Dissertations / Theses: 'Voice parameters'

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Neocleous, Andreas. "Speaker verification using voice source parameters." Thesis, Imperial College London, 2000. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.393665.

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Kramer, Elena [Verfasser]. "Predicting perceptual voice quality from objective voice parameters in dysphonic patients / Elena Kramer." Lübeck : Zentrale Hochschulbibliothek Lübeck, 2013. http://d-nb.info/1029994641/34.

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Schlegel, Patrick [Verfasser]. "Assessment of clinical voice parameters and parameter reduction using supervised learning approaches / Patrick Schlegel." Düren : Shaker, 2020. http://d-nb.info/1213473071/34.

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SANTOS, ALEXANDRE FERREIRA DOS. "ASSESSMENT OF QOS PARAMETERS IN VOICE OVER IP TRANSMISSION." PONTIFÍCIA UNIVERSIDADE CATÓLICA DO RIO DE JANEIRO, 2004. http://www.maxwell.vrac.puc-rio.br/Busca_etds.php?strSecao=resultado&nrSeq=5243@1.

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Este trabalho apresenta um estudo visando a estabelecer uma metodologia para dimensionamento de um sistema VoIP, focalizando, em particular, o dimensionamento de um multiplexador estatístico. Procuramos aplicar modelos e resultados existentes para o problema geral do multiplexador estatístico ao caso específico de um sistema VoIP, levando em conta as características do tráfego, os requisitos de QoS e os princípios das arquiteturas Intserv e Diffserv. Para isto, apresentamos um resumo da tecnologia VoIP, incluindo seus requisitos de qualidade e os protocolos apropriados para transportar este tipo de mídia na Internet. Discorremos sobre os mecanismos de controle de tráfego usuais em redes de pacotes com QoS, assim como sobre as Arquiteturas de QoS definidas pelo IETF . É apresentada uma revisão de modelos de tráfego e modelos aplicáveis à análise de multiplexadores estatísticos, com destaque para o chamado modelo fluido aplicado à descrição do tráfego gerado por um agregado homogêneo de fontes de voz, além de um estudo comparativo entre respostas obtidas analiticamente com aquelas obtidas por meio de simulação. A influência do tipo de codificador e de parâmetros como tamanho de pacote é investigada, mostrando-se a dificuldade em se dispor de um modelo analítico capaz de levar em conta, de forma precisa, os diferentes formatos do sistema VoIP. Por fim, estabelece-se um cenário para aplicação dos modelos a um sistema VoIP. This work presents a study aiming at to establish a methodology for sizing a VoIP system, focusing, in particular, the sizing of a statistical multiplexer. We apply existing models and results for the general problem of the statistical multiplexer to the specific case of a VoIP system, taking in account the characteristics of the traffic, the requirements of QoS and the principles of the architectures Intserv and Diffserv. For this, we present a summary of the VoIP technology, including its requirements of quality and the protocols appropriate to carry this type of media in the Internet. We discourse on the usual mechanisms of traffic control in packet networks with QoS, as well as on the Architectures of QoS defined by the IETF. A revision of traffic models and applicable models to the analysis of statistical multiplexers, with prominence for the fluid model applied to the description of the traffic generated for a homogeneous aggregate of voice sources, is presented. Besisdes, a comparative study of behavior gotten analytically with those gotten by means of simulation is made. The influence of the coder and parameters as so packet size is investigated, revealing the difficulty in finding an analytical model capable to take in account, with precision, the different formats of the VoIP system. Finally, we establish a scenario for application of the models to a VoIP system.

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Sayles, Claire Lindsey. "The Effects of Vocal Function Exercises on Aerodynamic Parameters for Children Receiving Voice Lessons." Miami University / OhioLINK, 2003. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=miami1050517336.

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Cadesky, Nadine Elizabeth. "Music Therapists' Perspectives on the Assessment and Clinical Interpretation of Clients' Vocal Parameters." Diss., Temple University Libraries, 2013. http://cdm16002.contentdm.oclc.org/cdm/ref/collection/p245801coll10/id/216567.

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Music Therapy Ph.D. The purpose of this study was to investigate North American professional music therapists' perceptions and use of singing voice assessment. The focus was on a general population of music therapists who may or may not specialize in the use of singing as a clinical instrument. The researcher designed an online survey to gather music therapists' perceptions about the frequency with which they use singing voice assessment with clients, the singing voice parameters they assess and the clinical interpretations they make. Participants' demographic information was gathered and analyzed according to their responses. It was expected that these therapists would vary in their training and education, singing background and clinical context. Three hundred and thirty-five North American music therapists with a music therapist-accredited (MTA) or music therapist-board-certified (MT-BC) designation participated in the study, for an overall response rate of 13.9%. Results were analyzed using frequencies, proportions indicating association with Wilson Confidence Limits, Logistic Regression Models, Firth's Estimation, Tukey-Kramer adjusted-p levels and 95% confidence limits. Results indicated that a majority of participants assessed client singing at the beginning of therapy and periodically or regularly afterwards, paying attention to singing voice parameters of breathing and breath-support, freedom versus tension, vocal range, vocal tone quality, and/or pitch control. Results also indicated that a majority of participants used one or more of these parameters as a basis for interpretations about affect, personality characteristics, internal psychological processes, developmental stage, and/or psychopathological states. There were statistically-significant associations between therapists' primary clinical population and frequency of singing voice assessment performed; therapists' primary clinical population and singing voice parameters assessed; and therapists' primary theoretical orientation and singing voice parameters assessed. Results of this study suggest that music therapists in this sample were assessing and interpreting client singing even if some of these therapists had no specialized advanced training in the clinical assessment and interpretation of singing. Furthermore, it appears that music therapists in this study were paying attention to the same kinds of vocal parameters and made the same kinds of clinical interpretations as those featured in the clinical literature. Finally, it appears that voice assessment is not associated with a particular population. Future research should explore the impact of a client and therapist's background with singing on the clinical singing voice assessment. Future research should also explore the role singing voice assessment may play in different clinical contexts and the differential meanings that may be gleaned in these different contexts. There is also evidence within to support future development and validation of a vocal assessment tool. Temple University--Theses

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CASTELLANA, ANTONELLA. "Towards vocal-behaviour and vocal-health assessment using distributions of acoustic parameters." Doctoral thesis, Politecnico di Torino, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/11583/2705908.

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Voice disorders at different levels are affecting those professional categories that make use of voice in a sustained way and for prolonged periods of time, the so-called occupational voice users. In-field voice monitoring is needed to investigate voice behaviour and vocal health status during everyday activities and to highlight work-related risk factors. The overall aim of this thesis is to contribute to the identification of tools, procedures and requirements related to the voice acoustic analysis as objective measure to prevent voice disorders, but also to assess them and furnish proof of outcomes during voice therapy. The first part of this thesis includes studies on vocal-load related parameters. Experiments were performed both in-field and in laboratory. A one-school year longitudinal study of teachers’ voice use during working hours was performed in high school classrooms using a voice analyzer equipped with a contact sensor; further measurements took place in the semi-anechoic and reverberant rooms of the National Institute of Metrological Research (I.N.Ri.M.) in Torino (Italy) for investigating the effects of very low and excessive reverberation in speech intensity, using both microphones in air and contact sensors. Within this framework, the contributions of the sound pressure level (SPL) uncertainty estimation using different devices were also assessed with proper experiments. Teachers adjusted their voice significantly with noise and reverberation, both at the beginning and at the end of the school year. Moreover, teachers who worked in the worst acoustic conditions showed higher SPLs and a worse vocal health status at the end of the school year. The minimum value of speech SPL was found for teachers in classrooms with a reverberation time of about 0.8 s. Participants involved into the in-laboratory experiments significantly increased their speech intensity of about 2.0 dB in the semi-anechoic room compared with the reverberant room, when describing a map. Such results are related to the speech monitorings performed with the vocal analyzer, whose uncertainty estimation for SPL differences resulted of about 1 dB. The second part of this thesis was addressed to vocal health and voice quality assessment using different speech materials and devices. Experiments were performed in clinics, in collaboration with the Department of Surgical Sciences of Università di Torino (Italy) and the Department of Clinical Science, Intervention and Technology of Karolinska Institutet in Stockholm (Sweden). Individual distributions of Cepstral Peak Prominence Smoothed (CPPS) from voluntary patients and control subjects were investigated in sustained vowels, reading, free speech and excerpted vowels from continuous speech, which were acquired with microphones in air and contact sensors. The main influence quantities of the estimated cepstral parameters were also identified, which are the fundamental frequency of the vocalization and the broadband noise superimposed to the signal. In addition, the reliability of CPPS estimation with respect to the frequency content of the vocal spectrum was evaluated, which is mainly dependent on the bandwidth of the measuring chain used to acquire the vocal signal. Regarding the speech materials acquired with the microphone in air, the 5th percentile resulted the best statistic for CPPS distributions that can discriminate healthy and unhealthy voices in sustained vowels, while the 95th percentile was the best in both reading and free speech tasks. The discrimination thresholds were 15 dB (95\% Confidence Interval, CI, of 0.7 dB) and 18 dB (95\% CI of 0.6 dB), respectively, where lower values indicate a high probability to have unhealthy voice. Preliminary outcomes on excerpted vowels from continuous speech stated that a CPPS mean value lower than 14 dB designates pathological voices. CPPS distributions were also effective as proof of outcomes after interventions, e.g. voice therapy and phonosurgery. Concerning the speech materials acquired with the electret contact sensor, a reasonable discrimination power was only obtained in the case of sustained vowel, where the standard deviation of CPPS distribution higher than 1.1 dB (95\% CI of 0.2 dB) indicates a high probability to have unhealthy voice. Further results indicated that a reliable estimation of CPPS parameters is obtained provided that the frequency content of the spectrum is not lower than 5 kHz: such outcome provides a guideline on the bandwidth of the measuring chain used to acquire the vocal signal.

