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Thomas, Kathy Wright. "Voice Onset Time Characteristics of Selected Phonemes in Young and Old Male Speakers." Thesis, North Texas State University, 1985. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc500707/.
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The purpose of the investigation was to compare mean voice onset time in young and old male subjects, as well as to examine variability of VOT productions with age for prevocalic bilabial, alveolar, and velar voiced and voiceless stop consonants. Forty-five Caucasion.males were divided equally into three.age groups. Ten tokens of six stimulus words were recorded and wide band spectrograms were made. Results of an analysis of variance revealed no significant differences in VOT with age when averages of the phonemes were used for analysis; however, a significant interaction between age and voiced phonemes was found when individual trials of phoneme productions were used for analysis.
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Budkowski, Emily T. "VOICE ONSET TIME IN PARKINSON DISEASE." Bowling Green State University / OhioLINK, 2007. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=bgsu1174747354.
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Arnold, Amanda, Lisa Phillips, Lindsay Pickler, Whitney White, Amanda McCamey, and Christopher McCrea. "Voice Onset Time as a Clinical Indicator of Hypofunctional Voice Disorders." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2008. https://dc.etsu.edu/etsu-works/1960.
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The purpose of this study was to measure and compare the voice onset times (VOTs) of healthy individuals using a normal and breathy voice in an effort to determine if VOT can be used as a noninvasive clinical indicator of laryngeal function. Recordings were made of 20 adults between the ages of 20-48 with normal laryngeal function, each using a normal (Group 1) and breathy voice (Group 2). The participants’ productions were designed and collected in such a manner to control for speaking rate, vowel context, pitch, and loudness; all of which have been shown to influence VOT. A mixed analyses of variance showed that hypofunctional productions demonstrated longer VOTs across all stop consonants when compared to normal productions. Within the stops, a significant difference between the voiced and voiceless stops was noted, although no gender differences were found. It was concluded that VOT can be used as an indirect clinical indicator of laryngeal function.
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Andersson, Marie, and Elin Nordin. "Voice Onset Time among Children with Phonological Impairment." Thesis, Linköpings universitet, Logopedi, 2012. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-78467.
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Speech production requires cooperation between cognitive, linguistic and motor processes. It also requires spatial and temporal control of muscles, as well as simultaneous and coordinated activity of respiration, phonation and articulation (Cheng, Murdoch, Goozée & Scott, 2007; Yorkston, Beukelman, Strand & Bell, 1999; Raphael, Borden & Harris, 2011). Voice Onset Time (VOT) reflects the timing between phonation and articulation (Hoit-Dalgaard, Murry & Kopp, 1983). VOT is the most reliable acoustic cue for distinguishing between voiceless or voiced plosives (Auzou et al. 2000). Studies of English-speaking children with phonological impairment have shown atypical VOT-patterns (Bond & Wilson, 1980). The aim of the present study was to investigate Voice Onset Time (VOT) among Swedish children with phonological impairment and to examine if their VOT-values differ from typically developed Swedish children. Participants were 38 children aged 4;2−11;6 distributed over eight age- groups and five developmental stages of phonology. Audio recordings of minimal pairs were made at preschools, schools or at speech pathology clinics. The results indicated that children with phonological impairment produced VOT with deviant values and with a great variability. A marked acoustic difference between voiceless and voiced stop consonants was present, but not in all cases. Since the VOT-values were distributed over the group of children with phonological impairment, no developmental trend toward adult-like values that could be related to increasing age was found for either the acquisition of producing VOT or the acquisition of producing voicing lead. No differences in VOT were seen between the children in different phonological developmental stages or ages. No correlation between the degree of deviance of VOT and the proportion of Procent Phonemes Correct (PPC), age or phonological processes were found. From the results the conclusion can be drawn that children with phonological impairment have deviant VOT-values that could be caused by lack of phonological knowledge, but in particular since the variability did not decrease with increased age, have difficulties with motor execution.Tal kräver ett samarbete mellan kognitiva, språkliga och motoriska processer. Det kräver även spatial och temporal kontroll av muskler samt samtidig och koordinerad aktivitet av andning, fonation och artikulation (Cheng, Murdoch, Goozée & Scott, 2007; Yorkston, Beukelman, Strand & Bell, 1999; Raphael, Borden & Harris, 2011). Voice Onset Time (VOT) ger en bild av koordinationen mellan fonation och artikulation (Hoit-Dalgaard, Murry & Kopp, 1983). VOT är den mest pålitliga akustiska referensen för att kunna skilja mellan tonande och tonlösa klusiler (Auzou et al., 2000). Engelsktalande barn med fonologisk språkstörning har visat atypiska VOT-mönster (Bond & Wilson, 1980). Syftet med föreliggande studie är att undersöka Voice Onset Time (VOT) hos svensktalande barn med fonologisk språkstörning och utröna huruvida deras VOT-värden skiljer sig från VOT-värden hos barn med typisk språkutveckling. I studien deltog 38 barn i åldrarna 4;2−11;6 fördelade på åtta åldersgrupper och fem fonologiska utvecklingsstadier. Inspelningar av bildbenämning av minimala par skedde på barnens förskola, skola eller logopedmottagning. Resultatet visade att barn med fonologisk språkstörning hade avvikande VOT-värden med stor variation. Det förekom både att grupper kunde och inte kunde producera akustiska skillnader mellan tonlösa och tonande klusiler. Resultaten var så spridda i barngruppen att ingen direkt utveckling mot vuxenlika värden kunde relateras till ökad ålder för varken utveckling av VOT produktion eller vuxenlik förekomst av förton. Ingen skillnad vad gäller VOT sågs mellan barn i olika fonologiska utvecklingsstadier eller åldrar. Hur mycket ett VOT-värde avvek kunde inte förklaras av ålder, språkliga processer eller hur många korrekta fonem (PPC) som producerades. Av resultaten dras slutsatsen att barn med språkstörning har avvikande VOT-värden som delvis kan hänföras till bristande fonologisk kunskap men framförallt, eftersom variabiliteten i barnens värden inte minskade med ökad ålder kan hänföras till svårigheter med det motoriska genomförandet.
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Larsson, Maria, and Sara Wiman. "Voice onset time hos svenska förskolebarn : Ett utvecklingsperspektiv." Thesis, Linköping University, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, 2010. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-55537.
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Voice onset time (VOT) är en akustisk tidsparameter som speglar den talmotoriska kontrollen. VOT anses vara det mest tillförlitliga akustiska tecknet på om en klusil är tonande eller tonlös.
Syfte: att undersöka och jämföra VOT hos barn i åldrarna 3, 4 och 5 år samt jämföra med tidigare publicerade svenska vuxenvärden.
Metod: 83 barn (51 flickor; 32 pojkar) ljudinspelades vid produktion av minimala par för de svenska klusilerna.
Resultat: medelvärden för VOT minskade genomgående med åldern. Signifikanta skillnader erhölls mellan 3- och 5-åringarna för ljuden /t k b g/ samt gällande användandet av förton för tonande klusiler. Jämförelser med vuxenvärden visade att vuxna i högre utsträckning hade förton för de tonande ljuden och kortare VOT för de tonlösa ljuden än de, i föreliggande studie, deltagande barnen. Inga signifikanta könsskillnader påträffades.
Resultaten av föreliggande studie kan användas som referensmaterial vid bedömning av barn med talmotoriska störningar.
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Rae, Rebecca C. "Measures of Voice Onset Time: A Methodological Study." Bowling Green State University / OhioLINK, 2018. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=bgsu1522356095329958.
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Larsson, Maria, and Sara Wiman. "Voice onset time hos svenska barn och vuxna : Ett utvecklingsperspektiv." Thesis, Linköpings universitet, Institutionen för klinisk och experimentell medicin, 2011. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-68630.
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Voice onset time (VOT) är en akustisk tidsparameter som reflekterar den tidsmässiga samordningen av talmotoriken. VOT betraktas som det mest pålitliga akustiska kännetecknet på huruvida en klusil är tonlös eller tonande. Föreliggande studies syfte var att studera och jämföra VOT hos svenska barn (8, 9, 10, 11 år) och vuxna för att se hur utvecklingen sker samt för att ta fram svenska normvärden. Ljudinspelningar genomfördes på 150 barn och 36 vuxna vid uttal av de svenska klusilerna i minimala par. Akustiska analyser av materialet utfördes sedan. Resultatet visade att de tonlösa klusilerna föreföll produceras med vuxenlika VOT-värden från och med cirka nio års ålder. De tonande motsvarigheterna producerades med vuxenlik VOT omkring tio års ålder. I tioårsåldern förekom dessutom förton i helt vuxenlik utsträckning. Resultaten tyder dock på att svenska vuxna ej nödvändigtvis behöver producera tonande klusiler med förton. Inga tydliga könsskillnader erhölls. De normvärden för VOT som har tagits fram i föreliggande studie kan nyttjas som referensmaterial vid utredning av barn med talstörningar.Voice onset time (VOT) is a temporal acoustic parameter, which reflects the timing of speech motor control. VOT is said to be the most reliable acoustic cue of whether a plosive is voiceless or voiced. The aim of the present study was to investigate and compare VOT among Swedish children (8, 9, 10, 11 years) and adults to examine the development of VOT and to obtain Swedish normative data. Audio recordings were performed on 150 children and 36 adults when pronouncing the Swedish plosives in minimal pairs. Acoustic analyses were then carried out. The results indicated that the voiceless plosives seemed to be produced with adult like VOT-values around the age of nine. The voiced plosives in turn, appeared to be produced with adult like values at approximately ten years of age. By the age of ten, also prevoicing was found in a fully adult like extent. Though, the results indicate that not all Swedish adults produce voiced plosives with prevoicing. No evident gender differences were found. The normative data for VOT that have been obtained in the present study can be used as normative data when assessing children with speech disorders.
