail etc., setting reminder and performing arithmetic calculations. The main aim behind the voice assistant is to reduce the usage of input devices like keyboard, mouse, etc. This will not only lessen the hardware cost of the devices but also the space taken by them. Voice assistants are efficient and consume less time and therefore they are now inbuilt in many devices that people use nowadays. Keywords: Speech Recognition, Personal Assistant, Voice Input, A.I., Python

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Chérif, Emna, and Jean-François Lemoine. "Anthropomorphic virtual assistants and the reactions of Internet users: An experiment on the assistant’s voice." Recherche et Applications en Marketing (English Edition) 34, no. 1 (March 2019): 28–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2051570719829432.

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Virtual assistants are increasingly common on commercial websites. In view of the benefits they offer to businesses for improving navigation and interaction with the consumers, researchers and practitioners agree on the value of providing them with anthropomorphic characteristics. This study focuses on the effect of the voice of the virtual assistant. Although there are some studies of human–computer interaction in this field, there is no work that addresses the topic from a marketing perspective and compares the effect of a human voice versus a synthetic voice. Our findings show that consumers who interact with a virtual assistant with a human voice have a stronger impression of social presence than those interacting with a virtual assistant with a synthetic voice. The human voice also builds trust in the virtual assistant and generates stronger behavioural intentions.

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Hyma, J., M. Rama Krishna Murty, and A. Naveen. "Personalized privacy assistant for digital voice assistants: Case study on Amazon Alexa." International Journal of Knowledge-based and Intelligent Engineering Systems 25, no. 3 (November 10, 2021): 291–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.3233/kes-210071.

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The advancements in modern technologies permit the invention of various digital devices which are controlled and activated by people’s gestures, touch and even by one’s voice. Google Assistant, iPhone Siri, Amazon Alexa etc., are most popular voice enabled devices which have grabbed the attention of digital gadget users. Their usage definitely makes the life easier and comfortable. The other side of these smart enabled devices is incredible violation of the privacy. This happens due to their continuous listening to the user and data transmission over a public network to the third-party services. The work proposed in this paper attempts to overcome the existing privacy violation problem with the voice enabled devices. The main idea is to incorporate an intelligent privacy assistant that works based on the user preferences over their data.

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Seymour, William, and Max Van Kleek. "Exploring Interactions Between Trust, Anthropomorphism, and Relationship Development in Voice Assistants." Proceedings of the ACM on Human-Computer Interaction 5, CSCW2 (October 13, 2021): 1–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/3479515.

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Modern conversational agents such as Alexa and Google Assistant represent significant progress in speech recognition, natural language processing, and speech synthesis. But as these agents have grown more realistic, concerns have been raised over how their social nature might unconsciously shape our interactions with them. Through a survey of 500 voice assistant users, we explore whether users' relationships with their voice assistants can be quantified using the same metrics as social, interpersonal relationships; as well as if this correlates with how much they trust their devices and the extent to which they anthropomorphise them. Using Knapp's staircase model of human relationships, we find that not only can human-device interactions be modelled in this way, but also that relationship development with voice assistants correlates with increased trust and anthropomorphism.

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N.R, Impana, and Prof G. R. Manjula. "VOICE AND TEXT BASED VIRTUAL PERSONAL ASSISTANT FOR DESKTOP." International Journal of Engineering Applied Sciences and Technology 7, no. 1 (May 1, 2022): 192–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.33564/ijeast.2022.v07i01.030.

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A virtual personal assistant (VPA) is a computer application that simulates human-to-machine communication through the Internet. Virtual personal assistants mimic and process human interactions, allowing users to converse as if they were speaking with real people. The goal of the project is to use facial recognition to offer security for a virtual personal assistant. Users have the option of communicating via voice or text. The virtual personal assistant will be able to tell the time, tell jokes, take screenshots, take photos using the webcam, search Wikipedia, open calendar, open applications, Google search, play music, perform mathematical calculations, volume control, send emails, and much more, and it will be very user-friendly. Virtual assistants will play a vital role in reducing human effort and also time spent on any given task.