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Niemelä, Markus. "Estimating Internet-scale Quality of Service Parameters for VoIP." Thesis, Linköpings universitet, Programvara och system, 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-127360.

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With the rising popularity of Voice over IP (VoIP) services, understanding the effects of a global network on Quality of Service is critical for the providers of VoIP applications. This thesis builds on a model that analyzes the round trip time, packet delay jitter, and packet loss between endpoints on an Autonomous System (AS) level, extending it by mapping AS pairs onto an Internet topology. This model is used to produce a mean opinion score estimate. The mapping is introduced to reduce the size of the problem in order to improve computation times and improve accuracy of estimates. The results of testing show that estimating mean opinion score from this model is not desirable. It also shows that the path mapping does not affect accuracy, but does improve computation times as the input data grows in volume.

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Asaid, Dina, and Sofia Erenmalm. "Logopeders bedömarreliabilitet vid perceptuell röstanalys av utvalda röstexempel : en början till ett referensröstmaterial." Thesis, Linköpings universitet, Logopedi, 2012. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-76308.

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Vid användning av audio-perceptuell röstanalys för framtagning av referensröster är begreppet reliabilitet av central betydelse. Syftet med denna uppsats var att undersöka reliabiliteten mellan erfarna röstlogopeders perceptuella röstanalys av ett antal utvalda röstexempel. Förhoppningen var att utifrån detta kunna sammanställa en början till ett referensröstmaterial bestående av manliga och kvinnliga referensröster representativa för olika parametrar i SVEA-protokollet. De specifika frågeställningarna var: Hur samstämmiga i perceptuell röstanalys är bedömarna kring de valda röstexemplens olika parametrar? Är någon eller några av de parametrar som bedömarna är överens om extra framträdande i någon röst så att denna röst kan användas som referensröst? Utifrån en databas med 65 röstinspelningar valdes 15 röstexempel ut av författarna att skattas av sju erfarna logopeder med SVEA-protokollet. En andra bedömningsomgång genomfördes med tre röstexempel slumpvis utvalda från de 15 röstexemplen i den första bedömningsomgången. Statistiska analyser av logopedernas inter- och intrabedömarreliabilitet gjordes både på alla röstexempel och på samtliga kvalitetsparametrar. Bedömarnas skattningar uppvisade mycket stor spridning i flera röstexempel, vilket inverkade på korrelationernas utfall och kan vid en första anblick ge ett missvisande resultat. En djupare analys av bedömarnas skattningar av enskilda röstparametrar visade på betydligt högre samstämmighet. Utifrån detta resultat tog författarna fram tre potentiella referensröster. Flera av de övriga 12 röstexemplen hade relativt hög interbedömarreliabilitet men då skattningsvärdena var så pass låga för dessa röster valdes de inte ut som referensröster. Trots låga skattningsvärden skulle dessa röstexempel kunna användas som referensröster för att exemplifiera lägre grader av avvikelser. Slutsatsen är att det finns skillnader i hur bedömarna skattat röstexemplen i denna studie och reliabiliteten mellan bedömarna skiftar. Författarna drar även slutsatsen att det är motiverat att fortsätta leta och analysera röstexempel för att få en heltäckande uppsättning referensröster. Metodvalet i denna studie anses vara en framkomlig väg för att fortsätta forma detta referensröstmaterial. Interrater and intrarater reliability are of great importance in the selection of reference voice examples. The purpose of this study is to investigate the reliability of experienced speech and language pathologists’ evaluations of selected voice samples. The aim is to begin a collection of male and female reference voice examples which represent different voice quality parameters according to the Stockholm Voice Evaluation Approach (SVEA). The specific questions are: How well do speech and language pathologists agree when rating voices along different voice quality parameters? Are any of the voice quality parameters in the speech samples prominent enough to be qualified as reference voice examples? The authors selected 15 voice samples out of a database consisting of 65 voice samples. The voices were evaluated by seven experienced speech and language pathologists using the SVEA protocol. The results were statistically analyzed to study interrater reliability. In order to investigate intrarater reliability a second evaluation session was carried out in which the speech and language pathologists evaluated three voice samples randomly selected from the 15 samples used in the first evaluation session. The results showed a wide range in the raters’ evaluations, which had an impact on the correlations. However, a closer look at separate parameters indicated considerably higher similarity in the ratings. Based on these results three reference voice examples were selected. Even though high correlation values were found in several of the other twelve voice samples, the ratings in these were not high enough to qualify them as reference voice examples in this study. Nevertheless, these voices can still be used to exemplify various degrees of deviation. The conclusions are that there is a great variation regarding reliability between and within raters and also regarding how the different speech and language pathologists rate the voices. The authors also conclude that the search for clear reference voice examples is highly motivated and ought to be continued, preferably with the method used in this study.

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Degottex, Gilles. "Glottal source and vocal-tract separation : estimation of glottal parameters, voice transformation and synthesis using a glottal model." Paris 6, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010PA066399.

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Cette étude s'intéresse au problème de l'inversion d'un modèle de production de la voix étant donné un enregistrement audio de parole pour obtenir une représentation de le source sonore qui est générée au niveau de la glotte, la source glottique, ainsi qu'un représentation des résonances et anti-résonances créées par les cavités du conduit vocal. Cette séparation des éléments composants la voix donne la possibilité de manipuler indépendamment les caractéristiques de la source et le timbre des résonances. Nous supposons que la source glottique est un signal à phase mixte et que la réponse impulsionnelle du filtre du conduit vocal est un signal à minimum de phase. Puis, considérant ces propriétés, différentes méthodes sont proposées pour estimer les paramètres d'un modèle glottique qui minimisent la phase carrée moyenne du résiduel convolutif d'un spectre de parole observé et de son modèle. Une dernière méthode est décrite où un unique paramètre de forme est solution d'une forme quasi fermée du spectre observé. Ces méthodes sont évaluées et comparées avec des méthodes de l'état de l'art en utilisant des signaux synthétiques et electro-glotto-graphiques. Nous proposons également une procédure d'analyse/synthèse qui estime le filtre du conduit vocal en utilisant un spectre observé et sa source estimée. Des tests de préférences ont été menés et leurs résultats sont présentés dans cette étude pour comparer la procédure décrite et d'autres méthodes existantes.

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Martín, Severiano Juan Carlos. "IEEE 802.11b MAC layer's influence on VoIP quality parameters : Measurements and Analysis." Thesis, KTH, Mikroelektronik och informationsteknik, IMIT, 2004. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-92577.

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Real-time voice measurements were performed to assess whether there are significant problems with 802.11b wireless networks regarding real-time voice communication. We present an analysis of how the 802.11b MAC protocol and diverse environmental conditions affect the quality of real-time voice in terms of loss, delay, and jitter. We also reveal practical issues of wireless monitoring with passive sniffers for this type of analysis. The results obtained in our measurements show that in the majority of the experiments the quality was good, but under some circumstances the requirements for an acceptable voice communication were not met. Realtidsröstmätningar gjordes för att testa om det finns problem med 802.11b trådlösa nätverk beträffande realtidsröstkommunikation. En analys presenteras av hur 802.11b MACs protokoll och olika tillstånd i omgivningen påverkar kvaliteten på realtidsrösten i form av förluster, fördröjningar och jitter. Även praktiska angelägenheter om trådlös övervakning med passiva sniffers visas. De erhållna resultaten visar att i en majoritet av fallen var kvaliteten acceptabel, men under vissa förhållanden blev inte kraven för röstkommunikation uppfyllda.

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Souza, Maira Cristina Quirino de. "Características espectrais da nasalidade." Universidade de São Paulo, 2003. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/82/82131/tde-17012005-111725/.

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O objetivo deste trabalho foi comparar as características espectrais de sons vocálicos quando pronunciada de maneira oral e nasal. A vogal escolhida é o /a/ sustentado por oferecer menor carga acústica para o sistema glotal. A avaliação qualitativa das diferenças entre estas vogais foi analisada através do espectro vocálico. A quantificação das diferenças foi efetuada através de parâmetros acústicos da voz nominalmente a suavidade espectral. Os resultados encontrados demostraram que o espectro vocálico é um determinador de nasalidade eficiente por apresentar vales em freqüências características. Uma futura quantificação destes vales certamente auxiliará os especialistas da área de voz a avaliar a nasalidade contida na voz In this work oral and nasal voices are compared through their spectral characteristics. The chosen vowel is the sustained /a/ due to its lower acoustic load to the glottal system. The differences between both vowels have been qualitatively evaluated through their spectral. These differences were quantified by the acoustic parameter of the voice namely the spectral flatness. Results show that the vowel spectrum is very effective determine nasality in the voice due to the valley that happens in the spectrum. A quantification of this valley will certainly help voice specialists to evaluate nasality in the voice

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Gobl, Christer. "The Voice Source in Speech Communication - Production and Perception Experiments Involving Inverse Filtering and Synthesis." Doctoral thesis, KTH, Speech Transmission and Music Acoustics, 2003. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-3665.