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Yu, Ka-man Karen. "Voice onset time production of affricates in cerebral palsied children." Click to view the E-thesis via HKUTO, 1996. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record/B36209387.
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Thesis (B.Sc)--University of Hong Kong, 1996."A dissertation submitted in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the Bachelor of Science (Speech and Hearing Sciences), The University of Hong Kong, April 29, 1996." Also available in print.
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Ingersoll, Jeremy Leigh. "The Perception of Voice Onset Time by English-speaking L2 Learners of Spanish with an Extended Partial Immersion Experience." BYU ScholarsArchive, 2019. https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/etd/8114.
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For adult learners of a second language, the similarities and differences in acoustic properties between their native language and the language they are learning can affect how they perceive the sounds of the new language. How learners perceive these acoustic properties will directly affect their ability to communicate. According to the Perceptual Assimilation Model (PAM) (Best 1995), learners will perceive the sounds of a language that is new to them based on how similar or different the sounds are from the learner’s native language. Between the English and Spanish language, there are some sounds that share acoustic properties and others that show contrast. Such is the case with the stop consonants /p/, /t/, /k/, /b/, /d/, and /g/. These consonants exist in both Spanish and English, and though they are similar, there are important differences in how they should be perceived and produced. Despite the differences, these sounds are likely to be confused by L2 learners due to similarity in acoustic cues. This study will use Best’s Perceptual Assimilation Model (PAM) as a framework. It will test the L2 perception of native English-speaking adults who are L2 learners of Spanish, have spent between 18 and 24 months speaking the target language as Latter-day Saint (LDS or Mormon) missionaries in the United States, and who are also currently university students enrolled in an upper-level Spanish course. It will focus on their perception of the acoustic cue of Voice Onset Time (VOT) of stop consonants.
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Le, Jenny, and Hosseini Mahtab Fattah. "Variabilitet i voice onset time : En studie av svenska femåringars initiala klusilproduktioner." Thesis, Linköpings universitet, Logopedi, 2013. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-91245.
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Voice onset time (VOT) är en akustisk tidsparameter som återspeglar den talmotoriska samordningen. VOT betraktas även vara det mest tillförlitliga sättet att särskilja mellan tonande och tonlösa klusiler. VOT hos barn har tidigare studerats i logopediuppsatser vid Linköpings universitet (Lundeborg et al., 2012; Larsson & Wiman, 2011). I dessa arbeten har dock inga upprepade mätningar gjorts, varför det föreligger behov att fastställa hur konsistent barns VOT är. Denna studie syftar till att undersöka hur konsistent klusilproduktionen är hos svenska barn i femårsåldern, samt utreda förekomsten av eventuella könskillnader. I studien medverkade 31 barn, 13 flickor och 18 pojkar där medelåldern var 5:6 år. Barnen fick benämna bilder av minimala par med klusilord tre gånger. Samtliga testningar ljudinspelades. Inspelningarna analyserades därefter. Resultaten visade att barnen var förhållandevis konsekventa i VOT-värden vid de flesta klusilproduktionerna, variabilitet förekom mellan specifika klusilproduktionsomgångar. Bland de barn som hade förton vid produktionen av tonande klusiler noterades variabilitet i såväl förekomst som värde. Inga statistiskt signifikanta könsskillnader noterades.
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Wong, Ching-yin Juliana. "Voice onset time (VOT) characteristics of esophageal, tracheoesophageal and laryngeal speech of Cantonese." Click to view the E-thesis via HKU Scholars Hub, 2007. http://lookup.lib.hku.hk/lookup/bib/B42006119.
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Thesis (B.Sc)--University of Hong Kong, 2007."A dissertation submitted in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the Bachelor of Science (Speech and Hearing Sciences), The University of Hong Kong, June 30, 2007." Includes bibliographical references (p. 29-33). Also available in print.
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Han, JiHye M. S. "Cortical Temporal Processing in Cochlear Implant Users: Amplitude Modulation and Voice Onset Time." University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2014. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1397234498.
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Banov, Ivan K. "The Production of Voice Onset Time in Voiceless Stops by Spanish-English Natural Bilinguals." BYU ScholarsArchive, 2014. https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/etd/4340.
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This study analyzes the production of Voice Onset Time (VOT) of natural Spanish-English bilinguals. VOT is a linguistic characteristic that measures the amount of aspiration occurring after the release of a stop consonant. In terms of VOT, English stop consonants differ substantially from their Spanish equivalents. This study analyzes whether or not natural bilinguals produce VOTs that approximate VOTs of monolingual speakers of each language. Participants completed two surveys to quantify their linguistic dominance in English and Spanish. They were then recorded performing similar speaking tasks in both languages. The conclusions show that natural bilinguals do not produce their English or Spanish VOTs within the monolingual norms defined in previous studies. If conclusions were to be drawn solely from this data, then the participants would theoretically have no monolingual-like language production of VOT. There is also no correlation between language dominance scores and production of VOT. These results support the conclusion that a natural bilingual is not the equivalent of two natural monolingual speakers. Significant correlations exist between VOT production and gender, age of learning English, and amount of time spent watching TV in each language. Another interesting conclusion is that many of the participants score more Spanish-dominant when a survey is given in Spanish and more English-dominant when the very same survey is given in English. This shows that even the language of a survey may skew responses slightly.
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Al, Malwi Ibrahim M. "The effects of gender and age on voice onset time by Abah Arabic speakers." Thesis, California State University, Long Beach, 2017. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=10252690.
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This study set out to explore and investigate the effects of age and gender on Voice Onset Time (VOT) in Abha Arabic dialect. VOT is "the time interval between the burst that makes the release of the stop closure and the onset of periodicity that reflects laryngeal vibration" (Lisker and Abrahamson, 1964, p.422). Three research questions were asked: (1) what are the normative patterns for VOTs by children and adults in Abha dialect? (2) Are there any gender or age differences in the productions of VOTs by native Abha Arabic dialect speakers? (3) At what age do children fully acquire VOTs that are similar to those of adults in Abha dialect? Thirty-eight subjects were recruited including children and adults from both genders, who were asked to complete a picture-naming task. The results revealed that the plosives in Abha Arabic utilize three conditions of VOTs depending on their voicing and emphasis. Whereas the voiced plosives are produced with lead voicing, the voiceless plosives are produced with long-lag. The emphatic stop is produced with short-lag. Also, the results showed that age and gender affected that can affect the VOTs significantly. Lastly, the results indicated that children achieved adult-like VOTs at age 10 to 12 years old.
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Lee, Oi-yee Cindy. "A study of voice onset time in word-initial stop consonants by Cantonese-speaking children." Click to view the E-thesis via HKUTO, 1997. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record/B36209491.
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Thesis (B.Sc)--University of Hong Kong, 1997."A dissertation submitted in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the Bachelor of Science (Speech and Hearing Sciences), The University of Hong Kong, April 30, 1997." Also available in print.
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Ricklefs, Theodor, and Lovisa Tunedal. "Perceptuell bedömning av barns avvikande klusilproduktion : Hur tolkas klusilord med avvikande voice onset time av vuxna naiva lyssnare?" Thesis, Linköpings universitet, Logopedi, 2013. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-90492.
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Voice onset time, VOT, är en akustisk tidsparameter som anses återspegla talmotorisk kontroll. VOT är den mest pålitliga akustiska parametern för att särskilja tonande och tonlösa klusiler. I tidigare studier har VOT-värden för svenska barn uppmätts. Det har visat sig att barn med fonologisk språkstörning har avvikande VOT jämfört med typiskt utvecklade barn. Dock saknas undersökningar av hur lyssnare tolkar klusilord med avvikande VOT. Syftet med föreliggande studie är att undersöka hur klusilproduktioner med avvikande VOT-värden uppfattas av vuxna personer utan särskilda kunskaper om barns tal och språk. 34 personer (19 män och 15 kvinnor) i åldrarna 22-60 år bedömde 102 ordproduktioner med avvikande VOT-värden av barn i åldrarna 4:0 till 11:12 år. Deltagarna identifierade i genomsnitt 79 % av ordproduktionerna korrekt. Ord med avvikande kort VOT gav en något högre felsvarsfrekvens än ord med avvikande lång VOT. I regel uppfattades ord med avvikande lång VOT som tonlösa, medan ord med avvikande kort VOT uppfattades som tonande. Inga ålders- eller könsskillnader påträffades. Resultaten visar att VOT inte är den enda avgörande faktorn för huruvida en klusil uppfattas som tonande eller tonlös; andra faktorer spelar också in.