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Mooshammer, Sandra, and Katrin Etzrodt. "Gender Ambiguity in Voice-Based Assistants: Gender Perception and Influences of Context." Special Issue: Gender and Human-Machine Communication 5 (December 18, 2022): 49–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.30658/hmc.5.2.

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Recently emerging synthetic acoustically gender-ambiguous voices could contribute to dissolving the still prevailing genderism. Yet, are we indeed perceiving these voices as “unassignable”? Or are we trying to assimilate them into existing genders? To investigate the perceived ambiguity, we conducted an explorative 3 (male, female, ambiguous voice) × 3 (male, female, ambiguous topic) experiment. We found that, although participants perceived the gender-ambiguous voice as ambiguous, they used a profoundly wide range of the scale, indicating tendencies toward a gender. We uncovered a mild dissolve of gender roles. Neither the listener’s gender nor the personal gender stereotypes impacted the perception. However, the perceived topic gender indicated the perceived voice gender, and younger people tended to perceive a more male-like gender.

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Böhm, Eva, Andreas Eggert, Ina Garnefeld, Hartmut H. Holzmüller, Tobias Schaefers, Lena Steinhoff, and David M. Woisetschläger. "Exploring the Customer Journey of Voice Commerce: A Research Agenda." Journal of Service Management Research 6, no. 2 (2022): 216–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.5771/2511-8676-2022-2-216.

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Voice commerce creates unprecedented opportunities for consumers and vendor firms to interact, engage, and relate. With artificial intelligence-powered voice assistants, consumers can make technology-mediated purchases without using their tactile senses, which represents a new space for commercial interactions. Drawing on the customer journey as an organizing framework, this article proposes a structured research agenda, in an attempt to shed light on the bright side effects of voice commerce while also acknowledging concerns for consumer protection and society in general. Voice assistants can enhance every stage of the purchase journey, yet their use might have negative consequences for customer relationships. In the prepurchase stage, voice assistants can act as information curators or manipulators. In the purchase stage, voice assistants can adopt roles as shopping concierges or impediments. In the postpurchase and usage stage, voice assistants can become trusted relationship partners or hostile intruders in consumers’ lives.

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Böhm, Eva, Andreas Eggert, Ina Garnefeld, Hartmut H. Holzmüller, Tobias Schaefers, Lena Steinhoff, and David M. Woisetschläger. "Exploring the Customer Journey of Voice Commerce: A Research Agenda." Journal of Service Management Research 6, no. 4 (2022): 216–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.5771/2511-8676-2022-4-216.

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Voice commerce creates unprecedented opportunities for consumers and vendor firms to interact, engage, and relate. With artificial intelligence-powered voice assistants, consumers can make technology-mediated purchases without using their tactile senses, which represents a new space for commercial interactions. Drawing on the customer journey as an organizing framework, this article proposes a structured research agenda, in an attempt to shed light on the bright side effects of voice commerce while also acknowledging concerns for consumer protection and society in general. Voice assistants can enhance every stage of the purchase journey, yet their use might have negative consequences for customer relationships. In the prepurchase stage, voice assistants can act as information curators or manipulators. In the purchase stage, voice assistants can adopt roles as shopping concierges or impediments. In the postpurchase and usage stage, voice assistants can become trusted relationship partners or hostile intruders in consumers’ lives.

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Liu, Gary, and Nathan Malkin. "Effects of Privacy Permissions on User Choices in Voice Assistant App Stores." Proceedings on Privacy Enhancing Technologies 2022, no. 4 (October 2022): 421–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.56553/popets-2022-0116.