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This thesis explores, through a number of production andperception studies, the nature of the voice source signal andhow it varies in spoken communication. Research is alsopresented that deals with the techniques and methodologies foranalysing and synthesising the voice source. The main analytictechnique involves interactive inverse filtering for obtainingthe source signal, which is then parameterised to permit thequantification of source characteristics. The parameterisationis carried by means of model matching, using the four-parameterLF model of differentiated glottal flow.The first three analytic studies focus on segmental andsuprasegmental determinants of source variation. As part of theprosodic variation of utterances, focal stress shows for theglottal excitation an enhancement between the stressed voweland the surrounding consonants. At a segmental level, the voicesource characteristics of a vowel show potentially majordifferences as a function of the voiced/voiceless nature of anadjacent stop. Cross-language differences in the extent anddirectionality of the observed effects suggest differentunderlying control strategies in terms of the timing of thelaryngeal and supralaryngeal gestures, as well as in thelaryngeal tensions settings. Different classes of voicedconsonants also show differences in source characteristics:here the differences are likely to be passive consequences ofthe aerodynamic conditions that are inherent to the consonants.Two further analytic studies present voice source correlatesfor six different voice qualities as defined by Laver'sclassification system. Data from stressed and unstressedcontexts clearly show that the transformation from one voicequality to another does not simply involve global changes ofthe source parameters. As well as providing insights into theseaspects of speech production, the analytic studies providequantitative measures useful in technology applications,particularly in speech synthesis.The perceptual experiments use the LF source implementationin the KLSYN88 synthesiser to test some of the analytic resultsand to harness them to explore the paralinguistic dimension ofspeech communication. A study of the perceptual salience ofdifferent parameters associated with breathy voice indicatesthat the source spectral slope is critically important andthat, surprisingly, aspiration noise contributes relativelylittle. Further perceptual tests using stimuli with differentvoice qualities explore the mapping between voice quality andits paralinguistic function of expressing emotion, mood andattitude. The results of these studies highlight the crucialrole of voice quality in expressing affect as well as providingpointers to how it combines withf0for this purpose.The last section of the thesis focuses on the techniquesused for the analysis and synthesis of the source. Asemi-automatic method for inverse filtering is presented, whichis novel in that it optimises the inverse filter by exploitingthe knowledge that is typically used by the experimenter whencarrying out manual interactive inverse filtering. A furtherstudy looks at the properties of the modified LF model in theKLSYN88 synthesiser: it highlights how it differs from thestandard LF model and discusses the implications forsynthesising the glottal source signal from LF model data.Effective and robust source parameterisation for the analysisof voice quality is the topic of the final paper: theeffectiveness of global, amplitude-based, source parameters isexamined across speech tokens with large differences inf0. Additional amplitude-based parameters areproposed to enable a more detailed characterisation of theglottal pulse.Keywords:Voice source dynamics, glottal sourceparameters, source-filter interaction, voice quality,phonation, perception, affect, emotion, mood, attitude,paralinguistic, inverse filtering, knowledge-based, formantsynthesis, LF model, fundamental frequency,f0.

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Souza, Mayra Montenegro de. "O ator que canta um conto: a manipula??o de par?metros musicais na voz do ator." Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, 2012. http://repositorio.ufrn.br:8080/jspui/handle/123456789/12443.

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Made available in DSpace on 2014-12-17T14:00:15Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 MayraMS_DISSERT.pdf: 1909146 bytes, checksum: c45c1a5e4e9e8dfe8eb786fe8c77f9e0 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012-03-12 Coordena??o de Aperfei?oamento de Pessoal de N?vel Superior This research started with an investigation about the theatrical speaking. Through an empirical methodology that analyzed a practical experience of creating a play and bibliographical research, the actress/researcher investigated ways to manipulate musical parameters as tools in the creation process of the actor s voice. The actress/researcher attempted to connect theory and practice, moved by the desire to find a vocal expression in theater that unfolds as living and transforming movement. This dissertation also contains the report of pedagogical experiences, in which the actress/researcher explored strategies to teach the appropriation of musical parameters in the construction of the vocal work of the actor. Considering that speaking in theater is closer to singing than everyday speech, she concluded that the actor may compose music as a music composer does in the elaborating process of building vocal scores. Therefore, she demonstrated that it is of fundamental importance a musical training in the development of the actor. Esta pesquisa se deu a partir de uma investiga??o sobre a fala teatral. Atrav?s de uma metodologia emp?rica que analisou uma experi?ncia pr?tica de constru??o de uma encena??o e de pesquisa bibliogr?fica, a atriz/pesquisadora investigou possibilidades de manipula??o de par?metros musicais como recursos no processo de cria??o da voz do ator. A atriz/pesquisadora procurou unir teoria e pr?tica, movida pelo desejo de buscar uma express?o vocal em cena que se concretizasse como movimento vivo e transformador. Este trabalho cont?m tamb?m o relato de experi?ncias pedag?gicas, nas quais a atriz/pesquisadora explorou estrat?gias para ensinar a apropria??o de par?metros da m?sica na constru??o do trabalho vocal do ator. Verificando que a fala teatral est? mais pr?xima do canto do que da fala cotidiana, ela concluiu que o ator pode compor m?sica assim como o faz um compositor de m?sica no processo de cria??o de suas partituras vocais. Por isso, constatou que ? de fundamental import?ncia um treinamento musical na forma??o do ator.

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Yunda, Lozano Daniel. "Improving vertical handover performance for RTP streams containing voice : Using network parameters to predict future network conditions in order to make a vertical handover decision." Thesis, KTH, Kommunikationssystem, CoS, 2007. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-92019.

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Wireless local area networks WLAN and Voice over IP technologies enable local low cost wireless telephony, while cellular networks offer wide-area coverage. The use of dual mode WLAN-cellular terminals should allow cost savings by automatically switching from GSM to WLAN networks whenever it is feasible. However, in order to allow user mobility during a call, a handover procedure for transferring a call between the WLAN interface and the cellular network should be defined. The decision algorithm that triggers such a handover is critical to maintain voice quality and uninterrupted communication. Information or measurements collected from the network may be used to anticipate when the connection will degrade to such a point that a handover is desirable in order to allow a sufficient time span for the handover’s successful execution. It is the delay in detecting when to make a handover and the time to execute it that motivates the need for a prediction. The goal of this thesis is therefore to present a method to predict when a handover should be made based upon network conditions. We selected a number of WLAN and VoIP software tools and adapted them to perform the measurements. These tools allowed us to measure parameters of the WLAN’s physical and link layers. Packet losses and jitter measurements were used as well. We have assumed that there is ubiquitous cellular coverage so that we only have to be concerned with upward handovers (i.e, from the WLAN to the cellular network and not the reverse). Finally we have designed and evaluated a mechanism that triggers the handover based in these measurements. WLAN, trådlöst lokalt nätverk, och IP-telefoni tillsammans gör det möjligt med billig trådlös telefoni, samtidigt som mobiltelefoninätverk erbjuder stor signal beläggning. Att använda WLAN-mobil med dubbla hårdvaruterminaler skulle ge en kostnadsreducering genom att automatisk byta från GSM till WLAN när det är möjligt. Emellertid för att kunna flytta pågående samtal mellan ett WLAN- och ett mobilt gränssnitt, måste en handovermekansim definieras. En beslutsalgoritm som utlöser sådan handover är av stor vikt för att bibehålla röstkvalitet och oavbruten kommunikation. För att tillåta ett tillräckligt tidsspann för handoverns utförande kan information tagen från nätverket användas för att förutse när kommunikationen ska degraderas till en sådan punkt att en handover är önskvärd. Förseningen i detekteringen när en handover ska ske och tiden för utförandet motiverar behovet av förutsägelse. Det här exjobbet introducerar en metod som förutsäger när handover ska börja baserade på nätverksförhållandena. Vi har valt några WLAN och VoIP-program och anpassat dem för att genomföra mätningarna. Programmen tillät oss att mäta WLANs parameter för fysiska och datalänksskikten. Pecket Loss och jitter-mätningar användes likaså. Vi antog att det fanns GSM tjänst på alla platser så att vi endast behövde göra uppg aende handover(t.ex. från WLAN till mobilt nätverk och inte tvärtom). Vi framkallade och testade en mekanism att starta handovern baserade på nätverksmätningarna. This is the same Ian Marsh as advisor who authored the disseratation http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-10572

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Zhang, Xuelu. "Les tons lexicaux du chinois mandarin en voix modale et en voix chuchotée." Thesis, Strasbourg, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017STRAC041/document.