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Burnett-Deas, Andrea. "VOT OF EJECTIVES, IMPLOSIVES, AND PLAIN STOPS IN YUKATEKO, MOPAN, AND ITZAJ MAYA." Available to subscribers only, 2009. http://proquest.umi.com/pqdweb?did=1967963271&sid=7&Fmt=2&clientId=1509&RQT=309&VName=PQD.
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Jesry, Mohammad Maher. "Some cognitively controlled coarticulatory effects in Arabic and English, with particular reference to voice onset time." Thesis, University of Essex, 1996. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.309771.
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Bourdeau, Laura. "Categorical Perception of Stop Consonants in Children with Autism." Master's thesis, University of Central Florida, 2009. http://digital.library.ucf.edu/cdm/ref/collection/ETD/id/2092.
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The purpose of this study is to determine whether children with autism recognize the same perceptual voicing boundaries of stop consonants as normally developing children of the same age group. This was explored using three groups of participants: ten children with autism between the ages of 8-14, five typically developing children between the ages of 8-14, and five typically developing seven-year-old children. Children in all groups listened to initial stop consonant syllables with voicing contrasts, with voiced and voiceless cognates presented. The initial consonants were altered along a voice onset time continuum within the typically perceived boundaries of each consonant. Participants were instructed to select the box containing the letter of the initial consonant they perceive when they hear each syllable. Results revealed greater difference between the responses of the children with autism when compared with the older control group, than when compared with the younger children. The responses of the children with autism were more similar to those of the children in the second control group. This could be indicative of a delay in the children with autism of perception of the categorical boundaries along the dimension of voice onset time compared to typical children‟s perception of these consonants.M.A.
Department of Communication Sciences and Disorders
Health and Public Affairs
Comm Sciences & Disorders MA
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Casillas, Joseph Vincent, and Joseph Vincent Casillas. "The Longitudinal Development of Fine Phonetic Detail in Late Learners of Spanish." Diss., The University of Arizona, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/621021.
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The present investigation analyzed early second language (L2) learning in adults. A common finding regarding L2 acquisition is that early learning appears to be necessary in order to perform on the same level as a native speaker. Surprisingly, many current theoretical models posit that the human ability to learn novel speech sounds remains active throughout the lifespan. In light of this fact, this project examines L2 acquisition in late learners with a special focus on L1/L2 use, input, and context of learning. Research regarding L1/L2 use has tended to be observational, and throughout the previous six decades of L2 research the role of input has been minimized and left largely unexplained. This study includes two production experiments and two perception experiments and focuses on the role of L1/L2 use and input in L2 acquisition in late learners in order to add to current research regarding their role in accurately and efficiently acquiring a novel speech sound. Moreover, this research is concerned with shedding light on when, if at all, during the acquisition process late learners begin to acquire a new, language-specific phonetic system, and the amount of exposure necessary in order to acquire L2 fine-phonetic detail. The experimental design presented in the present study also aims to shed light on the temporal relationship between production and perception with regard to category formation. To begin to fully understand these issues, the present study proposes a battery of tasks which were administered throughout the course of a domestic immersion program. Domestic immersion provides an understudied linguistic context in which L1 use is minimized, target language use is maximized, and L2 input is abundant. The results suggest that L2 phonetic category formation occurs at an early stage of development, and is perceptually driven. Moreover, early L2 representations are fragile, and especially susceptible to cross-language interference. Together, the studies undertaken for this work add to our understanding of the initial stages of the acquisition of L2 phonology in adult learners.
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MOTTA-AVILA, Camila. "A formalização fonético-fonológica da percepção de plosivas surdas sob múltiplas manipulações de voice onset time (VOT) por brasileiros e americanos à luz do modelo "Bhipon"." Universidade Catolica de Pelotas, 2017. http://tede.ucpel.edu.br:8080/jspui/handle/jspui/722.
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This Master’s Dissertation had as its main goal analyzing and formalizing how Brazilian learners of English language (L2) and Americans identify and discriminate the voicing patterns for plosive consonants under artificial manipulation in English monossilabic words. Americans normally follow the acoustic cue Voice Onset Time (VOT) to differentiate voiced plosives from voiceless ones. The VOT is measured in milisseconds and can be classified into three different categories (LISKER & ABRAMSON, 1964): negative VOT (for /b/, /d/ and /g/ in Portuguese); short-lag VOT (for /p/, /t/, /k/ in Portuguese and /b/, /d/, /g/ in English) and long-lag or positive VOT (for [ph], [th], [kh] in English). Previous studies (ALVES, BARATZ e MOTTA, 2012; SCHWARTZHAUPT, ALVES &FONTES, 2015; ALVES & MOTTA, 2014; MOTTA, 2014; ALVES & ZIMMER, 2015) demonstrated that the manipulation of VOT can result into different types of perceptual behaviour, depending on the group analyzed: Americans tend to follow this cue to attribute voicing patterns to consonants, while Brazilians tend to follow the voicing patters stablished for their L1. In order to analyze the perception in L2, this Dissertation was based on Speech Learning Model (SLM) – (FLEGE, 1995) and Perceptual Assimilation Model – L2 (PAM-L2) – (BEST e TYLER, 2007) studies. To investigate how perception was processed in Americans, explanations in Kent and Read (2015), Gussenhoven and Jacobs (2004), Matzenauer (2015) and Boersma, Escudero and Hayes (2003) were found. The method consisted of two perceptual tests: (a) Identification Test, (b) Discrimination Test. Both tests were designed with artificially manipulated stimuli. The types (pee, pit, tick, tip, kit, kill) were CVC (where V was a high vowel /ɪ/ or /i/). Each one of them was multiply manipulated, generating five tokens from one original type. This manipulation was gradually performed, in 25% layers, aiming to achieve the zero artificial VOT pattern. The Identification Test was designed with 60 target words and 12 distractors, resulting in 72 tokens per participant. The Discrimination Test was designed with 36 target trials and 9 catch-trials, in a total of 45 trials per participant. To summarize, results show that Americans can be considered to be more perceptually sensitive to the multiple VOT manipulation than Brazilians, who normally tend to follow their L1 way of attributing voicing patterns to plosives, regardless their proficiency level in English (basic, intermediate or advanced). In addition, different phonetic tresholds were found in each analyzed group and in each place of articulation observed (bilabial, alveolar, velar). Finally, this study tries to offer a formalization for perceptual grammars in each group, based on Bi-directional Phonology OT Model (BiPhon). It is expected that this study, its detailed data description and theoretical observations can contribute to and makefurther academic studies possible.
Esta Dissertação de Mestrado teve como principal objetivo analisar e formalizar de que forma brasileiros aprendizes de inglês (L2) e americanos identificam e discriminam o vozeamento das consoantes plosivas iniciais da língua inglesa sob múltiplas manipulações em palavras monossilábicas. Na língua inglesa, para a diferenciação de vozeamento, tem-se como principal pista acústica a aspiração, que pode ser medida a partir dos valores de Voice Onset Time (VOT). O VOT é medido em milissegundos e pode ser classificado em 3 diferentes padrões (LISKER & ABRAMSON, 1964): VOT NEGATIVO (que se realiza foneticamente em português em /b/, /d/ e /g/); VOT ZERO, (que se realiza como /p/, /t/ e /k/ no português e /b/, /d/ e /g/ no inglês) e o VOT POSITIVO (encontrado em [ph], [th] e [kh] no inglês). Estudos anteriores (ALVES, BARATZ e MOTTA, 2012; SCHWARTZHAUPT, ALVES &FONTES, 2015; ALVES & MOTTA, 2014; MOTTA, 2014; ALVES & ZIMMER, 2015) demonstraram que a manipulação da pista acústica VOT resulta em comportamentos perceptuais diferenciados de acordo com a natureza do participante: americanos tendem a seguir a pista acústica em questão ao atribuir ou não vozeamento para as consoantes plosivas, ao passo que os brasileiros continuam a seguir os padrões de vozeamento previstos para a sua L1. Para dar conta da percepção em inglês como L2, este trabalho fundamentou-se, basicamente, nos modelos perceptuais Speech Learning Model (SLM) – (FLEGE, 1995) e Perceptual Assimilation Model – L2 (PAM-L2) – (BEST e TYLER, 2007). Para analisar a percepção dos participantes americanos, buscaram-se explicações em Kent e Read (2015), Gussenhoven e Jacobs (2004), Matzenauer (2015) e Boersma, Escudero e Hayes (2003). O método aplicado neste estudo consistiu em dois testes de percepção: (a) Teste de Identificação, (b) Teste de Discriminação. Ambos foram montados com estímulos de palavras monossilábicas da língua inglesa (CVC), sendo V /ɪ/ ou /i/. Cada type (pee, pit, tick, tip, kit, kill) passou por manipulação múltipla da pista acústica VOT, gerando 5 tokens cada um. Tal manipulação se deu de forma gradual em camadas de 25%, objetivando-se alcançar o padrão de VOT zero artificial. O design do Teste de Identificação contou com 60 palavras-alvo e 12 distratoras, somando um total de 72 tokens por participante. O design do Teste de Discriminação, que teve por objetivo contrastar diferentes camadas de VOT entre si, contou com 36 tríades do tipo AxB e 9 catch-trials, somando 45 tríades por participante. Sucintamente, os resultados apresentados demonstraram que os participantes americanos são mais sensíveis ao corte da pista acústica VOT do que os participantes brasileiros, independentemente do nível de proficiência em língua inglesa (básico, intermediário e avançado). Além disso, limiares fonéticos distintos foram encontrados em cada um dos grupos analisados e em cada ponto de articulação observado (bilabial, alveolar, velar). Finalmente, propôs-se uma formalização da percepção de ambos os grupos para cada consoante analisada baseando-se no Modelo de OT Bidirecional (BiPhon), proposto por Boersma (2009) e Boersma e Hamman (2011). Espera-se, com este estudo, que a descrição detalhada dos dados e a reflexão teórica possam contribuir à Academia e possibilitar estudos futuros.