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Intelligent voice assistants, and the thirdparty apps (aka “skills” or “actions”) that power them, are increasing in popularity and beginning to experiment with the ability to continuously listen to users. This paper studies how privacy concerns related to such always-listening voice assistants might affect consumer behavior and whether certain privacy mitigations would render them more acceptable. To explore these questions with more realistic user choices, we built an interactive app store that allowed users to install apps for a hypothetical always-listening voice assistant. In a study with 214 participants, we asked users to browse the app store and install apps for different voice assistants that offered varying levels of privacy protections. We found that users were generally more willing to install continuously-listening apps when there were greater privacy protections, but this effect was not universally present. The majority did not review any permissions in detail, but still expressed a preference for stronger privacy protections. Our results suggest that privacy factors into user choice, but many people choose to skip this information.

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Tanribilir, Rusen N. "Analysing antecedence of an intelligent voice assistant use intention and behaviour." F1000Research 10 (June 25, 2021): 496. http://dx.doi.org/10.12688/f1000research.52637.1.

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Background: As the use of intelligent voice assistant applications becomes more prevalent, a growing body of studies are examining individuals' interactions with intelligent voice assistants. However, very limited research has focused on comparing the antecedents of both use and non-use behaviour of individuals, based on the technology acceptance models. To fill this gap, the present study investigated antecedents of intelligent voice assistance use and use intention in a cross-sectional setting. Additionally, to go one step beyond the existing literature on technology acceptance models and theories, a new construct termed perceived needs, as well as the moderating role of perceived privacy concerns and perceived awareness, are introduced. Method: A quantitative, cross-sectional research design was utilised using a nonprobability sampling strategy through the online networking platforms. Total of 277 (n = 155 users vs n = 122 non-users) international adults age between 20-74 years (79.6% female, 20.4 % male) contributed to the study. Ordinary least squares (OLS) linear regression and Bivariate logistic regression analyses for non-users and users were conducted, respectively. Results: Both analyses revealed that peer influence and perceived needs related to the intention to use intelligent voice assistants for non-users, which applied to the current intelligent voice assistance users where privacy concerns were considered. Surprisingly, the key determinants of technology acceptance and use theories, such as perceived ease of use and perceived usefulness, did not hold for intelligent voice assistance usage. Conclusion: The current research contributed to the field by validating new constructs of perceived needs and the moderation role of perceived privacy concerns. However, in order to build on an existing body of knowledge, future studies should further examine the moderation role of perceived privacy concerns, perceived ease of use, and perceived usefulness in the same domain.

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Donepudi, Praveen Kumar. "Voice Search Technology: An Overview." Engineering International 2, no. 2 (December 31, 2014): 91–102. http://dx.doi.org/10.18034/ei.v2i2.502.

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Voice search technology is not new. It's been there since Audrey came out. But now it is increasing. People are using voice assistants, and so far 420 million voice assistants have been sold. This is growing rapidly because artificial intelligence integrated with voice search technology is more accurate and faster than text search. According to Google, its accuracy has improved to 95%. In short, it's an old technology that's gaining popularity with the rise of mobile phone voice assistants. In this study, the researcher has introduced different aspects and practical implications of voice search technology.

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Calahorra Candao, Guillermo, and María José Martín de Hoyos. "Hey Siri: Exploring the Effect of Voice Humanity on Virtual Assistant Acceptance." European Conference on the Impact of Artificial Intelligence and Robotics 4, no. 1 (November 17, 2022): 119–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.34190/eciair.4.1.954.

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This work in progress presents a proposed model to measure the acceptance of the use of voiced virtual assistants in commercial contexts. The use of these devices has increased after their implementation in smartphones and with the arrival of smart speakers in any household appliance. We propose the present model emphasizing the anthropomorphic aspect of the assistant to know if it has an emphasis on its acceptance. Unlike other models of acceptance, the contribution of the work is the inclusion of anthropomorphic variables such as human presence and human like voice. The work focuses on the virtual assistant Siri.

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Valera Román, Adrián, Denis Pato Martínez, Álvaro Lozano Murciego, Diego M. Jiménez-Bravo, and Juan F. de Paz. "Voice Assistant Application for Avoiding Sedentarism in Elderly People Based on IoT Technologies." Electronics 10, no. 8 (April 20, 2021): 980. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/electronics10080980.