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Notre recherche est une contribution à l’étude des indices acoustiques secondaires des tons lexicaux en mandarin, comparant les données recueillies en parole modale avec celles obtenues en parole chuchotée. Selon la littérature, ces indices devraient se présenter en tant qu’un ensemble d’attributs dans les dimensions acoustiques du spectre, outre que dans la fréquence fondamentale. Nous avons analysé des attributs temporels, des attributs au niveau de l’intensité, des attributs spectraux, ainsi que leur corrélation avec les tons. Les résultats montrent que certains paramètres temporels et la quatrième résonance du spectre sont étroitement liés au ton. Leurs rapports dépendent de la caractéristique intrinsèque de la voyelle qui porte le ton (équivalente de la rime dans notre recherche) Our research is a contribution to studies on secondary acoustic cues in Mandarin tone identification, by comparing acoustic data collected in modal speech and in whispered speech. According to the literature on the same issue, theses cues could be found in acoustic dimensions other than in the fundamental frequency, as a set of attributes. We have analyzed these attributes in the temporal domain, at the intensity level and in the spectrum, as well as their relations with tones. Our results show that some temporal parameters and the fourth resonance in the spectrum are very closely related to tones. These relations are dependent on the intrinsic characteristics of the vowel that carries the tone (which is equivalent to the rime in our research)

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Regnier, Lise. "Localization, Characterization and Recognition of Singing Voices." Phd thesis, Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris VI, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00687475.

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This dissertation is concerned with the problem of describing the singing voice within the audio signal of a song. This work is motivated by the fact that the lead vocal is the element that attracts the attention of most listeners. For this reason it is common for music listeners to organize and browse music collections using information related to the singing voice such as the singer name. Our research concentrates on the three major problems of music information retrieval: the localization of the source to be described (i.e. the recognition of the elements corresponding to the singing voice in the signal of a mixture of instruments), the search of pertinent features to describe the singing voice, and finally the development of pattern recognition methods based on these features to identify the singer. For this purpose we propose a set of novel features computed on the temporal variations of the fundamental frequency of the sung melody. These features, which aim to describe the vibrato and the portamento, are obtained with the aid of a dedicated model. In practice, these features are computed on the time-varying frequency of partials obtained using the sinusoidal model. In the first experiment we show that partials corresponding to the singing voice can be accurately differentiated from the partials produced by other instruments using decisions based on the parameters of the vibrato and the portamento. Once the partials emitted by the singer are identified, the segments of the song containing singing can be directly localized. To improve the recognition of the partials emitted by the singer we propose to group partials that are related harmonically. Partials are clustered according to their degree of similarity. This similarity is computed using a set of CASA cues including their temporal frequency variations (i.e. the vibrato and the portamento). The clusters of harmonically related partials corresponding to the singing voice are identified using the vocal vibrato and the portamento parameters. Groups of vocal partials can then be re-synthesized to isolate the voice. The result of the partial grouping can also be used to transcribe the sung melody. We then propose to go further with these features and study if the vibrato and portamento characteristics can be considered as a part of the singers' signature. Previous works on singer identification describe audio signals using features extracted on the short-term amplitude spectrum. The latter features aim to characterize the timbre of the sound, which, in the case of singing, is related to the vocal tract of the singer. The features we develop in this document capture long-term information related to the intonation of the singer, which is relevant to the style and the technique of the singer. We propose a method to combine these two complementary descriptions of the singing voice to increase the recognition rate of singer identification. In addition we evaluate the robustness of each type of feature against a set of variations. We show the singing voice is a highly variable instrument. To obtain a representative model of a singer's voice it is thus necessary to build models using a large set of examples covering the full tessitura of a singer. In addition, we show that features extracted directly from the partials are more robust to the presence of an instrumental accompaniment than features derived from the amplitude spectrum.

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Chytil, Pavel. "Detekce nemocí pomocí analýzy hlasu." Doctoral thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta elektrotechniky a komunikačních technologií, 2008. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-233419.

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Tato disertační práce je zaměřena na analýzu řečového signálu za učelem detekce nemocí ovlivňujících strukturu hlasových orgánů, obzvláště těch, které mění strukturální character hlasivek. Poskytnut je přehled současných technik. Dále jsou popsány zdroje použitých nahrávek pro zdravé a nemocné mlučí. Hlavním učelem této disertační práce je popsat vypočetní postup k odhadu parametrů modelu hlasového zdroje, které umožní následnou detekci a klasifikaci nemocí hlasivek. Poskytujeme detailní popis analýzy řečových signálů, které mohou být odvozeny z parametrických modelů hlasivek.

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Matar, Zein Nayla. "Genre et voix en arabe libanais : le cas des femmes avec un oedème de Reinke." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015AIXM3070/document.

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Objectif : Les femmes avec œdème de Reinke (FR) sont souvent prises pour des hommes au téléphone. Ainsi, leurs voix masculines sont intéressantes pour l’étude des stéréotypes de genre dans la voix. L’objectif de cette étude est de vérifier leur plainte dans un cadre expérimental et de rechercher les paramètres acoustiques utilisés dans l’identification du genre en se basant sur leurs voix.Matériel et Méthode : Une étude d’auto-évaluation met en évidence la perception qu’ont les FR de leurs voix. Une étude de production compare les paramètres acoustiques de voyelles et de phrases produites par 10 FR avec ceux des productions de 10 femmes et de 10 hommes aux voix normales (FN et HN). Un jury naïf évalue le genre vocal des FR, FN et HN. Résultats : Les FR s’auto-évaluent comme ayant une voix masculine et une personnalité féminine. Les paramètres acoustiques qui permettent de distinguer les voix des FR sont liés à la fréquence fondamentale, à la pente spectrale, au ratio des harmoniques par rapport au bruit et à la complexité de l’enveloppe spectrale. Le jury naïf, surtout les femmes, jugent les voix des FR comme « sûrement masculines » plus souvent qu’elles ne jugent les voix des FN quelle que soit la production vocale. Conclusions : Les auditeurs et surtout les auditrices évaluent les FR comme ayant une voix « sûrement masculine » par rapport aux FN. Ce classement est corrélé à la F0 ainsi qu’à des paramètres acoustiques liés à la qualité vocale : CPP, H1H2, HNR05, HNR15 et HNR25. Ces nouvelles informations contribuent à la compréhension de la perception du genre dans la voix et pourraient guider la réhabilitation des personnes se plaignant d’ambiguïté du genre vocal Purpose: Women with Reinke’s edema (RW) are often identified as men over the phone. For this reason, their masculine sounding voice is interesting for the study of gender stereotypes. The study’s objective is to verify their complaint and to understand the cues used in gender identification based on their voices.Methods: We verified, through a self-evaluation study, the perception of their own voice by RW. We compared the acoustic parameters of vowels and sentences produced by 10 RW to those produced by 10 men (NM) and 10 women (NW) with normal voices in Lebanese Arabic. We conducted two perception studies for the evaluation of RW, NM and NW voices by naïve listeners. Results: RW self-evaluated their voice as being masculine and their personality as being feminine. The acoustic parameters distinguishing RW voices concern pitch, spectral slope, harmonicity of the voicing signal and complexity of the spectral envelop. Naïve listeners (especially women) rate RW voices as “surely masculine” more often than they rate NW voices even in sentences. Conclusions: Listeners (especially women) rate RW’s gender as “surely masculine” more often than NW. These incorrect gender ratings are correlated with acoustic measures of voice quality. The most contributing parameters to gender perception are: F0, CPP, H1H2, HNR05, HNR15, and HNR25. This new data contributes to the understanding of the perception of gender in voice and will guide the rehabilitation plan of patients complaining of an ambiguous voice

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Guerrero, Lopez Harold Andrés. "Caractérisation de la voix de l'enfant sourd appareillé et implanté cochléaire : approches acoustique et perceptuelle et proposition de modélisation." Thesis, Montpellier 3, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010MON30008.

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Cette thèse propose une analyse comparative acoustique et perceptive de la voix d’un effectif statistiquement fiable d’enfants sourds appareillés et implantés cochléaires. Peu de paramètres diffèrent de manière significative entre le groupe d’enfants sourds ayant été appareillés et implantés avant l’âge de trois ans, et le groupe d’enfants entendants. L’ensemble de résultats indiquent que la voix des enfants de notre étude ne présente pas les caractéristiques traditionnellement retenues pour déterminer la voix pathologique. Par ailleurs, les caractéristiques de la voix des enfants implantés cochléaires sont sensiblement comparables à celles des enfants entendants. Fort de ces résultats expérimentaux, nous avons proposé un modèle « vibro-acoustique » de la régulation de la voix des enfants sourds « oralisés », et développé un simulateur numérique de la boucle audio-phonatoire This dissertation presents an acoustic and perceptive comparative analysis of the voice in a reliable size group of fitted and cochlear implanted deaf children. There are very few significantly different parameters between fitted and implanted children before three years old and normal children. Results do not confirm that hearing-impaired children’s voices of our study are pathological. Furthermore, characteristics of cochlear implanted voices are nearly comparable to normal children’s voices. As a consequence of these results, we propose a « vibro-acoustic model » and a software of voice control mechanism in deaf children

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Azad, Abul K. "Robust Speech Filter And Voice Encoder Parameter Estimation using the Phase-Phase Correlator." Diss., Virginia Tech, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/97221.