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Kupske, Felipe Flores. "Imigração, atrito e complexidade : a produção das oclusivas surdas iniciais do inglês e do português por sul-brasileiros residentes em Londres." reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRGS, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10183/134301.
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A pesquisa em Atrito linguístico de L1 tem testemunhado um desenvolvimento desde os anos 80. No entanto, ainda são poucos os estudos acerca do português brasileiro (PB) e imigrantes brasileiros em comunidades de L2 dominante. Assim, partindo de uma visão da linguagem como um Sistema Adaptativo Complexo (CAS) (e.g., LARSENFREEMAN; CAMERON, 2008; BECKNER et al. 2009;. MERCER, 2013), este estudo investigou a produção das plosivas surdas do PB-L1 e do Standard Southern British English-L2 (SSBE) por imigrantes adultos do Sul do Brasil residentes em Londres, testando os efeitos dos primeiros dez anos (tempo de residência - LOR) na comunidade britânica. Usando um desenho transversal, este estudo explorou a produção de plosivas surdas em posição inicial de palavra de trinta e dois participantes, com idades entre 18-40: imigrantes brasileiros que viviam em Londres durante períodos de tempo variados (chegada no Reino Unido com idade > 18 anos), monolíngues do SSBE e monolíngues do BP. Os alvos do BP /p/, /t/ e /k/ foram apresentados na frase-veículo “Eu Diria _______”. Os alvos para o SSBE foram apresentados na frase “I would say_______”. Os alvos em posição inicial de palavra foram gravados aleatoriamente três vezes por cada participantes. Para a produção SSBE-L2, os resultados mostraram que falantes com um LOR entre zero e três anos diferem dos controles SSBE (p <0,05) para todas as três plosivas surdas inglês britânico. Imigrantes com um LOR entre quatro e sete anos também diferem dos controles (p<0,05) para [p] e [t], mas não divergem para [k] (p>0,05). Aqueles que residem em Londres entre oito e onze anos não apresentaram diferenças em relação aos monolíngues do inglês britânico (p>0,05), e apresentaram os maiores valores médios de VOT. Em relação à produção do VOT para o PB-L1, a produção dos participantes com o menor período de tempo em Londres não era diferente da dos monolíngues do PB. Por outro lado, imigrantes com um LOR entre quatro e sete anos produziram valores de VOT diferentes dos produzidos pelos controles para [t] e [k], apresentando valores médios mais elevados (p <0,001), mas não para a [p] (p>0,05). Finalmente, os imigrantes que eram residentes em Londres entre oito e onze anos revelaram diferenças em relação aos controles do PB, apresentando os maiores valores de VOT (p <0,001) para todos os sons plosivos considerados. Esses resultados fornecem evidência para o atrito linguístico de L1 enfrentado pelos falantes nativos do PB (shortlag VOT) imersos em uma comunidade de L2 dominante (long-lag VOT), bem como para o efeito de LOR, já que os valores de VOT tendem a aumentar em função do tempo de residência. Esses dados confirmam, como previsto por uma visão da linguagem como um CAS, que o sistema de L1 não é rígido e pode mudar durante o tempo de vida de um falante. Nossos resultados sugerem que as línguas naturais dependem de uma variedade de agentes, além de serem adaptativas e sujeitas a constantes mudanças.The study of L1 attrition has witnessed some development since the 1980s; however, there are still few studies on Brazilian Portuguese (BP) and on Brazilian immigrants in L2-dominant communities. Thus, departing from a view of language as a Complex, Adaptive System (CAS) (e.g. LARSEN-FREEMAN; CAMERON, 2008; BECKNER et al., 2009; MERCER, 2013), this study investigated the production of BP-L1 and Standard Southern British English-L2 (SSBE) voiceless plosives by Southern Brazilian adult immigrants in London, testing the effects of the first ten years (length of residence - LOR) in the British community. Using a cross-sectional design, this study explored the production of voiceless plosives in word initial position by thirty-two participants, aged 18-40: Brazilian immigrants that had been living in London for differing lengths of time (arrival in UK aged > 18 years), monolingual SSBE controls, and monolingual BP controls. BP target sounds /p/, /t/ and /k/ were presented in the carrier sentence Eu diria _______. SSBE targets were presented in the sentence I would say_______. Targets were elicited in word-initial position, and were randomly recorded three times by the participants. For SSBE-L2 production, the results showed that speakers with a LOR between zero and three years differ from the SSBE controls (p<.05) for all three voiceless British English plosives. Immigrants with a LOR between four and seven years differ from the controls (p<.05) for [p] and [t], but do not diverge from them for [k] (p>.05). Those residing in London between eight and eleven years do not present differences from the British English monolinguals (p.>05), and presented the highest mean values. With regard to BP-L1 VOT production, the production by participants with a shorter period of time in London was not different from the BP monolingual controls. On the other hand, immigrants with a LOR between four and seven years yielded different VOT values from those produced by the controls for [t] and [k], presenting higher mean values (p<.001), but not for [p] (p>.05). Finally, immigrants that had been residing in London between eight and eleven years revealed differences from the BP controls, presenting the highest VOT values (p<.001) for all the plosives. These findings provide evidence for first language attrition faced by short-lag VOT speakers immersed in long-lag VOT L2- dominant communities, as well as for the effect of LOR, as values tend to increase through time. These data confirm, as predicted by a view of language as a CAS, that the L1 system is not rigid and might change during the life span. Our results suggest that language depends on a variety of agents and is also adaptive, being subject to constant change.
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Hellewell, Jaden D. "Neurophysiologic and Behavioral Measures of Phonetic Perception in Adult Second Language Speakers of Spanish." Diss., CLICK HERE for online access, 2007. http://contentdm.lib.byu.edu/ETD/image/etd1692.pdf.
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Schwartzhaupt, Bruno Moraes. "Testing intelligibility in english : the effects of positive vot and contextual information in a sentence transcription task." reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRGS, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10183/131639.
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O presente estudo buscou investigar os efeitos do VOT Positivo (com ou sem informação contextual) na inteligibilidade de sentenças curtas em Inglês, produzidas por brasileiros, por parte de falantes nativos de Inglês Americano (6) e aprendizes proficientes de Inglês (12). Esses 18 participantes transcreveram sentenças com e sem informação contextual, produzidas com plosivas-alvo sonoras, surdas sem aspiração e surdas com aspiração. Cada participante transcreveu 112 sentenças através do software E-Prime 2.0 (SCHNEIDER, ESCHMAN & ZUCCOLOTTO, 2012) com um tempo-limite para respostas de 20 segundos. Os dados obtidos através da tarefa foram analisados objetivamente, dividindo as transcrições em categorias binárias “correta” (alto grau de inteligibilidade/inteligibilidade plena) e “incorreta” (baixo grau de inteligibilidade/inteligibilidade praticamente inexistente). Em geral, os níveis de acuidade não variaram consideravelmente entre os 18 participantes, embora possamos dizer que falantes nativos de Inglês Americano tiveram desempenho relativamente melhor. A análise das transcrições sugere que, enquanto é possível que fatores externos às variáveis controladas por este estudo tenham tido papel fundamental no desempenho dos participantes, a informação contextual talvez tenha remediado a falta do VOT Positivo como uma pista para atingir inteligibilidade.The present study aimed to investigate the effects of Positive VOT (with or without contextual information) on the intelligibility of short English sentences produced by Brazilians to native speakers of American English (6) and proficient Brazilian learners (12). These 18 participants transcribed sentences produced with voiceless unaspirated and voiceless aspirated stop segments, with and without contextual information. Each participant transcribed 112 sentences through software E-Prime 2.0 (SCHNEIDER, ESCHMAN & ZUCCOLOTTO, 2012) with a response-time limit of 20 seconds. The data obtained from the task was analyzed objectively, assigning transcriptions to binary accurate (high intelligibility) or inaccurate (low-to-no intelligibility) categories. Overall, accuracy levels did not vary considerably amongst the 18 participants, although it can be said that native speakers of American English performed slightly better. The analysis of the transcriptions suggests that, while factors external to the variables controlled by this study might have played fundamental roles in the overall performance of the task, contextual information may possibly have remedied the absence of Positive VOT as a cue for achieving sentence intelligibility.