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The rise in the use of virtual assistants such as Siri, Google Assistant, or Alexa among different sectors of society is facilitating access to information and services that were previously inconceivable due to the existing digital divide due to age. This situation allows especially the elderly to perform tasks much more easily and to access applications and services that could be a challenge for them with other digital user interfaces. With this in mind, the EMERITI project aims to improve the lives of the elderly through the use of virtual assistants in different case studies. In this sense, virtual voice assistants along with the use of Internet of Things (IoT) technologies can contribute to avoid sedentarism in the elderly; however, it is necessary to address the problem of proactivity presented by the virtual assistants available in the market. This article presents a solution that, through the use of activity monitoring smart bracelets, IoT devices and virtual voice assistants allow the elderly to monitor their daily physical activity simply by using their voice and therefore prevent them from sedentary patterns. Finally, this study presents the technical results obtained after the deployment of the proposed system and discusses the main advantages and the current challenges of the use of virtual assistants in applications to prevent sedentary lifestyles in the elderly.

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Puzatykh, A. N. "USING VOICE ASSISTANTS FOR LEARNING ENGLISH." Educational Psychology in Polycultural Space 52, no. 4 (2020): 106–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.24888/2073-8439-2020-52-4-106-112.

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Blom, Joleen. "Voice Assistants as Characters—or Not." Narrative 30, no. 2 (May 2022): 170–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/nar.2022.0031.

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Pradhan, Swadhin, Wei Sun, Ghufran Baig, and Lili Qiu. "Combating Replay Attacks Against Voice Assistants." Proceedings of the ACM on Interactive, Mobile, Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies 3, no. 3 (September 9, 2019): 1–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/3351258.

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Masina, Fabio, Valeria Orso, Patrik Pluchino, Giulia Dainese, Stefania Volpato, Cristian Nelini, Daniela Mapelli, Anna Spagnolli, and Luciano Gamberini. "Investigating the Accessibility of Voice Assistants With Impaired Users: Mixed Methods Study." Journal of Medical Internet Research 22, no. 9 (September 25, 2020): e18431. http://dx.doi.org/10.2196/18431.

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Background Voice assistants allow users to control appliances and functions of a smart home by simply uttering a few words. Such systems hold the potential to significantly help users with motor and cognitive disabilities who currently depend on their caregiver even for basic needs (eg, opening a door). The research on voice assistants is mainly dedicated to able-bodied users, and studies evaluating the accessibility of such systems are still sparse and fail to account for the participants’ actual motor, linguistic, and cognitive abilities. Objective The aim of this work is to investigate whether cognitive and/or linguistic functions could predict user performance in operating an off-the-shelf voice assistant (Google Home). Methods A group of users with disabilities (n=16) was invited to a living laboratory and asked to interact with the system. Besides collecting data on their performance and experience with the system, their cognitive and linguistic skills were assessed using standardized inventories. The identification of predictors (cognitive and/or linguistic) capable of accounting for an efficient interaction with the voice assistant was investigated by performing multiple linear regression models. The best model was identified by adopting a selection strategy based on the Akaike information criterion (AIC). Results For users with disabilities, the effectiveness of interacting with a voice assistant is predicted by the Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) and the Robertson Dysarthria Profile (specifically, the ability to repeat sentences), as the best model shows (AIC=130.11). Conclusions Users with motor, linguistic, and cognitive impairments can effectively interact with voice assistants, given specific levels of residual cognitive and linguistic skills. More specifically, our paper advances practical indicators to predict the level of accessibility of speech-based interactive systems. Finally, accessibility design guidelines are introduced based on the performance results observed in users with disabilities.

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Muffadal Katheria and Dr. Mamta Brahmbhatt. "A Critical Review of Voice Based Searches and Its Impact on Digital Marketing." Restaurant Business 118, no. 11 (November 28, 2019): 650–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.26643/rb.v118i11.11849.