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In recent years, linear prediction voice encoders have become very efficient in terms of computing execution time and channel bandwidth usage while providing, in the absence of im- pulsive noise, natural sounding synthetic speech signals. This good performance has been achieved via the use of a maximum likelihood parameter estimation of an auto-regressive model of order ten that best fits the speech signal under the assumption that the signal and the noise are Gaussian stochastic processes. However, this method breaks down in the presence of impulse noise, which is common in practice, resulting in harsh or non-intelligible audio signals. In this paper, we propose a robust estimator of correlation, the Phase-Phase correlator that is able to cope with impulsive noise. Utilizing this correlator, we develop a Robust Mixed Excitation Linear Prediction encoder that provides improved audio quality for voiced, unvoiced, and transition speech segments. This is achieved by applying a statistical test to robust Mahalanobis distances for identifying the outliers in the corrupted speech signal, which are then replaced with filtered signals. Simulation results reveal that the proposed method outperforms in variance, bias, and breakdown point three other robust approaches based on the arcsin law, the polarity coincidence correlator, and the median- of-ratio estimator without sacrificing the encoder bandwidth efficiency and the compression gain while remaining compatible with real-time applications. Furthermore, in the presence of impulsive noise, the proposed speech encoder speech perceptual quality also outperforms the state of the art in terms of mean opinion score. Doctor of Philosophy Impulsive noise is a natural phenomenon in everyday experience. Impulsive noise can be analogous to discontinuities or a drastic change in natural progressions of events. Specifically in this research the disrupting events can occur in signals such as speech, power transmission, stock market, communication systems, etc. Sudden power outage due to lighting, maintenance or other catastrophic events are some of the reasons why we may experience performance degradation in our electronic devices. Another example of impulsive noise is when we play an old damaged vinyl records, which results in annoying clicking sounds. At the time instance of each click, the true music or speech or simply the audible waveform is completely destroyed. Other examples of impulse noise is a sudden crash in the stock market; a sudden dive in the market can destroy the regression and future predictions. Unfortunately, in the presence of impulsive noise, classical methods methods are unable to filter out the impulse corruptions. The intended filtering objective of this dissertation is specific, but not limited, to speech signal processing. Specifically, research different filter model to determine the optimum method of eliminating impulsive noise in speech. Note, that the optimal filter model is different for time series signal model such as speech, stock market, power systems, etc. In our studies we have shown that our speech filter method outperforms the state of the art algorithms. Another major contribution of our research is in speech compression algorithm that is robust to impulse noise in speech. In digital signal processing, a compression method entails in representing the same signal with less data and yet convey the the same same message as the original signal. For example, human auditory system can produce sounds in the range of approximately 60 Hz and 3500 Hz, another word speech can occupy approximately 4000 Hz in frequency space. So the challenge is, can we compress speech in one of half of that space, or even less. This is a very attractive proposition because frequency space is limited but the wireless service providers desires to service as many users as possible without sacrificing quality and ultimately maximize the bottom line. Encoding impulse corrupted speech produces harsh quality of synthesized audio. We have shown if the encoding is done with the proposed method, synthesized audio quality is far superior to the sate of the art.

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Riggio, Silvio. "Méthanisation par voie sèche discontinue des fumiers : optimisation des paramètres opérationnels du procédé." Thesis, Paris Est, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017PESC1183/document.

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La Digestion Anaérobie (DA), ou méthanisation, est un procédé qui permet le traitement de déchets organiques et la production d’énergie renouvelable sous forme de biogaz. La DA par voie sèche permet en particulier la valorisation de substrats solides, offrant plusieurs possibilités aux traitements de résidus d’origine agricole tels les fumiers, des substrats constitués d’un mélange de paille, fèces et urine accumulés dans les litières des étables. Parmi les technologies disponibles en méthanisation, les « leach-bed reactors » (LBRs), constituent une option valide mais toutefois peu connue et peu développée soit au niveau scientifique qu’industriel.Dans le but d’optimiser ce procédé, plusieurs problématiques ont été affrontées : (i) la caractérisation bio-physico-chimique du fumier et du potentiel énergétique exprimé dans un LBR; (ii) l’optimisation de l’inoculation des réacteurs et de la température de digestion ; (iii) la co-digestion du fumier avec un substrat facilement biodégradable et la problématique reliées à la gestion des acides gras volatiles (AGVs) ainsi produits.Les résultats montrent que le fumier est un substrat lentement biodégradable qui nécessite un long temps de digestion. Cependant, il s’agit d’un déchet agricole adapté à la valorisation par méthanisation et dont les rendements de dégradation et de production de méthane en LBRs sont intéressants industriellement. Ce substrat est par conséquent une ressource organique précieuse dans le contexte agricole.Il a été montré que le fumier bovin contient une population méthanogène active capable de démarrer un procédé de digestion anaérobie efficacement sans l’ajout d’un inoculum externe spécifique, autant en mode mésophile que thermophile. Une analyse économique a démontré que cette propriété peut être exploitée afin de diminuer les coûts d’investissement initiaux d’un projet à l’échelle industrielle, en favorisant de cette manière le développement de la filière. De plus, les résultats montrent que pour la digestion du fumier en LBRs le mode thermophile ne comporte aucun intérêt par rapport à la production finale de méthane (qui est similaire pour les deux régimes) et que, au contraire, la valorisation par cogénération du méthane produit en thermophile diminue le rendement de production électrique surtout à cause d’une production de méthane très importante en début de digestion. Le régime mésophile parait donc être le mode de fonctionnement le plus adapté dans ce contexte.Enfin, le rôle joué par la percolation du lixiviat sur la mobilisation des AGV accumulés dans la fraction solide a été mis en lumière dans un réacteur de co-digestion traitant une fraction de lentement biodégradable (le fumier) et une fraction facilement biodégradable. Une stratégie a été développée afin d’étudier le problème de l’extraction et de la consommation des AGV dans le but d’améliorer le rendement global du procédé.Pour conclure, ce travail a permis d’optimiser certains paramètres fondamentaux dans la gestion d’un LBR. Cette technologie s’est révélée efficace dans le traitement du fumier, autant en mono-digestion qu’en co-digestion avec un substrat facilement biodégradable. Ces recherches montrent que l’utilisation des LBR est appropriée au contexte agricole et que la modification des paramètres de contrôle permet à ce procédé de répondre efficacement aux problématiques du terrain. Ce travail représente une avancée significative vers la compréhension et le développement des LBRs pour le traitement des résidus agricole et, plus globalement, des énergies renouvelables mobilisant des biomasses agricoles Anaerobic Digestion (AD) is a process which allows the treatment of organic waste and the production of renewable energy. In particular, dry AD allows the treatment of solid organic substrates, offering several possibilities to the enhancement of agricultural waste such as spent livestock bedding (a mixture of straw, faeces and urine). Among the available biotechnologies in AD, leach-bed reactor (LBRs) is a promising but yet poorly known process both at scientific and industrial level.In order to develop this process, several issues have been studied: (i) the bio-physico-chemical characterization of spent animal bedding and its digestion potential in LBRs; (ii) the optimization of the start-up and the operating temperature of the digesters; (iii) the co-digestion of spent animal bedding with an easily-degradable substrate and the issues connected to the management of the volatile fatty acids (VFAs) produced.The results showed that spent animal bedding is a slowly-degradable substrate which needs a long digestion time. However, it is a substrate suitable to be treated through AD displaying high degradation and methane production rates when processed in LBRs. This substrate is, therefore, a valuable organic resource in the agricultural context.Spent animal bedding was shown to contain an active methanogenic population able to start the process efficiently, both in thermophilic and mesophilic temperature, without requiring a specific external inoculation. An economic study at industrial scale proved that this peculiarity can be used to diminish the investment costs and then promote the development of this process. Moreover, thermophilic temperature was proved to be less advantageous over mesophilic condition. In fact, despite the very close methane yield reached in both temperature range, the different biogas production rates in thermophilic conditions would lead to a reduction of the final electric energy production in this condition. Mesophilic temperature was then shown to be the best operating condition for this process.Finally, the role played by the leachate recirculation in the mobilization of the VFAs accumulating in the solid bulk was highlighted in the case of a reactor co-digesting slowly- (spent livestock bedding) and easily-degradable substrates. A strategy was even proposed to efficiently face such a problem by optimizing both the VFA extraction and consumption with the objectives of increasing the overall process efficiency.In the end, this work allowed to optimize some important parameters for the correct management of the LBRs. This technology was proved to be efficient in the treatment of spent livestock bedding, both as a sole substrate or in co-digestion with an easily-degradable substrate. This research study demonstrates that LBRs is an adapted process for the agricultural context and this technology can easily answer to the full scale issues usually encountered. This work represents a significant advance towards the comprehension and development of LBRs to treat agricultural waste and, more generally, to the development of renewable energies based on biomass

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Posbic, Hélène. "Automatic stellar parameters determination : chemical characterization of the Galactic thick disk and preparation to the Gaia mission." Observatoire de Paris, 2012. https://hal.science/tel-02095129.