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Ekelund, Martin. "Aspiration in Japanese Speakers' English : A study of the acquisition of new phonetic categories in a second language." Thesis, Stockholms universitet, Engelska institutionen, 2011. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:su:diva-58417.
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This study aims to explore if it is possible to form separate categories of aspirated voiceless stops in a second language, distinct from the equivalent categories in the native language, for native speakers of a language with an intermediate degree of aspiration, and if such category formation is eased by long-term exposure to another language in which aspirated voiceless stops exist. Two groups of adult native Japanese speakers who had lived in Sweden for a long and short time respectively were recorded when reading a list of sentences containing word-initial, utterance-medial /p t k/ in Japanese and English. Both groups produced higher VOT values for the English stops than for the Japanese stops. The results were significant for /t/ and /k/ and for the long-term residents' /p/, but not for the short-term residents' /p/, presumably because of a low number of tokens. The results are nevertheless interpreted as evident of the possibility of phonetic category formation even though there is only a small difference from the corresponding category in the native language. Since both groups had established new phonetic categories, degree of exposure to Swedish is interpreted as likely not to be a relevant factor.
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Elangovan, Saravanan, and Andrew Stuart. "A Cross-Linguistic Examination of Cortical Auditory Evoked Potentials for a Categorical Voicing Contrast." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2011. https://dc.etsu.edu/etsu-works/1552.
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Behavioral perceptions and cortical auditory evoked potentials (CAEPs) from native English (N=10) and Spanish speakers (N=10) were recorded for speech stimuli that constitute phonetically relevant categories of voicing. The stimuli were synthesized bilabial stop consonant-vowel syllables in a continuum ranging from/ba/to/pa/that varied in voice onset time (VOT) from 0 to 60ms. Different behavioral perceptions were evidenced by significantly different categorical phonetic boundaries between the two groups (p.05). Peak P1, N1, and P2 response latencies and P1–N1 and N1–P2 amplitudes increased significantly with increasing VOTs (p
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Bandeira, Marta Helena Tessmann. "Diferenças entre crianças monolíngues e multilíngues no desempenho de tarefas de funções executivas e na transferência de padrões de VOT (Voice Onset Time) entre as plosivas surdas do pomerano, do português e do inglês." Universidade Catolica de Pelotas, 2010. http://tede.ucpel.edu.br:8080/jspui/handle/tede/106.
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Previous issue date: 2010-03-23Arroio do Padre - RS was colonized by German and Pomeranians immigrants and is characterized as a geographic region relatively limited, which contributes to the inhabitants of the city to continue using the daily Pomeranian and / or German as their first language, a fact that gives rise to the bi and multilingualism. A multilingual person is defined as someone who can communicate in three or more languages with some degree of proficiency (Bialystok, 2001). The objectives of this study are: 1) examine the differences in the patterns of VOT in voiceless consonants of English produced by monolingual and multilingual children, attending the third grade in a municipal school in Arroio do Padre learning the English language in relation to the role of language Native (PB & Pomeranian, respectively), 2) compare the performance in executive functions (inhibitory control and attention) of mono- and multilingual children in accuracy and reaction time of a non-verbal task (Simon task) 3 ) to verify the performance differences in executive functions (inhibitory control and attention) between mono-and multilingual children in the accuracy and reaction time of a verbal task (Stroop test). To achieve the first objective, we used a tool for storytelling, in three languages (Portuguese, Pomerania and English), together with a game that would elicit the production of target words initiated by plosive voiceless. These words were recorded in studio and acoustically analyzed for the average VOT produced were compared. There was great difference between the averages for monolingual and multilingual production of plosives in English, indicating strong influence from the first language of the participants in the production of aspirated stops of English as L3 (in the case of bi / multilingual) and as L2 (in the case of monolingual). To test the executive functions, the same group of participants (20 monolingual and bilingual 20) underwent the Simon task and the Stroop test. We analyzed the results of reaction time and accuracy on each task, and found significant differences in all conditions of the two tests of the accuracy, and in most conditions, when measured reaction time. The results, which suggest that people develop the multi-processing related to executive functions faster and with higher levels of accuracy than monolingual, are discussed in light of the inhibitory control model (Green, 1998) and the theory of dynamical systems
O município de Arroio do Padre RS foi colonizado por imigrantes pomeranos e alemães e caracteriza-se como uma região geográfica de acesso relativamente limitado, fato que contribui para que os habitantes desse município continuem usando cotidianamente o pomerano e/ou o alemão como sua primeira língua, fato que enseja o bi e o multilinguismo. Define-se multilíngue como alguém capaz de se comunicar em três ou mais línguas com certo grau de proficiência (BIALYSTOK, 2001). Este trabalho investiga diferenças entre multi e monolíngues em tarefas envolvendo a produção de plosivas surdas de três línguas e funções executivas verbais e não verbais. Assim, os objetivos são: 1) analisar as diferenças relativas aos padrões de VOT em plosivas surdas do inglês produzidas por crianças monolíngues e multilíngues, cursando a terceira série numa escola municipal de Arroio do Padre aprendendo a língua inglesa, em relação ao papel da língua materna (PB e pomerano, respectivamente); 2) comparar o desempenho, em funções executivas (controle inibitório e atenção), de crianças mono e multilíngues, na acurácia e no tempo de reação de uma tarefa não verbal (tarefa de Simon); 3) verificar as diferenças de desempenho em funções executivas (controle inibitório e atenção) entre crianças mono e multilíngues na acurácia e no tempo de reação de uma tarefa verbal (Stroop test). Para a consecução do primeiro objetivo, foi utilizado um instrumento de contação de histórias, em três línguas (português, pomerano e inglês), acompanhado de um jogo que eliciava a produção de palavras-alvo iniciadas pelas consoantes plosivas surdas. Essas palavras foram gravadas em estúdio e analisadas acusticamente para que as médias de VOT produzidas fossem comparadas. Houve grande diferença entre as médias obtidas por multilíngues e monolíngues na produção de plosivas do inglês, apontando grande influência da primeira língua dos participantes na produção das oclusivas aspiradas do inglês como L3 (no caso dos bi/multilíngues) e como L2 (no caso dos monolíngues). Para testar as funções executivas, o mesmo grupo de participantes (20 monolíngues e 20 bilíngues) foi submetido à tarefa de Simon e ao teste de Stroop. Foram analisados os resultados do tempo de reação e acurácia em cada uma das tarefas, e encontraram-se diferenças significativas, em todas as condições dos dois testes relativas à acurácia, e na maioria das condições, quando se mediu tempo de reação. O resultados, que sugerem que pessoas multilíngues desenvolvem os processamentos ligados às funções executivas mais rapidamente e com níveis maiores de acurácia do que monolíngues, são discutidos à luz do modelo de Controle Inibitório (GREEN, 1998) e da Teoria dos Sistemas Dinâmicos
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Bjarnason, Erin Suzanne. "The Effects of Deep Brain Stimulation on the Speech of Patients with Parkinson's Disease." BYU ScholarsArchive, 2008. https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/etd/1324.
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Deep brain stimulation (DBS) of the subthalamic nucleus (STN) has received more attention in recent years as a treatment option for regulating the symptoms of Parkinson's disease. Previous studies of DBS documented consistent improvements in motor function but more variability in speech outcomes. In the present study, six participants diagnosed with idiopathic Parkinson's disease who reported worsened speech with stimulation were recorded performing speech acoustic tasks with the stimulators on, and again with the stimulators off. Improvements were noted for most participants in measurements of formant slopes, long term average spectrum (LTAS) of a sustained vowel, and spirantization with stimulation on. Stimulation negatively affected most participants' vowel space area, verbal fluency, sequential motion rate, and LTAS while reading and describing a picture. Measures of stop gap duration, alternating motion rate, and voice onset time were within normal limits for most participants across both stimulation conditions.
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Perkins, Rosalie. "PHONETIC AND ACOUSTIC ANALYSES OF TWO NEW CASES OF FOREIGN ACCENT SYNDROME." Master's thesis, University of Central Florida, 2007. http://digital.library.ucf.edu/cdm/ref/collection/ETD/id/4183.
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This study presents detailed phonetic and acoustic analyses of the speech characteristics of two new cases of Foreign Accent Syndrome (FAS). Participants include a 48-year-old female who began speaking with an "Eastern European" accent following a traumatic brain injury, and a 45-year-old male who presented with a "British" accent following a subcortical cerebral vascular accident (CVA). Identical samples of the participants' pre- and post-morbid speech were obtained, thus affording a new level of control in the study of Foreign Accent Syndrome. The speech tasks consisted of oral readings of the Grandfather Passage and 18 real words comprised of the stop consonants /p/, /t/, /k/, /b/, /d/, /g/ combined with the peripheral vowels /i/, /a/ and /u/ and ending in a voiceless stop. Computer-based acoustic measures included: 1) voice onset time (VOT), 2) vowel durations, 3) whole word durations, 4) first, second and third formant frequencies, and 5) fundamental frequency. Formant frequencies were measured at three points in the vowel duration: a) 20%, b) 50%, and c) 80% to assess differences in vowel 'onglides' and 'offglides'. The phonetic analysis provided perceptual identification of the major phonetic features associated with the foreign quality of participant's FAS speech, while acoustic measures allowed precise quantification of these features. Results indicated evidence of backing of consonant and vowel productions for both participants. The implications for future research and clinical applications are also considered.M.A.