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If we look at the most important application of iPhone, “SIRI” would be on top of it. Similarly for android phones “Google Voice Assistant” would not be far behind. For Amazon products “Alexa” is the same. All these applications have one thing in common. They are voice based assistants and help you based on your voice commands. Now with the speech to text technology advancement and improvements, and the devices processing powers improving, these voice based assistants have become a go to option for most of the mundane tasks. With this change in behavior of user, there has been a rise in voice based searches as well. People have now started using assistant for searching the internet. This has led to a change in the traditional way of searching by typing text in the browser in search engine. With this change there is an impact on the search results being delivered by the search engine. As the search engine processing changes, it impacts the way people get the content. This has its impact on the Digital Marketing techniques that has been employed by different websites to get traffic and or do their branding or promotions.

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Roshini, M., S. Nandhika, S. Prathipa, and Dr Rajasekar Velswamy. "AI System With Voice Modulation Using Neural Network." International Journal for Research in Applied Science and Engineering Technology 10, no. 5 (May 31, 2022): 385–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.22214/ijraset.2022.42193.

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Abstract: A virtual assistant, also called AI assistant or digital assistant, is an application that understands voice commands and completes tasks for the user. Popular virtual assistants currently include Amazon Alexa, Apple, Siri, Google Assistant. In our project we'll create an AI system using Neural network algorithm and NLP Techniques. AI System which is able to perform all the actions-speaking, listening task, google search engine tasks, playing YouTube videos, tracking current location, date, time, day, year etc. Additionally, to these features AI Assistant will recognize emotions and communicate back to the speaker ,changing the voice of the assistant and recognize other language

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Akhmaeva, L. G. "USER EXPERIENCE AND OPPORTUNITIES IN THE USE OF VOICE ASSISTANTS IN INTERACTIVE MARKETING COMMUNICATIONS: AMAZON ALEXA, GOOGLE HOME, APPLE SIRI, YANDEX ALICE." Vestnik Universiteta, no. 5 (July 16, 2020): 49–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.26425/1816-4277-2020-5-49-57.

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The emergence, development, problems, prospects and statistics of the use of voice assistants in interactive marketing communications have been considered. The use of voice assistants as an interface of interaction with electronic equipment is a new, dynamically developing trend, covering all spheres of human activity. The relevance of the studied problem lies in the fact that the integration of advertising in voice assistants in the near future will affect all types of business in one way to another and become an integral part of a successful advertising campaign: these are the most effective interactive marketing communications of the future. The author’s recommendations on the use of voice assistants in interactive marketing communications have been given.

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Akash Roshan and Meenu Garg, Dr Neha Agrawal. "Intelligent Voice Assisstant for Desktop using NLP and AI." International Journal for Modern Trends in Science and Technology 6, no. 12 (December 15, 2020): 328–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.46501/ijmtst061261.

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In the coming future, virtual assistants will automate nearly all of the manual and time-consuming tasks. This project is an implementation of an intelligent voice assistant for Windows which includes the functionality of security through facial recognition. Until this day, there has not been any good alternative for Windows, so this project aims to implement a voice assistant for the Windows platform while describing the difficulties and challenges that lies in this task.

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Berdasco, López, Diaz, Quesada, and Guerrero. "User Experience Comparison of Intelligent Personal Assistants: Alexa, Google Assistant, Siri and Cortana." Proceedings 31, no. 1 (November 20, 2019): 51. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/proceedings2019031051.

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Natural user interfaces are becoming popular. One of the most common natural user interfaces nowadays are voice activated interfaces, particularly smart personal assistants such as Google Assistant, Alexa, Cortana, and Siri. This paper presents the results of an evaluation of these four smart personal assistants in two dimensions: the correctness of their answers and how natural the responses feel to users. Ninety-two participants conducted the evaluation. Results show that Alexa and Google Assistant are significantly better than Siri and Cortana. However, there is no statistically significant difference between Alexa and Google Assistant.