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La formation de la Voie Lactée est toujours une question ouverte. Plusieurs scénarios sont proposés. Les différents scénarios prédisent différentes caractéristiques chimiques du disque. Cette thèse a pour but de caractériser chimiquement le disque de la Voie Lactée, dans et en dehors du voisinage solaire, pour contraindre les scénarios de formation de disque. Ceci sera possible grâce à des spectres stellaires de haute résolution de 200 étoiles qui ont été observées avec le spectographe Giraffe sur le Very Large Telescope (VLT). Ces étoiles ont été sélectionnées de sorte à avoir des altitudes galactiques ǀZǀ qui couvrent en espace le disque mince et le disque épais (ǀZǀ jusqu'à 2 kpc). Un nouveau logiciel d'analyse automatique de spectres a été dévoloppé pour déterminer les paramètres stellaires de ces étoiles, plus particulièrement leurs abondances individuelles. SPADES (Stellar PArameters DEtermination Software) est basé sur une analyse raie par raie qui utilise une grille de spectres de référence synthétiques. Une des particularités de SPADES est sa capacité à calculer des spectres synthétiques à la volée. Une fois testé pour déterminer les erreurs internes et externes de la méthode, SPADES a été utilisé pour déterminer les vitesses radiales, températures effectives, gravités de surface, métallicités et abondances individuelles de l'chantillon d'étoiles. Les distances de ces étoiles ont également été déterminées. La fonction de distribution de métallicité du disque a été calculée en utilisant cet échantillon d'étoiles. Elle montre une majorité d'étoiles du disque épais, avec une transition lisse de la métallicité au niveau de l'interface disque épais/halo. Le comportement vertical de la fonction de distribution de métallicité a aussi été étudié. Un grandient vertical de metallicité dans le disque de valeur 0. 19 +/- 0. 14 dex/kpc a été marginalement détecté avec un niveau sigma de 1. 4. Les tendance de [Ti/Fe] et [Ca/Fe] par à [Fe /H] pour les étoiles à moinns de 1 kpc au dessus du plan sont en bon accord avec celles d'études précédentes. Ceci fut la conclusion de la comparaison entre ce travail et celui des auteurs : Bensby et al. (2005), Takeda (2007), et Neves et al. (2009). Le résultat principal de l'analyse est que les tendances de [Ca/Fe] vs [Fe/H] et [Ti/Fe] vs [Fe/H] sont similaires aux basses altitudes (i. E. ǀZǀ < 1 kpc) et aux altitudes plus hautes (1 < ǀZǀ < 2. 5 kpc). Ceci laisse suggérer que les gaz et les étoiles du disque épais ont été enrichis par la même proportion de super novae de type II et type I proche du plan Galactique et jusqu'à des altitudes de 2. 5 kpc et plus. Ces résultats appuient les scénarios de formation du disque épais du genre "collapse" ou accrétion de gaz défavorisant l'idée d'un disque épais formé par capture pendant la fusion The formation of the Milky Way disk is still an open question. Many scenarios are proposed. Different formation scenarios predict different disk chemical trends. This thesis aims to chemically characterize the Milky Way disk inside and outside the solar neighbourhood, to better constrain its formation scenario. This is possible thanks to high resolution spectra of 200 disk stars observed using the Giraffe spectograph on the Very Large Telescope (VLT). They were selected to have galactic altitudes ǀZǀ that cover both the thin and tick disk (ǀZǀ up to 2 kpc). A new automatic spectra analysis software was developed to determine the stellar parameters, and most importantly, the elemental abundances of these stars. SPADES (Stellar PArameters DEtermination Software) is based on a line-by-line analysis using a reference grid of synthetic stellar spectra. One of its particularities is its ability to calculate synthetic spectra on-the-y. Once tested for internal and external errors, it was used to determine the radial velocity, effective temperature, surface gravity, metallicity and elemental abundances of the smple stars. The distances of these stars were also determined. The metallicity distribution function of the disk using this sample was calculated. It showed a large contribution of the disk stars and a smooth transition at the metallicity of the thick disk/halo interface. The vertivcal behaviour of the metallicity distribution function was also studied. A vertical metallicity grandient in the disk of 0. 19 +/- 0. 14 dex/kpc was marginally detected at the 1. 4 sigma level. The [Ti/Fe] and [Ca/Fe] vs [Fe/H] trends for stars located at less than 1 kpc above the plane were found to be in good agreement with previous studies. This is conclusion from the comparison of this work with author's like Bensky et al. (2005), Takeda (2007), and Neves et al. (2009). The main result of the analysis is that the trends of [Ca/Fe] vs [Fe/H] and [Ti/He] vs [Fe/H] show no significant difference close (i. E. ǀZǀ < 1 kpc) and farther away (1 < ǀZǀ < 2. 5 kpc) from the Galactic plane. This suggests that the thick disk gas and stars have been enriched by the same proportion of type II and type I super-novae from the galactic plane up to at least 2. 5 kpc. These results support thick disk formation scenarios like collapse or gas-rich accretion and disfavour a thick disc formed of stars captured during merger event

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Seipelt, Matthias [Verfasser]. "Autofluoreszenz-Laryngoskopie, Stimmumfangsmaß, Voice Handicap Index Kurzformen: Zur Wertigkeit neuer diagnostischer Prozeduren und Parameter in der Stimmheilkunde / Matthias Seipelt." Berlin : Medizinische Fakultät Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, 2021. http://d-nb.info/1234983745/34.

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Theron, Karin. "Temporal aspects of speech production in bilingual speakers with neurogenic speech disorders." Diss., Pretoria : [s.n.], 2003. http://upetd.up.ac.za/thesis/available/etd-08072003-152242.

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Genevey, Pierre. "Les accidents de la circulation pris en charge par le smur de romans de 1989 a 1991 : influence de l'alcoolisme et d'autres parametres sur la gravite de 521 accidents de la circulation." Lyon 1, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993LYO1M024.

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Derongs, Lorine. "Impact de la méthanisation agricole mésophile voie liquide sur le devenir de Clostridia pathogènes et de gènes de résistance aux antibiotiques." Thesis, Rennes, Agrocampus Ouest, 2021. http://www.theses.fr/2021NSARB348.

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Garantir l'innocuité des digestats lors de leur retour au sol représente un enjeu important pour la filière de méthanisation agricole. Le 1er objectif de la thèse était d’estimer à l’échelle du terrain, l’impact de trois méthaniseurs mésophiles sur la virulence et l’antibiorésistance de C. perfringens, bactérie pathogène, anaérobie stricte, susceptible de se développer dans les méthaniseurs. La digestion anaérobie n’a pas modifié la répartition des toxinotypes, majoritairement représentés par le type A (78,3% des isolats) ni les profils d’antibiorésistance. Plusieurs isolats étaient très résistants aux antibiotiques utilisés en médecine humaine, notamment la vancomycine et l'imipenème. Le 2nd objectif était d’évaluer sur des pilotes mésophiles semi-continus, l'effet du temps de séjour hydraulique (TSH), de la charge organique et du prétraitement thermique (70°C, 1h) du lisier alimentant les pilotes sur (i) quatre bactéries (E. coli, entérocoques, C. perfringens et C. difficile), (ii) let (iii) 14 gènes de résistance aux antibiotiques (GRA) et le gène intl1. Le paramètre ayant le plus d’influence sur les bactéries est le prétraitement thermique. Il permet d’éliminer E. coli dans les digestats et de diminuer d’un facteur 10 les teneurs en C. perfringens, mais il conduit à une légère augmentation des teneurs en C. difficile dans le lisier alimentant les réacteurs. S’il permet d’éliminer les entérocoques dans le lisier, ceux-ci sont encore présents dans les digestats suggérant leur développement dans les pilotes inoculés avec un digestat lors de leur mise en route. La méthanisation mésophile modifie la composition des communautés bactériennes en augmentant l'abondance relative des Bacteroidetes et en diminuant celles des Firmicutes. Elle réduit les teneurs en GRA à un degré plus ou moins marqué selon le gène considéré (de 0,1 à 2 Log10). L'allongement du TSH ainsi que le prétraitement thermique diminuent le nombre d'OTU mais n'impactent pas significativement l'abattement des teneurs en GRA et en gène intl1 It is important to guarantee the safe use of digestate for land application. The first objective of this work was to estimate, at field scale, the impact of three mesophilic digesters on the virulence and on the antibiotic resistance of C. perfringens, a pathogenic, strictly anaerobic bacterium which may grow in digesters. Anaerobic digestion did not change the distribution of the toxinotypes, mostly represented by type A (78.3% of the isolates), nor the antimicrobial resistance profiles of the isolates. Some isolates were highly resistant to antibiotics used in human medicine, especially vancomycin and imipenem. The second objective was to evaluate on semi-continuous mesophilic pilots, the effect of hydraulic retention time (HRT), organic loading rate and pretreatment of manure (70 °C, 1 h), on (i) four bacteria (E. coli, enterococci, C. perfringens and C. difficile), (ii) microbial communities and (iii) 14 antibiotic resistance genes (ARG) and the gene intl1The thermal pre-treatment had the greatest effect on the four bacteria: E. coli was not detected in digestates and the level of C. perfringens was reduced by a factor of 10. However it led to a slight increase in the level of C. difficile in the manure. Although no enterococci were detected in the heated manure, they were still present in the digestates, suggesting their ability to grow in the pilots inoculated with a digestate at the beginning of each experiment. Mesophilic anaerobic digestion changed the composition of bacterial communities by increasing the relative abundance of Bacteroidetes and decreasing the abundance of Firmicutes. The process reduced the concentration of the ARG (the Log reduction ranged from 0.1 to 2). The increasing of the HRT and the application of the thermal pretreatment led to a reduction in the number of OTU but did not significantly impact the Log reduction of the ARG and of the gene intl1

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Motte, Jean-Charles. "Digestion anaérobie par voie sèche de résidus lignocellulosiques : Etude dynamique des relations entre paramètres de procédés, caractéristiques du substrat et écosystème microbien." Thesis, Montpellier 2, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013MON20123/document.