Department of Communication Sciences and Disorders
Health and Public Affairs
Comm Sciences & Disorders MA
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Stölten, Katrin. "The Effects of Age of Onset on VOT in L2 Aquisition and L1 Attrition : A Study of the Speech Production and Perception of Advanced Spanish-Swedish Bilinguals." Doctoral thesis, Stockholms universitet, Centrum för tvåspråkighetsforskning, 2013. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:su:diva-94887.
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This thesis explores the role of age in second language (L2) acquisition and first language (L1) attrition. The focus is on Voice Onset Time (VOT) in the production and categorical perception of word-initial L1 and L2 stops in highly advanced L1 Spanish learners of L2 Swedish. Using as the point of departure a maturational constraints perspective and the Critical Period Hypothesis (CPH), Study I examines the impact of age of onset (AO) of L2 acquisition on the production of L2 Swedish voiceless stops. The results show that there are AO effects even in the speech of highly advanced L2 learners and that the incidence of nativelike L2 learners is considerably lower than earlier assumed. However, conclusions like these are only possible when speaking rate is accounted for, thereby highlighting the importance of speaking rate effects on VOT as a measure of nativelikeness. Like Study I, Study II reveals age effects on the same L2 learners’ categorical perceptions of L2 Swedish stops. Moreover, after combining the results with the data from Study I, the incidence of nativelike behavior drops remarkably with no late L2 learner performing within the range of native-speaker production and perception. The results suggest that L2 acquisition of phonetic/phonological aspects is especially sensitive to AO effects. It is concluded that theories on maturational constraints, including the CPH, cannot be refuted on the basis of the present data. Study III concerns the same participants’ production and perception of L1 Spanish stops. Age of reduced contact (ARC) is identified as an important predictor for L1 attrition and retention of voiceless stop production, although not of stop perception. This discrepancy is related to different activation thresholds as proposed by the Activation Threshold Hypothesis (ATH). It is further suggested that early bilinguals are more dependent on high-frequency L1 use than late bilinguals when compensating for age effects, but only in production.At the time of doctoral defence the following papers were unpublished and had a status as follows: Paper 1: Accepted. Paper 2: In press. Paper 3: Manuscript.
Age of onset and ultimate attainment in second language acquisition, The Bank of Sweden Tercentenary Foundation, grant no. 1999-0383:01
First language attrition in advanced second language speakers, Swedish Research Council, grant no. 421-2004-1975
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Sigurjónsson, Pétur Már. "Pre-aspiration and Plosives in Icelandic English." Thesis, Stockholms universitet, Engelska institutionen, 2015. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:su:diva-126015.
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For this study, two groups of native Icelandic speakers were compared in terms of the acoustic properties of their English pronunciation of two phonetic phenomena, plosives and pre-aspiration. In English, plosives with the same manner and place of articulation are distinguished by means of a voicing contrast, whereas in Icelandic, plosives are distinguished by means of an aspiration contrast. This study examines whether participants exhibit interlanguage features in their plosive contrasts in English, substituting unaspirated voiceless plosives for voiced counterparts. Furthermore, this study looks at pre-aspiration, a phonetic feature of Icelandic, characterized by glottal friction following a short vowel preceding a fortis plosive (VhC). Pre-aspiration is not a feature of standard English varieties such as general American (GA) or received pronunciation (RP), and as such this study examines whether participants retain pre-aspiration in their English pronunciation or not. Participants numbered 16 in total, and were all L1 speakers of Icelandic, with eight in each group, four male and four female. The groups were divided by means of age differences, with the first group consisting of participants aged 20-26, and the second group of participants aged 44-50. Participants were asked to partake in a short informal interview, to read a short written passage, and to read a word list. The interview and readings were recorded and analysed using spectrograms and waveforms, and subsequently compared with English and Icelandic reference values for voice onset time (VOT), which vary between the two languages, and pre-aspiration duration in Icelandic. The two groups were also compared to determine whether there were any lingering differences between them. The conclusions drawn are that VOT in English and Icelandic may be more similar than assumed, and that participants shorten pre-aspiration duration or neutralize pre-aspiration when speaking English. However, the English production of the features are more similar to Icelandic than English. Furthermore, the results do not indicate any differences between the two age groups in terms of English pronunciation.
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Kong, Eun Jong. "The Development of Phonation-type Contrasts in Plosives: Cross-linguistic Perspectives." Columbus, Ohio : Ohio State University, 2009. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view.cgi?acc%5Fnum=osu1245380585.
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Bedard-Giraud, Kimberly. "Troubles du traitement de la parole chez le dyslexique adulte." Toulouse 3, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007TOU30334.
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Les troubles du traitement de la parole peuvent jouer un rôle causal dans certains cas de dyslexie. Cette recherche porte sur le traitement auditif de consonnes occlusives chez le dyslexique adulte. Dans la première étude [décours temporel des Potentiels Evoqués Auditifs (PEAs)], nous analysons le traitement cortical des indices temporels constituant le "Voice Onset Time" de consonnes voisées et non-voisées. On constate deux profils atypiques: (i) "PEA Pattern I": traitement différentiel sur la base d'indices temporels, mais avec plus de composantes et des délais; (ii) "PEA Pattern II": absence de traitement différentiel sur la base d'indices temporels. Dans la deuxième étude [modélisation des sources et analyse d'asymétries], on constate que ce traitement temporel peut être latéralisé atypiquement chez le dyslexique - même dans des cas compensés avec décours temporels relativement normaux. La troisième étude [Perception Catégorielle & MMN] suggère une correspondance entre nos profils électrophysiologiques et la discrimination de sons occlusives: le "PEA Pattern I" peut être associé à un traitement superflu d'indices acoustiques sans pertinence phonétique, tandis que le "PEA Pattern II" semble lié à un trouble de discrimination sévère. Dans la quatrième étude [l'effet McGurk], nous analysons l'intégration des indices acoustiques et visuels dans la perception de la parole face-à-face. Chez le dyslexique, on constate moins d'intégrations audiovisuelles et plus de dépendance sur des indices strictement acoustiques. Dans l'ensemble, ces résultats sont cohérents avec un dysfonctionnement affectant plusieurs niveaux du traitement de la parole chez le dyslexiqueSpeech perception deficits may play a causal role in certain cases of developmental dyslexia. This research focuses on the perception of stop consonants in the adult dyslexic. In the first study [temporal course of Auditory Evoked Potentials (AEPs)], the cortical processing of temporal cues (Voice Onset Time) differentiating voiced and voiceless stops is analysed in dyslexics with persistent deficits. Two atypical electrophysiological patterns are observed: (i) AEP Pattern I is characterised by a differential coding of stimuli on the basis of some temporal cues but with more AEP components and a delay in termination time; (ii) AEP Pattern II is characterised by an absence of differential coding based on temporal cues. The second study [source modelling and asymmetry of temporal processing] shows an atypical functional asymmetry of this temporal cue processing in adult dyslexics - even in compensated cases with relatively normal AEP timecourses. The third study [Categorical Perception and MMN] suggests how atypical temporal cue processing may affect stop consonant discrimination: AEP Pattern I may be associated with the coding of superfluous non-phonetically pertinent cues, while AEP Pattern II may be associated with a severe voiced/voiceless discrimination deficit. In the fourth study [McGurk Effect], the integration of acoustic and visual cues in face-to-face speech perception is analysed in adult dyslexics. Compared to controls, dyslexics demonstrated less audiovisual integration, relying preferentially on acoustic cues. Together, these results are consistent with a speech perception deficit that affects multiple levels of processing in the developmental dyslexic
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Theron, Karin. "Temporal aspects of speech production in bilingual speakers with neurogenic speech disorders." Diss., Pretoria : [s.n.], 2003. http://upetd.up.ac.za/thesis/available/etd-08072003-152242.
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Chiam, Ruth. "Speech Motor Control in English-Mandarin Bilinguals who stutter." Thesis, University of Canterbury. Department of Communication Disorders, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10092/7793.
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Research examining bilinguals who stutter (BWS) is limited; in particular there are few studies that have considered examining features of speech motor control in BWS. The present study was designed to examine features of speech motor control in bilingual speakers of Mandarin and English. Speech motor control was examined through the acoustic analysis of speaking rate, voice onset time (VOT) and stuttering adaptation. Participants ranged from age between 9 and 27 years. Upon completion of a language dominance questionnaire, two BWS participants were found to be English dominant and three were Mandarin dominant. Each BWS participant was matched to age/sex matched control participants (BWNS). Results for the BWS participants found more stuttering in the less dominant language based on a measure of percentage of syllables stuttered. All of the BWS participants demonstrated stuttering adaptation and there was no significant difference in the amount of adaptation for Mandarin and English. There was no difference found between BWS and BWNS for speaking rate and VOT. In spite of the similarity between BWS and BWNS, speaking rate in Mandarin appeared to be faster compared to English. These findings suggest that speech motor control in BWS and BWNS are similar and current application of these findings to the clinical setting is discussed.