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Hefti, Sarah. "Hilfsbereit, verständnisvoll, bescheiden: Problematik und Folgen von weiblichen Voice Assistants." HMD Praxis der Wirtschaftsinformatik 59, no. 2 (March 9, 2022): 633–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1365/s40702-022-00851-2.

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ZusammenfassungDer Artikel legt die soziale und ethische Problematik weiblich konzipierter Voice Assistants dar. Weibliche Voice Assistants, die folgsam bis unterwürfig die ihnen aufgetragenen Arbeiten erledigen und selbst bei Beleidigungen höflich bleiben, können geschlechterstereotype Erwartungen an Frauen in der Gesellschaft hervorrufen und festigen. Angesichts der weltweit starken Zunahme von Voice Assistants ist dies ein Aspekt, der unbedingt thematisiert werden sollte. Die menschliche respektive weibliche Inszenierung der Technologie fusst auf grösstenteils bewussten Entscheidungen der beteiligten Design- und Entwicklungsteams. Sie programmieren geschlechterstereotype Reaktionen, setzen auf weibliche Stimmen und Namen. Die einfach gestrickten, hilfsbereiten weiblichen Voice Assistants können als hochmoderne Technologie Geschlechterstereotype nicht nur abbilden, sondern sie auch direkt zurück an ihre Nutzer:innen spielen. Damit verfügen sie über das Potenzial, längst ausgediente Rollenbilder in der Realität zu nähren. Der Artikel erörtert diese Problematik und analysiert hierfür aktuelle Literatur- und Medienbeiträge. Abschliessend werden mögliche Handlungsfelder für Technologiekonzerne, Forschung, Gesetzgebung und Zivilgesellschaft abgeleitet. Der Weg führt über eine stärkere Sensibilisierung aller an der Entwicklung Beteiligten und der Nutzer:innen. Nur so können Alternativen zu den gängigen Voice Assistants entstehen.

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ZADORIZHNA, Natalia. "Synthetic speech prosody of digital assistents and their functions in the modern world." EUROPEAN HUMANITIES STUDIES: State and Society, no. 3(II) (September 30, 2020): 109–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.38014/ehs-ss.2020.3-2.08.

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The article is devoted to the speech prosody analysis of digital assistants and their functions in the modern world. Peculiarities of their functioning in different spheres, in particular in educational, are considered and as well as tasks which they perform. Synthetic speech prosody is investigated on the example of voice assistants which speak in a female, male and genderless voice. Characteristics of melody (melodic scales and terminal tones), FF and intensity range, tempo and pause features, voice quality were taken into account. In the course of comparative study some identical and distinctive features of assistants’ speech were singled out. The results of the experiment demonstrate variability of prosodic parameters, used by digital assistants. Voice differentiation and different degrees of expressiveness depend on the sphere of application, users’ preferences and communication context.

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Kumar, Abhishek. "Voice Assistant with Home Automation." International Journal for Research in Applied Science and Engineering Technology 10, no. 6 (June 30, 2022): 1808–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.22214/ijraset.2022.43833.

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Abstract: As we know Python is an emerging language so it becomes easy to write a script for Voice Assistant in Python. The instructions for the assistant can be handled as per the requirement of user. Speech recognition is the process of converting speech into text. This is commonly used in voice assistants like Alexa, Siri, etc. In Python there is an API called SpeechRecognition which allows us to convert speech into text. It was an interesting task to make my own assistant. It became easier to send emails without typing any word, Searching on Google without opening the browser, and performing manyother daily tasks like playing music, opening your favorite IDE with the help of a single voice command. In the current scenario, advancement in technologies are such that they can perform any task with same effectiveness or can say more effectively than us. By making this project, I realized that the concept of AI in every field is decreasing human effort and saving time.

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A, Vigneswaran, Dr Gowri J, and Aakash B. "Artificial Intelligence-Based Voice Assistant." International Journal for Research in Applied Science and Engineering Technology 10, no. 12 (December 31, 2022): 1130–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.22214/ijraset.2022.48147.