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L'optimisation de la digestion anaérobie par voie sèche est actuellement limitée par un manque de connaissances fondamentales. En particulier, les effets des principaux paramètres de procédé sur la dynamique réactionnelle sont peu connus en digestion sèche : teneur en eau, propriétés du substrat ou taux d'inoculation. Ces conditions opératoires ont des conséquences importantes à l'échelle des micro-organismes par la modification des conditions environnementales locales. Si la relation entre les propriétés des substrats lignocellulosiques et l'activité de la biomasse microbienne est au cœur de la dynamique réactionnelle, elle reste très peu prise en compte lors de l'ajustement des conditions opératoires. Ce travail vise à comprendre l'impact des paramètres de procédé (teneur en eau, caractéristiques du substrat, taux d'inoculation) sur le développement, la structuration et l'activité des micro-organismes au cours de la digestion sèche de substrats lignocellulosiques, en vue de maitriser le procédé dans son ensemble. La stratégie retenue a consisté à suivre la dégradation de la paille de blé, modèle des résidus agricoles méthanisables, en réacteurs discontinus faiblement inoculés. Quatre séries d'expériences ont été mises en place pour : i) comprendre comment les paramètres de procédés impactent les réactions, ii) étudier le comportement métabolique des micro-organismes à faibles teneurs en eau, iii) déterminer comment les communautés microbiennes se spécialisent selon l'évolution des caractéristiques du substrat au cours de sa dégradation, et enfin iv) valider les résultats par un taux d'inoculation moins contraignant. Tout d'abord, le criblage des principaux paramètres de procédés (teneur en matières sèches, taille des particules et taux d'inoculation) a montré une évolution progressive de leurs effets au cours de l'avancement de la réaction, sur les processus de digestion. Ensuite, l‘étude de la fermentation en voie sèche a permis de montrer, qu'en présence d'eau libre, l'augmentation de la siccité n'impacte pas le métabolisme microbien, mais modifie les équilibres entre les communautés microbiennes. Le recours à un protocole de compartimentation de la biomasse microbienne spécialement développé dans cette thèse a mis en évidence une spécialisation forte et progressive des communautés microbiennes associées à l'hydrolyse du substrat, au cours de sa dégradation. Des observations par microscopie électronique à transmission indiquent que cette modification coïncide avec la dégradation progressive des tissus de la paille en fonction de leur degré de lignification. La mise en évidence de barrières physiques, récalcitrantes à la biodégradation et rarement décrites dans le contexte de la méthanisation, indique que l'accessibilité du substrat est le paramètre principal limitant la réaction. Ces informations suggèrent que le broyage du substrat est un prétraitement de choix en digestion sèche. Cependant, une dernière expérience a montré qu'en voie sèche, un broyage fin limite les gains de performances du procédé par une augmentation des risques d'acidification des digesteurs Nowadays, optimization of solid-state anaerobic digestion is limited by a lack of fundamental knowledge. In particular, the effects of the main process parameters, such as water content, substrate property or inoculation rate, on the reaction dynamics are poorly understood in solid-state anaerobic digestion. In fact, process parameters have consequences at microbial scale by the modification of the local environmental conditions. Nevertheless, even if the relationship between the lignocellulosic substrate characteristics and the microbial activity is a keystone of the reaction dynamics, it is rarely considered for the selection of operating conditions.This work aims to understand the influence of process parameters (total solid content, substrate characteristics, and inoculation ratio) on the microbial development, compartmentation and activity in order to optimize dry anaerobic digestion of lignocellulosic substrate. The selected strategy consisted in following wheat straw biodegradation, which is a model of agricultural wastes available for anaerobic digestion, in low inoculated batch reactors. Four series of experiment have been established to: i) understand the impact of process parameters on the reaction, ii) study the metabolic behavior of microorganisms face to low water content, iii) evaluate the relationship between substrate characteristics and modification of microbial communities and finally iv) validate results by less restricting inoculation rate.First, a screening of solid-state process parameters (total solid content, particle size and inoculation rate) showed a progressive change of their effect on digestion process during the reaction progress. Then, the study of dry fermentation indicated that, when water is free within the media, increasing total solid content has a low impact on the microbial metabolism, but modifies equilibriums between microbial communities. Based on a protocol developed to investigate the biomass compartmentation, we enlightened a strong and progressive specialization of the microbial communities associated to substrate hydrolysis during its biodegradation. Observations using transmission electronic microscopy indicated that this modification corresponds to a progressive degradation of the straw tissues depending on their lignification degree. Furthermore, the identification of physical barriers, rarely described in anaerobic digestion, suggests that substrate accessibility is the main parameter limiting the reaction. This information suggests that substrate milling can be theoretically a good pretreatment to improve dry anaerobic digestion. However, a last experiment showed that fine milling limits the process performances by a higher risk of acidification in digesters

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Gallet, Emmanuelle. "Techniques de model-checking pour l’inférence de paramètres et l’analyse de réseaux biologiques." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016SACLC035/document.

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Dans ce mémoire, nous présentons l’utilisation de techniques de model-checking pour l’inférence de paramètres de réseaux de régulation génétique (GRN) et l’analyse formelle d’une voie de signalisation. Le coeur du mémoire est décrit dans la première partie, dans laquelle nous proposons une approche pour inférer les paramètres biologiques régissant les dynamiques de modèles discrets de GRN. Les GRN sont encodés sous la forme d’un méta-modèle, appelé GRN paramétré, de telle façon qu’une instance de paramètres définit un modèle discret du GRN initial. Sous réserve que les propriétés biologiques d’intérêt s’expriment sous la forme de formules LTL, les techniques de model-checking LTL sont combinées à celles d’exécution symbolique et de résolution de contraintes afin de sélectionner les modèles satisfaisant ces propriétés. L’enjeu est de contourner l’explosion combinatoire en terme de taille et de nombre de modèles discrets. Nous avons implémenté notre méthode en Java, dans un outil appelé SPuTNIk. La seconde partie décrit une collaboration avec des neuropédiatres, qui ont pour objectif de comprendre l’apparition du phénotype protecteur ou toxique des microglies (un type de macrophage du cerveau) chez les prématurés. Cette partie exploite un autre versant du model-checking, celui du modelchecking statistique, afin d’étudier un type de réseau biologique particulier : la voie de signalisation Wnt/β-caténine, qui permet la transmission d’un signal de l’extérieur à l’intérieur des cellules via une cascade de réactions biochimiques. Nous présentons ici l’apport du model-checker stochastique COSMOS, utilisant la logique stochastique à automate hybride (HASL), un formalisme très expressif nous permettant une analyse formelle sophistiquée des dynamiques de la voie Wnt/β-caténine, modélisée sous la forme d’un processus stochastique à événements discrets In this thesis, we present the use of model checking techniques for inference of parameters of Gene Regulatory Networks (GRNs) and formal analysis of a signalling pathway. In the first and main part, we provide an approach to infer biological parameters governing the dynamics of discrete models of GRNs. GRNs are encoded in the form of a meta-model, called Parametric GRN, such that a parameter instance defines a discrete model of the original GRN. Provided that targeted biological properties are expressed in the form of LTL formulas, LTL model-checking techniques are combined with symbolic execution and constraint solving techniques to select discrete models satisfying these properties. The challenge is to prevent combinatorial explosion in terms of size and number of discrete models. Our method is implemented in Java, in a tool called SPuTNIk. The second part describes a work performed in collaboration with child neurologists, who aim to understand the occurrence of toxic or protective phenotype of microglia (a type of macrophage in the brain) in the case of preemies. We use an other type of model-checking, the statistical model-checking, to study a particular type of biological network: the Wnt/β- catenin pathway that transmits an external signal into the cells via a cascade of biochemical reactions. Here we present the benefit of the stochastic model checker COSMOS, using the Hybrid Automata Stochastic Logic (HASL), that is an very expressive formalism allowing a sophisticated formal analysis of the dynamics of the Wnt/β-catenin pathway, modelled as a discrete event stochastic process

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Hao, Chang, and 張灝. "Computation and visualization of human voice parameters." Thesis, 2011. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/67746517955758173038.

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碩士 國立臺灣海洋大學 電機工程學系 99 In this thesis, we present a software system for visualizing and assessing human voice qualities. The process of the proposed system starts with reading in a segment of voice of a patient. Then four key parameters of the voice data, including the fundamental frequency, jitter, shimmer and harmonic-to-noise ratio, are computed by using numerical methods. Traditionally, these parameters are output in text forms which are difficult to understand for ordinary people. In our system, these parameters are combined into a 4-dimenional data element and displayed by using high dimensional data visualization methods. At a preprocessing stage, we compute the four key voice parameters from two healthy voice data bases, one for each gender, and create two standard voice parameter sets. In the run time, the four parameters of the input voice data are inserted into one of the standard voice parameter sets according to the patient’s gender. Then the elements of the resulted voice parameter set are projected onto a 2D space by using Sammon’s projection method. The 2D image offers a great perception of the quality of the patient’s voice. Besides showing the 2D projection image, our system also displays the parallel coordinates of the voice parameter set in another image. Hence any abnormal voice parameters of the patients could be revealed. Compared with commercial voice assessment systems, our system is easier to operate and produces more comprehensible results.