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Berry, Jeff. "Mechanisms of short-lag voice onset time." 2000. http://catalog.hathitrust.org/api/volumes/oclc/44571078.html.
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Thesis (M.S.)--University of Wisconsin--Madison, 2000.Typescript. eContent provider-neutral record in process. Description based on print version record. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 98-104).
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Hylkema, Jennifer. "Voice onset time in individuals with vocal hyperfunction." Thesis, 2018. https://hdl.handle.net/2144/31112.
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PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the etiology and physiology of vocal hyperfunction (VH) using the acoustical measure of voice onset time (VOT).
METHOD: Twenty-eight women enrolled as participants in the study, including speakers with a diagnosis of VH (n=14), and age- and sex-matched control participants (n=14). Participants produced three repetitions of distinct VCV combinations of the vowels /α/ and /u/, and stopped voiced and voiceless cognates (e.g., /p/, /b/). Mean VOT was calculated for the three repetitions, and a coefficient of variation (CoV) was calculated for each set to determine variance of VOT. Two separate ANOVAs were completed for mean VOT and CoV of VOT with main effects of group, voiced vs. voiceless plosive, vowel, and place of articulation, and interactions between each variable and group.
RESULTS: The first ANOVA model revealed no differences in mean VOT between groups. The second ANOVA revealed statistically significant main effects between groups (p <.001) for the CoV data with a small effect size. No interaction effects were significant for either model.
Conclusion: We determined that CoV, a measure of variation in VOTs, was significantly different between healthy speakers and speakers with VH. These results provide further evidence of a speech-motor control deficit in individuals diagnosed with VH, in that they may have more variable targets during voice production.2020-07-06T00:00:00Z
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Yu-FenChiu and 邱郁芬. "Voice Onset Time for Hakka and Mandarin Bilinguals." Thesis, 2018. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/x6tufv.
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Parikh, Abhishek Gunvant. "Voice onset time variation in stop consonant to vowel transitions." Thesis, 2004. http://library1.njit.edu/etd/fromwebvoyage.cfm?id=njit-etd2004-063.
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LIN, YU-DUO, and 林育多. "Exploring the Voice Onset Time on Spanish Learners of Mandarin." Thesis, 2015. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/23249036968081918175.
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碩士輔仁大學
跨文化研究所語言學碩士班
103
Abstract The Speech Learning Model (SLM) posits that L2 learners’ age of arrival (AOA) and age of L2 learning (LOR) affect learners’ L2 performance (Flege, 1995, 1999, 2002). On the other hand, the voice onset time (VOT) has also been examined (Flege, 1991, 1999; Hu, 2012) to determine whether it has been acquired within the several months. However, none of the previous work has focused on a tonal language’s VOT, which might cause some difficulty to non-tonal L2 learners. Thus, this study aims to investigate if Spanish students learning aspirated/ unaspirated stops in the initial position of Mandarin after immersion in a Taiwanese society and, at the same time, whether this acquisition affects their Spanish VOT values. A production (for Spanish and Mandarin natives) and a perceptual test (for Spanish and Mandarin natives) were conducted and the same group of Spanish students learning Chinese (N = 15) participated twice, with an interval of three to four months. A univariate (one way ANOVA) and an ANCOVA test were performed to examine the 1st and 2nd results by means of correct rate (perception) and their mean VOT values (production). The results showed that factors such as “Vowel” and “Place of articulation (POA)” play important roles, and also that most of these Chinese Spanish learners made some progress after several months of intensive Chinese training. The adjacent high/low vowels affect our subjects’ perceptual discrimination and the vocal-fold tension of the high vowel /i/ will also be discussed. In addition, the alveolar stop was the best among the three stops, which could be explained by the previous studies that found that the coronal stop was the most salient compared to the labial and dorsal ones. The results of this paper indicate that in learning a foreigner language, the environment in which L2 learners stay will influence the progression of their L2 performance. The way that L1 natives perceive/produce stops can be transferred into the way of determining the stops in L2. Keywords: Speech Learning Model (SLM), Voice Onset Time (VOT), Perception, Production
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Peng, Jui-feng, and 彭瑞鳳. "Factors for Voice Onset Time: Stops in Mandarin and Hakka." Thesis, 2009. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/62410342470364520797.
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碩士國立成功大學
外國語文學系專班
97
This thesis examines the influence of four factors—place of articulation, vowel context, lexical tone, and gender—upon voice onset time (VOT) in Mandarin and Hakka. The examination of VOT values for Mandarin and Hakka word-initial stops /p, t, k, p', t', k'/ followed by three vowels /i, u, a/ in different lexical tones revealed that these factors have significant influences on the VOT values for stops. The results related to lexical tone are important as they suggest that future studies should take the influence of lexical tone into account when studying VOT values for stops in tonal languages. In addition, the results indicated that Hakka stops and Mandarin unaspirated stops conform to Cho and Ladefoged’s (1999) general agreement—namely, the further back the closure, the longer the VOT. However, Mandarin aspirated stops contradict this rule: the mean VOT for alveolar is shorter than that for bilabial. Furthermore, the phenomenon for Mandarin aspirated stops was caused by the interactions of the stop and its vowel context. That is, when followed by the vowel /u/, bilabial stops have longer mean VOTs than alveolar stops. As for the influence of vowel context, the results revealed that stops preceding high vowels have significantly longer mean VOT values than stops preceding low vowels, while stops followed by the front vowel have longer mean VOTs than stops followed by the back vowel, with the exception of Mandarin unaspirated stops. Finally, the results demonstrated that men produce longer mean VOTs for unaspirated stops than their female counterparts, but women produce longer mean VOTs for aspirated stops than male counterparts, suggesting that the number of male and female participants should be equal in future studies. The current study also determined that the distinctions of female speakers’ productions of unaspirated and aspirated stops are greater than the distinctions of male speakers’ productions in both languages.
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(5930669), Amy Hutchinson. "THE PRODUCTION OF VOICE ONSET TIME AND ONSET F0 IN SECOND LANGUAGE LEARNERS OF FRENCH." Thesis, 2019.
Find full textAbstract:
Voice Onset Time (VOT) and onset f0 are known correlates of voicing distinctions in stops and both contribute to the production and perception of voicing (House & Fairbanks, 1953; Abramson & Lisker, 1965; Ohde, 1984). As the values of VOT and onset f0, which correspond to voicing categories, vary cross-linguistically, a second language (L2) learner has to acquire a novel use of these acoustic cues to produce and perceive voicing in their L2. Although the acquisition of the primary voicing cue, VOT, has been studied extensively in L2 research (Flege & Eefting, 1988; Flege 1991; Birdsong et al. 2007), little is known about the acquisition of onset f0. The present study compares the use of VOT and onset f0 in French and English speech produced by American learners of French (23). The study also examines evidence for phonetic drift in L2 learners by comparing their English productions to a monolingual control group (33). Results indicate that although learners’ VOT values in French were heavily influenced by English, their onset f0 production in both English and French were on target, showing that learners are able to manipulate the two cues independently of one another. Little evidence of the effect of learners’ second language on the first language was found.
This study also examines the role of individual learning history on the realization of VOT and onset f0, determining that average number of hours speaking French and age of L2 acquisition (AOA) reported by learners shows the strongest correlation with the learner’s acoustic productions.
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Lin, Chi-Yueh, and 林奇嶽. "Detection of Burst Onset Using Random Forest Technique and Its Application to Voice Onset Time Estimate." Thesis, 2011. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/79941056544316597224.
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博士國立清華大學
電機工程學系
99
The reliable detection of salient acoustic-phonetic cues in speech signal plays an important role in landmark-based speech recognition. Locating speech landmarks not only assists phone recognition, but also helps extraction of phonetic information. This dissertation focuses on the issue of detecting burst onset, which is the most prominent landmark in stop and affricate consonants. The chosen feature representation is the two-dimensional cepstral coefficients (TDCCs) from a spectro-temporal patch, which are able to highlight the closure-burst transitions that indicate the presences of burst onsets. Then the random forest technique, an ensemble of tree-structured classifiers, employs the feature vectors to detect burst onsets in continuous speech. During the random forest construction, we also proposed an asymmetric bootstrap to deal with the problem of imbalanced training data, which may deteriorate performance of a resulting forest. A series of experiments conducted on an English spoken corpus, TIMIT, demonstrate that the proposed detector provides an efficient and accurate means to detect burst onsets. When the detection results are appended to MFCC vectors, the augmented feature vectors enhance the recognition correctness of stop and affricate consonants. Voice onset time (VOT) of a stop consonant is an interval between its burst onset and voicing onset. Among a variety of research topics on VOT, one that has been concerned for years is how to efficiently measure a VOT. Manual annotation is a feasible way, but it becomes a time-consuming task when corpus size is large. The second part of this dissertation proposes an automatic VOT estimate method which combines an HMM-based state-level forced alignment and an RF-based onset detection. The forced alignment roughly locates stop consonants in continuous speech. Then the onset detector searches each aligned stop segment for its subtle locations of burst and voicing onsets to estimate a VOT. The proposed method is able to onset detection can detect the onsets in an efficient and accurate manner with only a small amount of training data. The evaluation data were extracted from TIMIT corpus, which in total comprises 2,344 word-initial and 1,440 word-medial stops. The experimental results showed that, on average, 57%, 83%, 93%, and 96% of the estimates deviate less than 5 ms, 10 ms, 15 ms, and 20 ms from their manually labeled values respectively. The results also revealed the fact that VOTs of word-initial stops are more accurately estimated than those of word-medial stops. In addition to the accuracy of VOT estimates, factors that may influence the estimate accuracy, i.e., articulation place of a stop, voicing status of a stop, and quality of succeeding vowel, were also investigated.