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Abstract: Workers were replaced by machines throughout the commercial revolution, sending more people into the service industry. Chatbots and voice assistants, that might offer support to customers or users, square measure currently a part of the digital revolution's assault on this field. Voice assistants (VA) are the type of voice- enabled artificial intelligence (AI). AI refers to some level of intelligence displayed by digital interfaces, or the ability of algorithms to mimic intelligent human behaviour. However, AI refers to “cognitive” functions that we tend to escort the human mind, including problem solving and learning. The counselling response model provides a suitable response by combining the users’ input and the emotional status of the user; this can have a consolatory impact which will create the user loaded down with depression feel higher.

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Kopitz, Linda. "Alexa, Affect, and the Algorithmic Imaginary." Screen Bodies 6, no. 1 (June 1, 2021): 1–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.3167/screen.2021.060103.

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As millions of customers across the world invite digital voice assistants into their homes, the public debate has increasingly centered on security and privacy concerns connected to the use of the device. Drawing on Tania Bucher’s work at the intersection between technology and everyday experience, this article proposes an understanding of an algorithmic imaginary of Alexa-enabled devices as explicitly nonthreatening in its ordinariness, positive potential, and gendered presence. As a case study, this article uses commercials for Alexa-enabled devices as a starting point: Instead of foregrounding the functionality and thereby the algorithmic intelligence underlying the voice assistant, these commercials focus on an affective potential as a narrative strategy to address privacy and security concerns. By connecting everyday interactions with emotional and empowering narratives, the way Alexa is portrayed as an embodied object functions as a balance to the equally public and publicized understanding of digital voice assistants as threats.

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Rajurkar, Tejas. "Open Banking using Voice Enabled Personal Assistants." International Journal for Research in Applied Science and Engineering Technology 8, no. 7 (July 31, 2020): 959–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.22214/ijraset.2020.30456.

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Dellaert, Benedict G. C., Suzanne B. Shu, Theo A. Arentze, Tom Baker, Kristin Diehl, Bas Donkers, Nathanael J. Fast, et al. "Consumer decisions with artificially intelligent voice assistants." Marketing Letters 31, no. 4 (August 17, 2020): 335–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11002-020-09537-5.

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AbstractConsumers are widely adopting Artificially Intelligent Voice Assistants (AIVAs). AIVAs now handle many different everyday tasks and are also increasingly assisting consumers with purchasing decisions, making AIVAs a rich topic for marketing researchers. We develop a series of propositions regarding how consumer decision-making processes may change when moved from traditional online purchase environments to AI-powered voice-based dialogs, in the hopes of encouraging further academic thinking and research in this rapidly developing, high impact area of consumer-firm interaction. We also provide suggestions for marketing managers and policymakers on points to pay attention to when they respond to the proposed effects of AIVAs on consumer decisions.

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Tejaswi, Ch V. "Virtual Voice Assistant." International Journal for Research in Applied Science and Engineering Technology 9, no. VI (June 30, 2021): 4097–101. http://dx.doi.org/10.22214/ijraset.2021.35868.

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This is desktop application which can assist people with basic tasks using natural language. Virtual Voice Assistants can go online and search for an answer to a user’s question. Actions can be triggered using text or voice. Voice is the key. A virtual voice assistant is a personal assistant which uses natural language processing (NLP) , voice recognition and speech synthesis to provide a service through a particular application. Natural Language Processing in short is called as NLP. It is basically a branch of artificial intelligence which mainly deals with the interaction between personal computers and human beings using the natural language. The main objective of NLP is to read, convert, understand, and make use of the human languages in a manner that is valuable. Voice recognition is a hardware device or computer software program with the potential to decode the voice of human beings. Voice recognition is usually used to operate a gadget, execute commands, or write without making use of any mouse, keyboard, or press any buttons. Artificial production of human speech is called as Speech Synthesis. A system used for this purpose is called a speech computer or speech synthesizer and can be implemented in many products of software’s and hardware’s.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Voice assistants'

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