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Ko, Hsiang-Chun, and 柯翔俊. "Prediction of Glottal Parameters Obtained from Stroboscopic Images Using Voice Recordings." Thesis, 2015. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/29730942113295765509.

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碩士 國立清華大學 電機工程學系 103 The most common way for people to communicate is by means of talking. Some people suffer from voice disorder because of overusing the vocal folds or due to other vocalfold pathology. In an ear-nose-throat clinic, ways of diagnosing the vocal-fold pathology include listening to patients’ voice and watching the movement of patients’ vocal folds. The former method is performed through recording and then analyzing the acoustic parameters to examine whether phonation is normal or not. This method is objective. Alternatively, a subjective way is for the doctor to grade the condition of patients’ voice directly through hearing, and these evaluation indexes include Grade, Roughness, Breathiness, Aesthenia and Strain (GRBAS). The latter method is using stroboscopy to observe the dynamic variation of vocal folds, then the doctor evaluates whether the appearance and movement of vocal folds are normal. Stroboscopy is usually used by doctors to judge the severity of vocal-fold damage subjectively. There is currently no standard way to automate this process. Therefore, we attempt to quantify common glottal physiological parameters (GPPs) including Aperiodicity, Opening Quotient (OQ), Symmetry and Roughness by image processing. The ultimate purpose of this research is to use acoustic parameters to predict the vocal-fold damage severity observed from stroboscopic images. Our motivation was based on the fact that stroboscopy is an invasive instrument which could hurt the patient. In this research, we collected the recording voice files and acoustic parameters including Jitter, Shimmer and Noise-to-Harmonic Ratio (NHR) and also collected the data of GRBAS from 15 patients before they went through vocal-fold surgery. Then we used the linear prediction method to analyze the voice files and calculated their prediction error signals. Finally we calculated the correlation function of the prediction error signals and defined a parameter called Pitch Amplitude (PA). Then combinations of these parameters were used to construct a linear model that gives the best prediction of GPPs in terms of least-square approximation. The R-square, which is used to evaluate the performance of each GPP, can reach Aperiodicity=0.907, OQ=0.774, Symmetry=0.783 and Roughness=0.833. The GPPs can be predicted well by the linear combination of the acoustic parameters which is a non-invasive method.

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Yeh, Hsuan-Chen, and 葉宣辰. "The Influences of Noise and Sample Rate on The Analysis of Voice Parameters." Thesis, 2014. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/76819578681844836044.

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碩士 國立臺灣海洋大學 資訊工程學系 103 In the past research, we have built a home-based voice quality analysis system, which can analyze the qualities of voice signals in our living rooms. In this research, we conduct a series experiments on the influences of noise and sample-rate on the accuracy of voice assessment by using our voice-assessing system. The main goals of this research are to discover the influences of noise and sample rate on the analysis of voice parameters and to figure out the feasible operating conditions for the system. In order to have objective test results, we also compare and explore the results obtained by using two other famous voice quality assessing systems. Beside performing the experiments, we also present two visualization methods for displaying the test results so that users can better understand the influences of noise and sample-rate on the accuracy of voice quality analysis. After figuring out the influences of both factors, we draw basic rules for operating the voice quality analysis systems. Users can check the noise-level of the environment and the sample rate of the recording program before carrying out the acoustic diagnosis. Therefore the voice assessment can be more reliable.

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Lausen, Adi. "Emotion recognition from expressions in voice and face – Behavioral and Endocrinological evidence –." Doctoral thesis, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/21.11130/00-1735-0000-0003-C121-D.

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Tsai, Yu-Fei, and 蔡渝斐. "Development of Measuring and Analysis Systems of Speakers Applied to the Measurement of Voice-Coil Impedance, Diaphragm Vibration, TS Parameters and Sound Pressure Level." Thesis, 2017. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/dzwwyg.

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碩士 國立臺灣大學 機械工程學研究所 105 With the vigorous development of technology, speakers have become an indispensable part of human society. Especially in recent decades, the quality of electro-acoustic products have become more demanding than ever along with the progression of consumer electronics products. The working principle of speakers is quite simple, but to satisfy different needs is still worthy of research. To design high-quality speakers, the measurement of speaker characteristics is crucial. The main content of this thesis is to develop a speaker measuring system is to replace professional electro-acoustic measuring systems, aimed at reducing costs as well as providing a higher degree of freedom system to users and fellow researchers to meet their respective needs. The measuring system consists of three parts: first, the electrical impedance of the loudspeaker, including utilizing it to test the stability of the earphone membranes as a realistic engineering problem. The second part is on dynamic displacement of speakers’ diaphragms, calculating the displacement-voltage transfer function, which can determine the TS parameters in conjunction with the impedance curve. In addition, an analysis system is developed to analyze the transient response of electrical signals and displacement signals of speakers. This system is capable of automatically determining the number of waves for the signal to reach steady state. Finally, a sound pressure level measuring subsystem is developed. Simulating the sound pressure level with TS parameters and the diaphragm displacement as well. Last, measuring diaphragm vibration mode with an optical measurement to check the peaks and valleys in the SPL curve. All the experimental results of self-developing measuring system are compared with professional electro-acoustic measurement systems to determine its practicality.

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Lin, Zhang-fu, and 林正甫. "Mandarin Singing Voice Synthesis Using ANN Vibrato Parameter Models." Thesis, 2007. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/97595971346636385259.

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碩士 國立臺灣科技大學 資訊工程系 96 In this thesis, analysis and synthesis of vibrato, an important factor of singing expression, are focused. We analyze the vibrato parameters of a singing syllable by using short-time Fourier transform and the method of analytic signal. In addition, we apply the same procedure to analyze the vibrating parameters from a syllable’s waveform envelope curve. When the parameter values of vibrato and amplitude vibrating are obtained for each singing syllable, they are used to train an artificial neural network (ANN) based model for each different parameter type. Then, these ANN models are used to generate the vibrato and vibrating parameters. Next, these parameters and other relevant music parameters are used together to control a harmonic-plus-noise (HNM) model to synthesize singing voice signals. With the synthetic singing voices, subjective perception tests are conducted. The result show that the singing signal synthesized with the control of vibrato and vibrating parameters is indeed apparently better than the singing signal synthesized without such controls.

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Lin, Chung-Hui, and 林正輝. "A Study of Voice Parameter Measurements with PZT Acoustic Sensor." Thesis, 2016. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/96348770624518992010.

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Lin, Chih-Hang, and 林至航. "Formant Parameter Extraction by 2D-HMM with Application in Voice Conversion." Thesis, 2010. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/31198639411292196659.

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碩士 國立宜蘭大學 資訊工程研究所碩士班 98 Though the speech synthesis techniques gradually become matured over the past decades, its application on voice conversion still has plenty of space for further improvement. One of the representative technology for speech synthesis is harmonic plus noise model (HNM), of which the required spectral parameters can be traced via Hidden Markov Model (HMM). The HMM is known to have the probabilistic adaptability and compression capability of a random process, and therefore is suitable for model parameter extraction. Voice conversion can be carried out by altering the modeling parameters and then performing speech reproduction based on the HNM. To assess the performance of the parameter conversion mechanism, this thesis applies the 2D-HMM to track the parametric evolution (including the phoneme classification and the formants) and converts the extracted parameters to contain the features of the target voice. In addition to the development of an automatic voice conversion system, the thesis proposes a series of experiments to explore the pros and cons of adopting different spectral manifestations in conversion efficiency. First, two commonly used conversion functions, namely the Gaussian mixture model (GMM) and codebook mapping (CM), are under investigation. The experimental results confirm other researchers’ conclusions that the GMM can yield lesser spectral distortion than the CM. Second, it is corroborated that the use of line spectrum frequency (LSF) in voice conversion generally leads to larger formant bandwidths. Hence this study employs formant parameters to characterize the spectral envelope instead. In the case of GMM conversion, the use of formant parameters can alleviate the bandwidth broadening problem, but the overall spectral distortion does not decline, indicating that the direct utilization of formant parameters for voice conversion is still questionable.

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Rodenstock, Maria. "Veränderungen von Parametern der Sprechstimme im Medizinstudium." Doctoral thesis, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/11858/00-1735-0000-000D-F02D-7.

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Kulhánek, Tomáš. "Využití tenchnologie GRID při zpracování medicínské informace." Doctoral thesis, 2015. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-334615.

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This thesis focuses on selected areas of biomedical research in order to benefit from current computational infrastructures established in scientific community in european and global area. The theory of computation, parallelism and distributed computing, with focus on grid computing and cloud computing, is briefly introduced. Exchange of medical images was studied and a seamless integration of grid-based PACS system was established with the current distributed system in order to share DICOM medical images. Voice science was studied and access to real-time voice analysis application via remote desktop technology was introduced using customized protocol to transfer sound recording. This brings a possibility to access current legacy application remotely by voice specialists. The systems biology approach within domain of human physiology and pathophysiology was studied. Modeling methodology of human physiology was improved in order to build complex models based on acausal and object-oriented modeling techniques. Methods for conducting a parameter study (especially parameter estimation and parameter sweep) were introduced using grid computing and cloud computing technology. The identification of parameters gain substantial speedup by utilizing cloud computing deployment when performed on medium complex models of...

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