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Katz, Lisa B. "Temporal resolution and voice-onset-time perception in sensorineural hearing loss." 1985. http://catalog.hathitrust.org/api/volumes/oclc/12569791.html.
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Thesis (M.S.)--University of Wisconsin--Madison, 1985.Typescript. eContent provider-neutral record in process. Description based on print version record. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 260-271).
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Jones, Maura Alison. "Relationships between vowel articulation, voice onset time, and laryngeal devoicing gesture." 1999. http://catalog.hathitrust.org/api/volumes/oclc/42025233.html.
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Thesis (M.S.)--University of Wisconsin--Madison, 1999.Typescript. eContent provider-neutral record in process. Description based on print version record. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 67-69).
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Huang, Yu-ching, and 黃郁晴. "A Multi-Dimension Acoustic Analysis of Voice Onset Time in Hakka Oral stops." Thesis, 2010. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/02782640716234573654.
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碩士國立聯合大學
客家語言與傳播研究所
98
This acoustic research examined the influence of five factors – place of articulation, vowel context, lexical tones, age and gender – upon the voice onset time (VOT) of stops in Si-xian Hakka. 18 male and 18 female speakers of Hakka, inclusive of the old (over 56 years old), the middle-aged (31~55 years of age) and the young (15~30 years of age), participated in the recording. The test stimuli consisted of 36 monosyllabic words. These syllables were omprised of word-initial stops [p, t, k, p’, t’, k’] followed by three corner vowels [i, a, u] in both unchecked tone (Qu) and checked tone (Yang-Ru). The list of words was read five times in a row at a comfortable speed. The three tokens in the middles were extracted for VOT measurement. The findings revealed that place of articulation, vowel context, lexical tones, age and gender all had an effect on the length of VOT, but the extent to which each factor exerted impact on VOT values differed. Overall, the VOTs varied by the place of production with longest VOTs for velar place, intermediate for alveolar place and shortest for bilabial place. As far as the vowel context was concerned, the greatest VOT values were observed within the context of the vowel [i], followed by [u], with the shortest VOT duration in the setting of [a]. As for lexical tones, unchecked tone had significantly longer VOT durations than its corresponding checked tone. As for age effect, the ordinal relationship among the three age groups was the young > the middle-aged > the old, but only the young and the middle-aged produced significantly longer VOT lag than the old. As for gender, no significant differences ccurred between the VOTs of the men and women. In terms of the mean VOT, however, female produced longer mean VOTs for aspirated stops than male counterparts whereas male produced longer mean VOTs for unaspirated stops than their female counterparts. Such gender differences in the VOT values were similar to the findings of many sociolinguistic research. Finally, the study probed the interactive impact on VOT between vowels and tones. Results indicated that vowels cast greater effects on VOT than tones, with the exception of aspirated bilabial [p’]. Further studies are required to investigate its cause.
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Segina, Roxanne K. "Relationship between vocal pitch acuity and voice onset time in speakers with vocal hyperfunction." Thesis, 2021. https://hdl.handle.net/2144/42572.
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PURPOSE: Vocal hyperfunction (VH) is considered a functional voice disorder, resulting in voice complaints of hoarseness and fatigue; however, recent work suggests that voice changes in VH may result from impairments in the neural control of voice (specifically, how voice perception is integrated into voice production). This study sought to clarify whether impaired auditory acuity of vocal pitch and the temporal production of voice, two known impairments in speakers with VH, were correlated.
METHOD: The current study included 29 adults with VH. Vocal auditory perception was assessed via acuity to self-produced vocal pitch (quantified using an adaptive two-forced-choice paradigm). To investigate temporal acoustic measures of voice production, voice onset time (VOT) variability of voiced and voiceless stop consonants in a carrier phrase were separately assessed using a coefficient of variation (CoV). Two Pearson product-moment correlations were completed to assess the relationship between these measures of vocal perception and vocal production of either voiced or voiceless VOTs.
RESULTS: No statistically significant correlations were observed between auditory acuity and CoV of VOT for neither voiced nor voiceless stop consonants.
CONCLUSION: The current findings suggest that impairments in vocal pitch acuity and VOT production in VH are not governed by the same underlying mechanism. Further investigation is recommended to determine the etiology driving these vocal perception- and production-based impairments observed in prior work.
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Knuttila, Erica Lynn. "The effects of vocal loudness and speaking rate on voice-onset time in typically developing children and children with cochlear implants." Master's thesis, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10048/1824.
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This study explores the effects of manipulating vocal loudness and speech rate on voice onset time (VOT) in normal hearing children and two children with cochlear implants (CIs). 15 normal hearing participants and two participants with CIs produced all six stop consonants in the phrase “It’s a Cod again” while speaking normally, softly, loudly, slowly, and quickly. Consonants were grouped into voiced and voiceless categories for comparison. Results indicated that the group of normal hearing children produced longer VOTs for voiceless stops than voiced across all conditions. When speaking loudly or quickly, VOT values were shorter than at normal levels. When speaking softly or slowly, VOT values were longer than at normal levels. The two children with CIs performed in a similar manner to the normal hearing group; however, VOTs produced by the six-year old participant were consistently longer than those of the normal hearing group across all conditions.Speech-Language Pathology
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Chang, Gung-Ming, and 張恭銘. "Discriminative Feature Analysis based on Voice Onset Time and Stress Detection for Taiwanese-accented English Speech." Thesis, 2007. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/95787802002037348786.
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碩士國立成功大學
電機工程學系碩博士班
95
In recent years, automatic speech recognition (ASR) systems have achieved great improvements. There are two categories for users to use automatic speech recognition (ASR) systems. One is for user-dependent and the other is for user-independent. However, speaker variability still affects the performance of ASR systems greatly. Among the factors attributing variability, gender and accent are the most important. In addition, it was observed that speakers from the same accent regions had similar tendencies, and speakers with heavy accents tend to make more pronunciation errors in terms of the standard pronunciation. Because one way to improve English skills is speaking out and interacting with others, it will achieve further to benefit all other speakers with different accent and make a great progress on next-generation automatic speech recognition. In this thesis, we use English Across Taiwan (EAT) and Texas Instruments and Massachusetts Institute of Technology (TIMIT) to represent Taiwanese accented and foreigner accented English speech corpora for comparison and accent analysis. We also want to propose the method of automatic detection on voice onset time (VOT) of English speech, and the stress detection on English syllables. We use Teager energy operator (TEO) and wavelet transforms methods for measuring voice onset time of Taiwanese-accented English speech. A stress detection based on SVM is also proposed for applying on Taiwanese-accented English syllables. We use a feature set including perceptual features, MFCC, delta-MFCC and delta-delta-MFCC, and the probabilistic SVMs are also presented to implement the stress classifier. By applying the proposed methods of detection on voice onset time and stress of English syllables, automatic speech recognition systems will achieve good recognition performance on accented speech.
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"A VOT Measurement of the Pronunciation of Word-Initial /p/ by Libyan Speakers of English." Master's thesis, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/2286/R.I.27413.
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abstract: ABSTRACT
The absence of the consonant sound /p/ in Libyan Arabic leads Libyan speakers of English to pronounce /p/ as /b/. This study examines how Libyan Arabic speakers distinguish the English /p/ and /b/ in their production of L2 English. The study also examines the effect of the production contexts and the learning environment on two groups of Libyan Arabic speakers' attainment of the English /p/ in the USA and Libya. The study collected voice recordings of word-initial /p/ and /b/ in isolated-words, minimal pairs, and sentences in English from both Libyan Arabic speakers and American English speakers. The study also collected Libyan Arabic stop consonants /b/, /t/, /d/, /k/, and /g/ from the Libyan participants. The voice recording data were collected using the WhatsApp mobile application from all participants and the Libyan Arabic participants were also asked to fill an online survey. Using voice onset time (VOT) as a measurement tool, this study measured the English and Libyan Arabic data through Praat software. The findings show that most Libyan Arabic participants distinguish between /p/ and /b/, but they did not have as high VOT averages as the American participants' /p/. It also reveals that the production context, especially in minimal pairs and sentence contexts, has an effect on their participants' production. However, the learning environment does not have an effect on the Libyan participants' pronunciation of /p/ in this study.Dissertation/Thesis
Masters Thesis English 2014